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HISTORICAL 



ENCYCLOPEDIA 



OF 



ILLINOIS 



EDITED BY 

Newton Bateman. LL. D. Pah. Ski.hv. A M. 

n 




AND HISTORY OF 



McDONOUGH COUNTY 



edited by 
Alexander McLean 



ILLUSTRATED 



CHICAGO: 

MINSKI.I, PUBLISHING COMPANY 

PUBLISHERS. 

1907. 






Entered according to Act of Conirress. 
in the years 1S44. ISW and ISIX). by 

\V 1 L L I \ M W. M U N S E L L. 

in llu- ulliee of tile Lil)rarian of Ctniu'res; 
at 

W'ASHIXtiTDN. 



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THe 

ILLINOIS KIVSR 
BASIN. 




TERRITORY DRAINED BY THE .ILLINOIS RIVER. 




J^^\^iJrCc^CZA^^^~CL*-^^u~^^ 



PREFACE. 



Why publish this book? There should be many and strong reasons to warrant such an 
nndertaking. Are there such refisons? What considerations ai'e weighty enough to have 
induced the publishers to make this venture? and what special claims hits Illinois to such a 
distinction? These are reasonable and inevitable inquiries, and it is fitting they should 
receive attention. 

In the first place, good State Histories are of great importance and value, and there is 
abundant and cheering evidence of an increasing popular interest in them. This is true of 
all such works, whatever States may be their subjects; and it is conspicuously true of Illi- 
nois, for the following, among many other reasons: Because of its great promijienee in the 
early history of the West as the seat of the first settlements of Europeans northwest of the 
Ohio Iiiver — the unique character of its early civilization, duo to or resulting from its early 
French population brought in contact with the aborigines — its political, military, and educa- 
tional prominence — its steadfast loyalty and patriotism — the marvelous development of its 
vast resources — the number of distinguished statesmen, generals, and jurists whom it has 
furnished to the Government, and its grand record in the exciting and perilous conflicts on 
the Slavery question. 

This is the magnificent Commonwealth, the setting forth of whose history, in all of its 
essential departments and features, seemed to warrant the bringing out of another volume 
devoted to that end. Its material has been gathered from every available source, and most 
carefully examined and sifted before acceptance. Especial care has been taken in collecting 
material of a biographical character ; facts and incidents in the personal history of men identi- 
fied with the life of the State in its Territorial and later periods. This material has been 
gathered from a great variety of sources widely scattered, and much of it quite inaccessible 
to the ordinary inquirer. The encyclopedic form of the work favors conciseness and com- 
pactness, and was adopted with a view to condensing the largest amount of information 
within the smallest practicable space. 

And so the Historical Encyclopedia of Illinois was conceived and planned in the belief 
that it was needed; that no other book filled the place it was designed to occupy, or fur- 
nished the amount, variety and scope of information touching the infancy and later life of 
Illinois, that would be found in its pages. In that belief, and in furtherance of those ends, 
the book has been constructed and its topics selected and written. Simplicity, perspicuitv, 
conciseness and accuracy have been the dominant aims and rules of its editors and writers. 
The supreme mission of the book is to remrd, fairly and truthfully, historical facts; facts of 
the earlier aiid later history of the State, and di-awn from the almost innumerable sources 
connected with that history; facts of interest to the great body of our people, as well as to 
scholars, ofTioials, and other special classes; a book convenient for reference in tlie school, 
the -iffice, and the home. Hence, no attempt at fine writing, no labored, irrelevant and 

3 



4 PREFACE. 

long-drawn accounts of matters, persons or things, which really need but a few plain words 
for their adequate elucidation, will be found in its pages. On the other hand, perspicuity 
and fitting development are never intentionally sacrificed to mere conciseness and brevity. 
Whenever a subject, from its nature, demands a more elaborate treatment — and there are 
many of this character — it is handled accordingly. 

As a rule, the method pursued is the separate and topical, rather than the chronological, 
as being more satisfactory and convenient for reference. That is, each topic is considered 
separately and exhaustively, instead of being blended, chronologically, with others. U'o pass 
from subject to subject, in the mere arbitrary order of time, is to sacrifice simplicity and 
order to comple.xity and confusion. 

Absolute freedom from error or defect in all cases, in handling so many thousands of 
items, is not claimed, and could not reasonably be expected of any finite intelligence; since, 
in complicated cases, some element may possibly elude its sharpest scrutiny. But every 
statement of fact, made herein without qualification, is believed to be strictly correct, and 
the statistics of the volume, as a whole, are submitted to its readers with entire confidence. 

Considerable space is also devoted to biographical sketches of persons deemed worthy of 
mention, for their close relations to the State in some of its varied interests, political, gov- 
ernmental, financial, social, religious, educational, industrial, commercial, economical, mili- 
tary, judicial or otherwise; or for their supposed personal deservings in other respects. It 
is believed that the extensive recognition of such individuals, by the publishers, will not be 
disapproved or regretted by the public ; that personal biography has an honored, useful and 
legitimate place in such a history of Illinois as this volume aims to be, and that the omission 
of such a department would seriously detract from the completeness and value of the book. 
Perhaps no more delicate and difficult task has confronted the editors and publishers than 
the selection of names for this part of the work. 

While it is believed that no unworthy name has a place in the list, it is freely admitted 
that there may_be many others, equally or possibly even more worthy, whose names do not 
appear, partly for lack of definite and adequate information, and partly because it was not 
deemed best to materially increase the space devoted to this class of topics. 

And so, with cordial thanks to the publishers for the risks they have so cheerfully 
assumed in this enterprise, for their business energy, integrity, and determination, and their 
uniform kindness and courtesy; to the many who have so generously and helpfully promoted 
the success of the work, by their contributions of valuable information, interesting reminis- 
cences, and rare incidents; to Mr. Paul Selby, the very able associate editor, to whom 
especial honor and credit are due for his most efiicient, intelligent and scholarly services; to 
Hon. Harvey B. Ilurd, Walter B. Wines, and to all others who have, by word or act, 
encouraged us in this enterprise — ^with gi'ateful recognition of all these friends and helpers, 
the Historical Encyclopedia of Illinois, with its thousands of topics and many thousands of 
details, items and incidents, is now respectfully submitted to the good people of the State, 
for whom it has been prepared, in the earnest hope and confident belief that it will be found 
instructive, convenient and useful for the purposes for which it was designed. 






P R p] F A T R Y STATEMENT. 



Sinne the bulk of the matter contained in this volume was practically completed and 
ready for the press, Dr. Newton Bateman, who occupied the relation to it of editor-in-cliief, 
has passed beyond the sphere of mortal existence. In placing the work before the public, it 
therefore devolves upon the undersigned to make this last prefatory statement. 

As explained by Dr. Bateman in his preface, the object had in view in tlie preparation 
of a "Historical Encyclopedia of Illinois" has been to present, in compact and concise form, 
tlie leading facts of Territorial and State liistory, from the arrival of the earliest French 
explorers in Illinois to the present time. This hiis included an outline history of the State, 
under the title, "Illinois," supplemented by special iirticles relating to various crises and eras 
in State history; changes in form of government and administration; the history of Consti- 
tutional Conventions and Legislative Assemblies; the various wars iu which Illinoisans have 
taken part, with a summary of the principal events in the history of individual military 
organizations engaged in the Civil "War of 1861-0-5, and the War of ISO!-; with Spain; lists of 
State otticers. United States Senators and ^lembers of Congi-ess, with the terms of each; the 
organization and development of political divisions; the establishment of charitable and 
educational institutions; the growth of public improvements and other enterprises which 
have marked the progress of the State; natural features and resources; the history of early 
newspapers, and the growth of religious denominations, together with general statistical 
information and unusual or extraordinary occurrences of a local or general State character — 
all arranged under topical heads, and convenient for ready reference by all seeking informa- 
tion on these subjects, whether in the family, in the office of the professional or business 
man, in the teacher's study and the school-room, or in the public library. 

While individual or collected biographies of the public men of Illinois have not been 
wholly lacking or few in number — and those already in existence have a present and con- 
stantly increasing value — they have been limited, for the most part, to special localities and 
particular periods or classes. Kich as the annals of Illinois are in the records and character 
of its distinguished citizens who, by their services in the public councils, upon the judicial 
bench and in the executive (-hair, in the forum and in the field, have rcileeted honor upon 
the State and the Nation, there has been hitherto no comprehensive attempt to gather 
together, in one volume, sketches of those who have been conspicuous in the creation and 
upbuilding of the State. The collection of material of this sort ha.s been a task requiring 
patient and laborious research ; and, while all may not have been achieved in this direction 
that was desirable, owing to the insufficiepcy or total absence of data relating to the lives of 
many men most prominent in public alTairs during the period to which they belonged, it is 
still believed that wiiat has been accomplished will be found of permanent value and be 
appreciated by those most deeply interested in this phase of State history. 

The large number of topics treated has made brevity and coneisene>ss an indispensable 
feature of the work ; consequently there has been no attempt to indulge in graces of style or 



PKEFATORY STATEMENT. 

elaboration of narrative. The object has been to present, in simple language and concise 
form, facts of history of interest or value to those who may choose to consult its pages. 
Absolute inerrancy is not claimed for every detail of the work, but no pains has been 
spared, and every available authority consulted, to arrive at complete accuracy of statement. 

In view of the important bearing which railroad enterprises have had upon the extraor- 
dinary development of the State within the past fifty years, considerable space lias been given 
to this department, especially with reference to the older lines of railroad whose history has 
been intimately interwoven with that of the State, and its jirogress in wealth and population. 

In addition to the acknowledgments made by Dr. Bateman, it is but proper that I 
should express my personal obligations to the late Prof. Samuel M. Inglis, State Superin- 
tendent of Public Instruction, and his assistant, Prof. J. II. Freeman; to ex-Senator John 
M. Palmer, of Springfield ; to the late Hon. Joseph Medill, editor of "The Chicago Tribune" ; 
to the Hon. James B. Bradwell, of "The Chicago Legal News"; to Gen. Green B. Eaum, 
Dr. Samuel Willard, and Dr. Garrett Newkirk, of Chicago (the latter as author of the prin- 
cipal portions of the article on the "Underground Railroad") ; to the Librarians of the State 
Historical Library, the Chicago Historical Library, and the Chicago Public Library, for 
special and valuable aid rendered, as well as to a large circle of correspondents in different 
parts of the State who have courteously responded to requests for information on special 
topics, and have thereby materially aided in securing whatever success may have been 
attained in the work. 

In conclusion, I cannot omit to pay this final tribute to the memory of my friend and 
associate. Dr. Bateman, whose death, at his home in Galesburg, elsewhere recorded, was 
deplored, not only by his associates in the Faculty of Knox College, his former pupils and 
immediate neighbors, but by a large circle of friends in all parts of the State. 

Although his labors as editor of this volume had been substantially finished at the time 
of his death (and they included the reading and revision of every line of copy at that time 
prepared, comprising the larger proportion of the volume as it now goes into the hands of 
the public), the enthusiasm, zeal and kindly appreciation of the labor of others which he 
brought to the discharge of his duties, have been sadly missed in the last stages of prepara- 
tion of the work for the press. In the estimation of many who have held his scholarship 
and his splendid endowments of mind and character in the highest admiration, his con- 
nection with the work will be its strongest commendation and the surest evidence of its 
merit. 

With myself, the most substantial satisfaction I have in dismissing the volume from my 
hands and submitting it to the judgment of the public, exists in the fact that, in its prepara- 
tion, I have been associated with such a co-laborer — one whose abilities commanded uni- 
versal respect, and whose genial, scholarly character and noble qualities of mind and heart 
won the love and confidence of all with whom he came in contact, and whom it had been my 
privilege to count as a friend from an early period in his long and useful career. 






LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS. 



PAGE 

Abraham Lincoln {Frontispiece) 1 

Annex Central Hospital for Insane, Jacksonville 84 

Asylum for Feeble-Minded Children, Lincoln 237 

Bateman, Newton (Portrait) 3 

Board of Trade Building, Chicago , 277 

"Chenu Mansion," Kaskaskia (1898), where La Fayette was entertained in 1825 .... 315 

Chicago Academy of Sciences . 394 

Chicago Drainage Canal 94 

Chicago Historical Society Building 394 

Chicago Post Office (U. S. Gov. Building) 88 

Chicago Public Buildings 395 

Chicago Thoroughfare.^ 89 

Chicago ThoroughfartS 93 

Chief Chicagou (Portrait) 246 

Comparative Size of Great Canals 95 

Day after Chicago Fire 92 

Early Historic Scenes, Chicago 170 

Early Historic Scenes, Chicago (No. 2) 171 

Engineering Hall, University of Illinois 280 

E.xperiment Farm, University of Illinois 12 

Experiment Farm, University of Illinois — -The Vineyard 13 

Experiment Farm, University of Illinois — Orchard Cultivation 13' 

First Illinois State House, Kaskaskia (1818) 314 

Fort Dearborn from the West (1808) ' 24G 

Fort Dearborn from Southeast (1808) 247 

Fort Dearborn (1853) 247 

General John Edgar's House, Kaskasia 315 

Henry de Tonty (Portrait) 346 

House of Governor Bond, Old Kaskaskia (1891) 315 

House of Chief Ducoign, the last of the Kaskaskias (1893) 314 

Home for Juvenile Female Offenders, Geneva 236 

Illinois Eastern Hospital for Insane, Kankakee 85 

Illinois Soldiers' and Sailors' Home, Quincy 438 

Illinois State Normal University, Normal 504 

Illinois State Capitol (First), Kaskaskia 240 

Illinois State Capitol (Second), \'andalia 240 

Illinois State Capitol (Third), Springfield 240 

Hliuois State Capitol (Present), Springfield 241 

Illinois State Building, World's Columbian Exposition, 1893 601 

Illinois State Petutentiary, Joliet 30(; 

Illinois State Penitentiary — Cell House and Women's Prison 307 

Illinois State Reformatory, Pontiac 493 



8 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS. 

PAGE 

Institution for Deaf and Dumb, Jackisonville 300 

Interior of Koom, Kaskaskia Hotel (IS'.!:!) where La Fayette Banquet was held in 1825 314 

Institution for the Blind, Jacksonville 301 

Kaskaskia Hotel, where La Fayette was feted in 1825 (as it appeared, 1893) 314 

La Salle (Portrait) 240 

Library Building, University of Illinois 334 

Libraiy Building — Main Floor — University of Illinois 335 

Lincoln Park Vistas, Chicago 120 

Map of Burned District, Chicago Fire, 1871 276 

Map of Grounds, World's Columbian Exposition, 1893 600 

Map of Illinois FuUowiiiff Title Page 

Map of Illinois Piver Valley • " " " 

McCormick Seminary, Chicago 3G2 

Monuments in Lincoln Park, Chicago 90 

Monuments in Lincoln Park, Chicago 206 

Monuments in Lincoln Park, Chicixgo 207 

Natural History Ilall, University of Illinois 151 

Newberry Library, Chicago 394 

Northern Hospital for the Insane, Elgin 402 

Old Kaskaskia, from (larrison Hill (as it appeared in 1893) 314 

Old State House, Kaskaskia (1900) 315 

Pierre Menard Mansion, Kaskaskia (1893) 314 

Kemnant of Old Kaskaskia (as it appeared in 1898) 315 

Scenes in South Park, Chicago 604 

Seiby, Paul (Protrait) 5 

Sheridan Road and on the Boulevards, Chicago 121 

Soldiers' Widows' Home, Wilmington 439 

Southern Illinois Normal, Carbondale 505 

Southern Illinois Penitentiary and Asylum for Incurable Insane, Chester 492 

University Hall, University of Illinois 150 

L^niversity of Chicago 363 

University of Illinois, Urbana. (Group of Buildings) 540 

University of Illinois, Urbana. (Group of Buildings) 541 

View from Engineering Hall, University of Illinois 281 

View on Principal Street, Old Kaskaskia (1891) 315 

Views in Lincoln Park, Chicago 91 

Views of Drainage Canal 96 

Views of Drainage Canal 97 

War Eagle (Portrait) 240 

Western Hospital for the Insane, Watertown 403 

World's Fair Buildings 005 



PREFACE 



In arranging a meeting between the people of the future and those whose 
labors comprise the past and present history of McDonough County, it is hoped 
and confidently believed that this record of happenings, events and personalities 
will prove an educational force with all classes. 

The preparation of this History of McDonough County was undertaken, not 
only in the belief that it was needed, but in the further belief that, while this 
generation is interested in both the past and the present, it is also under obligation 
to the future, and that the progress of this county should be marked by a his- 
torical record to which future generations may refer with pride and confidence. 
Local history requires frequent repetition and constant addition. The work of 
the historian is a continuous process ; his record is one that, as the years progress, 
increases in volume with the deeds, the adventures and the achievements of past 
and present generations, and to which the future must add more remarkable 
chapters. Upon the soil of McDonough County, comprising an area of nearly 
six hundred square miles, has been enacted an integral part of the great unfolding 
of American independence. Here man has triumphed over the forces of nature 
that once seemed rude and unpromising. Its cabin builders represented a 
splendid hope. Its farms have demonstrated anew that agriculture is the very 
basis of a nation's prosperity — the salvation and independence of human life. Its 
modern conditions express the progress achieved in personal, social, civil, religious, 
industrial and commercial life. 

The gathering of material necessar\- to the preparation of a reliable county 
history involves no small amount of time and labor. Especially is this true when 
so many of the men and women who helped to make its early history have passed 
away, as is now the case in McDonough County. The gathering of facts, investi- 
gating and verifying statements obtained from various authorities, interviewing 
many of our older citizens, and finally digesting and incorporating, as a compact 
whole, the mass of information thus gained, and preparing the history for the 
press, have consumed more time than I at first anticipated. The publishers, while 
urging its early completion, have awaited the furnishing of my manuscript with 
commendable patience, believing, with me. that the greater time thus employed was 
conducive to a more thoroughly prepared work, and to the greater benefit of its 
manv patrons ; while to them much credit is due for the pecuniary outlay which 
they have necessarily borne, and for the great care evidently taken by them in 
the preparation of the work as a whole, the inserting of many portraits and 



illustrations executed in the highest style of the art, thereby adding to ihe intrinsic 
value and interest of the publication. 

In the preparation of the early history of the county and its various munici- 
palities, information has been sought from all accessible sources, including the 
McDonough County History published in 1878, not, however, without independent 
investigation and corroborative evidence where the lapse of more than a quarter 
of a century did not make this impossible. My sincere thanks are, therefore,, 
tendered herewith to all who have responded to my earnest appeals for informa- 
tion, and thereby aided in the accomplishment of the work in hand. Recognizing 
the limitations which invariably attend human effort and intelligence, it follows 
that perfection is never attainable in a work of this character and it is not claimed 
for this volume. Nevertheless, the work throughout has been conscientiously 
prepared, and I feel assured that it will prove of permanent value, the realization 
of which will increase with passing years. 



U/e^^i^^i^c^i/u 



^(^ 



INDEX 



CHAPTER I. 

THE BEGINNING— DEVELOPMENT. 

First White X'isitors to Illinois — Explorations of Joliet and Marquette in 
1673 — Conditions at the Expiration of a Century of Occupation — 
Brief Period of British Dominion — Transition Wrought by the George 
Rogers Clark Conquest — The Illinois County of \'irginia — Ordinances 
of 1784 and 1787 — Illinois Under Territorial Jurisdiction — State Gov- 
ernment Established — Boundaries — Foresight of Delegate Nathaniel 
Pope and its Marvelous Results — State Constitutional Conventions 
— A Lieutenant Governor in the Role of a Usurper — Agricultural 
and Mineral Resources — Banking and Railroad Interests — Manu- 
facturing Statistics 617-621 

chapter ii. 
Mcdonough county organized. 

The Military Tract — Its Boundaries and the Territory Embraced Within 
its Limits — Trouble Over Land Titles — Boundaries and Area of Mc- 
Donough County — Growth in Land Values — Soil and Streams — 
First Settlers — Order of Court Organizing the County — First Elec- 
tions and ( )fficers Chosen — First Session of Court — Grand and Petit 
Jurors — The Tax Question 622-626 

CHAPTER III. 

ANIMAL AND BIRD LIFE. 

Primitive Conditions of Animal Life — Timber, Gray and Prairie Wolves 
— .\ Wolf Hunt — Generous Bounties for Wolf Scalps — The Common 
Red Deer — Foxes. Squirrels and Other Smaller Animals — Reptiles — 
The Deadlv Rattle-snake — Numerous Species of Land and W'ater 
Fowl — Wild Geese. Turkeys and Prairie Chickens — The Smaller Bird 
Species — Feathered Songsters — The Gray and Bald Eagle, the Hawk 
and Other Carniverous Birds — The \'aiue of Game Birds to Early 
Settlers 626-629 

CHAPTER IV. 

TOPOGRAPHY AND FLORA. 

Topography of the Military Tract Region — Water Courses — Timber 
Lands and the \'alue of their Products to the Early Settlers — 
Prairie Lands and Grasses — Indigenous Plants, Fruits and Folwers. . 630-631 



CHAPTER V. 

GEOLOGY— MINERAL DEPOSITS. 

Geologic Conditions in McDonough County — Coal and Clay Deposits — 
Drift-clays in the Vicinity of Colchester — Coal Measures — The Col- 
chester Mines — Lime and Sandstone — Fire Clay — Tile and Fire- 
brick Product — Iron Ore — Building Stone 631-636 

CHAPTER VI. 

EARLY SETTLERS— THEIR HARDSHIPS. 

McDonough County Pioneers and Problems They Had to Meet — Hard- 
ships of the Emigrants' Journey — Reminiscences of a Pioneer — Build- 
ing and Furnishing a Pioneer Home — Breaking the Prairie Sod — 
The Cold Winter and Deep Snow of 1830-31 — Sudden Freeze of 1832 
— Food and Clothing Problems — Black Hawk War — Experience of a 
California Gold-seeker — Chills and Fever Troubles — Crops and Busi- 
ness Methods — "Wild-cat" Currency and Produce Prices — Average 
Log House and its Domestic Life — Amusements — Wages — Live-stock 
Prices- — Absence of Labor-saving ^Machinery — Contrast Presented bv 
Present Conditions 636-642 

CHAPTER VII. 

POLITICAL. 

State Officers — List of Governors With Terms of Office — Lieutenant- 
Governors and Secretaries of State — United States Senators — Con- 
gressional Districts of which McDonough County Has Formed a Part 
— List of Representatives for Same Districts in Congress — Legisla- 
tive Apportionments and List of State Senators and Representatives. 642-647 

CHAPTER VIII. 

COURT AND BAR OF McDONOUGH COUNTY. 

Judges Who Have Presided in McDonough Circuit Courts — Personal 
History of Prominent Justices — Richard M. Young, Stephen A. 
Douglas, Pinkney H. Walker, Chauncey L. Higbee and Others — 
List of State's Attorneys — Circuit Court Clerks — Sheriffs — Pres- 
ent Members of the County Bar — Sketch of Cyrus Walker — Other 
Notable Lawyers of an Early Period 648-653 

CHAPTER IX. 

TOWNSHIP HISTORY. 

Township Organization in 1857 — Original List of Townships and Sub- 
sequent Changes — Individual Township History — Early Settlers and 
Date of Settlement — Characteristics of Soil and Agricultural Con- 
ditions — Early Marriages, Births and Deaths — Early Schools and 
Churches — Present Conditions and Evidence of Three-quarters of a 
Century's Growth 653-671 



CHAPTER X. 

CITIES, TOWNS AND VILLAGES. 

City of IMacoml) — John Baker the First Settler — First Election of 
County Officers in 1830 — Act of the Legislature Establishing the 
County-seat — Present Area and Territory Embraced in City Limits — • 
City Iiict)rporated in 1856 — Population, Public Buildings and Business 
Enterprises — Some Early Documentary History — Cities of Bushnell 
and Colchester — Villages of Prairie City, Bardolph, Industry, Good 
Hope, Sciota, Blandinsville, New Philadelphia, Tennessee and Colmar 
— Business Concerns, Schools and Churches — Some Abandoned 
Villages 671-680 

CHAPTER XI. 

RAILROADS. 

Primitive History of Railroad Enterprises in McDonough County — 
Struggle to Secure the Construction of the First Line — The Northern 
Cross Railroad Develops into a Part of the Chicago, Burlington & 
Quincy — Subscription of Stock \'oted by the Citizens of AIcDonough 
County — Some of the Early Promoters — Southern Section of the 
Road Completed to Macomb in 1855 — Its Influence upon the Land 
\'alues — Other Railroad Enterprises — The Toledo, Peoria & Western, 
the Rockford, Rock Island & St. Louis and the Macomb & Western 
Lines — Sections of the County Which They Penetrate 681-863 

CHAPTER XII. 

BANKING INSTITUTIONS. 

List of National. State and Private Banks in McDonough County — 

Date of Organization, Present Officers, etc 683-685 

CHAPTER XIII. 

EDUCATION— SCHOOLS AND LIBRARIES. 

Early Schools in McDonough County — Scarcity of Competent Teachers 
— Days of the Log School House and the Pioneer Teacher — Early 
Text-books — A Teacher's Contract — Beginning of the Free School 
System — First Macomb School — Public Schools by Town.ship and 
Districts — Macomb and Bushnell City Schools — Attempts to P'ound 
Higher Institutions — McDonough College, Normal and Scientific 
Schools, and Macomb Female Seminary — Western Illinois State 
Normal School — Present Board of Trustees and Teaching Faculty — 
Sunday School Statistics — Libraries — Reminiscences of an Early 
Teacher 685-700 



CHAPTER XIV. 

THE Mcdonough county press. 

History of McDonough County Newspapers — First Newspaper Estab- 
lished in 185 1 — Some News Items of that Period — The Macomb En- 
terprise and Macomb Journal — Other Macomb City Journals and Alen 
Who Have Been Identified with Their History — B. R. Hampton, the 
Hainlines and Others — Colchester, Bushnell, Prairie City, Blandins- 
ville. Good Hope, Bardolph and Industry Journals — Growth of the 
McDonough County Press in the Past Fifty Years ^. . . . 700-705 

CHAPTER XV. 

MORMONISM— THE MORMON WAR. 

Coming of the Mormons to Illinois — Origin and Growth of the Sect — 
The Career of Joseph Smith — Settlement at Nauvoo — Arrogance of 
the Leaders and its Effect Upon the People — Gov. Ford's Account of 
the Arrest of Joseph and Hyrum Smith — Their Murder bv a Mob in 
the Hancock County Jail — The Mormon War and the Hegira to Utah 
— The Old Jail now the Property of the "Latter Day Saints" — 
William R. Hamilton's Account of the Murder of Smith and Fol- 
lowing Events — .\ Sermon by Brigham Young — List of the Carthage 
Grays and Roster of Troops from McDonough County 705-717 

CHAPTER XVI. 

MILITARY HISTORY. 

McDonough County Patriotism — The Winnebago and Black Hawk Wars 
— Soldiers from McDonough County Who Served During the Latter — 
The War of the Rebellion — Causes Which Led Up to That Struggle 
— The Fall of Ft, Sumter and Lincoln's First Call for Volunteers — 
Patriotic Response of McDonough County — Military Organizations 
of Which McDonough County Volunteers Formed a Part — List of 
Officers and Privates with Battles in Which They Participated — A 
Reminiscence of the Surrender of Vicksburg — McDonough County 
"Roll of Honor" — Soldiers' Monument and its Dedication — Mexican 
and Spanish-American Wars 717-744 

CHAPTER XVII. 

MUNICIPAL AFFAIRS— PUBLIC UTILITIES. 

Municipal Government — Macomb Village and City Charters — List of 
Mayors. Aldermen and Other City Officials — Public Utilities — Water 
Works — Fire Department — List of Officers and Members — Electric 
Light and Gas Plant — Present Officers — Telegraph and Telephone 
Service 744-;749 



CHAPTER XVTTT. 

PUBLIC BUILDINGS. 

McDonough County's First Court House a Primitive Log Cabin Erected 
at a Cost of $69.50 — A Second Building Completed in 1834 and Serves 
for Over Thirty Years — It Becomes Unsafe in the Early 'Si.xties and 
the Present Building is Projected in 1868 — A Tie-up on the Question 
of Macomb's Contributit)n to the Cost — The Issue Solved by the Gen- 
erosity of a Macomb Business Man — Cost of the Building, Furnish- 
ings and Accompaniments, as Finished in 1872, $155.370 — Descrip- 
tion of the Building — First Jail Erected in 1833-34 — Description of 
the Present Jail, Completed in 1876 — County Almshouse 749-752 

CHAPTER XIX. 

EARLY CHURCHES. 

Elder John Logan Preaches the First Sermon in McDonough County 
in 1828 — Baptist Church Founded in 1831 — Other Baptist Churches, 
First Members and Pastors — Church of the Disciples Second in Date 
of Organization — Earlv Churches of This Denomination and Their 
Founders — Methodist Churches, Date of Organization and Location 
— Presbvterian Church History — Early Members and Pastors — Cum- 
berland Presbyterians, Congregationalists and Later Baptist Organi- 
zations — Universalist and Reformed Churches — Early Catholic 
Organizations — United Brethren and Lutheran Churches 75-2-759 

CHAPTER XX. 

HOSPITALS. 

The Marietta Phelps Hospital — Suggestion that Led to its Founding — 
Its existence Due to Foresight of Dr. S. C. Stremmel — Beneficent 
Gift of Mrs. Marietta Phelps — Present Board of Managers — St. 
Francis Hospital — Service Rendered by Dr. J. B. Bacon in Securing 
fts Establishment — Sisters of St. Francis in Charge of Nursing De- 
partment — Board of Management 759-7^1 

CHAPTER XXI. 

THE MEDICAL PROFESSION. 

Early Physicians of McDonough County — Primitive Conditions and 
Methods — Earlv Diseases and Remedies — Some Notable Members of 
the Profession — Macomb Hospitals — McDonough County Medical 
Society and its Founders — List of Physicians with Place of Residence. 761-762 

CHAPTER XXII. 

INDUSTRIAL— MANUFACTURES. 

McDonough County .Vgricultural and Mechanical .\ssociation — First 
County Fair in 1855 — History of Subsequent Fairs — Street Fairs — 
Bushnell Fair Association — Manufacturers — Foundries and Other 
Metal Industries — Marble and Granite Works — Pottery and Clay 
Manufacturing Enterprises — Miscellaneous 763-765 



CHAPTER XXIII. 

HOTEL HISTORY. 

Macomb's Historic Hotel — Site of the First Fire — Failure of ^Macomb's 
First Bank — The Old Randolph House and its Builder — Distinguished 
Men Who were its Guests — A Memorable Conference with Abraham 
Lincoln- — Taking of a Lincoln Portrait — Reminiscences of a Repub- 
lican Rally in 1858 — Other Noted Visitors — Last Slaves in McDon- 
ough County Sheltered There — Early and Later Day Hostelries — A 
Primitive Tavern — Scale of Prices — Ministers in the Liqour Trade — 
Flotel Chandler and the Williams House, of Macomb — Bushnell, 
Blandinsville, Prairie City, Sciota, Colchester, Tennessee, Industrv 
and Bardolpli Hotels 765-769 

CHAPTER XXIV. 

POLITICAL CAMPAIGNS AND POETRY. 

Political Campaigns of Fifty Years .A.go — First Republican Campaign for 
President — Fremont Third in the List in McDonough County — Some 
Local Incidents of That Campaign — Lincoln-Douglas Debate of 
1858 — The "Rail-splitter's Campaign" of i860 — Women Paraders, 
Brass Bands and Glee Clubs — Campaign Songs of i860, '44 and '48. . 769-773 

CHAPTER XXV. 

SLAVERY DAYS— UNDERGROUND RAILROAD. 

The Black Laws of Illinois — Revolution Wrought by the Fugitive Slave 
Law and Kansas-Nebraska Act — The Vote for Lincoln in i860 — 
Days of the Underground Railroad in McDonough County and Some 
of its Most Active Operators — The Story of the Slave Charley — 
His Numerous Attempts to Rescue His Family from Slaverv Finally 
Prove Successful — Other Incidents of L'nderground Railroad Work — 
Experience of an Ex-Slave in Connection with the Public Schools — 
The Last Slaves on McDonough Soil and the L^nsuccessful Attempt 
to Return Them to Their Masters 773-779 

CHAPTER XXVI. 

OLD SETTLERS— OLD TIME TALES. 

The McDonough County Pioneer Club — It has its Origin in Chance 
Meetings of Old Settlers — Formal Organization Takes Place in 1905 
— List of Members — Story of an Indian Suicide — Alleged Treasure 
Yet Unfound — A Reminiscence of the Black Hawk War — How 
Lincoln Got His Troops Over a Fence — A Joke on Judge C. L. 
Higbee 780-785 

CHAPTER XXVII. 

NOTED VISITORS AND RESIDENTS. 

Distinguished Men Who Have Visited McDonough County — Ulysses 
S. Grant, Andrew Johnson, Rutherford B. Hayes, William McKinley 



and Theodore Roosevelt on the List — Lincohi, Douglas, Col. E. D. 
Baker, Lyman Trumbull, Schuyler Colfax, Tom Corvvin, Richard 
J. Oglesby, War Governor Richard Yates, Shelby M. Cullom and 
Others Who Have Addressed McDonough County Audiences — List 
of Noted Local Residents 785-787 

CHAPTER XXVHL 

FRATERNAL ORGANIZATIONS— CLUBS. 

Secret and Social Organizations in McDonough County — Masonic and 
Kindred Orders — Knights Templar and Royal Arch-Masons — Inde- 
pendent Order of Odd Fellows — Knights of Pythias — Grand Army of 
the Republic and Woman's Relief Corps — Miscellaneous Orders — 
Religious, Social and Business Clubs 787-795 

CHAPTER XXIX. 

CRIMINAL HISTORY— NOTED MURDERS. 

The Dye Murder Case — The McFadden Murderers Pay the Life Penalty 
— A Civil War ^Murder — The Edmonson Murder — The Maxwell Out- 
Laws and Their Numerous Crimes — Jails and Jail Escapes — Killing 
of a Boy Prisoner — Other Items of Local Crime History 795-805 

CHAPTER XXX. 

BIOGRAPHICAL. 

Citizens of McDonough County — The Part of Biography in General 
Historv — Personal Sketches of Citizens of IMcDonough County — 
(These Sketches being arranged in alphabetical or encyclopedic order, 
no list of Individual Subjects is deemed necessary in this connection. 807-1055 



PORTRAITS 



Page 

Adcock, Joseph T 630 

Alexander, Samuel J 624 

Andrews, Sarah 638 

Andrews, Thomas 638 

Arvin, James 633 

Atherton, Amelia 638 

Atherton, William B 636 

Bacon, Joseph B 643 

Beeley, John A 644 

Bennett, George 648 

Bennett, John R 650 

Bennett, Mrs. John R 653 

Bennett, Maria L 648 

Bennett, Matilda B 648 

Binnie, Andrew 656 

Bolles, Edgar 658 

Boyd, Isaac N 662 

Brinton, Edward D 666 

Brinton, Mrs. Edward D 666 

Brooking, Thomas A 672 

Brooking, William T 668 

Brooking, Mrs. William T 670 

Burpee, George W 682 

Byers, Bessie 694 

Byers, Earl M (i93 

Campbell, J. James 700 

Campbell, James M 700 

Chandler, Charles V 698 

Cline, Andrew J 704 

Cline, Isaac 704 

Cline, Martha 704 

Cline, Thomas 704 

Cole, Emory 713 

Cole, George M 714 

Cole, George W 718 

Cole, James 720 

Compton, William A 724 

Conwell, Charles 728 

Conwell, Mrs. Charles 728 

Craiii, Samuel L 730 

Crain, Mrs. Samuel L 730 



Page 

Cumniings, James H 733 

Eads, Albert 736 

Elting, John 742 

Elting, Philip E 746 

Elting, Philip H 744 

Flack, Charles W 764 

Franklin, William J 770 

Gamage, George 773 

Gamage, Mrs. George 774 

George, Jacob 778 

George, Mrs. Jacob 778 

Graham, Henry H 788 

Griffith, John C 786 

Group of Old Settlers 780 

Hainline, William H 792 

Hamilton, George W 794 

Hamilton, Martha A 796 

Hampton, Van L 800 

Hanson, Amaziah 802 

Hanson, Eliza F 804 

Harlan, George T 808 

Harlan, Talitha C 810 

Harris, James, Jr 814 

Harris, Jonas R 816 

Havens, Albert 824 

Havens, Catharine A 833 

Havens, Henry 830 

Hays, James V 828 

Hays, James W 830 

Head, Bigger 834 

Head, Mrs. Bigger 836 

Horrocks, Abraham 840 

Hudson, James 844 

Hungate, John H 846 

Huston, George B 854 

Huston, John 850 

Huston, Preston 852 

Tmes. Charles I 858 

Irish, Benjamin F 860 

Jarvis, Edward T 864 



Page 

Johnson, Joseph N 866 

Johnson, Mary E 866 

Jones, Darius 870 

Jones, Mrs. Darius 872 

Kee, Edith E 876 

Kee, Samuel 878 

Kelly, John M 882 

Kenner, William L '. 884 

Kirk, Thomas D 888 

Kirk, Mrs. Thomas D 890 

Kirkpatrick, Millard T 894 

Lawyer, Joseph F 896 

Lawyer, Mrs. Joseph F 898 

Leighty, Henry S 900 

Leighty, Mrs. Henry S 902 

Leighty, Mark D. and Family 904 

Le Master, Benjamin E 906 

Le Matty, Joseph B 908 

Lentz, Francis G 910 

Lindsey, .-Mbert 914 

Lindsey, .\lice 914 

Lipe, William M 916 

Little, James M 912 

Little, Mrs. James M 912 

Mariner, Henry 91S 

Maxwell, Fred H 920 

McDonald, Josiah 930 

McLean, Alexander 617 

Mickey, J. Ross 922 

Munger, John D 924 

Munger, Mrs. John D 926 

Neece, Mary 932 

Newland, Abraham 934 

Newland, Annie 936 

Oblander, John V 938 

Pearson, Isaac N 940 

Peasley, James O 942 

Pech, Washington J 944 

Phelps, Marietta 758 

Pinckly, Mack M 946 

Pontious, Byron 950 

Pontious, Ralph W 950 

Randolph, Benjamin F 954 



Page 

Rexroat. Granville R 956 

Rexroat, Mrs. Granville R 958 

Rexroat, J. M. and Family 960 

Roark, James 962 

Scott, Joshua H 964 

Seem, Josiah K 968 

Seem, Mrs. JoLiah K 968 

Seibert, Theodore F 970 

Smith, Ulysses G 972 

Staley, Mrs. N. A 976 

Staley, William 974 

Stire, Richard 990 

Stocker, Lorenz L 980 

Stremmel, Samuel C 984 

Sullivan, Thomas D 988 

Sweeney, Charles P. and Family 992 

Terrill, David E 998 

Terrill, Henry 996 

Terrill Thomas 994 

The Pioneer Club 782 

Thomas, .Vnna W 1004 

Thomas, James B 1002 

Tiernan, Patrick II 1008 

Tinsley. Nathaniel P 1010 

Townley, Clarence S 1012 

Truman, Herbert H 1020 

Truman, John G 1016 

Truman. Jonathan II 1014 

Truman, Wright E 1018 

Tunnicliff, Damon G 1024 

Twyman, Henry C 1026 

Upp, Nelson 1028 

Walker, Cyrus 1030 

Warner, Alfred 1032 

Westfall, Alonzo M 1034 

Westfall, Frank K 1036 

Wilson, Adeline L 1040 

Wilson, Hugh and Family 1042 

Wilson, John O. C 1038 

Wright, Charles H 1044 

Yard, Thomas C 1046 

Yard, Mrs. Thomas C 1048 

Yetter, Fred L 1050 



ILLUSTRATIONS 



Page 

Almshouse 750 

Calaboose, Macomb, 1840 75O 

Christian Church, Macomb 756 

County Jail, Macomb, 1S76 75O 

Court House, Carthage 706 

Court House, Macomb, 1836 748 

Court House, Macomb, 1872 748 

Douglas School, Macomb 688 

First Baptist Church, Macomb 754 

First M. E. Church, Macomb 756 

First National Bank, Bushnell 676 

First Presbyterian Church, Macomb 756 

Grant School, Macomb 688 

High School, Bushnell 688 

Hotel Chandler, Macomb 766 

James Cole Flats. Bushnell 678 

Lincoln School, Macomb 688 

Logan School, Macomb 688 

Log Cabin, 1835 674 

Map of McDonough County 617 

M. E. Church, Macomb, 1856 750 

Marietta Phelps Hospital, Macomb : 758 

Old Jail, Carthage 706 

Old Jail, Carthage (Floor Plans) 708 

Public Library, Macomb 684 

Public Square. Macomb. N, E. Corner 674 

Public Square, Macomb. S. E. Corner 674 

Randolph House. Macomb 766 

Residence of Mack M. Pinckly. Bushnell 948 

Soldiers Monument. Macomb 740 

St. Francis Hospital. Macomb 760 

St. George's Episcop.-il Church. Macomb 756 

Truman Pioneer Stud Farm, Bushnell 1022 

Universalist Church. Macomb 754 

Western Illinois Normal School. Macomb 084 

West Side School, Bushnell 688 



Historical Eiicj^clopedia of Illinois. 



ABBOTT, (Lient.-Gov.) Edward, a British 
officer, wlio was coniinainlant at Post Vincennes 
(called by the British, Fort Sackville) at the 
time Col. George Rogers Clark captured Kaskas- 
kia in 1778. Abbott's jurisdiction extended, at 
least nominally, over a part of the "Illinois 
Country. ' ' Ten days after the occupation of Kas- 
kaskia, Colonel Clark, having learned that 
Abbott had gone to the British headquai'ters at 
Detroit, leaving the Post without any guard 
except that furnished by the inhabitants of the 
village, took advantage of his absence to send 
Pierre Gibault. the Catholic Vicar-General of Illi- 
nois, to win over the people to the American 
cause, which he did so successfully that they at 
once took the oath of allegiance, and the Ameri- 
can flag was run up over the fort. Although 
Fort Sackville afterwards fell into the hands of 
the British for a time, the manner of its occupa- 
tion was as much of a surprise to the British as 
that of Kaskaskia itself, and contributed to the 
completeness of Clark's triumph. (See Clark, 
Col. George Rogers, also, Gibault, Pierre.) Gov- 
ernor Abbott seems to have been of a more 
hmuane character than the mass of British 
officers of liis day, as he wrote a letter to General 
Carleton aliout this time, protesting strongly 
against the employment of Indians in carrying 
on warfare against the colonists on the frontier, 
on the ground of humanity, claiming that it was 
a detriment to the British cause, although he 
was overruled by his superior officer. Colonel 
Hamilton, in the steps soon after taken to recap- 
ture Vincennes. 

ABINGDON, second city in size in KnoxCounty, 
at the junction of the Iowa Central and the 
Chicago. Burlington & Quincy Railroads; 10 
miles south of Galesburg, with which it is con- 
nected by electric car line; has city waterworks, 
electric light plant, wagon works, brick and tile 
works, sash, blind and swing factories, two banks, 



three weekly papers, public library, fine high 
school building and two ward schools. Hedding 
College, a flourishing institution, under auspices 
of tlie M. E. Church, is located here. Population 
(1900). 2.022; (est. 1904), 3,000. 

ACCAULT, Michael (Ak-ko), French explorer 
and companion of La Salle, who came to the 
"Illinois Country" in 1780, and accompanied 
Hennepin when the latter descended the Illinois 
Ri^•er to its mouth and then ascended the Mis- 
sissippi to the vicinity of the present city of St. 
Paul, where they were captured by Sioux. They 
were rescued by Grej'solon Dulhut (for whom 
the city of Duluth was named), and having dis- 
covered the Falls of St. Anthony, returned to 
Green Bay. (See Hennepin.) 

ACKERMAN, William K., Railway President 
and financier, was born in New York City, Jan. 
29, 1832, of Knickerbocker and Revolutionary 
ancestry, his grandfather, Abraham D. Acker- 
man, having served as Captain of a company of 
the famous "Jersey Blues," participating with 
"Mad" Anthonj' Wayne in the storming of Stony 
Point during the Revolutionary War, while his 
father served as Lieutenant of Artillery in the 
War of 1812. After receiving a high school edu- 
cation in New York, Mr. Ackerman engaged in 
mercantile business, but in 18.52 became a clerk 
in the financial department of the Illinois Central 
Railroad. Coming to Chicago in the service of 
the Company in 1860, he successively filled the 
positions of Secretary, Auditor and Treasurer, 
imtil July, 1876, when he was elected Vice-Presi- 
dent and a year later promoted to the Presidency, 
voluntarily retiring from thi.s jxi-sition in August, 
1883, though serving some time longer in the 
capacity of Vice-President. During the progress 
of the World's Columbian Exposition at Chicago 
(1892-93) Mr. Ackerman served as Auditor of the 
Exposition, and was City Comptroller of Chicago 
under the administration of Mayor Hopkins 



10 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLIXOIS. 



(1893-95). He is an active member of tlie Chicago 
Historical Society, and has rendered valuable 
service to railroad history by tlie issue of two bro- 
chures on the "Early History of Illinois Rail- 
roads," and a "Historical Sketch of the Illinois 
Central Railroad." 

ADAMS, John, LL.D., educator and philan- 
thropist, was born at Canterbury, Conn., Sept. 18, 
1772; graduated at Yale College in 179.5; taught 
for several years in his native place, in Plain- 
field, N. J., and at Colchester, Conn. In 1810 he 
became Principal of Phillips Academy at An- 
dover, Mass., remaining there twenty-tliree 
years. In addition to his educational duties lie 
participated in the organization of several great 
charitable associations which attained national 
importance. On retiring from Phillips Academy 
in 1833, he removed to Jacksonville, 111., where, 
four years afterward, lie became the tliird Prin- 
cipal of Jacksonville Female Academy, remaining 
six years. He then became Agent of the Ameri- 
can Sunday School Union, in the course of the 
next few years founding several liundred Sunday 
Schools in different parts of the State. He re- 
ceived the degree of LL.D. from Yale College in 
1854. Died in Jacksonville, April 34, 1863. The 
subject of tliis sketch was fatlier of Dr. William 
Adams, for forty years a prominent Presbyterian 
clergyman of New York and for seven years (1873- 
80) President of Union Theological Seminarj'. 

ADAMS, John McGregor, manufacturer, was 
born at Londonderry, N. H., March 11, 1834, the 
son of Rev. John R. Adams, who served as Chap- 
lain of the Fifth Maine and One Himdred and 
Twenty- first New York Volunteers during the 
Civil War. Mr. Adams was educated at Gorliam, 
Me., and Andover, Mass., after which, going to 
New York City, he engaged as clerk in a dry- 
goods house at $150 a year. He next entered the 
office of Clark & Jessup, hardware manufacturers, 
and in 1858 came to Chicago to represent the 
house of Morris K. Jessup & Co. He thus became 
associated with the late John Crerar, the firm of 
Jessup & Co. being finally merged into that of 
Crerar, Adams & Co., which, with the Adams Sc 
Westlake Co., have done a large bu.sine.ss in the 
manufacture of railway supplies. Since the 
death of Mr. Crerar, Mr. Adams lias been princi- 
pal manager of the concern's vast manufacturing 
business. 

ADAMS, (Dr.) Samuel, physician and edu- 
cator, was born at Brunswick, Jle. . Dec. 19, 1806, 
and educated at Bowdoin College, where lie 
graduated in both the departments of literature 
and of medicine. Then, having practiced as a 



pliysician several years, in 1838 he assumed the 
chair of Natural Philosophy, Chemistry and 
Natural History in Illinois College at Jackson- 
ville, 111. From 1843 to 1845 he was also Pro- 
fessor of Materia Medica and Therapeutics in the 
Medical Department of the same institution, and, 
during his connection with the College, gave 
instruction at different times in nearly every 
branch embraced in the college curriculum, 
including the French and German languages. 
Of uncompromising firmness and invincible cour- 
age in his adherence to principle, he was a man 
of singular modesty, refinement and amiability 
in private life, winning the confidence and esteem 
of all with whom he came in contact, especially 
the students who came under his instruction. A 
profound and thorough scholar, he possessed a 
refined and exalted literary taste, which was 
illustrated in occasional contributions to scien- 
tific and literary periodicals. Among productions 
of liis pen on philosophic topics may be enumer- 
ated articles on "The Natural History of Man in 
his Scriptural Relations;" contributions to the 
"Biblical Repository" (1844); "Auguste Comte 
and Positivism" ("New Englander, " 1873), and 
"Herbert Spencer's Proposed Reconciliation be- 
tween Religion and Science" ("New Englander," 
1875). His connection with Illinois College con- 
tinued until his death, April, 1877 — a period of 
more than thirty-eight years. A monument to 
his memory has been erected through the grate- 
ful donations of his former pupils. 

ADAMS, George Everett, lawyer and ex-Con- 
gressman, born at Keene, N. H., June 18, 1840; 
was educated at Harvard College, and at Dane 
Law School, Cambridge, Mass., graduating at the 
former in 1860. Early in life he settled in Chi- 
cago, where, after some time spent as a teacher 
in tlie Chicago High School, he engaged in the 
practice of his profession. His first post of pub- 
lic responsibility was that of State Senator, to 
which he was elected in 1880. In 1882 he was 
chosen, as a Republican, to represent the Fourth 
Illinois District in Congress, and re-elected in 
1884, "86 and '88. In 1890 he was again a candi- 
date, but was defeated by Walter C. Newberry. 
He is one of the Trustees of the Newberry 
Lilirar}-. 

ADAMS, James, pioneer lawyer, was born in 
Hartford, Conn., Jan. 26, 1803; taken to Oswego 
County, N. Y., in 1809, and, in 1821, removed to 
Springfield, 111., being the first lawyer to locate 
in the future State capital. He enjoyed an ex- 
tensive practice for the time; in 1823 was elected 
a Justice of the Peace, took part in the Winne- 



IIISTOlilCAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



11 



bago and Black Hawk wars, was elected Probate 
Judge ill liS41, and died in office, August 11, 184;!. 

ADAMS COUNTY, an extreme wester!}- county 
of the State, situated about midway between its 
northern and southern extremities, and bounded 
on the west by the Missi-ssippi River. It was 
organized in 1825 and named in honor of John 
Quincy Adams, the name of Quincy being given 
to the county seat. The United States Census of 
1890 places its area at 830 sq. m. and its popula- 
tion at 61,888. The soil of the (xxinty is fertile 
and well watered, the surface diversified and 
liilly, especially along the Mississiiipi bluffs, and 
its climate equable. The wealth of the county is 
largely derived from agriculture, although a 
large amount of manufacturing is carried on in 
Quincy. Population (1900), 67,058. 

ADDAMS, John Huy, legislator, was born at 
Sinking Springs, Berks County, Pa., July 12, 
1833; educated at Trappeand Ujiper Dublin, Pa., 
and lejirned the trade of a miller in his youth, 
which he followed in later life. In 1844, Mr. 
Addams came to Illinois, settling at Cedarville, 
Stephenson County, purchased a tract of land 
and built a saw and grist mill on Cedar Creek. 
In 1854 he was elected to the State Senate from 
Stephenson County, serving continuously in that 
body by successive re-elections until 1870 — first as 
a Whig and afterwards as a Republican. In 1865 
he established the Second National Bank of Free- 
port, of which he continued to be the president 
until his death, August 17, 1881. — Miss Jane 
( Addams), philanthropist, the founder of the "Hull 
House," Cliicago, is a daughter of Mr. Addams. 

ADDISON, village, Du Page County; seat of 
Evangelical Lutheran College, Normal School 
and Orphan Asylum ; has State Bank, stores and 
public school. Pop. (1900), 591; (1904), 614. 

AD J UT ANTS-GENERAL. The office of Adju- 
tant-General for the State of Illinois was first 
created by Act of the Legislature, Feb. 2, 186.5. 
Previous to the War of tlie Rebellion the position 
was rather honorary than otherwise, its duties 
(except during the Black Hawk War) and its 
emoluments Ijeing alike unimportant. The in- 
cumlient was simply the Chief of the Governor's 
Staff. In 1801, the post became one of no small 
imi)ortance. Those who held the office during 
the Territorial period were: Elias Rector, Robert 
Morrison, Benjamin Stephenson and Wm. Alex- 
ander. After the admission of Illinois as a State 
up to the teginning of the Civil War, the duties 
(which were almost wholly nominal) were dis- 
charged by Wm. Alexander, 1819 21 ; Elijah C. 
Berry, 1821-28; James W. Berry,' 1828-39; Mose.s 



K. Anderson, 1839-57; Thomas S. Mather, 18.58-61. 
In November, 1861, Col. T. S. Mather, wlio li.-id held 
tlie position for three years previous, resigned to 
enter active service, and Judge Allen C. Fuller 
was appointed, remaining in office until January 
1, 1865. The first appointee, under the act of 
1865, was Isham N. Haynie, who held office 
until his death in 1869. The Legislature of 1869, 
taking into consideration that all the Illinois 
volunteers had been mustered out, and that the 
duties of the Adjutant-General had lieen materi- 
ally lessened, reduced the proportions of tlie 
department and curtailed the appropriation for 
its .support. Since the adoption of the militaty 
code of 1877, the Adjutant-General's office has 
occupied a more important and conspicuous posi- 
tion among the departments of the State govern- 
ment. The following is a list of those who have 
held office since General Haynie, witli the date 
and duration of their respective terms of office: 
Hubert Dilger, 1869-73; Edwin L. Higgins, 
1873-75; Hiram Hilliard, 1875-81; Isaac H. Elliot, 
1881-84; Joseph W. Vance, 1884-93; Albert Oren- 
dorff, 1893-96; C. C. Hilton, 1896-97; Jasper N. 
Reece, 1897 — . 

AGRICULTURE. Illinois ranks high as an 
agricultural State. A large area in the eastern 
portion of the State, becaiLse of the absence of 
timber, was called by the early settlers "the 
Grand Prairie." Upon and along a low ridge 
beginning in Jackson County and running across 
the State is the prolific fruit-growing district of 
Southern Illinois. The bottom lands extending 
from C^iro to the mouth of the Illinois River are 
of a fertility seemingly inexhaustible. The cen- 
tral portioii of the State is best adapted to corn, 
and the southern and southwestern to the culti- 
vation of winter wheat. Nearly three-fourths of 
the entire State — some 42,000 square miles — is up- 
land prairie, well suited to the raising of cereals. 
In the value of its oat crop Illinois leads all the 
States, that for 1891 being §31,106,674, with 3,068,- 
930 acres imder cultivation. In the production 
of corn it ranks next to Iowa, the last census 
(1890) showing 7,014,330 acres under cultivation, 
and the value of tlie crop being estimated at 
§86,905,510. In wheat-rai.sing it ranked seventli, 
although the annual average value of the crop 
from 1880 to 1890 was a little less than $29,000,- 
000. As a live-stock State it leads in the value of 
horses ($83,000,000), ranks second in the produc- 
tion of swine ($30,000,000), third in cattle-growing 
($32,000,000), and fourtli in dairy products, the 
value of milch cows being estimated at $24,000,- 
000. (See also Farmers' Institute.) 



12 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



AGRICULTURE, DEPARTMEXT OF. A 

department of the State administration which 
grew out of the organization of the Illinois Agri- 
cultural Society, incorporated by Act of the 
Legislatui'e in 1853. The first appropriation from 
the State treasury for its maintenance was 81,000 
per anniun, "to be expended in the promotion of 
mechanical and agricultural arts." The first 
President was James N. Brown, of Sangamon 
County. Simeon Francis, also of Sangamon, was 
the first Recording Secretary ; John A. Kennicott 
of Cook, first Corresponding Secretary ; and John 
Williams of Sangamon, first Treasurer. Some 
thirty volumes of reports have been issued, cover- 
ing a variety of topics of vital interest to agri- 
culturists. The department has well equipped 
offices in the State House, and is charged with 
the conduct of State Fairs and the management 
of annual exhibitions of fat stock, besides the 
collection and dis.semination of statistical and 
other information relative to the State's agri- 
cultural interests. It receives annual reports 
from all County Agricultural Societies. The 
State Board consists of three genei'al officers 
(President, Secretary and Treasurer) and one 
representative from each Congressional district. 
The State appropriates some $30,000 annually for 
the prosecution of its work, besides which there 
is a considerable income from receipts at State 
Fairs and fat stock shows. Between §20,000 and 
§25,000 per annum is disbursed in premiums to 
competing exhibitors at the State Fairs, and some 
§10,000 divided among County Agricultural 
Societies holding fairs. 

AKERS, Peter, I). D., Methodist Episcopal 
clergyman, born of Presbj'terian parentage, in 
Campbell County, Va., Sept. 1, 1790; was edu- 
cated in the common schools, and, at the age 
of 16, began teaching, later pursuing a classical 
course in institutions of Virginia and North 
Carolina. Having removed to Kentucky, after a 
brief season spent in teaching at Mount Sterling 
in that State, he began the study of law and was 
admitted to the bar in 1817. Two years later he 
began the publication of a paper called "The 
Star," which was continued for a short time. In 
1821 he was converted and joined the Methodist 
church, and a few months later began preaching. 
In 1832 he removed to Illinois, and, after a year 
spent in work as an evangelist, lie assumed the 
Presidency of McKendree College at Lebanon, 
remaining during 1833-34; then established a 
"manual labor school" near Jacksonville, which 
he maintained for a few years. Fi-om 1837 to 
1852 was spent as stationed minister or Presiding 



Elder at Springfield, Quincy and Jacksonville. In 
the latter year he was again appointed to the 
Presidency of McKendree College, where he 
remained five years. He was then (1857) trans- 
ferred to the Minnesota Conference, but a year 
later was compelled by declining health to a.ssume 
a .superannuated relation. Returning to Illinois 
about 1865, he served as Presiding Elder of the 
Jacksonville and Pleasant Plains Districts, but 
was again compelled to accept a superannuated 
relation, making Jacksonville his home, where 
he died, Feb. 21, 1886. While President of Mc- 
Kendree College, he published his work on "Bil> 
lical Chronology," to which he had devoted many 
previous years of his life, and whieli gave evi- 
dence of great learning and vast research. Dr. 
Akers was a man of profound convictions, exten- 
sive learning and great eloquence. As a pulpit 
orator and logician he probably had no superior 
in the State during the time of his most active 
service in the denomination to which he belonged. 

AKIX, Edward C, lawyer and Attorney-Gen- 
eral, was born in Will County, 111., in 1852, and 
educated in the public schools of Joliet and at Ann 
Arbor, Mich. For four years he was paying and 
receiving teller in the First National Bank of 
Joliet, but was admitted to the bar in 1878 and 
has continued in active jjractice since. In 1887 he 
entered upon his political career as the Republi- 
can candidate for City Attorney of Joliet, and was 
elected by a majority of over 700 votes, although 
the city was usually Democratic. The follow- 
ing year he was the candidate of his party for 
State's Attorney of Will County, and was again 
elected, leading the State and county ticket by 
800 votes — being re-elected to the same office in 
1892. In 1895 he was the Republican nominee 
for Mayor of Joliet, and, although opposed by a 
citizen's ticket headed by a Republican, was 
elected over his Democratic competitor by a deci- 
sive majority. His greatest popular triumph was 
in 1896, when he was elected Attorney-General 
on the Republican State ticket by a plurality 
over his Democratic opponent of 132,248 and a 
majority over all competitors of 111,255. His 
legal abilities are recognized as of a very high 
order, while his personal popularity is indicated 
by his uniform success as a candidate, in the 
face, at times, of strong political majorities. 

ALBANY, a village of Whiteside County, lo- 
cated on the Mississijjpi River and the Chicago, 
Milwaukee & St. Paul Railway (Rock Island 
branch). Population (1890), 611; (1900), 621. 

ALBION, county-seat of Edwards County, 
on Southern Railway, midway between St. Louis 




EXPERIMENT FARM (THE VINEYARD) UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS. 




EXPERIMENT FARM (ORCHARD CULTIVATION) UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS. 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



13 



anil Louisville; seat of Soutliern Collegiate In- 
stitute; has plant for manufacture of vitrified 
shale paving brick, two newspapers, creamery, 
flouring mills, and is important shipping point 
for live stock; is in a rich fruit-growing district; 
has avo churches and splendid public schools. 
Population (1900). 1,162; (est. 1904), 1,.500. 

ALCORN, Jaiue.'i Liink, was born near Gol- 
conda. 111., Nov. 4, ISlfi; early went South and 
held various offices in Kentucky and Mississippi, 
including member of the Legislature in each; 
was a member of the Mississippi State Conven- 
tions of IS,")! and 1861, and by the latter appointed 
a Brigadier-General in the Confederate service, 
but refused a commission by Jefferson Davis 
because his fidelity to the rebel cause was 
doubted. At the close of the war he was one of 
the first to accept the reconstruction policy ; was 
elected United States Senator from Mississippi in 
1865, but not admitted to his seat. In 1869 he 
was chosen Governor as a Republican, and two 
years later elected United States Senator, serving 
until 1877. Died, Dec. 30, 1894. 

ALDRICH, J. Frank, Congressman, was born 
at Two Rivers, Wis , April 6, 18.')3, the son of 
William Aldrich, who afterwards became Con- 
gressman from Chicago ; was brought to Chicago 
in 1861, attended the public schools and the Chi- 
cago University, and graduated from the Rensse- 
laer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, N. Y., in 1877, 
receiving the degree of Civil Engineer. Later he 
engaged in the linseed oil business in Chicago. 
Becoming interested in politics, he was elected a 
memter of the Board of County Commissioners 
of Cook County, serving as President of that body 
during the reform period of 1887; was also a 
memlier of the County Board of Education and 
Chairman of the Chicago Citizens' Committee, 
appointed from the various clubs and commer- 
cial organizations of the city, to promote the for- 
mation of the Chicago Sanitary District. Frona 
May 1, 1891, to Jan. 1, 1893, he was Commissioner 
of Public Works for Chicago, when he resigned 
his office, having been elected (Nov., 1892) a 
member of the Fifty-third Congress, on the 
Republican ticket, from the First Congressional 
District; was re-elected in 1894, retiring at the 
close of the Fifty-fourth Congress. In 1898 he 
was appointed to a position in connection with 
the office of Comptroller of the Currency at 
Washington. 

ALDRICH, William, merchant and CongTe.ss- 
man. was born at Greenfield. N. Y., Jan. 20, 1820. 
His early common school training was supple- 
mented by private tuition in higher branches of 



mathematics and in surveying, and by a term in 
an academy. Until he had reached the age of 26 
years he was engaged in farming and teaching, 
but, in 1846, turned his attention to mercantile 
pursuits. In 1851 he removed to Wisconsin, 
where, in addition to merchandising, he engaged 
in the manufacture of furniture and woodenware, 
and where he also lield several important offices, 
being Superintendent of Schools for three years, 
Chairman of the County Board of Supervi.sors 
one year, besides serving one term in the Legisla- 
ture. In 1860 he removed to Chicago, where he 
embarked in the wholesale grocery business. In 
1875 he was elected to the City Council, and, in 
1876, chosen to represent his di.strict (the First) in 
Congress, as a Republican, being re-elected in 1878, 
and again in 1880. Died in Fond du Lac, Wis., 
Dec. 3, 1885. 

ALEDO, county-seat of Mercer County; is in 
the midst of a rich farming and bituminous coal 
region ; fruit-growing and stock-raising are also 
extensively carried on, and large quantities of 
these commodities are shipped here; has two 
newspapers and ample school facilities. Popula- 
tion (1890), 1,601; (1900), 2,081. 

ALEXANDER, John T., agriculturist and 
stock-grower, was born in Western Virginia, 
Sept. 15, 1820; removed with his father, at six 
years of age. to Ohio, and to Illinois in 1848. 
Here he bought a tract of several thou.sand acres 
of land on the Wabash Railroad, 10 miles east of 
Jacksonville, which finally developed into one of 
the richest stock-farms in the State. After the 
war he became the owner of the celebrated 
".Sullivant' farm," comprising some 20,000 acres 
on the Toledo, Peoria & Western Railroad in 
Champaign County, to which he transferred his 
stock interests, and although overtaken by re- 
verses, left a large estate. Died, August 22, 1876. 

ALEX.INDER, Milton K., pioneer, was born in 
Elbert County, Ga., Jan. 23, 1796; emigrated 
with his father, in 1804, to Tennes.see, and, while 
still a boy, enlisted as a soldier in the War of 1812, 
serving under the command of General Jackson 
until the capture of Pensacola, when he entered 
upon the campaign against the Seminoles in 
Florida. In 1823 he removed to Edgar Count}', 
111., and engaged in mercantile and agricultural 
pursuits at Paris; serving also as Postmaster 
there some twenty-five years, and as Clerk of the 
County Commissioners" Court from 1826 to '37. 
In 1826 he was commissioned by Governor Coles, 
Colonel of the Nineteenth Regiment, Illinois 
State Militia; in 1830 was Aide-de-Camp to Gov- 
ernor Reynolds, and, inl832, took part in the Black 



14 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



Hawk War as Brigadier-General of the Second 
Brigade, Illinois Volunteers. On the inception of 
the internal improvement scheme in 1837 he was 
elected by the Legislature a member of the first 
Board of Commissioners of Public Works, serving 
until the Board was aljolished. Died, July 7, 1856. 

ALEXANDER, (Dr.) William M., pioneer, 
came to Southern Illinois previous to the organi- 
zation of Union County (1818), and for some time, 
while practicing his profession as a physician, 
acted as agent of the proprietors of the town of 
America, which was located on the Ohio River, 
on the first high ground above its junction with 
the Mississippi. It became the first countj'-seat 
of Alexander County, which was organized in 
1819, and named in his honor. In 1830 we find 
him a Representative in the Second General 
Assembly from Pope County, and two years later 
Representative from Alexander County, when he 
became Speaker of the House during the session 
of the Third General Assembly. Later, he 
removed to Kaskaskia, but finally went South, 
where he died, though the date and place of his 
death are unknown. 

ALEXANDER COUNTY, the extreme southern 
county of the State, being bounded on the west 
by the Mississipppi, and south and east by the 
Ohio and Caclie rivers. Its area is about 230 
square miles and its population, in 1890, was 16,- 
.063. The first American settlers were Tennessee- 
ans named Bird, who occupied the delta and gave 
it the name of Bird's Point, wliicli, at the date of 
the Civil War (1861-6.')), had been transferred to 
the Missouri shore opposite the mouth of the Ohio. 
Other early settlers were Clark, Kennedy and 
Philips (at Mounds), Conyer and Terrel (at Amer- 
ica), and Humphreys (near Caledonia). In 1818 
Shadrach Bond (afterwards Governor), John G. 
Comyges and others entered a claim for 1800 acres 
in the central and nortliern part of the county, 
and incorporated the "City and Bank of Cairo." 
The history of this enterprise is interesting. In 
1818 (on Comyges' death) the land reverted to the 
Government ; but in 1835 Sidney Breese, David J. 
Baker and Miles A. Gilbert re-entered the for- 
feited bank tract and the title thereto became 
vested in the "Cairo City and Canal Company," 
which was chartered in 1837, and, by purchase, 
extended its holdings to 10,000 acres. The 
county was organized in 1819; the first county- 
seat being America, which was incorporated in 
1830. Population (1900), 19.384. 

ALEXIAN BROTHERS' HOSPITAL, located 
at Chicago; established in 1860, and under the 
management of the Alexian Brothers, a monastic 



order of the Roman Catholic Church. It was 
originally opened in a small frame building, but a 
better edifice was erected in 1868, only to be de- 
stroyed in tlie great fire of 1871. The following 
year, tlirough the aid of private benefactions and 
an appropriation of §18,000 from the Chicago Re- 
lief and Aid Societj", a larger and better hospital 
was built. In 1888 an addition was made, increas- 
ing the accommodation to 150 beds. Only poor 
male patients are admitted, and these are received 
without reference to nationality or religion, and 
absolutely without charge. The present medical 
staff (1896) comprises fourteen physicians and sur- 
geons. In 1890 the close approach of an intra- 
mural transit line having rendered the building 
unfit for hospital purposes, a street railway com- 
pany piu-chased the site and buildings for §250,- 
000 and a new location has been selected. 

ALEXIS, a village of Warren County, on the 
Rock Island & St. Louis Division of the Chicago, 
Burlington & Quincy Railway, 13 miles east of 
north from Monmouth. It has manufactures of 
brick, drain-tile, pottery and agricultural imple- 
ments; is also noted for its Clydesdale horses. 
Population (1880), 398; (1890), 562; (1900), 915. 

ALGONQUINS, a group of Indian tribes. 
Originally their territory extended from about 
latitude 37° to 53° north, and from longitude 25° 
east to 15° west of the meridian of Washington. 
Branches of the stock were found by Cartier in 
Canada, by Smith in Virginia, by the Piu-itans in 
New England and by Catholic missionaries in the 
great basin of the Mississippi. One of tlie prin- 
cipal of their five confederacies embraced the 
IlUnois Indians, who were found within the 
State by the French when the latter discovered 
the country in 1673. They were hereditary foes 
of the warlike Iroquois, by whom their territory 
was repeatedly invaded. Besides the Illinois, 
other tribes of the Algonquin family who origi- 
nally dwelt within the present limits of Illinois, 
were the Foxes, Kickapoos, Miamis, Menominees, 
and Sacs. Although nomadic in their mode of 
life, and subsisting largely on the spoils of the 
chase, the Algonquins were to some extent tillers 
of the soil and cultivated large tracts of maize. 
Various dialects of their language have been 
reduced to grammatical rules, and Eliot's Indian 
Bible is publislied in their tongue. The entire 
Algonquin stock extant is estimated at about 
95.000, of wliom some 35,000 are within the United 
States. 

ALLEN, William Josliua, jurist, was born 
June 9, 1829, in Wilson County, Tenn. ; of Vir- 
ginia ancestry of Scotch-Irish descent. In early 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



15 



infancr he was brougnt by his parents to South- 
ern lUinois, where his father, Willis Allen, be- 
came a Judge and member of Congress. After 
reading law with his father and at the Louisville 
Law School, young Allen was admitted to the 
bar, settling at Metropolis and afterward (1853) 
at his old home, Marion, in Williamson County. 
In 1855 he was apjiointed United States District 
Attorney for Illinois, but resigned in 1859 and re- 
sumed private practice as partner of John A. 
Logan. The same year he was elected Circuit 
Judge to succeed his father, who had died, but he 
declined a re-election. He was a member of the 
Constitutional Conventions of 18G2 and 1869, serv- 
ing in both bodies on the Judicial Committee and 
as Chairman of the Committee on the Bill of 
Rights. From 1864 to 1888 he was a delegate to 
every National Democratic Convention, being 
chairman of the Illinois delegation in 1876. He 
has been four times a candidate for Congress, and 
twice elected, serving from 1863 to 1865. During 
this period he was an ardent opponent of the wai 
policy of the Government. In 187-1-75, at the 
solicitation of Governor Beveridge, he undertook 
the pro.secution of the leaders of a bloody "ven- 
detta" wliich had broken out among his former 
neighbors in Williamson County, and, by his fear- 
less and impartial efforts, brought the offenders to 
justice and assisted in restoring order. In 1886, 
Judge Allen removed to Springfield, and in 1887 
was appointed by President Cleveland to succeed 
Judge Samuel H. Treat (deceased) as Judge of the 
United States District Court for the Southern 
District of Illinois. Died Jan. 26, 1901. 

ALLEN, Willis, a native of Tennes.see, who 
removed to Williamson County, 111., in 1829 and 
engaged in farming. In 1834 he was chosen 
Sheriff of Franklin County, in 1838 elected Rep- 
resentative in the Eleventh General Assembly, 
and, in 1844, became State Senator. In 1841, 
although not yet a licensed lawyer, he was chosen 
Prosecuting Attorney for the old Third District, 
and was shortly afterward admitted to the bar. 
He was chosen Presidential Elector in 1844, a 
member of the Constitutional Convention of 1847, 
and served two terms in Congress (1851.55). On 
March 2, 1859, he was commissioned Judge of the 
Twenty-sixth Judicial Circuit, but died three 
months later. His son, William Joshua, suc- 
ceeded him iti the latter office. 

ALLERTOX, Samuel Waters, stock-dealer and 
capitalist, was bom of Pilgrim ancestry in 
Dutchess County, N. Y., May 26, 1829. His 
yovith was spent with his father on a farm in 
Yates County, N. Y., but alx)ut 1853 he engaged 



in the live-stock business in Central and Western 
New York. In 1856 he transferred his operations 
to Illinois, shipping stock from various points to 
New York City, finally locating in Chicago. He 
was one of the earliest projectors of the Chicago 
Stock-Yards, later securing control of the Pitts- 
burg Stock- Yards, also becoming interested in 
yards at Baltimore, Philadelphia, Jersey City and 
Omaha. Mr. Allerton is one of the foiinders and 
a Director of the First National Bank of Chicago, 
a Director and stockholder of the Chicago City 
Railway (the first cable line in that city), the 
owner of an extensive area of highly improved 
farming lands in Central Illinois, as also of large 
tracts in Nebraska and Wyoming, and of valuable 
and productive mining properties in the Black 
Hills. A zealous Republican in politics, he is a 
liberal supporter of the measures of that party, 
and, in 1893, was the unsuccessful Republican can- 
didate for Slayor of Chicago in opposition to 
Carter H. Harrison. 

ALLOUEZ, Claude Jean, sometimes called 
"The Apostle of the West," a Jesuit priest, was 
born in France in 1620. He reached Quebec in 
1658, and later explored the country around 
Lakes Superior and Michigan, establishing the 
mission of La Pointe, near where Ashland, Wis., 
now stands, in 1665, and St. Xavier, near Green 
Bay, in 1669. He learned from the Indians the 
existence and direction of the upper Mississippi, 
and was the first to communicate the informa- 
tion to the authorities at Montreal, which report 
was the primary cause of Joliet's expedition. He 
succeeded Marquette in charge of the mission at 
Kaskaskia, on the Illinois, in 1677, where he 
preached to eight tribes. From that date to 1690 
he labored among the aborigines of Illinois and 
Wisconsin. Died at Fort St. Joseph, in 1690. 

ALLYN, (Rev.) Robert, clergyman and edu- 
cator, was born at Ledyard, New London County, 
Conn., Jan. 25, 1817, being a direct descend- 
ant in the eighth generation of Captain Robert 
Allyn, who was one of the first settlers of New 
London. He grew up on a farm, receiving his 
early education in a country school, supple- 
mented by access to a small public library, from 
which he acquired a good degree of familiarity 
with standard English writers. In 1837 he 
entered the Wesleyan University at Middletown, 
Conn., where he distinguished himself as a 
mathematician and took a high rank as a linguist 
and rhetorician, graduating in 1841. He im- 
mediately engaged as a teacher of mathematics 
in the Wesleyan Academy at Wilbraham, Mass., 
and, in 1846, was elected principal of the school, 



16 



HISTOEICAL EXCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLIX0I5. 



meanwhile (lSi3) becoming a licentiate of the 
Proridence Conference of the Metho<iist Episcopal 
Church. From 1S4S to 1S54 he served as Princi- 
pal of the Providence Conference Seminary at 
East Greenwich, E, L, -when he was appointed 
Commissioner of Public Schools of Rhode Island 
— also serving the same year as a Visitor to "West 
Point ililitary Academy. Between 1857 and 1S59 
he filled the chair of Ancient languages in the 
State University at Athens, Ohio, when he ac- 
cepted the Presidency of the Wesleyan Female 
CoUege at Cincinnati, four years later (1S63) 
becoming President of ilcKendree College at 
Lebanon, IlL, where he remained until IST-L 
That position he resigned to accept the Presi- 
dency of the Southern Illinois Xormal University 
at Carbondale, whence he retired in 1S92. Died 
at Carbondale. Jan. 7, 1S&4. 

ALTAMONT, F.fnngham County, is intersecting 
point of the Tandalia. Chicago & Eastern Illinois, 
Baltimore & Ohio S. W., and Wabash Railroads, 
being midway and highest point between St. 
Louis and Terre Haute, Ind. ; was laid out in 
1S70. The town is io the center of a grain, fruit- 
growing and stock-raising district : has a liank, 
two grain elevators, flooring mill, tUe works, a 
large creamery, wagon, furniture and other fac- 
tories, besides churches and good schools. Popu- 
lation (1S9<J), l.OU. 11900), 1,335. 

ALTGELD, John Pet*r, ex-Judge and ex-Gov- 
ernor, was bom in Prussia in ls4S, and in boy- 
hood accompanied his parents to America, the 
family settling in Ohio. At the age of 16 he 
enlisted in the One Hundred and Sixty-fourth 
Ohio Infantry, serving until the close of the war. 
ffi^ legal education was acquired at St. Louis and 
Savannah, Mo., and from 1S7-1 to '78 he was 
Prosecuting Attorney for Andrew County in that 
State. In 1S73 he removed to Chicago, where he 
devoted himself to professional work. In 1&S4 he 
led the Democratic forlorn hope as candidate for 
Congres in a strong Republican Congre^onal 
district, and in 1886 was elected to the bench of 
the Superior Court of Cook County, but r^gned 
in August, 1891. The Democratic State conven- 
tion of 1S92 nominated him for Governor, and he 
was elected the following November, being the 
first foreign-bom citizen to hold that office in the 
history of the State, and the first Democrat 
elected since 18-52. In 1896 he was a prominent 
factor in the Democratic Xational Convention 
which nominated William J. Bryan for Presi- 
dent, and was also a candidate for re-election to 
the office of Governor, but was defeated by John 
E. Tanner, the Republican nominee. 



ALTON, principal city in 3Iadison County 
and important conimercial and manufacturing 
point on ilississippi River, 2-5 miles north of 
St. Louis: site was first occupied as a French 
trading-post about 1807, the town proper being 
laid out by Col. Eufus Easton in 1817: principal 
business houses are located in the valley along 
the river, while the residence portion occupies 
the bluffs overlooking the river, sometimes rising 
to the height of nearly 250 feet. The city has 
extensive glass works employing (1903) 4.000 
hands, flouring mills, iron foundries, manufac- 
tories of agricultural implements, coal cars, min- 
ers' tools, shoes, tobacco, lime, etc., besides 
several banks, numerous chtirches, schools, and 
four newspapers, three of them daily. A monu- 
ment to the memory of Elijah P Lovejoy. who 
fell while defending his press against a pro-slav- 
ery mob in 1837. was erected in Alton Cemetery, 
1896-7, at a cost of 830. <»J, contributed by the 
State and citizens of Alton. Population (1890), 
10,294; (19CiO>, 14210 

ALTOX PEMTEMIART. The earUest pun- 
ishments imposed upon public offenders in Illi- 
nois were by public flogging or imprisonment for 
a short time in jails rudely constructed of logs, 
from w^hich escape was not difficult for a prisoner 
of nerve, strength and mental resource. The 
inadequacy of such places of confinement was 
soon perceived, but popular antipathy to any 
increase of taxation prevented the adoption of 
any other policy until 1827. A grant of 40,000 
acres of saline lands was made to the State by 
Congress, and a considerable portion of the money 
received from their sale was appropriate"! to the 
establishment of a State penitentiary at Alton. 
The sum set apart proved insufficient, and, in 1S31, 
an additional appropriation of $10,0<» was made 
from the State treasury. In 1S33 the prison was 
ready to receive its first inmates. It was built of 
stone and had but twenty-fottr cells. Additions 
were made from time to time, but by 1S.5T the 
State determine"! up>jn building a new peniten- 
tiary, which was located at Joliet (see yortheim 
Penitentiary i. and, in 1860. the last convicts were 
transferred thither from Alton. The Alton prison 
was conducted on what is known as "the Aubtim 
plan'" — associated labor in silence by day and 
separate confinement by night. The manage- 
ment was in the hands of a "lessee," who fur- 
nished supplies, employed guards and exercised 
the general powers of a warden under the super- 
vision of a Commissioner appointed by the State, 
and who handled all the products of convict 
labor. 



HISTOEICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



17 



ALTOX KIOTS. (See Lovejoy. Elijah Par- 
rish.) 

ALTONA, town of Knox County, on C, B. & Q. 
R. R.. II) miles noi-tlieast of GalesbiUK; lias an 
endoweii public library, electric light system, 
cement sidewalks, four churches and good school 
system. Population (1900), 6.33. 

ALTON & SAMJAMOX RAILROAD. (See 
Chicago & Alton Railroad.) 

AMBOY, city in Lee County on Green River, at 
junction of Illinois Central and C. , B. & Q. Rail- 
roads, 95 miles south by west from Chicago; has 
artesian water with waterworks and fire protec- 
tion, city park, two telephone systems, electric 
lights, railroad repair shops, two banks, two 
newspapers, seven churches, graded and high 
schools; is on line of Northern Illinois Electric 
Ry. from De Kalb to Dixon ; exten-sive bridge 
and iron works located here. Pop. ( 1900), 1,826. 

AMES, Edward Raymond, Methodist Episcopal 
Bishop, born at Amesville, Athens Count}-, Ohio, 
May 30, 1806; was educated at the Ohio State 
University, where he joined the 31. E. Church. 
In 1828 he left college and became Principal of 
the Seminary at Lebanon, 111., which afterwards 
became McKendree College. Wliile there he 
received a license to preach, and, after holding 
various charges and positions in the church, in- 
cluding membership in the General Conference 
of 1840, '44 and '52, in the latter year was elected 
Bishop, serving until his death, which occurred 
in Baltimore, April 25, 1879. 

AXDERSOX, Galusha, clergyman and edu- 
cator, was born at Bergen, N. Y., March 7, 1832; 
graduated at Rochester University in 1854 and at 
the Theological Seminary there in 1856; spent 
ten 3'ears in Baptist pastoral work at Janesville, 
"Wis., and at St. Louis, and seven :is Professor in 
Newton Theologiaxl Institute, Mass. From 1873 
to '80 he preached in Brooklyn and Chicago; was 
then chosen President of the old Chicago Univer- 
sity, remaining eight years, when lie again be- 
came a pastor at Salem, Mass., but soon after 
assumed the Presidency of Denison University, 
Ohio. On the organization of the new Chicago 
University, he accepted the chair of Homiletics 
and Pa.storal Theology, which he now holds 

AXDERSOX, (Jeorare .V., lawyer and Congress- 
man, was bom in Botetourt County, Va., March 
11, 1853. ^^^len two years old he was brought by 
his parents to Hancock County, 111 He re- 
ceived a collegiate education, and, after studying 
law at Lincoln, Neb., and at Sedalia. Mo., settled 
at Quincy, 111., where he 1>eg;in practice in 1880. 
In 1884 he was elected City Attorney on the 



Democi^atic ticket, and re-elected in 1885 without 
opjiosition. The following year he was the suc- 
cessful candidate of his party for Congress, wliich 
was his last public service. Died at Quincy, 
Jan. 31, 1890. 

AXDERSOX, James C., legislator, was born in 
Henderson Count}', 111., August 1, 1845; raised on 
a farm, and after receiving a common-school 
education, entered Monmouth College, but left 
early in the Civil War to enlist in the Twentieth 
Illinois Volunteer Infantry, in which he attained 
the rank of Second Lieutenant. After the war he 
served ten years as Sheriff of Henderson County, 
was elected Representative in the General 
Assembly in 1888, '90, "92 and '96, and served on 
the Republican "steering committee" during the 
session of 1893. He also served as Sergeant-at- 
Arms of the Senate for the session of 1895, and 
was a delegate to the Republican National Con- 
vention of 1896. His home is at Decorra. 

AXDERSOX, Stinson H., Lieutenant-Gover- 
nor, was born in Sumner County, Tenn., in 1800; 
came to Jefferson County, 111., in his youth, and, 
at an early age, began to devote his attention to 
breeding fine stock; served in the Black Hawk 
War as a Lieutenant in 1832, and the same year 
was elected to the lower branch of the Eighth 
General Assembly, being re elected in 1834. In 
1838 he was chosen Lieutenant-Governor on the 
ticket with Gov. Thomas Carlin, and soon after 
the close of his term entered the United States 
Army as Captain of Dragoons, in this capacity 
taking part in the Seminole War in Florida. 
Still later he served under President Polk as 
United States Marshal for Illinois, and also held 
the position of Warden of the State Penitentiary 
at Alton for several years. Died, September, 1857. — 
William B. (.Vnderson), son of the preceding, 
was born at Mount Vernon, III., April 30, 1830; 
attended the common schools and later studied 
surveying, being elected Sm-veyor of Jefferson 
County, in 1851. He studied law and was admit- 
ted to the bar in 1858, but never practiced, pre- 
ferring the more quiet life of a farmer. In 1856 
he was elected to the lower house of the General 
Assembly and re-elected in 18,58. In 1861 he 
entered the volunteer service as a private, was 
promoted through the grades of Captain and 
Lieutenant-Colonel to a Colonelcy, and, at the 
close of the war, was brevetted Brigadier-Gen- 
eral. In 1868 he was a candidate for Presidential 
Elector on the Democratic ticket, was a member 
of the State Constitutional Convention of 1869-70, 
and, in 1871, wa,s elected to the State Senate, to 
fill a vacancy. In 1874 he was elected to the Fort v • 



18 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



fourtli Congress on tlie Democratic ticket. In 
1893 General Anderson was appointed by Presi- 
dent Cleveland Pension Agent for Illinois, con- 
tinuing in that position four years, when he 
retired to private life. 

ANDRUS, RcT. Reuben, clergyman and edu- 
cator, was born at Rutland, Jefferson County, 
N. Y., Jan. 29, 1824; early came to Fulton 
County, 111., and spent three years (1844-47) as a 
student at Illinois College, Jacksonville, but 
graduated at McKendree College, Lebanon, in 
1849; taught for a time at Greenfield, entered the 
Methodist ministry, and, in 1850, founded the Illi- 
nois Wesleyan University at Blooniington, of 
which he became a Professor; later re-entered 
the ministry and held charges at Beardstown, 
Decatur, Quincy, Springfield and Blooniington, 
meanwhile for a time being President of Illinois 
Conference Female College at Jacksonville, and 
temporary President of Quincy College. In 1867 
he was transferred to the Indiana Conference and 
stationed at Evansville and Indianapolis; from 
1872 to '75 was President of Indiana Asbury Uni- 
versity at Greencastle. Died at Indianapolis, 
Jan. 17, 1887. 

ANNA, a city in Union County, on the Illinois 
Central Railroad, 36 miles from Cairo; is center 
of extensive fruit and vegetable-growing district, 
and largest shipping-point for these commodities 
on the Illinois Central Railroad. It has an ice 
plant, pottery and lime manufactories, two banks 
and two newspapers. The Southern '(111. ) Hos- 
pital for the Insane is located here. Population 
(1890), 2,295; (1900), 2,618; (e.st. 1904), 3,000. 

ANTHONY, EUlott, jurist, was born of New 
England Quaker ancestry at Spafford, Onondaga 
County, N. Y., June 10, 1827; was related on 
the maternal side to the Chases and Phelps (dis- 
tinguished lawyers) of Vermont. His early years 
were spent in labor on a farm, but after a course 
of preparatory study at Cortland Academy, in 
1847 he entered the sophomore class in Hamilton 
College at Clinton, graduating with honors in 
1850. The next year he began the study of law, 
at the same time giving instruction in an Acad- 
emy at Clinton, where he had President Cleve- 
land as one of his pupils. After admission to the 
bar at Oswego, in 1851, he removed We.st, stop- 
ping for a time at Sterling, 111., but the following 
year located in Chicago. Here he compiled "A 
Digest of Illinois Reports"; in 1858 was elected 
City Attorney, and, in 1863, became solicitor of 
the Galena & Chicago Union Railroad (now the 
Chicago & Northwestern). Judge Anthony 
served in two State Constitutional Conventions — 



those of 1862 and 1869-70 — being chairman of the 
Committee on Executive Department and mem- 
ber of the Committee on Judiciary in the latter. 
He was delegate to the National Republican Con- 
vention of 1880, and was the same year elected a 
Judge of the Superior Court of Chicago, and was 
re-elected in 1886, retiring in 1892, after which he 
resumed the practice of his profession, being 
chiefly employed as consulting counsel. Judge 
Anthony was one of the founders and incorpo- 
rators of the Chicago Law Institute and a member 
of the first Board of Directors of the Chicago 
Public Library; also served as President of the 
State Bar Association (1894-95), and delivered 
several important historical addresses before that 
body. His other most important productions 
are volumes on "The Constitutional History of 
Illinois," "The Story of the Empire State" and 
"Sanitation and Navigation." Near the clo.se of 
his last term upon the bench, he spent several 
months in an extended tour through the princi- 
pal countries of Europe. His death occurred, 
after a protracted illness, at his home at Evans- 
ton, Feb. 24, 1898. 

ANTI-NEBRASKA EDITORIAL CONVEN- 
TION, a political body, which convened at 
Decatur, Feb. 22, 1856, pursuant to the suggestion 
of "The Morgan Journal," then a weekly paper 
published at Jacksonville, for the purpose of for- 
mulating a policy in opposition to the principles 
of the Kansas-Nebraska bill. Twelve editors 
were in attendance, as follows : Charles H. Ray 
of "The Chicago Tribune"; V. Y. Ralston of 
"The Quincy Whig"; O. P. Wharton of "The 
Rock Island Adverti-ser" ; T. J. Pickett of "The 
Peoria Republican"; George Schneider of "The 
Chicago Staats Zeitung" ; Charles Faxon of "The 
Princeton Post"; A. N. Ford of "The Lacon Ga- 
zette"; B. F. Shaw of "The Dixon Telegraph" ; E. 
C. Daugherty of "The Rockford Register" ; E. W. 
BlaLsdell of "The Rockford Gazette"; W. J. 
Usrey of "The Decatur Chronicle"; and Paul 
Selby of "The Jacksonville Journal. " Paul Selby 
was chosen Chairman and W. J. Usrey, Secre- 
tary. The convention adopted a platform and 
recommended the calling of a State convention 
at Blooniington on May 29, following, appointing 
the following State Central Committee to take the 
matter in charge: W. B. Ogden, Chicago; S. M. 
Church, Rockford; G. D. A. Parks, Joliet; T. J. 
Pickett, Peoria; E. A. Dudley, Quincy; William 
H. Herndon, Springfield; R. J. Oglesby, Deca- 
tur; Joseph Gillespie, Edwardsville; D. L. Phil- 
lips, Jonesboro; and Ira O. Wilkin.son and 
Gustavus Koerner for the State-at-large. Abra- 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



19 



ham Lincoln was present and participated in the 
consultations of the committees. All of these 
served except Messrs. Ogden, Oglesby and Koer- 
ner, the two former declining on account of ab- 
sence from the State. Ogden was succeeded by 
the kite Dr. John Evans, afterwards Territorial 
Governor of Colorado, and Oglesby by Col. Isaac 
C. Pugh of Decatur. (See Bloomington Conven- 
tion of 1S56. ) 

APPLE RIVER, a village of Jo Daviess 
County, on the Illinois Central Railroad, 21 miles 
east-northeast from Galena. Population (1880), 
626; (1890), 572; (1900). 576. 

APPLIXGTON, (Maj.) Zenas, soldier, was born 
in Broome County, N. Y., Dec. 24, 1815; in 1837 
emigrated to Ogle County, 111., where he fol- 
lowed successively the occupations of farmer, 
blacksmith, carpenter and merchant, finally 
becoming the founder of the town of Polo. Here 
he became wealthy, but lost much of his property 
in the financial revulsion of 1857. In 1858 he 
was elected to the State Senate, and, during the 
session of 1859, was one of the members of that 
body appointed to investigate the "canal scrip 
fraud" (which see), and two years later was one of 
the earnest supporters of the Government in its 
preparation for the War of the Rebellion. The 
latter year he assisted in organizing the Seventh 
Illinois Cavalry, of which he was commissioned 
Major, being some time in command at Bird's 
Point, and later rendering important service to 
General Pope at New Madrid and Island No. 10. 
He was killed at Corinth, Mi.ss., May 8, 1862, 
while obeying an order to charge upon a band of 
rebels concealed in a wood. 

APPORTIONMENT, a mode of distribution of 
the counties of the State into Districts for the 
election of members of the General Assembly 
and of Congress, which will be treated imder 
separate heads: 

Legisl.\tive.— The first legislative apportion- 
ment was provided for bj' the Constitution of 
1818. That instrument vested the Legislature 
with power to divide the State as follows; To 
create districts for the election of Representatives 
not less than twenty -seven nor more than thirty- 
six in number, until the population of the State 
should amount to 100,000; and to create sena- 
torial districts, in number not less than one-third 
nor more than one-half of the representative dis- 
tricts at the time of organization. 

The schedule appended to the first Constitution 
contained the first legal apportionment of Sena- 
tors and Representatives. The first fifteen 
oounties were allowed fourteen Senators and 



twenty-nine Representatives. Each county 
formed a distinct legislative district for repre- 
sentation in the lower house, with the number of 
members for each varying from one to three; 
while Johnson and Franklin were combined in 
one Senatorial district, the other counties being 
entitled to one Senator each. Later apportion- 
ments were made in 1821, '26, '31, '36, '41 and '47. 
Before an election was held under the last, how- 
ever, the Constitution of 1848 went into effect, 
and considerable changes were effected in this 
regard. The number of Senators was fixed at 
twenty-five and of Representatives at seventy- 
five, until the entire i)opulation should equal 
1,000,000, when five members of the HoiLse were 
added and five additional members for each 500,- 
000 increase in population until the whole num- 
ber of Representatives reached 100. Thereafter 
the number was neither increased nor dimin- 
ished, but apportioned among the several coun- 
ties according to the number of white inhabit- 
ants. Should it be found necessary, a single 
district might be formetl out of two or more 
counties. 

The Constitution of 1848 established fifty-four 
Representative and twenty-five Senatorial dis- 
tricts. Bj' the apportionment law of 18.54, the 
number of the former was increased to fifty -eight, 
and, in 1861, to sixty-one. The number of Sen- 
atorial districts remained unchanged, but their 
geogi'aphical limits varied under each act, while 
the number of members from Representative 
districts varied according to population. 

The Constitution of 1870 provided for an im- 
mediate reapportionment (subsequent to its 
adoption) by the Governor and Secretary of 
State upon the basis of the United States Census 
of 1870. Under the apportionment thus made, 
as prescribed by the schedule, the State was 
divided into twenty-five Senatorial districts (each 
electing two Senators) and ninety-seven Repre- 
sentative districts, with an aggi'egate of 177 mem- 
bers varying from one to ten for the several 
districts, according to population. This arrange- 
ment continued in force for only one Legislature 
— that chosen in 1870. 

In 1873 this Legislature proceeded to reappor- 
tion the State in accordance with the principle of 
"minority representation," wliich had been sub- 
mitted as an in<lependent section of the Constitu- 
tion and adopted on a separate vote. This 
provided for apportioning the State into fifty -one 
districts, each being entitled to one Senator and 
three Representatives. The ratio of representa- 
tion in the lower house was ascertained by divid- 



20 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



ing the entire population by 153 and each county 
to be allowed one Representative, provided its 
population reached three-fifths of the ratio ; coun- 
ties having a population equivalent to one and 
three-fifths times the ratio were entitled to two 
Representatives ; while each county with a larger 
population was entitled to one additional Repre- 
sentative for each time the full ratio was repeated 
in the number of inhabitants. Apportionments 
were made on this principle in 1873, '83 and "93. 
Members of the lower house are elected bienni- 
ally; Senators for four years, those in odd and 
even districts being chosen at each alternate 
legislative election. The election of Senators for 
the even (numbered) districts takes place at the 
same time with that of Governor and other State 
officers, and that for the odd districts at the inter- 
mediate periods. 

Congressional. — For the first fourteen years 
of the State's history, Illinois constituted but one 
Congressional district. The census of 1830 show- 
ing sufficient population, the Legislature of 1831 
(by act, approved Feb. 13) divided the State into 
three districts, the first election under this law 
being held on the first Monday in August, 1833. 
At that time Illinois comprised flftj'-five couij- 
ties, which were apportioned among the districts 
as follows. First — Gallatin, Pojje. Johnson, 
Alexander, Union, Jackson, Franklin, Perry, 
Randolph, Monroe, Washington, St. Clair, Clin- 
ton, Bond, Sladison, Macoupin; Second — White, 
Hamilton, Jefferson, Wayne, Edwards, Wabash, 
Clay, Mai'ion, Lawrence, Fayette, Montgomery, 
Shelby, Vermilion, Edgar, Coles, Clark, Craw- 
ford; Third — Greene, Morgan, Sangamon, 
Macon, Tazewell, McLean, Cook, Henry, La 
Salle, Putnam, Peoria, Knox, Jo Daviess, Mercer, 
McDonough, Warren, Fulton, Hancock, Pike, 
Schuyler, Adams, Calhoun. 

The reapportionment following the census of 
1840 was made by Act of Slarch 1, 1843, and the 
first election of Representatives thereunder 
occurred on the first Monday of the following 
Augiast. Forty-one new counties had been cre- 
ated (making ninety-six in all) and the mmiber 
of districts was increased to seven as follows; 
First • — Alexander, Union, Jackson, Monroe, 
Perry, Randolph, St. Clair, Bond, Washington, 
Madison; Second — Johnson, Pope, Hardin, 
Williamson, Gallatin, Franklin, White, Wayne, 
Hamilton, Wabash, Massac, Jefferson, Edwards, 
Marion; Third — Lawrence, Richland, Jasper, 
Fayette, Crawford, Effingham, Christian, Jlont- 
gomery, Shelby, Moultrie, Coles, Clark, Clay, 
Edgar, Piatt, Macon, De Witt; Fourth — Lake, 



INIcHenry, Boone, Cook, Kane, De Kalb, Du Page, 
Kendall, Will, Grundy, La Salle, Iroquois, 
Livingston, Champaign, VermiUon, IMcLean, 
Bureau; Fifth — Greene, Jersey, Calhoun, Pike, 
Adams, Marquette (a part of Adams never fully 
organized). Brown, Schuyler, Fulton Peoria, 
Macoupin; Sixth — Jo Daviess, Stephenson, 
Winnebago, Carroll, Ogle, Whiteside, Henry, 
Lee, Rock Island, Stark, Mercer, Henderson, 
AVarren, Knox, McDonough, Hancock; Seventh 
— Putnam, Marshall, Woodford, Cass, Tazewell, 
Mason, Menard. Scott, Morgan, Logan, Sangamon. 

The next Congressional apportionment (August 
23, 18.52) divided the State into nine districts, as 
follows — the first election under it being held the 
following November: First- — Lake, McHenry, 
Boone, Winnebago, Stephenson, Jo Daviess, Car- 
roll, Ogle; Second — Cook, Du Page, Kane, De 
Kalb, Lee, Whiteside, Rock Island; Third — 
Will, Kendall, Grundy, Livingston, La Salle, 
Putnam, Bui-eau, Vermilion, Iroquois, Cham- 
paign, McLean, De Witt; Fourth — Fulton, 
Peoria, Knox, Henry, Stark, Warren, Mercer, 
Marshall, Mason, Woodford, Tazewell; Fifth 
— Adams, Calhoun, Brown, Schuyler, Pike, Mc- 
Donough, Hancock, Henderson ; Sixth — Morgan, 
Scott, Sangamon, Greene, Macoupin, Montgom- 
ery, Shelby, Christian, Cass, Menard, Jersey; 
Seventh — Logan, Macon, Piatt, Coles, Edgar, 
Moultrie, Cumberland, Crawford, Clark, Effing- 
ham, Jasper, Clay, Lav\-rence, Richland, Fayette; 
Eighth — Randolph, Monroe, St. Clair, Bond, 
Madison, Clinton, Washington, Jefferson, Mar- 
ion; Ninth — Alexander, Pulaski, Massac, Union, 
Johnson, Pope, Hardin, Gallatin, Saline, Jack- 
son, Perry, Franklin, Williamson, Hamilton, 
Edwards, White, Wayne, Wabash. 

The census of 18G0 showed that Illinois was 
entitled to fourteen Representatives, but through 
an error the apportionment law of April 34, 1861, 
created only thirteen districts. This was com- 
pensated for by providing for the election of one 
Congressman for the State-at- large. The districts 
were as follows; First — Cook, Lake; Second — 
McHenry, Boone, Winnebago, De Kalb, and 
Kane; Third — Jo Daviess, Stephenson, White- 
side, Carroll, Ogle, Lee; Fom-th — Adams. Han- 
cock, Warren, Mercer, Henderson, Rock Island; 
Fifth— Peoria. Knox, Stark, Marshall, Putnam, 
Bm-eau, Henry; Sixth— La Salle, Grundy, Ken- 
dall, Du Page, Will, Kankakee; Seventh — 
Macon, Piatt, Champaign, Douglas, Moultrie, 
Cumberland, Vermilion. Coles, Edgar, Iroquois, 
Ford; Eighth — Sangamon, Logan, De Witt, Mc- 
Lean, Tazewell, Woodford, Livingston; Ninth — 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA -OF ILLINOIS. 



21 



Fulton, Mason, Menard. Cass, Pike, McDonougli. 
Sclmyler, Brown; Tenth — Bond, Morgan, Cal- 
lioun, Macoupin, Scott, Jersej', Greene, Christian, 
Aloutgouiery, Shelbj' ; Eleventh — Marion, Fay- 
ette, Richland, Jasper, Clay, Clark, Crawford, 
Franklin, Lawrence, Hamilton, Effingham, 
Wayne. Jefferson; Twelfth — St. Clair. Madison, 
Chuton, Monroe, Wasliington, Raudoli)h; 
Thirteenth — Alexander, Pulaski, Union, Perry, 
Johnson, Williamson, Jackson. Massac, Poi)e, 
Hardin, Gallatin, Saline. White, Edwards, 
Wabash. 

The next reapportionment was made July- 1, 
1873. The Act created nineteen districts, as fol- 
lows; First — The first seven wards in Chicago 
and thirteen towns in Cook County, with the 
county of Du Page; Second — Wards Eighth to 
Fifteenth (inclusive) in Chicago; Third — Wards 
Sixteenth to Twentieth in Chicago, the remainder 
of Cook County, and Lake County ; Fourth^ 
Kane, De Kalb, McHenry, Boone, and Winne- 
bago; Fifth — Jo Daviess, Stephenson, Carroll, 
Ogle, Whiteside; Sixth — Henry, Rock Island, 
Putnam, Bureau. Lee; Seventh — La Salle, Ken- 
dall, Grundy, Will ; Eighth — Kankakee, Iroquois, 
Ford, JIarshall. Livingston, Woodford ; Ninth — 
Stark, Peoria, Knox. Fulton; Tenth — Mercer, 
Henderson, Warren, McDonough, Hancock, 
Schuyler; Eleventh — Adams, Brown, Calhoun, 
Greene, Pike, Jersey; Twelfth — Scott, Morgan, 
Jlenard, Sangamon, Cass, Christian; Thirteenth^ 
Mason, Tazewell, JIcLean, Logan. De Witt; Four- 
teenth — Macon, Piatt, Champaign, Douglas. Coles, 
Vermilion; Fifteenth — Edgar, Clark, Cumber- 
land, Shelby, Moultrie, Effingham, Lawrence, 
Jasper, Crawford ; Sixteenth — Montgomery, 
Fayette, Washington, Bond, Clinton, Marion, 
Clay; Seventeenth — Macoupin, Madison. St. 
Clair, Monroe; Eighteenth — Randolph, Perry, 
Jackson, Union, Johnson, Williamson, Alex- 
ander, Pope, Massac, Pulaski; Nineteenth — 
Richland, Wayne, Edwards, White, Wabash, 
Saline. Gallatin, Hardin, Jefferson, FrankUn, 
Hamilton. 

In 1882 (by Act of April 39) the number of dis- 
tricts was increased to twenty, and tlie bound- 
aries determineil as follows: First — Wards First 
to Fourth (inclusive) in Chicago and thirteen 
towns in Cook County; Second — Wards .5th to 
7th and part of 8th in Chicago; Third — Wards 
Uth to 14th and part of 8th in Chicago ; Fourth 
— The remainder of the City of Chicago and of 
the county of Cook; Fifth — Lake, McHenry, 
Bo<jne, Kane, and De Kalb ; Sixth — Winnebago, 
Stephenson, Jo Daviess, Ogle, and CaiToll; 



Seventh — Lee, Whiteside, Henry, Bureau, Put- 
nam; Eighth — La .Salle, Kendall Grundy, Du 
Page, and Will; Ninth — Kankakee, Iroquois, 
Ford, Livingston, Woodford, Marshall; Tenth— 
Peoria, Knox, Stark, Fulton ; Eleventh — Rock 
Island, Mercer, Henderson. Warren, Hancock, 
McDonough, Schuyler; Twelfth — Cass, Brown, 
Adams. Pike, Scott. Greene. Calhoun, Jersey; 
Tliirteenth — Tazewell, Mason, Menard, Sanga- 
mon, Morgan. Christian; Fourteenth — McLean. 
De Witt, Piatt, Macon, Logan ; Fifteenth — • 
Coles, Edgar, Douglas, Vermilion, Champaign; 
Sixteenth — Cumberland, Clark, Jasper, Clay, 
Crawford, Richland, Lawrence, Wayne, Edwards, 
Wabash ; Seventeenth — Macoupin, Montgoinery, 
Moultrie, Shelby, Effingham. Fayette; Eight- 
eenth — Bond. Madison, St. Clair. Monroe, Wash- 
ington; Nineteenth — Marion. Clinton, Jefferson, 
Saline. Franklin. Hamilton, White. Gallatin, Har- 
din ; Twentieth — Perry. Randoljjh, Jackson, 
Union, W^illiamson, Johnson, Alexander, Pope, 
Pulaski, Massac. 

The census of 1890 showed the State to be entit- 
led to twenty-two Representatives. No reap- 
portionment, however, was made until June, 
1893, two members from the State-at-large being 
elected in 1892. The existing twenty-two Con- 
gres.sional districts are as follows: The first 
seven districts comprise the counties of Cook and 
Lake, the latter lying wholly in the Seventh dis- 
trict; Eighth — McHenry, De Kalb, Kane, Du 
Page, Kendall, Grundy; Ninth — Boone, Winne- 
bago. Steplienson, Jo Daviess, Carroll, Ogle, Lee ; 
Tenth — Whiteside, Rock Island, Mercer, Henry, 
Stark. Knox ; Eleventh • — Bureau, La Salle, 
Livingston. Woodford; Twelfth — Will. Kanka- 
kee, Iroquois, Vermilion; Thirteentli — Ford. Mc- 
Lean, DeWitt, Piatt, Chainj)aign, Douglas; Four- 
teenth — Putnam, Marshall. Peoria, FHilton, 
Tazewell, Mason; Fifteenth — Henderson, War- 
ren, Hancock, JIcDonough, Adams, Brown, 
Schuyler; Sixteenth — Cass, Morgan, Scott, 
Pike, Greene, Macoupin, Calhoun, Jersey; 
Seventeenth — Jlenard. Logan, Sangamon. Macon, 
Christian; Eighteenth — Madison, Montgomery, 
Bond, Fayette, Slielby. IMoultrie; Niueteentli — 
Coles, Edgar, Clark, Cumberland, Effingham, 
Jasper, Crawford, Richland, Lawrence; Twenti- 
eth — Clay, Jefferson, Wayne, Hamilton, Ed- 
wards, Wabash, Fi-anklin, White, Gallatin, 
Hardin; Twenty-first — Marion, Clinton, Wash- 
ington, St. Clair. Monroe, Randolph, Perry; 
Twenty-second — Jackson. Union, Alexander, 
Pulaski, Johnson, Williamson, Saline, Pope, 
Massac. (See also Representatives in Congress. ) 



33 



HISTORICAL Ji:NCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



ARCHER, William B., pioneer, was born in 
Warren County. Ohio, in 1792, and taken to Ken- 
tucky at an early day, where he remained until 
1817, when his family removed to Illinois, finally 
settling in what is now Clark County. Although 
pursuing the avocation of a farmer, he became 
one of the most prominent and influential men in 
that part of the State. On the organization of 
Clark County in 1819, he was appointed tlie fir.st 
County and Circuit Clerk, resigning the former 
office in 1820 and the latter in 1822. In 1824 he 
was elected to the lower branch of the General 
Assembly, and two years later to the State 
Senate, serving continuously in the latter eight 
years. He was thu.s a Senator on the breaking 
out of the Black Hawk War (1832), in which he 
iserved as a Captain of militia. In 1834 he was an 
unsuccessful candidate for Lieutenant-Governor ; 
rt'as appointed by Governor Duncan, in ISS."), a 
xiiember of the first Board of Commissioners of 
tlie Illinois & Michigan Canal; in 1838 was 
returned a second time to the House of Repre- 
sentatives and reelected in 1840 and '46 to the 
same body. Two years later (1848) lie was again 
elected Circuit Clerk, remaining until 1852, and 
In 1854 was an Anti-Nebraska Whig candidate 
for Congress in opposition to James C. Allen. 
Although Allen received the certificate of elec- 
tion. Archer contested his right to the .seat, with 
the result that Congress declared the seat vacant 
and referred the que.stion back to the people. In 
a new election held in August, 1856, Archer was 
defeated and Allen elected. He held no public 
office of importance after this date, but in 1856 
was a delegate to the first Republican National 
Convention at -Philadelphia, and in that body was 
an enthusiastic supporter of Abraham Lincoln, 
whose zealous friend and admirer he was, for the 
office of Vice-President. He was also one of the 
Active promoters of various railroad enterprises 
m that section of the State, especially the old 
c^hicago & Vincennes Road, the first projected 
southward from the City of Chicago. His con- 
nection with the Illinois & Michigan Canal was 
the means of giving his name to Arclier Avenue, 
a somewhat famous thoroughfare in Chicago 
He was of tall stature and great energy of cliar- 
ftcter, with a tendency to enthusiasm tliat com- 
municated itself to others. A local history has 
said of him that "he did more for Clark County 
than any man in his day or since," although "no 
consideration, pecuniary or otherwise, was ever 
given him for his services." Colonel Archer was 
one of tlie founders of Marshall, the county -seat 
of Clark County, Governor Duncan being associ- 



ated with him in the ownership of the land on 
whicli the town was laid out. His death oc- 
curred in Clark County, August 9, 1870, at the 
age of 78 years. 

ARCOLA,incorporated city in Douglas County, 
158 miles south of Chicago, at junction of Illinois 
Central and Terre Haute branch Vandalia Rail- 
road; is center of largest broom-corn producing 
region in the world; has city waterworks, with 
efficient volunteer fire department, electric lights, 
telephone system, grain elevators and broom- 
corn warehouses, two banks, three newspapers, 
nine churches, library building and excellent free 
school system. Pop. (1890), 1,733; (1900), 1,995. 

ARESZ, Francis A., pioneer, was born at 
Blankenberg, in the Province of the Rhein, 
Prussia, Oct. 31, 1800; obtained a good education 
and, while a young man, engaged in mercantile 
business in his native country. In 1827 he came 
to the United States and, after spending two 
years in Kexitucky, in 1829 went to Galena, where 
he was engaged for a short time in the lead 
trade. He took an early opportunity to become 
naturalized, and coming to Beardstown a few 
months later, went into merchandising and real 
estate; also became a contractor for furnishing 
supplies to the State troops during the Black Hawk 
War, Beardstown being at the time a rendezvous 
and shipping point. In 1834 he began the publi- 
cation of "Tlie Beardstown Chronicle and Illinois 
Bounty Land Register," and was the projector of 
the Beardstown & Sangamon Canal, extending 
from the Illinois River at Beardstown to Miller's 
Ferry on the Sangamon, for which he secured a 
special charter from the Legislature in 1836. He 
had a survey of the line made, but the hard times 
prevented the beginning of tlie work and it was 
finally abandoned. Retiring from the mercantile 
business in 1835, he located on a farm six miles 
southeast of Beardstown, but in 1839 removed to 
a tract of land near the Morgan County line 
which he had bought in 1833, and on which the 
present village of Arenzville now stands. This 
became the center of a tlirifty agricultural com- 
munity composed largely of Germans, among 
whom he exercised a large influence. Resuming 
the mercantile business here, he continued it 
until about 1853, when he sold out a considerable 
part of his possessions. An ardent Whig, he was 
elected as such to the lower branch of the Fom"- 
teenth General Assembly (1844) from Morgan 
County, and during the following session suc- 
ceeded in securing the passage of an act by which 
a strip of territory three miles wide in tlie north- ' 
em part of Morgan County, including the village 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



23 



of Arenzville, and which liad been in dispute, 
■was transferred by vote of the citizens to Cass 
County. In 1853 Mr. Arenz visited his native 
land, by appointment of President Fillmore, as 
bearer of dispatches to the American legations at 
Berlin and Vienna. He was one of the founders 
of the Illinois State Agricultural Society of 18.53, 
and served as the Vice-President for his district 
imtil his death, and was also the founder and 
President of the Cass County Agricultural Soci- 
ety. Died. April 2, 18.56. 

ARLINGTON, a village of Bureau County, on 
the Chicago, Burlington & Quincj- Railroad, 92 
miles west of Chicago. Population (1880), 447; 
(1890), 436; (1900), 400. 

ARLINGTON HEIGHTS (formerly Dunton), a 
village of Cook County, on the Chicago & North- 
western Railway, 22 miles northwest of Chicago; 
is in a dairying district and has several cheese 
factories, besides a sewing machine factory, 
hotels and churches, a graded school, a bank and 
one newspaper. Population (1880), 995; (1890), 
1.424; (1900), 1,380. 

ARMOUR, Philip Danforth, packer. Board of 
Trade operator and capitalist, was born at Stock- 
bridge, MadLson County. N. Y., May 16, 1832. 
After receiving the benefits of .such education as 
the village academy afforded, in 1852 he set out 
across the Plains to California, where he re- 
mained four years, achieving only moderate suc- 
cess as a miner. Returning east in 1856, he soon 
after embarked in the commission business in 
Milwaukee, continuing until 1863, when he 
formed a partnership with Mr. John Plankinton 
in the meat-packing business. Later, in conjunc- 
tion with his brothers — H. O. Armour having 
already built up an extensive grain commission 
trade in Chicago — he organized the extensive 
packing and commission firm of Armour & 
Co., with branches in New York, Kansas City 
and Chicago, their headquarters being removed 
to the latter place from Milwaukee in 1875. 
Mr. Armour is a most industrious and me- 
thodical business mau, giving as many liours 
to the superintendence of business details as the 
most industrious day-laborer, the result being 
seen in the creation of one of the most extensive 
and prosperous firms in the country. Mr. 
Armour's practical benevolence has been demon- 
strated in a munificent manner by his establish- 
ment and endowment of the Armour Institute 
(a manual training school) in Chicago, at a cost 
of over §2.2.50.000, as an offshoot of the Armour 
Mission founded on the bequest of his decejised 
brother, Joseph F. Armour. Died Jan. C, 1901. 



ARMSTRONG, John Strawn, pioneer, born in 
Somerset County, Pa., May 29, 1810, the oldest of 
a family of nine sons ; was taken by his parents 
in 1811 to Licking County, Ohio, where he spent 
his childhood and early youth. His father was a 
native of Ireland and his mother a sister of Jacob 
Strawn, afterwards a wealthy stock-grower and 
dealer in Morgan County. In 1829, John S. came 
to Tazewell County, 111., but two years later 
joined the rest of his family in Putnam (now 
Marshall) County, all finally removing to La 
Salle County, where they were among the earli- 
est settlers. Here he settled on a farm in 1834, 
where he continued to reside over fifty years, 
when he located in the village of Sheridan, but 
early in 1897 went to reside with a daughter in 
Ottawa. He was a soldier in the Black Hawk 
War, has been a prominent and influential farm- 
er, and, in the later years of his life, has been 
a leader in "Granger" politics, being Master of his 
local "Grange," and al.so serving as Treasurer of 
the State Grange. — George Washingrton (Arm- 
strong), brother of the preceding, was born upon 
the farm of his parents, Joseph and Elsie (Strawn) 
Armstrong, in Licking County, Ohio, Dec. 9, 
1812; learned the trade of a weaver with his 
father (who was a woolen manufacturer), and at 
the age of 18 was in charge of the factory. 
Early in 1831 he came with his mother's family 
to Illinois, locating a few months later in La 
Salle County. In 1832 he served with his older 
brother as a soldier in the Black Hawk War, was 
identified with the early steps for the construc- 
tion of the Illinois & Michigan Canal, finally be- 
coming a contractor upon the section at Utica, 
where he resided several years. He then returned 
to the farm near the present village of Seneca, 
where he had located in 1833, and where (with 
the exception of his residence at Utica) he has 
resided continuously over sixty-five years. In 
1844 Mr. Armstrong was elected to the lower 
branch of the Fourteenth General Assembly, 
also served in the Constitutional Convention of 
1847 and. in 1858, was the unsuccessful Democratic 
candidate for Congress in oppo.sition to Owen 
Lovejoy. Re-entering the Legislature in 1860 as 
Representative from La Salle County, he served 
in that body by successive re-elections until 1868, 
proving one of its ablest and most influential 
members, as well as an accomplished parliamen- 
tarian. Mr. Armstrong was one of the original 
promoters of the Kankakee & Seneca Ruilroad. — 
William E. (Arra.strong), third brother of this 
family, was born in Licking County. Ohio, Oct. 
25, 1814; came to Illinois with the rest of the 



24 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



family in 1831, and resided in La Salle County 
until 1841, meanwhile serving two or three terms 
as Sheriff of the county. The latter year he was 
appointed one of the Commissioners to locate the 
county-seat of the newly-organized county of 
Grundy, finally becoming one of the foimders and 
the first permanent settler of the town of Grimdy 
— later called Morris, in honor of Hon. I. N. Mor- 
ris, of Quincy, 111, at that time one of the Com- 
missioners of the Illinois & Michigan Canal. 
Here Mr. Armstrong was again elected to the 
office of Sheriff, serving several terms. So ex- 
tensive was his influence in Grundy County, that 
he was popularly known as "The Emperor of 
Grundy." Died, Nov. 1, 1850.— Joel W. (Arm- 
strong), a fourth brother, was born in Licking 
County, Ohio, Jan. 6, 1817 ; emigrated in boyhood 
to La Salle County, 111. ; served one term as 
Countj' Recorder, was member of the Board of 
Supervisors for a number of j'ears and the first 
Postmaster of his town. Died, Dec. 3, 1871. — • 
Perry A. (Armstrong), the seventh brother of 
this historic family, was born near Newark, Lick- 
ing County, Ohio, April 15, 1833, and came to La 
Salle County, 111., in 1831. His oppoi-tunities for 
acquiring an education in a new country were 
limited, but betvs-een work on the farm and serv- 
ice as a clerk of his brother George, aided by a 
short term in an academy and as a teacher in 
Kendall Count}', he managed to prepare himself 
for college, entering Illinois College at Jackson- 
ville in 1843. Owing to failure of health, he was 
compelled to abandon his plan of obtaining a col- 
legiate education and returned home at the end 
of his Freshman year, but continued his studies, 
meanwhile teaching district schools in the winter 
and working on his mother's farm during the 
crop season, until 1845, when he located in Slor- 
ris, Grundy County, opened a general store and 
was appointed Postmaster. He has been in pub- 
lic position of some sort ever since he reached his 
majority, including the offices of School Trustee, 
Postmaster, Justice of the Peace, Supervisor, 
County Clerk (two terms). Delegate to the Con- 
stitutional Convention of 1863, and two terms as 
Representative in the General Assembly (1863-64 
and 1873-74). During his last session in the Gen- 
eral Assembly he took a conspicuous part in the 
revision of the statutes under the Constitution of 
1870, framing some of the most important laws 
on the statute book, while participating in the 
preparation of others. At an earlier date it fell 
lo his lot to draw up the original charters of the 
Chicago & Rock Island, the lUiuois Central, and 
the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy Railroads. He 



has also been prominent in Odd Fellow and 
Masonic circles, having been Grand Master of the 
first named order in the State and being the old- 
est 32d degree JIason in Illinois ; was admitted to 
the State bar in 1864 and to that of the Supreme 
Court of the United States in 1868, and has been 
Master in Chancery for over twenty consecutive 
years. Mr. Armstrong has also found time to do 
some literary work, as shown by his history of 
"The Sauks and Black Hawk War," and a num- 
ber of poems. He takes much pleasure in relat- 
ing reminiscences of pioneer life in Illinois, one 
of which is the story of his first trip from 
Ottawa to Chicago, in December, 1831, when he 
accompanied his oldest brother (William E. 
Armstrong) to Chicago with a sled and ox- 
team for salt to cure their mast-fed pork, the 
trip requiring ten daj's. His recollection is, that 
there were but three white families in Chicago 
at that time, but a large number of Indians 
mixed with half-breeds of French and Indian 
origin. 

ABXOLD, Isaac N., lawyer and Congressman, 
was born near Cooperstown, N. Y., Nov. 30, 1813, 
being descended from one of the companions of 
Roger Williams. Thrown upon his own resources 
at an early age, he was largely "self-made." 
He read law at Cooperstown, and was admitted 
to the bar in 1835. The next year he removed to 
Chicago, was elected the first City Clerk in 1837, 
but resigned before the close of the year and was 
admitted to the bar of Illinois in 1841. He soon 
established a reputation as a lawyer, and served 
for three terms (the Thirteenth, Fourteenth and 
Twentieth) in the lower house of the Legisla- 
ture. In 1844 he was a Presidential Elector on 
the Polk ticket, but the repeal of the Missouri 
Compromise, with the legislation regarding Kan- 
sas and Nebraska, logically forced him, as a free- 
soiler, into the ranks of the Republican party, by 
which he was sent to Congress from 1861 to 1865. 
While in Congress he prepared and delivered au 
exhaustive argument in support of the right of 
confiscation by the General Government. After 
the expiration of his last Congressional term, Mr. 
Arnold returned to Cliicago, where he resided 
until his death. April 34, 1884. He was of schol- 
arly instincts, fond of literature and an author of 
repute. Among his best known works are his 
"Life of Abraham Lincoln" and his "Life of 
Benedict Arnold." 

ARRI>'GTOS, Alfred W., clergyman, lawyer 
and author, was born in Iredell Coimty, N. C, 
September, 1810, being the son of a Whig mem- 
ber of Congress from that State. In 1829 he was 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OP ILLINOIS. 



25 



received on trial as a Methodist preaclier and 
became a circuit-rider in Indiana ; during 1832-33 
served as an itinerant in Missouri, gaining much 
celebrity by his eloquence. In 1834 he began the 
study of law, and having been admitted to the 
bar, practiced for several years in Arkansas, 
wliere he was sent to the Legislatvu-o, and, in 1844, 
was the Whig candidate for Presidential Elec- 
tor. Later he removed to Texas, where he served 
as Judge for six years. In 1856 lie remo\ed to 
Madison, Wis., but a year later came to Chicago, 
where he attained distinction as a lawyer, dying 
in that city Dec. 31, ISO". He was an accom- 
plished scholar and gifted writer, having written 
mucli for "The Democratic Review" and "The 
Southern Literary Messenger," over the signature 
of "Charles Summerfield, " an<l was author of an 
"Apostrophe to Water," which lie put in the 
mouth of an itinerant Methodist preaclier, and 
wliich John B. Gough was accustomed to quote 
with great effect. A volume of his poems with a 
memoir was published in Chicago in 1SG9. 

ARROWfSMITH, a village of McLean County, 
on the Lake Erie & Western Railway, 20 miles 
east of Bloomington; is in an agricultural and 
stock region; has one newspaper. Population 
(1890). 420; (inoO), 317. 

ARTHUR, village in Moultrie and Douglas 
Counties, at junction of Chicago & Eastern Illi- 
nois and Terre Haute & Peoria Division Vandalia 
Line; is center of liroom-corn belt; luis two 
banks, a weekly newspaper. Population (1900), 
858; (est. 1004), 1,000. 

ASAY, Edward G., lawyer, was born in Pliila- 
delphia, Sept. 17, 1825; was educated in private 
schools and entered the ministry of the Jletliodist 
Episcopal Church ; later spent some time in the 
South, but in 1853 retired from the ministry and 
began the study of law, meantime devoting a part 
of his time to mercantile business in New York 
City. He was admitted to the bar in 18,56, remov- 
ing the same year to Cliicago, where he built up 
a lucrative practice. He was a brilliant speaker 
and became eminent, especially as a criminal 
lawyer. Politically he was a zealous Democrat 
and was the chief attorney of Buckner S. Morris 
and others during their trial for conspiracy in 
connection with the Camp Douglas affair of No- 
vember, 1864. During 1871-72 he made an ex- 
tended trip to Europe, occupying some eighteen 
montlis, making a second visit in 1882. His later 
years were spent chiefly on a farm in Ogle 
County. Died in Chicago, Nov. 24, 1898. 

ASBrKY, Henry, lawj-er, was born in Harri- 
son (now Robertson) County, Ky., August 10, 



1810; came to Illinois in 1834, making the jour- 
ney on horseback and finally locating in Quincy, 
wliere he soon after begiin the study of law with 
the Hon. O. H. Browning; was admitted to the 
bar in 1837, being for a time the partner of Col. 
Edward D. Baker, afterwards United States 
Senator from Oregon and finally killed at Ball's 
Bluff in 1802. In 1849 Mr. Asbury was appointed 
by President Taylor Register of the Quincy Land 
Office, and, in 1864-65, served by appointment of 
President Lincoln (who was his close personal 
friend) as Provost-Marshal of the Quincy dis- 
trict, thereby obtaining the title of "Captain," 
by whicii he was widely known among his 
friends. Later he served for several years as 
Registrar in Bankruptcy at Quincy, which was 
his last official position. Originally a Kentucky 
Whig, Captain Asbury was one of the founders 
of tlie Republican party in Illinois, acting in co- 
operation with Abram Jonas, Archibald Williams, 
Neliemiah Bushnell, O. H. Browning and others 
of his immediate neighbors, and with Abraham 
Lincoln, with whom he was a frequent corre- 
spondent at that period. Messrs. Nicolay and 
Ha}-, in tlieir Life of Lincoln, award him tlie 
credit of having suggested one of the famous 
questions propounded by Lincoln to Douglas 
which gave the latter so much trouble during 
the memorable debates of 1858. In 1886 Captain 
Asbury removed to Chicago, wliere he continued 
to reside until his death, Nov. 19, 1896. 

ASHLAXD, a town in Cass County, at the 
intersection of the Chicago & Alton and the 
Baltimore & Ohio South- Western Railroad, 21 
miles west-northwest of Springfield and 200 
miles southwest of Chicago. It is in the midst of 
a rich agricultural region, and is an important 
shipping point for grain and stock. It has a 
bank, three churches and a weekly newspaper. 
Coal is mined in the vicinity. Population (1880), 
609; (1890), 1,045; (1900), 1,201. 

ASHLEY, a city of Washington County, at 
intersection of Illinois Central and Louisville & 
Nashville Railways. 02 miles east by southeast of 
St. Louis; is in an agricultural and fruit growing 
region; has some manufactures, electric light 
plant and excellent granitoid sidewalks. Popu- 
lation (1890), 1,035, (1900), 953. 

ASHMORE, a village of Coles County, on the 
Cleveland, Cincinnati. Chicago & St. Louis Rail- 
wav, 9 miles east of Charleston ; has a newspaper 
and considerable local trade. Population (1890), 
446, (1900), 487; (1903), 520. 

ASHTOS, a village of Lee County, on the Chi- 
cago & North-Western Railroad, 84 miles west of 



26 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



Chicago; lias one newspaper. Population (1880), 
646; (1890). 680; (1900), 776. 

ASPINWALL, Homer F., farmer and legisla- 
tor, was born in Stephenson County, 111., Nov. 15, 
1846, educated in the Freeport high school, and, 
in early life, spent two years in a wholesale 
notioia store, later resuming the occupation of a 
farmer. After holding various local offices, in- 
cluding that of member of the Board of Supervis- 
ors of Stephenson County, in 1892 Mr. Aspinwall 
■was elected to the State Senate and re-elected in 
1896. Soon after the beginning of the Spanish- 
American War in 1898, he was appointed by 
President McKinley Captain and Assistant 
Quartermaster in the Volunteer Army, but 
before being assigned to duty accepted the Lieu- 
tenant-Colonelcy of the Twelfth Illinois Pro- 
visional Regiment. When it became evident that 
the regiment would not be called into the service, 
he was assigned to the command of the "Mani- 
toba," a large transport steamer, which carried 
some 13,000 soldiers to Cuba and Porto Rico with- 
out a single accident. In view of the approach- 
ing session of the Forty-first General Assembly, 
it being apparent that the war was over, Mr. 
Aspinwall applied for a discharge, which was 
refused, a 20-days' leave of absence being granted 
in.stead. A discharge was finally granted about 
the middle of February, when he resumed his 
seat in the Senate. Mr. Aspinwall owns and 
operates a large farm near Freeport. 

ASSUMPTION, a town in Christian County, on 
the Illinois Central Railroad, 33 miles south by 
west from Decatur and 9 miles north of Pana. 
It is situated in a rich agricultural and coal min- 
ing district, and has two banks, five churches, a 
public school, two weekly papers and coal mines. 
Population (1880), 706; (1890), 1,076; (1900), 1,703. 

ASTORIA, town in Fulton County, on Rock 
Island & St. Louis Division C, B. & Q. R. R. ; 
has city waterworks, electric light plant, tele- 
phone exchange, three large grain elevators, 
pressed brick works; six churches, two banks, 
two weekly papers, city hall and park, and good 
schools; is in a coal region; busine.ss portion is 
built of brick. Pop. (1890), 1,.^.57; (1900), 1,684. 

ATCHISON, TOPEKA & SANTA FE RAIL- 
WAY COMPANY. This Company operates three 
subsidiary lines in Illinoi.s — the Chicago, Santa 
Fe & California, the Atchison, Topeka and Santa 
Fe in Chicago, and the Mississippi River Rail- 
road & Toll Bridge, which are operated as a 
through line between Chicago and Kansas City, 
with a branch from Ancona to Pekin, 111., hav- 
ing an aggregate operated mileage of 515 miles, of 



which 395 are in Illinois. The total earnings and 
income for the year ending June 30, 1895, were 
§1,298,600, while the operating expenses and fixei' 
charges amounted to 53,360,706. The accunru- 
lated deficit on the whole line amounted, June 30, 
1894, to more than §4,500,000. The total capitali- 
zation of the whole line in 1895 was §53,775,251. 
The parent road was chartered in 1859 under the 
name of the Atchison & Topeka Railroad ; but in 
1863 was changed to the Atchison, Topeka & 
Santa Fe Railroad. The construction of the main 
line was begun in 1859 and completed in 1873. 
The largest number of miles operated was in 
1893, being 7,481.65. January 1, 1896, the road 
was reorganized under the name of The Atchison. 
Topeka & Santa Fe Railway Company (its present 
name), which succeeded by purchase under fore- 
closure (Dec. 10, 1895) to the property and fran- 
chises of the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe 
Railroad Company. Its mileage, in 1895, was 
6.481.65 miles. The executive and general officers 
of the system (1898) are: 

Aldace F. Walker, Chairman of the Board, 
New York ; E. P. Ripley, President, Chicago ; C. 
M. Higginson, Ass't to the President, Chicago; 
E. D. Kenna, 1st Vice-President and General 
Solicitor, Chicago; Paul Morton, 2d Vice-Presi- 
dent, Chicago; E. Wilder, Secretary and Treas- 
urer, Topeka ; L. C. Deming, Assistant Secretary, 
New York ; H. W. Gardner, Assistant Treasurer, 
New York; Victor Morawetz, General Counsel, 
New York; Jno. P. Whitehead, Comptroller, 
New York; H. C. Whitehead, General Auditor, 
Chicago; W. B. Biddle, Freight Traffic Manager, 
Chicago; J. J. Frej% General Manager, Topeka; 
H. W. Mudge, General Superintendent, Tojieka; 
W. A. Bissell, Assistant Freight Traffic Manager, 
Chicago; W. F. White, Passenger Traffic 
Manager, Chicago; Geo. T. Nicholson, Assistant 
Passenger Traffic Manager, Chicago; W. E. 
Hodges, General Purchasing Agent, Chicago; 
James A. Davis, Industrial Commissioner, Chi- 
cago ; James Dun, Chief Engineer, Topeka, Kan. ; 
John Player, Superintendent of Machinery, 
Topeka, Kan. ; C. W. Kouns, Superintendent Car 
Service, Topeka, Kan. ; J. S. Hobson, Signal 
Engineer, Topeka; C. G. Sholes, Superintendent 
of Telegraph, Topeka, Kan. ; C. W. Ryus, General 
Claim Agent, Topeka ; F. C. Gay, General Freight 
Agent, Topeka; C. R. Hudson, Assistant General 
Freight Agent, Topeka; W. J. Black, General 
Passenger Agent, Chicago; P. Walsh, General 
Baggage Agent, Chicago. 

ATHENS, an incorporated city and coal-mining 
town in Menard County, on the Chicago, Peoria 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



27 



& St. Louis R. R., north by northwest of Spring- 
fieUi. It is also the center of a prosperous agri- 
cultural and stock-raising district, and large 
numbers of cattle are shipped there for the Chi- 
cago market. The place has an electric lighting 
plant, brickyards, two machine shops, two grain 
elevators, five churches, one newspaper, and good 
schools. Athens is one of the oldest towns in 
Central Illinois. Pop. (1890), 944; (1900), 1,535. 
ATKINS, Smith D., soldier and journalist, was 
born near Elmira, N. Y. , June 9, 183G ; came with 
his father to Illinois in 1846, and lived on a farm 
till 1850; was educated at Rock River Seminary, 
Mount Slorris, meanwhile learning the printer's 
trade, and afterwards established "The Savanna 
Register" in Carroll County. In 1854 he began 
the study of law, and in 1860, while practicing at 
Freeport, was elected Prosecuting Attorney, but 
resigned in 1861, being the first man to enlist as a 
private soldier in Stephenson County. He served 
as a Captain of the Eleventh Illinois Volunteers 
(three-months" men), re-enlisted witli the same 
rank for three years and took part in the capture 
of Fort Donelson and the battle of Sliiloh, serv- 
ing at the latter on the staff of General Hurlbut. 
Forced to retire temporarily on account of his 
health, he next engaged in raising volunteers in 
Northern Illinois, was finall}- commissioned Col- 
onel of the Ninety-second Illinois, and, in June, 
1863, was assigned to command of a brigade in 
the Army of Kentucky, later serving in the Army 
of the Cumberland. On the organization of Sher- 
man's great "March to the Sea," he efliciently 
cooperated in it, was brevetted Brigadier-General 
for gallantrj- at Savannah, and at the close of the 
war, by special order of President Lincoln, was 
brevetted Major General. Since the war, Gen- 
eral Atkins' chief occupation has been that of 
editor of "The Freeport Journal," though, for 
nearly twenty-four years, he served as Post- 
master of that city. He took a prominent part 
in the erection of the Stephenson Count}' Sol- 
diers' Monument at Freeport, has been President 
of the Freeport Public Library since its organiza- 
tion, member of the Board of Education, and since 
1895, by app<iintment of the Governor of Illinois, 
one of the Illinois Commissioners of the Chicka- 
mauga and Chattanooga Military Park. 

ATKINSON, village of Henry County, on the 
Chicago, Rock Island & Pacific Railway, 39 miles 
east of Rock Island; has an electric light plant, a 
bank and a newspaper. Pop. (1890), 534; (1900), 763. 

ATLANTA, a city of Logan County, on the 
Chicago & Alton Railroad, 20 miles southwest of 
Bloomington. It stands on a high, fertile prairie 



and the surroimding region is rich in coal, as. 
well as a productive agricultural and stock-rais- 
ing district. It has a water-works system, elec- 
tric light plant, five churches, a graded school, a 
weekly paper, two banks, a floiiring mill, and is 
the headquarters of the Union Agricultural So- 
ciety established in 1860. Population (1900). 1.270. 
ATLAS, a hamlet in the southwestern part of 
Pike County, 10 miles soutliwest of Pittsfield and 
three miles from Rockport, the nearest station on 
the Quincy & Louisiana Division of the Chicago, 
Burlington & Quincy Railroad. Atlas has an in- 
teresting history. It was settled by Col. William 
Ross and four brothers, who came here from 
Pittsfield, Mass., in the latter part of 1819, or 
early in 1830, making there the first settlement 
within the present Limits of Pike County. The 
tovi-n was laid out by the Rosses in 1823, and the 
next j'ear the county-seat was removed thither 
from Coles Grove — now in Calhoun County — but 
which had been the first county-seat of Pike 
County, when it comprised all the territory lying 
north and west of the Illinois River to the Mis- 
sissippi River and the Wisconsin State line. 
Atlas remained the county-seat until 1833, when 
the seat of justice was removed to Pittsfield. 
During a part of that time it was one of the 
most important points in the western part of the 
State, and was, for a time, a rival of Quincy. 
It now has only a postoffice and general store. 
The population, according to the census of 1890, 
was 52. 

ATTORNEYS-GENERAL. The following is a 
list of the Attorneys-General of Illinois under the 
Territorial and State Governments, down to the 
present time (1899), with the date and duration of 
the term of each incumbent : 

Territori.\l — Benjamin II. Doyle, July to De- 
cember, 1809; John J. Crittenden, Dec. 30 to 
April, 1810; Thomas T. Crittenden, April to 
October, 1810; Benj. M. Piatt, October, 1810-13; 
William Mears, 1813-18. 

.State — Daniel Pope Cook, March 5 to Dec. 14, 
1819; William Mears, 1819-21; Samuel D. Lock- 
wood, 1821-23; James Turney, 1823-29; George 
Forquer. 1829-33; James Semple, 1833-34; Ninian 
W. Edwards, 1834-35; Jesse B. Thomas, Jr., 
183.5-36; Walter B. Scales, 1836-37; Usher F. 
Linder. 1837-38; George W. Olney, 1838-39; Wick- 
liffe Kitchen, 1839-40; Jo.siah Lamborn, 1840-43; 
James Allen McDougal, 1843-46 ; David B. Camp- 
bell, 1846-48. 

The Constitution of 1848 made no provision for 
the continuance of the office, and for nineteen 
years it remained vacant. It was recreated, 



28 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



however, by legislative enactment in 1867, and 
on Feb. 38 of that year Governor Oglesby 
appointed Robert G. Ingersoll, of Peoria, to dis- 
cliarge the duties of the position, which he con- 
tinued to do until 1869. Subsequent incumbents 
of the office have been : Washington Bushnell, 
1869-73; James K. Edsall, 1873-81 ; James McCart- 
ney, 1881-85; George Hunt, 188.5-93; M. T. Moloney, 
1893-97; Edward C. Akin, 1897 — . Under the 
first Constitution (1818) the office of Attorney- 
General was filled by appointment by the Legisla- 
ture; under the Constitution of 1848, as already 
stated, it ceased to exist until created by act of 
the Legislature of 1867, but, in 1870, it was made 
a constitutional office to be filled by poinilar 
election for a term of four years. 

ATWOOD, a village lying partly in Piatt and 
partly in Douglas County, on the Cincinnati, 
Hamilton & Dayton R. R., 27 miles east of Deca- 
tur. The region is agricultural and fruit-grow- 
ing; the town lias two banks, an excellent school 
and a newspaper. Pop^ (1890), 530; (1900), 698. 

ATWOOD, Charles B., architect, was born at 
Millbury, Mass., May 18, 1849; at 17 began a full 
course in architecture at Harvard Scientific 
School, and, after graduation, received prizes for 
public buildings at San Francisco, Hartford and 
a number of other cities, besides furnishing 
designs for some of the finest private residences 
in the country. He was associated with D. H. 
Burnham in preparing plans for the Colmnbian 
Exposition buildings, at Chicago, for the World's 
Fair of 1893, and distinguished himself by pro- 
ducing plans for the "Art Building," the "Peri- 
style," the "Terminal Station" and other 
prominent structures. Died, in the niidst of bis 
highest successes as an architect, at Chicago, 
Dec. 19, 1895. 

AUBURN, a village of Sangamon County, on 
the Chicago & Alton Railroad, 15 miles south of 
Springfield ; has some manufactories of flour and 
farm implements, besides tile and brick works, 
two coal mines, electric light plant, two banks, 
several churches, a graded school and a weekly 
newspaper. Pop. (1890), 874; (1900), 1,381. 

AUDITORS OF PUBLIC ACCOUNTS. The 
Auditors of Public Accounts under the Terri- 
torial Government were H. H. Maxwell, 1812-16; 
Daniel P. Cook, 1816-17; Robert Blackwell, (April 
to August), 1817; Elijah C. Berry, 1817-18. Under 
the Constitution of 1818 the Auditor of Public 
Accounts was made appointive by the legislature, 
without limitation of term ; but by the Constitu- 
tions of 1848 and 1870 the office was made 
elective by the people for a term of four years. 



The following is a list of the State Auditors 
from the date of the admission of the State into 
the Union down to the present time (1899), with 
the date and duration of the term of each: 
Elijah C. Berry, 1818-31; James T. B. Stapp, 
1831-35; Levi Davis, 1835-41; James Shields, 
1841-43; WilUamLeeD. Ewing, 1843-46; Thomas 
H. Campbell, 1846-57; Jesse K. Dubois, 1857-64; 
Orlin H. Miner, 1864-69; Charles E. Lippincott, 
1869-77; Thomas B. Needles, 1877-81; Charles P. 
Swigert, 1881-89; C. W. Pavey, 1889-93; David 
Gore, 1893-97; James S. McCullough, 1897 — . 

AUGUSTA, a village in Augusta township, 
Hancock County, on the Chicago, Burlington & 
Quincy Railroad, 36 miles northeast of Quincy. 
Wagons and brick are the principal manufac- 
tures. The town has one new,spaper, two banks, 
tliree churclies and a graded school. The sur 
rounding country is a fertile agricultural region 
and abounds in a good quality of bituminous 
coal. Fine qualities of potter's clay and mineral 
paint are obtained here. Population (1890), 
1,077; (1900), 1,149. 

AUtiUSTANA COLLEGE, an educational insti- 
tution controlled by the Evangelical Lutheran 
denomination, located at Rock Island and founded 
in 1863. Besides preparatory and collegiate de- 
partments, a theological school is connected with 
the institution. To the two first named, young 
women are admitted on an equality with 
men. More than 500 students were reported in 
attendance in 1896, about one-fourth being 
women. A majority of the latter were in the 
preparatory (or academic) department. The col- 
lege is not endowed, but owns property (real 
and personal) to the value of §350,000. It has a 
library of 12,000 volumes. 

AURORA, a city and important railroad cen- 
ter, Kane County, on Fox River, 39 miles south- 
west of Chicago; is location of principal shops of 
Chicago, Burlington & Quincy R. R., has fine 
water-power and many successful manufactories, 
including extensive boiler works, iron foundries, 
cotton and woolen mills, flour mills, silver-plat- 
ing works, corset, sash and door and carriage 
factories, stove and smelting works, establish- 
ments for turning out road-scrapers, buggy tops, 
and wood-working machinery. The city owns 
water-works and electric light plant; has six 
banks, four daily and several weekly papers, 
some twenty-five churches, e.Kcellent scliools and 
handsome public library building; is connected 
by interurban electric lines with the principal 
towns and villages in the Fox River valley. 
Population (1890), 19,688; (1900), 24,147. 



HISTORICAL EXCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



29 



AUSTIN, a suburb of Chicago, in Cook County. 
It is accessible from that city by either the Chi- 
cago & Northwestern Railway, or by street 
railway lines. A weekly newspaper is issued, a 
graded school is supported (including a high 
school department) and there are numerous 
churches, representing the various religious 
denominations. Population (1880), l,;r)9; (1890), 
4,031. Annexed to City of Chicago, 1899. 

AUSTIN COLLEGE, a mixed school at Effing- 
liam, lU., founded in 1890. It has eleven teachers 
and reports a total of 313 pupils for 1897-98—163 
males and 1.50 females. It has a library of 2,000 
volumes and reports property valued at .537,000. 

AUSTRALIAN BALLOT, a form of ballot for 
popular elections, thus named because it was 
first brought into use in Australia. It was 
adopted by act of the Legislature of Illinois in 
1891, and is applicable to the election of all public 
officers except Trustees of Schools, School Direct- 
ors, members of Boards of Education and officers 
of road districts in counties not under township 
organization. Under it, all ballots for the elec- 
tion of •; fficers (except those just enumerated) 
are required to be printed and distributed to the 
election officers for use on the day of election, at 
public cost. These ballots contain the names, 
on the same sheet, of all candidates to be voted 
for at such election, such names having been 
formally certified previously to the Secretary of 
State (in the case of candidates for offices to be 
voted for by electors of the entire State or anj- 
district greater than a single county) or to the 
County Clerk (as to all others), by the presiding 
officer and secretary of the convention or caucus 
making such nominations, when the party repre- 
sented cast at least two per cent of the aggregate 
vote of the State or district at the preceding gen- 
eral election. Other names may be added to the 
ballot on the petition of a specified number of the 
legal voters under certain prescribed conditions 
named in the act. The duly registered voter, on 
presenting himself at the poll, is given a copy of 
the official ticket by one of the judges of election, 
upon which he proceeds to indicate his prefer- 
ence in a temporary booth or closet set apart for 
his use. by making a cross at the head of the col- 
umn of candidates for whom he wishes to vote, if 
he desires to vote for all of the candidates of the 
same party, or bj' a similar mark before the name 
of each individual for wliom he wishes to vote, in 
case he desires to distribute his support among 
the candidates of different parties. The object of 
the law is to secure for the voter secrecy of the 
ballot, with independence and freedom from dic- 



tation or interference by others in the exercise of 
his right of suffrage. 

AV.\,atown in Jackson County (incorporated 
as a city, 1901), on the Mobile & Ohio Railroad 
(Cairo & St. Louis Division), 7.5 miles .soutli- 
southeast from St. Louis. It has two banks and 
two newspapers. Pop. (1890), 807; (1900), 984. 

AVON, village of Fulton County, on C, B & Q. 
R. R. , 20 miles soutli of Galosburg; has drain- 
pipe works, two factories for manufacture of 
steam- and hot-water heaters, two banks and two 
newspapers; agricultural fair held here annu- 
ally. Population (1900). 809; (1904, est.), 1,000. 

AYER, Beiijaiuin F., lawyer, was born in 
Kingston, N. H., April 23, 183.i, graduated at 
Dartmouth College in 1846, studied law at Dane 
Law School (Harvard University), was admitted 
to the bar and began practice at Manchester, 
X. H. After serving one term in the New Hamp- 
shire Legislature, and as Prosecuting Attorney 
for Hillsborough County, in 18.57 he came to Chica- 
go, soon advancing to the front rank of lawyers 
then in practice there ; became Corporation Counsel 
in 18G1, and, two years later, drafted the revised 
city charter. After the close of his official career, 
he was a member for eight years of the law firm of 
Beckwith, Ayer & Kales, and afterwards of the 
firm of Ayer & Kales, until, retiring from general 
practice, Mr. Ayer became Solicitor of the Illinois 
Central Railroad, then a Director of the Company, 
and is at present its General Counsel and a potent 
factor in its management. 

AYERS, Marshall Paul, banker, Jacksonville, 
was born in Philadelphia. Pa., July 27, 1823; 
came to Jacksonville, 111., with his parents, in 
1830, and was educated there, graduating from 
Illinois College, in 1843, as the classmate of Dr. 
Newton Bateman, afterwards President of Knox 
College at Galesburg, and Rev. Thomas K. 
Beecher, now of Elmira, N.Y. After leaving col- 
lege he became the partner of his father (David 
B. Ayers) as agent of 3Ir. John Grigg, of Philadel- 
phia, who was the owner of a large body of Illi- 
nois lands. Ilis father dying in 18.50, Mr. Aj'ers 
succeeded to the management of the business, 
about 75,000 acres of Mr. Grigg's unsold lands 
coming under his charge. In December, 18.53, 
with the assistance of Massrs. Page & Bacon, bank- 
ers, of St. Louis, he opened the first bank in Jack- 
sonville, for the sale of exchange, but wliich 
finallj- grew into a bank of deposit and has been 
continued ever since, being recognized as one of 
the most solid institutions in Central Illinois. In 
1870-71, aided by Philadelphia and New York 
capitalists, he built the "Illinois Farmers' Rail- 



30 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



road" between Jacksonville and Waverly, after- 
wards extended to Virdeu and finally to Centralia 
and Mount Vernon. This was the nucleus of the 
Jacksonville Southeastern Raihvay, though Mr. 
Ayers has had no connection with it for several 
years. Other business enterprises with which he 
has been connected are the Jacksonville Gas Com- 
pany (now including an electric light and power 
plant), of which he has been President for forty 
years; the "Home Woolen Mills" (early wiped 
out by fire), sugar and paper-barrel manufacture, 
coal-mining, etc. About 1877 he purchased a 
body of 23,600 acres of land in Champaign County, 
known as "Broadlands," from John T. Alexander, 
an extensive cattle-dealer, who had become 
heavily involved during the years of financial 
revulsion. As a result of this transaction, Mr. 
Alexander's debts, which aggregated §1,000,000, 
were discharged within the next two j'ears. Mr. 
Ayers has been an earnest Republican since the 
organization of that party and, during the war, 
rendered valuable service in assisting to raise 
funds for the support of the operations of the 
Christian Commission in the field. He has also 
been active in Sunday School, benevolent and 
educational work, having been, for twenty years, 
a Trustee of Illinois College, of which he has 
been an ardent friend. In 1846 he was married 
to Miss Laura Allen, daughter of Rev. John 
Allen, D. D., of Huntsville, Ala., and is the father 
of four sons and four daughters, all living. 

BABCOCK, Amos C, was born at Penn Yan, 
N. Y., Jan. 20, 1828, the son of a member of Con- 
gress from that State ; at the age of 18, having 
lost his father by death, came West, and soon 
after engaged in mercantile business in partner- 
ship with a brother at Canton, 111. In 18.54 he 
was elected by a majority of one vote, as an Anti- 
Nebraska Whig, to the lower branch of the Nine- 
teenth General Assembly, and, in the following 
session, took part in the election of United States 
Senator which resulted in the choice of Lyman 
TiTimbull. Although a personal and political 
friend of Mr. Lincoln, Mr. Babcock, as a matter 
of policy, cast his vote for his townsman, William 
Kellogg, afterwards Congressman from that dis- 
trict, luitil it was apparent that a concentration 
of the Anti-Nebraska vote on Trumbull was 
necessary to defeat the election of a Democrat. 
In 1862 he was appointed by President Lincoln 
the first Assessor of Internal Revenue for the 
Fourth District, and, in 1863, was commissioned 
by Governor Yates Colonel of the One Hundred 
and Third Illinois Volunteers, but soon resigned. 
Colonel Babcock served as Delegate-atlarge in 



the Republican National Convention of 1868, 
which nominated General Grant for the Presi- 
dency, and the same year was made Chairman of 
the Republican State Central Committee, also 
conducting the campaign two years later. He 
identified himself with the Greeley movement in 
1872, but, in 1876, was again in line with his 
party and restored to his old position on the State 
Central Committee, serving until 1878. Among 
business enterprises with which he was con- 
nected was the extension, about 1854, of the Buda 
branch of the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy 
Railroad from Yates City to Canton, and the 
erection of the State Capitol at Austin, Tex., 
which was undertaken, in conjunction with 
Abner Taylor and J. V. and C. B. Farwell, about 
1881 and completed in 1888, for which the firm 
received over 3,000,000 acres of State lands in the 
"Pan Handle" portion of Texas. In 1889 Colonel 
Babcock took up his residence in Chicago, which 
continued to be his home until his death from 
apoplexy, Feb. 25, 1899. 

BABCOCK, Andrew J., soldier, was born at 
Dorchester, Norfolk County, Mass., July 19, 1830; 
began life as a coppersmith at Lowell; in 1851 
went to Concord, N. H., and, in 18.56, removed to 
Springfield, 111. , where, in 18.59, he joined a mili- 
tary company called the Springfield Greys, com- 
manded by Capt. (afterwards Gen. ) John Cook, of 
which he was First Lieutenant. This company 
became the nucleus of Company I, Seventh Illi- 
nois Volunteers, which enlisted on Mr. Lincohi's 
first call for troops in April, 1861. Captain Cook 
having been elected Colonel, Babcock succeeded 
him as Captain, on the re-enlistment of the regi- 
ment in July following becoming Lieutenant- 
Colonel, and, in March, 1862, being promoted to 
the Colonelcy "for gallant and meritorious service 
rendered at Fort Donelson." A year later he was 
compelled to resign on account of impaired 
health. His home is at Springfield. 

BACO>', George E., lawyer and legislator, born 
at Madison, Ind., Feb. 4, 1851; was brought to 
Illinois by his parents at three years of age, and, 
in 1876, located at Paris, Edgar County; in 1879 
was admitted to the bar and held various minor 
offices, including one term as State's Attorney. 
In 1886 he was elected as a Republican to the 
State Senate and re-elected four years later, but 
finally removed to Aurora, where he died, July 
6, 1896. Mr. Bacon was a man of recognized 
ability, as shown by the fact that, after the death 
of Senator John A. Logan, he was selected by his 
colleagues of the Senate to pronounce the eulogy 
on the deceased statesman. 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



31 



BAGBT, John C, jurist and Congi-essman, was 
bom at Glasgow, Ky., Jan. 24, 1819. After pas- 
sing through the common schools of Barren 
County, Ky., he studied civil engineering at 
Bacon College, graduating in 1840. Later he 
reiid law and was admitted to the bar in 1845. 
In 1840 he commenced practice at Rushville, 111., 
confining himself exclusivelj' to professional work 
until nominated and elected to Congress in 1874, 
by the Democrats of the (old) Tenth District. In 
1885 he was elected to the Circuit Bench for the 
Sixtli Circuit. Died, April 4, 1896. 

BAILEY, Joseph Mead, legislator and jurist, 
was born at Middleburj-, Wyoming County, N. Y., 
June 23, 1833, graduated from Rochester (N. Y.) 
University in 1854, and was admitted to the 
bar in tliat city in 1855. In Augiist, 1856, he 
removed to Freeport, 111., wliere he soon built up 
a profitable practice. In 1866 he was elected a 
Representative in the Twenty-fifth General 
Assembly, being re-elected in 1868. Here he was 
especially prominent in securing restrictive legis- 
lation concerning railroads. In 1876 he was 
chosen a Presidential Elector for his district on 
the Republican ticket. In 1877 he was elected a 
Judge of the Tliirteenth judicial district, and 
re-elected in 1879 and in 1885. In January, 
1878, and again in June, 1879. he was assigned to 
the bench of the Appellate Court, being presiding 
Justice from June, 1879, to June, 1880, and from 
June, 1881, to June. 1882. In 1879 he received 
the degree of LL.D. from the Universities of 
Rochester and Chicago. In 1888 he was elected 
to the bench of the Supreme Court. Died in 
office. Oct. 16. 1895. 

BAILHACHE, John, pioneer journalist, was 
born in the Island of Jersey, May 8, 1787; after 
gaining the rudiments of an education in his 
mother tongue (the French), he acquired a knowl- 
edge of English and some proficiency in Greek 
and Latin in an academy near his paternal home, 
when he spent five years as a printer's apprentice. 
In 1810 he came to the United States, first locat- 
ing at Cambridge, Ohio, but, in 1812, purchased a 
half interest in "The Fredonian" at Chillicothe 
(then the State Capital), soon after becoming sole 
owner. In 1815 he purchased "The Scioto Ga- 
zette" and consolidated the two papers under the 
name of "The Scioto Gazette and Fredonian 
Chronicle." Here he remained until 1828, mean- 
time engaging temporarily in the banking busi- 
ness, also serving one term in the Legislature 
(1820), and being elected Associate Justice of the 
Court of Common Pleas for Ross County. In 
1828 he removed to Columbus, a.ssuming charge 



of "The Ohio State Journal," served one term as 
Mayor of the city, and for three consecutive 
years was State Printer. Selling out "The Jour- 
nal" in 1836, he came west, the next year becom- 
ing part owner, and finally sole proprietor, of "The 
Telegraph" at Alton, 111., which he conducted 
alone or in association with various partners until 
1854, when he retired, giving his attention to the 
book and job branch of the business. He served as 
Representative from Madison County in tlie Thir- 
teenth General Assembly (1842-44). As a man 
and a journalist Judge Bailhache c;ommanded the 
highest respect, and did much to elevate the 
standard of journalism in Illinois, "The Tele- 
graph," during the period of his connection with 
it, being one of the leading papers of the State. 
His death occurred at Alton, Sept. 3, 1857, as the 
result of injuries received the day previous, by 
being thrown from a carriage in which he was 
riding. — Maj. William Henry (Bailhache), son of 
the preceding, was born at Chillicothe, Ohio, 
August 14, 1826, removed with his father to Alton, 
111., in 1836, was educated at Shurtleff College, 
and learned the printing trade in the office of 
"The Telegraph," imder the direction of his 
father, afterwards being associated with the 
business department. In 1855, in partnership 
with Edward L. Baker, he became one of the 
proprietors and business manager of "The State 
Journal" at Springfield. During the Civil War 
he received from President Lincoln the appoint- 
ment of Captain and Assistant Quartermaster, 
serving to its close and receiving the brevet rank 
of Major. After the war he returned to journal- 
ism and was associated at different times with 
"The State Journal" and "The Quincy Whig," 
as business manager of each, but retired in 1873; 
in 1881 was appointed by President Arthur, 
Receiver of Public Moneys at Santa Fe., X. M., 
remaining four years. He is now (1899) a resi- 
dent of San Diego, Cal., where he has been 
engaged in newspaper work, and, under the 
administration of President McKinley, has been 
a Special Agent of the Treasury Department. — 
Preston Heath (Bailhache), another son, was 
born in Columbus. Ohio, Feb. 21, 1835, served as 
a Surgeon during the Civil War, later became a 
Surgeon in the regular army and has held posi- 
tions in marine hospitals at Baltimore, Washing- 
ton and New York, and has visited Europe in the 
interest of sanitary and hospital service. At 
present (1899) he occupies a prominent position 
at the headquarters of the United States Marine 
Hospital Service in Washington. — Arthur Lee 
(Bailhache). a third son, bom at Alton, 111., April 



32 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



13, 1839; at the beginning of the Civil War was 
employed in the State commissary service at 
Camp Yates and Cairo, became Adjutant of the 
Thirty-eighth Illinois Volunteers, and died at 
Pilot Knob, Mo., Jan. 9, 1863, as the result of 
disease and exposure in the service. 

BAKER, David Jewett, lawyer and United 
States Senator, was born at East Haddani, Conn. , 
Sept. 7, 1793. His family removed to New York 
in 1800, where he worked on a farm during boy- 
hood, but graduated from Hamilton College in 
1816, and three years later was admitted to the 
bar. In 1819 he came to Illinois and began prac- 
tice at Kaskaskia, where he attained prominence 
in his profession and was made Probate Judge of 
Randolph County. His ojiposition to the intro- 
duction of slavery into the State was so aggres- 
sive that his life was frequently threatened. In 
1830 Governor Edwards appointed him United 
States Senator, to fill the unexpired term of 
Senator McLean, but he served only one month 
when he was succeeded by John M. Robinson, 
who was elected by the Legislature. He was 
United States District Attorney from 1833 
to 1841 (the State then constituting but 
one district), and thereafter resvxmed private 
practice. Died at Alton, August 6, 1869. 
— Henry Southard (Baker), son of the pre- 
ceding, was born at Kaskaskia, 111., Nov. 10, 
1834, received his preparatory education at Shurt- 
leff College, Upper Alton, and, in 1843, entered 
Brown University, R. I., graduating therefrom 
in 1847; was admitted to the bar in 1849, begin- 
ning practice at Alton, the home of his father, 
Hon. David J. Baker. In 18.54 he was elected as an 
Anti-Nebraska candidate to the lower branch of 
the Nineteenth General Assembly, and, at the 
subsequent session of the General Assembly, was 
one of the five Anti -Nebraska members who.se 
uncompromising fidelity to Hon. Lyman Trum- 
bull resulted in the election of the latter to the 
United States Senate for the first time — the others 
being his colleague. Dr. George T. Allen of the 
House, and Hon. John M. Pahner, afterwards 
United States Senator, Burton C. Cook and Nor- 
man B. Judd in the Senate. He served as one of the 
Secretaries of the Republican State Convention 
held at Bloomington in May, 1850, was a Repub- 
lican Presidential Elector in 1864, and, in 1865, 
became Judge of the Alton City Com-t, serving 
until 1881. In 1876 he presided over the Repub- 
lican State Convention, served as delegate to the 
Republican National Convention of the same 
year and was an unsuccessful candidate for 
Congress in opposition to William R. Morrison. 



Judge Baker was the orator selected to deliver 
the address on occasion of the unveiling of the 
statue of Lieut. -Gov. Pierre Menard, on the 
capitol grounds at Springfield, in Januarj', 1888. 
About 1888 he retired from practice, dying at 
Alton, March 5, 1897. — Edward L. (Baker), 
second son of David Jewett Baker, was born at 
Kaskaskia, 111., June 3, 1829; graduated at Shurt- 
leff College in 1847 ; read law with his father t%vo 
years, after which he entered Harvard Law 
School and was admitted to the bar at Spring- 
field in 1855. Previous to this date Mr. Baker had 
become associated with William H. Bailliache, in 
the management of "The Alton Daily Telegraph," 
and, in July, 1855, they purchased "The Illinois 
State Journal," at Springfield, of which Mr. 
Baker assumed the editorship, remaining until 
1874. In 1869 he was appointed United States 
Assessor for the Eighth District, serving until 
the abolition of the office. In 1873 he received 
the appointment from President Grant of Consul 
to Buenos Ayres, South America, and, assuming 
the duties of the office in 1874, remained there 
for twenty-three j'ears, proving himself one of 
the most capable and efficient officers in the con- 
sular service. On the evening of the 20th of 
June, 1897, when Mr. Baker was about to enter a 
railway train already in motion at the station in 
the city of Buenos Ayres, he fell under the cars, 
receiving injuries which necessitated the ampu- 
tation of his right arm, finally resulting in his 
death in the hospital at Buenos Ayres, July 8, 
following. His remains were brought home at 
the Government expense and interred in Oak 
Ridge Cemetery, at Springfield, where a monu- 
ment has since been erected in his honor, bearing 
a tablet contributed by citizens of Buenos Ayres 
and foreign representatives in that city express- 
ive of their respect for his memory. — David 
Jewett (Baker), Jr., a third son of David Jswett 
Baker, Sr., was born at Kaskaskia, Nov. 30,1834; 
graduated from Shurtleff College in 18.54, and was 
admitted to the bar in 1850. In November of 
that year he removed to Cairo and began prac- 
tice. He was Mayor of that city in 1864-65, and, 
in 1869, was elected to the bench of the Nineteenth 
Judicial Circuit. The Legislature of 1873 (by Act 
of March 38) liaving divided the State into 
twenty-six circuits, he was elected Judge of the 
Twenty -sixth, on June 3, 1873. In August, 1878, 
he resigned to accept an appointment on the 
Supreme Bench as successor to Judge Breese, 
deceased, but at the close of his term on the 
Supreme Bench (1879), was re-elected Circuit 
Judge, and again in 1885. During this period he 



HISTOEICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



33 



served for several years on the Appellate Bench. 
In 1888 he retired from the Ciriruit Bench by- 
resignation and was elected a Justice of the 
Supreme Court for a term of nine years. Again, 
in 1897, he was a candidate for re-election, but 
was defeated by Carroll C. Boggs. Soon after 
retiring from tlie Supreme Bench lie removed to 
Chicago and engaged in general practice, in 
partnership with his son, John W. Baker. He 
fell dead almost instantly in liis office, March 13, 
1899. In all. Judge Baker liad spent some thirty 
years almost continuously on the bench, and liad 
attained eminent distinction both as a law3-er and 
a jurist. 

B.\KER, Edward Dickinson, soldier and 
United States Senator, was born in London, 
Eng., Feb. 24, 1811; emigrated to Illinois while 
yet in his minority, first locating at Belleville, 
afterwards removing to Cari'oUton and finally to 
Sangamon County, the last of which he repre- 
sented in the lower house of the Tenth General 
Assembly, and as State Senator in the Twelfth 
and Thirteenth. He was elected to Congress as 
a Whig from the Springfield District, but resigned 
in December, 1846, to accept the colonelcy of the 
Fomth Regiment, Illinois Volunteers, in the 
Mexican War, and succeeded General Shields in 
command of the brigade, when the latter was 
wounded at Cerro Gordo. In 1848 he was elected 
to Congi'ess from the Galena District ; was also 
identified with the construction of the Panama 
Railroad; went to San Francisco in 18.52, but 
'ater removed to Oregon, where he was elected 
to the United States Senate in 18G0. In 1861 he 
resigned the Senatorship to enter the Union 
army, commanding a brigade at the battle of 
Ball's Bluff, where he was killed, October 21, 1861. 

BAKER, Jehu, lawyer and Congressman, was 
born in Fayette County, Ky., Nov. 4, 1822. At 
an early age he removed to Illinois, making his 
home in Belleville, St. Cl.air County. He re- 
ceived his early education in the common schools 
and at McKendree College. Althougli he did 
not graduate from the latter institution, he 
received therefrom the honorary degree of A. M. 
in 18.58, and that of LL. D. in 1882. For a time 
he studied medicine, but abandoned it for the 
study of law. From 1861 to 1865 he was Master 
in Chancery for St. Clair Count}'. From 18C5 to 
1869 he represented the Belleville District as a 
Republican in Congress. From ISTC to 1881 and 
from 1883 to 1885 he was Minister Resident in 
Venezuela, during the latter portion of his term 
of service acting also as Consul-General. Return- 
ing home, he was again elected to Congress (1886) 



from the Eighteentli District, but was defeated 
for reelection, in 1888, by William S. Forman, 
Democrat. Again, in 1896, having identified 
liimself witli the Free Silver Democracy and 
People's Part}', he was elected to Congress from 
the Twentieth District over Everett J. Mm-phy, 
tlie Republican nominee, serving until March 3, 
1899. He is the author of an annotated edition 
of Montesquieu's "Grandeur and Decadence of 
the Romans." 

BALDWIN, Elmer, agriculturist and legisla- 
tor, was born in liitchfield County, Conn., March 
8, 1806; at 16 years of age began teaching a coun- 
try school, continuing this occupation for sevei"al 
years during the winter months, while working 
on his father's farm in the summer. He then 
started a store at New Milford, which he man- 
aged for three years, when he sold out on account 
of his health and began farming. In 1833 he 
came west and purchased a considerable tract of 
Government land in La Salle County, where the 
village of Farm Ridge is now situated, removing 
thither with his family the following year. He 
served as Justice of the Peace for fourteen con- 
secutive terms, as Postmaster twenty years and 
as a member of the Board of Supervisors of La 
Salle County six years. In 1856 he was elected 
as a Republican to the House of Representatives, 
was re-elected to the .same office in 1866, and to 
the State Senate in 1872, serving two years. He 
was also appointed, in 1869, a member of the first 
Board of Public Charities, serving as President of 
the Board. Mr. Baldwin is author of a "His- 
tory of La Salle County," which contains much 
local and biographical history. Died, Nov. 18, 
1895. 

BALDWIN, Tlieron, clergyman and educa- 
tor, was boi'n in Goshen, Conn., July 21, 1801; 
graduated at Yale College in 1827; after two 
years' study in the theological scliool there, was 
ordained a home missionary in 1829, becoming 
one of the celebrated "Yale College Band," or 
"Western College Society," of which lie was Cor- 
responding Secretary during most of his life. He 
was settled as a Congregationalist minister at 
Vandalia for two years, and was active in pro- 
curing the charter of Illinois College at Jackson- 
ville, of which he was a Trustee from its 
organization to his death. He served for a 
number of years, from 1831, as Agent of tlie 
Home Missionary Society for Illinois, and, in 
1838, became the first Principal of Jlonticello 
Female Seminary, near Alton, whicli he con- 
ducted five years. Died at Orange, N. J., April 
10, 1870. 



34 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLIXOIS. 



BALLARD, Addison, merchant, was born of 
Quaker parentage in Warren County, Ohio, No- 
vember, 1823. He located at La Porte, Ind., 
about 1841, wliere he learned and pursued the 
carpenter's trade; in 1849 went to California, 
remaining two years, when he returned to La 
Porte; in 1853 removed to Chicago and embarked 
in the lumber trade, which he prosecuted until 
1887, retiring with a competency. Mr. Ballard 
served several years as one of the Commissioners 
of Cook County, and, from 1876 to 1882, as Alder- 
man of the City of Chicago, and again in the 
latter office, 1894-96. 

BALTES, Peter Joseph, Roman Catholic Bishop 
of Alton, was born at Enslieim, Rhenish Ba- 
varia, April 7, 1827 ; was educated at the colleges 
of the Holy Cross, at Worcester, Mass. , and of St. 
Ignatius, at Chicago, and at Lavalle University, 
Montreal, and was ordained a priest in 18.53, and 
consecrated Bishop in 1870. His diocesan admin- 
istration was successful, but regarded by lii« 
priests as somewhat arbitrary. He wrote numer- 
ous pastoral letters and brochures for the guidance 
of clergy and laity. His most important literary 
work was entitled "Pastoral Instruction," first 
edition, N. Y. , 1873; second edition (revised and 
enlarged), 1880. Died at Alton, Feb. 15, 1886. 

BALTIMORE & OHIO SOUTHWESTERN 
RAILWAY. This road (constituting a part of the 
Baltimore & Ohio system) is made up of two 
principal divisions, the first extending across the 
State from East St. Louis to Belpre, Oliio, and the 
second (known as tlie Springfield Division) extend- 
ing from Beardstown to Shawneetown. The total 
mileage of the former (or main line) is 537 
miles, of which 147}^ are in Illinois, and of the 
latter (wholly within Illinois) 228 miles. The 
main line (originally known as the Ohio & Mis- 
sissippi Railway) was chartered in Indiana in 
1848, in Ohio in 1849, and in Illinois in 1851. It 
was constructed by two companies, the section 
from Cincinnati to the Indiana and Illinois State 
line being known as the Eastern Division, and 
that in Illinois as the W^estern Division, the 
gauge, as originally built, being six feet, but 
reduced in 1871 to standard. The banking firm 
of Page & Bacon, of St. Louis and San Francisco, 
were the principal financial backers of the enter- 
prise. The line was completed and opened for 
traffic. May 1, 1857. Tlie following year the road 
became financially embarrassed ; the Eastern Di- 
vision was placed in the hands of a receiver in 
1860. while the Western Division was sold under 
foreclosure, in 1862, and reorganized as tlie Ohio 
& Mississippi Railway under act of the Illinois 



Legislature passed in Februaiy, 1861. The East- 
ern Division was sold in January, 1867 ; and, in 
November of the same year, the two divisions 
were consolidated under the title of the Ohio & 
Mississippi Railway. — The Springfield Division 
was the result of the consolidation, in December, 
1869, of the Pana, Springfield & Northwestern 
and the Illinois & Southeastern Railroad — each 
having been chartered in 1867 — the new corpo- 
ration taking the name of the Springfield & Illi- 
nois Southeastern Railroad, under which name 
the road was built and opened in March, 1871. In 
1873, it was placed in the hands of receivers ; in 
1874 was sold under foreclosure, and, on March 
1, 1875, passed into the hands of the Ohio & Mis- 
sissippi Railway Company. In November, 1876, 
the road was again placed in the hands of a 
receiver, but was restored to the Company in 1884. 
— In November, 1893, the Ohio & Mississippi was 
consolidated with the Baltimore & Ohio South- 
western Railroad, which was the successor of the 
Cincinnati, Washington & Baltimore Railroad, 
the reorganized Company taking the name of the 
Baltimore & Ohio Southwestern Railway Com- 
pany. The total capitalization of the road, as 
organized in 1898, was §84,770,531. Several 
branches of the main line in Indiana and Ohio go 
to increase the aggregate mileage, but being 
wholly outside of Illinois are not taken into ac- 
count in this statement. 

BALTIMORE & OHIO & CHICAGO RAIL- 
ROAD, part of the Baltimore & Ohio Railroad 
Sj'stem, of which only 8.21 out of 265 miles are in 
Illinois. The principal object of the company's 
incorporation was to secure entrance for the 
Baltimore & Oliio into Chicago. The capital 
stock outstanding exceeds §1,500,000. The total 
capital (including stock, funded and floating debt) 
is $20,329,166 or .$76,728 per mile. The gross 
earnings for the year ending June 30, 1898, were 
§3,383,016 and the operating expenses §2,493,452. 
The income and earnings for the portion of the 
line in Illinois for the same period were $209,208 
and the expenses §208,096. 

BANGS, Mark, lawyer, was born in Franklin 
County, Mass., Jan. 9, 1822; spent his boy- 
hood on a farm in Western New York, and, after 
a year in an institution at Rochester, came to 
Chicago in 1844, later spending two years in farm 
work and teaching in Central Illinois. Return- 
ing east in 1847, he engaged in teaching for 
two years at Springfield, Mass., then spent 
a year in a dry goods store at Lacon, 111., 
meanwhile prosecuting his legal studies, la 
1851 he began practice, was elected a Judgv 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



36 



of the Circuit Court in 1859 ; served one session 
as State Senator (1870-72) ; in 1873 was ap- 
pointed Circuit Judge to fill the unexpired 
term of Judge Richmond, deceased, and, in 187.5, 
was appointed by President Grant United States 
District Attorney for the Northern District, 
remaining in oflSce four years. Judge Bangs was 
also a member of the first Anti-Xebraska State 
Convention of Illinois, held at Springfield in 18.54 ; 
in 1863 presided over the Congressional Conven- 
tion %vhich nominated Owen Lovejoj' for Congress 
for the first time ; was one of the cliarter members 
of the "Union League of America,"' serving as its 
President, and, in 1868, was a delegate to the 
National Convention wliich nominated General 
Grant for President for the first time. After 
retiring from tlie ofiice of District Attorney in 
1879, lie removed to Chicago, where he is still 
(1898) engaged in the practice of his profession. 

BAXKSOX, Andrew, pioneer and early legis- 
lator, a native of Tennes.see, settled on Silver 
Creek, in St. Clair County, 111., four miles south 
of Lebanon, about 1808 or 1810, and subsequently 
removed to Washington Count}'. He was a Col- 
onel of "Rangers" during the War of 1812, and a 
Captain in the Black Hawk War of 1833. In 
1823 he was elected to the State Senate from 
Washington County, serving four years, and at 
the session of 1822-23 was one of those who voted 
against the Convention resolution which had for 
its object to make Illinois a slave State. He sub- 
sequently removed to Iowa Territory, but died, in 
1853, while visiting a son-in-law in Wisconsin. 

BAPTISTS. The first Baptist minister to set- 
tle in Illinois was Elder James Smith, who 
located at New Design, in 1787. He was fol- 
lowed, about 1796-97, by Revs. David Badgley and 
Joseph Chance, who organized the first Baptist 
church within the limits of the State. Five 
churches, having four ministers and 111 mem- 
bers, formed an association in 1807. Several 
causes, among them a difference of views on the 
slavery question, resulted in the division of the 
denomination into factions. Of these perhaps 
the most numerous was the Regular (or Mission- 
ary) Baptists, at the head of which was Rev. John 
M. Peck, a resident of tlie State from 1822 until 
his death (1858). By 1835 the sect had grown, 
until it had some 250 churches, with about 7,500 
members. These were under tlie ecclesiastical 
care of twenty-two Associations. Rev. Isaac 
McCoy, a Baptist Indian missionarj-, preached at 
Fort Dearborn on Oct. 9, 1825, and, eight years 
later. Rev. Allen B. Freeman organized the first 
Baptist society in what was then an infant set- 



tlement. By 1890 the number of Associations 
had grown to forty, with 1010 churches. 891 
ministers and 88,884 members. A Baptist Theo- 
logical Seminary was for some time supported at 
Morgan Park, but, in 1895, was absorbed by the 
University of Chicago, becoming the divinity 
school of that institution. The chief organ of the 
denomination in Illinois is "The Standard." pub- 
lished at Chicago. 

BARBER, Uirani, was bom in Warren County, 
N. Y., March 24, 1835. At 11 years of age he 
accompanied his familj' to Wisconsin, of which 
State he was a resident until 1866. After gradu- 
ating at the State University of Wisconsin, at 
Madison, he studied law at the Albany Law 
School, and was admitted to practice. After 
serving one term as District Attorney of his 
county in Wisconsin (1861-62), and Assistant 
Attorney-General of the State for 1865-66, in 
the latter year he came to Chicago and, in 1878, 
was elected to Congress by the Republicans of 
the old Second Illinois District. His home is in 
Chicago, where he holds the position of Master in 
Chancery of the Superior Court of Cook County. 

BARDOLPH, a village of McDonough County, 
on the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy Railroad, 7 
miles northeast of Macomb; has a local paper. 
Population (1880), 409; (1890), 447; (1900), 387. 

BAR>'SBACK, (Veorge Frederick Julius, pio- 
neer, was born in Germany, July 25, 1781 ; came 
to Philadelphia in 1797, and soon after to Ken- 
tucky, where he became an overseer; two or 
three years later visited his native country, suf- 
fering shipwreck en route in the English Channel ; 
returned to Kentucky in 1802, remaining until 
1809, when he removed to wiiat is now Madison 
(then a part of St. Clair) County, 111. ; served in 
the War of 1812, farmed and raised stock until 
1824, when, after a second visit to Germany, he 
bought a plantation in St. Francois County, Mo. 
Subsequently becoming disgusted with slavery, 
he manumitted his slaves and returned to Illinois, 
locating on a farm near Edwardsville, where he 
resided until his deatli in 1869. Mr. Bamsback 
served as Representative in the Fourteenth Gen- 
eral A.ssembly (1844-46) and, after returning from 
Springfield, distributed his salary among the poor 
of Madison County. — Julius A. (Barnsback), his 
son, was born in St. Francois County, Mo., May 
14, 1826; in 1846 became a merchant at Troy, 
Madison County ; was elected Sheriff in 1860 ; in 
1864 entered the service as Captain of a Company 
in the One Hundred and Fortieth Illinois Volun- 
teers (100-days' men); also served as a member oi 
the Twenty-fourth General Assembly (18(55). 



36 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



BARNUM, William H., lawyer and ex-Judge, 
was born in Onondaga County, N. Y., Feb. 13, 
1840. When he was but two years old his family 
removed to St. Clair County, 111., where he passed 
his boyhood and youth. His preliminar}- educa- 
tion was obtained at Belleville, 111., Ypsilanti, 
Mich. , and at the Michigan State University at 
Ann Arbor. After leaving the in.stitution last 
named at the end of the sophomore year, he 
taught school at Belleville, still pursuing his clas- 
sical studies. In 1862 he was admitted to the bar 
at Belleville, and soon afterward opened an office 
at Chester, where, for a time, he held the office 
of Master in Chancery. He removed to Chicago 
in 1807, and, in 1879, was elevated to the bench 
of the Cook County Circuit Court. At the expi- 
ration of his term he resumed private practice. 

BAREERE, Granville, was born in Highland 
County, Ohio. After attending the common 
schools, he acquired a higher education at Au- 
gusta, Ky., and Slarietta, Ohio. He was admitted 
to the bar in his native State, but began the prac- 
tice of law in Fulton County, 111., in 185(5. In 
1873 he received the Republican nomination for 
Congress and was elected, representing his dis- 
trict from 1873 to 1875, at the conclusion of his 
term retiring to private life. Died at Canton, 
lU., Jan. 13, 1889. 

BARRINGTO]V, a village located on the north- 
em border of Cook County, and partly in Lake, 
at the intersection of the Chicago & Northwestern 
and the Elgin, Joliet & Eastern Railway, 33 miles 
northwest of Chicago. It has banks, a local paper, 
and several cheese factories, being in a dairying 
district. Population (189U), 818; (1900), 1,163. 

BARROWS, John Henry, D. D., clergyman 
and educator, was born at Medina, Mich., July 
11, 1847; graduated at Mount Olivet College in 
1867, and studied theology at Yale, Union and 
Andover Seminaries. In 1869 he went to Kansas, 
where he spent two and a half years in mission- 
ary and educational work. He then (in 1872) 
accepted a call to the First Congi-egational 
Church at Spi'ingfleld, 111., where he remained a 
year, after which he gave a year to foreign travel, 
visiting Europe, Egypt and Palestine, during a 
part of the time supplying the American chapel 
in Paris. On his return to the United States he 
spent six years in pastoral work at Lawrence and 
East Boston, Mass., when (in November, 1881) he 
assumed the pastorate of the First Presbyterian 
Church of Chicago. Dr. Barrows achieved a 
world-wide celebrity by his services as Chairman 
of the "Parliament of Religions," a branch of the 
"World's Congress Auxiliary," held dm-ing the 



World's Columbian Exposition in Chicago in 
1893. Later, he was appointed Professorial Lec- 
turer on Comparative Religions, under lectureships 
in connection with the University of Chicago en- 
dowed by Mrs. Caroline E. Haskell. One of these, 
established in Dr. Barrows' name, contemplated 
a series of lectures in India, to be delivered on 
alternate years with a similar course at the Uni- 
versity. Courses were delivered at the University 
in 1895-96, and, in order to carry out the purposes 
of the foreign lectureship. Dr. Barrows found it 
necessary to resign his pastorate, which he did in 
the spring of 1896. After spending the summer 
in Germany, the regular itinerary of the round- 
the-world tour began at London in the latter part 
of November, 1896, ending with his return to the 
United States by way of San Francisco in May, 
1897. Dr. Barrows was accompanied by a party 
of personal friends from Chicago and elsewhere, 
the tour embracing visits to the princijial cities 
of Southern Europe, Egypt, Palestine, China and 
Japan, with a somewhat protracted stay in India 
during the winter of 1896-97. After his return to 
the United States he lectured at the University 
of Chicago and in many of the principal cities of 
the country, on the moral and religious condition 
of Oriental nations, but, in 1898, was offered 
the Presidency of Oberlin College, Ohio, which 
he accepted, entering upon his duties early in 
1899. 

BARRY, a city in Pike County, founded in 
1836. on the Wabash Railroad, 18 miles ea.'^t of 
Hannibal, Mo., and 30 miles .southeast of Quincy. 
The surrounding country is agricultural. The 
city contains flouring mills, porkpaoking and 
poultry establishments, etc. It has two local 
papers, two banks, three churches and a high 
school, besides schools of lower grade. Popula- 
tion (1880), 1,393; (1890). 1,354; (1900), 1,643. 

BARTLETT, Adolplms Clay, merchant, was 
born of Revolutionary ancestry at Stratford, 
Fulton County, N. Y. , June 23, 1844 ; was educated 
in the common schools and at Danville Academy 
and Clinton Liberal Institute, N. Y., and, coming 
to Chicago in 1863, entered into the employment 
of the hardware firm of Tuttle, Hibbard & Co. , 
now Hibbard, Spencer, Bartlett & Co., of which, 
a few years later, he became a partner, and later 
Vice-President of the Company. Mr. Bartlett 
has also been a Trustee of Beloit College, Presi- 
dent of the Chicago Home for the Friendless and 
a Director of the Chicago & Alton Railroad and 
the Metropolitan National Bank, besides being 
identified with various other business and benevo- 
lent associations. 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



37 



B.VSCOM, (Rev.) Flavel, 1). I)., clergyman, 
was born at Lebanon, Coun., June 8, 1804; spent 
liis boyhood on a farm until 17 years of age, mean- 
while attending the common schools; prepared 
for college under a private tutor, and, in 1824, 
entered Yale College, graduating in 1828. After a 
vear as Principal of tiie Acadeiu^- at New Canaan, 
Conn., he entered upon the study of theology 
at Yale, was licensed to preach in 1831 and, for 
the next two years, served as a tutor in tlie liter- 
ary department of the college. Then coming to 
Illinois (1833), he cast his lot with the "Yale 
Band," organized at Yale College a few years 
previous ; spent five years in missionary work in 
Tazewell County and two years in Northern Illi- 
nois as Agent of the Home Jlissionary Society, 
exploring new settlements, founding churches 
and introducing missionaries to new fields of 
labor. In 1839 he became pastor of the First 
Presbyterian Church of Chicago, remaining until 
1849, when he assimied the pastorship of the First 
Presbyterian Church at Galesbui-g, this relation 
continuing until IS.jG. Then, after a year's serv- 
ice as the Agent of the American Missionary 
Association of the Congregational Church, he 
accepted a call to the Congregational Church at 
Princeton, where he remained until 1869, when 
he took charge of the Congregational Church at 
Hinsdale. From 1878 he served for a consider- 
able period as a member of the Executive Com- 
mittee of the Illinois Home Jlissionary Societj-; 
was also prominent in educational work, being 
one of the founders and, for over twenty-five 
years, an officer of the Chicago Theological 
Seminary, a Trustee of Knox College and one of 
the founders and a Trustee of Beloit College, 
AVis., from which he received the degree of D. D. 
in 1869. Dr. Bascom died at Princeton, 111 , 
August 8. 1890. 

BATAVIA, a city in Kane County, on Fox 
River and branch lines of the Chicago & North- 
we.stern and the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy 
Railro.ads, 35 miles west of Chicago; has water 
power and several prosperous manufacturing 
establishments em])loying over 1,000 operatives. 
The city has fine water-works supplied from an 
artesian well, electric lighting plant, electric 
street car lines with interurban connections, two 
weekly papers, eight churches, two public 
schools, and private hospital for insane women. 
Population (1900), 3,871; (1903, e.st.), 4.400. 

BATEMAX, Xewton, A. M., LL.D., educator 
and Editor-in-Chief of the "Historical Encyclo- 
pedia of Illinois," was Iwrn at Fairfield, N. J., 
July 27, 1822, of mixed English and Scotch an- 



cestry; was brought by his parents to Illinois in 
1833; in his youth enjoyed only limited educa- 
tional advantages, but graduated from Illinois 
College at Jacksonville in 1843, supporting him- 
self during his college course wholly by his own 
labor. Having contemplated entering the Chris- 
tian ministry, he spent the following year at Lane 
Theological Seminary, but was compelled to 
withdraw on account of failing healtli, when he 
gave a year to travel. He then entered upon his 
life-work as a teacher by engaging as Principal 
of an English and Classical School in St. Louis, 
remaining there two years, when he accepted the 
Professorship of Mathematics in St. Charles Col- 
lege, at St. Charles, Mo., continuing in that 
position foxrr years (1847-51). Returning to Jack- 
sonville. 111., in the latter year, he assumed the 
principalship of the main public school of that 
city. Here he remained seven years, during four 
of them discharging the duties of County Super- 
intendent of Schools for Morgan County. In the 
fall of 1857 he became Principal of Jacksonville 
Female Academj', but the following year was 
elected State Superintendent of Public Instruc- 
tion, having been nominated for the office b}- the 
Republican State Convention of 1858, which put 
Abraham Lincoln in nomination for the United 
States Senate. By successive re-elections he con- 
tinued in this office fourteen years, serving con- 
tinuously from 1859 to 1875, except two years 
(1863-65), as the result of his defeat for re-election 
in 1862. He was also endorsed for the same office 
by the State Teachers' Association in 1856, but 
was not formally nominated by a State Conven- 
tion. During his incumbency the Illinois com- 
mon school system was developed and brought to 
the state of efficiency which it has so well main- 
tained. He also prepared some seven volumes of 
biennial reports, portions of which have been 
republished in five different languages of Europe, 
besides a volmne of "Common School Decisions," 
originally published by authority of the General 
Assembly, and of which several editions have 
since been issued. This volume has been recog- 
nized by the courts, and is still regarded as 
authoritative on the subjects to whicli it relates. 
In addition to his official duties during a part of 
this period, for three j'ears he served as editor of 
"The Illinois Teacher," and was one of a com- 
mittee of three which prepared the bill adopted 
by Congress creating tlie National Bureau of 
Education. Occupying a room in the old State 
Capitol at Springfield adjoining that iLsed as an 
office by Abraham Lincoln during the first candi- 
dacy of the latter for the Presidency, in 1860, a 



38 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLIXOIS. 



close intimacy sprang up between the two men, 
which enabled the "School-master," as Mr. Lin- 
coln plaj'fully called the Doctor, to acquire an 
insight into the character of the future emanci- 
pator of a race, enjoyed by few men of that time, 
and of which he gave evidence by his lectures 
full of interesting reminiscence and eloquent 
appreciation of the high character of the "Martyr 
President." A few months after his retirement 
from the State Superintendency (187.5), Dr. Bate- 
man was offered and accepted the Presidency of 
Knox College at Galesburg, remaining until 1893, 
when he voluntarily tendered his resignation. 
This, after having been repeatedly urged upon 
the Board, was finally accepted ; but that body 
immediately, and by unanimous vote, appointed 
him President Emeritus and Professor of Mental 
and Moral Science, under which he continued to 
discharge his duties as a special lecturer as his 
health enabled him to do so. During his incum- 
bency as President of Knox College, he twice 
received a tender of the Presidency of Iowa State 
University and the Chancellorship of two other 
important State institutions. He also served, by 
appointment of successive Governors between 1877 
and 1891, as a member of the State Board of 
Health, for four years of this period being Presi- 
dent of the Board. In February, 1878, Dr. Bate- 
man, unexpectedly and without solicitation on his 
part, received from President Hayes an appoint- 
ment as "Assay Commissioner" to examine and 
test the fineness and weight of United States 
coins, in accordance with the provisions of the 
act of Congress of June 22, 1874, and discharged 
the duties assigned at the mint in Philadelpliia. 
Never of a very strong physique, which was 
rather weakened by his privations while a stu- 
dent and his many years of close confinement to 
mental labor, towards the close of his life Dr. 
Bateman suffered much from a chest trouble 
which finally developed into "angina pectoris," 
or heart disease, from which, as tlie result of a 
most painful attack, lie died at his home in Gales- 
burg, Oct. 21, 1897. The event produced the 
most profound sorrow, not only among his associ- 
ates in the Faculty and among the students of 
Knox College, but a large number of friends 
throughout the State, who had known him offi- 
cially or personally, and had learned to admire 
liis many noble and beautiful traits of character. 
His funeral, which occurred at Galesburg on 
Oct. 25, called out an immense concourse of 
sorrowing friends. Almost the last labors per- 
formed by Dr. Bateman were in the revision of 
matter for this volume, in wliich he manifested 



the deepest interest from the time of his assump- 
tion of tlie duties of its Editor-in-Chief. At the 
time of his death he had the satisfaction of know- 
ing that his work in tliis field was practically 
complete. Dr. Bateman had been twice married, 
first in 18.50 to Miss Sarah Dayton of Jacksonville, 
who died in 1857, and a second time in October, 
1859, to Miss Annie N. Tyler, of Massachusetts 
(but for some time a teacher in Jaclcsonville 
Female Academy), who died. May 28, 1878. — 
Clifford Rush (Bateman), a son of Dr. Bateman 
by his first marriage, was born at Jacksonville, 
March 7, 1854, graduated at Amherst College and 
later from the law department of Columbia Col- 
lege, New York, afterwards prosecuting his 
studies at Berlin, Heidelberg and Paris, finally 
becoming Professor of Administrative Law and 
Government in Columbia College — a position 
especially created for him. He had filled this 
position a little over one year wlien his career — 
which was one of great promise — was cut short by 
death, Feb. G, 1883. Three daughters of Dr. Bate- 
man survive — all tlie wives of clergymen. — P. S. 

BATES, Clara Doty, author, was born at Ann 
Arbor, Mich., Dec. 22, 1838; published her first 
book in 1868; the next year married Morgan 
Bates, a Chicago publisher; wrote much for 
juvenile periodicals, besides stories and poems, 
some of the most popular among the latter being 
"Blind Jakey" (1868) and "^sop's Fables" in 
verse (1873). She was the collector of a model 
library for children, for the World's Columbian 
Expo,sition, 1893. Died in Chicago, Oct. 14, 1895. 

BATES, Erastus Newton, soldier and State 
Treasurer, was born at Plainfield, Mass., Feb. 29, 
1828, being descended from Pilgrims of the May- 
flower. When 8 years of age he was bi-ought by 
his father to Ohio, where the latter soon after- 
ward died. For several years he lived with an 
uncle, preparing himself for college and earning 
money by teaching and manual labor. He gradu- 
ated from Williams College, Mass., in 1853, and 
commenced the study of law in New York Citj', 
but later removed to Minnesota, where lie served 
as a member of the Constitutional Convention of 
1856 and was elected to the State Senate in 1857. 
In 1859 he removed to Centralia, 111., and com- 
menced practice there in August, 1802 ; was com- 
missioned Major of the Eightieth Illinois 
Volunteers, being successively promoted to the 
rank of Lieutenant-Colonel and Colonel, and 
finally brevetted Brigadier-General. For fifteen 
months he was a prisoner of war, escaping from 
Libby Prison only to be recaptured and later 
exposed to the fire of the Union batteries at Mor- 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



39 



ris Island, Charleston harbor. In 18GG he was 
elected to the Legislature, and, in 1868, State 
Treasurer, being re-elected to the latter office 
under the new Constitution of 1870, and serving 
until January, 1873. Died at Minneapolis, 
Minn., May 29, 1898, and was buried at Spring- 
field. 

BATES, George C, lawyer and politician, was 
born in Canandaigua, N. Y., and removed to 
Michigan in 1834; in 1849 was appointed United 
States District Attorney for that State, but re- 
moved to California in 1850, where he became a 
member of the celebrated "Vigilance Committee" 
at San Francisco, and, in 1850, delivered the first 
Republican speech there. From 1861 to 1871, he 
practiced law in Chicago; the latter year was 
appointed District Attorney for Utah, serving 
two years, in 1878 removing to Denver, Colo., 
where he died, Feb. 11, 1886. Mr. Bates was an 
orator of much reputation, and was selected to 
express the thanks of the citizens of Chicago to 
Gen. B. J. Sweet, commandant of Camp Douglas, 
after the detection and defeat of the Camp Doug- 
las conspiracy in November, 1864^a duty which 
he performed in an address of great eloquence. 
At an early day he man-ied the widow of Dr. 
Alexander Wolcott, for a number of years previ- 
ous to 1830 Indian Agent at Chicago, his wife 
being a daughter of John Kinzie, the first white 
settler of Chicago. 

BATH, a village of Mason County, on the 
Jacksonville branch of the Chicago, Peoria & St. 
Louis Railway, 8 miles south of Havana. Popu- 
lation (1880), 439; (1890), 384; (1900), 330. 

BAYLIS, a corporate village of Pike County, 
on the main line of the Wabash Railway, 40 miles 
southeast of Quincy ; has one newspaper. Popu- 
lation (1890), 368; (1900), 340. 

BATLISS, Alfred, Superintendent of Public 
Instruction, was born about 1846, served as a 
private in the First Michigan Cavalry the last 
two years of the Civil War, and graduated from 
Hillsdale College (Mich.), in 1870, supporting 
himself during his college course by work upfjn a 
farm and teaching. After serving three years as 
County Superintendent of Schools in La Grange 
County, Ind., in 1874 he came to Illinois and 
entered upon the vocation of a teacher in the 
northern part of the State. He served for some 
time as Superintendent of Schools for the city of 
Sterling, afterwards becoming Principal of the 
Township High School at Streator. where he was, 
in 1898, when he received the nomination for the 
office of State Superintendent of Public Instruc- 
tion, to which he was elected in November follow- 



ing by a plurality over his Democratic opponent 
of nearly 70.000 votes. 

BEARD, Thomas, pioneer and founder of the 
city of Beardstown, 111., was born in Granville, 
Washington County, N. Y., in 1795, taken to 
Northeastern Ohio in 1800, and, in 1818, removed 
to Illinois, living for a time about Edwardsville 
and Alton. In 1820 he went to the locality of 
the present city of Beardstown, and later estab- 
lished there the first ferry across the Illinois 
River. In 1827, in conjunction with Enoch 
March of Morgan Count}-, he entered the land on 
which Beardstown was platted in 1829. Died, at 
Beardstown, in November, 1849. 

BEARDSTOWN, a city in Cass County, on the 
Illinois River, being the intersecting point for 
the Baltimore & Ohio Southwestern and the Chi- 
cago, Burlington & Quincy Railways, and the 
northwestern terminus of the former. It is 111 
miles north of St. Louis and 90 miles south of 
Peoria. Thomas Beard, for whom the town was 
named, settled here about 1820 and soon after- 
wards established the first ferry across the Illi- 
nois River. In 1827 the land was patented by 
Beard and Enoch March, and the town platted, 
and, during the Black Hawk War of 1832, it 
became a principal base of supplies for the Illi- 
nois volunteers. The city has six churches and 
three schools (including a high scliool), two banks 
and two daily newspapers. Several branches of 
manufacturing are carried on here — flouring and 
saw mills, cooperage works, an axe-handle fac- 
tory, two button factories, two stave factories, 
one shoe factory, large machine shops, and others 
of less importance. The river is spanned here by 
a fine railroad bridge, costing some §300,000. 
Population (1890), 4,226; (1900), 4,827. 

BEAUBIEX, Jean Baptlste, the second per- 
manent settler on the site of Chicago, was born 
at Detroit in 1780, became clerk of a fur-trader oc 
Grand River, married an Ottawa woman for his 
first wife, and, in 1800, had a trading-post at Mil- 
waukee, which he maintained until 1818. Ho 
visited Chicago as early as 1804, bought a cabia 
tliere soon after the Fort Dearborn massacre of 
1812, married the daughter of Francis La Fram- 
boise, a French trader, and, in 1818, becama 
agent of the American Fur Company, having 
charge of trading posts at Mackinaw and else- 
where. After 1823 he occupied the building 
known as "the factory. " ju.st outside of Fort Dear- 
torn, which had belonged to the Government, 
but removed to a farm on the Des Plaines in 1840. 
Out of the ownership of this building grew his 
claim to the right, in 1835, to enter seventy-five 



40 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



acres of land belonging to the Fort Dearborn 
reservation. The claim was allowed by the Land 
Office officials and sustained by the State courts, 
but disallowed by the Supreme Court of the 
United States after long litigation. An attempt 
was made to revive this claim in Congress in 
1878, but it was reported upon adversely by a 
Senate Committee of which the late Senator 
Thomas F. Bayard was chairman. Mr. Beaubien 
was evidently a man of no little prominence in 
his day. He led a company of Chicago citizens 
to the Black Hawk War in 1833, was appointed 
by the Governor the first Colonel of Militia for 
Cook County, and, in 1850, was commissioned 
Brigadier-General. In 1858 he removed to Nash- 
ville, Tenn., and died there, Jan. 5, 1863. — Mark 
(Beaubien), a younger brother of Gen. Beaubien, 
was born in Detroit in 1800, came to Chicago in 
182G, and bought a log house of James Kinzie, in 
which he kept a hotel for some time. Later, he 
erected the first frame building in Chicago, which 
was known as the "Sauganash," and in which he 
kept a hotel until 1834. He also engaged in mer- 
chandising, but was not successful, ran the first 
ferry across the South Branch of the Chicago 
River, and served for many years as lighthouse 
keeper at Chicago. About 1834 the Indians trans- 
ferred to him a reservation of 640 acres of land on 
the Calumet, for which, some forty years after- 
wards, he received a patent which had been 
signed by Martin Van Buren — he having previ- 
ously been ignorant of its existence. He was 
married twice and had a family of twenty-two 
children. Died, at Kankakee, 111. , April 16, 1881. 
^Madore B. (Beaubien), the second son of 
General Beaubien by his Indian wife, was born 
on Grand River in Michigan, July 15, 1809, joined 
his father in Chicago, was educated in a Baptist 
Mission School where Niles, Mich., now stands; 
was licensed as a merchant in Chicago in 1831, 
but failed as a business man; served as Second 
Lieutenant of the Naperville Company in the 
Black Hawk War, and later was First Lieutenant 
of a Chicago Company. His first wife was a 
white woman, from whom he separated, after- 
wards marrying an Indian woman. He left Illi- 
nois with the Pottawatomies in 1840, resided at 
Council Bluffs and, later, in Kansas, being for 
many years the official interpreter of the tribe 
and, for some time, one of six Commissioners 
employed by the Indians to look after their 
affairs with the United States Government. — 
Alexander (Beaubien), son of General Beau- 
bien by his white wife, was born in one of the 
buildings belonging to Fort Dearborn, Jan. 28, 



1822. In 1840 he accompanied his father to his 
farm on the Des Plaines, but returned to Chicago 
in 1862, and for years past has been employed on 
the Chicago police force. 

6EBB, William, Governor of Ohio, was born 
in Hamilton County in that State in 1802 ; taught 
school at North Bend, the home of William Henry 
Harrison, studied law and practiced at Hamilton ; 
served as Governor of Ohio, 1846-48; later led a 
Welsh colony to Tennessee, but left at the out- 
break of the Civil War, removing to Winnebago 
County, 111., where he had purchased a large 
body of land. He was a man of uncompromising 
loyalty and high principle ; served as Examiner 
of Pensions by appointment of President Lincoln 
and, in 1868, took a prominent part in the cam- 
paign which resulted in Grant's first election to 
the Presidency. Died at Rockford, Oct. 23, 1873. 
A daughter of Governor Bebb married Hon. 
John P. Reynolds, for many years the Secretary 
of the Illinois State Agricultural Society, and, 
during the World's Columbian Exposition, 
Director-in-Chief of the Illinois Board of World's 
Fair Commissioners. 

BECKER, Charles St. >'., ex-State Treasurer, 
was born in Germany, June 14, 1840, and brought 
to this country by his parents at the age of 11 
years, the family .settling in St. Clair County, 111. 
Early in the Civil War he enlisted in the Twelfth 
Missouri regiment, and, at the battle of Pea 
Ridge, was so severely wounded that it was 
foimd necessary to amputate one of his legs. In 
1866 he was elected Sheriff of St. Clair County, 
and, from 1873 to 1880, he served as clerk of the 
St. Clair Circuit Court. He also served several 
terms as a City Councilman of Belleville. In 1888 
he was elected State Treasurer on the Republican 
ticket, serving from Jan. 14, 1889, to Jan. 12, 1891. 

BECKWITH, Corydon, lawyer and jurist, was 
born in Vermont in 1823, and educated at Provi- 
dence, R. I. , and Wrentham, Mass. He read law 
and was admitted to the bar in St. Albans, Vt., 
where he i^racticed for two years. In 1853 he 
removed to Chicago, and, in January, 1864, was 
appointed by Governor Yates a Justice of the 
Supreme Court, to fill the five remaining months 
of the unexpired term of Judge Caton, who had 
resigned. On retiring from the bencli he re- 
sumed private practice. Died, August 18, 1890. 

BECKWITH, Hiram Williams, lawyer and 
author, was born at Danville. 111., March 5, 1S33. 
Mr. Beckwith's father, Dan W. Beckwith, a pio- 
neer settler of Eastern Illinois and one of the 
founders of the city of Danville, was a native of 
Wyalusing, Pa., where he was born about 1789, 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



41 



his mother being, in her girlhood, Hannah York, 
one of the survivors of the famous Wj-oming 
massacre of 1778. In 1817, tlie senior Beckwith, 
in company with liis brother George, descended 
the Ohio Kiver, afterwards ascending tlie Wabasli 
to wliere Terre Haute now stands, but finally 
locating in what is now a part of Edgar County, 
111. A year later he removed to the vicinity of 
the present site of the city of Danville. Having 
been employed for a time in a surveyor's 
corps, he finally became a surveyor himself, and, 
on the organization of Vermilion County, served 
for a time as County Surveyor by appointment of 
the Governor, and was also employed by the 
General Government in surveying lands in the 
eastern part of the State, some of the Indian 
reservations in that section of the State being 
set off by him. In connection with Guy W. 
Smith, then Receiver of Public Moneys in the 
Land Office at Palestine, 111., he donated the 
ground on which the county-seat of Vermilion 
County was located, and it took the name of Dan- 
ville from his first name — "Dan." In 1830 he 
was elected Representative in the State Legisla- 
ture for the District composed of Clark, Edgar, 
and Vermilion Counties, then including all that 
section of the State between Crawford County 
and the Kankakee River. He died in 1835. 
Hiram, the subject of this sketch, thus left 
fatherless at less than three years of age, received 
only such education as was afforded in the com- 
mon schools of that period. Nevertheless, he 
began the study of law in the Danville office of 
Lincoln & Lamon, and was admitted to practice 
in 1854, abo\it the time of reaching his majority. 
He continued in their office and, on the removal 
of Lamon to Bloomington In 1839, he succeeded 
to the business of the firm at Danville. Mr. 
Lamon — who, on Mr. Lincoln's accession to the 
Presidency in 1861, became Marshal of the Dis- 
trict of Columbia — was distantly related to Mr. 
Beckwith by a second marriage of the mother of 
the latter. While engaged in the practice of his 
profession, 5Ir. Beckwith has been over thirty 
years a zealous collector of records and other 
material bearing upon the early history of Illinois 
and the Northwest, and is probably now the 
owner of one of the most complete and valuable 
collections of Americana in Illinois. He is also 
the author of several monographs on liistoric 
themes, including "The Winnebago War," "The 
Illinois and Indiana Indians," and "Historic 
Notes of the Northwest." published in the "Fer- 
gus Series." besides having e<lited an edition of 
"Reynolds' History of Illinois" (published by the 



same firm), which he has enriched by the addition 
of valuable notes. During 1895-1)6 he contributed 
a series of valuable articles to "The Chicago 
Tribune" on various features of early Illinois and 
Northwest history. In 1890 he was appointed by 
Governor Fifer a member of the first Board of 
Trustees of the Illinois State Historical Library, 
serving until the expiration of his term in 1894, 
and was re-ap[)ointed to the same position by 
Governor Tanner in 1897, in each case being 
chosen President of the Board. 

BEECHEB, Charles A., attorney and railway 
solicitor, was born in Herkimer County, N. Y., 
August 37, 1829, but, in 1836, removed with his 
family to Licking County, Ohio, where he lived 
upon a farm until he reached the age of 18 years. 
Having taken a course in the Ohio Wesleyan 
University at Delaware, in 1854 he removed to 
Illinois, locating at Fairfield, Wayne County, 
and began the study of law in the office of his 
brother, Edwin Beecher, being admitted to prac- 
tice in 1855. In 1867 he united with others in the 
organization of the Illinois Southeastern Rail- 
road projected from Shawneetown to Edgewood 
on the Illinois Central in Effingham County. 
This enterprise was consolidated, a j'ear or two 
later, with the Pana, Springfield & Northwest- 
ern, taking the name of the Springfield & Illinois 
Southeastern, under which name it was con- 
structed and opened for traffic in 1871. (This 
line — which Mr. Beecher served for some time 
as Vice-President — now constitutes the Beards- 
town & Shawneetown Division of the Baltimore 
& Ohio Southwestern.) The Springfield & Illi- 
nois Southeastern Company having fallen into 
financial difficulty in 1873, Mr. Beecher was 
appointed receiver of the road, and, for a time, 
had control of its operation as agent for the bond- 
holders. In 1875 the line was conveyed to the 
Ohio & Mississippi Railroad (now a part of the 
Baltimore & Ohio), when Mr. Beecher became 
General Counsel of the controlling corporation, 
so remaining until 1888. Since that date he has 
been one of the assistant counsel of the Baltimore 
& Ohio system. His present home is in Cincin- 
nati, although for over a quarter of a century he 
has been prominently identified with one of the 
most important railway enterprises in Southern 
Illinois. In politics Mr. Beecher has always been 
a Republican, and was one of the few in Wayne 
County who voted for Fremont in 1856, and fen- 
Lincoln in I860. He was also a member of 
the Republican State Central Committee of 
Illinois from 1860 for a period of ten or twelve 
years. 



•42 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



BEECHER, Edward, D. D., clergyman and 
educator, was born at East Hampton, L. I., 
August 37, 1803 — tlie son of Rev. Lyman Beeclier 
and the elder brother of Henry Ward ; graduated 
at Yale College in 1822, taught for over a year at 
Hartford, Conn., studied theology, and after a 
year's service as tutor in Yale College, in 
1826 was ordained pastor of the Park Street 
Congregational Church in Boston. In 1830 
he became President of Illinois College at 
Jacksonville, remaining until 1844, when he 
resigned and returned to Boston, serving as 
pastor of the Salem Street Church in that 
city until 1856, also acting as senior editor of 
"The Congregationalist" for four years. In 1856 
he returned to Illinois as pastor of the First Con- 
gregational Church at Galesburg, continuing 
until 1871, when he removed to Brooklyn, wliere 
he resided without pastoral charge, except 1885- 
89, when he was pastor of the Parkville Congre- 
gational Church. While President of Illinois 
College, that institution was exposed to much 
hostile criticism on account of his outspoken 
opposition to slavery, as shown by his participa- 
tion in founding the first Illinois State Anti- 
Slavery Society and his eloquent denunciation of 
the murder of Elijah P. Lovejoy. Next to his 
brother Henry Ward, he was probably the most 
powerful orator belonging to that gifted family, 
and, in connection with his able associates in the 
faculty of the Illinois College, assisted to give 
that institution a wide reputation as a nursery 
of independent thought. Up to a short time 
before his death, he was a prolific writer, his 
productions (besides editorials, reviews and con- 
tributions on a variety of subjects) including 
nine or ten volumes, of which the most impor- 
tant are: "Statement of A nti Slavery Principles 
and Address to the People of Illinois'" (1837); 
"A Plea for Illinois College"; "HLstory of the 
Alton Riots" (1838); "The Concord of Ages" 
(1853); "The Conflict of Ages" (1854); "Papal 
Conspiracy Exposed" (1854), besides a number 
of others invariably on religious or anti-slavery 
topics. Died in Brooklyn, July 28, 1895. 

BEECHER, William H., clergyman — oldest 
son of Rev. Lyman Beecher and brother of 
Edward and Henry Ward — was born at East 
Hampton, N. Y., educated at home and at An- 
dover, became a Congregationalist clergyman, 
occupying pulpits at Newport, R. 1., Batavia, 
N. Y., and Cleveland, Ohio; came to Chicago in 
his later years, dying at the home of his daugh- 
ters in that city, June 23, 1889. 

BEGGS, (Rev.) Stephen R., pioneer Methodist 



Episcopal preacher, was born in Buckingham 
County, Va., March 30, 1801. His father, who 
was opposed to slavery, moved to Kentucky in 
1805, but remained there only two years, when he 
removed to Clark County, Ind. The son enjoyed 
but poor educational advantages here, obtaining 
his education chiefly by his own efforts in what 
he called "Brush College." At the age of 21 he 
entered the ministry of the Methodist Episcopal 
Church, during the next ten years traveling 
diff'erent circuits in Indiana. In 1831 he was 
appointed to Chicago, but the Black Hawk War 
coming on immediately thereafter, he retired to 
Plainfield. Later he traveled various circuits in 
Illinois, until 1868, when he was superannuated, 
occupying his time thereafter in writing remi- 
niscences of his early history. A volume of this 
character published by him, was entitled "Pages 
from the Early History of the West and North- 
west." He died at Plainfield, 111., Sept. 9, 1895, 
in the 95th year of his age. 

BEIDLER, Henry, early settler, was born of 
German extraction in Bucks County, Pa., Nov. 
27, 1813; came to Illinois in 1843, settling first at 
Springfield, where he carried on the grocery 
business for five years, then removed to Chicago 
and engaged in the lumber trade in connection 
with a brother, afterwards carrying on a large 
lumber manufacturing business at Muskegon, 
Mich., which proved very profitable. In 1871 
Mr. Beidler retired from the lumber trade, in- 
vesting largely in west side real estate in the city 
of Chicago, which appreciated rapidly in value, 
making him one of the most wealthy real estate 
owners in Chicago. Died, March 16, 1893. — Jacob 
(Beidler), brother of the preceding, was born in 
Bucks County, Penn., in 1815; came west in 
1842, first began working as a carpenter, but 
later engaged in the grocery business with his 
brother at Springfield, 111. ; in 1844 removed to 
Chicago, where he was joined by his brother four 
years later, when they engaged largely in the 
lumber trade. Mr. Beidler retired from business 
in 1891, devoting his attention to large real estate 
investments. He was a liberal contributor to 
religious, educational and benevolent institutions. 
Died in Chicago, March 15, 1898. 

BELFIELD, Henry Holmes, educator, was 
born in Philadelphia, Nov. 17, 1837; was educated 
at an Iowa College, and for a time was tutor in 
the same ; during the War of the Rebellion served 
in the army of the Cumberland, first as Lieuten- 
ant and afterwards as Adjutant of the Eighth 
Iowa Cavalry, still later being upon the staff of 
Gen. E. M. McCook, and taking part in the 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



43 



Atlanta and Naslivillo campaigns. While a 
prisoner in the hands of the rebels he was placed 
under lire of the Union batteries at Charleston. 
Coming to Chicago in 1866, he served as Principal 
in various public schools, including the North 
Division High School. He was one of the eiirli- 
est advocates of manual training, and, on the 
establishment of the Chicago Manual Training 
School in 1884, was apjiointed its Director — a 
position wliioh he has continued to occupy. 
During 1S91-'J'3 he made a trip to Europe by 
apixjintment of the Government, to investigate 
the school systems in European countries. 

BELKX.\P, Hiigli Keid.e.xMeraber of Congress, 
was born in Keokuk, Iowa, Sept. 1, 1860, being 
the son of W. W. Belknap, for some time Secre- 
tary of War under President Grant. After 
attending the public schools of his native city, 
he took a course at Adams Academy, Quincy, 
Mass., and at Phillips Aeadenw, Andover, when 
he entered the service of the Baltimore & Ohio 
Railroad, where he remained twelve years in 
various departments, finally becoming Chief 
Clerk of the General Manager. In 1892 he retired 
from this position to become Superintendent of 
the South Side Ele\ated Railroad of Chicago. 
He never held any political position until nomi- 
nated (1894) as a Republican for the Fift.v-fourth 
Congress, in the strongly Democratic Third Dis- 
trict of Chicago. Although the returns showed 
a plurality of thirty -one votes for his Democratic 
opponent (Lawrence McGann), a recoimt proved 
him elected, when, Mr. McGann having volun- 
tarily withdrawn, Mr. Belknap was unanimously 
awarded the seat. In 1896 he was re-elected 
from a District usually strongly Democratic, 
receiving a plurality of 590 votes, but was 
defeated by his Democratic opponent in 1898, retir- 
ing frona Congress, March 3, 1899, when he re- 
ceived an ai)ix)intment as Paymaster in the Army 
from President McKinley, with the rank of Major. 
BELL, Robert, lawj-er, was born in Lawrence 
Coimty, 111., in 1829, educated at Mount Carmel 
and Indiana State University at Bloomington, 
graduating from the law department of the 
latter in 18.5.5; while yet in his minority edited 
"The Mount Carmel Register," during 1851-52 
becoming joint owner and editor of the same 
with his brother, Victor D. Bell. After gradu- 
ation he opened an office at Fairfield, Wayne 
County, but, in 1857, returned to Mount Carmel 
and from 1864 was the partner of Judge E. B. 
Green, until the ap])ointment of the latter Chief 
Justice of Oklahoma by President Harrison in 
1890. In 1869 Mr. Bell was appointed County 



Judge of Lawrence County, being elected to the 
same office in 1894. He was also President 
of the Illinois Southern Railroad Company 
until it was merged into the Cairo & Vincennes 
Road in 1867 ; later became President of the St. 
Louis & Mt. Carmel Railroad, now a part of the 
Louisville, Evansville & St. Louis line, and 
secured the construction of the division from 
Princeton, Ind., to Albion, 111. In 1876 he visited 
California as Special Agent of the Treasury 
Department to investigate alleged frauds in the 
Revenue Districts on the Pacific Coast ; in 1878 
was an unsuccessful candidate for Congress on 
the Republican ticket in the strong Democratic 
Nineteenth District; was appointed, the same 
year, a member of the Republican State Central 
Committee for the State-at-large, and, in 1881, 
officiated by appointment of President Garfield, 
as Commissioner to examine a section of the 
Atlantic & Pacific Railroad in New Mexico. 
Judge Bell is a gifted stump-speaker and is known 
in the southeastern part of the State as the 
"Silver-tongued Orator of the Wabash." 

BELLEVILLE, the county-seat of St. Clair 
County, a city and railroad center, 14 miles south 
of east from St. Louis. It is one of the oldest 
towns in the State, having been selected as the 
county-seat in 1814 and platted in 1815. It lies 
in the center of a rich agricultural and coal-bear- 
ing district and contains numerous factories of 
various descriptions, including flouring mills, a 
nail mill, glass works and shoe factories. It has 
five newspaper establishments, two being Ger- 
man, which issue daily editions. Its commercial 
and educational facilities are exceptionally good. 
Its population is largely of German descent. 
Population (1890), 15,361; (1900). 17,484. 

BELLEVILLE, CEMRALIA & E.\STER\ 
RAILRO.iD. (See Louisville, Evansville & St. 
Louis (Consolidated) Railroad.) 

BELLEVILLE & CARONDELET R.VILROAI), 
a short line of road extending from Belleville to 
East Carondelet, 111., 17.3 miles. It was chartered 
Feb. 20, 1881, and leased to the St. Louis, Alton 
& Terre Haute Railroad Company, June 1, 1883. 
The annual rental is .$30,000, a sum equivalent to 
the interest on the bonded debt. The capital 
stock (1895) is §500,000 and the bonded debt .$485,- 
000. In addition to these sums the floating debt 
swells the entire capitalization to §995,054 or §57,- 
317 per mile. 

BELLEVILLE A. ELDORADO RAILROAD, 
a road 50.4 miles in length running from Belle- 
ville to Duquoin, 111. It was chartered Feb. 22, 
1801, and completed Oct. 31, 1871. On July 1, 



44 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



1880, it was leased to the St Louis, Alton & 
Terre Haute Railroad Company for 48G years, and 
has since been operated by that corporation in 
connection with its Belleville branch, from East 
St. Louis to Belleville. At Eldorado the road 
intersects the Cairo & Vincennes Railroad and 
the Sha\vneetown branch of the St. Louis & 
Southeastern Railroad, operated by the Louisville 
& Npshville Railroad Company. Its capital 
stock (1895) is §1,000,000 and its bonded debt 
§.550,000. The corporate office is at Belleville. 

BELLEVILLE & ILL1>0IST0W> RAILROAD, 
(See St. Louis, Alton. & Tcrre Haute Railroad. } 

BELLEVILLE & SOUTHERN ILLINOIS 
RAILROAD, a road (laid with steel rails) run- 
ning frona Belleville to Duquoin, 111., 56.4 miles 
in length. It was chartered Feb. 15, 1857, and 
completed Dec. 15, 1873. At Duquoin it connects 
with the Illinois Central and forms a short line 
between St. Louis and Cairo. Oct. 1, 18G6, it was 
leased to the St. Louis, Alton & Terre Haute 
Railroad Company for 999 years. The capital 
stock is §1,692,000 and the bonded debt §1,000,- 
000. The corporate office is at Belleville. 

BELLMOKT, a village of Wabash County, on 
the Louisville, Evansville & St. Louis Railway, 9 
miles west of Mount Carmel. Population (1880), 
350; (1890), 487; (1900), 624. 

BELT RAILWAY COMPANY OF CHICAGO, 
THE, a corporation chartered, Nov. 22, 1883, and 
the lessee of the Belt Division of the Chicago & 
Western Indiana Railroad (which see). Its total 
trackage (all of standard gauge and laid with 66- 
pound steel rails) is 93.26 miles, distributed as fol- 
lows: Auburn Junction to Chicago, Milwaukee & 
St. PaulJunction, 15.9 miles; branches from Pull- 
man Jimction to Irondale, 111., etc., 5.41 miles; 
second track, 14.1 miles; sidings, 57.85 miles. 
The co.st of construction has been §524,549; capi- 
tal stock, §1,200,000. It has no funded debt. 
The earnings for the year ending Jime 30, 1895, 
were §556,847, the operating expenses §378,012, 
and the taxes §51,009. 

BELVIDERE,an incorporated city, the county- 
seat of Boone County, situated on the Kishwau- 
kee River, and on two divisions of tlie Chicago & 
Northwestern Railroad, 78 miles west-northwest 
of Chicago and 14 miles east of Rockford; is con- 
nected with the latter city by electric railroad. 
The city has twelve churches, five graded schools, 
and three banks (two national). Two daily and 
two semi-weekly papers are published here. Bel- 
videre also has very considerable manufacturing 
interests, including manufactories of sewing ma- 
chines, bicycles, automobiles, besides a large 



milk-condensing factory and two creameries. 
Population (1890), 3,807; (1900), 6,937. 

BEMEXT, a village in Piatt County, at inter- 
section of main line and Chicago Division of 
Wabash Railroad, 20 miles east of Decatur and 
166 miles south -southwest of Chicago; in agri- 
cultural and stock-raising district; has three 
grain elevators, broom factory, water-works, elec- 
tric-light plant, four churches, two banks and 
weekly paper. Pop. (1890), 1,129; (1900), 1,484. 

BENJAMIN, Reuben Moore, lawyer, born at 
Chatham Centre, Columbia County, N. Y., June 
29, 1833; was educated at Amherst College, Am- 
herst, Mass. ; spent one year in the law depart- 
ment of Harvard, another as tutor at Amherst 
and, in 1856, came to Bloomington, 111., where, on 
an examination certificate furnished by Abraham 
Lincoln, lie was licensed to practice. The first 
public office held by Mr. Benjamin was that of 
Delegate to the State Constitutional Convention 
of 1869-70, in which he took a prominent part in 
shaping the provisions of the new Constitution 
relating to corporations. In 1873 he was chosen 
Count}' Judge of McLean County, by repeated 
re-elections holding the position until 1886, when 
he resumed private practice. For more than 
twenty }'ears he lias been connected with tlie law 
department of Wesleyan University at Blooming- 
ton, a part of the time being Dean of the Faculty ; 
is also the author of several volumes of legal 
text-books. 

BENNETT MEDICAL COLLEGE, an Eclectic 
Medical School of Chicago, incorporated by 
special charter and opened in the autumn of 
1868. Its first sessions were held in two large 
rooms; its faculty consisted of seven professors, 
and there were thirty matriculates. More com- 
modious quarters were secured the following 
year, and a still better home after the fire of 1871, 
in which all the college property was destroyed. 
Another change of location was made in 1874. 
In 1890 the property then owned was sold and a 
new college building, in connection with a hos- 
pital, erected in a more quiet quarter of the city. 
A free dispensary is conducted by the college. 
The teaching faculty (1896) consists of nineteen 
professors, with four assistants and demonstra- 
tors. Women are admitted as pupils on equal 
terms with men. 

BENT, Charles, journalist, was born in Chi- 
cago, Dec. 8, 1844, but removed with his family, 
in 1856, to Morrison, Whiteside County, where, 
two years later, he became an apprentice to the 
printing business in the office of "The Whiteside 
Sentinel." In June, 1864, he enlisted as a soldier 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



45 



in the One Hundred and Fortietli Illinois (100- 
days" regiment) and, on the expiration of his term 
of service, re-enlisted in the One Hundred and 
Forty -seventh Illinois, being mustered out at 
Savannah, Ga., in January, 1866, with the rank 
of Second Lieutenant. Then resuming his voca- 
tion as a printer, in July, 1867, he purchased the 
office of "The Whiteside Sentinel," in which he 
learned his trade, and lias since been the editor of 
that paper, except during 1877-79 while engaged 
in writing a "Historj' of Whiteside Coiuity." 
He is a charter member of the local Grand Army 
Post and served on the staff of the Department 
Commander ; was Assistant Assessor of Internal 
Revenue during 1870-73, and, in 1878, was elected 
as a Republican to the State Senate for White- 
side and Carroll Counties, serving four years. 
Other positions held by him include the office of 
City Alderman, member of the State Board of 
Canal Commissioners (1883-85) and Commissioner 
of the Joliet Penitentiary (1889-93). He has also 
been a member of the Republican State Central 
Committee and served as its Chairman 1886-88. 

BEXTO>', county-seat of Franklin County, on 
111. Cent, and Chi. & E. 111. Railroads; has electric- 
light plant, water-works, saddle and harness fac- 
tory, two banks, two flouring mills, shale brick 
and tile works (projected), four churches and 
three weekly papers. Pop. (189U), 939; (1900), 1,341. 

BERDAN, James, lawj'er and County Judge, 
was born in New York City, July 4, 1805, and 
educated at Columbia and Yale Colleges, gradu- 
ating from the latter in the class of 1824. His 
father, James Berdan, Sr. , came west in the fall 
of 1819 as one of the agents of a New York 
Emigration Society, and, in January, 18-0, visited 
the vicinity of the present site of Jacksonville, 
111., but died soon after his return, in part from 
exposure incurred during his long and arduous 
winter journey. Thirteen years later (1832) his 
son, the subject of this sketch, came to the same 
region, and Jacksonville became his home for the 
remainder of his life. Mr. Berdan was a well- 
read lawyer, as well as a man of high principle 
and sound culture, with pure literary and social 
tastes. Although pos.sessing unusual capabilities, 
his refinement of character and dislike of osten- 
tation made him seek rather the association and 
esteem of friends than public office. In 1849 he 
was elected County Judge of Morgan Count}-, 
serving by a second election until 1857. Later 
he was Secretary for several years of the Tonica. 
& Petersburg Railroad (at that time in course of 
construction), .serving until it was merged into 
the St. Louis. Jacksonville & Chicago Railroad, 



now constituting a part of the Jacksonville di- 
vision of the Chicago & Alton Railroad; also 
served for many years as a Trustee of Illinois 
College. In the latter years of his life he was, for 
a considerable period, the law partner of ex-Gov- 
ernor and ex -Senator Richard Yates. Judge 
Berdan was the ardent political friend and 
admirer of Abraham Lincoln, as well as an inti- 
mate friend and frequent correspondent of the 
poet Longfellow, besides being the correspondent, 
during a long period of his life, of a number of 
other prominent literary men. Pierre Irving, 
the nephew and biographer of Washington Irving, 
was his brother-in-law through the marriage of a 
favorite sister. Judge Berdan died at Jackson- 
ville, August 24, 1884. 

BERGEN, (Rev.) John G., pioneer clergyman, 
was born at Hightstown, N. J., Nov. 27, 1790; 
studied theology, and, after two j'ears' service as 
tutor at Princeton and sixteen years as pastor of 
a Presbyterian church at Madison, N. J., in 1828 
came to Springfield, 111., and assisted in the 
erection of the first Protestant church in the 
central part of the State, of which he remained 
pastor until 1848. Died, at Springfield, Jan. 
17, 1872. 

BERGGRE:V, Augustus W., legislator, born in 
Sweden, August 17, 1840; came to the United 
States at 16 years of age and located at Oneida, 
Knox County, 111. , afterwards removing to Gales- 
burg; held various offices, including that of 
Sheriff oi Knox County (1873-81), State Senator 
(1881-89) — serving as President pro tern, of the 
Senate 1887-89, and was Warden of the State 
penitentiary at Joliet, 1888-91. He was for many 
years the very able and efficient President of the 
Covenant Mutual Life Association of Illinois, and 
is now its Treasurer. 

BERGIER, (Rev.) J, a secular priest, born in 
France, and an early missionarj- in Illinois. He 
labored among the Tamaroas. being in charge of the 
mission at Cahokia from 1700 to his death in 1710. 

BERRY, Orville F., lawyer and legislator, was 
born in McDonough County, 111., Feb. 16. 1852; 
early left an orphan and. after working for some 
time on a farm, removed to Carthage, Hancock 
County, where he read law and was admitted to 
the bar in 1877; in 1883 was elected Mayor of 
Carthage and twice re-elected ; was elected to the 
State Senate in 1888 and '92, and, in 1891, took a 
prominent part in securing the enactment of the 
compulsorj' education clause in the common 
school law. Mr. Berry presided over the Repub- 
lican State Convention of 1896, the same year was 
a candidate for re-election to the State Senate, 



46 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



but the certificate was awarded to his Democratic 
competitor, who was declared elected by 164 
plurality. On a contest before the Senate at the 
first session of the Fortieth General Assembly, 
the seat was awarded to Mr. Berry on the ground 
of illegality in the rulings of the Secretary of 
State affecting the vote of his opponent. 

BERRY, (Col.) William W., lawyer and sol- 
dier, was born in Kentucky, Feb. 33, 1834, and 
educated at Oxford, Ohio. His home being then 
in Covington, he studied law in Cincinnati, and, 
at the age of 23, began practice at Louisville, Ky., 
being married two years later to Miss Georgie 
Hewitt of Frankfort. Early in 1861 he entered 
the Civil War on the Union side as Major of the 
Louisville Legion, and subsequently served in 
the Army of the Cumberland, marching io the 
sea with Sherman and, during the period of his 
service, receiving four wounds. After the close 
of the war he was offered the position of Gov- 
ernor of one of the Territories, but, determining 
not to go further west than Illinois, declined. 
For three years he was located and in practice at 
Winchester, 111., but removed to Quiuoy in 1874, 
where he afterwards resided. He always took a 
warm interest in politics and, in local affairs, 
was a leader of his part}^ He was an organizer of 
the G. A. R. Post at Quincy and its first Com- 
mander, and, in 1884-85, served as Commander of 
the State Department of the G. A. R. He organ- 
ized a Young Men's Republican Club, as he 
believed that the yoimg minds should take an 
active part in politics. He was one of the com- 
mittee of seven appointed by the Governor to 
locate the Soldiers" and Sailors' Home for Illinois, 
and, after spending six months inspecting vari- 
ous sites offered, the institution was finally 
located at Quincy; was also Trustee of Knox 
College, at Galesburg, for several years. He v.'as 
frequently urged by his party friends to run for 
public office, but it was so much against his 
nature to ask for even one vote, that he would 
not consent. He died at his home in Quincy, 
much regretted. May 6, 1895. 

BESTOR, George C, legislator, born in Wash- 
ington City, April 11, 1811; was a.s.sistant docu- 
ment clerk in the House of Representatives eight 
years; came to Illinois in 1835 and engaged in 
real-estate business at Peoria; was twice ap- 
pointed Postmaster of that city (1843 and 1861) 
and three times elected Mayor ; served as finan- 
cial agent of the Peoria & Oquawka (now Chicago, 
Burlington & Quincy Railroad), and a Director of 
the Toledo, Peoria & Warsaw ; a delegate to the 
Whig National Convention of 1852; a State 



Senator (1858-62), and an ardent friend of Abra- 
ham Lincoln. Died, in Washington, May 14, 
1873, while prosecuting a claim against the 
Government for the construction of gunboats 
during the war. 

BETHALTO, a village of Madison County, on 
the Cleveland, Cincinnati, Chicago & St. Louis 
Railway, 35 miles north of St. Louis. Popula- 
tion (1880), 638; (1890), 879; (1900), 477. 

BETHANY, a village of Moultrie County, on 
Peoria Division 111. Cent. Railroad, 18 miles south- 
east of Decatur ; in farming district ; has one news- 
paper and four churches. Poj). , mostly American 
born, (1890), 688; (1900), 873; (1903, est.), 900. 

BETTIE STUART INSTITUTE, an institu- 
tion for young ladies at Springfield, III., founded 
in 1868 by Mrs. Mary McKee Homes, who con- 
ducted it for some twenty years, until her death. 
Its report for 1898 shows a faculty of ten instruct- 
ors and 135 pupils. Its property is valued at 
§33,500. Its course of instruction embraces the 
preparatory and classical branches, together with 
music, oratory and fine arts. 

BEVERIDGE, James H., State Treasurer, 
was born in Washington Coimty, N. Y. , in 1838; 
served as State Treasurer, 1865-67, later acted as 
Secretary of the Commission which built the 
State Capitol. His later years were spent in 
superintending a large dairy farm near Sandwich, 
De Kalb County, where he died in Januar}% 1896. 

BEVERIDGE, John L., ex-Governor, was born 
in Greenwich, N. Y., July 6, 1834; came to Illi- 
nois, 1842, and, after spending some two years in 
Granville Academy and Rock River Seminary, 
went to Tennessee, where he engaged in teaching 
while studying law. Having been admitted to 
the bar, he returned to Illinois in 1851, first locat- 
ing at S)'camore, but three years later established 
himself in Chicago. During the first year of the 
war he assisted to raise the Eighth Regiment Illi- 
nois Cavalry, and was comnrissioned first as Cap- 
tain and still later Major; t%vo years later 
became Colonel of the Seventeenth Cavalry, 
which he commanded to the close of the war, 
being mustered out, February, 1866, with the 
rank of brevet Brigadier-General. After the war 
he held the office of Sheriff of Cook Coimty four 
years; in 1870 was elected to the State Senate, 
and, in the following year, Congressman-at-large 
to succeed General Logan, elected to the United 
States Senate; resigned this office in January, 
1873, having been elected Lieutenant-Governor, 
and a few weeks later succeeded to the govern- 
orship by the election of Governor Oglesby to the 
United States Senate. In 1881 he was appointed. 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



47 



by President Arthur, Assistant United States 
Tre;i-surer for Chicago, serving until after Cleve- 
land's tirst election. His present home (1898), is 
near Los Angeles, Cal. 

lUEXVILLE, Jean Baptiste le Moyne, Sieur 
(le, was born at Montreal, Canada, Feb. 23, 1G80, 
and was the French Governor of Louisiana at the 
time the Illinois country was included in that 
province. He had several brothers, a number of 
whom i)layed important parts in the early history 
of the province. Bienville first visited Louisi- 
ana, in company with his brother Iberville, in 
1698, their object being to establish a French 
colony near the mouth of the Mississippi. The 
first settlement was made at Biloxi, Dec. 6, 1699, 
and Sanvolle, another brother, was placed in 
charge. The latter was afterward made Governor 
of Louisiana, and, at his death (1701), he was 
succeeded by Bienville, who transferred the seat 
of government to Mobile. lu ITOl he was joined 
by his brother Chateaugay, who brought seven- 
teen settlers from Canada. Soon afterwards 
Iberville died, and Bienville was recalled to 
France in 1707, but was reinstated the following 
year. Finding the Indians worthless as tillers of 
the soil, he seriously suggested to the home gov- 
ernment the expediency of trading off the copper- 
colored aborigines for negroes from the West 
Indies, three Indians to be reckoned as equiva- 
lent to two blacks. In 1713 Cadillac was sent out 
as Governor, Bienville being made Lieutenant- 
Governor. The two quaiTeled. Cadillac was 
superseded by Epinay in 1717, and, in 1718, Law's 
first expedition arrived (see Company of the 
West), and brought a Governor's commission for 
Bienville. The latter soon after founded New 
Orleans, which became the seat of government 
for the province (which then included IlUnois), in 
1723. In January, 1724. he was again summoned 
to France to answer charges; was removed in 
disgrace in 1726. but rein.stated in 1733 and given 
the rank of Lieutenant-General. Failing in vari- 
ous expeditions against the Chickasaw Indians, 
he was again superseded in 1743, returning to 
France, where he died in 1768. 

BI(i(iS, William, pioneer, Judge and legislator, 
w;us born in Maryland in 1753, enlisted in the 
Revolutionary army, and served as an officer 
under Colonel George Rogers Clark in the expe- 
dition for the capture of Illinois from the British 
in 1778. He settled in Bellefontaine (now Monroe 
County) soon after the close of the war. He was 
Sheriff of St. Clair County for many years, and 
later Justice of the Peace and .Tudge of the Court 
of Common Pleas. He also represented his 



county in the Territorial Legislatures of In- 
diana and Illinois. Died, in St. Clair County, 
i-n 1827. 

BIG(i!SVILLE, a village of Henderson County, 
on the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy Railroad, 
15 miles northeast of Burlington; lias a bank and 
two newspapers; considerable grain and live- 
stock are shipped here. Population (1880), 358; 
(1890), 487; (1900). 417. 

BIG MUDDY RIVER, a stream formed by the 
union of two brandies which rise in Jefferson 
Coimty. It runs south and southwest through 
Franklin and Jackson Counties, and enters the 
Mississippi about five miles below Grand Tower. 
Its length is estimated at 140 miles. 

BILLINGS, Albert Merritt, capitalist, was 
born in New Hampshire, April 19, 1814, educated 
in the common schools of his native State and 
Vermont, and, at the age of 22, became Sheriff of 
Windsor County, Vt., Later he was proprietor 
for a time of the mail stage-coach line between 
Concord, N. H., and Boston, but, having sold out, 
invested his means in the securities of the Chi- 
cago, Milwaukee & St. Paul Railwa}' and became 
identified with the business interests of Chicago. 
In the '50's he became associated with Cornelius 
K. Garrison in the People's Gas Company of Chi- 
cago, of which he served as President from 18i59 
to 1888. In 1890 Sir. Billings became extensively 
interested in the street railway enterprises of Mr. 
C. B. Holmes, resulting in his becoming the pro- 
prietor of the street railway sj- stem at Memphis, 
Tenn., valued, in 1897, at §3,000.000. In early 
life he had been associated with Commodore 
Vanderbilt in the operation of the Hudson River 
steamboat lines of the latter. In addition to his 
other business enterprises, he was principal 
owner and, during the last twenty-five years of 
his life. President of the Home National and 
Home Savings Banks of Chicago. Died, Feb. 7, 
1897, leaving an estate valued at several miUions 
of dollars. 

BILLINGS, Henry W., was bom at Conway, 
Mass., July 11, 1814, graduated at Amherst Col- 
lege at twenty years of age, and began the study 
of law with Judge Foote, of Cleveland, Ohio, wa.s 
admitted to the bar two years later and practiced 
there some two j-ears longer. He then removed 
to St. Louis, Mo., later resided for a time at 
Waterloo and Cairo, 111., but, in 1845, settled at 
Alton; was elected Mayor of that city in 1851, 
and the first Judge of the newly organized City 
Court, in 18.59, serving in this position six years. 
In 1869 he was elected a Delegate from JIadison 
County to the State Constitutional Convention of 



48 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



1869-70, but died before the expiration of the ses- 
sion, on April 19, 1870. 

BIRKBECK, Morris, early colonist, was born 
in England about 1702 or 1763, emigrated to 
America in 1817, and settled in Edwards County, 
111. He purchased a large tract of land and in- 
duced a large colony of English artisans, laborers 
and farmers to settle upon the same, founding 
the town of New Albion. He was an active, un- 
compromising opponent of slavery, and was an 
important factor in defeating the scheme to make 
Illinois a slave State. He was appointed Secre- 
tary of State by Governor Coles in October, 1824, 
but resigned at the end of three months, a hostile 
Legislature having refused to confirm him. A 
strong writer and a frequent contributor to the 
press, his letters and published works attracted 
attention both in this country and in Europe. 
Principal among the latter were: "Notes on a 
Journey Through France" (1815); "Notes on a 
Journey Through America" (1818), and "Letters 
from Illinois" (1818). Died from drowning in 
182.5, aged about 63 years. (See Slaivry and 
Slave Laws.) 

BISSELL, William H., first Republican Gov- 
ernor of lUinois, was born near Cooperstown, 
N. Y., on April 2.5, 1811, graduated in medicine at 
Philadelphia in 1835, and, after practicing a short 
time in Steuben County, N. Y., removed to Mon- 
roe County, 111. In 1840 he was elected a Repre- 
sentative in the General Assembly, where he soon 
attained high rank as a debater. He studied law 
and practiced in Belleville, St. Clair County, be- 
coming Prosecuting Attorney for that county in 
1844. He served as Colonel of the Second Illinois 
Volunteers during the Mexican War, and achieved 
distinction at Buena Vista. He represented Illi- 
nois in Congress from 1849 to 1855, being first 
elected as an Independent Democrat. On the pas- 
sage of the Kansas-Nebraska Bill, he left the Demo- 
cratic party and, in 1856, was elected Governor on 
the Republican ticket. While in Congress he was 
challenged by Jefferson Davis after an inter- 
change of heated words respecting the relative 
courage of Northern and Southern soldiers, 
spoken in debate. Bissell accepted the challenge, 
naming muskets at thirty paces. Mr. Davis's 
friends objected, and the duel never occurred. 
Died in oflBce, at Springfield, 111., March 18, 1860. 

BLACK, John Charles, lawyer and soldier, 
born at Lexington, Miss., Jan. 29, 1839, at eight 
years of age came with his widowed mother to 
Illinois; while a student at Wabash College, Ind., 
in April, 1861, enlisted in the Union army, serv- 
ing gallantly and with distinction until Aug. 15, 



1865, when, as Colonel of the 37th III Vol. Inf., he 
retired with the rank of BrevetBrigadier-General ; 
was admitted to tlie bar in 1857, and after practic- 
ing at Danville, Champaign and Urbana. in 1885 
was appointed Commissioner of Pensions, serving 
until 1889, when he removed to Chicago ; served as 
Congressman-at-large(l.S93-95), and U. S. District 
Attorney (1895-99); Commander of the Loyal 
Legion and of the G. A. R. (Department of 
Illinois), was elected Commander-in-Chief of the 
Grand Army at the Grand Encampment, 1903. 
Gen. Black received the honorary degree of A.M. 
from his Alma Mater and tliat of LL.D. from Knox 
College; in January, ld04, was appointed by 
President Roosevelt member of the U. S. Civil 
Service Commission, and chasen its President. 

BLACKBURN IMVERSITY, located at Car- 
linville, Macoupin Comity. It owes its origin to 
tlie efforts of Dr. Gideon Blackburn, who, having 
induced friends in the East to unite with him in 
the purchase of Illinois lands at Government 
price, in 1837 conveyed 16,656 acres of these 
lands, situated in ten different counties, in trust 
for the foundin.g of an institution of learning, 
intended jiarticularly "to qualify young men for 
the gospel ministry." The citizens of Carlinville 
donated funds wherewith to purchase eighty 
acres of land, near that city, as a site, which was 
included in the deed of trust. The enterprise 
lay dormant for many years, and it was not until 
1857 that the institution was formally incorpo- 
rated, and ten years later it was little more than 
a high school, giving one course of instruction 
considered particularlj' adapted to prospective 
students of theology. At present (1898) there 
are about 110 students in attendance, a faculty 
of twelve instructors, and a theological, as well as 
preparatory and collegiate departments. The 
institution owns property valued at SHO.OOO, of 
which §50,000 is represented by real estate and 
$40,000 by endowment funds. 

BLACK HAWK, a Cliief of the Sac tribe of 
Indians, reputed to have been born at Kaskaskia 
in 1707. (It is also claimed that he was born on 
Rock River, as well as within the present limits 
of Hancock County.) Conceiving that his people 
had been wrongfully despoiled of lands belonging 
to them, in 1832 he inaugurated what is com- 
monly known as the Black Hawk War. His 
Indian name was Makabaimishekiakiak, si.gnify- 
ing Black Sparrow Hawk. He was ambitious, but 
susceptible to flattery, and while having many of 
the qualities of leadership, was lacking in moral 
force. He was always attached to British inter- 
ests, and unquestionably received British aid of a 



IIISTOKICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OP ILLINOIS. 



49 



substantial sort. After his defeat he was made 
tlie ward of Keokvik, another Chief, which 
liuniiliation of his pride broke his heart. He died 
oil a reservation set apart for luni in Iowa, in 
1838, aged 71. His body is said to have been 
exhunied nine months after death, and his articu- 
lated skeleton is alleged to have been preserved 
in the rooms of the Burlington (la.) Historical 
Society until 1855, when it was destroyed by fire. 
(See also Black Hawk War: Appendi.r.) 

BLACKSTONE, Timothy B., Railway Presi- 
dent, was born at Branford, Conn., March 28, 
1829. After receiving a common school educa- 
tion, supplemented by a course in a neighboring 
academy, at 18 he began the practical study of 
engineering in a corps employed by the New 
York & New Hampshire Railway Company, and 
the same year became assistant engineer on the 
Stockbridge & Pittsfleld Railway. While thus 
employed he applied himself diligently to the 
study of the tlieoretical science of engineering, 
and, on coming to Illinois in 1851, was qualified 
to accept and fill the position of division engineer 
(from Blooniington to Dixon) on the Illinois Cen- 
tral Railway. On the completion of the main 
line of that road in 1855, he was appointed Chief 
Engineer of the Joliet & Chicago Railroad, later 
becoming financially interested therein, and 
being chosen President of the corporation on the 
completion of the line. In January, 1864, the 
Chicago & Joliet was leased in perpetuity to the 
Chicago & Alton Railroad Company. Mr. Black- 
stone then became a Director in the latter organi- 
zation and, in April following, was chosen its 
President. This office he filled uninterruptedly 
until April 1,1899, when the road passed into the 
hands of a syndicate of other lines. He was also 
one of the original incorporators of the Union 
Stock Yards Company, and was its President from 
1864 to 1868. His career as a railroad man was con- 
spicuous for its long service, the uninterrupted 
success of his management of the enterprises 
entrusted to his hands and his studious regard for 
the intere.sts of stockholders. This was illustrated 
by the fact tliat, for some thirty years, the Chicago 
& Alton Riiilroad paid dividends on its preferred 
and common stock, ranging from 6 to 8J^ percent 
per annum, and. on disixising of his stock conse- 
quent on the transfer of tlie line to a new corpora- 
tion in 1899, Mr. Blackstone rejected offers for his 
stock — aggregating nearly one-third of the whole 
— which would have netted him $1,000,000 in 
excess of the amount received, because he was 
unwilling to use his position to reap an advantage 
over smaller stockholders. Died, Mav 20, 1900. 



BLACKWELL, Robert S., lawyer, was born 
at Belleville, 111., in 1S23. He belonged to a 
prominent family in the early history of the 
State, his father, David Blackwell, who was also 
a lawyer and .settled in Belleville about 1819, 
having been a member of the Second General 
Assembly (1820) from St. Clair County, and also 
of the Fourth and Fifth. In April, 1823, he was 
appointed by Governor Coles Secretary of State, 
succeeding Judge Samuel D. Lockwood, after- 
wards a Justice of the Supreme Court, who had 
just received from President Monroe the appoint- 
ment of Receiver of Public Moneys at the 
Edwardsville Land Office. Mr. Blackwell served 
in the Secretary's office to October, 1824, during 
a part of the time acting as editor of'The Illinois 
Intelligencer," which had been removed from 
Kaskaskia to Vandalia, and in which he strongly 
opposed the policy of making Illinois a slave 
State. He finally died in Belleville. Robert 
Blackwell, a brother of David and the uncle of 
the subject of this sketch, was joint owner with 
Daniel P. Cook, of "The Illinois Herald" — after- 
wards "The Intelligencer" — at Kaskaskia, in 
1816, and in April, 1817, succeeded Cook in the 
office of Territorial Auditor of Public Accounts, 
being himself succeeded by Elijah C. Berry, who 
had become his partner on "The Intelligencer," 
and served as Auditor until the organization of 
the State Government in 1818. Blackwell & Berry 
were chosen State Printers after the removal of 
the State capital to Vandalia in 1820, serving in 
this capacity for some years. Robert Blackwell 
located at Vandalia and served as a member of 
the House from Fayette County in the Eighth 
and Ninth General Assemblies (1832-36) and in 
the Senate, 1840-42. Robert S.— the son of David, 
and the j'ounger member of this somewhat 
famous and historic family — wliose name stands at 
the head of this paragraph, attended the common 
schools at Belleville in his boyhood, but in early 
manhood removed to Galena, where he engaged 
in mercantile pursuits. He later studied law 
with Hon. O. H. Browning at Quincj% beginning 
practice at Rushville. where he was associated 
for a time with Judge Minshall. In 1852 he 
removed to Chicago, having for liis first partner 
Corydon Beckwith, afterwards of tlie S\ipreme 
Court, still later being associated with a niunber 
of prominent lawyers of that day. He is de- 
scribed by his biographers as "an able lawj-er, an 
eloquent advocate and a brilliant scholar." 
"Blackwell on Tax Titles," from his pen, has been 
accepted by the profession as a high authority on 
that branch of law. He also published a revision 



50 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



of the Statutes in 1858, and began an "Abstract 
of Decisions of the Supreme Court," which had 
reached tlie third or fourth volume at liis death, 
May 16. 1863, 

BLAIR, William, merchant, was born at 
Homer, Cortland County, N. Y., May 20, 1818, 
being descended through five generations of New 
England ancestors. After attending school in 
the town of Cortland, which became his father's 
residence, at the age of 14 he obtained employ- 
ment in a stove and hardware store, four years 
later (1836) coming to Joliet, III., to take charge 
of a branch store which the firm had established 
there. The next year he purchased the stock and 
continued the business on his own account. In 
August, 1842, he removed to Chicago, where he 
established the earliest and one of the most 
extensive wliolesale hardware concerns in that 
city, with which lie remained connected nearly 
fift}^ years. During this jjeriod he was associated 
with various partners, including C. B. Nelson, 
E. G. Hall, O. W. Belden, James H. Horton and 
others, besides, at times, conducting the business 
alone. He suffered by the fire of 1871 in common 
with other business men of Chicago, but promptly 
resumed business and, within tlie next two or 
three years, had erected business blocks, succes- 
sively, on Lake and Randolph Streets, but retired 
from business in 1888. He was a Director of the 
Merchants' National Bank of Chicago from its 
organization in 186.5, as also for a time of the 
Atlantic & Pacific Telegraph Company and the 
Chicago Gaslight & Coke Company, a Trustee of 
Lake Forest University, one of the Managers of 
the Presbyterian Hospital and a member of the 
Cliicago Historical Society. Died in Chicago, 
May 10, 1899. 

BLAKELY, David, journalist, was born in 
Franklin Count)-, Vt., in 1834; learned the print- 
er's trade and graduated from the University of 
Vermont in 1857. He was a member of a musical 
family which, under the name of "The Blakely 
Family," made several successful tours of the 
West. He engaged in journalism at Rochester, 
Minn., and, in 1862, was elected Secretary of 
State and ex-officio Superintendent of Schools, 
serving until 1865, when he resigned and, in 
partnersliip with a brother, bought "The Chicago 
Evening Post," with which he was connected at 
the time of the great fire and for some time after- 
ward. Later, he returned to Minnesota and 
became one of the proprietors and a member of 
the editorial staff of ' 'The St. Paul Pioneer -Press. ' ' 
In his later years Mr. Blakely was President of 
the Blakely Printing Company, of Chicago, also 



conducting a large printing business in New 
York, which was his residence. He was manager 
for several years of the celebrated Gilmore Band 
of miLsicians, and also instrumental in organizing 
the celebrated Sousa's Band, of which he was 
manager up to the time of his decease in New 
York, Nov. 7, 1896. 

BLAKEMAJf, Curtiss, sea-captain, and pioneer 
settler, came from New England to iladison 
County, 111., in 1819, and settled in what was 
afterwards known as tlie "Marine Settlement," of 
which he was cue of the founders. This settle- 
ment, of which the present town of Marine (first 
called Madison) was tlie outcome, took its name 
from the fact that several of the early settlers, like 
Captain Blakeman, were sea-faring men. Captain 
Blakeman became a prominent citizen and repre- 
sented Madison County in tlie lower branch of 
the Third and Fourth General Assemblies (1823 
and 1824), in the former being one of the opponents 
of the pro-slavery amendment of the Constitution. 
A son of his, of the same name, was a Represent- 
ative in the Thirteenth, Fifteentli and Sixteenth 
General Assemblies from Madison County. 

BLAXCHARD, Jonathan, clergyman and edu 
cator, was born in Rockingliam, Vt., Jan. 19, 
1811; graduated at Middlebury College in 1832; 
then, after teaching some time, spent two years 
in Andover Theological Seminary, finally gradu- 
ating in theology at Lane Seminary, Cincinnati, 
in 1838, where he remained nine years as pastor 
of the Sixth Presbyterian Church of that city. 
Before this time he had become interested in 
various reforms, and, in 1843, was sent as a 
delegate to the second World's Anti-Slavery 
Convention in London, serving as the American 
Vice-President of that body. In 1846 he assmned 
the Presidency of Knox College at Galesburg, 
remaining until 1858, during his connection 
witli that institution doing much to increase its 
capacity and resources. After two years spent in 
pastoral work, he accepted (1860) the Presidency 
of Wheaton College, which he continued to fill 
until 1882, when he was chosen President Emer- 
itus, remaining in this position until his death. 
May 14, 1892. 

BLAXDINSTILLE, a town in McDonough 
County, on the Toledo, Peoria & Warsaw Rail- 
road, 26 miles southeast of Burlington, Iowa, and 
64 miles west by south from Peoria. It is a ship- 
ping point for the grain grown in the surround- 
ing country, and has a grain elevatoi and steam 
flour and saw mills. It also has banks, two 
weekly newspapers and several churches. Popu- 
lation (I "C":') 877; (1900), 995. 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



51 



BLANEY, Jerome Van Zaiidt, early physician, 
born at Newcastle, Del., May 1, 1820; was edu- 
cated at Princeton and graduated in medicine at 
Philailelpliia when too j'oung to receive his 
diploma; in 1842 came west and joined Dr. Daniel 
Braiiiard in founding Rush Medical College at 
Chicago, for a time filling three chairs in that 
institution; also, for a time, occupied the chair of 
Chemistry and Natural Philosopliy in Northwest- 
ern Universitj'. In 1801 he was appointed Sur- 
geon, and afterwards Medical Director, in the 
armj-, and was Surgeon in-Chief on the staff of 
General Sheridan at the time of the battle of 
Winchester; after the war was delegated by the 
Government to pay off medical officers in the 
Northwest, in this capacity disbursing over $G00,- 
000; finally retiring with the rank of Lieutenant- 
Colonel. Died. Dec. 11. 1874. 

BLATCHFORD, Eliplialet "ffickes, LL.D., 
son of Dr. John Blatchford, was born at Stillwater, 
,N. Y., May 31, 1826; being a grandson of Samuel 
Blatchford, D.D., who came to New York from 
England, in 179.J. He prepared for college at Lan- 
singburg Academy. New York, and at JIarion 
College, Mo. , finally graduating at Illinois College, 
Jacksonville, in the class of 184.5. After graduat- 
ing, he was employed for several years in the law 
offices of his uncles, R. M. and E. H. Blatchford, 
New York. For considerations of health he re- 
turned to the West, and, in 1850, engaged in busi- 
ness for himself as a lead manufacturer in St. 
Louis, Mo., afterwards associating with him the 
late Morris Collins, under the firm name of Blatch- 
ford & Collins. In 18.54 a branch was established 
in Chicago, known as Collins & Blatchford. After 
a few years the firm was dissolved, Mr. Blatch- 
ford taking the Cliicago business, which has 
continued as E. W. Blatchford & Co. to the pres- 
ent time. While Mr. Blatchford has invariably 
declined political offices, he has been recognized 
as a staunch Republican, and the services of few 
men have been in more frequent request for 
positions of trust in connection with educational 
and benevolent enterprises. Among the numer- 
ous positions of this character which he lias been 
called to fill are those of Treasurer of the North- 
western Branch of the United States Sanitary 
Commission, during the Civil War, to which he 
devoted a large part of his time ; Tru.stee of Illi- 
nois College (1866-7.5); President of the Chicago 
Academy of Sciences; a member, and for seven- 
teen yeiirs president, of the Board of Trustees of 
the Chicago Eye and Ear Infirmary; Trustee of 
the Chicago Art Institute; Executor and Trustee 
of the late Walter L. Newberry, and, since its 



incorporation. President of the Board of Trustees 
of The Newberry Library ; Trustee of the John 
Crerar Library; one of the fovmders and Presi- 
dent of the Board of Trustees of the Chicago 
Manual Training School; life member of the 
Chicago Historical Society ; for nearly forty 
years President of the Board of Directors of the 
Chicago Theological Seminary; during his resi- 
dence in Chicago an officer of the New England 
Congregational Church; a corporate member of 
the American Board of Commissioners for For- 
eign Missions, and for fourteen years its Vice- 
President; a charter member of the City 
Missionary Society, and of the Congregational 
Club of Chicago; a member of the Chicago 
Union League, the University, the Literary and 
the Commercial Clubs, of which latter he has 
been President. Oct. 7, 18.58, Mr. Blatchford was 
married to Miss Mary Emily Williams, daughter 
of John C.Williams, of Chicago. Seven children — 
four sons and three daughters — have blessed this 
union, the eldest son, Paul, being to day one of 
Chicago's valued business men. Jlr. Blatchford's 
life has been one of ceaseless and successful 
activity in business, and to him Chicago owes 
much of its ijrosperity. In the giving of time 
and money for Christian, educational and benevo- 
lent enterprises, he has been conspicuous for his 
generosity, and noted for his valuable counsel and 
executive ability in carrying these enterprises to 
success. 

BLATCHFORD, John, D.D., was born at New- 
field (now Bridgeport), Conn., May 24, 1799; 
removed in childhood to Lansingburg, N. Y., 
and was educated at Cambridge Academy and 
Union College in that State, graduating in 1820. 
He finished his theological course at Princeton, 
N. J., in 1823, after which he ministered succes- 
sively to Presbyterian churches at Pittstown and 
Stillwater, N. Y., in 1830 accepting the pastorate 
of the First Congregational Church of Bridge- 
port, Conn. In 1836 he came to the West, spend- 
ing the following winter at Jacksonville, 111., and, 
in 1837, was installed the first pastor of the First 
Presbyterian Church of Chicago, where he 
remained until compelled by failing health to 
resign and return to the East. In 1841 he ac- 
cepted the chair of Intellectual and Moral Phi- 
losophy at Marion College, Mo., subsequently 
assuming the Presidency. The institution having 
been purchased by the Free Masons, in 1844, he 
removed to West Ely, Mo., and thence, in 1847, 
to Quincy, 111., where he resided during the 
remainder of his life. His death occurred in St. 
Louis, April 8, 1855. The churches he served 



52 



HISTOKICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



testified strongly to Dr. Blatchford's faithful, 
acceptable and successful performance of liis 
ministerial duties. He was married in 1825 to 
Frances Wickas, daugliter of Eliphalet Wickes, 
Esq., of Jamaica, Long Island, N". Y. 

BLEDSOE, Albert Taylor, teacher and law- 
yer, was born in Frankfort, Ky., Nov. 9, 1809; 
graduated at West Point Military Academy in 
1830, and, after two years' service at Fort Gib- 
son, Indian Territory, retired from tlie army in 
1833. During 1833-34 he was Adjunct Professor 
of Mathematics and teacher of French at Kenyon 
College, Ohio, and, in 1835-36, Professor of 
Mathematics at Miami University. Then, liav- 
ing studied tlieology, he served for several years 
as rector of Episcopal churches in Ohio. In 1838 
he settled at Springfield, 111., and began the prac- 
tice of law, remaining several years, when he 
removed to Washington, D. C. Later he became 
Professor of Mathematics, first (1848-54) in the 
University of Mississippi, and (1854-61) in the 
University of Virginia. He tlien entered the 
Confederate service with the rank of Colonel, 
but soon became Acting Assistant Secretary of 
War; in 1863 visited England to collect material 
for a work on the Constitution, which was pub- 
lished in 1866, when he settled at Baltimore, 
where he began tlie publication of "The Southern 
Review," wliich became the recognized organ of 
the Methodist Episcopal Church South. Later 
he became a minister of the Methodist Church. 
He gained considerable reputation for eloquence 
during his residence in Illinois, and was tlie 
author of a number of works on religious and 
political subjects, the latter maintaining the 
right of secession; was a man of recognized 
ability, but lacked stability of character. Died 
at Alexandria, Va., Dec. 8, 1877. 

BLODCiETT, Henry TVilliams, jurist, was born 
at Amherst, Mass., in ISil. At the age of 10 
years he removed with his parents to Illinois, 
where he attended the district schools, later 
returning to Amherst to spend a year at the 
Academy. Returning home, he spent the years 
1839-43 in teaching and surveying. In 1842 he 
began the study of law at Chicago, being 
admitted to the bar in 1845, and beginning prac- 
tice at Waukegan, 111., where he has continued 
to reside. In 1853 he was elected to the lower 
house of the Legislature from Lake Count}', as 
an anti-slavery candidate, and, in 18.58, to the 
State Senate, in the latter serving four years. 
He gained distinction as a railroad solicitor, being 
employed at different times by the Chicago & 
Northwestern, the Chicago, Milwaukee & St. 



Paul, t!ie Michigan Southern and the Pittsburg 
& Fort Wayne Companies. Of the second named 
road he was one of the projectors, procuring its 
charter, and being identified with it in the sev- 
eral capacities of Attorney, Director and Presi- 
dent. In 1870 President Grant appointed him 
Judge of the United States District Court for the 
Northern District of Illinois. This position lie 
continued to occupy for twenty -two years, resign- 
ing it in 1893 to accept an appointment by Presi- 
dent Cleveland as one of the counsel for the 
United States before the Beliring Sea Arbitrators 
at Paris, which was his last official service. 

BLOOMI\GDALE,a village of Du Page County, 
30 miles west by north from Chicago. Population 
(1880), 220; (1890), 463; (1900), 235. 

BLOOMIiVGTON, the county-seat of McLean 
County, a flourisliing city and railroad center, 59 
miles northeast of Springfield ; is in a rich agri- 
cultural and coal-mining district. Besides car 
shops and repair works employing some 3,000 
hands, there are manufactories of stoves, fur- 
naces, plows, flour, etc. Nurseries are numerous 
in the vicinity and liorse breeding receives much 
attention. The city is the seat of Illinois Wes- 
leyan University, has fine public schools, several 
newspapers (two published daily), besides educa- 
tional and other publications. The business sec- 
tion suffered a disastrous fire in 1900, but has been 
rebuilt more substantially than before. The prin- 
cipal streets are paved and electric street cars con- 
nect with Normal (two miles distant), the site of 
the "State Normal University" and "Soldiers' Or- 
phans' Home." Pop. (1890). 20,284: (1900), 33,386. 

BLOOMIXGTON COSYEMION OF 1856. 
Althougli not formally called as such, this was 
the first Republican State Convention held in 
Illinois, out of wliich grew a permanent Repub- 
lican organization in tlie State. A mass conven- 
tion of tliose opposed to the repeal of tlie Missouri 
Compromise (known as an "Anti-Nebraska 
Convention") was held at Springfield during the 
week of the State Fair of 1854 (on Oct. 4 and 5), 
and, although it adopted a platform in harmony 
with tlie principles which afterwards became the 
foundation of the Republican party, and appointed 
a State Central Committee, besides putting in 
nomination a candidate fur State Treasurer — the 
onl}' State oflScer elected that year — the organi- 
zation was not perpetuated, the State Central 
Committee failing to organize. The Bloomin.gton 
Convention of 1856 met in accordance with a call 
issued by a State Central Committee appointed 
by tlie Convention of Anti-Nebraska editors held 
at Decatur on February 23, 1856. (See Anti-Keb- 



HISTORICAL EJsCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



53 



raska Editorial Convention.) The call did not 
even contain the word '"Republican, " but was 
addressed to those opposed to the principles of 
the Nebraska Bill and the policy of the existing 
Democratic administration. The Convention 
met on May 29, 1800, the date designated bj' the 
Editorial Convention at Decatur, but was rather 
in the nature of a mass than a delegate conven- 
tion, as party organizations existed in few coun- 
ties of the State at that time. Consequently 
representation was very unequal and followed no 
systematic rule. Out of one hundred counties 
into which the State was then divided, only 
seventy were represented by delegates, ranging 
from one to twenty-five each, leaving thirty 
counties (embracing nearly the whole of the 
southern part of the State) entirely unrepre- 
sented. Lee County had the largest representa- 
tion (twenty-five), Jlorgan County (the home of 
Richard Yates) coming next with twenty dele- 
gates, while Cook County had seventeen and 
Sangamon had five. The whole number of 
delegates, as shown by the contemporaneous 
record, was 269. Among the leading spirits in 
the Convention were Abraham Lincoln, Archi- 
bald Williams, O. H. Browning, Richard Yates, 
John M. Palmer, Owen Lovejoy, Norman B. 
Judd, Burton C. Cook and others who afterwards 
became prominent in State politics. The delega- 
tion from Cook County included the names of 
John Wentworth, Grant Goodrich, George 
Schneider, Mark Skinner, Charles H. Ray and 
Charles L. Wilson. Tlie tempijrary organization 
was effected with Archibald Williams of Adams 
County in the chair, followed by the election of 
John M. Palmer of Macoupin, as Permanent 
President. The other officers were: Vice-Presi- 
dents — John A. Davis of Stephenson; William 
Ross of Pike; James McKee of Cook; John H. 
Bryant of Bureau; A. C. Harding of Warren; 
Richard Yates of Morgan; Dr. H. C. Johns of 
Macon; D. L. Phillips of Union; George Smith 
of Madison ; Thomas A. Marshall of Coles ; J. M. 
Ruggles of Mason ; G.D. A. Parks of Will, and John 
Clark of Schuyler. Secretaries — Henry S. Baker 
of Madison ; Charles L. Wilson of Cook ; Jolin 
Tillson of Adams; Washington Bushnell of La 
Salle, and B. J. F. Hanna of Randolph. A State 
ticket was put in nomination consisting of 
William H. Bissell for Governor (by acclama- 
tion); Francis A. Hoffman of Du Page County, 
for Lieutenant-Governor; Ozias M. Hatch of 
Pike, for Secretary of State; Jesse K. Dubois of 
Lawrence, for Auditor; James Miller of McLean, 
for Treasurer, and William H. Powell of Peoria, 



for Superintendent of Public Instruction. Hoff- 
man, having been found ineligible by lack of resi- 
dence after the date of naturalization, withdrew, 
and his place was subsequently filled by the 
nomination of John Wood of Quincy. The plat- 
form adopted was outspoken in its pledges of 
unswerving loyalty to the Union and opposition 
to the extension of slavery into new territory. A 
delegation was appointed to the National Con- 
vention to be held in Philadelphia on June 17, 
following, and a State Central Committee was 
named to conduct the State campaign, consisting 
of James C. Conkling of Sangamon County; 
Asaliel Gridley of McLean ; Burton C. Cook of 
La Salle, and Charles H. Ray and Norman B. 
Judd of Cook. The principal speakers of the 
occasion, before the convention or in popular 
meetings held while the members were present in 
Bloomington, included the names of O. H. Brown- 
ing, Owen Lovejoy, Abraham Lincoln, Burton 
C. Cook, Richard Yates, the venerable John 
Dixon, founder of the city bearing his name, and 
Governor Reeder of Pennsj'lvania, who had been 
Territorial Governor of Kansas bj- appointment 
of President Pierce, but had refused to carry out 
the policy of the administration for making 
Kansas a slave State. None of the speeches 
were fully reported, but that of Mr. Lincoln has 
been universally regarded by those who heard it 
as the gem of the occasion and the most brilliant 
of his life, foreshadowing his celebrated "house- 
divided-against-itself speech of June 17, 1858. 
John L. Scripps, editor of "The Chicago Demo- 
cratic Press," writing of it, at the time, to his 
paper, said: "Never has it been our fortune to 
listen to a more eloquent and masterly presenta- 
tion of a subject. . . . For an hour and a half he 
(Mr. Lincoln) held the assemblage sijellbound by 
the power of his argument, tlie intense irony of 
his invective, and the deep earnestness and fervid 
brilliancy of his eloquence. When he concluded, 
the audience sprang to their feet and cheer after 
cheer told how deeply tlieir hearts had been 
touched and their souls warmed up to a generous 
enthusiasm." At the election, in November 
following, although tlie Democratic candidate 
for President carried the State by a plurality of 
over 9,000 votes, the entire State ticket put in 
nomination at Bloomington was successful by 
majorities ranging from 3,000 to 20,000 for the 
several candidates. 

BLUE ISLAXl), a village of Cook County, on 
the Calumet River and the Chicago, Rock Island 
& Pacific, the Chicago & Grand Trunk and 
the Illinois Central Railways, 15 miles south of 



54 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



Chicago. It has a high scliool, cliurches and two 
newspapers, besides brick, smelting and oil works. 
Population (1890), 2,.521 ; (1900), 6,114. 

BLUE ISLAND RAILROAD, a short line 3.90 
miles in length, lying wholly within Illinois; 
capital stock $25,000; operated by the Illinois 
Central Railroad Company. Its funded debt 
(189.5) was .SIOO.OOO and its floating debt, §3,779. 

BLUE MOUND, a town of Macon County, on 
the Wabash Railway, 14 miles southeast of De- 
catur ;] in rich grain and live-stock region; has 
three grairi elevators, two banks, tile factory and 
one newspaper. Pop. (1890), 696; (1900), 714. 

BLUFFS, a village of Scott County, at the 
junction of the Quincy and Hannibal branches of 
the Wabash Railway, 52 miles west of Spring- 
field; has a bank and a newspaper. Population 
(1880), 162; (1890), 421; (1900), 539. 

BOAL, Robert, M.D., physician and legis- 
lator, born near Harrisburg, Pa., in 1806; was 
brought by his parents to Ohio when fl\ie j'ears 
old and educated at Cincinnati, graduating from 
the Ohio Medical College in 1828; settled at 
Lacon, 111., in 1836, practicing there until 1862, 
when, having been appointed Surgeon of the 
Board of Enrollment for that District, he re- 
moved to Peoria. Other public positions held by 
Dr. Boal have been those of Senator in the 
Fourteenth and Fifteenth General Assemblies 
(1844-48), Representative in the Nineteenth and 
Twentieth (18,54-58), and Trustee of the Institu- 
tion for the Deaf and Dumb at Jacksonville, 
remaining in the latter position seventeen years 
under the successive administrations of Gov- 
ernors Bissell, Yates, Oglesby, Palmer and Bever- 
idge — the last five years of his service being 
President of the Board. He was also President 
of the State Medical Board in 1882. Dr. Boal 
continued to practice at Peoria until about 1890, 
when he retired, and, in 1893, returned to Lacon 
to reside with his daughter, the widow of the 
late Colonel Greenbury L. Fort, for eight years 
Representative in Congress from the Eighth 
District. 

BOARD OF ARBITRATION, a Bureau of the 
State Government, created by an act of the Legis- 
lature, approved August 2, 1895. It is appointed 
by the Executive and is composed of three mem- 
bers (not more than two of whom can belong to 
the same political partj'), one of whom must be 
an employer of labor and one a member of some 
labor organization. The term of office for the 
members first named was fixed at two years; 
after Marcli 1, 1897, it is to be three years, one 
member retiring annually. A compensation of 



SI, .500 per annum is allowed to each member of 
tlie Board, while the Secretary, who must also be 
a stenographer, receives a salary of 81,200 per 
annum. When a controversy arises between an 
individual, firm or corporation employing not less 
than twenty-five persons, and his or its employes, 
application may be made by the aggrieved 
party to the Board for an inquiry into the 
nature of the disagreement, or both parties may 
unite in the submission of a case. The Board is 
required to visit the locality, carefully investi- 
gate the cause of the dispute and render a deci- 
sion as soon as practicable, the same to be at once 
made public. If the application be filed by tlie 
employer, it must be accompanied by a stipula- 
tion to continue in business, and order no lock-out 
for the space of three weeks after its date. In 
like manner, complaining employes must promise 
to continue peacefully at work, under existing 
conditions, for a like period. The Board is 
granted power to send for persons and papers and 
to administer oaths to witnesses. Its decisions 
are binding upon applicants for six months after 
rendition, or until either party shall have given 
the other sixty days' notice in writing of his or 
their intention not to be bound thereby. In case 
the Board shall learn that a disagreement exists 
between emploj^es and an employer having less 
than twenty-five persons in his employ, and that 
a strike or lock-out is seriously threatened, it is 
made the duty of the body to put itself into 
communication with both employer and employes 
and endeavor to effect an amicable settlement 
between them by mediation. The absence of any 
provision in the law prescribing penalties for its 
violation leaves the observance of the law, in its 
present form, dependent upon the voluntary 
action of the parties interested. 

BOARD OF EQUALIZATION, a body organ- 
ized underact of the General Assembly, approved 
March 8, 1867. It first consisted of twenty-five 
members, one from each Senatorial District. 
The first Board was appointed by the Governor, 
holding office two years, afterwards becoming 
elective for a term of four years. In 1872 the 
law was amended, reducing the number of mem- 
bers to one for each Congressional District, the 
whole number at that time becoming nineteen, 
witli the Auditor as a member ex-officio, who 
usually presides. From 1884 to 1897 it consisted 
of twenty elective members, but, in 1897, it was 
increased to twenty-two. The Board meets 
annually on the second Tuesday of August. The 
abstracts of the property assessed for taxation in 
the several counties of the State are laid before 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



55 



it for examination and equalization, but it may 
not reduce the aggregate valuation nor increase 
it more than one per cent. Its powers over the 
returns of the assessors do not extend beyond 
equalization of assessments between counties. 
The Board is required to consider the various 
classes of property separately, and determine 
such rates of addition to or deduction from the 
listed, or assessed, valuation of each class as it 
may deem equitable and just. The statutes pre- 
scribe rules for determining the value of all the 
classes of property enumerated — personal, real, 
railroad, telegraph, etc. The valuation of the 
capital stock of railroads, telegraph and other 
corjxirations (except newspapers) is fixed by the 
Board. Its consideration having been completed, 
the Board is required to summarize the results of 
its labors in a comparative table, which must be 
again examined, compared and perfected. 
Reports of each annual meeting, with the results 
reached, are printed at the expense of the State 
and distributed as are other public documents. 
The present Board (1897-1901) consists by dis- 
tricts of (1) George F. McKnight, (2) John J. 
McKenna, (3) Solomon Simon, (4) Andrew Mc- 
Ansh, (5) Albert Oberndorf, (6) Henry Severin, 
(7) Edward S. Taylor, (8) Theodore "s. Rogers, 
(9) Charles A. Works, (10) Thomas P. Pierce, (11) 
Samuel M. Barnes, (12) Frank P. Martin, (13) 
Frank K. Robeson, (14) W. O. Cadwallader, (15) 
J. S. Cruttenden, (16) H. D. Hirshheimer, (17) 
Thomas N. Leavitt, (18) Joseph F. Long, (19) 
Richard Cadle, (20) Charles Emerson, (21) John 
W. Larimer, (22) William A. Wall, besides the 
Auditor of Public Accounts as ex-ofiicio member 
— the District members being divided politically 
in the proportion of eighteen Republicans to four 
Democrats. 

BO.\RI) OF PUBLIC CHARITIKS, a State 
Bureau, created by act of the Legislature in 
1869, upon the recommendation of Governor 
Oglesby. Tlie act creating the Board gives the 
Commissioners supervisory oversight of the 
financial and administrative conduct of all the 
charitable and correctional institutions of the 
State, with the e.xccption of the jjenitentiaries, 
and they are especially charged with looking 
after and caring for the condition of the paupers 
and the insane. As originally constituted the 
Board consisted of five male members who em- 
ployed a Secretary. Later provision was made 
for the appointment of a female Commissioner. 
The ofKce is not elective. The Board lias always 
CArefully scrutinized the accounts of the various 
State charitable institutions, and, under its man- 



agement, no charge of peculation against any 
official connected with the same has ever been 
substantiated ; there have been no scandals, and 
only one or two isolated charges of cruelty to 
inmates. Its supervision of the county jails and 
almshouses has been careful and conscientious, 
and has resulted in benefit alike to the tax-payers 
and the inmates. The Board, at the close of the 
year 1898, consisted of the following five mem- 
bers, their terms ending as indicated in paren- 
thesis: J. C. Corbus (1898), R. D. Lawrence 
(1899). Julia C. Lathrop (1900), W'illiam J. Cal- 
houn (1901). Ephraim Banning (1902). J. C. Cor- 
bus was President and Frederick H. Wines, 
Secretary. 

BOGARDUS, Charles, legislator, was born 
in Caj-uga County, N. Y., March 28, 1841, and 
left an orphan at six years of age ; was educated 
in the common schools, began working in a store 
at 12, and, in 1862, enlisted in the One Hundred 
and Fifty-first New York Infantrj', being elected 
First Lieutenant, and retiring from the service 
as Lieutenant-Colonel "for gallant and meritori- 
ous service" before Petersburg. While in the 
service he participated in some of the most 
important battles in Virginia, and was once 
wounded and once captured. In 1872 he located 
in Ford County, 111., where he has been a success- 
ful operator in real estate. He has been twice 
elected to the House of Representatives (1884 and 
'86) and three times to the State Senate (1888, 
'92 and '96), and has served on the most important 
committees in each house, and has proved him- 
self one of the most useful members. At the 
session of 189.5 he was chosen President pro tevi. 
of the Senate. 

BOGGS, Carroll C, Justice of the Supreme 
Comt, was born in Fairfield, Wayne County, 
111., Oct. 19, 1844, and still resides in his native 
town; has held the offices of State's Attorney, 
County Judge of Wayne County, and Judge of 
the Circuit Court for the Seconil Judicial Circuit, 
being assigned also to Appellate Court duty. In 
June, 1897, Judge Boggs was elected a Justice of 
the Supreme Court to succeed Judge David J. 
Baker, liis term to continue until 1906. 

BOLTWOOD, Henry L., the son of WiUiam 
and Electa (Stetson) Bolt wood, was born at Am- 
herst, Mass., Jan. 17, 1831; fitted for college at 
Amherst Academy and graduated from Amherst 
College in IS.IS. While in college he taught 
school every winter, commencing on a salary of 
S4 per week and "boarding round" among the 
scholars. After graduating he taught in acad- 
emies at Limerick, Me., and at Pembroke and 



56 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



Derry, N. H., and in the high school at Law- 
rence, Mass. ; also served as School Commissioner 
for Rockingham Count3^ N. H. In 1864 lie went 
into the service of the Sanitary Commission in 
the Department of the Gulf, remaining until the 
close of the war ; was also ordained Chaplain of a 
colored regiment, but was not regularly mustered 
in. After the close of the war he was employed 
as Superintendent of Schools at Griggsville, 111., 
for two years, and, while there, in 1867, organ- 
ized the first township high school ever organized 
in the State, where he remained eleven years. He 
afterwards organized the townshiji high school at 
Ottawa, remaining there five years, after which, 
in 1883, he organized and took charge of the 
township high school at Evanston, where he has 
since been employed in his profession as a teacher. 
Professor Boltwood has been a member of the State 
Board of Education and has served as President 
of the State Teachers' Association. As a teacher 
he lias given special attention to English language 
and literature, and to history, being the author 
of an English Grammar, a High School Speller 
and "Topical Outlines of General History," 
besides many contributions to educational jour- 
nals. He has done a great deal of institute work, 
both in Illinois and Iowa, and has been known 
somewhat as a tariff reformer. 

BOND, Lester L., lawyer, was born at Raven- 
na, Ohio, Oct. 37, 1829; educated in the common 
schools and at an academy, meanwhile laboring 
in local factories; studied law and was admitted 
to the bar in 1853, the following year coming to 
Chicago, where he has given his attention chiefly 
to practice in connection with patent laws. Mr. 
Bond served several terms in the Chicago City 
Council, was Republican Presidential Elector in 
1868, and served two terms in the General Assem- 
bly— 1866-70. 

BOND, Shadrach, first Territorial Delegate in 
Congress from Illinois and first Governor of the 
State, was born in Maryland, and, after being 
liberally educated, removed to Kaskaskia while 
Illinois was a part of the Northwest Territory. 
He served as a member of the first Territorial 
Legislature (of Indiana Territory) and was the 
first Delegate from the Territory of Illinois in 
Congress, serving from 1812 to 1814. In the 
latter year he was appointed Receiver of Public 
Moneys ; he also held a commission as Captain in 
the War of 1813. On the admission of the State, 
in 1818, he was elected Governor, and occupied 
the executive chair until 1823. Died at Kaskas- 
kia, April 13. 1833.— Shadrach Bond, Sr., an uncle 
of the preceding, came to Illinois in 1781 and was 



elected Delegate from St. Clair County (then 
comprehending all Illinois) to the Territorial 
Legislature of Northwest Territory, in 1799, and, 
in 1804, to the Legislative Council of the newly 
organized Territory of Indiana. 

BOND COUXTY, a small county lying north- 
east from St. Louis, having an area of 380 square 
miles and a population 1900) of 16,078. The 
first American settlers located here in 1807, com- 
ing from the South, and building Hill's and 
Jones's forts for protection from the Indians. 
Settlement was slow, in 1816 there being scarcely 
twenty-five log cabins in the county. The 
county-seat is Greenville, where the first cabin 
was erected in 1815 by Geox-ge Davidson. Tlie 
county was organized in 1818, and named in 
honor of Gov. Shadrach Bond. Its original 
limits included the present counties of Clinton, 
Fayette and Montgomery. The first court was 
held at Perryville, and, in May, 1817, Judge 
Jesse B. Thomas presided over the first Circuit 
Court at Hill's Station. The first court house 
was erected at Greenville in 1833. The county 
contains good timber and farming lands, and at 
some points, coal is found near the surface. 

BOJfSEY, Charles Carroll, lawyer and re- 
former, was born in Hamilton, N. Y., Sept. 4, 
1831 ; educated at Hamilton Academy and settled 
in Peoria, 111., in 1850, where he pursued the 
avocation of a teacher while studying law ; was 
admitted to the bar in 1853, but removed to Chi- 
cago in 1860, where he has since been engaged in 
practice; served as President of the National 
Law and Order League in New York in 1885, 
being repeatedly re-elected, and has also been 
President of the Illinois State Bar Association, as 
well as a member of the American Bar Associa- 
tion. Among the reforms which he has advo- 
cated are constitutional prohibition of special 
legislation ; an extension of equity practice to 
bankruptcy and other law proceedings ; civil serv- 
ice pensions; State Boards of labor and capital, 
etc. He has also published some treatises in book 
form, chiefly on legal questions, besides editing 
a volume of "Poems by Alfred W. Arrington, 
with a sketch of his Character" (1869. ) As Presi- 
dent of the World's Congresses Auxiliary, in 1893, 
Mr. Bonney contributed largely to the success of 
that very interesting and important feature of 
tlie great Columbian Exposition in Chicago. 

BOONE, Levi D., M. D., early physician, was 
born near Lexington, Ky., December, 1808 — a 
descendant of the celebrated Daniel Boone; re- 
ceived the degree of M. D. from Transylvania 
University and came to Edwardsville, 111., at an 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



57 



early day, afterwards locating at Hillsboro and 
taking part intlie Black Hawk War as Captain of 
a cavalrj" company; came to Cliicago in 183G and 
engaged in the insurance business, later resuming 
the practice of his profession ; served several 
terras as Alderman and was elected Mayor in 
1855 by a corabination of temperance men and 
Know-Nothings; acquired a large property by 
operations in real estate. Died, February, 
1883 

BOOXE COUNTY, the smallest of the "north- 
ern tier" of counties, having an area of only 290 
square miles, and a population (1900) of 13,791. 
Its surface is chiefly rolling prairie, and the 
principal products are oats and corn. The earli- 
est .settlers came from New York and New Eng- 
land, and among them were included Medkiff, 
Dunham, Caswell, Cline, Towner, Doty and 
Whitney. Later (after the Pottawattomies had 
evacuated the country), came the Shattuck 
brothers, Maria Hollenbeck and Mrs. BuUard, 
Oliver Hale, Nathaniel Crosby, Dr. Wliiting. H. 
C. Walker, and the Neeley and Mahoney families. 
Boone County was cut off from Winnebago, and 
organized in 1837, being named in honor of Ken- 
tucky's pioneer. The first frame house in the 
county was erected by S. F. Doty and stood for 
fifty years in the village of Belvidere on the north 
side of the Kishwaukee River. The county-seat 
(Belvidere) was platted in 1837, and an academy 
built soon after. The first Protestant church 
was a Baptist society under the pastorate of Rev. 
Dr. King. 

BOURBOXXAIS, a viUage of Kankakee County, 
on the Illinois Central Railroad, 5 miles north of 
Kankakee. Population (1890), 510; (1900). 59.5. 

BOUTELL, Henry Sherman, lawyer and Con- 
gressman, was born in Boston, Mass., March 14, 
1856, graduated from the Northwestern Univer- 
sity at Evanston, 111., in 1874, and from Harvard 
in 1876; was admitted to the bar in Illinois in 
1879, and to that of the .Supreme Court of the 
United States in 1885. In 1884 Mr. Boutell was 
elected to the lower branch of the Thirty-fourth 
General Assembly and was one of the "103" who, 
in the long struggle during the following session, 
participated in the election of Gen. Jolin A. 
Logan to the United States Senate for the last 
time. At a special election held in the Sixth 
Illinois District in November, 1897, he was 
elected Representative in Congre.ss to fill tlie 
vacancy caused by the sudden death of his pred- 
ecessor. Congressman Edward D. Cooke, and at 
the regular election of 1898 was re-elected to the 
same position, receiving a plurality of 1,116 over 



his Democratic competitor and a majority of 719 
over all. 

BOUTON, Nathaniel S., manufacturer, was 
born in Concord, N. II., May 14, 1828; in his 
j'outh farmed and taught school in Connecticut, 
but in 18.52 came to Chicago and was employed 
in a foundry firm, of whicli he soon afterwards 
became a partner, in the manufacture of car- 
wheels and railway castings. Later he became 
associated with the American Bridge Company's 
works, which was sold to the Illinois Central 
Railroad Company in 18.57, when he bought the 
Union Car Works, which he operated until 1863. 
He then became the head of the Union Foundry 
Works, which having been consolidated with 
the Pullman Car Works in 1886, he retired, 
organizing the Bouton Foundry Company. Mr. 
Bouton is a Republican, was Commissioner of 
Public Works for the city of Chicago two terms 
before the Civil War, and served as Assistant 
Quartermaster in the Eightj'-eighth Illinois 
Infantry (Second Board of Trade Regiment) 
from 1^02 until after the battle of Chickamauga. 

BOYD, Thomas A., was born in Adams County, 
Pa., June 25, 1830, and graduated at Marshall 
College, Mercersburg, Pa., at the age of 18; 
studied law at Chambersburg and was admitted 
to the bar at Bedford in his native State, where 
he practiced until 18.56, when he removed to Illi- 
nois. In 1861 he abandoned his practice to enlist 
in the Seventeenth Illinois Infantry, in which he 
held the position of Captain. At the close of the 
war he returned to his home at Lewistown, and, 
in 1866, was elected State Senator and re-elected 
at the expiration of his term in 1870, serving in 
the Twenty-fifth, Twenty-sixth and Twenty- 
seventh General Assemblies. He was also a 
Republican Representative from his District in 
the Forty-fifth and Forty-sixth Congresses 
(1877-81). Dieil. at Lewistown, May 28, 1897. 

BRACE't'ILLE, a town in Grundy County, 61 
miles by rail southwest of Chicago. Coal mining 
is the principal industry. The town has two 
banks, two churches and good public schools. 
Population (1890), 3,150; (1900), 1,669. 

BRADFORD, village of Stark County, on Buda 
and Rushville brancli Chicago, Burlington & 
Quincy Railway; is in excellent farming region 
and has large grain and live-stock trade, excel- 
lent high school building, fine churches, good 
hotels and one newspaper. Pop. (1900), 773. 

BRADSBY, William H., pioneer and Judge, 
was born in Bedford County, 'Va., July 12, 1787. 
He removed to Illinois early in life, and was the 
first postmaster in Washington County (at Gov- 



58 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



ington), the first school-teacher and the first 
Circuit and County Clerk and Recorder. At the 
time of his death he was Probate and County 
Judge. Besides being Clerk of all the courts, lie 
was virtually County Treasurer, as he had cus- 
tody of all the county's money. For several 
years he was also Deputy United States Surveyor, 
and in that capacity surveyed much of the south 
part of the State, as far east as Wayne and Clay 
Counties. Died at Nashville, 111 , August 21, 
1839. 

BRADWELL, James Bolesworth, lawyer and 
editor, was born at Loughborough, England, April 
16, 1828, and brought to America in infancy, his 
parents locating in 1829 or '30 at Utica, N. Y. In 
1833 they emigrated to Jacksonville, 111., but the 
following year removed to Wheeling, Cook 
County, settling on a farm, where the younger 
Bradwell received his first lessons in breaking 
prairie, splitting rails and tilling the soil. His 
first schooling was obtained in a country log- 
school-house, but, later, he attended the Wilson 
Academy in Chicago, where he had Judge Lo- 
renzo Sawyer for an instrvictor. He also took a 
course in Knox College at Galesburg, then a 
manual-labor school, supporting himself by work- 
ing in a wagon and plow shop, sawing wood, 
etc. In May, 1852, he was married to Miss Myra 
Colby, a teacher, with whom he went to Mem- 
phis, Tenn., the same year, where they engaged 
in teaching a select school, the subject of this 
sketch meanwhile devoting some attention to 
reading law. He was admitted to the bar there, 
but after a stay of less than two years in Mem- 
phis, returned to Chicago and began practice. 
In 1861 he was elected County Judge of Cook 
County, and re-elected four years later, but 
declined a re-election in 1869. The first half of 
his term occurring during the progress of the 
Civil War, he had the opportunity of rendering 
some vigorous decisions which won for him tlie 
reputation of a man of courage and inflexible 
independence, as well as an incormptible cham- 
pion of justice. In 1872 he was elected to the 
lower branch of the Twenty-eighth General 
Assembly from Cook County, and re-elected in 
1874. He was again a candidate in 1882, and by 
many believed to have been honestly elected, 
though his opponent received the certificate. He 
made a contest for the seat, and the majority of 
the Committee on Elections reported in his 
favor ; but he was defeated through the treach- 
ery and suspected corruption of a professed polit- 
ical friend. He is the author of the law making 
women eligible to school offices in Illinois and 



allowing them to become Notaries Public, and 
has always been a champion for equal rights for 
women in the professions and as citizens. He 
was a Second Lieutenant of the One Hundred and 
Fifth Regiment, Illinois Militia, in 1848; presided 
over the American Woman's Suffrage Associa- 
tion at its organization in Cleveland ; has been 
President of the Chicago Press Club, of the Chi- 
cago Bar Association, and, for a number of years, 
the Historian of the latter ; one of the founders 
and President of the Union League Club, besides 
being associated with many otlier social and 
business organizations. At present (1899) he is 
editor of "The Chicago Legal News," founded by 
his wife thirty years ago, and with which he has 
been identified in a business capacity from its 
establishment. — Myra Colby (Bradwell), the wife 
of Judge Bradwell, was born at Manchester, Vt., 
Feb. 12, 1831 — being descended on her mother's 
side from the Chase family to which Bishop 
Philander Chase and Salmon P. Chase, the latter 
Secretary of the Treasury and Chief Justice of 
the Supreme Court by appointment of Abraham 
Lincoln, belonged. In infancy she was brought 
to Portage, N. Y., where she remained until she 
was twelve years of age, when her family re- 
moved west. She attended school in Kenosha, 
Wis., and a seminary at Elgin, afterwards being 
engaged in teaching. On May 18, 18.52, she was 
married to Judge Bradwell, almost immediately 
going to Memphis, Tenn. , where, with the assist- 
ance of her husband, she conducted a select school 
for some time, also teaching in the public schools, 
when they returned to Chicago. In the early 
part of the Civil War she took a deep interest in 
the welfare of the soldiers in the field and their 
families at home, becoming President of the 
Soldiers' Aid Society, and was a leading spirit in 
the Sanitary Fairs held in Chicago in 18G3 and in 
1865. After the war she commenced the study 
of law and, in 1868, began the publication of 
"The Chicago Legal News," with which slie re- 
mained identified until her death — also publishing 
biennially an edition of the session laws after 
each session of the General Assembly. After 
passing a most creditable examination, applica- 
tion was made for her admission to the bar in 
1871, but denied in an elaborate decision rendered 
by Judge C. B. Lawrence of the Supreme Court 
of the State, on the sole ground of sex, as 
was also done by the Supreme Court of the 
United States in 1873, on the latter occasion 
Chief Justice Chase dissenting. She was finally 
admitted to the bar on March 28, 1892, and was 
the first lady member of the State Bar Associ- 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



59 



ation. Other organizations with which she was 
identifieJ embraced the Illinois State Press 
Association, the Board of Managers of the Sol- 
diers' Home (in war time), the "Illinois Industrial 
School for Girls" at Evanston, the Washingtonian 
Home, the Board of Lady Managers of the 
World's Columbian Exposition, and Chairman of 
the Woman's Committee on Jurisprudence of the 
World's Congress Auxiliary of 1S93. Although 
much before the public during the latter years of 
her life, she never lost the refinement and graces 
which belong to a true woman. Died, at her 
home in Chicago, Feb. 14, 1894. 

BRAIDWOOD, a city in Will County, incorpo- 
rated in 1860 ; is 58 miles from Chicago, on the 
Chicago & Alton Railroad; an important coal- 
mining point, and in the heart of a rich 
agricultural region. It has a bank and a weekly 
newspaper. Population (1800). 4,641 ; (1900), 3,279. 

BRANSOX, Nathaniel W., lawyer, was born in 
Jacksonville, 111., May 29, 1837; was educated in 
the private and public schools of that city and at 
Illinois College, graduating from the Intter in 
1857 ; studied law with David A. Smith, a promi- 
nent and able lawyer of Jacksonville, and was 
admitted to the bar in January, 1860, soon after 
establishing himself in practice at Petersburg, 
Menard County, where he has ever since resided. 
In 1867 Mr. Branson was appointed Register in 
Bankruptcy for the Springfield District — a po- 
sition which he held thirteen years. He was also 
elected Representative in the General Assembly 
in 1872, b)' re-election in 1874 serving four years 
in the stormy Twenty-eighth and Twenty-ninth 
General Assemblies ; was a Delegate from Illinois 
to the National Republican Convention of 1876, 
and served for several years most efficiently as a 
Trustee of the State Institution for the Blind at 
Jacksonville, part of the time as President of the 
Board. Politically a conservative Republican, 
and in no sense an office-seeker, the official po- 
sitions which he has occupied have come to him 
unsought and in recognition of his fitness and 
capacity for the proper discharge of their duties. 

BRAYMAN, Mason, lawyer and soldier, was 
bom in Buffalo, N. Y., May 23, 1813; brought up 
as a farmer, became a printer and edited "The 
Buffalo Bulletin," 1834-35; studied law and was 
admitted to the bar in 1836; removed west in 
1837, was City Attorney of Monroe, Mich., in 1838 
and became editor of "The Louisville Adver- 
tiser" in 1841. In 1842 he opened a law office in 
Springfield, 111., and the following year was 
appointed by Governor Ford a commissioner to 
adjust the Mormon troubles, in which capacitj- 



he rendered valuable service. In 1844-45 he was 
appointed to revise the statutes of the State. 
Later -he devoted much attention to railroad 
enterprises, being attorney of the Illinois Central 
Railroad, 1851-55; then projected the construc- 
tion of a railroad from Bird's Point, opposite 
Cairo, into Arkansas, which was partially com- 
pleted before the war. and almost wholly de- 
stroyed during that period. In 1861 he entered 
the service as Major of the Twenty-ninth Illinois 
Volunteers, taking part in a number of the early 
battles, including Fort Donelson and Shiloh; 
was promoted to a colonelcy for meritorious con- 
duct at the latter, and for a time served as 
Adjutant-General on the staff of General McCler- 
nand; was promoted Brigadier-General in Sep- 
tember, 1862, at the close of the war receiving 
the brevet rank of Major-General. After the 
close of the war he devoted considerable atten- 
tion to reviving his railroad enterprises in the 
South; edited "The Illinois State Journal," 
1872 73; removed to Wisconsin and was ap- 
pointed Governor of Idaho in 1876, serving four 
years, after which he returned to Ripon, Wis. 
Died, in Kansas City, Feb. 27, 1895. 

BREESK, a village in Clinton County, on 
Baltimore & Ohio S. W. Railway, 39 miles east of 
St. Louis; has coal mines, water system, bank and 
weekly newspaper. Pop. (1890), 808, (1900), 1,571. 

BREESE. Sidney, statesman and jurist, was 
born at Whitesboro, N. Y., (according to the 
generally accepted authority) July 15, 1800. 
Owing to a certain sensitiveness about his age in 
his later years, it has been exceedingly difficult 
to secure authentic data on the subject; but his 
arrival at Kaskaskia in 1818, after graduating at 
Union College, and his admission to the bar in 
1820, have induced many to believe that the date 
of his birth should be placed somewhat earlier. 
He was related to some of the most prominent 
families in New York, including the Livingstons 
and the Morses, and, after his arrival at Kaskas- 
kia, began the study of law with his friend Elias 
Kent Kane, afterwards United States Senator. 
Meanwhile, having served as Postmaster at Kas- 
kaskia, he became Assistant Secretary of State, 
and, in December, 1820, superintended the re- 
moval of the archives of that office to Vandalia, 
the new State capital. Liiter he was appointed 
Prosecuting Attorney, serving in that position 
from 1822 till 1827, when he became United 
States District Attorney for Illinois. He was 
the first official reporter of the Supreme Court, 
issuing its first volume of decisions; served as 
Lieutenant-Colonel of volunteers during the 



60 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



Black Hawk War (1832) ; in 1835 was elected to 
the circmt bench, and, in 1841, was advanced to 
the Supreme bench, serving less than two years, 
when he resigned to accept a seat in the United 
States Senate, to wliich he was elected in 1843 as 
the successor of Richard 51. Young, defeating 
Stephen A. Douglas in the first race of the latter 
for the office. While in the Senate (184349) he 
served as Chairman of the Committee on Public 
Lands, and was one of the first to suggest the 
construction of a transcontinental railway to the 
Pacific. He was also one of the originators and 
active promoters in Congress of the Illinois Cen- 
tral Railroad enterprise. He was Speaker of the 
Illinois House of Representatives in 18.51 . again 
became Circuit Judge in 1853 and returned to 
the Supreme bench in 1857 and served more than 
one term as Chief Justice, the last being ia 
1873-74. His home during most of his public life 
in IlUnois was at Carlyle. His death occurred 
at Pinckneyville, June 28, 1878. 

BREXTANO, Lorenzo, was born at Mannheim, 
in the Grand Duchj' of Baden, Germany, Nov. 
14, 1813; was educated at the Universities of 
Heidelberg and Freiburg, receiving the degree of 
LL.D., and attaining high honors, both profes- 
sional and political. He was successively a 
member of the Baden Chamber of Deputies and 
of the Frankfort Parliament, and always a leader 
of the revolutionist party. In 1849 he became 
President of the Provisional Republican Gov- 
ernment of Baden, but was, before long, forced 
to find an asylum in the United States. He first 
settled in Kalamazoo County, Mich. , as a farmer, 
but, in 1859, removed to Chicago, where he was 
admitted to the Illinois bar, but soon entered the 
field of journalism, becoming editor and part 
proprietor of "The Illinois Staats Zeitung." He 
held various public offices, being elected to the 
Legislature in 1862, serving five j-ears as Presi- 
dent of the Chicago Board of Education, was a 
Republican Presidential Elector in 18G8, and 
United States Consul at Dresden in 1872 (a gen- 
eral amnesty having been granted to the 
participants in the revolution of 1848), and 
Representative in Congress from 1877 to 1879. 
Died, in Chicago, Sept. 17, 1891. 

BRIDGEPORT, a town of Lawrence County, 
on the Baltimore & Ohio Southwestern Railroad, 
14 miles west of Vincennes, lud. It has a bank 
and one weekly paper. Population (1900), 487. 

BRIDGEPORT, a former suburb (now a part of 
the city) of Chicago, located at the junction of 
the Illinois & Michigan Canal with the South 
Branch of the Chicago River. It is now the 



center of the large slaughtering and packing 
industi-y. 

BRIDGEPORT & SOUTH CHICAGO BAIL- 
WAT. (See Chicago A Xortltern Pacific Railroad.) 

BRIGHTON, a village of Macoupin County, at 
the intersection of the Chicago & Alton and the 
Rock Island and St. Louis branch of the Chicago, 
Burlington & Quincy Railways; coal is mined 
here; has a newspaper. Population (1880), 691; 
(1890), 697; (1900), 660. 

BRIMFIELD, a town of Peoria County, on the 
Buda and Rushville branch of the Chicago, Bur- 
lington & Quincy Railway, 38 miles south of 
Buda; coal-mining and farming are the chief 
"industries. It has one weekly paper and a bank. 
Population (ISSO), 832; (1890). 719; (1900), 077. 

BRISTOL, Frank Milton, clergyman, was bom 
in Orleans County, N. Y., Jan. 4, 1851; came 
to Kankakee, 111., in boyhood, and having lost 
his father at 12 years of age, spent the following 
years in various manual occupations until about 
nineteen years of age, when, having been con- 
verted, he determined to devote his life to the 
ministry. Tlirough the aid of a benevolent lady, 
he was enabled to get two years' (1870-72) instruc- 
tion at the Northwestern University, at Evans- 
ton, afterwards supporting himself by preaching 
at various points, meanwhile continuing his 
studies at the University until 1877. After com- 
pleting his course he served as pa.stor of some of 
the most prominent Methodist churches in Chi- 
cago, his last charge in the State being at Evans- 
ton. In 1897 he was transferred to Washington 
City, becoming pastor of the Metropolitan M. E. 
Church, attended by President McKinley Dr. 
Bristol is an author of some repute and an orator 
of recognized ability. 

BROADWELL, Norman M., lawyer, was born 
in Morgan County, 111., August 1, 1825; was edu- 
cated in the common schools and at McKendree 
and Illinois Colleges, but compelled by failing 
health to leave college without graduating ; spent 
some time in the book business, then began the 
stud}' of medicine with a view to benefiting his 
own health, but finally abandoned this and, about 
1850, commenced the study of law in the office of 
Lincoln & Herndon at Springfield. Having been 
admitted to the bar, he practiced for a time at 
Pekin, but, in 1854, returned to Springfield, 
where he spent the remainder of his life. In 1860 
he was elected as a Democrat to the House of 
Representatives from Sangamon County, serving 
in the Twenty-second General Assembly. Other 
offices held by him included those of County 
Judge (1863-65) and Mayor of the city of Spring- 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



61 



field, to which last position he was twice elected 
(1867 and again in 1869). Judge Broadwell was 
one of the most genial of men, popular, high- 
minded and honorable in all his dealings. Died, 
in Springfield, Feb. 28, 1893. 

BROOKS, John Flavel, educator, was born 
in Oneida County, New York, Dec. 3, 1801 ; 
graduated at Hamilton College, 1828; studied 
three years in the theological department of Yale 
College; was ordained to the Presbyterian min- 
istry in 1831, and came to Illinois in the service 
of the American Home Missionary Society. 
After preaching at CoUinsville, Belleville and 
other points, ilr. Brooks, who was a member of 
the celebrated "Yale Band," in 1837 assumed the 
principalship of a Teachers' Seminary at Waverly, 
Morgan County, but three years later removed to 
Springfield, where he established an academy for 
both sexes. Although finally compelled to 
abandon this, he continued teaching with some 
interruptions to within a few j-ears of his death, 
which occurred in 1S86. He was one of the Trus- 
tees of Illinois College from its foundation up to 
his death. 

BROSS, TVilliam, journalist, was born in Sus- 
sex Comity, N. J., Nov. 14, 1813, and graduated 
with honors from Williams College in 1838, liav- 
ing previously developed his physical strength 
by much hard work upon the Delaware and 
Hudson Canal, and in the lumbering trade. For 
five years after graduating ho was a teacher, and 
settled in Chicago in 1818. Tlure he first engaged 
in bookselling, but later embarked in joui-nalism. 
His first publication was "The Prairie Herald," a 
religious paper, which was discontinued after 
two years. In 1852, in connection with John L. 
Scripps, he founded "The Democratic Press," 
which was consolidated with "The Tribune"' in 
1858, 5Ir. Bross retaining his connection with tlie 
new concern. He was always an ardent free- 
soiler, and a firm believer in the great future of 
Chicago and the Northwest. He was an enthusi- 
astic Republican, and, in 1856 and 1860, served as 
an effective campaign orator. In 1864 he was 
the successful nominee of his party for Lieuten- 
ant-Governor. This was his only offic-ial position 
outside of a membership in the Chicago Common 
Council in 1855. As a presiding officer, he was 
dignified j-et affable, and his impartiality was 
shown by the fact that no appeals were taken 
from his decisions. After quitting public life he 
devoted much time to literary pursuits, deliver- 
ing lectures in various parts of the country. 
Among his best known works are a brief "His- 
tory of Chicago," "History of Camp Douglas," 



and "Tom Quick." Died, in Chicago, Jan. 27, 
1890. 

BROWJl', Henry, lawyer and historian, was 
born at Hebron, Tolland County, Conn., May 13, 
1789 — the son of a commissary in the army of 
General Greene of Revolutionary fame; gradu- 
ated at Yale College, and, when of age, removed 
to New York, later studying law at Albany, 
Canaudaigua and Batavia, and being admitted to 
the bar about 1813, when he settled down in 
practice at Cooper.stown ; in 1810 was appointed 
Judge of Herkimer County, remaining on the 
bench until about 1824. He then resumed prac- 
tice at Cooperstown. continuing until 1830, when 
he removed to Chicago. The following j-ear he 
was elected a Justice of the Peace, serving two 
years, and, in 1842, became Prosecuting Attorney 
of Cook County. During this period he was 
engaged in writing a "History of Illinois," which 
was published in New York in 1844 This was 
regarded at the time as the most voluminous and 
best digested work on Illinois history that had as 
yet been published. In 1846, on assuming the 
Presidency of tlie Chicago Lyceum, he delivered 
an inaugural entitled "Chicago, Present and 
Future," which is still preserved as a striking 
prediction of Chicago's future greatness. Origi- 
nally a Democrat, he became a Freesoiler in 1848. 
Died of cholera, in Chicago, May 16, 1849. 

BROWN', James B., jomnalist, was born in 
Gilmanton, Belknap County, N. H., Sept. 1, 
1833 — his father being a member of the Legisla- 
ture and Selectman for his town. The son was 
educated at Gilmanton Academy, after which he 
studied medicine for a time, but did not gradu- 
ate. In 1857 he removed West, first settling at 
Dunleith, Jo Daviess County, 111., where he 
became Principal of the public schools; in 1861 
was elected County Superintendent of Schools 
for Jo Daviess County, removing to Galena two 
years later and assuming the editorship of "The 
Gazette" of that city. Mr. Brown aLso served as 
Postmaster of Galena for several years. Died, 
Feb. 13, 189G. 

BROWN, James N., agriculturist and stock- 
man, was born in Fayette County, Ky., Oct. 1, 
1806; ciime to Sangamon County, 111., in 1833, 
locating at Island Grove, where he engaged 
e.xtensively in farming and stock-raising. He 
served as Representative in the General Assem- 
blies of 1840, '42, '46, and '52, and in the last was 
instrumental in securing the incorporation of the 
Illinois State Agricultural Society, of which he 
was chosen the first President, being re-elected in 
1854. He was one of the most enterprising grow 



62 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OP ILLINOIS. 



ers of blooded cattle in the State and did much to 
introduce them in Central Illinois ; was also an 
earnest and influential advocate of scientific 
education for the agricultural classes and an 
efficient colaborer with Prof. J. B. Turner, of 
Jacksonville, in securing the enactment by Con- 
gress, in 1862, of the law granting lands for the 
endowment of Industrial Colleges, out of which 
grew the Illinois State University and institu- 
tions of like character in other States. Died, 
Nov. 16, 1868. 

BROWN, William, lawyer and jurist, was born 
June 1, 1819, in Cumberland, England, his par- 
ents emigrating to this country when he was 
eight years old, and settling in Western New 
York. He was admitted to the bar at Rochester, 
in October, 18-15, and at once removed to Rock- 
ford, 111., where he commenced practice. In 1852 
he was elected State's Attorney for the Four- 
teenth Judicial Circuit, and, in 1857, was chosen 
Mayor of Rockford. In 1870 lie was elected to 
the bench of the Circuit Court as suoces.sor to 
Judge Sheldon, later was promoted to the Su- 
preme Court, and was re-elected successively in 
1873, in '79 and '85. Died, at Rockford, Jan. 1.5, 
1891. 

BROWN, William H., lawyer and financier, 
was born in Connecticut, Dec. 20, 1796; spent 
his boyliood at Auburn, N. Y., studied law, and, 
in 1818, came to Illinois with Samuel D. Lock- 
wood (afterwards a Justice of the State Supreme 
Court), descending the Ohio River to Shawnee- 
town in a flat-boat. Mr. Brown visited Kaskas- 
kia and was soon after appointed Clerk of the 
United States District Coui-t by Judge Nathaniel 
Pope, removing, in 1820, to Vandalia, the new 
State capital, where he remained until 1835. He 
then removed to Chicago to accept the position of 
Cashier of the Chicago branch of the State Bank 
of Illinois, which he continued to fill for many 
years. He served the citj' as School Agent for 
thirteen years (1840-53), managing the city's 
school fund through a critical period with great 
discretion and success. He was one of the group 
of early patriots who successfully resisted the 
attemi>t to plant slavery in Illinois in 1823-24; 
was also one of the projectors of the Chicago & 
Galena Union Railroad, was President of the 
Chicago Historical Society for seven years and 
connected with many other local enterprisea. 
He was an ardent personal friend of President 
Lincoln and served as Representative in the 
Twenty-second General Assembly (1860-62). 
While making a tour of Europe he died of paraly- 
sis at Amsterdam, June 17, 1867. 



BROWN COUNTY, situated in the western 
part of the State, with an area of 300 square 
miles, and a population (1890) of 11,951 ; was cut 
off from Schuyler and made a separate county in 
May, 1839, being named in honor of Gen. Jacob 
Brown. Among the pioneer settlers weTe the 
Vandeventers and Hambaughs, John and David 
Six, William McDaniel, Jeremiah Walker, 
Willis O'Neil, Harry Lester, John Ausmus and 
Robert H. Curry. The county -seat is Mount 
Sterling, a town of no little attractiveness. 
Other prosperous villages are Mound Station and 
Ripley. The chief occupation of the people is 
farming, althougli there is some manufacturing 
of lumber and a few potteries along the Illinois 
River. Population (1900), 11,557. 

BROWNE, Francis Fisher, editor and author, 
was born in South Halifax, Vt., Dec. 1, 1843, the 
son of William Goldsmith Browne, who was a 
teacher, editor and author of the song "A Hun- 
dred Years to Come." In childhood he was 
brought by his parents to Western Massachusetts, 
wliere he attended the public schools and learned 
the printing trade in his father's newspaper 
office at Chicopee, Mass. Leaving school in 1862, 
he enlisted in the Forty-sixth Regiment Massa- 
chusetts Volunteers, in which he served one 
year, chiefly in North Carolina and in the Army 
of the Potomac. On the discharge of his regi- 
ment he engaged in the study of law at Roches- 
ter, N. Y., entering the law department of the 
University of Michigan in 1866, but abandoning 
his intenton of entering the legal profession, 
removed to Chicago in 1867, where he engaged in 
journalistic and literary pursuits. Between 1869 
and '74 he was editor of "The Lakeside Monthly, " 
when he became literary editor of "The Alliance, " 
but, in 1880, he established and assumed the 
editorship of "The Dial," a purely literary pub- 
lication which has gained a high reputation, and 
of which lie has remained in control continuously 
ever since, meanwhile serving as the literary 
adviser, for many years, of the well-known pub- 
lishing house of McClurg & Co. Besides his 
journaUstic work, Mr. Browne has contributed 
to the magazines and literary anthologies a num- 
ber of short lyrics, and is the author of "The 
Everyday Life of Abraham Lincoln" (1886), and 
a volume of poems entitled, "Volunteer Grain" 
(1893). He also compiled and edited "Golden 
Poems by British and American Authors" (1881); 
"The Golden Treasury of Poetry and Prose" 
(1886), and the "Laurel Crowned"series of stand- 
ard poetry (1891-92). Mr. Browne was Chairman 
of the Committee of the Congress of Authors in 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OJ^^ ILLINOIS. 



63 



the World's Congress Auxiliary lield in con- 
nection with The Columbian Exposition in 
1803. 

BROWNE, Thomas C., early jurist, was born in 
Kentucky, studied law there and, coming to 
Shawneetown in 1813, served in the lower branch 
of the Second Territorial Legislature (1814-16) 
and in the Council (1816-18), being the first law- 
yer to enter that body. In 1815 he was appointed 
Prosecuting Attorney and, on the admission of 
Illinois as a State, was promoted to the Supreme 
bencli, being re-elected by joint ballot of the 
Legislature in 1825, and serving continuously 
until the reorganization of the Supreme Court 
luider tlie Constitution of 1848, a perio<l of over 
thirty j'ears. Judge Browne's judicial character 
and abilities have been differently estimated. 
Though lacking in industry as a student, he is 
represented by the late Judge John D. Caton, 
who knew him personally, as a close thinker and 
a good judge of men. While seldom, if ever, 
accustomed to argue questions in the conference 
room or write out his opinions, he had a capacity 
for expressing himself in short, pungent sen- 
tences, which indicated that he was a man of con- 
siderable ability and had clear and distinct views 
of his own. An attempt was made to impeach 
him before the Legislature of 1843 "for want of 
capacity to discharge the duties of his office," 
but it failed by an almost unanimous vote. He 
was a AVTiig in politics, but had some strong sup- 
porters among Democrats. In 1833 Judge Browne 
was one of the four candidates for Governor — in 
the final returns standing third on the list and. by 
dividing the vote of the advocates of a pro-slavery 
clause in the State Constitution, contributing to 
the election of Governor Coles and the defeat of 
the pro-sLavery party. (See Coles, Edward, and 
Slavery and Slave Lau-s. ) In the latter part of 
his official term Judge Browne resided at Ga- 
lena, but, in 1853, removed with his sonin-law, 
ex-Congressman Joseph P. Hoge, to San Fran- 
cisco, Cal., where he died a few years later — 
probably about 1856 or 1858. 

BROWMXG, Orville Hickman, lawyer. United 
States Senator and Attorney-General, was born 
in Harrison County, Ky. , in 1810. After receiv- 
ing a classical education at Augusta in his native 
State, he removed to Quincy, 111., and was 
admitted to the bar in 1831. In 1833 he served 
in the Black Hawk War, and from 1836 to 1843, 
was a member of the Legislature, serving in both 
hou.ses. A personal friend and ix)litical adherent 
of Abraham Lincoln, he aided in the organization 
of the Republican party at the memorable 



Bloomington Convention of 1856. As a delegate 
to the Chicago Convention in 1860, he aided in 
securing Mr. Lincoln's nomination, and was a 
conspicuous supijorter of the Government in the 
Civil War. In 1861 he was appointed by Gov- 
ernor Yates United States Senator to fill Senator 
Douglas' unexpired term, serving until 1863. In 
186G he became Secretary of the Interior by ap- 
pointment of President Johnson, also for a time 
discharging the duties of Attorney-General. 
Returning to Illinois, he was elected a member of 
the Constitutional Convention of 1869-70, which 
was his last participation in public affairs, his 
time tliereafter being devoted to his profession. 
He died at his home in Quincy, 111., August 10, 
1881. 

BRYAN, Silas Lillard, legislator and jurist, 
born in Culpepper County, 'Va., Nov. 4, 1822; was 
left an orphan at an early age, and came west in 
1840, living for a time with a brother near Troy, 
Mo. The following year he came to Marion 
Count}', 111., where he attended school and 
worked on a farm; in 1845 entered McKendree 
College, graduating in 1849, and two years later 
was admitted to the bar, supporting himself 
meanwhile by teaching. He settled at Salem, 
111., and, in 1852, was elected as a Democrat to 
the State Senate, in which body he served for 
eight years, being re-elected in 1856. In 1861 he 
was elected to the bench of the Second Judicial 
Circuit, and again chosen in 1867, his second 
term expiring in 1873. While serving as Judge, 
he was also elected a Delegate to the Constitu- 
tional Convention of 1869-70. He was an unsuc- 
cessful candidate for Congress on the Greeley 
ticket in 1872. Died at Salem, March 30, 1880.— 
William Jennings (Brj'an), son of the preceding, 
was born at Salem. III. , March 19, 1860. The early 
life of yomig Bryan was spent on his father's 
farm, but at the age of ten years he began to 
attend the public school in town ; later spent two 
years in Whipple Academy, ,the preparatory 
department of Illinois College at Jacksonville, 
and, in 1881, graduated from the college proper as 
the valedictorian of his class. Then he devoted 
two years to the study of law in the Union Law 
School at Chicago, meanwhile acting as clerk and 
studying in the law office of ex-Senator Lj^man 
Trumbull. Having graduated in law in 1883, he 
.soon entered upon the practice of his profession 
at Jacksonville as tlie partner of Judge E. P. 
Kirby, a well-known lawyer and prominent 
Republican of that city. Four years later (1887) 
found him a citizen of Lincoln, Neb., which haa 
since been his home. He took a prominent part 



64 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



in the politics of Nebraska, stumping the State 
for the Democratic nominees in 1888 and '89, and 
in 1890 received the Democratic nomination for 
Congi-ess in a district wliich had been regarded 
as strongly Republican, and was elected by a 
large majority. Again, in 1893, he was elected 
by a reduced majorit)-, but two years later 
declined a renomination, though proclaiming 
himself a free-silver candidate for the United 
States Senate, meanwhile officiating as editor of 
"The Omaha World-Herald." In July, 1896, he 
received the nomination for President from the 
Democratic National Convention at Chicago, on 
a platform declaring for the "free and unlimited 
coinage of silver" at the ratio of sixteen of silver 
(in weight) to one of gold, and a few weeks later 
was nominated by the "Populists" at St. Louis 
for the same office — being the youngest man ever 
put in nomination for the Presidency in the his- 
tory of the Government. He conducted an 
active personal campaign, speaking in nearly 
every Northern and Middle Western State, but 
was defeated by his Republican opponent, Maj. 
William McKinley. Mr. Bryan is an easy and 
fluent speaker, possessing a voice of unusual 
compass and power, and is recognized, even by 
his political opponents, as a man of pure personal 
character. 

BRYAN, Thomas Barbour, lawyer and real 
estate operator, was born at Alexandria, Va., 
Dec. 22, 1828, being descended on the maternal 
side from the noted Barbour family of that 
State ; graduated in law at Harvard, and, at tlie 
age of twenty-one, settled in Cincinnati. In 
1852 he came to Chicago, where he acquired ex- 
tensive real estate interests and built Bryan 
Hall, which became a popular place for en- 
tertainments. Being a gifted speaker, as well 
as a zealous Unionist, Mr. Bryan was chosen 
to deliver the address of welcome to Senator 
Douglas, when that statesman retm-ned to 
Chicago a few weeks before his death in 1861. 
During the progress of the war he devoted his 
time and his means most generously to fitting out 
soldiers for the field and caring for the sick and 
woimded. His services as President of the great 
Sanitary' Fair in Chicago (1865), where some 
§300,000 were cleared for disabled soldiers, were 
especially conspicuous. At this time he became 
the purchaser (at §3,000) of the original copy of 
President Lincoln's Emancipation Proclamation, 
which had been donated to the cause. He also 
rendered valuable service after the fire of 1871, 
though a heavy sufferer from that event, and was 
a leading factor in securing the location of the 



World's Columbian Exposition in Chicago in 1890, 
later becoming Vice-President of the Board of 
Directors and "making a visit to Europe in the 
interest of the Fair. After the war Mr. Bryan 
resided in Washington for some time, and, by 
appointment of President Hayes, served as Com- 
missioner of the District of Columbia. Possessing 
refined literary and artistic tastes, he has done 
much for the encouragement of literature and 
art in Chicago. His iiome is in the suburban 
village of Elmhurst. — Charles Pasre (Bryan), son 
of the preceding, lawyer and foreign minister, 
was born in Chicago, Oct. 2, 1855, and educated 
at the University of Virginia and Columbia Law 
School; was admitted to practice in 1878, and 
the following year removed to Colorado, where 
he remained four years, while there serving in 
both Houses of the State Legislature. In 1883 he 
retm-ned to Chicago and became a member of the 
First Regiment of the Illinois National Guard, 
serving upon the staff of both Governor Oglesby 
and Governor Fifer; in 1890, was elected to the 
State Legislature from Cook County, being re- 
elected in 1892, and in 1894; was also the first 
Commissioner to visit Europe in the interest of 
the World's Columbian Exposition, on his return 
serving as Secretary of the Exposition Commis- 
sioners in 1891-92. In the latter part of 1897 he 
was appointed by President McKinley Minister 
to China, but before being confirmed, early in 
1898, was assigned to the United States mission to 
the Republic of Brazil, where he now is, Hon. 
E. H. Conger of Iowa, who had previously been 
ajjpointed to the Brazilian mission, being trans- 
ferred to Pekin. 

BRYAXT, John Howard, pioneer, brother of 
William Cullen Bryant, the poet, was born in 
Cummington, Mass., July 22, 1807, educated at 
the Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute in Troy, 
N. Y, ; removed to Illinois in 1831, and held vari- 
ous oiBces in Bureau County, including that of 
Representative in the General Assembly, to which 
he was elected in 1842, and again in 1858. A 
practical and entei-prising farmer, he was identi- 
fied with the Illinois State Agricultural Society 
in its early history, as also with the movement 
which resulted in the establishment of industrial 
colleges in the various States. He was one of the 
founders of the Republican party and a warm 
personal friend of President Lincoln, being a 
member of the first Republican State Convention 
at Bloomington in 1856, and serving as Collector 
of Internal Revenue by appointment of Mr. Lin- 
coln in 1862-64. In 1872 Mr. Bryant jomed in the 
Liberal Republican movement at Cincinnati, two 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



65 



years later was identified ivitli the "Independent 
Reform" party, but lias since cooperated with 
the Democratic part}-. He has produced two 
volumes of poems, published, respectively, in 18.5.5 
and 1885, besides a number of public addresses. 
His home is at Princeton, Bureau County. 

BUCK, Hiram, clergyman, was born in Steu- 
ben County, N. Y., in 1818; joined the Illinois 
Methodist EpLscopal Conference in 1843, and con- 
tinued in its service for nearly fifty years, being 
much of the time a Presiding Elder. At his 
death he bequeathed a considerable sum to the 
endowment funds of the Wesleyan University at 
Bloomington and the Illinois Conference College 
at Jacksonville. Died at Decatur, III. August 
22, 1893. 

Bl'D.i,a village in Bureau County, at the junc- 
tion of the main line with tlie Buda and Rush- 
ville branch of the Chicago, Burlington it Quincy 
Railroad, and the Sterling and Peoria branch of 
the Chicago et Xorth\ve.stern. 13 miles southwest 
of Princeton and 117 miles west-scuthwest of 
Chicago: has excellent water- works, electric- 
light plant, brick and tile factory, fine churches, 
graded school, a bank and one newsjjaper 
Dairying is carried on quite extensively and a 
good-.sized creamery is located here. Population 
(1890). 990; (1900). 873. 

BUFORD, Napoleon Bonaparte, banker and 
soldier, was born in "Woodford Count}'. Ky., Jan. 
13. 1807; graduated at West Point Military Acad- 
emy, 1827, and served for some time as Lieutenant 
of Artillery; entered Harvard Law School in 
1831, served as Assistant Professor of Natural and 
Experimental Philosophy there (1834-35), then 
resigned his commission, and, after some service 
as an engineer upon public works in Kentucky, 
established himself as an iron-founder and banker 
at Rock Island, 111., in 1857 becoming President 
of the Rock Island & Peoria Railroad. In 1861 
he entered the volunteer service, as Colonel of 
the Twenty-seventh Illinois, serving at various 
points in Western Kentucky and Tennessee, as 
also in the siege of Yicksburg, and at Helena, 
Ark., where he was in command from Septem- 
ber. 1803, to March, 1865. In the meantime, by 
promotion, he attained to the rank of Major- 
General by brevet, being mustered out in Augu.st, 
1865. He subsequent!}' held the post of Special 
United States Commissioner of Indian Affairs 
(1868), and that of Inspector of the Union Pacific 
Railroad (1867-69). Died, March 28, 1883. 

BULKLEY, (Rev.) Jastns, educator, was born 
at Leicester, Livingston County, X. Y., July 23. 
1819, taken to Allegany County, N. Y., at 3 



years of age, where he remained until 17, attend- 
ing school in a log school-house in the winter and 
working on a farm in the summer. His family 
then removed to Illinois, finally locating at 
Barry, Pike County. In 1842 he entered the 
preparatory department of Shurtleff College r.t 
Upper Alton, graduating there in 1847. He was 
immediately made Principal of the preparatory 
department, remaining two years, wlien he was 
ordained to the Baptist ministry and became 
pastor of a church at Jerseyville. Four years 
later he was appointed Professor of JIathematics 
in Shurtlefl" College, but remained only two 
years, when he accepted the pastorship of a 
church at Carrollton, which he continued to fill 
nine years, when, in 18G4, he was called to a 
church at Upper Alton. At the expiration of 
one year he was again called to a professorship 
in Shm-tleff College, this time taking the chair of 
Church History and Church Polity, which he 
continued to fill for a period of thirty-four years; 
also serving for a time as Acting President dur- 
ing a vacancy in that office. During this period 
he was frequently called upon to preside as Mod- 
erator at General Associations of the Baptist 
Church, and he became widely known, not only 
in that denomination, but elsewhere. Died at 
LTpper Alton, Jan. 16, 1899. 

BULL, Lorenzo, banker, Quincy, 111., was bom 
in Hartford, Conn., March 21, 1819, being the 
eldest son of Lorenzo and Elizabeth Goodwin 
Bull. His ancestors on both sides were of the 
party who, under Thomas Hooker, moved from 
the vicinity of Boston and settled Hartford in 
1634. Leaving Hartford in the .spring of 1833, he 
arrived at Quincy, III., entirely without means, 
but soon after secured a position with Judge 
Henry H. Snow, who then held most of the 
county offices, being Clerk of the County Com- 
missioners' Court, Clerk of the Circuit Court, 
Recorder, Judge of Probate, Notary Public and 
Justice of the Peace. Here the young clerk 
made himself acquainted ^vith the people of the 
county (at that time few in number), with the 
landsy.stem of the country and with the legal 
forms and methods of procedure in the courts. 
He remained with Judge Snow over two years, 
receiving for his services, the fii-st year, six dol- 
lars per month, and, for the second, ten dollars 
per month, besides his board in Judge Snow's 
family. He next accepted a situation with 
Jlessrs. Holmes, Brown & Co., then one of the 
most prominent mercantile houses of the city, 
remaining through various changes of tlie firm 
until 1844, when he formed a partnership with 



66 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



his brother under the firm name of L. & C. II. 
Bull, and opened a store for the sale of hardware 
and crockery, which was the first attempt made 
in Quincy to separate the mercantile business 
into different departments. Disposing of their 
business in 1861, the firm of L. & C. H. Bull 
embarked in the private banking business, which 
they continued in one location for about thirty 
years, when they organized the State Savings 
Loan & Trust Company, in which he held the 
position of President until 1898, when he retired. 
Mr. Bull has alwaj-s been active in promoting the 
improvement and growth of the city ; was one of 
the five persons who built most of the horse rail- 
roads in Quincy, and was, for about twenty years, 
President of the Company. The Quincy water- 
works are now (1898) owned entirely by himself 
and his son. He has never sought or held political 
office, but at one time was the active President of 
five distinct business corporations. He was also 
for some five years one of the Trustees of Illinois 
College at Jacksonville. He was married in 1844 
to Miss Margaret H. Benedict, daughter of Dr. 
Wm. M. Benedict, of Milbury, Mass., and they 
have five children now living. In politics he is a 
Republican, and his religious associations are with 
the Congregational Church. — Charles Heniy 
(Bull), brother of the preceding, was born in 
Hartford, Conn., Dec. 16, 1822, and removed 
to Quincy, 111., in June, 1837. He commenced 
business as a clerk in a general store, where 
he remained for seven years, when he entered 
into partnership with his brother, Lorenzo Bull, 
in the hardware and crockery business, to 
which was subsequently added dealing in 
agricultural implements. This business was 
continued imtil the year 1861, when it was 
sold out, and the brothers established them- 
selves as private bankers under the same firm 
name. A few years later they organized the 
Merchants' and Farmers" National Bank, which 
was mainly owned and altogether managed by 
them. Five or six years later this bank was 
wound up, when they returned to private bank- 
ing, continuing in this business until 1891, when 
it was merged in the State Savings Loan & 
Trust Company, organized under the laws of 
Illinois with a capital of $300,000, held equally 
by Lorenzo Bull, Charles H. Bull and Edward J. 
Parker, respectively, as President, Vice-Presi- 
dent and Cashier. Near the close of 1898 the 
First National Bank of Quincy was merged into 
the State Savings Loan & Trvist Company with 
J. H. Warfield, the President of the former, as 
President of the consolidated concern. Mr. Bull 



was one of the parties who originally organized 
the Quincy, Missouri & Pacific Railroad Com- 
pany in 1869 —a road intended to be built from 
Quincy, 111., across the State of Missouri to 
Brownsville, Neb., and of which he is now 
(1898) the President, the name having been 
changed to the Quincy, Omaha & Kansas City 
Railway. He was also identified with the con- 
struction of the system of street railways in 
Quincy, and continued active in their manage- 
ment for about twenty years. He has been 
active in various other public and private enter- 
prises, and has done much to advance the growth 
and prosperity of the city. 

BUNKER HILL, a city of Macoupin County, on 
the Cleveland, Cincinnati, Chicago & St. Louis 
Railroad, 37 miles northeast of St. Louis; has 
electric-lighting plant, telephone service, coal 
mine, flouring mill, wagon and various other 
manufactories, two banks, two newspapers, opera 
house, numerous churches, public library, a mili- 
tary academy and fine public schools, and many 
handsome residences; is situated on high ground 
in a rich agricultural and dairying region and an 
important shipping-point. Pop. (1900), 1,279. 

BUNN, Jacob, banker and manufacturer, was 
born in Hunterdon County, N. J., in 1814; came 
to Springfield in 1836, and, four years later, began 
business as a grocer, to which he afterwards 
added that of private banking, continuing until 
1878. During a part of this time his bank was 
one of the best known and widely regarded as 
one of the most solid institutions of its kind in 
the State. Though crippled by the financial 
revulsion of 1873-74 and forced investments in 
depreciated real estate, he paid dollar for dollar. 
After retiring from banking in 1878, he assumed 
charge of the Springfield Watch Factory, in 
which he was a large stockholder, and of which 
he became the President. Mr. Bunn was, be- 
tween 1866 and 1870, a principal stockholder in 
"The Chicago Republican" (the predecessor of 
"The Inter-Ocean"), and was one of the bankers 
who came to the aid of the State Government with 
financial assistance at the beginning of the Civil 
War. Died at Springfield, Oct. 16, 1897.— John W. 
(Bunn), brother of the preceding and successor 
to the grocery business of J. & J. W. Bunn, has 
been a prominent business man of Springfield, 
and served as Treasurer of the State Agricultural 
Board from 18.58 to 1898, and of the ELinois Uni- 
versity from its establishment to 1893. 

BUNSEN, Georgre, German patriot and educa- 
tor, was born at Frankfort-on-the-Maine, Ger- 
many, Feb. 18, 1794, and educated in his native 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



6^ 



city and at Berlin University; while still a 
student took part in the Peninsular War which 
resulted in the downfall of Napoleon, but resum- 
ing his studies in 1816, graduated three years 
later. He then founded a boys' school at Frank- 
fort, which he maintained fourteen years, when, 
having been implicated in the republican revolu- 
tion of 1833, he was forced to leave the country, 
locating the following year on a farm in St. Clair 
County, 111. Here he finally became a teacher in 
the public schools, served in the State Constitu- 
tional Convention of 1847, was elected School 
Commissioner of St. Clair County, and, having 
removed to Belleville in 18.55, there conducted a 
private school for the instruction of teachers 
while discharging the duties of his office; later 
was appointed a member of the first State School 
Board, serving until 1800, and taking part in the 
establishment of the Illinois State Normal Uni 
versity, of which he was a zealous advocate. He 
was also a contributor to "The Illinois Teacher," 
and, for several years prior to his death, served 
as Superintendent of Schools at Belleville without 
compensation. Died. November, 1873. 

BURCHARD, Horatio C, ex Congressman, wag 
bom at Marshall, Oneida County, N. Y., Sept. 22, 
1825; graduated at Hamilton College, N. Y., in 
1850, and later removed to Stephenson County, 
111., making his home at Freeport. By profes- 
sion he is a lawyer, but he has been also largely 
interested in mercantile pursuits. From 1857 to 
1860 he was School Commissioner of Stephenson 
County ; from 1863 to 1866 a member of the State 
Legislature, and from 1869 to 1879 a Representa- 
tive in Congress, being each time elected as a 
Republican, for the first time as the successor of 
E. B. Washburne. After retiring from Congress, 
he served for six years (1879 85) as Director of the 
United States Jlint at Philadelphia, with marked 
ability. During the World's Columbian Exposi- 
tion at Cliicago (1893), Jlr. Burchard was in 
charge of the Bureau of Awards in connection 
with the Mining Department, afterwards resum- 
ing the practice of his profession at Freeport. 

BURDETTE, Robert Jones, journalist and 
humorist, was born in Greensborough. Pa., July 
30, 1844, and taken to Peoria. 111., in early life, 
where he was educated in the public schools. In 
1862 he enlisted as a private in the Forty-seventh 
Illinois Volunteers and served to the end of the 
war; adopted journalism in 1869. being emploj'ed 
upon "The Peoria Transcript" and other papers 
of that city. Later he became associated with 
"The Burlington (Iowa) Hawkeye," upon which 
he gained a wide reputation as a genial humor- 



ist. Several volumes of his sketches have been 
published, but in recent years he has devoted his 
attention chiefly to lecturing, with occasional 
contributions to the literary press. 

BUREAU COUNTY, set off from Putnam 
County in 1837. near the center of the northern 
half of the State, Princeton being matle the 
county-seat. Coal had been discovered in 1834, 
there being considerable quantities mined at 
Mineral and Selby. Sheffield also has an impor- 
tant coal trade. Public lands were offered for sale 
as early as 1835, and by 1844 had been nearly all 
sold. Princeton was platted in 1832, and, in 1890, 
contained a population of 3,396. The county has 
an area of 870 square miles, and, according to the 
census of 1900, a population of 41,112. The pio- 
neer settler was Henry Thomas, who erected the 
first cabin, in Bureau township, in 1828. He was 
soon followed by the Anient brothers (Edward, 
Justus and John L. ) , and for a time settlers came 
in rapid succession, among the earliest being 
Amos Leonard. Daniel Dimmick, John Hall. 
William Hoskins, Timothy Perkins, Leonard 

Roth, Bulbona and John Dixon. Serious 

Indian disturbances in 1831 caused a hegira of 
the settlers, some of whom never returned. In 
1833 a fort was erected for the protection of the 
whites, and, in 1836, there began a new and large 
influx of immigrants. Among other early set- 
tlers were John H. and Arthur Bryant, brothers 
of the poet, William Cullen Bryant. 

BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS, estab- 
lished in 1879, being an outgrowth of the agitation 
and discontent among the laboring classes, which 
culminated in 1877-78. The Board consists of 
five Commissioners, who serve for a nominal 
compensation, their term of office being two 
years. They are nominated by the Executive 
and confirmed by the Senate. The law requires 
that three of them shall be manual laborers and 
two employers of manual labor. The Bureau is 
charged with the collection, compilation and 
tabulation of statistics relative to labor in Illi- 
nois, particularly in its relation to the commer- 
cial, industrial, social, educational and sanitary 
conditions of the working classes. The Com- 
mission is required to submit biennial reports. 
Those already published contain much informa- 
tion of value concerning coal and lead mines, 
convict labor, manufactures, strikes and lock- 
outs, wages, rent, cost of living, mortgage 
indebtedness, and kindred topics. 

BURGESS, Alexander, Protestant Episcxipal 
Bishop of the diocese of Quincy, was Ixirn at 
Providence, R. I., Oct. 31, 1819. He graduated 



68 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



from Brown University in 1838 and from the 
General Theological Seminary (New York) in 
1841. He was made a Deacon, Nov. 3, 1842, and 
ordained a priest, Nov. 1, 1843. Prior to his ele- . 
vatioii to the episcopate he was rector of various 
parishes in Maine, at Brooklyn, N. Y. , and at 
Springfield, Mass. He represented the dioceses 
of Maine. Long Island and Massachusetts in the 
General Conventions of the Protestant Episcopal 
Churcli from 1844 to 1877, and, in the latter year, 
vpas President of the House of Deputies. Upon 
the death of his brother George, Bishop of Maine, 
he was chosen by the clergy of the diocese to suc- 
ceed him but declined. When the diocese of 
Quincy, 111. was created, he was elected its first 
Bishop, and consecrated at Christ Church, Spring- 
field, Mass.. on May 15, 1878. Besides publishing 
a memoir of his brother. Bishop Burgess is the 
author of several Sunday-school question books, 
carols and hymns, and has been a contributor to 
periodical church literature. His residence is at 
Peoria. 

BURLEY. Arthur Oilman, merchant, was horn 
at Exeter, N. H., Oct. 4, 1813, received his edu- 
cation in the local schools, and, in 183,5, came 
West, locating in Chicago. For some two years 
he served as clerk in the boot, shoe and clothing 
store of John Holbrook, after which he accepted 
a position with hi.s half-brother, Stephen F. Gale, 
the proprietor of the fir.st book and stationery 
store in Chicago. In 1838 he invested his savings 
in a bankrupt stock of crockery, purchased from 
the old State Bank, and entered upon a business 
career which was continued uninterruptedly for 
nearly sixty years. In that time Mr. Burley 
built up a business which, for its extent and 
success, was unsurpassed in its time in the West. 
His brother in-law, Mr. John Tyrrell, became a 
member of the firm in 1852, the business there- 
after being conducted under the name of Burley 
& Tyrrell, with Jlr. Burley as President of the 
Company until his death, which occurred, August 

27, 1897.— Augustus Harris (Burley), brother of 
the preceding, was born at Exeter, N. H., March 

28, 1819 ; was educated in the schools of his native 
State, and, in his youth, was employed for a 
time as a clerk in Boston. In 1837 he came to 
Chicago and took a position as clerk or salesman 
in the book and stationery store of his half- 
brother, Stephen F. Gale, subsequently became a 
partner, and, on the retirement of Mr. Gale a 
few years later, succeeded to the control of the 
business. In 1857 he disposed of his book and 
stationery business, and about the same time 
became one of the founders of the Merchants' 



Loan and Trust Company, with which he has 
been connected as a Director ever since. Mr. 
Burley was a member of the volunteer fire depart- 
ment organized in Chicago in 1841 Among the 
numerous public positions held by him may be 
mentioned, member of the Board of Public Works 
(1SG7-70), the first Superintendent of Lincoln Park 
(1869). Representative from Cook County in the 
Twenty-seventh General Assembly (1870-72). City 
Comptroller during the administration of Mayor 
Medill (1872-73), and again undsr Mayor Roche 
(1887), and member of the City Council (1881-82). 
Politically, Mr. Burley has been a zealous Repub- 
lican and served on the Chicago Union Defense 
Committee in the first year of the Civil War, and 
was a delegate from the State-aHarge to the 
National Republican Convention at Baltimore in 
1864, which nominated Abraham Lincoln for the 
Presidency a second time. 

BURNHAM, Daniel Hudson, architect, was 
born at Henderson, N. Y. , Sept. 4, 1846 ; came to 
Chicago at 9 years of age: attended private 
schools and the Chicago High School, after which 
he spent two years at AValtham, Mass., receiving 
special instruction ; returning to Chicago in 1867, 
he was afterwards associated with various firms. 
About 1873 he formed a business connection with 
J. W. Root, architect, which extended to the 
death of the latter in 1891. The firm of Burnham 
& Root furnished the plans of a large number of 
the most conspicuous business buildings in Chi- 
cago, but won their greatest distinction in con- 
nection with the construction of buildings for the 
World's Columbian Exposition, of which Mr. 
Root was Supervising Architect previous to his 
death, while Mr. Burnham was made Chief of 
Construction and, later. Director of Works. In 
this capacity his authority was almost absolute, 
but was used with a discretion that contributed 
greatly to the success of the enterprise. 

BURR, Albert G., former Congressman, was 
born in Genesee Coimty, N. Y., Nov. 8, 1829: 
came to Illinois about 1832 with his widowed 
mother, who settled in Springfield. In early life 
he became a citizen of W^inchester, where he read 
law and was admitted to the bar, also, for a time, 
following the occupation of a printer. Here he 
was twice elected to the lower house of the Gen- 
eral Assembly (1860 and 1862), meanwhile serving 
as a member of the State Constitutional Conven- 
tion of 1862. Having removed to CarroUton, 
Greene County, he was elected as a Democrat to 
the Fortieth and Forty-first Congresses (1866 and 
1868), serving until March 4, 1871. In August, 
1877, he was elected Circuit Judge to fiU a 



HISTOEICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



09 



vacancy and was reelected for the regular term 
in June, 1879, but died in office, June 10, 1882. 

BURRELL, Orlando, member of Congress, was 
born in Bradford Countj', Pa. ; removed with liis 
parents to White County, 111., in 1834, growing 
up on a farm near Carnii; received a common 
school education; in 18.")0 went to California, 
driving an ox-team across the plains. Soon after 
the beginning of the Civil War (18(il) lie raised a 
company of cavalry, of which he was elected 
Captain, and which became a part of the First 
Regiment Illinois Cavalry; served as County 
Judge from 1873 to 1881, and was elected SlierilT 
in 188G. In 1891 he was elected Representative 
in Congress as a Republican from the Twentietli 
District, composed of counties wliich formerly 
constituted a large part of the old Nineteentli 
District, and which had uniformly been repre- 
sented by a Democrat. He suffered defeat as a 
candidate for re-election in 1896. 

BURROUGHS, John Curtis, clergyman and 
educator, was born in Stamford, N. Y., Dec. 7, 
1818; graduated at Yale College in 1842, and 
Madison Theological Seminary in 1840. After 
five years spent as pastor of Baptist churches at 
Waterford and West Troy, N. Y., in 1853 he 
assumed the pastorate of the First Baptist Church 
of Chicago; about 1856 was elected to the presi- 
dency of the Chicago University, then just 
established, having previously declined the 
presidency of Shurtleff College at Upper Alton. 
Resigning his position in 1874, he soon after 
became a member of the Chicago Board of Edu- 
cation, and, in 1884, was elected Assistant Super- 
intendent of Public Schools of that city, serving 
until his death, April 21, 1892. 

BUSEY, Samnel T., banker and ex-Congress- 
man, was born at Greencastle, Ind., Nov. 16, 
1835; in infancy was brought by his parents to 
Urbana, 111., where he was educated and has 
since resided. From 1857 to 1859 he was engaged 
in mercantile pur.suits, but during 18()()-(U 
attended a commercial college and read law. In 
1862 he was chosen Town Collector, but resigned 
to enter the Union Army, being commissioned 
Second Lieutenant by Governor Yates, and 
assigned to recruiting service. Having aided in 
the organization of the Seventy-sixth Illinois 
Volunteers, he was commissioned its Lieutenant- 
Colonel, August 12, 1862 ; was afterward promoted 
to the colonelcy, and mustered out of service at 
Chicago, August 6, 1865, with the rank of Brevet 
Brigadier-General. In 1860 he was an unsuccess- 
ful candidate for the General Assembly on the 
Democratic ticket, and for Trustee of the State 



University in 1888. From 1880 to 1889 he was 
Mayor and President of the Board of Education 
of Urbana. In 1807 he opened a private bank, 
whicli he conducted for twenty-one years. In 
1890 he was elected to Congress from the Fif- 
teenth Illinois District, defeating Josepli G. Can- 
non, Republican, by whom lie was in turn 
defeated for the same office in 1892. 

BUSHNELL, a flourishing city and manufac- 
turing center in McDonough County, 11 miles 
northea.st of Macomb, at the junction or two 
branches of the Chicago. Burlington & Quincy 
with the Toledo, Peoria & We.stern Railroads; has 
numerous manufactories, inchiding wooden 
pump«, flour, agricultural implements, wagons 
and cariiages. tank and fence-work, rural mail- 
boxes, mattresses, brick, besides egg and poultry 
packing houses; also has water- woi'ks and elec- 
tric lights, grain elevators, three banks, several 
churches, graded public and high schools, two 
newspapers and a public library. Pop. (1900), 2,490. 

BUSHXELL, Xehemiah, lawyer, was born in 
the town of Westbrook, Conn., Oct. 9, 1813; 
graduated at Yale College in 1835, studied law 
and was admitted to the bar in 1837, coming in 
December of the same year to Quin(\v, 111. , where, 
for a time, he assisted in editing "The Whig" 
of that city, later forming a partnership witli 
O. H. Browning, which was never fully broken 
until his death. In his practice he gave much 
attention to land titles in the "Military Tract"; 
in 1851 %vas President of the portion of the North- 
ern Cross Railroad between Quincy and Gales- 
burg (now a part of the Chicago, Burlington & 
Quincy), and later of the Quincj- Bridge Company 
and the Quincy & Palmyra (Mo.) Railroad. In 
1872 he was elected by the Republicans the 
"minority" Representative from Adams County 
in the Twenty-eighth General Assemblj^ but 
died during the succeeding session, Jan. 31, 1873. 
He was able, high-minded and honorable in public 
and private life. 

BUSHNELL, Washington, lawyer and Attoiv 
ne)'-General, was born in JIadison County, N. Y., 
Sept. 30, 1825; in 1837 came with his father to 
Lisbon, Kendall County, 111., where he worked on 
a farm and taught at times ; studied law at Pough- 
keepsie, N. Y., was admitted to the bar and 
established himself in practice at Ottawa, IlL 
Tlie public positions held by him were those of 
State Senator for La Salle County (1861-69) and 
Attorney-General (1869-73); was also a member 
of the Republican National Convention of 1864, 
besides being identified with various business 
enterprises at Ottawa. Died, June 30, 1885. 



70 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



BUTLER, William, State Treasurer, was born 
in Adair County, Ivy., Dec. l.'j, 1797; during the 
war of 1813, at the age of 16 years, served as the 
messenger of tlie GoTcrnor of Kentucky, carrying 
dispatelies to Gen. William Henry Harrison in 
the field; removed to Sangamon County, 111., in 
1828, and, in 1836, was appointed Clerk of the 
Circuit Court by Judge Stephen T. Logan. In 
1859 he served as foreman of the Grand Jury 
which investigated the "canal scrip frauds" 
charged against ex-Governor Matteson, and it 
was largely through his influence that the pro- 
ceedings of that body were subsequently pub- 
lished in an official form. During the same year 
Governor Bissell appointed him State Treasurer 
to fill a vacancy caused by the resignation of 
James Miller, and he was elected to the same 
office in 1860. Mr. Butler was an ardent sup- 
porter of Abraham Lincoln, whom he efficiently 
befriended in the early struggles of the latter 
in Springfield. He died in Springfield, Jan. 11, 
1876. 

BUTTERFIELD, Justin, early lawyer, was 
born at Keene, N. H., in 1790. He studied at 
"Williams College, and was admitted to the bar 
at Watertown, N. Y., in 1813. After some years 
devoted to practice at Adams and at Sackett's 
Harbor, N. Y. , he removed to New Orleans, where 
he attained a high rank at the bar. In 183.5 he 
settled in Chicago and soon became a leader in 
his profession there also. In 1841 he was appointed 
by President Harrison United States District At- 
torney for the District of Illinois, and, in 1849, by 
President Taylor Commissioner of the General 
Land Office, one of his chief competitors for tlie 
latter place being Abraham Lincoln. This dis- 
tinction he probably owed to the personal influ- 
ence of Daniel Webster, then Secretary of State, 
of whom Mr. Butterfield was a personal friend 
and warm admirer. While Commissioner, he 
rendered valuable service to the State in securing 
the canal land grant. As a lawyer he was logical 
and resourceful, as well as witty and quick at 
repartee, yet his chief strength lay before the 
Court rather than the jury. Numerous stories 
are told of his brilliant sallies at the bar and 
elsewhere. One of the former relates to his 
address before Judge Nathaniel Pope, of the 
United States Court at Springfield, in a habeas- 
corpus case to secure the release of Joseph Smith, 
the Mormon prophet, who was iinder arrest under 
the charge of complicity in an attempt to assassin- 
ate Governor Boggs of Missouri. Rising to begin 
his argument, Mr. Butterfield said; "I am to 
address the Pope" (bowing to the Court), "sur- 



rounded by angels" (bowing still lower to a party 
of ladies in the audience), "in the presence of 
the holy apostles, in behalf of the prophet of 
the Lord." On another occasion, being asked if 
he was opposed to the war with Mexico, he 
replied, "I opposed one war" — meaning his 
opposition as a Federalist to the War of 1813 — 
"but learned the folly of it. Henceforth I am for 
war, pestilence and famine." He died, Oct. 25, 
185.5. 

BYFORD, William H., physician and author, 
was born at Eaton, Ohio, March 30, 1817; in 1830 
came with his widowed mother to Crawford 
County, 111., and began learning the tailor's 
trade at Palestine; later studied medicine at 
Vincennes and practiced at different points in 
Indiana. Meanwhile, having graduated at the 
Ohio Medical College, Cincinnati, in 18.50, he 
assumed a professorship in a Medical College at 
Evansville, Ind. , also editing a medical journal. 
In 1857 he removed to Chicago, where he ac- 
cepted a chair in Rush Medical College, but two 
years later became one of the founders of the 
Chicago Medical College, where he remained 
twert)' years. He then (1879) returned to Rush, 
assuming the chair of Gynecology. In 1870 he 
assisted in founding the Woman's Sledical Col- 
lege of Chicago, remaining President of the 
Faculty and Board of Trustees imtil his death. 
May 31, 1890. He published a number of medical 
works which are regarded as standard by the 
profession, besides acting as associate of Dr. N. S. 
Davis in the editorship of "The Chicago Medical 
Journal" and as editor-in-chief of "The Medical 
Journal and Examiner," the successor of the 
former. Dr. Byford was held in tlie highest 
esteem as a physician and a man, both by the 
general public and his professional associates. 

BYRON, a village of Ogle County, in a pictur- 
esque region on Rock River, at junction of the 
Cliicago Great Western and the Chicago, Mil- 
waukee & St. Paul Railways. 83 miles west-north- 
west from Chicago; is in rich farming and dairy- 
ing district; has two banks and two weekly 
papers. Population (1890), 698; (1900), 1,015. 

CABLE, a town in Mercer County, on the Rock 
Island & Peoria Railroad, 26 miles south by east 
from Rock Island. Coal-mining is the principal 
industry, but there are also tile works, a good 
quality of clay for manufacturing purposes being 
found in abundance. Population (1880), 573, 
(1890), 1.276; (1900). 697. 

CABLE, Benjamin T., capitalist and politician, 
was born in Georgetown, Scott County, Ky.. 



niSTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



71 



August 11, 1853. When he was three years old 
his father's family removed to Rook Island, 111., 
where he has since resided. After passing 
through the Rock Island public schools, he matric- 
ulated at the University of Michigan, graduating 
in June, 18TG. He owns extensive ranch and 
manufacturing property, and is reputed wealthy ; 
is also an active Democratic politician, and influ- 
ential in his party, having been a member of both 
the National and State Central Committees. In 
1890 he was elected to Congress from the Eleventh 
Illinois District, but since 1893 has held no public 
office. 

CABLE, Ransom R., railway manager, was 
born in Athens County, Ohio, Sept. 23, 1834. 
His early training was mainly of the practical 
sort, and by the time he was 17 years old he was 
actively employed as a Imiiberman. In IH^u he 
removed to Illinois, first devoting his attention 
to coal mining in the neighborhood of Rock 
Island. Later he became interested in the pro- 
jection and management of railroads, being in 
turn Superintendent, Vice-President and Presi- 
dent of the Rock Island & Peoria Railroad. His 
next position was that of General Manager of the 
Rockford, Rock Island & St. Louis Railroad. His 
experience in these positions rendered him famil- 
iar with both the scope and the details of railroad 
management, while his success brought him to 
the favorable notice of those who controlled rail- 
way interests all over the country. In 1876 he 
was elected a Director of the Chicago, Rock 
Island & Pacific Railway. In connection with 
this company he has held, successively, the 
offices of Vice-President, Assistant to the Presi- 
dent, General Manager and President, being chief 
executive officer since 1880. (See Chicago, Rock 
Island cfr Pacific Bailway.) 

C.iHOKIA, the first permanent white settle- 
ment in Illinois, and, in French colonial times, 
one of its principal towns. French Jesuit mis- 
sionaries established the mission of the Tamaroas 
here in 1700, to which they gave the name of 
"Sainte Famille de Caoquias," antedating the 
settlement at Kaskaskia of the same year by a 
few months. Cahokia and Kiiskaskia were 
jointly made the countj'-seats of St. Clair County, 
when that county was organized by Governor St. 
Clair in 1790. Five years later, when Randolph 
County was set off from St. Clair, Cahokia was 
continued as the county-seat of the parent 
county, so remaining until the removal of the 
seat of justice to Belleville in 1814. Like its 
early rival, Kaskaskia, it has dwindled in impor- 
tance until, in 1890, its population was estimated 



at 100. Descendants of the early French settlers 
make up a considerable portion of the present 
population. The site of the old town is on the 
line of the Baltimore & Ohio Southwestern Rail- 
road, about four miles from East St. Louis. 
Some of the most remarkable Indian mounds in 
the Mississippi Valley, known as "the Cahokia 
Mounds," are located in the vicinity. (See Mound- 
Builders. ^\'o>•ks of the.) 

CAIRNES, Abraham, a native of Kentucky, in 
1816 settled in that part of Crawford County, 111., 
which was embraced in Lawrence County on the 
organization of the latter in 1821. Mr. Cairnes 
was a member of the House for Crawford County 
in the Second General Assembly (1820-22), and 
for Lawrence County in the Third (1822-24), in 
the latter voting against the pro-slavery Conven- 
tion scheme. He removed from Lawrence 
County to some point on the Mississippi River in 
1826, but further details of his history are un- 
known. 

CAIRO, the coimty-seat of Alexander County, 
and the most important river point between St. 
Louis and Memphis. Its first charter was ob- 
tained from the Territorial Legislature bj' Shad- 
racli Bond (afterwards Governor of Illinois), John 
G. Comyges and others, who incorporated the 
"City and Bank of Cairo. "' The company entered 
about 1,800 acres, but upon the death of Mr. Comy- 
ges, the land reverted to the Government. The 
forfeited tract was re-entt-red in 183.5 by Sidney 
Breese and others, who later transferred it to the 
"Cairo City and Canal Company," a corporation 
chartered in 1837, which, by purchase, increased 
its holdings to 10,000 acres. Peter Stapleton is 
said to have erected the first house, and John 
Hawley the second, within the town limits. In 
consideration of certain privileges, the Illinois 
Central Railroad has erected around the water 
front a substantial levee, eighty feet wide. Dur- 
ing the Civil War Cairo was an important base 
for militarj- operations. Its population, according 
to the census of 1900, was 12,566. (See also Alex- 
ander County.) 

CAIRO BRIDG-E, THE, one of the triumphs of 
modern engineering, erected by the Illinois Cen- 
tral Railroad Company across the Ohio River, 
opposite the city of Cairo. It is the longest 
metallic bridge across a river in the world, being 
thirty-three feet longer than the Tay Bridge, in 
Scotland. The work of construction was begun, 
July 1, 1887, and uninterruptedly prosecuted for 
twenty-seven months, being completed, Oct. 29, 
1889. The first train to cross it was made up of 
ten locomotives coupled together. The ap- 



72 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



proaches from both the Illinois and Kentucky 
shores consist of iron viaducts and well-braced 
timber trestles. The Illinois viaduct approach 
consists of seventeen spans of 150 feet each, and 
one span of 106 J-i feet. All these rest on cylin- 
der piers filled witli concrete, and are additionally 
supported by piles driven within the cylinders. 
The viaduct on the Kentuckj' shore is of similar 
general construction. The total number of spans 
is twenty-two — twenty-one being of 150 feet each, 
and one of 106^ feet. The total length of the 
metal work, from end to end, is 10,650 feet, 
including that of the bridge proper, whicli is 
4.644 feet. The latter consists of nine through 
spans and three deck spans. The through sjjans 
rest on ten first-class masonry piers on pneumatic 
foundations. The total length of the bridge, 
including the timber trestles, is 20,461 feet — about 
BJi miles. Tour-fifths of the Illinois trestle 
work has been filled in with earth, while that on 
the southern shore has been virtually replaced by 
an embankment since the completion of the 
bridge. The bridge proper stands 104.42 feet in 
the clear above low water, and from the deepest 
foundation to the top of the highest iron work is 
248,94 feet. The total cost of the work, including 
the filling and embankment of the trestles, has 
been (1895) between §3,250,000 and S3,500..000. 

CAIRO, TIXCENNES & CHICAGO RAIL- 
ROAD, a division of the Cleveland, Cincinnati, 
Chicago & St. Louis Railway, extending from 
Danville to Cairo (361 miles), with a branch nine 
miles in length from St. Francisville, 111., to Vin- 
cennes, Ind. It was chartered as the Cairo & 
Vincennes Railroad in 1867, completed in 1872, 
placed in the hands of a recei%er in 1874, .sold 
under foreclosm-e in January, 1880, and for some 
time operated as the Cairo Division of the 
Wabash, St. Louis & Pacific Railway. In 1889, 
having been surrendered by the Wabash, St. 
Louis & Pacific Railway, it was united witli the 
Danville & Southwestern Railroad, reorganized as 
the Cairo, Vincennes & Chicago Railroad, and, 
in 1890, leased to the Cleveland, Cincinnati, Chi- 
cago & St. Louis Railway, of which it is known 
as the "Cairo Division." (See Cleveland, Cincin- 
nati, Chicago &• St. Louis Railway.) 

CAIRO & ST. LOUIS RAILROAD, (See St. 
Louis & Cairo Railroad and Mobile & Ohio Rail- 
ivay. ) 

CAIRO & VINCENXES RAILROAD. (See 
Cairo, Vince7i7ies d- Chicago Railroad.) 

CALDWELL, (Dr.) Georg'e, early physician 
and legislator (the name is spelled botli Cadwell 
and Caldwell in the early records), was born at 



Wethersfield, Conn., Feb. 21, 1773, and received 
his literarj' education at Hartford, and his pro- 
fessional at Rutland, Vt. He married a daughter 
of Hon. Matthew Lyon, who was a native of 
Ireland, and who served two terms in Congress 
from Vermont, four from Kentucky (1803-11), 
and was elected the first Delegate in Congress 
from Arkansas Territory, but died before taking 
his seat in August, 1822. Lyon was also a resi- 
dent for a time of St. Louis, and was a candidate 
for Delegate to Congress from Missouri Territory, 
but defeated by Edward Hemjxstead (see Hemp- 
stead. Edward). Dr. Caldwell descended the 
Ohio River in 1799 in company with Lyon's 
family and his brother-in-law, John IMessinger 
(see Messinger, John), who afterwards became a 
prominent citizen of St. Clair County, the party 
locating at Eddyville, Ky. In 1802, Caldwell 
and Messinger removed to Illinois, landing near 
old Fort Chartres, and remained some time in 
the American Bottom. The former finallj- 
located on the banks of the Mississippi a few 
miles above St. Loms, where he practiced his 
profession and held various public offices, includ- 
ing those of Justice of the Peace and County 
Judge for St. Clair County, as also for Madison 
County after the organization of the latter. He 
served as State Senator from Madison County 
in the First and Second General Assemblies 
(1818-33), and, having removed in 1820 within the 
limits of what is now Morgan County (but still 
earlier embraced in Greene), in 1823 was elected 
to the Senate for Greene and Pike Counties — 
the latter at that time embracing all the northern 
and northwestern part of the State, including 
the county of Cook. During the following ses- 
sion of the Legislature he was a sturdy opponent 
of the scheme to make Illinois a slave State. His 
home in Morgan County was in a locality known 
as "Swinerton's Point," a few miles west of 
Jacksonville, where he died, August 1, 1836. 
(See Slavery and Slai^e Laws.) Dr. Caldwell (or 
Cadwell, as he was widely known) commanded 
a liigh degree of respect among early residents of 
Illinois. Governor Reynolds, in his "Pioneer 
History of Illinois," says of him: "He was 
moral and correct in his publio and private life, 
. . . was a respectable physician, and always 
maintained an unblemished character." 

CALHOUN, John, pioneer printer and editor, 
was born at Watertown, N. Y., April 14, 1808; 
learned the printing trade and practiced it in his 
native town, also working in a type-foundry in 
Albany and as a compositor in Troy. In the fall 
of 1833 he came to Chicago, bringing with him 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



73 



an outfit for the publication of a weekly paper, 
and, on Nov. 20, began the issue of "The Chicago 
Democrat" — the first paper ever published in that 
city. Mr. Calhoun retained the management of 
the paper three years, transferring it in Novem- 
ber. ISoO, to John Wentworth, who conducted it 
imtil its absorption by "The Tribune" in July, 
1801. Jlr. Calhoim afterwards served as County 
Treasurer, still later as Collector, and, finally, as 
agent of the Illinois Centra! Railroad in j^rocur- 
ing right of way for the construction of its lines. 
Died in Chicago, Feb. 30, 1859. 

CALHOUN, John, surveyor and politician, was 
born in Boston, Mass., Oct. 14, 1800; removed to 
Springfield. 111., in 1830, served in the Black 
Hawk War and was soon after appointed County 
Surveyor. It was under Mr. Calhoun, and by his 
appointment, that Abraham Lincoln served for 
some time as Deputy Sm-veyor of Sangamon 
County. In 1838 Calhoun was chosen Represent- 
ative in the General Assembly, but was defeated 
in 1840, though elected Clerk of the House at the 
following session. He was a Democratic Presi- 
dential Elector in 1844, was an unsuccessful 
candidate for the nomination for Governor in 
1846, and, for three terms (1849, '50 and '51), 
served as Mayor of the city of Springfield. In 
1852 he was defeated by Richard Yates (after- 
wards Governor and United States Senator), as a 
candidate for Congress, but two years later was 
appointed by President Pierce Surveyor-General 
of Kansas, where he became discreditably con- 
spicuous by his zeal in attempting to carry out 
the policy of the Buchanan administration for 
making Kansas a slave State — especially in con- 
nection with the Lecompton Constitutional Con- 
vention, with the election of which he had much 
to do, and over which he presided. Died at St. 
Joseph, Mo., Oct 25, 1859. 

CALHOUN, William J., lawyer, was bom in 
Pittsburg, Pa., Oct. 5, 1847. After residing at 
various points in that State, his family removed 
to Ohio, where he worked on a farm until 1804, 
when he enlisted as a private in the Nineteenth 
Ohio Volunteer Infantry, serving to the end of 
the war. He participated in a number of severe 
battles while with Sherman on the march against 
Atlanta, returning with General Thomas to Nash- 
ville, Tenn. During the last few months of the 
war he served in Texas, being mustered out at 
Saa Antonio in that State, though receiving his 
final discharge at Columbus, Ohio. After the 
war he entered the Poland Union Seminary, 
where he became the intimate personal friend of 
Maj. WilUam McKinley, who was elected to the 



Presidency in 1896. Having graduated at the 
seminary, he came to Areola, Douglas County, 
111., and began the study of law, later taking a 
course in a law .school in Chicago, after which he 
was admitted to the bar (1875) and established 
himself in practice at Danville as the partner of 
the Hon. Joseph B. Mann. In 1882 Mr. Calhoun 
was elected as a Republican to the lower branch 
of the Thirty -third General Assembly and, during 
the following session, proved himself one of the 
ablest members of that body. In May, 1897, Mr. 
Calhoun was appointed by President McKinley a 
special envoj" to investigate the circumstances 
attending the death of Dr. Ricardo Ruiz, a nat- 
uralized citizen of the United States who had 
died while a prisoner in the hands of the Spaniards 
during the rebellion then in progress in Cuba. 
In 1898 he was appointed a member of the Inter- 
State Commerce Commission to succeed William 
R. Morrison, whose term had expired. 

CALHOUX COUNTY, situated between the 
Mississippi and Illinois Rivers, just above their 
junction. It has an area of 260 square miles, 
with a population (1900) of 8,917; was organized 
in 1825 and named for John C. Calhoun. Origi- 
nally, the county was well timbered and the 
early settlers were largely engaged in lumbering, 
which tended to give the population more or less 
of a migratory character. Much of the timber 
has been cleared off, and the principal business 
in later years has been agriculture, although coal 
is found and mined in paying quantities along 
•Silver Creek. Tradition has it that the aborig- 
ines found the precious metals in the bed of this 
stream. It was originally included within the 
limits of the Military Tract set apart for the 
veterans of the War of 1812. The physical con- 
formation of the county's surface exhibits some 
peculiarities. Limestone bluffs, rising some- 
times to the height of 200 feet, skirt the banks of 
both rivers, while through the center of the 
county runs a ridge dividing the two watersheds. 
The side valleys and the top of the central ridge 
iare alike fertile. The bottom lands are very 
rich, but are liable to inundation. The county- 
seat and principal town is Hardin, with a popula- 
tion (1890) of 311. 

C.ILLAHAN, Ethclbert, lawyer and legislator, 
was born near Newark, Ohio, Dec. 17, 1829; 
came to Crawford County, 111., in 1849, where he 
farmed, taught school and edited, at different 
times, "The Wabash Sentinel " and "The Marshall 
Telegraph." He early identified himself with 
the Republican party, and, in 1864, was the 
Republican candidate for Congress in his dis- 



74 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



triet ; liecame a member of the first State Board 
of Equalization by appointment of Governor 
Oglesby in 1867; served in the lower house of the 
General Assembly during tlie sessions of 1875, '91, 
'93 and '95, and, in 1893-95, on a Joint Committee 
to revise the State Revenue Laves. He was also 
Presidential Elector in 1880, and again in 1888. 
Mr. Callahan was admitted to the bar when past 
30 years of age, and was President of the State 
Bar As.sociation in 1889. His home is at Robinson. 
CALUMET RIVER, a short stream the main 
body of which is formed by the union of two 
branches which come together at the southern 
boundary of the city of Chicago, and which flows 
into Lake Michigan a short distance north of the 
Indiana State line. The eastern branch, known 
as the Grand Calumet, flows in a westerly direc- 
tion from Northwestern Indiana and unites with 
the Little Calumet from the west, 3'/i miles from 
the mouth of the main stream. From the south- 
em limit of Chicago the general course of the 
stream is north between Lake Calumet and Wolf 
Lake, which it serves to drain. At its mouth, 
Calumet Harbor has been constructed, which 
admits of the entrance of vessels of heavy 
draught, and is a shipping and receiving 
point of importance for heavy freight for 
the Illinois Steel Works, the Pullman Palace 
Car Works and other manufacturing establish- 
ments in that vicinity. The river is regarded as 
a navigable stream, and has been dredged by the 
General Government to a depth of twenty feet 
and 300 feet wide for a distance of two miles, 
with a depth of sixteen feet for the remainder of 
the distance to the forks. The Calumet feeder 
for the Illinois and Michigan Canal extends from 
the west branch (or Little Calumet) to the canal 
in the vicinity of Willow Springs. The stream 
was known to the early French explorers as "the 
Calimic," and was sometimes confounded by 
them with the Chicago River. 

CALUMET RIVER RAILROAD, a short line. 
4.43 miles in length, lying wholly within Cook 
Coimty. The Pennsylvania Railroad Company 
is the lessee, but the line is not operated at present 
(1898). Its outstanding capital stock is §68,700. 
It has no funded debt, but has a floating debt of 
§116,357, making atotal capitalization of 8185,087. 
This road extends from One Hundredth Street in 
Chicago to Hegewisch, and was chartered in 1883. 
(See Peimsylvania Railroad.) 

CAMBRIDGE, the county-seat of Henry 
County, about 160 miles southwest of Chicago, 
on the Rock Island & Peoria Railroad. It is situ- 
ated in a fertile region chiefly devoted to 



agriculture and stock-raising. The city is a con- 
siderable grain market and has some manufac- 
tories. Some coal is also mined. It has a public 
library, two newspapers, three banks, good 
schools, and handsome public (county) buildings. 
Population (1880), 1,203; (1890), United States 
census report, 940; (1900), 1,345. 

CAMERON, James, Cumberland Presbyterian 
minister and pioneer, was born in Kentucky in 
1791, came to Illinois in 1815, and, in 1818, settled 
in Sangamon County. In 1829 he is said to have 
located where the town of New Salem (after- 
wards associated with the early history of Abra- 
ham Lincoln) was built, and of which he and 
James Rutledge were the founders. He is also 
.said to have officiated at the funeral of Ann 
Rutledge, with whose memory Mr. Lincoln's 
name has been tenderly associated by his biog- 
raphers. Mr. Cameron subsequently removed 
successively to Fulton County, 111., to Iowa and 
to California, dying at a ripe old age, in the latter 
State, about 1878. 

CAMP DOUGLAS, a Federal military camp 
established at Chicago early in the War of the 
Rebellion, located between Thirty -first Street and 
College Place, and Cottage Grove and Forest 
Avenues. It was ^originally designed and solely 
used as a camp of instruction for new recruits. 
Afterwards it was utilized as a place of confine- 
ment for Confederate prisoners of war. (For 
plot to liberate the latter, together with other 
similar prisoners in Illinois, see Camp Douglas 
Conspiracy. ) 

CAMP DOUGLAS CONSPIRACY, a plot formed 
in 1864 for the liberation of the Confederate 
prisoners of war at Chicago (in Camp Douglas), 
Rock Island, Alton and Springfield. It was to be 
but a preliminary step in the execution of a 
design long cherished by the Confederate Gov- 
ernment, viz., the seizing of the organized gov- 
ernments of Ohio, Indiana and Illinois, and the 
formation of a Northwestern Confederacy, 
through the cooperation of the "Sons of Lib- 
erty." (See Secret Treasonable Societies.) Three 
peace commissioners (Jacob Thompson, C. 0. 
Clay and J. P. Holcomb), who had been sent 
from Richmond to Canada, held frequent 
conferences with leaders of the treasonable 
organizations in the North, including Clement L. 
Vallandigham, Bowles, of Indiana, and one 
Charles Walsh, who was head of the movement 
in Chicago, with a large number of allies in that 
city and scattered throughout the States. The 
general management of the afl'air was entrusted 
to Capt. Thomas H. Hines, who had been second 



TII.-^TORK'AL ENfYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



75 



in command to the rebel Gen. John Morgan dur- 
ing his raid north of the Ohio River, while Col. 
Vincent Marmaduke, of Missouri, and G. St. Leger 
Grenfell (an Englishman) were selected to 
carry out the military jirogram. Hines followed 
out his instructions with great zeal and labored 
indefatigably. Thomjjson's duty was to dis- 
seminate incendiary treasonable literature, and 
strengthen the timorous "Sons of Liberty" by 
the use of argmnent and money, both lie and his 
agents being lavishly supplied with the latter. 
There was to be a draft in July, 1804, and it was 
determined to arm the "Sons of Liberty" for 
resistance, the date of uprising being fixed for 
July 20. This part of the scheme, however, was 
finally abandoned. Captain Hines located him- 
self at Chicago, and personally attended to the 
distribution of funds and the purchase of arms. 
The date finally fixed for the attempt to liberate 
the Southern prisoners was August 2i), 1804, when 
the National Democratic Convention was to 
assemble at Chicago. On that date it was 
expected the city would be so crowded that the 
presence of the promised force of "Sons" would 
not excite comment. The program also included 
an attack on the city by water, for which pur- 
pose reliance was placed upon a horde of Cana- 
dian refugees, under Capt. John B. Castleman. 
There were some 20, 500 Southern prisoners in the 
State at this time, of whom about 8,000 were at 
Chicago, 0,000 at Rock Island, 7,500 at Spring- 
field, and 5,000 at Alton. It was estimated that 
there were 4,000 "Sons of Liberty" in Chicago, 
who would be largely reen forced. With these 
and the Canadian refugees the prisoners at Camp 
Douglas were to be liberated, and the army thus 
formed was to march upon Rock Island, Spring- 
field and Alton. But suspicions were aroused, 
and the Camp was reenforced by a regiment of 
infantry and a battery. The organization of the 
proixjsed assailing force was very imperfect, and 
the great majority of those who were to compose 
it were lacking in courage. Not enough of the 
latter reported for service to justify an attat'k, 
and tlie project was postponed. In the meantime 
a preliminary part of the plot, at least indirectly 
connected with the Camp Douglas conspiracy, 
and which contemplated the release of the rebel 
ofticers confined on Johnson's Island in Lake 
Erie, had been "nipped in tlie bud" by tlie arrest 
of Capt. C. H. Cole, a Confederate officer in dis- 
guise, on the 19th of Septemlier, just as he was 
on the point of putting in execution a scheme for 
seizing the United States steamer Michigan at 
Sandusky, and putting on board of it a Confeder- 



ate crew. November 8 was the date next .selected 
to carry out the Chicago scheme — the day of Presi- 
dent Lincoln's second election. The same pre- 
liminaries were arranged, except that no water 
attack was to be made. But Chicago was to be 
burned and flooded, and its banks pillaged. 
Detachments were designated to apply the torch, 
to open fire plugs, to levy arms, and to attack 
banks. But representatives of the United States 
Secret Service had been initiated into the "Sons 
of Liberty," and the plans of Captain Hines and 
his associates were well known to the authori- 
ties. An efficient body of detectives was put 
upon their track by Gen. B. J. Sweet, the com- 
mandant at Camp Douglas, although some of the 
most valuable service in running down the con- 
spiracy and capturing its agents, was rendered 
bj' Dr. T. Winslow Ayer of Chicago, a Colonel 
Langhorne (an ex-Confederate who had taken 
the oath of allegiance without the knowledge of 
some of the parties to the plot), and Col. J. T. 
Shanks, a Confederate prisoner who was known 
as "The Texan." Both Langhorne and Shanks 
were appalled at the horrible nature of the plot 
as it was unfolded to them, and entered with 
zeal into the effort to defeat it. Slianks was 
permitted to escape from Camp Douglas, therebj- 
getting in communication with the leaders of the 
plot who assisted to conceal him, while he faith- 
fully apprised General Sweet of their plans. On 
the night of Nov. 6 — or rather after midnight on 
the morning of the 7th — General Sweet caused 
simultaneous arrests of the leaders to be made at 
their hiding-places. Captain Hines was not 
captured, but the following conspirators were 
taken into custody: Captains Cantrill and Trav- 
erse; Charles Walsh, the Brigadier-General of 
the "Sons of Liberty," who was sheltering them, 
and in whose barn and house was found a large 
quantity of arms and military stores; Cols. St. 
Leger Grenfell, W. R. Anderson and J. T. 
Shanks; R. T. Semmes, Vincent Marmaduke, 
Charles T. Daniel and Bucknor S. Morris, the 
Treasurer of the order. Tliey were tried by 
Military Commission at Cincinnati for conspir- 
acy. Marmaduke and Morris were acquitted ; 
Anderson committed suicide during the trial; 
Walsh, Semmes and Daniels were sentenced to 
the penitentiary, and Grenfell was sentenced to 
be hung, although his sentence was afterward 
commuted to life imprisonment at the Dry Tortu- 
gas, where he mysteriously disappeared some 
years afterward, but whether he escaped or wa,s 
drowned in the attempt to do so has never teen 
known. The British Government had made 



76 



HISTOKICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



repeated attempts to secure his release, a brother 
of liis being a General in the British Army. 
Daniels managed to escape, arid was never recap- 
tured, while Walsh and Semmes, after under- 
going brief terms of imprisonment, were 
pardoned bj^ President Johnson. The subsequent 
history of Shanks, who played so prominent a 
part in defeating the scheme of wholesale arson, 
pillage and assassination, is interesting. While 
in prison he had been detailed for service as a 
clerk in one of the offices under the direction of 
General Sweet, and, while thus employed, made 
the acquaintance of a young lady member of a 
loyal family, whom he afterwards married. 
After the exposure of the contemplated uprising, 
the rebel agents in Canada offered a reward of 
§1,000 in gold for the taking of his life, and he 
was bitterly persecuted. The attention of Presi- 
dent Lincoln was called to the service rendered 
bj' him, and sometime during 1805 he received a 
commission as Captain and engaged in fighting 
the Indians upon the Plains. The efficiency 
shown by Colonel Sweet in ferreting out the con- 
spiracy and defeating its consummation won for 
him the gratitude of the people of Chicago and 
the whole nation, and was recognized by the 
Government in awarding him a commission as 
Brigadier-General. (See Benjamin J. Sweet, 
Camp Douglas and Secret Treasonable Societies. ) 

CAMPBELL, Alexander, legislator and Con- 
gressman, was born at Concord, Pa., Oct. 4, 1814. 
After obtaining a limited education in the com- 
mon schools, at an early age he secured employ- 
ment as a clerk in an iron manufactory. He soon 
rose to the position of superintendent, managing 
iron-works in Pennsylvania, Kentucky and Mis- 
souri, until 1850, when he removed to Illinois, 
settling at La Salle. He was twice (1853 and 
1853) elected JIayor of that citj', and represented 
his county in the Twenty-first General Assembly 
(1859). He was also a member of the State 
Constitutional Convention of 18G3, and served 
one term (1875-77) as Representative in Congress, 
being elected as an Independent, but, in 1878, was 
defeated for re-election by Philip C. Hayes, 
Republican. Mr. Campbell was a zealous friend 
of Abraham Lincoln, and, in 1858, contributed 
liberally to the expenses of the latter in making 
the tour of the State during the debate with 
Douglas. He broke with the Republican party 
in 1874 on the greenback issue, which won for 
him the title of "Father of the Greenback." His 
death occurred at La Salle, August 9, 1898. 

CAMPBELL, Antrim, early lawyer, was born 
in New Jersey in 1814; came to Springfield, 111., 



in 1838; was appointed Master in Chancery for 
Sangamon County in 1849, and, in 1861, to a 
similar position bj' the United States District 
Court for that district. Died, August 11, 1868. 

CAMPBELL, James R., Congressman and sol- 
dier, was born in Hamilton County, 111., May 4, 
1853, his ancestors being among the first .settlers 
in that section of the State; was educated at 
Notre Dame University, Ind. , read law and was 
admitted to the bar of the Supreme Court in 1877 ; 
in 1878 purchased "The McLeansboro Times," 
which he has since conducted ; was elected to the 
lower house of the General Assembly in 1884, and 
again in '80, advanced to the Senate in 1888, and 
re-elected in '93. During his twelve years' 
experience in the Legislature he participated, as 
a Democrat, in the celebrated Logan -Morrison 
contest for the United States Senate, in 1885, and 
assisted in the election of Gen. John M. Palmer 
to the Senate in 1891. At the close of his last 
term in the Senate (1890) he was elected to Con- 
gress from the Twentieth District, receiving a 
plurality of 3,851 over Orlando Burrell, Repub- 
lican, who had been elected in 1894. On the 
second call for troops issued by the President 
during the Spanish-American War, Mr. Camp- 
bell organized a regiment which was mustered in 
as the Ninth Regiment Illinois Volunteers, of 
which he was commissioned Colonel and assigned 
to the corps of Gen. Fitzhugh Lee at Jackson- 
ville, Fla. Although his regiment saw no active 
service during the war, it was held in readiness 
for that purpose, and, on the occupation of Cuba 
in December, 1898, it became a part of the army 
of occupation. As Colonel Campbell remained 
with his regiment, he took no part in the pro- 
ceedings of the last term of the Fifty-fifth Con- 
gress, and was not a candidate for re-election in 
1898. 

CAMPBELL, Thompson, Secretary of State 
and Congressman, was born in Chester County, 
Pa., in 1811 ; removed in childhood to the western 
part of the State and was educated at Jefferson 
College, afterwards reading law at Pittsburg. 
Soon after being admitted to the bar he removed 
to Galena, 111., where he had acquired some min- 
ing interests, and, in 1843, was appointed Secre- 
tary of State by Governor Ford, but resigned in 
1846, and became a Delegate to the Constitutional 
Convention of 1847; in 1850 was elected as a 
Democrat to Congress from the Galena District, 
but defeated for re-election in 1853 by E. B. 
Washburne. He was then appointed by President 
Pierce Commissioner to look after certain land 
grants by the Mexican Government in California, 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



77 



removing to that State in 1853, but resigned this 
position about 1855 to engage in general practice. 
In 1859 }ie made an extended visit to Europe 
with his family, and, on Ids return, located in 
Chicago, the following year becoming a candidate 
for Presidential Elector-at-large on the Breckin- 
ridge ticlcet; in 18C1 returned to California, and, 
on the breaking out of the Civil War, became a 
zealous champion of the Union cause, by his 
speeches exerting a powerful influence upon the 
destiny of the State. He also served in the Cali- 
fornia Legislature during the war, and, in 1864, 
was a member of the Baltimore Convention 
which nominated Mr. Lincoln for the Presidency 
a second time, assisting most ably in the subse- 
quent campaign to carry the State for the Repub- 
lican ticket. Died in San Francisco, Dec. G, 1868. 

CAMPBELL, William J., lawyer and politi- 
cian, was born in Philadelphia in 1850. When 
he was two years old liis father removed to 
Illinois, settling in Cook County. After passing 
througli the Chicago public schools, 5Ir. Camp- 
bell attended the University of Pennsylvanin, for 
two years, after which he studied law, and was 
admitted to the bar in 1875. From that date he 
was in active practice and attained prominence 
at the Chicago bar. In 1878 lie was elected State 
Senator, and was re-elected in 1882, serving in all 
eight years. At the sessions of 1881, '83 and '85 
he was chosen President pro tempore of the 
Senate, and, on Feb. 6, 1883, he became Lieuten- 
ant-Governor upon the accession of Lieutenant- 
Governor Hamilton to the executive office to 
succeed Shelby M. Cullom, who had been elected 
United States Senator. In 1888 he represented 
the First Illinois District in the National Repub- 
lican Convention, and was the same year chosen 
a member of the Republican National Committee 
for Illinois and was re-elected in 1882. Died in 
Chicago, March 4, 1896. For several years 
immediately preceding his death, Mr. Campbell 
was the chief attorney of the Armour Packing 
Company of Chicago. 

CAMP POINT, a village in Adams County, at 
the intersection of the Chicago. Burlington & 
Quincy and the Wabash Railroads, 22 miles east- 
northeast of Quincy. It is a grain center, has 
one flour mill, two feed mills, one elevator, a 
pressed brick plant, two banks, four churches, a 
high school, and one newspaper. Population 
(1890). l,l.-)0; (1900), 1,260. 

CAXAL SCRIP FRAUD. During the session 
of the Illinois General Assembly of 1859, Gen. 
Jacob Fry, who, as Commissioner or Trustee, had 
been associated with the construction of the 



Illinois & Michigan Canal from 1837 to 1845, 
had his attention called to a check purporting to 
have been issued by the Commissioners in 1839, 
which, upon investigation, he became convinced 
was counterfeit, or had been fraudulently issued. 
Having communicated his conclusions to Hon. 
Jesse K. Dubois, the State Auditor, in charge of 
the work of refunding the State indebtedness, an 
inquiry was instituted in the office of the Fund 
Commissioner — a position attached to the Gov- 
ernor's office, but in the charge of a secretary — 
which developed the fact that a large amount of 
these evidences of indebtedness had been taken 
up through that office and bonds issued therefor 
by the State Auditor under the laws for funding 
the State debt. A subsequent investigation by the 
Finance Committee of the State Senate, ordered 
by vote of that body, resulted in the discovery 
that, in May and August, 1839, two series of 
canal "scrip" (or checks) had been issued by the 
Canal Board, to meet temporary demands in the 
work of construction — the sum aggregating 
$269,059 — of which all but S316 had been redeemed 
within a few years at the Chicago branch of the 
Illinois State Bank. The bank officers testified 
that this scrip (or a large part of it) had, after 
redemption, been held by them in the bank vaults 
without cancellation until settlement was had 
with the Canal Board, when it was packed in 
boxes and turned over to the Board. After hav- 
ing lain in the canal office for several years in 
this condition, and a new "Trustee" (as the 
officer in charge was now called) having come 
into the canal office in 1853, this scrip, with other 
papers, was repacked in a shoe-box and a trunk 
and placed in charge of Joel A. Matteson, then 
Governor, to be taken by him +0 Springfield and 
deposited there. Nothing further was known of 
these papers until October, 1854. when §300 of the 
scrip was presented to the Secretary of the Fund 
Commissioner by a Springfield banker, and bond 
j.ssued thereon. This was followed in lSo6 and 
1857 by larger sums, until, at the time the legis- 
lative investigation was instituted, it was found 
that bonds to the amount of §223,182.66 had been 
issued on account of principal and interest. 
With the exception of the §300 first presented, it 
was sliown that all the scrip so funded liad been 
jiresented by Governor Matteson, either while in 
office or subsequent to his retirement, and the 
bonds issued therefor delivered to him — although 
none of the persons in whose names the issue was 
made were known or ever afterward discovered. 
The developments made by the Senate Finance 
Committee led to an offer from Matteson to 



78 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



indemnify the State, in which he stated that he 
liad "unconsciously and innocently been made 
the insti-ument through whom a gross fraud upon 
the State had been attempted." He therefore 
gave to the State mortgages and an indemnifying 
bond for the sum shown to have been funded by 
him of this class of indebtedness, upon which tlie 
State, on foreclosure a few years later, secured 
judgment for §255,000, although the property on 
being sold realized only 8238,000. A further 
investigation by the Legislature, in 1801, revealed 
the fact that additional issues of bonds for similar 
scrip had been made amounting to §165,346, for 
which the State never received any compensa- 
tion. A search through the State House for the 
trunk and box placed in the hands of Governor 
Matteson in 1853, while the official investigation 
was in progress, resulted in the discovery of the 
trunk in a condition showing it had been opened, 
but the box was never found. The fraud was 
made the subject of a protracted investigation 
by the Grand Jury of Sangamon County in May, 
1859, and, although the jury twice voted to indict 
Governor Slatteson for larceny, it as often voted 
to reconsider, and, on a third ballot, voted to 
"ignore the bill." 

CAXBY, Richard Sprigg', jurist, was born in 
Green County, Ohio, Sept. 30, 1808 ; was educated 
at Jliami Universitj' and admitted to the bar, 
afterwards serving as Prosecuting Attorney, 
member of the Legislature and one term (1847-49) 
in Congress. In 1863 he removed to Illinois, 
locating at Olney, was elected Judge of the 
Twenty-fifth Judicial Circuit in 1867, resuming 
practice at the expiration of his term in 1873. 
Died in Richland County, July 27, 1895. Judge 
Canby was a relative of Gen. Edward Richard 
Spriggs Canby, who was treacherously killed by 
the Modocs in California in 1873. 

CAXXO\, Joseph G.> Congressman, was born 
at Guilford, N. C, May 7, 1836, and removed to 
Illinois in early youth, locating at Danville, Ver- 
milion County. By profession he is a lawyer, 
and served as State's Attorney of Vermilion 
County for two terms (1861-68). Incidentally, 
he is conducting a large banking business at 
Danville. In 1872 he was elected as a Republican 
to the Forty-third Congress for the Fifteenth Dis- 
trict, and has been re-elected biennially ever 
since, except in 1890, when he was defeated for 
the Fifty-second Congress by Samuel T. Busey, 
his Democratic opponent. He is now (1898) 
serving his twelfth term as the Representative 
for the Twelfth Congressional iJistrict, and has 
been re-elected for a tliirteenth term in the Fifty- 



sixth Congress (1899-1901). Mr. Cannon has been 
an influential factor in State and National poli- 
tics, as shown by the fact that he has been Chair- 
man of the House Committee on Appropriations 
during the important sessions of the Fifty-fourth 
and Fifty-fifth Congresses. 

CANTON, a flourishing city in Fulton County, 
12 miles from the Illinois River, and 28 miles 
southwest of Peoria. It is the commercial me- 
tropolis of one of the largest and richest counties 
in the "corn belt"; also has abundant supplies 
of timber and clay for manufacturing purposes. 
There are coal mines within the municipal limits, 
and various manufacturing establishments. 
Among the principal outputs are agricultural 
implements, flour, brick and tile, cigars, cigar 
boxes, foundry and machine-shop products, fire- 
arms, brooms, and marble. The city is lighted 
by gas and electricity, has water-works, fire de- 
partment, a public library, six ward schools and 
one high schoo'., and three newspapers. Popula- 
tion (1890), 5,004; (1900), 6,564. 

CAPPS, Jabez, pioneer, was born in London, 
England, Sept. 9, 1796 ; came to the United States 
in 1817, and to Sangamon County, 111., in 1819. 
For a time he taught school in what is now 
called Round Prairie, in the present County of 
Sangamon, and later in Calhoun (the original 
name of a part of the city of Springfield), having 
among his pupils a number of those who after- 
wards became prominent citizens of Central 
Illinois. In 1836, in conjunction with two part- 
ners, he laid out the town of Mount Pulaski, the 
original county-seat of Logan County, where he 
continued to live for the remainder of his life, 
and where, during its later period, he served as 
Postmaster some fifteen years. He also served as 
Recorder of Logan County four years. Died, 
April 1, 1896, in the 100th year of his age. 

CARBONDALE, a city in Jackson County, 
founded in 1852, .57 miles north of Cairo, and 91 
miles from St. Louis. Three lines of railway 
center here. The chief industries are coal-min- 
ing, farming, stock-raising, fruit-growing and 
lumbering. It has- two preserving plants, eight 
churches, two weekly papers, and four public 
schools, and is the seat of the Southern Illinois 
Normal University. Pop. (1890), 2,382; (1900), 3,318. 

CARBOND.ALE & SHAWXEETOWX RAIL- 
ROAD, a short line 17j^ miles in length, ex- 
tending from Marion to Carbondale, and operated 
by the St. Louis, Alton & Terre Haute Railroad 
Company, as lessee. It was incorporated as the 
Murphysboro & Shawneetown Railroad in 1867; 
its name changed in 1869 to The Carbondale & 



HISTOKICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OE ILLINOIS. 



79 



Shawneetown, was opened for business, Dec. 31, 
1871, and leased in 1886 for 980 years to the St. 
Louis Southern, through wliich it passed into the 
hands of tlie St. Louis, Alton & Terre Haute Rail- 
road, and by lease from tlie latter, in IS'JO. became 
apart of the Illinois Central System (which see). 
CAREY, William, lawyer, was born in tlie town 
of Turner, JIaine, Dec. 29, 1820; studied law with 
General Fe.ssenden and at Yale Law School, was 
admitted to the bar of the Supreme Court of 
Maine in IS.jC, the Supreme Court of Illinois in 
1857, and the Supreme Court of the United 
States, on motion of Hon. Lyman Trumbull, in 
1873. Judge Carey was a member of the State 
Constitutional Convention of 1809-70 from Jo 
Daviess County, and the clioice of the Republicans 
in that body for temporary presiding officer; 
was elected to the next General Assembly (the 
Twenty -seventh), serving as Chairman of the 
House Judiciary Committee through its four ses- 
sions; from 1873 to 1870 was United States Dis- 
trict Attorney for Utah, still later occupying 
various offices at Deadwood, Dakota, and in Reno 
County, Kan. The first office held by Judge 
Carey in Illinois (that of Superintendent of 
Schools for the city of Galena) was conferred 
upon him through the influence of John A. Raw- 
lins, afterwards General Grant's chief-of-staff 
during the war, and later Secretary of War — 
although at the time Mr. Rawlins and he were 
politically opposed. Mr. Carej'S present resi- 
dence is in Chicago. 

CARLIN, Tlioiuas, former Governor, was born 
of Irish ancestry in Fayette County, Ky., July 
18, 1789; emigrated to Illinois in 1811, and served 
as a private in the War of 1812, and as a Captain 
in the Black Hawk War. While not highly edu- 
cated, he was a man of strong common sense, 
high moral standard, great firmness of cliaracter 
and unfailing courage. In 1818 he settled in 
Greene County, of which he was the first Sheriff; 
was twice elected State Senator, and was Regis- 
ter of the Land Oflice at Quincy, when he was 
elected Governor on the Democratic ticket in 
1838. An uncompromising partisan, he never- 
theless commanded the respect and good-will of 
his political opponents. Died at his home in 
Carrollton, Feb. 14, 18.J2. 

CARLIN, William Passmore, soldier, nephew of 
Gov. Thomas Carlin, was born at Rich Woods, 
Greene County, 111., Nov. 24, 1829. At the age 
of 21 he graduated from the United States Mili- 
tary Academy at West Point, and, in 18.").5. was 
attached to the Si.\th United States Infantry as 
Lieutenant. After several years spent in Indian 



fighting, he was ordered to California, where he 
was promoted to a captaincy and a.ssigned to 
recruiting duty. On August 15, 1801, he was 
commissioned Colonel of the Thirty-eighth Illi- 
nois Volunteers. His record during the war was 
an exceptionally brilliant one. He defeated Gen. 
Jeff. Tliompson at Fredericktown, Mo., Oct. 21, 
1801 ; commanded the District of Southeast Mis- 
souri for eighteen months ; led a brigade under 
Slocum in the Arkansas campaign ; served with 
marked distinction in Kentucky and Missis.sippi; 
took a prominent part in the battle of Stone 
River, was engaged in the TuUahoma campaign, 
at Chattanooga, Lookout Mountain and Mission- 
ary Ridge, and, on Feb. 8, 1804, was commis- 
sioned Major in the Sixteenth Infantry. He also 
took part in the Georgia campaign, aiding in tlie 
capture of Atlanta, and marching with Sherman 
to the sea. For gallant service in the assault at 
Jonesboro, Tenn., Sept. 1, 1804, he was made 
Colonel in the regular army, and, on March 13, 
1805, was brevetted Brigadier-tJeneral for meritori- 
ous service at Bentonville, N. C, and Major- 
General for services during the war. Colonel 
Carlin was retired with the rank of Brigadier- 
General in 1893. His home is at Carrollton. 

CARLINVILLE, the countj'-seat of Macoupin 
County; a city and railroad junction, 57 miles 
northeast of St. Louis, and 38 miles southwest of 
Springfield. Blackburn University (which see) 
is located here. Three coal mines are operated, 
and there are brick works, tile work.s, and one 
newspaper. The city has gas and electric light 
plants and water-works. Population (1880), 
8,117; (1890), 3,293; (1900), 3,502. 

CARLYLE, the county-seat of Clinton County, 
48 miles east of St. Louis, located on tlie Kaskas- 
kia River and the Baltimore & Ohio Southwestern 
Railroad. The town has churches, parochial and 
public .scliools, water-works, lighting plant, and 
manufactures. It has a flourishing seminary for 
young ladies, three weekly papers, and a public 
library connected with the high school. Popula- 
tion (1890), 1,784; (1900), 1,874. 

CARMI, the county-seat of White County, on 
the Little Wabash River, 124 miles east of St. 
Louis and 38 west of Evansville, Ind. The sur- 
rounding country is fertile, yielding both cereals 
and fruit. Flouring mills and lumber manufac- 
turing, including the making of staves, are the 
chief indu.stries, though the city has brick and 
tile works, a plow factory and foundry. Popula- 
tion (1880), 2.512: (1890), 2.785; (1900), 2,939. 

CARPEXTER. Milton, legislator and State 
Treasurer ; entered upon public life in Illinois as 



80 



HISTOEICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



Representative in the Ninth General Assembly 
(1834) from Hamilton County, serving bj- succes- 
sive re-elections in the Tenth, Eleventh and 
Twelfth. While a member of the latter (1841) 
he was elected by the Legislature to the office of 
State Treasurer, retaining this position until the 
adoption of the Constitution of 1848, when he was 
chosen his own successor by popular vote, but 
died a few days after the election in August, 
1848. He was buried in what is now known as 
the "Old Hutchinson Cemetery" — a burying 
ground in the west part of the city of Springfield, 
long since abandoned — where his remains still lie 
(1897) in a grave unmarked by a tombstone. 

CARPENTER, Philo, pioneer and early drug- 
gist, was born of Puritan and Revolutionary 
ancestry in the town of Savoy, Mass., Feb. 27, 
1805 ; engaged as a druggist's clerk at Troy, N. Y. , 
in 1828, and came to Chicago in 1832, where he 
established himself in the drug business, which 
was later extended into other lines. Soon after 
his arrival, he began investing in lands, which 
have since become immensely valuable. Mr. 
Carpenter was associated with the late Rev. 
Jeremiah Porter in the organization of the First 
Presbyterian Church of Chicago, but, in 18.51, 
withdrew on account of dissatisfaction with the 
attitude of some of the representatives of that 
denomination on the subject of slaver^-, identify- 
ing himself with the Congregationalist Church, 
in wliich he had been reared. He was one of the 
original founders and most liberal benefactors of 
the Chicago Theological Seminary, to which he 
gave in contributions, during his life-time, or in 
bequests after liis death, sums aggregating not 
far from .?100,000. One of the Seminary build- 
ings was named in his honor, "Carpenter Hall." 
He was identified with various other organiza- 
tions, one of the most important being the Relief 
and Aid Society, which did such useful work 
after the fire of 1871. By a life of probitj", liber- 
ality and benevolence, he won the re.spect of all 
classes, dying, August 7, 1886, 

CARPENTER, (Mrs.) Sarah L. Warren, pio- 
neer teacher, born in Fredonia, N. Y., Sept. 1, 
1813 ; at the age of 13 she began teaching at State 
Line, N. Y. ; in 1833 removed with her parents 
(Mr. and Mrs. Daniel AVarren) to Chica,go, and 
soon after began teaching in what was called the 
"Yankee settlement," now the town of Lockport, 
Will County. She came to Chicago the following 
year (1834) to take the place of assistant of Gran- 
ville T. Sproat in a school for boys, and is said to 
have been the first teacher paid out of the public 
funds in Chicago, though Miss Eliza Chappell 



(afterwards Mrs. Jeremiah Porter) began teach- 
ing the children about Fort Dearborn in 1833. 
Miss Warren married Abel E. Carpenter, whom 
she survived, dying at Aurora, Kane County, 
Jan. 10, 1897. 

CARPENTERSVILLE, a village of Kane 
County and manufacturing center, on Lake Ge- 
neva branch of the Chicago & Northwestern Rail- 
road. 6 miles north of East Elgin and about 48 
miles from Chicago. Pop. (1890), 754 ; (1900). 1,003. 

CARR, Cl^rk E., lawyer, politician and diplo- 
mat, was born at Boston, Erie County, N. Y., 
May 20, 1836; at 13 years of age accompanied his 
father's family to Galesburg, 111., where he spent 
several years at Knox College. In 1857 he gradu- 
ated from the Albany Law School, but on return- 
ing to Illinois, soon embarked in politics, his 
affiliations being uniformly with the Republican 
party. His first office was that of Postmaster at 
Galesburg, to which he was appointed by Presi- 
dent Lincoln in 1861 and which he held for 
twenty-four years. He was a tried and valued 
assistant of Governor Yates during the War of 
the Rebellion, serving on the staff of the latter 
with the rank of Colonel. He was a delegate to 
the National Convention of his party at Baltimore 
in 1864, which renominated Lincoln, and took an 
active part in the campaigns of that year, as well 
as those of 1868 and 1872. In 1869 he purchased 
"The Galesburg Republican," which he edited 
and published for two years. In 1880 he was an 
unsuccessful candidate for the Republican nomi- 
nation for Governor ; in 1884 was a delegate to the 
Republican National Convention, from the State- 
at-large, and, in 1887, a candidate for the caucus 
nomination for United States Senator, which was 
given to Charles B. Farwell. In 1888 he was 
defeated in the Republican State Convention as 
candidate for Governor by Joseph W. Fifer. In 
1889 President Harri.son appointed him Minister 
to Denmark, which post he filled with marked 
ability and credit to the country until his resig- 
nation was accepted by President Cleveland, 
when he returned to his former home at Gales- 
burg. While in Denmark he did much to 
promote American trade with that country, 
especially in the introduction of American corn 
as an article of food, wliich has led to a large 
increase in the annual exportation of this com- 
modity to Scandinavian markets. 

CARR, Eugene A., soldier, was born in Erie 
County, N. Y., May 20, 1830, and graduated at 
West Point in 1850, entering the Mounted Rifles. 
Until 1861 he was stationed in the Far West, and 
engaged in Indian fighting, earning a First Lieu- 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



81 



tenancy through his gallantry. In 1801 he 
entered upon active service under General Lyon, 
in Southwest Jlissouri, taking part in the engage- 
ments of Dug Springs and Wilson's Creek, 
winning the brevet of Lieutenant-Colonel. In 
September, 1801, he was coninussioned Colonel of 
the Third Illinois Cavalry. lie served as acting 
Brigadier-General in Fremont's hundred-day 
e.xpedition, for a time commanding the Fourth 
Division of the Army of the Southwest. On the 
second day at Pea Ridge, although three times 
wounded, he remained on the field seven hours, 
and materiallj' aided in securing a victory, for 
his bravery being made Brigadier-General of 
Voliinteers. In the summer of 1803 he was 
promoted to the rank of Major in the Regular 
Army. During the Vicksburg campaign he com- 
manded a division, leading tlie attack at JIagnolia 
Church, at Port Gibson, and at Big Black River, 
and winning a brevet Lieutenant-Colonelcy in 
the United States Army. He also distinguished 
himself for a first and second a.ssault upon taking 
Vicksburg, and, in the autumn of 1862, com- 
manded the left wing of the Sixteenth Corps at 
Corinth. In December of that year he was 
transferred to the Department of Arkansas, 
where he gained new laurels, being brevetted 
Brigadier-General for gallantry at Little Rock, 
and Major-General for services during the war. 
After the close of the Civil War, he was stationed 
chiefly in the West, where he rendered good serv- 
ice in the Indian campaigns. In 1894 he was 
retired with the rank of Brigadier-General, and 
has since I'esided in New York. 

C.VRRIEL, Henry F., M.D., alienist, was born 
at Charlestowii, N. H.. and educated at Marlow 
Academy, N. H., and Wesleyan Seminary, Vt. ; 
graduated from the College of Physicians and 
Surgeons, New York City, in 1857, and immedi- 
ately accepted the position of Assistant Physician 
in the New Jersey State Lunatic A.sylum, 
remaining until 1870. Meanwhile, however, he 
visited a large number of the leading hospitals 
and asylums of Europe. In 1870, Dr. Carriel 
received the appuintment of Superintendent of 
the Illinois Central Ilo.spital for the Insane at 
Jacksonville, a position which he continued to 
fill until 1893, when he voluntarily tendered to 
Governor Altgeld his resignation, to take effect 
July 1 of that year. — Mrs, Mary Turner (Carriel), 
wife of Dr. Carriel, and a daughter of Prof. 
Jonathan B. T\irner of Jacksonville, was elected 
a Trustee of the University of Illinois on the Repub- 
lican ticket in 1896, receiving a plurality of 148,039 
over Julia Holmes Smith, her highest competitor. 



CARROLL COUNTY, originally a part of Jo 
Daviess Count)', but set apart and organized in 
1839, named for Charles Carroll of CarroUton. The 
first settlements were in and around Savanna, 
Cherry Grove and Arnold's Grove. The first 
County Commissioners were Messrs. L. II. Bor- 
den, Garner Motfett and S. M. Jersey, who held 
their first court at Savanna. April 13, 1831). In 
1843 the county-seat was changed from Savanna 
to Mount Carroll, where it yet remains. Town- 
ships were first organized in 1850, and the 
development of the county has steadily pro- 
gre.ssed since that date. The surface of the land 
is rolling, and at certain points decidedly pictur- 
esque. The land is generallj- good for farming. 
It is well timbered, particularly along the Mis- 
sissippi, Area of the county, 440 square miles; 
jiopulation, 18,903. Mount Carroll is a plea-sant, 
prosperous, wide-awake town, of about 2,000 
inhabitatits, and noted for its excellent public 
and private schools. 

CARROLLTOJf, the county-seat of Greene 
County, situated on the west branch of the Chi- 
cago & Alton and the Quincy, CarroUton & St. 
Louis Railroads, 33 miles north-northwest of 
Alton, and 34 miles south by west from Jackson- 
ville. The town has a foundry, carriage and 
wagon factory, two machine shops, two flour 
mills, two banks, six churches, a high school, and 
two weekly newspapers. Population (1890), 
2,258; (1900), 3,355. 

CARTER, Joseph N., Justice of the Supreme 
Court, was born in Hardin County, Ky., JIarch 
13, 1843; came to Illinois in boyhood, and, after 
attending school at Tuscola four years, engaged 
in teaching until 1863, when he entered Illinois 
College, graduating in 1866; in 1808 gi-aduated 
from the Law Department of the University of 
Michigan, the next year establishing himself in 
practice at Quincy, where he has since resided. 
He was a member of the Thirty-first and Thirty- 
second General Assemblies (1878-83), and, in 
June, 1894, was elected to tlie seat on the Supreme 
Bench, which lie now occupies 

CARTER, Thomas Henry, United States Sena- 
tor, born in Scioto County, Ohio, Oct, 30, 1854; 
in his fifth year was brouglit to Illinois, his 
father locating at Pana. where he was educated 
in the public schools; was employed in farming, 
railroading and teaching several years, then 
studied law and was admitted to the bar. and. in 
1883, removed to Helena, Mont., where he en- 
gaged in practice; was elected, as a Republican 
the last Territorial Delegate to Congress from 
Idaho and the first Representative from the new 



82 



HISTOEICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



state; was Commissioner of the General Land 
Office (1891-93), and, in 1895, was elected to the 
United States Senate for the term ending in 1901. 
In 1893 he was chosen Chairman of the Repub- 
lican National Committee, serving until the St. 
Louis Convention of 1896. 

CARTERVILLE, a city in Williamson County, 
10 miles by rail northwest of Marion. Coal min- 
ing is the principal industry. It has a bank, five 
churches, a public school, and a vi'eekly news- 
paper. PopiUation (1880), 693; (1890), 969; (1900), 
1,749; (1904, est.), 2,000. 

CARTHAGE, a city and the county-seat of 
Hancock County, 13 miles east of Keokuk, Iowa, 
on the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy and the Wa- 
bash Railroads; lias water-works, electric lights, 
three banks, four trust companies, four weekly 
and two semi-weekly papers, and is the seat of a 
Lutheran College. Pop, (1890), 1,654; (1900), 2,104. 

CARTHAGE COLLEGE, at Carthage, Hancock 
County, incorporated in 1871 ; has a teaching 
faculty of twelve members, and reports 158 pupils 
— sixty-eight men and ninety women — for 1897-98. 
It has a library of 5,000 volumes and endowment 
of $33,000. Instruction is given in the classical, 
scientific, musical, fine arts and business depart- 
ments, as well as in preparatory studies. In 1898 
this institution reported a property valuation of 
$41,000, of which §35,000 was in real estate. 

CARTHAGE & BURLIXGTON RAILROAD. 
(See Chicago, Burlington & Quincy Railroad.) 

CARTWRIGHT, James Henry, Justice of the 
Supreme Court, was born at Maquoketa, Iowa, 
Dec. 1, 1843 — the son of a frontier Methodist 
clergyman; was educated at Rock River Semi- 
nary and the University of Micliigan, graduating 
from the latter in 1867 ; began practice in 1870 at 
Oregon, Ogle County, which is still his home ; in 
1888 was elected Circuit Judge to succeed Judge 
Eustace, deceased, and in 1891 assigned to Appel- 
late Court duty ; in December, 1895, was elected 
Justice of the Supreme Court to succeed Justice 
John M. Bailey, deceased, and re-elected in 
1897. 

CARTWRIGHT, Peter, pioneer Methodist 
preacher, was born in Amherst County, Va., 
Sept. 1, 1785, and at the age of five years accom- 
panied his father (a Revolutionary veteran) to 
Logan County, Ky. The country was wild and 
unsettled, tliere were no schools, the nearest mill 
was 40 miles distant, the few residents wore 
homespun garments of flax or cotton ; and coffee, 
tea and sugar in domestic use were almost un- 
known. Methodist circuit riders soon invaded 
the district, and, at a camp meeting held at Cane 



Ridge in 1801, Peter received his first religious 
impressions. A few months later he abandoned 
his reckless life, sold his race liorse and abjui'ed 
gambling. He began preaching immediately 
after iiis conversion, and, in 1803, was regularly 
received into the ministry of the Methodist Epis- 
copal Church, although only 18 years old. In 
1833 he removed to Illinois, locating in Sangamon 
County, then but sparsely settled. In 1838, and 
again in 1833, he was elected to the Legislature, 
where his homespun wit and undaunted courage 
stood him in good stead. For a long series of 
years he attended annual conferences (usually as 
a delegate), and was a conspicuous figure at 
camp-meetings. Altliough a Democrat all his 
life, he was an uncompromising antagonist of 
slavery, and rejoiced at the division of his 
denomination in 1844. He was also a zealous 
supporter of the Government during the Civil 
War. In 1846 he was a candidate for Congress 
on the Democratic ticket, but was defeated by 
Abraham Lincoln. He was a powerful preacher, 
a tireless worker, and for fifty years served as a 
Presiding Elder of his denomination. On the 
lecture platform, his quaintness and eccentricity, 
together with his ine.xhaustible fund of personal 
anecdotes, insured an interested audience. 
Numerous .stories are told of his physical prowess 
in overcoming unruly characters whom he had 
failed to convince by moral suasion. Inside the 
cliurcli he was equally fearless and outspoken, 
and his strong common sense did much to pro- 
mote the success of tlie denomination in the 
West. He died at his home near Pleasant Plains, 
Sangamon County, Sept. 25, 1873. His principal 
published works are "A Controversy with the 
Devil" (1853), "Autobiography of Peter Cart- 
wright" (1856), "The Backwoods Preacher" 
(London, 1869), and several works on Methodism. 
CARY, Eugrene, lawyer and insurance manager, 
was born at Boston, Erie County, N. Y., Feb. 30, 
1835; began teaching at sixteen, meanwhile 
attending a select school or academy at intervals ; 
studied law at Sheboygan, Wis., and Buffalo, 
N. Y., 1855-56; served as City Attorney and 
later as County Judge, and, in 1861, enlisted in 
the First Regiment Wisconsin Volvmteers, serv- 
ing as a Captain in the Army of the Cmnberland, 
and tlie last two years as Judge- Advocate on the 
staff of General Rousseau. After the war lie 
settled at Nashville, Tenn., wliere he held the 
office of Judge of the First District, but in 1871 
he was elected to the City Council, and, in 1883, 
was the High-License candidate for Mayor in 
opposition to Mayor Harrison, and believed by 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



83 



many to have been honestly elected, but counted 
out by the machine metliods then in vogue. 

CASAD, Anthony Wayne, clergyman and phy- 
sician, was born in Wantage Towusliip, Sussex 
County, N. J., May 2, 1791; died at Suinmerfield, 
III, Dec. 16, 18.57. His father, Rev. Thomas 
Casad, was a Baptist minister, who, with his 
wife, Abigail Tingley, was among the early 
settlers of Sussex Countj'. He was descended 
from Dutch-Huguenot ancestry, the family name 
being originally Cossart, the American branch 
having been founded by Jacques Cossiirt, who 
emigrated from Ley den to New York in 1G03. 
At the age of 19 Antliony removed to Greene 
County, Ohio, settling at Fairfield, near the site 
of the present city of Dayton, where some of his 
relatives were then residing. On Feb. C, 1811, he 
married Anna, eldest daughter of Captain Samuel 
Stites and Martha Martin Stites, her mother's 
father and grandfather having been patriot sol- 
diers in tlie War of the Revolution. Anthony 
Wayne Casad served as a volunteer from Ohio in 
the War of 1812, being a member of Captain 
Wm. Stephenson's Company. In 1818 he re- 
moved with his wife's father to Union Grove, St. 
Clair County, 111. A few years later he entered 
the ministry of the Methodist Episcopal Church, 
and during 1821-23 was stationed at Kaskaskia 
and Buffalo, removing, in 1823, to Lebanon, 
where he taught .school. Later he studied medi- 
cine and attained considei'able prominence as a 
practitioner, being commissioned .Surgeon of the 
Forty-ninth Illinois Infantry in 183.5. He was 
one of the founders of McKendree College and a 
liberal contributor to its support; was also for 
many years Deputy Superintendent of Schools at 
Lebanon, served as County Surveyor of St. 
Clair County, and acted as agent for Harper 
Brothers in the .sale of Southern Illinois lands. 
He was a prominent Free Mason and an influ- 
ential citizen. His youngest daughter, Amanda 
Keziah. married Rev. Colin D. James (which see). 

CVSEY, a village of Clark County, at the inter- 
section of the Vandalia Line and the Chicago & 
Ohio River Railroad, 3.5 miles southwest of Terre 
Haute. Population (1890), 844; (1900), 1,500. 

CASEY, Zailoc, pioneer and early Congressman, 
was born in (ieorgia. Marcli 17, 1790, the young- 
est .son of a soldier of the Revolutionary War wlio 
removed to Tennessee about 1800. The subject 
of this sketch came to Illinois in 1817. bringing 
with him his widowed mother, and settling in 
the vicinity of the present city of Mount Vernon, 
in Jefferson County, where he acquired great 
prominence as a politician and became the bead 



of an influential family. He began preaching at 
an earlj' age, and continued to do so occasionally 
through his political career. In 1819, lie took a 
prominent part in the organization of Jefferson 
County, serving on the first Board of County 
Commissioners; was an unsuccessful candidate 
for the Legislature in 1820, but was elected 
Representative in 1822 and re-elected two years 
later; in 1826 was advanced to the Senate, serv- 
ing until 1830, when lie was elected Lieutenant- 
Governor, and during his incumbency took part 
in the Black Hawk AVar. On JIarch 1, 1833, he 
resigned the Lieutenant-Governorship to accept 
a seat as one of the three Congressmen from 
Illinois, to which he had been elected a few 
months previous, being subsequently re-elected 
for four consecutive terms. In 1842 he was 
again a candidate, but was defeated by John A. 
Mi'Clernand. Other public positions held by him 
included those of Delegate to the Constitutional 
Conventions of 1847 and 1862, Representative in 
the Sixteenth and Seventeenth General Assem- 
blies (184S-.52), serving as Speaker in the former. 
He was again elected to the Senate in 1860, but 
died before the expiration of his term, Sept. 4. 
1862. During the latter years of liis life he was 
active in securing the right of way for the Ohio 
& Mississippi Railroad, the original of the Mis- 
sissippi division of tlie Baltimore, Ohio & South- 
western. He commenced life in poverty, but 
acquired a considerable estate, and was the donor 
of the ground upon which the Supreme Court 
building for the Southern Division at Mount 
Vernon was erected. — Dr. Newton R, (Casey), 
son of the preceding, was born in Jefferson 
County, 111., Jan. 27, 1826, received his pri- 
mary education in the local schools and at Hills- 
boro and Mount Vernon Academies; in 1842 
entered the Ohio University at Athens in that 
State, remaining until 184.5, when he com- 
menced the study of medicine, taking a course 
of lectures tlie following year at the Louisville 
Medical Institute; soon after began practice, 
and, in 1847, removed to Benton, 111., returning 
the following year to Mount Vernon. In 
1856-57 he attended a second course of lectures at 
the Missouri Medical College, St. Louis, tlie latter 
year removing to Mound City, where he filled a 
number of positions, including that of Mayor 
from 18.59 to 1804, when he declined a re-election. 
In 1860, Dr. Casey served as delegate from Illi- 
nois to the Democratic National Convention at 
Charleston, S. C, and, on the establishment of 
the United States Government Hospital at Mound 
City, in 1861, acted for some time as a volunteer 



84 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



surgeon, later serving as Assistant Surgeon. In 
1866, he was elected Representative in tlie 
Twenty-fifth General Assembly and re-elected in 
1868, when he was an unsuccessful Democratic 
candidate for Speaker in opposition to Hon. S. M. 
CuUom; also again served as Representative in 
the Twenty-eighth General Assembly (1872-74). 
Since retiring from public life Dr. Casey has 
given his attention to the practice of his profes- 
sion. — Col. Thomas S. (Casey), another son, was 
born in Jefferson County, 111., April 6, 1833, 
educated in the common schools and at McKend- 
ree College, in due course receiving the degree of 
A.M. from the latter; studied law for three 
years, being admitted to the bar in 1854; in 1860, 
was elected State's Attorney for the Twelfth 
Judicial District; in September, 1862, was com- 
missioned Colonel of the One Hundred and Tenth 
Illinois Volunteer Infantry, but was mustered out 
May 16, 1863, having in the meantime taken part 
in the battle of Stone River and other important 
engagements in Western Tennessee. By this 
time his regiment, having been much reduced 
in numbers, was consolidated with the Sixtieth 
Illinois Volunteer Infantry. In 1864, he was 
again elected State's Attorney, serving until 
1868; in 1870, was chosen Representative, and, in 
1872, Senator for the IMount Vernon District for 
a term of four years. In 1879, he was elected Cir- 
cuit Judge and was immediately assigned to 
Appellate Court duty, soon after the expiration of 
his term, in 1885, removing to Springfield, where 
he died, March 1, 1891. 

CASS COUNTY, situated a little west of the 
center of the State, with an area of 360 square 
miles and a population (1900) of 17,222 — named 
for Gen. Lewis Cass. French traders are believed 
to liave made the locality of Beardstown their 
headquarters about the time of the discovery of 
the Illinois country. The earliest permanent 
white settlers came about 1820, and among them 
were Thomas Beard, Martin L. Lindsley, John 
Cetrough and Archibald Job. As early as 1821 
there was a horse-mill on Indian Creek, and, in 
1827, M. L. Lindsley conducted a school on the 
bluffs. Peter Cartwright, the noted Methodist 
missionary and evangelist, was one of the earliest 
preachers, and among the pioneers may be named 
Messrs. Robertson, Toplo, I\IcDonald, Downing, 
Davis, Shepherd, Penny, Bergen and Hopkins. 
Beardstown was the original county-seat, and 
during both the Black Hawk and Mormon 
troubles was a depot of supplies and rendezvous 
for troops. Here also Stephen A. Douglas made 
his fii'st political speech. The site of the town. 



as at present laid out, was at one time sold by 
Mr. Downing for twenty-five dollars. The 
county was set off from Morgan in 1837. The 
principal towns are Beardstown, Virginia, Chand- 
lerville, Ashland and Arenzville. The county- 
seat, formerly at Beardstown, was later removed 
to Virginia, where it now is. Beardstown was 
incorporated in 1837, with about 700 inhabitants. 
Virginia was platted in 1836, but not incorporated 
xmtil 1842. 

CASTLE, Orlando Lane, educator, was born at 
Jericho, Vt., July 26, 1822; graduated at Denison 
University, Oliio, 1846,- spent one year as tutor 
there, and, for several years, had charge of the 
public schools of Zanesville, Ohio. In 1858, he 
accepted the chair of Rhetoric, Oratory and 
Belles-Lettres in Shurtleff College, at Upper 
Alton, III., remaining until his death, Jan. 31, 
1892. Professor Castle received the degree of 
LL.D. from Denison University in 1877. 

CATHERWOOD, Mary Hartwell, author, was 
born (Hartwell) in Luray, Ohio, Dec. 16, 1844; 
educated at the Female College, Granville, Ohio, 
where she graduated, in 1868, and, in 1887, was 
married to James S. Catherwood, with whom she 
resides at Hoopeston, 111. Mrs. Catherwood is the 
author of a number of works of fiction, which 
have been accorded a high rank. Among her 
earlier productions are "Craque-o'-Dooni" (1881), 
"Rocky Fork" (1882), "Old Caravan Days" 
(1884), "The Secrets at Ro.seladies" (1888), "The 
Romance of Dollard" and "The Bells of St. 
Anne" (1889). During the past few years she 
has shown a predilection for subjects connected 
with early Illinois history, and has published 
popular romances under the title of "The Story 
of Tonty," "The White Islander," "The Lady of 
Fort St. John," "Old Kaskaskia" and "The Chase 
of Sant Castin and other Stories of the French 
in the New World." 

CATON, John Dean, early lawyer and jm-ist, 
was born in Monroe County, N. Y., March 19, 
1813. Left to the care of a widowed mother at 
an early age, his childhood was spent in poverty 
and manual labor. At 15 he was set to learn a 
trade, but an infirmity of sight compelled him to 
abandon it. After a brief attendance at an 
academj' at Utica, where he studied law between 
the ages of 19 and 21, in 1833 he removed to 
Chicago, and shortly afterward, on a visit to 
Pekin, was examined and licensed to practice by 
Judsre Stephen T. Logan. In 1834, he was elected 
Justice of the Peace, served as Alderman in 
1837-38, and sat upon the bench of tlie Supreme 
Court from 1842 to 1864, when he resigned, hav- 




V. 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



85 



ing served nearly twenty-two years. During 
this period he more than once occupied the posi- 
tion of Chief Justice. Being embarrassed by the 
financial stringency of 1837-38, in the latter j-ear 
he entered a tract of land near Plainfield, and, 
taking his family with him, began farming. 
Later in life, wliile a resident of Ottawa, he 
became interested in the construction of telegraph 
lines in the West, which for a time bore his name 
and were ultimately incorporated in the "We.st- 
ern Union." laying the foundation of a large 
fortune. On retiring from the bench, he devoted 
lumself for the remainder of his life to his private 
affairs, to travel, and to literary labors. Among 
his published works are "The Antelope and Deer 
of America," "A Suuimer in Norway," "Miscel- 
lanies," and "Early Bench and Bar of Illinois." 
Died in Chicago, July 30, 1895. 

C.VTARLT, Alfred W., early lawyer and legis- 
lator was boi'u in Connecticut, Sept. 15, 1793; 
served as a soldier in the War of 1812, and, in 
1823, came to Illinois, first settling at Edwards- 
ville, and soon afterwards at Carrollton, Greene 
Count}'. Here he was elected Representative in 
the Fifth General Assembly (1820), and again to 
the Twelfth (1810) ; al.so served as Senator in the 
Thirteenth, Fourteenth and Fifteenth A.ssemblies 
(1842-48), acting, in 1845, as one of the Commis- 
sionere to revise the statutes. In 1844, he was 
chosen a Presidential Elector, and, in 1846, was a 
prominent candidate for the Democratic nomi- 
nation for Governor, but was defeated in conven- 
tion by Augustus C. French, llr. Cavarly was 
prominent both in his profession and in the 
Legislature while a member of that body. In 
1853, he removed to Ottawa, where he resided 
until his de.itli. Oct. 25, 1876. 

CEXTERVILLE (or Central City), a village in 
the coal-mining district of Grundy County, near 
CoalCitv. Population (1880), 673; (1900), 290. 

CENTRAL HOSPITAL FOR THE INSANE, 
establisheil untler act of the Legislature passed 
JIarch 1, 1847, and located at Jacksonville, Mor- 
gan County. Its founding was largely due to the 
philanthro|)ic efforts of Miss Dorothea L. Di.\, 
who addressed the people from the platform and 
appeared before the General Assemblj- in behalf 
of this class of unfortunates. Construction of 
the building was begun in 1848. By 1851 two 
wards were ready for occupancy, and the first 
patient was received in November of that year. 
The first Suijerintendent was Dr. J. M. Higgins, 
who served less than two years, when he was suc- 
ceeded bj- Dr. H. K. Jones, who had been Assist- 
ant Superintendent. Dr. Jones remained as 



Acting Superintendent for several months, when 
the place was filled by the appointment of Dr. 
Andrew McFarlaud of New Hampshire, his 
administration continuing until 1870, when he 
resigned on account of ill-health, being succeeded 
by Dr. Henry F. Carriel of New Jersey. Dr. 
Carriel tendered his resignation in 1893, and, 
after one or two further changes, in 1897 Dr. 
F. C. Winslow, who had been Assistant Superin- 
tendent under Dr. Carriel, was placed in charge 
of the institution. The original plan of construc- 
tion provided for a center building, five and a 
half stories high, and two wings with a rear 
extension in which were to be the chapel, kitchen 
and employes' quarters. Subsequently these 
wings were greatly enlarged, permitting an 
increase in the number of wards, and as the 
exigencies of the institution demanded, appropri- 
ations have been made for the erection of addi- 
tional buildings. Numerous detached buildings 
have been erected within the past few years, and 
the capacity of the institution greatly increased 
— "The Annex" admitting of the introduction of 
many new and valuable features in the classifica- 
tion and treatment of patients. The number of 
inmates of late years has ranged from 1,200 to 
1,400. The counties fron. which patients are 
received in this institution embrace: Rock 
Island, Mercer, Henry, Bureau, Putnam, Mar- 
shall, Stark, Knox, Warren, Henderson, Hancock, 
McDonough, Fulton, Peoria, Tazewell, Logan, 
Mason, Menard, Cass, Schuyler, Adams, Pike, 
Calhoun, Brown, Scott, Morgan, Sangamon, 
Christian, Montgomery, Macoupin, Greene and 
Jersey. 

CENTRALIA, a city and railway center of 
Marion County, 250 miles south of Chicago. It 
forms a trade center for the famous "fruit belt" 
of Southern Illinois ; has a number of coal mines, 
a glass plant, an envelope factory, iron foundries, 
railroad repair shops, flour and rolling mills, and 
an ice plant; also has water- works and sewerage 
sy.stem, a fire department, two daily papers, and 
excellent graded scliools. Several parks afford 
splendid pleasure resorts. Population (1890), 
4,763; (1900), 6,721; (1903, est.). 8,000. 

CENTRALIA & ALTAMONT RAILROAD. 
(See ('cntralia & Chester Rtiilroud.) 

CENTRALIA & CHESTER RAILROAD, a rail- 
way line whollj- within the State, extending 
from Salem, in Marion County, to Chester, on the 
Mississippi River (91. G miles), with a lateral 
branch from .Sparta to Roxborough (5 miles), and 
trackage facilities over the Illinois Central from 
the branch junction to Centralia (2.9 miles) — 



86 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



total, 99.5 miles. The original line was chartered 
as the Centralia& Chester Railroad, in December, 
1887, completed from Sparta to Coulterville in 
1889, and consolidated tlie same year with the 
Sparta & Evansville and the Centralia & Alta- 
mont Railroads (projected); line completed 
from Centralia to Evansville early in 1894. The 
branch from Sparta to Rosborough was built in 
1895, the section of the main line from Centralia 
to Salem (14.9 miles) in 1896, and that from 
Evansville to Chester (17.6 miles) in 1897-98. 
The road was placed in the hands of a receiver, 
June 7, 1897, and the expenditures for extension 
and equipment made under authority granted by 
the United States Court for the issue of Receiver's 
certificates. The total capitalization is $3,374,- 
841, of which §978,000 is in stocks and $948,000 in 
bonds. 

CENTRAL MILITARY TRACT RAILROAD. 
(See Chicago, Burlington & Quincy Railroad.) 

CERRO GORDO, a town in Piatt County, 13 
miles by rail east-northeast of Decatur. The crop 
of cereals in the surrounding country is suflScient 
to support two elevators at Cerro Gordo, which 
has also a flouring mill, brick and tile factories, 
etc. There are three churches, graded schools, a 
bank and two newspaper offices. Population 
(1890), 939; (1900), 1,008. 

CHADDOCK COLLEGE, an institution under 
the patronage of the Methodist Episcopal Church 
at Quincy, 111., incorporated in 1878; is coeduca- 
tional, has a faculty of ten instructors, and 
reports 127 students — 70 male and 57 female — in 
the classes of 1895-96. Besides the usual depart- 
ments in literature, science and the classics, 
instruction is given to classes in theology, music, 
the fine arts, oratory and preparatory studies. It 
has property valued at .§110,000, and reports an 
endowment fund of .$8,000. 

CHAMBERLIN, Thomas Crowder, geologist 
and educator, was born near Mattoon, 111., Sept. 
25, 1845; graduated at Beloit College, Wisconsin, 
in 1866: took a course in Michigan University 
(1868-69); taught in various Wisconsin institu- 
tions, also discharged the duties of State 
Geologist, later filling the chair of Geology at 
Columbian University, Washington, D. C. In 
1878, he was sent to Paris, in charge of the edu- 
cational exhibits of Wisconsin, at the Interna- 
tional Exposition of that year — during his visit 
making a special study of the Alpine glaciers. 
In 1887, he was elected President of the Univer- 
sity of Wisconsin, serving until 1892, when he 
became Head Professor of Geology at the Univer- 
sity of Chicago, where he still remains. He is 



also editor of the University "Journal of Geol- 
ogy" and President of the Chicago Academy of 
Sciences. Professor Chamberlin is author of a 
number of volumes on educational and scientific 
subjects, chiefly in the line of geology. He 
received the degree of LL.D. from the Univer- 
sity of Michigan, Beloit College and Columbian 
University, all on the same date (1887). 

CHAMPAIGN, a flourishing city in Champaign 
County, 138 miles southwest of Chicago and 83 
miles northeast of Springfield ; is the intersecting 
point of three lines of railway and connected 
with the adjacent city of Urbana, the county- 
seat, by an electric railway. The University of 
Illinois, located in Urbana, is contiguous to the 
city. Champaign has an excellent system of 
water-works, well-paved streets, and is lighted by 
both gas and electricity. The surrounding coun- 
try is agricultural, but the city has manufac- 
tories of carriages and machines. Three papers 
are published here, besides a college weekly con- 
ducted by the students of the University. The 
Burnham Hospital and the Garwood Old Ladies' 
Home are located in Champaign. In the resi- 
dence portion of the city there is a handsome 
park, covering ten acres and containing a notable 
piece of bronze statuary, and several smaller parks 
in other sections. There are several handsome 
churches, and excellent schools, both public and 
private. Population (1890), 5,839; (1900), 9,098. 

CHAMPAIGN COUNTY, situated in the eastern 
half of the central belt of the State; area, 1,008 
square miles; population (1900), 47,622. The 
county was organized in 1833, and named for a 
county In Ohio. The physical conformation is 
flat, and the soil rich. The county lies in the 
heart of what was once called the "Grand 
Prairie." Workable seams of bituminous coal 
underlie the surface, but overlying quick.sands 
interfere with their operation. Tlie Sangamon 
and Kaskaskia Rivers have their sources in this 
region, and several railroads cross the county. 
The soil is a black muck underlaid by a yellow 
clay. Urbana (with a population of 5,708 in 
1900) is the county-seat. Other important points 
in the county are Champaign (9,000), Tolono 
(1.000), and Rantoul (1,300). Champaign and 
Urbana adjoin each other, and the grounds of the 
Illinois State University extend into each corpo- 
ration, being largely situated in Champaign. 
Large drifted masses of Niagara limestone are 
found, interspersed with coal measure limestone 
and sandstone. Alternating beds of clay, gravel 
and quicksand of the drift formation are found 
beneath the subsoil to the depth of 150 to 300 feet. 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



87 



CHAMPAIGN, HAVANA & WESTERN RAIL- 
ROAD. (See Illinoi.'! Central Hailroad.) 

CHANDLER, Charles, physician, was born at 
West Woodstock, Conn., July 2, 1800; graduated 
with the degree of M.D. at Castleton, Vt., and, 
in 1820. located in Scituate, R. I. ; in 1832, started 
with the intention of settling at Fort Clark (now 
Peoria), 111., but was stopped at Beardstown by 
the "Black Hawk War," finally locating on the 
Sangamon River, in Cass County, where, in 1848, 
he laid out the town of Chandlerville — Abraliam 
Lincoln being one of the surveyors who platted 
the town. Here he gained a large practice, 
which he was compelled, in his later years, par- 
tially to abandon in consequence of injuries 
received while prosecuting his profession, after- 
wards turning his attention to merchandising 
and encouraging the development of the locality 
in which he lived by promoting the construction 
of railroads and the building of schoolhouses and 
churches. Liberal and public-spirited, his influ- 
ence for good extended over a large region. 
Died, April 7, 1879. 

CH.VNDLER, Henry B., newspaper manager, 
was born at Frelighsburg, Quebec, July 12, 1830; 
at 18 he began teaching, and later took charge of 
the business department of "The Detroit Free 
Press"; in 1861, came to Chicago witli Wilbur F. 
Storey and became business manager of "The 
Chicago Times"; in 1870, disagreed with Storey 
and retired from newspaper business. Died, at 
Yonkers. N. Y.. Jan. 18, 1896. 

CHANDLERVILLE, a village in Cass County, 
on the Chicago, Peoria & St. Louis Railroad, 7 
miles north by east from Virginia, laid out in 
1848 by Dr. Charles Chandler, and platted by 
Abraham Lincoln. It has a bank, a creamery, 
four churches, a weekly newspaper, a flour and a 
saw-mill. Population (1890), 910; (1900), 940. 

CHAPIN, a village of Morgan County, at the 
intersection of the Wabash and the Chicago, 
Burlington & Quincy Railroads, 10 miles west of 
Jacksonville. Population (1890), 450; (1900), 514. 

CHAPPELL, Charles H., railway manager, 
was born in Du Page County, 111., March 3, 1841. 
With an ardent passion for the railroad bu.siness, 
at the age of 16 he obtained a position as freight 
brakeman on the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy 
Railroad, being steadily promoted through the 
ranks of conductor, train-master and dispatcher, 
until, in 186.5, at the age of 24, he was appointed 
General Agent of the Eastern Division of tlie 
Chicago, Burlington & Quincy. Other railroad 
positions which Mr. Chappell has since held are: 
Superintendent of a division of the Union Pacific 



(1869-70) ; Assistant or Division Superintendent 
of the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy, or some of 
its branches (1870-74) ; General Superintendent 
of tlie Missouri. Kansas & Te.xas (1874-76) ; 
Superintendent of the Western Division of the 
Wabash (1877-79). In 1880, he accepted the 
position of Assistant General Superintendent of 
the Chicago & Alton Railroad, being advanced in 
the next three years through the grades of 
General Superintendent and Assistant General 
Manager, to that of General Manager of the 
entire system, which he has continued to fill for 
over twelve years. Quietly and without show or 
<lisplay. Mr. Chappell continues in the discharge 
of his duties, assisting to make the system with 
wliich he is identified one of the most successful 
and perfect in its operation in the whole country. 

CHARLESTON, the county-seat of Coles 
County, an incorporated city and a railway junc- 
tion. 40 miles west of Terre Haute, Ind. It lies 
in the center of a farming region, yet has several 
factories, including woolen and flouring mills, 
broom, plow and carriage factories, a foundry 
and a canning factory. Tliree newspapers are 
published here, issuing daily editions. Population 
(1890), 4,135; (1900), 5,488. The Eastern State 
Normal Scliool was located here in 1895. 

CHARLESTON, NEOGA & ST. LOUIS RAIL- 
ROAD. (See Toledo, St. Louis <fc Kansas City 
Railroad.) 

CHARLEVOIX, Pierre Francois Xavier de, 
a celebrated French traveler and an early 
explorer of Illinois, born at St. Quentin, France, 
Oct. 29, 1682. He entered the Jesuit Society, 
and while a student was sent to Quebec 
(1695), where for four years he was instructor in 
the college, and completed his divinity studies. 
In 1709 he returned to France, but came again to 
Quebec a few years later. He ascended the St. 
Lawrence, .sailed through T.,akes Ontario and Erie, 
and finally reached the Mississippi by way of the 
Illinois River. After visiting Cahokia and the 
surrounding county (1720-21), he continued down 
the Jlississipiji to New Orleans, and returned to 
France by way of Santo Domingo. Besides some 
works on religious subjects, he was the author of 
histories of Ja|)an, Paraguay and San Domingo. 
His greixt work, however, was the "History of 
New France," which was not publislied until 
twenty years after his death. Ilis journal of his 
American explorations appeared about the same 
time. His history has long been cited by 
scholars as authority, but no English translation 
was made until 1865, when it was undertaken bv 
Shea. Died in France, Feb. 1, 1761. 



ss 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



CHASE, Philander, Protestant Episcopal 
Bishop, was born in Cornish, Vt., Dec 14, 1775, 
and graduated at Dartmouth in 1795. Although 
reared as a Congregationalist, he adopted the 
Episcopal faith, and was ordained a priest in 
1799, for several jears laboring as a missionary 
in Northern and Western New York. In 1805, 
he went to New Orleans, but returning North in 
1811, spent six years as a rector at New Haven, 
Conn., then engaged in missionary work in Ohio, 
organizing a number of parishes and founding an 
academy at Wortliington ; was consecrated a 
Bishop in 1819, and after a visit to England to 
raise funds, laid tlie foundation of Kenyon 
College and Gambler Theological Seminary, 
named in honor of two English noblemen who 
had contributed a large portion of the funds. 
Differences arising witli some of his clergy in 
reference to tlie proper use of the funds, he 
resigned botli the Pii^hopric and the Presidency 
of the college in 1831. and after three years of 
missionary labor in Micliigan, in 1835 was cliosen 
Bisliop of Illinois. Making a second visit to 
England, he succeeded in raising additional 
funds, and, in 1838, founded Jubilee College at 
Robin's Nest, Peoria County, 111., for which a 
charter was obtained in 1847. He was a man of 
great religious zeal, of indomitable perseverance 
and the most successful pioneer of the Episcopal 
Churcli in the West. He was Presiding Bishop 
from 1843 until liis death, which occurred Sept. 
20, 1852. Several volumes appeared from his pen, 
the most important being "A Plea for the West" 
(1826), and "Reminiscences; an Autobiography, 
Comprising a History of the Principal Events in 
tlie Author's Life" (1848). 

CHATHAM, a village of Sangamon County, on 
the Chicago & Alton Railroad, 9 miles south of 
Springfield. Population (1890), 482; (1900), 029. 

CHATSWORTH, town in Livingston County, 
on 111. Cent, and Toledo, Peoria & Western Rail- 
ways, 79 miles east of Peoria; in farming and 
stock-raising district; lias two banks, three grain 
elevators, five churches, a graded school, two 
weekly papers, water works, electric lights, paved 
streets, cement sidewalks, brick works, and other 
manufactories. Pop. (1890), 827; (1900), 1,038. 

CHEBATfSE, a town in Iroquois and Kankakee 
Counties, on the Illinois Central Railroad, 64 
miles south-southwest from Chicago; the place 
has two banks and one newspaper. Population 
(1880), 728; (1890), 616; (1900). 555. 

CHENEY, Charles Edward, Bishop of the Re- 
formed Protestant Episcopal Church, was born in 
Canandaigua, N. Y., Feb. 12, 1836; graduated at 



Hobart in 1857, and began study for the ministry 
of the Protestant Episcopal Church. Soon after 
ordination he became rector of Christ Church, 
Chicago, and was prominent among those who, 
imder the leadership of Assistant Bishop Cimi- 
mins of Kentucky, organized the Reformed Epis- 
copal Church in 1873. He was elected Missionary 
Bishop of the Northwest for the new organiza- 
tion, and was consecrated in Christ Church, 
Chicago, Dec. 14, 1873. 

CHEXET, John Yance, author and librarian, 
was born at Groveland, N. Y., Dec. 29, 1848, 
though the family home was at Dorset, Vt., 
where he grew up and received his primary edu- 
cation. He acquired his academic training at 
Manchester, Vt., and Temple Hill Academy, 
Genesee, N. Y., graduating from the latter in 
1865, later becoming Assistant Principal of the 
same institution. Having studied law, he was 
admitted to the bar successively in Massachusetts 
and New York; but meanwhile having written 
considerably for tlie old "Scribner's Monthly" 
(now "Century Magazine"), while under the 
editorship of Dr. J. G. Holland, he gradually 
adopted literature as a profession. Removing to 
the Pacific Coast, he took charge, in 1887, of the 
Free Public Library at San Francisco, remaining 
until 1894, when he accepted the position of 
Librarian of the Newberry Library in Chicago, 
as successor to Dr. William F. Poole, deceased. 
Besides two or three volumes of verse, Mr. Cheney 
is the author of numerous essajs on literary 
subjects. His published works include "Thistle- 
Drift," poems (1887); "Wood-Blooms," poems 
(1888), "Golden Guess," essays (1892); "That 
Dome in Air," essays (1895); "Queen Helen," 
poem (1895) and "Out of the Silence," poem 
(1897). He is also editor of "Wood Notes Wild, " 
by Simeon Pease Cheney (1892), and Caxton Club's 
edition of Derby's Phojnixiana. 

CHENOA, an incorporated city of McLean 
County, at the intersecting point of the Toledo, 
Peoria & Western and the Chicago & Alton Rail- 
roads, 48 miles east of Peoria, 23 miles northeast 
of Bloomington, and 102 miles south of Chicago. 
Agriculture, dairy farming, fruit-growing and 
coal-mining are the chief industries of the sur- 
rounding region. Tlie city also has an electric 
light plant, water-works, canning works and tile 
works, besides two banks, seven churches, a 
graded school, two weekly papers, and telephone 
systems connecting with the surrounding coun- 
try. Population (1890), 1,220; (1900), 1,512. 

CHESBROUGH, Ellis Sylvester, civil engineer, 
was born in Baltimore, Md., July 6, 1813; at the 




CHICAGO THUUOUGHFAHES. 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



89 



age of thirteen was chainman to an engineering 
party on the Baltimore & Oliio Raih-oad, being 
later employed on other roads. In 1837, he was 
appointed senior assistant engineer in the con- 
struction of the Louisville, Cincinnati & Charles- 
ton R;iilroad, and, in 184G, Cliief Engineer of the 
Boston Waterworks, in 1850 becoming sole Com- 
missioner of tlie AVater Department of that city. 
In IB.").), he became engineer of the Chicago Board 
of Sewerage Commissioners, and in that capacity 
designed the sewerage system of the city — also 
planning the river tunnels. He resigned the 
iflBce of Commi.ssioner of Public Works of 
Chicago in 1879. He was regarded as an author- 
ity on water-supply and sewerage, and was con- 
sulted by the officials of New York, Boston, 
Toronto, Milwaukee and other cities. Died, 
August 19. 188G. 

CHESNUT, John A., lawyer, was bom in Ken- 
tucky, Jan. 19, 1816, his father being a native of 
South Carolina, but of Irish descent. John A. 
was educated principally in his native State, but 
came to Illinois in 1836, read law with P. H. 
Winchester at Carlinville, was admitted to the 
bar in 1837, and practiced at Carlinville until 
1855, when lie removed to Springfield and engaged 
in real estate and banking business. Mr. Ches- 
nut was associated with many local business 
enterprises, was for several years one of the 
Trustees of tlie Institution for the Deaf and 
Dumb at .lacksonville, also a Trustee of the 
Illinois Female College (Metliodist) at the same 
place, and was Supervisor of the United States 
Census for the Sixth District of Illinois in 1880. 
Died, Jan 14, 1898. 

CHESTER, tlie countj^-seat of Randolph 
County, situated on the Mississippi River, 76 
miles south of St. Louis. It is the seat of the 
Southern Illinois Penitentiary and of the State 
Asylum for Insane Convicts It stands in tlie 
heart of a region abounding in bituminous coal, 
and is a prominent shipping point for this com- 
modity : also has ([uarries of building stone. It 
has a grain elevator, (louring mills, rolling mills 
and foundries. Population (1880), 2,580; (1890), 
2,708; (1900). 2,832. 

CHETLAIN, Augustus Louis, soldier, was born 
in St. Louis, Mo., Dec. 26, 1824, of French Hugue- 
not stock — his parents having emigrated from 
Switzerland in 1823, at first becoming members 
of the Selkirk colony on Red River, in Manitoba. 
Having received a common school education, he 
became a merchant at Galena, and was the first 
to volunteer there in response to the call for 
troops after the bombardment of Fort Sumter, in 



1861, being chosen to the captaincy of a company 
in the Twelfth Regiment of Illinois Volunteers, 
whicli General Grant had declined; participated 
in tlie campaign on tlie Tennessee River which 
resulted in the capture of Fort Donelson and the 
battle of Sliiloli, meanwhile being commissioned 
Lieutenant-Colonel; also distinguished liimself at 
Corinth, where he remained in command until 
May, 1863, and organized the first colored regi- 
ment raised in the West. In December, 1863, he 
was promoted Brigadier-General and placed in 
charge of the organization of colored troops in 
Teniie.s.see, serving later in Kentucky and being 
brevetted Major-General in January, 1864. From 
January to October, 181!.'), he commanded the 
post at Mempliis, and later the District of Talla- 
dega, Ala., until January, 1866, when he was 
mustered out of the service. General Chetlain 
was As.sessor of Internal Revenue for the District 
of Utah (1867-69), then appointed United States 
Consul at Brussels, serving until 1872, on his 
return to the United States establishing himself 
as a banker and broker in Cliicago. 

CHICAGO, the county-.seat of Cook County, 
chief city of Illinois and (1890) second city in 
population in the United States. 

Situation.— The city is situated at the south- 
west bend of Lake Michigan, 18 miles north of 
the extreme southern point of the lake, at the 
mouth of the Chicago River; 715 miles west of 
New York, 590 miles north of west from Wash- 
ington, and 260 miles northeast of St. Louis. 
From the Pacific Coast it is distant 2,417 miles. 
Latitude 41^ 52' north; longitude 87' 35' west of 
Greenwich. Area (1898), 186 square miles. 

Topography. — Chicago stands on the dividing 
ridge between the Mississippi and St. Lawreice 
basins. It is 502 feet above sea-level, ami its 
highest point is some 18 feet above Lake Miclii- 
gan. The Chicago River is virtually a bayou, 
dividing into north and south branches about a 
half-mile west of the lake. The surrounding 
country is a low, flat prairie, but engineering 
science and skill have done much for it in the 
way of drainage. The Illinois & Michigan Canal 
terminates at a point on the south branch of 
the Chicago River, within the city limits, and 
unites the waters of Lake Michigan with those 
of the Illinois River. 

Commerce.— The Chicago River, with its 
branches, affords a water frontage of nearly 60 
miles, the greater part of which is utilized ft)r 
the shipment and unloading of grain, lumber, 
stone, coal, merchandise, etc. Anrther navigable 
stream (the Calumet River) also lies within the 



90 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



corporate limits. Dredging has made the Chi- 
cago River, with its branches, navigable for 
vessels of deep draft. The harbor has also been 
widened and deepened. Well constructed break- 
waters protect the vessels l}"ing inside, and the 
port is as safe as any on the great lakes. The 
city is a port of entry, and the tonnage of vessels 
arriving there exceeds that of any other port in 
the United States. During 1897, 9,156 vessels 
arrived, with an aggregate tonnage of 7,209,442, 
while 9,301 cleared, representing a tonnage of 
7,18.5,324. It is the largest grain market in the 
world, its elevators (in 1897) having a capacity 
of 32,5.10,000 bushels. 

According to the reports of the Board of Trade, 
the total receipts and shipments of grain for 
the year 1898 — counting flour as its grain equiva- 
lent in bushels — amounted to 323,097,453 bushels 
of the former, to 289,930,028 bushels of the latter. 
The receipts and shipments of various products 
for the year (1898) were as follows: 



Flour (bbls.) . 

Wheat (bu.) . . 

Corn "... 

Oats "... 

Eye "... 

Barley " . . . 

Cured Meats (lbs.) 

Dressed Beef " . 

Live-stock — Hogs 
' ' Cattle 

" Sheep 



Receipts. 

5,316,195 

35, 741,. 5.55 

127,426,-374 

110,293,647 

4, 935, .308 

18, 116,. 594 

229,005.246 

110,286,653 

9.360,968 

3,480,633 

3,503,378 



Shipments. 

5,032,236 

38,094,900 

130.397,681 

85.057,636 

4,453,384 

6,755,247 

923,627,733 

1,060,8.59,808 

1,334,768 

864,408 

545,001 



Chicago is also an important lumber market, 
the receipts in 1895, including shingles, being 
1,. 563, 537 M. feet. As a center for beef and pork- 
packing, the city is without a rival in the amount 
of its products, there having been 92,459 cattle 
and 760,514 hogs packed in 1894-95. In bank 
clearings and general mercantile business it 
ranks second only to New York, while it is also 
one of the chief manufacturing centers of the 
country. The census of 1890 shows 9,959 manu- 
facturing establishments, with a capital of $293,- 
477,038; employing 203,108 hands, and turning 
out products valued at 8632,184.140. Of the out- 
put by far the largest was that of the slaughter- 
ing and meat-packing establishments, amounting 
to $203,825,093; men's clothing came next ($33,- 
517,336) ; iron and steel, .531,419,854; foundry and 
machine shop products, $29,928,616; planed 
lumber, $17,604,494. Chicago is also the most 
important live-stock market in the United States. 
The Union Stock Yards (in the southwest part of 
the city) are connected with all railroad lines 
entering the city, and cover many hundreds of 



acres. In 1894, there were received 8,788.049 
animals (of all descriptions), valued at $148,057,- 
626. Chicago is also a primary market for hides 
and leather, the production and sales being both 
of large proportions, and the trade in manufac- 
tured leatlier (notably in boots and shoes) 
exceeds that of any other market in the country. 
Ship-building is a leading industry, as are also 
brick-making, distilling and brewing. 

Transportation, etc.— Besides being the chief 
port on the great lakes, Chicago ranks second to 
no other American city as a railway center. The 
old "Galena & Chicago Union," its first railroad, 
was operated in 1849, and within three j'ears a 
substantial advance had been scored in the way 
of steam tx'ansportation. Since then the multi- 
plication of railroad lines focusing in or passing 
through Chicago has been rapid and steady. In 
1895 not less than thirty -eight distinct lines enter 
the city, although these are operated by only 
twenty-two companies. Some 2,600 miles of 
railroad track are laid within the city limits. 
The number of trains daily arriving and depart- 
ing (suburban and freight included) is about 
2,000. Intramural transportation is afforded by 
electric, steam, cable and horse-car lines. Four 
tunnels under the Chicago River and its branches, 
and numerous bridges connect the various divi- 
sions of the city. 

History. — Point du Sable (a native of San 
Domingo) was admittedly the first resident of 
Chicago other than the aborigines. The French 
missionaries and explorers — Marquette, Joliet, 
La Salle, Hennepin and others — came a century 
earlier, their explorations beginning in 1673. 
After the expulsion of the French at the close of 
the French and Indian War, the territory passed 
under British control, though French traders 
remained in this vicinity after the War of the 
Revolution. One of these named Le Mai followed 
Point du Sable about 1796, and was himself suc- 
ceeded by John Kinzie, the Indian trader, who 
came in 1803. Fort Dearborn was built near the 
mouth of the Chicago River in 1804 on land 
acquired from the Indians by the treaty of 
Greenville, concluded by Gen. Anthony Wayne 
in 1795, but was evacuated in 1812, when most of 
the garrison and the few inhabitants were massa- 
cred by the savages. (See Fort Dearborn.) The 
fort was rebuilt in 1816, and another settlement 
established around it. The first Government 
survey was made, 1829-30. Early residents were 
the Kinzies, the Wolcotts, the Beaubiens and the 
Millers. The Black Hawk War (1833) rather 
aided in developing the resources and increasing 



CO 
p 



y. . 



'■■n 



o 
o 








o 
o 



fa o 

z 



g 



fa o 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



91 



the population of the infant settlement l>y draw- 
ing to it settlers from the interior for purposes of 
mutual protection. Town organization was 
effected on August 10, 1832, the total number of 
votes polled being 28. The town grew rapidly 
for a time, but received a set-back in the financial 
crisis of 18^7. During May of that year, how- 



ever, a charter was obtained and Chicago became 
a city. The total number of votes cast at that 
time was 70*!. The census of the city for the 1st 
of July of that year showed a population of 4,180. 
The following table shows the names and term 
of office of the chief city officers from 1837 to 
1899: 



Ybab. 



1837 
1838 
1839 
1S40 
18-11 
1S42 
lH4:i 

1H45 
IMfi 
1M7 
1848 
1849 
1850 
1851 
1852 
1 853 
18.>4 
1855 
1856 
1857 
1858 
1859 
1860 
1861 
1862 
1863 
1864 
1865 
1866 
1867 
1868 
1869 
1870 
1871 
187-2 
1873 
1874 
1875 
1876 

1877-78 
1879 80 
1S81-82 
1883-84 
1885 86 
1887-88 
1889-90 
1891 92 
1893 94 

1895-96 

l»y7-98 
1899 — 



Wm. B. Ogden.. 

Buckner 8. Morris 

BenJ. W. Haymond 

Alexander Lloyd 

P. C. Sherman 

IliMi] W. Raymond 

Aiit^iistiis i.)arrett 

Alii: Unrr<'U.Al9on S.yhermani4) 
A HUM liirret t , A l9on S.Shermain 4) 

.loliii P Cliapiu 

J unit's Curl 199 

.Iiiinea H. Woodworth 

James H. Woodworth 

James Oiirtias 

Walters- Ournee 

Walters, (iurnee 

Charles M. (Jray 

Ira L Millikeii 

Levi D. Boone 

Thomas Dyer 

John Went worth 

John C. Haines 

JohnC. Haines 

John Went worth 

Julian S. Rumsey 

F. C. Sherman 

F, G. Sherman 

F.C.Sherman 

John B. Rice 

JohnB. Rlee 

John B. Rice 

Joh n B. Hice 

John B. Rice (8) 

R. B. Mason 

R. B. Mason 

Jo.cph Me<lill 

J< .seph Medlll 

Harvey D. Colvin 

Harvey D. Colvin 

Monroe Heath. (9i H. D. Colvin, 

Thomas Hoyne 

MoTiroe Heath 

Carter H. Harrison 

Carter H. Harrison 

Carter H. Harrison 

Carter H Harrison 

Jolui A. Roche 

Dewitt C CreKier 

Hempstead Wa-shhurne 

Carter H. Harrison. Geo. It. 
I Swlft.flli John P. Uopkina.dl I 

Geo. B. swiri 

Carter H. Harrison. Jr 

Carter H. Harrison, Jr 



City Clerk. 



C^TY ATTORNKY, 



I. N. Arnold, Oeo. Davis <I) 

Qeo. Davis 

Wm. H. Brackett 

Thomas Hoyne 

Thomas Hoyne 

J. Curtis 

James M. Lowe 

E. A. Rucker 

E. A. Rucker.Wm S.Brown{5) 

Henry B. Clarke 

Henry B. Clarke 

Sidney Aheil 

Sidney Abell 

Sidney Abell 

Henry W. Zimmerman 

Henry W. Zimniernian 

Henry W'. /imiufrman 

Henry W. /inimerman 

Henry W.Zimmerman 

Henry W. Zimmerman 

H. Kreisman 

H. Kreisman 

H. Kreisman 

Abraham Kohn 

A. J. Marble 

A. J. Marlile 

H.W.Zimmerman 

H. W. Zimmerman 

Albert H. Bodman 

Albert H. Bodman 

Albert H. Bodman 

Albert H. Bodman 

Albert H. Bodman. 

Charles 'V Hotchkiss 

Charles T. Hotchkiss 

Charles T. Hotchkiss 

Charles T. Hotchkiss 

Jos. K. C. Forrest 

Jos. K. C. Forrest 

Caspar Butz. 

Caspar But/, 

P.J. Howard 

P.J.Howard 

Jolin O. Neumeister 

C- Herman Plautz 

D. W. Nlckersou 

Franz Amberg 

James R. B. Van Cleave 

Chas. D.Gastfield 

James It. H. Van Cleave 

William Loeffler 

William Loeffler 



IN. B. Judd 

!N. B. Judd 

Samuel L. Smith 

Mark Skinner 

Geo. Manierre 

Henry Brown 

O. Manierre. Henry Brownt3) 

Henry W. Clarke 

Henry W. Clarke 

Charles H. Larrabee 

Patrick Ballingall 

Giles Spring 

O. R. \V. Lull 

Henry H. Clark 

Henry H. Clark 

Arno Voss 

Arno Voss 

Patrick BalltngaU 

J. A. Thompson 

J. L Marsh 

John C. Miller 

Elliott Anthony 

Geo. F. Crocker 

John Lyle King 

Ira W. Buel 

Geo. A. Meech 

Francis Adams 

Francis Adams 

Daniel D. DriscoU 

Daniel D. Driscoll 

Hashrouck Davis 

Hasbrouck Davis 

Hashrouck Iiavis 

Israel N. Stiles 

Israel N. Stiles 

Israel N. Stiles 

Israel N. Stiles 

Egbert Janiieson 

Egbert Jamieson 



City Treashrkr. 



Hiram Pearsons. 

Hiram Pearsons. 

Oeo. W. Dole. 

W,S. Gurnee.N. H. Boll6Sf2) 

N. H. BoIIes. 

F. C. Sherman. 

Walters. Gnrnee. 

Walters. Ournee. 

Wm. L. Church. 

Wm. L. Church. 

Andrew Oetzler. 

Wm. L. Churcl!. 

Wm, L. Church. 

Edwanl Mtinit-rre. 

Edward Manierre. 

Edward Manierre. 

Edward Manierre. 

Uriah P. Harris. 

Wm. P De Wolf. 

O. J. Rose. 

C. N. Holden. 

Alonzo Harvey. 

Alonzo Harvey. 

Alonzo Harvey, C.W.Hunti.6) 

W. H. Rice. 

F. H. Cutting, W. H. Rice(7) 

David A. Gage. 

David A. Gage. 

A. G. Throop. 

A. G. Throop. 

Wm. F. Wentworth. 

Wm, F. Wentworth. 

Wm. F. Wentworth. 

David A. Gage. 

David A. Gage. 

David A. Oage. 

David A. Gage. 

Daniel O'Uara. 

Daniel O'Hara. 



Clinton Brlggs. 
Chas. B. Ijarrabee. 
W. C. Seipp. 



R.S. Tuthitl 

R.S. Tuthlll 

Julius s. Orinnell 

Julius a Grinnell Rudolph Brand. 

Julius S. Orinnell John M. Dnnphy. 

Hempstead Washhurne ! Wm. M. Devine. 

Hempstead Washlmrne IC. Herman Plautz. 

Geo. F. Sugg Bernard Roesing. 

Jacob J. Kern.G.A.TrudetlO) l*^ter Kiolbassa. 

Geo. A. Trude Michael J. Bransfield. 

Roy O. West I Adam Wolf. 

Miles J. Devine JErnsl Hummel. 

Andrew J. Ryan jVdaoi Ortaeifen. 



I 



<1) 
(2) 
(3) 
<4) 
<5. 
(6) 
(7) 
(8) 

(») 



GO) 

.11) 



I. N. Arnold resigned, and Oeo. Davis appointed, October. 1837. 

Gurnee reslgTied. Bolles appointed his successor. April. 1840. 

Manierre resigned. Ilrown appointed his successor, July. 1843. 

Election uf (iarrett dHolan-d illegal, and Sherniati elected at new election, held April, 1844. 

Brown appoini>'d to till vacancy caused by resienatlon of Rucker. 

Harvey resigned and Hunt appointed to till vacancy. 

Cutting havin< failed to qualify. Rice, who was already In ofllce. held over. 

Legislature changed dateof election from April to November, the persons in olDce at beginning of 1869 remaining luofflce 
to Decenilier nf that year. 

City organi/.f'i under general Incorporation Act in 1S75, and no city election held until April. 1876. The order for a new 
election niniited the offlce of Mayor, yet a popular vote was taken which gave a majority to Thomas Hoyne. The Council 
then in oflice refuted to cariva.sH this vote, but its .successor, at Its first meeting, did so. declaring Hoyne duly elected. 
Colvin, the Incumbent, refused to surrender the o(h<'e, claiming the right to " hold over;" Hoyne ttien madeacontest 
for the olHce, which reaulteij In a decision by the Supreme Court denying the claims of both contestants when a new 
election was ordered by the City Council. July 12. 1876, at wnlch Monroe Heath wjls elected, serving out the term. 

City Attorney Kern, having resigaei Novemtwr 21, 1892, Oeo. A. Trude was appointed to serve out the remainder of the 
term 

Mayor Harrison, h'^vlng been assassinated. O''tob«r 2^. 18M. th^ City Council at its next meeting (November 6. 1893) 
ele''tel<*-» I. B Hwfi nn Vldwrm ui fro n 'he Rlev^ith W ird • M-^vo- a ( i«/«rifn At a special election held December 19, 
1893. John P. Hoplclns was elected to fill out the une-ipired term of .Mayor UjkrrlBo.i. 



92 



HISTOEICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



The Fire of 1871.— The city steadily grew in 
beauty, poi)ulation and commercial importance 
until 1871. On Oct. 9 of that year occurred the 
"great fire" the story of which has passed into 
history. Recuperation was speedy, and the 2,100 
acres burned over were rapidly being rebuilt, 
when, in 1874, occurred a second conflagration, 
although by no means so disastrous as that of 
1871. The city's recuperative power was again 
demonstrated, and its subsequent development 
has been phenomenal. The subjoined statement 
shows its growth in population : 



1837 


4,179 


1840 


4,470 


18.50 


28.269 


1860 


. 112,162 


1870 


. 298,977 


1880 


. 503,185 


1890 


. 1,099,850 


1900 


. 1,698,575 



Notwithstanding a large foreign population and 
a constant army of unemployed men, Chicago 
has witnessed only three disturbances of the 
peace by mobs — the railroad riots of 1877, the 
Anarchist disturbance of 1886, and a strike of 
railroad employes in 1894. 

Municipal Administration. — Chicago long 
since outgrew its special charter, and is now 
incorporated under the broader provisions of the 
law applicable to "cities of the first class," under 
which the city is virtually autonomous. The 
personnel, drill and equipment of the police and 
fire departments are second to none, if noi supe- 
rior to any, to be found in other American cities. 
The Chicago River, with its branches, divides the 
city into three principal divisions, known respec- 
tively as North, South and West. Each division 
has its statutory geographical boundaries, and 
each retains its own distinct townshij) organiza- 
tion. This system is anomalous; it has, how- 
ever, both assailants and defenders. 

Public Improvements.— Chicago has a fine 
system of parks and boulevards, well developed, 
well improved and well managed. One of the 
parks (Jackson in the South Division) was the 
site of the World's Columbian Exposition. The 
water supply is obtained from Lake Slichigan by 
means of cribs and tunnels. In this direction 
new and better faciUties are being constantly 
introduced, and the existing water system will 
compare favorably with that of any other Ameri- 
can city. 

Architecture. — The public and office build- 
ings, as well as the business blocks, are in some 
instances classical, but generally severely plain. 



Granite and other varieties of stone are used in 
the City Hall, Coimty Court House, the Board of 
Trade structure, and in a few commercial build- 
ings, as well as in many private residences. In 
tlie business part of the citj', however, steel, 
iron, brick and fire clay are the materials most 
largely employed in construction, the exterior 
walls being of brick. The most approved 
methods of fire-proof building are followed, and 
the "Chicago construction" has been recognized 
and adopted (with modifications) all over the 
United .States. Office buildings range from ten 
to sixteen, and even, as in the case of the Masonic 
Temple, twenty stories in height. Most of them 
are sumptuous as to the interior, and many of the 
largest will each accommodate 3,000 to 5,000 
occupants, including tenants and their employes. 
In the residence sections wide diversity may be 
seen ; the chaste and the ornate stj'les being about 
equally popular. Among the handsome public, 
or semi-public buildings may be mentioned the 
Public Library, the Newberry Library, the Art 
Institute, the Armour Institute, the Academy of 
Sciences, the Auditorium, the Board of Trade 
Building, the Masonic Temple, and several of the 
railroad depots. 

Education and Libraries. — Chicago has a 
public school system unsurpassed for excellence 
in any other city in the country. According to 
the report of the Board of Education for 1898, the 
city had a total of 221 primary and grammar 
schools, besides fourteen high schools, employing 
5,268 teachers and giving instruction to over 
236,000 pupils in the course of the j'ear. The 
total expenditures during the year amounted to 
S6,785,601, of which nearly §4,500,000 was on 
account of teachers' salaries. The city has 
nearly S7, 500, 000 invested in school buildings. 
Besides pupils attending public schools there are 
about 100,000 in attendance on private and 
parochial schools, not reckoning students at 
higher institutions of learning, such as medical, 
law, theological, dental and pharmaceutical 
schools, and the great University of Chicago. 
Near the city are also the Northwestern and the 
Lake Forest Universities, the former at Evanston 
and the latter at Lake Forest. Besides an exten- 
sive Free Public Library for circulating and refer- 
ence purposes, maintained by public taxation, 
and embracing (in 1898) a total of over 235,000 
volumes and nearly 50,000 pamphlets, there 
are the Library of the Chicago Historical Society 
and the Newberry and Crerar Libraries — the last 
two the outgrowth of posthumous donations by 
public-spirited and liberal citizens — all open to 




PAY ArTKK cniCACO FIKK 




CHICAGO •i'ii(u;i)r(;ni-Ai;i:s. 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



93 



the public for purposes of reference under certain 
conditions. This list does not include the exten- 
sive library of tlie University of Chicago and those 
connecteil with the Armour Institute and the 
public schools, intended for the use of the pupils 
of these various institutions 

CHICAGO BOARD OF TRADE, one of the 
leading eonmiercial exchanges of the world. It 
was originally organized in the spring of 1843 as 
a voluntary association, with a membership of 
eighty-two. Its primai-y object was the promo- 
tion of the city's commercial interests by unity 
of action. On Feb. 8, 1849, the Legislature 
enacted a general law authorizing the establish- 
ment of Boards of Trade, and under its provisions 
an incorporation was effected — a second organi- 
zation being effected in April, 1850. For several 
years the association languished, and at times its 
existence seemed precarious. It was, however, 
largel3' in.strumental in securing the introduction 
of the system of measuring grain by weight, 
which initial step opened the way for subsequent 
great improvements in the methods of handling, 
storing, inspecting and grading cereals and seeds. 
By the close of 1856, the association liad overcome 
the difficulties incident to its earlier years, and 
the feasibility of erecting a permanent Exchange 
building began to be agitated, but the project lay 
dormant for several years. In 1856 was adopted 
the first system of classification and grading of 
wheat, whicli, though crude, formed the founda- 
tion of the elaborate modern system, which has 
proved of such benefit to the grain-growing 
States of the West, and has done so much to give 
Chicago its commanding influence in the grain 
markets of the world. In 1858, the privilege of 
trading on the floor of the Exchange was limited 
to members. The same j'ear the Board began 
to receive and send out daily telegraphic market 
reports at a cost, for the first year, of S500,0()((, 
which was defrayed by private subscriptions. 
New York was the only city with which sucli 
communication was tlien maintained. In Febru- 
ary, 1859, a special charter was obtained, confer- 
ring more extensive powers upon the organization, 
and correspondingly increasing its efficiency. An 
important era in the Board's history was the 
Civil War of 1801-65. During tliis struggle its 
attitude wasone of undeviating loyalty and gener- 
ous patriotism. Hundreds of thous;inds of dollars 
were contributed, bj- individual members and 
from the treasury of the organization, for the work 
of recruiting and equipping regiments, in caring 
for the wounded on Sf)uthern battlefields, and 
"roviding for the families of enlisted men. In 



1864, the Board waged to a successful issue a war 
U])on the irredeemable currency witli which the 
entire West was tlien flooded, and secured such 
action by the banks and by the railroad and 
express companies as compelled its replacement 
by United States legal-tender notes and national 
bank notes. In 18G.5, handsome, large (and, as 
then supposed, iiermanent) quarters were occu- 
pied in a new building erected by the Chicago 
Chamber of Commerce under an agreement with 
the Board of Trade. This structure was destroyed 
in the fire of October, 1871, but at once rebuilt, 
and made ready for re-occupancy in precisely 
one year after the destruction of its predecessor. 
Spacious and ample as these quarters were then 
considered, the growing membership and increa.s- 
ing business demonstrated their inadequacy 
before the close of 1877. .Steps looking to the 
erection of a new building were taken in 1881, 
and. on Maj- 1, 1885, the new edifice— then the 
largest and most ornate of its class in the world 
— was opened for occupancy. The membership 
of the Board for the year 1898 aggregated con- 
siderably in excess of 1,800. The influence of the 
association is felt in every quarter of the com- 
mercial world. 

CHICAGO, BURLINGTON & NORTHERN 
RAILROAD. (Sec Chicago, Burlington & 
Quincij Railrodd.) 

CHICAGO, BURLINGTON & QUINCY RAIL- 
ROAD (known as the "Burlington Route") is 
tlie parent organization of an extensive system 
which operates railroads in eleven Western and 
Northwestern States, furnishing connections 
from Chicago with Omaha, Denver, ,St. Paul and 
Minneapolis, St. Louis and Kansas City, Chey- 
enne (Wyo.), Billings (Mont. ), Deadwood (So. 
Dak,), and intermediate points, and having con- 
nections by affiliated roads with the Pacific Coast. 
The main line extends from Chicago to Denver 
(Colo.), 1,025.41 miles. The mileage of the 
various branches and leased proprietary lines 
(1898) aggregates 4,027.06 miles. The Company 
uses 207.23 miles in conjunction with other 
roads, besides subsidiary standard-gauge lines 
controlled through the ownership of securities 
amounting to 1,440 miles more. In addition to 
these the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy controls 
179 miles of narrow-gauge road. The whole 
number of miles of standard-gauge road operated 
bj' the Burlington system, and known as the 
Burlington Route, on June 30, 1899, is estimated 
at 7,419, of which 1, ,509 is in IlUnois, all but 47 
miles being owned by the Company. The system 
in Illinois connects many important commercial 



94 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



points, including Chicago, Aurora, Galesburg, 
Quinoy, Peoria, Streator, Sterling, Mendota, Ful- 
ton, Lewistown, Rushville, Geneva, Keithsburg, 
Rock Island, Beardstown, Alton, etc. The entire 
capitalization of the line (including stock, bonds 
and floating debt) amounted, in 1898, to §234,884,- 
600, which was equivalent to about .$33,000 per 
mile. The total earnings of the road in Illinois, 
during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1898, 
amounted to $8,724,997, and the total disburse- 
ments of the Company within the State, during 
the same period, to §7,469,4136. Taxes paid in 
1898, 8377,968.— (History). The first section of 
the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy Railroad was 
constructed under a charter granted, in 1849, to 
the Aurora Branch Railroad Company, the name 
being changed in 18.52 to the Chicago & Aurora 
Railroad Company. The line was completed in 
1853, from the junction with the old Galena & 
Chicago Union Railroad, 30 miles west of Chi- 
cago, to Aurora, later being extended to Mendota. 
In 1855 the name of the Company was changed 
by act of the Legislature to the Chicago, Burling- 
ton & Quincy. The section between Mendota and 
Galesburg (80 miles) was built under a charter 
granted in 1851 to the Central Military Tract 
Railroad Company, and completed in 1854. July 
9, 1856, the two companies were consolidated 
under the name of the former. Previous to this 
consolidation the Company had extended aid to 
the Peoria & Oquawka Railroad (from Peoria to 
the Mississippi River, nearly opposite Burlington, 
Iowa), and to tlie Northern Cross Railroad from 
Quincy to Galesburg, both of which were com- 
pleted in 1855 and operated by the Chicago, Bur- 
lington & Quincy. In 1857 the name of the 
Northern Cross was changed to the Quincy & 
Chicago Railroad. In 1860 the latter was sold 
under foreclosure to the Chicago, Burlington & 
Quincy, and, in 1863, the Peoria & Oquawka was 
acquired in the same way — the former constitut- 
ing the Quincy branch of the main line and the 
latter giving it its Burlington connection. Up 
to 1863, the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy used 
the track of the Galena & Chicago Union Rail- 
road to enter the city of Chicago, but that year 
began the construction of its line from Aurora to 
Chicago, which was completed in 1864. In 1873 
it acquired control, by perpetual lease, of the 
Burlington & Missouri River Road in lovra, 
and, in 1880, extended this line into Nebraska, 
now reaching Billings, Mont., with a lateral 
branch to Deadwood, So. Dak. Other branches 
in Illinois, bviilt or acquired by this corporation, 
include the Peoria & Hannibal ; Carthage & Bur- 



lington ; Quincy & Warsaw ; Ottawa, Chicago & 
Fox River Valley; Quincy, Alton & St. Louis, 
and the St. Louis, Rock Island & Chicago. The 
Chicago, Burlington & Northern — known as the 
Northern Division of the Chicago, Burlington & 
Quincy — is an important part of the sy.stem, 
furnishing a connection between St. Louis on 
the south and St. Paul and Minneapolis on the 
north, of which more than half of the distance of 
583 miles between terminal points, is in Illinois. 
The latter division was originally chartered, Oct. 
21, 1885, and constructed from Oregon, 111., to St. 
Paul, Minn. (319 miles), and from Fulton to 
Savanna, 111. (16.72 miles), and opened, Nov. 1, 
1886. It was formally incorporated into the 
Chicago, Burlington & Quincy line in 1899. In 
June of the same year the Chicago, Burlington & 
Quincy also acquired by purchase the Keokuk & 
Western Railroad from Keokuk to Van Wert, 
Iowa (143 miles), and the Des Moines & Kansas 
City Railway, from Des Moines, Iowa, to Gaines- 
ville, Mo. (112 miles). 

CHICAGO, DANVILLE & VINCENNES RAIL- 
ROAD. (.See Chicago & Eastern Illinois Hail- 
road. ) 

CHICAGO DRAINAGE CANAL, a channel or 
waterway, in course of construction (1893-99) 
from the Chicago River, within the limits of the 
city of Chicago, to Joliet Lake, in the Des Plaines 
River, about 13 miles above the junction of the 
Des Plaines with the Illinois. The primary object 
of the channel is the removal of the sewage of 
the city of Chicago and the proper drainage of 
the region comprised within what is called the 
"Sanitary District of Chicago." The feasibility 
of connecting the waters of Lake Michigan by 
way of the Des Plaines River with those of the 
Illinois, attracted the attention of the earliest 
French explorers of this region, and was com- 
mented upon, from time to time, by them and 
their successors. As early as 1808 the subject of 
a canal uniting Lake Michigan with the Illinois 
was discussed in a report on roads and canals by 
Albert Gallatin, then Secretary of the Treasury, 
and the project was touched upon in a bill relat- 
ing to the Erie Canal and other enterprises, intro- 
duced in Congress in 1811. The measure continued 
to receive attention in the press, in Western 
Territorial Legislatures and in official reports, 
one of the latter being a report by John C. Cal- 
houn, as Secretary of War, in 1819, in which it is 
spoken of as "valuable for military purposes." 
In 1832 Congress passed an act gi-anting the 
right of way to the State through the public 
lands for such an enterprise, which was followed, 



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C0:\J1'ARATIVE SIZE OF NOTED CANALS. 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



95 



five J-ears later, by a grant of lamls for tlie pur- 
pose of its construction. The work was begun in 
1836, and so far completed in 1848 as to admit of 
the passage of boats from the Chicago basin to La 
Salle. (See Illhiois A Michigan Canal.) Under 
an act passed by the Legislature in 1865, the work 
of deepening the canal was undertaken by the 
city of Chicago with a view to furnishing means 
to relieve the citj' of its sewage, the work being 
completed some time before the fire of 1871, This 
scheme having failed to accomplish the object 
designed, other measures began to be considered. 
Various remedies were proposed, but in all the 
authorities were confronted with the difficulty 
of providing a fund, under the provisions of the 
Constitution of 1870, to meet the necessary cost 
of construction. In the closing months of the 
year 1885, Hon. H. B. Hurd, who had been a 
member of a Board of "Drainage Commission- 
ers," organized in 1855, was induced to give 
attention to the subject. Having satisfied him- 
self and others that the difficulties were not 
insurmountable with proper action by the Legis- 
lature, the City Coimcil, on Jan. 27, 1886, passed 
a resolution authorizing tlie JIayor to appoint a 
Commission, to consist of "one expert engineer of 
reputation and experience in engineering and 
sanitary matters," and two consulting engineers, 
to constitute a "drainage and water-supply com- 
mission" for the purpose of investigating and 
reporting upon the matter of water-supply and 
disposition of the sewage of the city. As a 
resxilt of this action, Rudolph Bering, of Philadel- 
phia, was appointed expert engineer by Mayor 
Harrison, with Benezette Williams and S. G. 
Artingstall, of Chicago, as consulting engineers. 
At the succeeding session of the General Assem- 
bly (1887), two bills — one known as the "Hurd 
bill" and the other as the "Winston bill," but 
both drawn by Mr. Hurd, the first contemplating 
doing the work by general taxation and the issue 
of bonds, and the other by special assessment — 
were introduced in that bodj'. As it was found 
that neither of these bills could be passed at that 
session, a new and shorter one, which became 
known as the "Roche-Winston bill," was intro- 
duced and pas.sed near the close of the .session. 
A resolution was also adopted creating a com- 
mission, consisting of two Senators, two Repre- 
sentatives and Mayor Roche of Chicago, to further 
investigate the subject. The later act, just 
referred to, provided for the construction of a cut- 
off from the Des Plaines River, wldch would 
divert the flood-waters of that stream and the 
North Branch into Lake Michigan north of the 



city. Nothing was done under this act, however. 
At the next session (18811) the commission made a 
favorable report, and a new law was enacted 
embracing the main features of the Hurd bill, 
though changing the title of the organization to 
be formed from the "Metropolitan Town," as 
proposed by Mr. Hurd, to the "Sanitary Dis- 
trict." The act, as passed, provided for the 
election of a Board of nine Trustees, their powers 
being confined to "providing for the drainage of 
the district," both as to surplus water and sew- 
age. Much opposition to the measure had been 
developed during the pendency of the legislation 
on the subject, e.specially in the Illinois valley, 
on sanitary grounds, as well as fear of midsum- 
mer flooding of the bottom lands which are 
cultivated to some extent ; but this was overcome 
by the argument that the channel would, when 
the Des Plaines and Illinois Rivers were improved 
between Joliet and La Salle, furnish a new and 
enlarged waterway for the passage of vessels 
between the lake and the Mississippi River, and 
the enterprise was indorsed by conventions held 
at Peoria, Memphis and elsewhere, during the 
eighteen months preceding the passage of the 
act. The promi.se ultimately to furnish a flow of 
not less than 600,000 cubic feet per minute also 
excited alarm in cities situated upon the lakes, 
lest the taking of so large a volume of water from 
Lake Michigan should affect the lake-level 
injuriously to navigation; but these apprehen- 
sions were quieted by the assurance of expert 
engineers that the greatest reduction of the lake- 
level below the present minimum would not 
exceed three inches, and more likelj' would not 
produce a perceptible effect. 

At the general election, held Nov. 5, 1889, 
the "Sanitary District of Chicago" was organ- 
ized by an abnost unanimous popular vote 
— the returns showing 70,958 votes for the 
measure to 242 against. The District, as thus 
formed, embraces all of the city of Chicago 
north of Eighty-seventh Street, with forty- 
three square miles outside of the city limits 
but within the area to be benefited by the 
improvement. Though the channel is located 
partly in Will County, the district is wholly in 
Cook and bears the entire expense of construc- 
tion. The first election of Trustees was held at a 
special election, Dec. 12, 1889, the Tnistees then 
elected to hold their offices for five j'ears and 
until the following November. The second 
election occurred, Nov. 5, 1895, when the Board, 
as now constituted (1899), was chosen, viz. : 
William Boldenweck, Joseph C. Braden, Zina R. 



96 



HISTORICAL EXCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



Carter, Bernard A. Eckhart, Alexander J. Jones, 
Thomas Kelly, James P. Mallette, Thomas A. 
Smyth and Frank Wenter. The Trustees have 
power to sell bonds in order to procure funds to 
prosecute the work and to levy taxes upon prop- 
erty within the district, under certain limitations 
as to length of time the taxes run and the rate 
per cent imposed. Under an amendment of the 
Drainage Act adopted by the Legislature in 1897, 
the rate of assessment upon property within the 
Drainage District is limited to one and one-half 
per cent, up to and including the year 1899. but 
after that date becomes one-half of one per cent. 
The bed of the channel, as now in process of 
construction, commences at Robey Street and the 
South Branch of the Chicago River, 5.8 miles 
from Lake Michigan, and extends in a south- 
westerly direction to the vicinity of Summit, 
where it intersects the Des Plaines River. From 
this point it follows the bed of that stream to 
Lockport, in Will County, where, in consequence 
of the sudden depression in the ground, the bed of 
the channel comes to the surface, and where the 
great controlling works are situated. This has made 
necessary the excavation of about thirteen miles 
of new channel for the river — which runs parallel 
with, and on the west side of, the drainage canal 
— besides tlie construction of about nineteen 
miles of levee to separate the waters of the 
canal from the river. The following statement 
of the quality of the material excavated and the 
dimensions of the work, is taken from a paper by 
Hon. H. B. Hurd, under the title, "The Cliicago 
Drainage Channel and Waterway," published in 
the sixth voUuiie of "Industrial Chicago" (1896); 
"Through that portion of the channel between 
Chicago and Summit, which is being constructed 
to produce a flow of 300,000 cubic feet per minute, 
which is supposed to be sufficient to dilute sew- 
age for about the present population (of Cliicago) , 
the width of the channel is 110 feet on' the bot- 
tom, with side slopes of two to one. This portion 
of the channel is ultimately to be enlarged to the 
capacity of 600,000 cubic feet per minute. The 
bottom of the channel, at Robej' Street, is 24.448 
feet below Chicago datum. The width of the 
channel from Summit down to the neighborhood 
of Willow Springs is 203 feet on the bottom, with 
the same side slope. The cut through the rock, 
which extends from the neighborhood of Willow 
Springs to the point where the channel runs out 
of ground near Lockport, is 160 feet wide at the 
bottom. The entire depth of the channel is 
substantially the same as at Robey Street, with 
the addition of one foot in 40,000 feet. The rook 



portion of the channel is constructed to the full 
capacitj' of 600,(100 cubic feet per minute. From 
the point where the channel runs out of ground 
to Joliet Lake, there is a rapid fall; ove' this 
slope works are to be constructed to let the water 
down in such a manner as not to damage Joliet. " 

Ground was broken on the rock-cut near 
Lemont. on Sept. 3, 1893, and work has been in 
progress almost constantiv ever since. The prog- 
ress of the work was greatly obstructed during 
tlie year 1898, by difficulties encountered in secur- 
ing the right of way for the discharge of the 
waters of the canal through the city of Joliet, 
but these were compromised near the close of the 
year, and it was anticipated that the work would 
be prosecuted to completion during the year 
1899. From Feb. 1, 1890, to Dec. 31, 1898," the 
net receipts of the Board for the prosecution of 
the work aggregated 828.3.57,707, while the net 
expenditures had amounted to §38, 221 864.57. Of 
the latter, §20,099,284.67 was charged to construc- 
tion account, §3,136,903.12 to "land account" 
(including right of way), and §1,333,093.83 to the 
cost of maintaining the engineering department. 
When finished, the cost will reach not less than 
§35,000,000. These figures indicate the stupen- 
dous character of the work, which bids fair to 
stand without a rival of its kind in modern 
engineering and in the results it is expected to 
achieve. 

CHICAGO GREAT WESTERN RAILWAY. 
Tlie total mileage of this line, June 30, 1898, was 
1,008 miles, of which 153. .53 miles are operated 
and owned in Illinois. The line in this State 
extends west from Chicago to East Dubuque, the 
extreme terminal points being Chicago and 
Minneapolis in the Nortliwest, and Kansas City 
in the Southwest. It lias several brandies in Illi 
nois, Iowa and Minnesota, and trackage arrange- 
ments with several lines, the most important 
being with the St. Paul & Northern Pacific (10.56 
miles), completing the connection between St. 
Paul and Minneapolis; with the Illinois Central 
from East Dubuque to Portage (12.33 miles), and 
with the Chicago & Northern Pacific from Forest 
Home to the Grand Central Station in Chicago. 
The company's own track is single, of standard 
gauge, laid with sixty and seventy-five-pound 
steel rails. Grades and curvature are light, and 
the equipment well maintained. The outstand- 
ing capital stock (1898) was §53,019,0.54; total 
capitalization, including stock, bonds and miscel- 
laneous indebtedness, §57,144,343. (History). The 
road was chartered, Jan. 3. 1893, under the laws 
of Illinois, for the purpose of reorganization of 




VIEWS OF KKAI.NAGE CANAL. 




VIEWS OF IJUAIXAGE CANAL. 



IIISTOlilCAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



97 



the Chicago, St. Paul & Kansas City Railway 
Company on a stock basis. During 1895, the 
De Kalb &' Great Western Kailroail (5.81 miles) 
wa.s built from De Kalb to Sj-camore as a feeder 
of this line. 

CHIC.iGO, HARLEM & HATAVIA RAIL- 
ROAD. (See Chicago & Northern Pacific Rail- 
road. ) 

CHICAGO, H.VTAXA & WESTER\ RAIL- 
ROAD. (See Illinois Central Riiilroad.) 

CHICAGO HISTORICAL SOCIETY, organized, 
April 24, li^ofi, for the purposes o( (1) establishing 
a library and a caliinet of antiquities, relics, etc. ; 
(2) the collection and preservation of historical 
manuscripts, documents, papers and tracts; (3) 
the encouragement of the discovery and investi- 
gation of aboriginal remains, particularly in Illi- 
nois; (4) the collection of material illustrating 
the growth and settlement of Chicago. By 1871 
the Society Iiad accumulated much valuable 
material, but the entire collection was destroyed 
in the great Chicago fire of that year, among the 
manuscripts consumed being the original draft 
of the emancipation proclamation by Abraham 
Lincoln. Tlie nucleus of a second collection was 
consumed by fire in 1874. Its loss in this second 
conflagration included many valuable manu- 
scripts. In 1877 a temporary building was 
erected, which was torn down in 1893 to make 
room for the erection, on tlie same lot. of a 
thoroughly fire-proof structure of granite, 
planned after the most approved modem systems. 
The new building was erected and dedicated 
under the direction of its late President, Ed- 
ward G. Mason, Esq., Dec. 13, 1896. The Society's 
third collection now embraces about twenty -five 
thousand volumes and nearly fifty thousand 
pamphlets; seventy-five portraits in oils, with 
other works of art : a valuable collection of 
manuscript documents, and a large museum of 
local and miscellaneous antiquities. Mr. Charles 
Evans is Secretary and Librarian. 

CHICA(iO HOMEOPATHIC MTDICAL COL- 
LEGE, organized in 1S7U, with a teaching faculty 
of nineteen and forty-five matriculates. Its first 
term opened October 4, of that year, in a Ie;ised 
building. By 1881 the college had outgrown its 
first quarters, and a commodious, well appointed 
structure was erected by the trustees, in a more 
desirable location. The institution was among 
the first to introduce a graded course of instruc- 
tion, extending over a period of eigliteen vears. 
In 1897, the matrioilatingclassnumbered over200. 

CHICAGO HOSPITAL FOR WOMEX A>D 
CHILDREN, located at Chicago, and founded in 



1865 by Dr. Mary Harris Thompson. Its declared 
objects are; "To afford a liome for women and 
children among the respectable poor in need of 
medical and surgical aid; to treat the .same 
classes at home by an assistant physician; to 
afford a free dispensary for the same, and to 
train competent nurses." At the outset the 
hospital was fairly well sustained through pri- 
vate l)enefactions, and, in 1870, largely through 
Dr. Thompson's efforts, a college was organized 
for the medical eiUication of women exclusively. 
(See Xorthwestern University Woman's Medical 
School.) The hospital building was totally 
destroye<l in the gre;it fire of 1871, but temporary 
accommodations were provided in another section 
of the city. The following year, with the aid of 
$25,000 appropriated by the Chicago Relief and 
Aid Society, a permanent building was pur- 
chased, and, in 1885, a new, commodious and well 
planned building was erected on the same site, at 
a cost of about •$75,000. 

CHICAGO, MADISON & NORTHERN RAIL- 
ROAD, a line of railway 231.3 miles in length, 140 
miles of which lie within Illinois. It is operated 
by the Illinois Central Railroad Company, and is 
known as its "Freeport Division." The par value 
of the capital stock outstanding is .?50,000 and of 
bonds $3,500,000, while the floating debt is 
$3,620,698, making a total capitalization of 
$6,170,698, or $26,698 per mile. (See also niinois 
Central Railroad.) This road was opened from 
Chicago to Freeport in 1888. 

CHICAGO MEDICAL COLLEGE. (See .Vor;;i- 
vcstcrn Unircrsifi/ Medical College.) 

CHICAGO, MILWAUKEE & ST. VXVL RAIL- 
WAT, one of the great trunk lines of the North- 
west, having a total mileage (1898) of 6,153.83 
miles, of which 317.94 are in Illinois. Tlie main 
line extends from Chicago to Minneapolis, 420 
miles, althougli it has connections with Kansas 
City, Omaha, Siou.x City and various points in 
"Wisconsin, Iowa and the Dakotas. The Cliicago, 
Milwaukee & St. Paul Railroad Company enjoys 
the distinction of being the owner of all the lines 
operated by it, though it operates 243 miles of 
second tracks owned jointly with other lines. 
Tlie greater part of its track is laid with 
60, 75 and 85-lb. steel rails. The total capital 
invested (1S9S; is $220,00.5,901, distributed as 
follows: capital stock. $77,845,000; bonded debt, 
$135,285,500; otlier forms of indebtedness, 
$5,.573,401. Its total earnings in Illinois for 
1898 were $5,205,244, and the total e.xpendi- 
tures, §3,320,248. The total number of em- 
ployes in Illinois for 1898 was 2,293, receiving 



98 



HISTOEICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



$1,746,827.70 in aggregate compensation. Taxes 
paid for the .same year amounted to §1.51,285. — 
(History). The Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul 
Railway was organized in 18C3 under the name 
of the Milwaukee & St. Paul Railway. Tlie Illi- 
nois portion of the main line was built under a 
charter granted to the Chicago, Milwaukee & St. 
Paul Railway Company, and the "Wisconsin por- 
tion under charter to the Wisconsin Union Rail- 
road Company; the whole built and opened in 
1872 and purchased by the Milwaukee & St. Paul 
Railway Company. It subsequently acquired by 
purchase several lines in Wisconsin, the whole 
receiving the present name of the line by act of 
the Wisconsin Legislature, passed, Feb. 14, 1874. 
The Chicago & Evanston Railroad was chartered, 
Feb. 16, 1861, built from Chicago to Calvary (10.8 
miles), and opened, May 1, 1885; was consolidated 
with the Chicago & Lake Superior Railroad, 
under the title of the Chicago, Evanston & Lake 
Superior Railroad Company, Dec. 22, 1885, opened 
to Evanston, August 1, 1886, and purchased, in 
June, 1887, by the Chicago, Milwaukee & St. 
Paul Railway Company. The Road, as now 
organized, is made up of twenty-two divisions 
located in Illinois, Wisconsin, Iowa, Minnesota, 
North and South Dakota, Missouri and Michigan. 
CHICAGO, PADUCAH & MEMPHIS RAIL- 
ROAD (Projected), a road chartered, Dec. 19, 
1893. to run between Altamont and Metropolis, 
111., 152 miles, with a branch froni Johnston City 
to Carbondale, 20 miles — total length, 172 miles. 
The gauge is standard, and the track laid with 
sixtj'-pound steel rails. By Feb. 1, 1895, the road 
from Altamont to Marion (100 miles) was com- 
pleted, and work on the remainder of the line has 
been in progress. It is intended to connect with 
the Wabash and the St. Louis Southern systems. 
Capital stock authorized and subscribed, §2,500,- 
000; bonds issued, §1,575,000. Funded debt, 
authorized, §15.000 per mile in five per cent first 
mortgage gold bonds. Cost of road up to Feb. 1, 
1895, §20,000 per mile ; estimated cost of the entire 
line, §2,000,000. In December, 1896, this road 
passed into the hands of the Chicago & Eastern 
■ lUinois Railroad Company, and is now operated to 
Marion, in Williamson County. (See Cliicago & 
Eastern Illinois Railroad.) 

CHICAGO, PEKIN & SOUTHWESTERN RAIL- 
ROAD, a division of the Chicago & Alton Rail- 
road, chartered as the Chicago & Plainfield 
Railroad, in 1859 ; opened from Pekin to Streator 
in 1873, and to Mazon Bridge in 1876; sold under 
foreclosure in 1879, and now constitutes a part of 
the Chicago & Alton system. 



CHICAGO, PEORIA & ST.IOUIS RAILROAD 
COMPANY (of Illinois), a corporation operating 
two lines of railroad, one extending from Peoria 
to Jacksonville, and the other from Peoria to 
Springfield, with a connection from tlie latter 
place (in 1895), over a leased line, with St. Louis. 
The total mileage, as oflficially reported in 1895, 
was 208.66 miles, of which 166 were owned by 
the corporation. (1) The original of the Jackson- 
ville Division of this line was the Illinois River 
Railroad, opened from Pekin to Virginia in 1859. 
In October, 1863, it was sold under foreclosure, 
and, early in 1864, was transferred by the pur- 
chasers to a new corporation called the Peoria, 
Pekin & Jacksonville Railroad Company, by 
whom it was extended the same year to Peoria, 
and, in 1869, to Jacksonville. Another fore- 
closure, in 1879, resulted in its sale to the 
creditors, followed by consolidation, in 1881, 
with the Wabash, St. Louis & Pacific Railway. 
(2) The Sjiringfield Division was incorporated in 
1869 as the Springfield & Northwestern Railway; 
construction was begun in 1872, and road opened 
from Springfield to Havana (45.20 miles) in 
December, 1874, and from Havana to Pekin and 
Peoria over the track of the Peoria, Pekin & 
Jacksonville line. The same year the road was 
leased to the Indianapolis, Bloomington & West- 
ern Railroad Company, but the lease was for- 
feited, in 1875, and the road placed in the hands 
of a receiver. In 1881, together with the 
Jacksonville Division, it was transferred to the 
Wabash, St. Louis & Pacific Railway, and by 
that company operated as the Peoria & Spring- 
field Railroad. The Wabash, St. Louis & Pacific 
having defaulted and gone into the hands of a 
receiver, both the Jacksonville and the Spring- 
field Divisions were reorganized in February, 
1887, mider the name of the Chicago, Peoria & 
St. Louis Railroad, and placed under control of 
the Jacksonville Southeastern Railroad. A 
reorganization of the latter took place, in 1890, 
under the name of the Jacksonville, Louisville & 
St. Louis Railway, and, in 1893, it passed into the 
hands of receivers, and was severed from its 
allied lines. The Chicago, Peoria & St. Louis 
Railroad remained under the management of a 
separate receiver until Januarj', 1896, when a 
reorganization was effected under its present 
name — "The Chicago, Peoria & St. Louis Rail- 
road of Illinois." The lease of the Springfield 
& St. Louis Division having expired in Decem- 
ber, 1895, it has also been reorganized as an 
independent corporation under the name of the 
St. Louis, Peoria & Northern Railway (which see)- 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



99 



CHICAGO RIVER, a sluggish stream, draining 
a narrow strip of land between Lake Michigan 
and the Des Plaines River, the entire watershed 
drained amounting to some 470 square miles. It 
is formed by tlio union of the "Xorlli" and 
the "South Brancli," wliicli unite less than a mile 
and a half from tlie nioutli of tlie main stream. 
At an early day the former was known as the 
"Guarie" and the latter as "Portage River." Tlie 
total length of the North Branch is about 20 miles, 
only a small fraction of which is navigable. The 
South Branch is shorter but offers greater facilities 
for navigation, being lined along its lower jjor- 
tions witli grain-elevators, lumber-yards and 
manufactories. Tlie Illinois Indians in early days 
found an easy portage between it and the De.s 
Plaines River. The Chicago River, with its 
branches, separates Chicago into three divisions, 
known, respectiveh', as the "North" the "South" 
and the "West Divisions." Drawbridges have 
been erected at the principal street crossings 
over the river and both branches, and four 
tunnels, connecting the various divisions of the 
citv, have been constructed under the river bed. 

CHIC.VGO, ROCK ISL.iXD & PACIFIC RAIL- 
WAY, formed by the consolidation of various 
lines in 1880. The parent corjwration (The 
Chicago & Rock Island R;iilroad) was chartered 
in Illinois in 1851, and the road opened from Chi- 
cago to the Mississippi River at Rock Island (181 
miles), Julj' 10, 1854. In 1853 a company was 
chartered under the name of the Mississippi & 
Missouri Railroad for the extension of the road 
from tlie Mississippi to the Missouri River. The 
two roads were consolidated in 1866 as the Chi- 
cago, Rock Island & Pacific Railroad, and the 
extension to tlie Missouri River and a junction 
with the Union Pac'ific completed in 1869. The 
Peoria & Bureau Valley Railroad (an important 
feeder from Peoria to Bureau Junction — 46.7 
miles) was incorporated in 1853, and completed 
and leased in jierpetuity to the Chicago & Rock 
Island R;vilroad, in 1S54. The St. Joseph & Iowa 
Railroad was purchased in 1889, and the Kan.s;is 
City & Toijeka Railway in 1891. The Company 
has financial and tr.afiSc agreements with the 
Chicago, Rock Island & Texas Railwaj-, extending 
from Terral Station, Indian Territory, to Fort 
Worth, Texas. The road also has connections 
from Chicai^o with Peoria; St. Paul and Minne- 
apolis; Omaha and Lincoln (Neb.); Denver. Colo- 
rado 'Springs and Pueblo (Colo. ), besides various 
points in South Dakota, Iowa and Southwestern 
Kansa.s. The extent of the lines owned and 
operated by the Company ( "Poor's Manual," 1898), 



is 3,568.15 miles, of which 236.51 miles are in 
Illinois, 189.52 miles being owned by the corpo- 
ration. All of the Company's owned and 
leased lines are laid with steel rails. The total 
capitalization reported for the same year was 
$116,748,211, of which 850,000,000 was in stock 
and $58,830,000 in bonds. The total earnings and 
income of the line in Illinois, for the year ending 
June 30, 1898, was $5,851,875, and the total 
expenses $3,401,165, of which $233,129 was in the 
form of taxes. The Company has received under 
Congressional grants 550, 194 acres of land, exclu- 
sive of State grants, of which there had been sold, 
up to March 31. 1894, 548,609 acres. 

CHICA(JO, ST. PAUL & FOND DU LAC RAIL- 
RO.VI). (See Chicago & Northivcstcni liailiray.) 

CHICAGO, ST. PAUL & KANSAS CITY RAIL- 
WAY. (See Chicago Great Western Railjraij.) 

CHICAGO, ST. LOUIS & PADUCAH RAIL- 
WAY, a short road, of standard gauge, laid with 
steel rails, extending from Marion to Brooklyn, 
111., 53.64 miles. It was chartered, Feb. 7, 1887, 
and opened for traffic, Jan. 1, 1889. The St. 
Louis, Alton & Terre Haute Railroad Company is 
the lessee, having guaranteed princijial and inter- 
est on its first mortgage bonds. Its capital stock 
is $1,000,000, and its bonded debt $2,000,000, 
making the total capitalization about $56,000 per 
mile. The cost of the road was $2,950,000; total 
incumbrance (1895), $3,016,71.5. 

CHICAGO TERMINAL TRANSFER RAIL- 
ROAD, the successor to the Chicago & Northern 
Pacific Railroad. The latter was organized in 
November, 1889, to acquire and lease facilities to 
other roads and tran.s;ict a local business. The 
Road under its new name was chartered, June 4, 
1897, to purchase at foreclosure sale the property 
of the Chicago & Northern Pacific, soon after 
ac(iuiring the property of the Chicago & Calumet 
Terminal Railway also. The combination gives 
it the control of 84.53 miles of road, of which 
70.76 miles are in Illinois. The line is u.sed for 
both passenger and freight terminal purposes, 
and also a belt line just outside the city limits. 
Its principal tenants are the Chicago Great West- 
ern, the Baltimore & Ohio, the Wisconsin Central 
Lines, and the Chicago, Hammond & Western 
Railroad. The Company also has control of the 
ground on which the Grand Central Depot is 
located. Its total capitalization (1898) was $44,- 
5.53,044, of which $30,000,000 was capital stock 
and $13,394,000 in the form of bonds. 

CHICAGO THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY, organ- 
ized, Sept. 26, 18.54, by a convention of Congre- 
gational ministers and laymen representing seven 



100 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OP ILLINOIS. 



Western States, among which was Illinois. A 
special and liberal charter was granted, Feb. 15, 
18.J0. The Seminary has always been under 
Congregational control and supervision, its 
twenty-four trustees being elected at Triennial 
Conventions, at which are represented all the 
cliurches of that denomination west of the Ohio 
and east of the Rocky Mountains. The institu- 
tion was formally opened to students, Oct. 6, 
1858, with two professors and twenty-nine 
matriculates. Since then it has steadily grown 
in both numbers and influence. Preparatory and 
linguistic schools have been added and tlie 
faculty (189(i) includes eight professors and nine 
minor instructors. The Seminary is liberally 
endowed, its productive assets being nearly 
81,000,000. and the value of its grounds, build- 
ings, librarj-, etc., amounting to nearly §500,000 
more. No charge is made for tuition or room 
rent, and there are forty -two endowed scholar- 
ships, the income of which is devoted to the aid 
of needy students. The buildings, including the 
library and dormitories, are four in number, and 
are well constructed and arranged. 

CHICAGO & ALTON RAILROAD, an impor 
tant railway running in a soutliwesterly direc- 
tion from Chicago to St. Louis, with numerous 
branches, extending into Missouri, Kansas and 
Colorado. The Chicago & Alton Eailroad proper 
was constructed under two charters — the first 
granted to the Alton & Sangamon Railroad Com- 
pany, in 1847, and the second to the Chicago & 
Mississippi Railroad Company, in 1853. Con- 
struction of the former was begun in 1852. and 
the line opened from Alton to .Springfield in 
1853. Under the second corporation, the line was 
opened from Springfield to Bloomington in 1854, 
and to Joliet in 185G. In 1855 a line was con- 
structed from Chicago to Joliet under the name 
of the Joliet & Chicago Railroad, and leased in 
perpetuity to the present Company, which was 
reorganized in 1857 under the name of the St. 
Louis, Alton & Chicago Railroad Company. For 
some time connection was had between Alton 
and St. Louis by steam-packet boats running in 
connection with the railroad ; but later over the 
line of the Indianapolis & St. Louis Railroad — ■ 
the first railway line connecting the two cities — 
and, finally, by the Company's own line, which 
was constructed in 1864, and formally opened 
Jan. 1, 1865. In 1861, a company with the 
present name (Chicago & Alton Railroad Com- 
pany) was organized, which, in 1862, purchased 
the St. Louis, Alton & Chicago Road at fore- 
closure sale. Several branch lines have since 



been acquired by purchase or lease, the most 
important in the State being the line from 
Bloomington to St. Louis by way of Jacksonville. 
This was chartered in 1851 under the name of the 
St. Louis, Jacksonville & Chicago Railroad, was 
opened for business in January, 1868, and having 
been diverted from the route upon whicli it was 
originally projected, was completed to Blooming- 
ton and leased to the Cliicago & Alton in 1868. 
In 1884 this branch was absorbed by the main 
line. Other important branches are the Kansas 
City Branch from Roodhouse, crossing the Mis- 
sissippi at Louisiana, Mo. ; the Washington 
Branch from Dwight to Washington and Lacon, 
and the Chicago & Peoria, b}' wliich entrance is 
obtained into the city of Peoria over the tracks 
of the Toledo, Peoria & Western. The whole 
number of miles operated (1898; is 843.54, of 
which 580.73 lie in Illinois. Including double 
tracks and sidings, the Company has a total 
trackage of 1,186 miles. The total capitalization, 
in 1898, was 832,793,972, of which §22,230,600 was 
in stock, and 86.694,850 in bonds. The total 
earnings and income for the year, in Illinois, were 
85,022,315, and the operating and other expenses, 
84,272,207. This road, under its management as 
it existed up to 1898, lias been one of the most uni- 
formly successful in the country. Dividends 
have been paid semiannually from 1863 to 1884, 
and quarterly from 1884 to 1896. For a number 
of years previous to 1897, the dividends had 
amounted to eiglit per cent per annum on both 
preferred and common stock, but later had been 
reduced to seven per cent on account of short 
crops along the line. The taxes paid in 1898 
were 8341,040. The surplus, Jime 30, 1895, 
exceeded two and three-quarter million dollars. 
The Chicago & Alton was the first line in the 
world to put into service sleeping and dining cars 
of the Pullman model, which have since been so 
widely adopted, as well as the first to run free 
reclining chair-cars for the convenience and 
comfort of its passengers. At the time the 
matter embraced in this volume is undergoing 
final revision (1899), negotiations are in progress 
for the purchase of this historic line by a syndi- 
cate representing the Baltimore & Ohio, the 
Missouri Pacific, the Union Pacific, and the 
Missouri, Kansas & Texas systems, in whose 
interest it will hereafter be operated. 

CHICAGO & AURORA RAILROAD. (See 
Chicago, Burlington & Quincy Railroad.) 

CHICAGO & EASTERN ILLINOIS RAIL- 
ROAD. This company operates a line 516.3 miles 
in length, of which 378 miles are within Illinois. 



HISTOKICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



101 



The main line in this State extends southerly 
from Dolton Junction (17 miles south of Chicago) 
to Danville. Entrance to the Polk Street Depot 
in Chicago is secured over the tracks of the 
Western Indiana Kailroad. The company owns 
several important branch lines, as follows: From 
Momence Junction to the Indiana State Line; 
from Cissna Junction to Cissna Park; from Dan- 
ville Junction to Shelbyville, and from Sidell to 
Rossville. The system in Illinois is of standard 
gauge, about 108 miles being double track. The 
right of way is 100 feet wide and well fenced. 
The grades are light, and the construction 
(including rails, ties, ballast and bridges), is 
generally excellent. The capital stock outstand- 
ing (1895)isS13.r)94,400; funded debt, §18,018,000; 
floating debt, §916.381; total capital invested, 
S32,.570,T81; total earnings in Illinois, $3,.'j92,072; 
expenditures in the State, §2,595,631. The com- 
pany paid the .same j'ear a dividend of six per 
cent on its common stock (§286. 9U), and reported 
a surplus of §1.484,762. The Chicago & Eastern 
Illinois was originally chartered in 1865 as the 
Chicago, Danville & Vincennes Railroad, its main 
line being completed in 1872. In 1873, it defaulted 
on interest, was sold under foreclosure in 1877, 
and reorganized as the Chicago & Nashville, but 
later in same year took its present name. In 
1894 it was consolidated with the Chicago & 
Indiana Coal Railway. Two spurs (5.27 miles in 
length) were added to the line in 1895. Early in 
1897 this line obtained control of the Chicago, 
Paducah & Memphis Railroad, which is now 
operated to Marion, in Williamson County. (See 
Chicago. Paducah <J- Memphis Railroad.) 

CHICAGO & GR.\ND TRUNK RAILWAY. Of 
the 335.27 miles of the Chicago & Grand Trunk 
Railroad, only 30.65 are in Illinois, and of the 
latter 9.7 miles are operated under lease. That 
portion of the line within the State extends from 
Chicago easterly to tlie Indiana State line. The 
Compan3- is also lessee of the Grand Junction 
Railroad, four miles in length. The Road is 
capitalized at .§6,600,000, lias a bonded debt of 
§12.000.000 and a floating debt (1895) of §2,271,425, 
making the total capital invested, $20,871,425. 
The total earnings in Illinois for 1895 amounted 
to §060,393; disbursements within the State for 
the same period, §345,233. The Chicago & Grand 
Trunk Railway, as now constituted, is a consoli- 
dation of various lines tetween Port Huron, 
Mich., and Chicago, operated in the interest of 
the Grand Trunk Rjiilway of Canada. The Illi- 
nois section was built under a charter granted in 
1878 to the Chicago & State Line Railway Com- 



pany, to form a connection with Valparaiso, Ind. 
This corporation acquired the Chicago & South- 
ern Railroad (from Chicago to Dolton), and the 
Chicago & State Line Extension in Indiana, all 
being consolidated under the name of the North- 
we.stern Grand Trunk Railroad. In 1880, a final 
consolidation of these lines with the eastward 
connections took place under the present name — 
the Chicago & Grand Trunk Railway. 

CHICAGO & GREAT EASTERX RAILWAY. 
(See Pittuburg, Cincinnati, Chicago & St. Louis 
Railway.) 

CHICAGO & GREAT SOUTHERN RAILROAD. 
(See Peoria, Decatur & Evansvillc Railway.) 

CHICAGO & ILLINOIS SOUTHERN RAIL- 
WAY. (See Peoria, Decatur & Evansvillc Rail- 
tray. ) 

CHICAGO & MISSISSIPPI RAILROAD. (See 
Chicago <t Alton Railroad.) 

CHICAGO A. NASHVILLE RAILROAD. (See 
Chicago & Eastern Illinois Railroad.) 

CHICAGO & NORTHERN PACIFIC RAIL- 
ROAD. (See Chicago Terminal Transfer Rail- 
road. ) 

CHICAGO & NORTHWESTERN RAILWAY, 
one of the great trunk lines of the country, pene- 
trating the States of Illinois, Wisconsin, Michi- 
gan, Iowa, Minnesota and North and South 
Dakota. The total length of its main line, 
branches, proprietary and operated lines, on May 
1, 1899, was 5,076.89 miles, of which 594 miles are 
operated in Illinois, all owned by the company. 
Second and side tracks increase the mileage 
to a total of 7,217.91 miles. The Chicago & 
Northwestern Railway (proper) is operated in 
nine separate divisions, as follows: The Wis- 
consin, Galena, Iowa, Northern Iowa, Madison, 
Peninsula, Winona and St. Peter, Dakota and 
Aghkind Divisions The principal or main lines 
of the "Northwestern System,"' in its entirety, 
are those which have Chicago, Omaha, St. Paul 
and Minneapolis for their termini, though their 
branches reach numerous important points 
within the States already named, from the shore 
of Lake Michigan on the east to Wyoming on the 
west, and from Kansas on the south to Lake 
Superior on the north.— (History.) The Chi- 
cago & Northwestern Railwaj' Company was 
organized in 1859 under charters granted by the 
Legislatures of Illinois and Wisconsin during 
that year, under which the new companj' came 
into possession of the rights and franchises of the 
Chicago, St. Paul & Fond du Lac Railroad Com- 
pany. The latter road was the outgrowth ot 
various railway enterprises which had been pro 



102 



niSTOEICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



jected, chartered and partly constructed in Wis- 
consin and Illinois, between 1848 and 1855, 
including the Madison & Beloit Railroad, the 
Rock River Valley Union Railroad, and the Illi- 
nois & Wisconsin Railroad — the last named com- 
pany being chartered by the Illinois Legislature 
in 1851, and authorized to build a railroad from 
Chicago to the Wisconsin line. Tlie Wisconsin 
Legislature of 1855 authorized the consolidation 
of the Rock River Valley Union Railroad with the 
Illinois enterprise, and, in March, 1855, the con- 
solidation of these lines was perfected under the 
name of the Chicago, St. Paul & Fond du Lac 
Railroad. During the first four years of its exist- 
ence this company built 17G miles of the road, of 
■which seventy miles were between Chicago and 
the Wisconsin State line, with the sections con- 
structed in Wisconsin completing the connection 
between Chicago and Fond du Lac. As the result 
of the financial revulsion of 1857, the corporation 
became financially embarrassed, and the sale of its 
property and franchises under the foreclosure of 
1859, already alluded to, followed. This marked 
the beginning of the present corporation, and, in 
the next few years, by the construction of new 
lines and the purchase of others in Wisconsin and 
Northern Illinois, it added largely to the extent 
of its lines, both constructed and projected. The 
most important of these was the union effected 
with the Galena & Chicago Union Railroad, 
which was formally consolidated with the Chi- 
cago & Northwestern in 1864. The history of 
the Galena & Chicago Union is interesting in 
view of the fact that it was one of the earliest 
railroads incorporated in Illinois, having been 
chartered by special act of the Legislature during 
the "internal improvement" excitement of 183G. 
Besides, its charter was the only one of that 
period under which an organization was effected, 
and although construction was not begun under 
it until 1847 (eleven years afterward), it was the 
second railroad constructed in the State and the 
first leading from the city of Chicago. In the 
forty years of its history the growth of the Chi- 
cago & Northwestern has been steady, and its 
success almost phenomenal. In that time it has 
not only added largely to its mileage by the con- 
struction of new lines, but has absorbed more 
lines than almost any other road in the country, 
until it now reaches almost every important city 
in the Northwest. Among the lines in Northern 
Illinois now constituting a part of it, were several 
which had become a part of the Galena & Chicago 
Union before the consolidation. These included 
a line from Belvidere to Beloit, Wis. ; the Fox 



River Valley Railroad, and the St. Charles & 
Mississippi Air Line Railroad — all Illinois enter- 
prises, and more or less closely connected with 
the development of the State. The total capi- 
talization of the line, on June 30, 1898, was 
§200,968,108, of which §66,408,821 was capi- 
tal stock and §101,603,000 in the form of 
bonds. The earnings in the State of Illinois, 
for the same period, aggregated §4,374,923, 
and the expenditures §8,712,593. At the present 
time (1899) the Chicago & Northwestern is build- 
ing eight or ten branch lines in Wisconsin, Iowa, 
Minnesota and South Dakota. The Northwestern 
System, as such, comprises nearly 3,000 miles of 
road not included in the preceding statements of 
mileage and financial condition. Although owned 
by the Chicago & Northwestern Company, they 
are managed by different oflioers and under other 
names. The mileage of the whole system covers 
nearly 8,000 miles of main line. 

CHICAGO & SPRINGFIELD RAILROAD. 
(See Illinois Central Railroad.) 

CHICAGO & TEXAS RAILROAD, a line 
seventy-three miles in length, extending from 
Johnston City by way of Carbondale westerly to 
the Mississippi, thence southerly to Cape Girar- 
deau. The line was originally operated by two 
companies, under the names of the Grand Tower 
& Carbondale and the Grand Tower & Cape Girar- 
deau Railroad Companies. The former was 
chartered in 1883, and the road built in 1885; the 
latter, chartered in 1889 and the line opened the 
same year. They were consolidated in 1893, and 
operated under the name of the Chicago & Texas 
Railroad Company. In October, 1897, the last 
named line was transferred, under a twenty-five 
year lease, to the Illinois Central Railroad Com- 
pany, by whom it is operated as its St. Louis & 
Cape Girardeau division. 

CHICAGO & WESTERN INDIANA RAIL- 
RO.AD. The main line of this road extends from 
Chicago to Dolton, 111. (17 miles), and affords ter- 
minal facilities for all lines entering the Folk St. 
Depot at Chicago. It has branches to Hammond, 
Ind. (10.28 miles) ; to Cragin (15.9 miles), and to 
South Chicago (5.41 miles); making the direct 
mileage of its branches 48.59 miles. In addition, 
its second, third and fourth tracks and sidings 
increase the mileage to 204.79 miles. The com- 
pany was organized June 9, 1879 ; the road opened 
in 1880, and, on Jan. 26, 1882, consolidated with 
the South Chicago & Western Indiana Railroad 
Company, and the Chicago & Western Indiana 
Belt Railway. It also owns some 850 acres in fee 
in Chicago, including wharf property on the 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



103 



Chicago River, right of way. switch and transfer 
yards, depots, tlie Indiana grain elevator, etc. 
The elevator and the Belt Division are leased to 
the Belt Railway Company of Chicago, and the 
rest of the property is leased conjointly by the 
Chicago & Eastern Illinois, the Chicago & Grand 
Trunk, the Chicago & Erie, the Louisville. New 
Albany & Chicago, and the Wabash Railways 
(each of whicli owns .51,000,000 of the capital 
stock), and by the Atchison. Topeka & Santa Fe. 
These companies pay the expense of operation 
and maintenance on a mileage basis. 

CHICAGO & WISCONSIN RAILROAD. (See 
Wisconniti Central Lines.) 

CHILDS, Robert A., was born at Malone, 
Franklin County. N. Y.. March 22. 184.5. the son 
of an itinerant Methodist preacher, who settled 
near Belvidere. Boone County. III., in 1853. His 
home liaving l)een broken up by the death of his 
mother, in 18.")4. he went to live upon a farm. In 
April, 1861, at the age of 16 years, he enlisted in 
the company of Captain (afterwards General) 
Stephen A. Hurlbut. which was later attached to 
the Fifteenth Illinois Volunteers. After being 
mustered out at the close of the war, he entered 
school, and graduated from the Illinois State 
NormalUniversitj in 1870. For the following three 
years he was Principal and Superintendent of 
public scliools at Ainboy, Lee County, meanwhile 
studying law, and being admitted to the bar. In 
1873, he began the practice of his profession at 
Chicago, making his home at Hinsdale. After 
filling various local offices, in 1884 he was 
chosen Presidential Elector on the Republican 
ticket, and, in 1892, was elected by the narrow 
majority of thirty-seven votes to represent the 
Eighth Illinois District in the Fifty-third Con- 
gress, as a Repul)lican. 

CHILLirOTHE, a city in Peoria County, situ- 
ated on the Illinois River, at the head of Peoria 
Lake; is 19 miles northwest of Peoria, on the 
Peoria branch of the Chicago, Rock Island & 
Pacific Rivilroad, and the freight division of the 
Atkinson, Tojieka & Santa Fe Railroad. It is an 
important shipping-point for grain; has a can- 
ning factory, a button factory, two bank.s, five 
churches, a high school, and two weekly news- 
papers. Population (1890), 1,632; (1900), 1,699. 

CHIMQl'Y, (Rev.) Charles, clergjman and 
reformer, was born in Canada, July 30, 1809, of 
mixed French and Spanish blood, and educated 
for the Romish priesthood at the Seminary of St. 
Nicholet, where he remained ten years, gaining a 
reputation among his fellow students for extraor- 
dinary zeal and piety. Having been ordained 



to the priesthood in 1833, he labored in various 
churches in Canada until 18.-)1, when he accepted 
an invitation to Illinois with a view to building 
up the church in the Mississippi Valley. Locat- 
ing at the junction of the Kankakee and Iroquois 
Rivers, in Kankakee County, he was the means 
of bringing to that vicinity a colony of .some 
,'5,000 French Canadians, followed by colonists 
from France, Belgium and other European 
countries. It has been estimated that over 
.'iO.OOO of this class of emigrants were settled in 
Illinois within a few years. The colony em- 
braced a territory of some 40 square miles, with 
the village of St. Ann's as the center. Here 
Father Chiniquy began his labors by erecting 
churches and schools for the colonists. He soon 
became dissatisfied with what he believed to be 
the exercise of arbitrary authority by the ruling 
Bisliop, then began to have doubts on the question 
of papal infallibilit}% the final result being a 
determination to separate himself from the 
Mother Church. In this step he appears to have 
been followed by a large proportion of the colo- 
nists who had accompanied him from Canada, but 
the result was a feeling of intense bitterness 
between the opposing factions, leading to much 
litigation and many criminal prosecutions, of 
which Father Chiniquy was the subject, though 
never convicted. In one of these suits, in which 
the Father was accused of an infamous crime, 
Abraham Lincoln was counsel for the defense, 
the charge being proven to be the outgrowth of 
a conspiracy. Having finally determined to 
espouse the cause of Protestantism, Father 
Chiniquy allied himself with the Canadian Pres- 
bytery, and for many years of his active clerical 
life, divided his time between Canada and the 
United States, having supervision of churches in 
Montreal and Ottawa, as well as in this country. 
He also more than once visited Europe by special 
invitation to address important religious bodies 
in that country. He died at Montreal, Canada, 
Jan. 16, 1899, in the 90th year of his age. 

CHOUART, Medard, (known also as Sieur des 
Groseilliers), an early French explorer, supposed 
to have been born at Touraine, France, about 
1621. Coming to New France in earlj' youth, he 
made a voyage of discovery with his brother-in- 
law, Radisson, westward from Quebec, about 
1654-56, these two being believed to have been 
the first white men to reach Lake Superior. 
After .spending the winter of 1658-59 at La 
Pointe, near where Ashland, Wis., now stands, 
they are believed by some to have discovered the 
Upper Mississippi and to have descended that 



104 



HISTOEICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



stream a long distance towards its mouth, as 
they claimed to have reached a much milder 
climate and heard of Spanish ships on the salt 
water (Gulf of Mexico). Some antiquarians 
credit them, about this time (1G59), with having 
visited the present site of the city of Chicago. 
They were the first explorers of Northwestern 
Wisconsin and Minnesota, and are also credited 
with having been the first to discover an inland 
route to Hudson's Bay, and with being the 
founders of the original Hudson's Bay Companj'. 
Groseillier's later history is imknown, bvit he 
ranks among the most intrepid explorers of the 
"New World" about the middle of the seventh 
century. 

CHRISMAN, a city of Edgar County, at the 
intersection of the Cleveland, Cincinnati, Chi- 
cago & St. Louis and the Cincinnati, Hamilton & 
Dayton Railroads. 24 miles south of DanviUe; has 
a pipe-wrench factory, grain elevators, and 
storage cribs. Population (1890), 820; (1900), 905. 

CHRISTIAN COUMT, a rich agricultural 
county, lying in the "central belt," and organized 
in 1839 from parts of Macon, Jlontgomery, 
Sangamon and Shelby Counties. The name first 
given to it was Dane, in honor of Nathan Dane, 
one of the framers of the Ordinance of 1787, but 
a political prejudice led to a change. A pre- 
ponderance of early settlers having come from 
Christian Count}', Ky., this name was finally 
adopted. The surface is level and the soil fertile, 
the northern half of the county being best 
adapted to corn and the southern to wheat. Its 
area is about 710 square miles, and its population 
(1900), was 32,790. The life of the early settlers 
was exceedingly primitive. Game was abun- 
dant; wild honey was used as a substitute for 
sugar; wolves were troublesome; prairie fires 
were frequent: the first mill (on Bear Creek) 
could not grind more than ten bushels of grain 
per day, by horse-power. The peojile hauled their 
corn to St. Louis to exchange for groceries. The 
first store was opened at Robertson's Point, but 
the county-seat was established at Taylorville. A 
great change was wrought in local conditions by 
the advent of the Illinois Central Railway, which 
passes through the eastern part of the coimty. 
Two other railroads now pass centrally through 
the county — the "Wabash" and the Baltimore & 
Ohio Southwestern. The principal towns are 
Taylorville (a railroad center and thriving town 
of 2,829 inhabitants), Pana, Morrisonville, Edin- 
burg, and Assumption. 

CHURCH, Lawrence S., lawyer and legislator, 
was born at Nunda, N. Y., in 1820; passed his 



youth on a farm, but having a fondness for study, 
at an early age began teaching in winter with a 
view to earning means to prosecute his studies in 
law. In 1843 he arrived at McHeniy, then the 
county -seat of McHenry County, 111., having 
walked a part of the way from New York, paying 
a portion of his expenses by the delivery of lec- 
tures. He soon after visited Springfield, and 
having been examined before Judge S. H. Treat, 
was admitted to the bar. On the removal of the 
county-seat from McHenry to Woodstock, he 
removed to the latter place, where he continued 
to reside to the end of his life. A member of the 
Whig party up to 18.56, he was that year elected 
as a Republican Representative in the Twentieth 
General Assembly, serving by re-election in the 
Twenty -first and Twenty-second; in 1860, was 
supported for the nomination for Congress in the 
Northwestern District, but was defeated by Hon. 
E. B. Washburne; in 1862, aided in the organiza- 
tion of the Ninety-fifth Illinois Volunteers, and 
was commissioned its Colonel, but was compelled 
to resign before reaching the field on account of 
failing health. In 1806 he was elected County 
Judge of McHenry County, to fill a vacanc}-, and, 
in 1869 to the Constitutional Convention of 1869-70. 
Died, July 23, 1870. Judge Church was a man of 
liigh principle and a speaker of decided ability. 

CHURCH, Seidell Marvin, capitalist, was born 
at East Haddam, Conn., March 4, 1804; taken by 
his father to Monroe County, N. Y., in boj-hood, 
and grew up on a farm there, but at the age of 
21, went to Cincinnati, Ohio, where he engaged 
in teaching, being one of the earliest teachers in 
the public schools of that city. Then, having 
spent some time in mercantile pursuits in Roches- 
ter, N. Y., in 1835 he removed to Illinois, first 
locating at Geneva, but the following year 
removed to Rockford, where he continued to 
reside for the remainder of his life. In 1841, he 
was appointed Postmaster of the city of Rock- 
ford by the first President Harrison, remaining 
in oflice three years. Other offices held by him 
were those of County Clerk (1843-47), Delegate to 
the Second Constitutional Convention (1847), 
Judge of Probate (1849-57). Representative in 
the Twenty-third General Assembly (1863-65), 
and member of tlie first Board of Public Charities 
by appointment of Governor Palmer, in 1869, 
being re-appointed by Governor Beveridge, in 
1873, and, for a part of the time, serving as Presi- 
dent of the Board. He also served, by appoint- 
ment of the Secretary of War, as one of the 
Commissioners to assess damages for the Govern- 
ment improvements at Rock Island and to locate 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



105 



the Government bridge tetween Rock Island and 
Davenport. During the latter years of his life he 
was President for some time of the Rockford 
Insurance Company ; was also one of tlie origina- 
tors, and. for many years, Managing Director of 
the Rockford Water Power Company, which lias 
done so much to i)romotc tlie prosperity of that 
city, and, at the time of liis death, was one of the 
Directors of the Winnebago National Hank. Died 
at Rockfor.l. .June 2:5, 1892. 

CHURCHILL, George, early printer and legis- 
lator, was born at Hubbardtown, Rutland 
County, Vt., Oct. 11, 1789; received a good edu- 
cation in his youth, thus imbibing a taste for 
literature which led to his learning the printer's 
trade. In 180G he became an apprentice in the 
office of the Albanj- (X. Y.) "Sentinel," and, 
after serving his time, worked as a journeyman 
printer, thereby accumulating means to purchase 
a half-interest in a small printing office. Selling 
this out at a loss, a year or two later, he went to 
New York, and, after working at the case some 
five months, started for the West, stopping en 
route at Philadelphia, Pittsburg and Louisville. 
In the latter place he worked for a time in the 
office of "The Courier," and .still later in tliat of 
"The Corre.spondent. " then owned by Col. Elijah 
C. Berry, who subsequently came to Illinois and 
served as Auditor of Public Accounts. In 1817 
he arrived in St. Louis, but, attracted by the fer- 
tile soil of Illinois, determined to engage in agri- 
cultural pursuits, finall}- purchasing land some 
six miles southeast of Edwardsville, in Madison 
County, where he continued to reside the re- 
mainder of his life. In order to raise means to 
improve his farm, in the spring of 1819 lie 
worked as a compositor in the office of "The 
Missouri Gazette" — the predecessor of "The St. 
Louis Republic." While there he wrote a series 
of articles over the signature of "A Farmer of St. 
Charles County," advocating the admission of 
the State of Missouri into the Union without 
slavery, which caused considerable excitement 
among the friends of that in.stitution. During 
the same 3-ear he aided Hooper Warren in 
establishing his paper, "The Spectator," at 
Edwardsville, and, still later, became a frequent 
contributor to its columns, especiallj' during the 
campjiign of 1822-24, wliidi resulted, in the latter 
year, in the defeat of tlie attempt to plant slavery 
in Illinois. In 1822 he wa.s elected Represent- 
ative in the Third General Assembly, serving in 
that body by successive re-elections until 1832. 
His re-election for a second term, in 1824, demon- 
strated that his vote at the preceding session, in 



opposition to the scheme for a State Convention 
to revise the State Constitution in the interest of 
slavery, was approved by his constituents. In 
1838, he was elected to the State Senate, serving 
four years, and, in 1844, was again elected to the 
House — in all serving a period in both Houses of 
sixteen years. Mr. Churchill was never married, 
lie was an industrious and systematic collector of 
historical records, and. at the time of his death in 
tlie summer of 1872, left a mass of documents and 
other historical material of great value. (See 
Slavery and Slave Laws; Warren, Hooper, and 
Coles, Edicard.) 

CLARK (Uen.) George Rogers, soldier, was 
born near Monticello, Albemarle County, Va., 
Nov. 19, 1752. In his younger life he was a 
farmer and surveyor on the upper Ohio. His 
first experience in Indian fighting was under 
Governor Dunmore, against the Shawnees (1774). 
In 1775 he went as a sui'veyor to Kentucky, and 
the British having incited the Indians against 
the Americans in the following year, he was 
commissioned a JIajor of miUtia. He soon rose 
to a Colonelcj', and attained marked distinction. 
Later he was commissioned Brigadier-General, 
and planned an expedition against the British 
fort at Detroit, which was not successful. In 
the latter part of 1777, in consultation with Gov. 
Patrick Henry, of Virginia, he planned an expe- 
dition against Illinois, which was carried out 
the following j'ear. On July 4, 1778, he captured 
Kaskaskia without firing a gun, and other 
French villages surrendered at discretion. The 
following February he set out from Kaskaskia to 
cross the "Illinois Country" for the purpose of 
recapturing Vincennes, which had been taken and 
was garrisoned by the British under Hamilton. 
After a forced march characterized by incredible 
suffering, his ragged followers effected the cap- 
ture of the post. His last important military 
service was against the savages on the Big 
Jliami, whose villages and fields he laid waste. 
His last years were passed in sorrow and in com- 
I>arative penur3-. He died at Louisville, Ky., 
Feb. 18, 1818, and his remains, after reposing in a 
private cemetery near that city for half a cen- 
tury, were exhumed and removed to Cave Hill 
Cemetery in 1869. The fullest history of General 
Clark's expedition and his life will be found in 
the "Conquest of the Country Northwest of the 
Ohio River, 1774-1783, and Life of Gen. George 
Rogers Clark" (2 volumes, 1896). by the late 
AVilliam H. Englisli, of Indianapolis. 

CL.\RK, Horace S., lawj'er and politician, was 
born at Huntsburg, Ohio, August 12, 1840. At 



106 



HISTOEICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



the age of 15, coming to Chicago, he found 
employment in a livery stable ; later, worked on 
a farm in Kane County, attending school in the 
ivinter. After a year spent in Iowa City attend- 
ing the Iowa State University, he returned to 
Kane County and engaged in the dairy business, 
later occupying liimself with various occupations 
in Illinois and Missouri, but finally returning to 
his Ohio home, where he began the study of law 
at Circleville. In 18G1 he enlisted in an Ohio 
regiment, rising from the ranks to a captaincy, 
but was finally compelled to leave the service in 
consequence of a wound received at Gettysburg. 
In 186.5 he settled at Jiattoon, 111., where he was 
admitted to the bar in 1868. In 1870 he was an 
unsuccessful candidate for the Legislature on the 
Republican ticket, but was elected State Senator 
in 1880, serving four years and proving liimself 
one of the ablest speakers on the floor. In 1888 
he was chosen a delegate-at-large to the National 
Republican Convention, and has long been a con- 
spicuous figure in State politics. In 1896 he was 
a prominent candidate for the Republican nomi- 
nation for Governor. 

CLARK, John 31., civil engineer and merchant, 
was born at White Pigeon, Mich., August 1, 1836; 
came to Chicago witli his widowed mother in 
1847, and, after five years in the Chicago schools, 
served for a time (1852) as a rodman on the Illi- 
nois Central Railroad. After a course in the 
Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute at Troy, N. Y., 
where he graduated in 1856, he returned to the 
service of the Illinois Central. In 1859 he went to 
Colorado, where he was one of the original 
founders of the city of Denver, and chief engi- 
neer of its first water supply companj'. In 1863 
he started on a surveying expedition to Arizona, 
but was in Santa Fe when that place was captured 
by a rebel expedition from Texas; was also 
present soon after at the battle of Apache Canon, 
when the Confederates, being defeated, were 
driven out of the Territory. Returning to C'lii- 
cago in 1864, he became a member of the whole- 
sale leather firm of Gray, Clark & Co. The 
official positions held by Mr. Clark include those 
of Alderman (1879-81), Member of the Board of 
Education, Collector of Customs, to which he 
was appointed by President Harrison, in 1889, 
and President of the Chicago Civil Service Board 
by appointment of Mayor Swift, under an act 
passed by the Legislature of 1895, retiring in 1897. 
In 1881 he was the Republican candidate for JIayor 
of Chicago, but was defeated by Carter H. Harri- 
son. Mr. Clark is one of the Directors of the Crerar 
Library, named in the will of Mr. Crerar. 



CLARK COUNTY, one of the eastern counties 
of tlie State, south of the middle line and front- 
ing upon the Wabash River; area, 510 square 
miles, and poiiulation (1900), 24,033; named for 
Col. George Rogers Clark. Its organization was 
effected in 1819. Among the earliest pioneers 
were John Bartlett, Abraham Washburn, James 
Wliitlock, James B. Anderson, Stephen Archer 
and Uri Manly. The county-seat is Marshall, the 
site of which was purchased from the Govern- 
ment in 1833 by Gov. Joseph Duncan and Col. 
William B. Archer, the latter becoming sole pro- 
prietor in 1835, in which year the first log cabin 
was built. The original county-seat was Darwin, 
and the change to IMarshall (in 1849) was made 
only after a hard struggle. The soil of the 
county is rich, and its agricultural products 
varied, embracing corn (the chief staple), oats, 
potatoes, winter wheat, butter, sorghum, honey, 
maple sugar, wool and pork. Woolen, flouring 
and lumber mills exist, but the manufacturing 
interests are not extensive. Among the promi- 
nent towns, besides Marshall and Darwin, are 
Casey (population 844), Martinsville (779), West- 
field (510), and York (294). 

CLAY, Porter, clergyman and brother of the 
celebrated Henry Clay, was born in Virginia, 
March, 1779; in early life removed to Kentucky, 
studied law, and was, for a time, Auditor of 
Public Accounts in that State; in 1815, was con- 
verted and gave himself to the Baptist ministry, 
locating at Jacksonville, 111., where he spent 
most of his life. Died, in 18.50. 

CLAY CITY, a village of Clay County, on the 
Baltimore & Ohio Southwestern Railroad, 12 
miles west of Olney ; has one newspaper, a bank, 
and is in a grain and fruit-growing region. 
Population (1890), 613; (1900), 907; (1903), 1,020. 

CLAY COUNTY, situated in the southeastern 
quarter of the State ; has an area of 470 square 
miles and a population (1900) of 19,553. It was 
named for Henry Clay. The first claim in the 
county was entered by a Mr. Elliot, in 1818, and 
soon after settlers began to locate homes in tlie 
county, although it was not organized until 1824. 
During the same year the pioneer settlement of 
Maysville was made the county-seat, but immi- 
gration continued inactive until 1837, when 
many settlers arrived, headed by Judges Apper- 
son and Hopkins and Messrs. Stanford and Lee, 
who were soon followed by the families of Coch- 
ran, McCuUom and Tender. The Little Wabash 
River and a number of small tributaries drain 
the county. A light-colored sandj- loam consti- 
tutes the greater part of the soil, although "black 



IIISTOmCAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



107 



prairie loam" appears here and there. Railroad 
facilities are limited, but sufficient to accommo- 
date the countj-'s requirements. Fruits, 
especially apples, are successfully cultivated. 
Educational advantages are fair, although largely 
confined to district schools and academies in 
larger towns. Louisville was made the county- 
seat in 18-1-.3, and, in 1S!)0, had a population of 
637. Xenia an<l Flora are the most important 
towns. 

CLAYTON, a town in Adams County, on the 
Wabash Railway, 28 miles east-northeast of 
Quincy. A branch of the Wabash Railway ex- 
tends from this point northwest to Carthage, III., 
and Keokuk, Iowa, and another branch to 
Quincy, 111. The industries include flour and feed 
mills, machine an<l railroad repair shops, grain 
elevator, cigar and harness factories. It has a 
bank, four churches, a high school, and a weekly 
newspaper. Population (1890), 1,038; (1900), 996. 

CLE.VVER, AVilliani, pioneer, was born in Lon- 
don, England, in I81o; came to Canada with his 
parents in 1831, and to Chicago in 1834; engaged 
in business as a chandler, later going into the 
grocery trade ; in 1849, joined the gold-seekers in 
California, and, six years afterwards, established 
himself in the southern part of the present city 
of Chicago, then called Cleaverville, where he 
served as Postmaster and managed a general 
store. He was the owner of considerable real 
estate at one time iji wliat is now a densely 
l)opulated part of the city of Chicago. Died in 
Chicago, Nov. 13, 1896. 

CLEMENTS, Isaac, ex-Congressman and Gov- 
ernor of Soldiers" and Sailors' Home at Danville, 
111., was born in Franklin County, Ind., in 183T; 
graduated from Asbury University, at Green- 
ca.stle, in IBM, having supported himself during 
his college course by teaching. After reading 
law and being admitted to the bar at Greencastle, 
lie removed to Carbondale. 111., where he again 
found it necessary to resort to teaching in order 
to purchase law-books. In Julj', 1861, he enlisted 
in the Ninth Illinois Infantry, and was commis- 
sioned Second Lieutenant of Company G. He 
was in the service for three years, was three 
times wounded and twice promoted "for meri- 
torious service." In June, 1867. he was ap- 
pointed Register in Bankruptcy, and from 1873 
to IS"> w:vs a Republican Representative in the 
Forty-third Congre.ss from the (then) Eighteenth 
District. He was also a member of the Repub- 
lican State Convention of 1880. In 1889, he 
liecame Pension Agent for the District of Illinois, 
by appointment of President Harrison, serving 



until 1893. In the latter part of 1898, he was 
ajipoiiited Superintondent of the Soldiers' 
■ Orplians' Home, at Normal, but served only a 
few months, when he accepted the position of 
Governor of the new SoUliers' and Sailors' Home, 
at Danville. 

CLEVELAND, CIXCIXNATI, CHICAGO & ST. 
LOUIS RAILWAY. The total length of this sys- 
tem (1898) is 1,807.34 miles, of which 478.39 miles 
are operated in Illinois. That portion of the main 
line lying within the State extends from East St. 
Louis, northeast to the Indiana State line, 181 
miles. The Comjiany is also the lessee of the 
Peoria & Eastern Railroad (132 miles), and ojier- 
ates, in addition, other lines, as follows: Tlie 
Cairo Division, extending from Tilton, on the 
line of the Wabash, 3 miles southwest of Dan- 
ville, to Cairo (259 miles)- the Chicago Division, 
e.\tending from Kankakee southeast to the 
Indiana State line (34 miles) ; the Alton Branch, 
from Wann Junction, on the main Line, to Alton 
(4 miles). Besides these, it enjoys with the Chi- 
cago, Burlington & Quincy Railroad, joint owner- 
ship of the Kankakee & Seneca Railroad, which 
it operates. The system is uniformly of standard 
gauge, and about 280 miles are of double track. 
It is laid with heavy steel rails (sixty-five, sixty- 
seven and eighty pounds), laid on white oak ties, 
and is amply ballasted witli broken stone and 
gravel. Extensive rejiair shops are located at 
JIattoon. The total capital of the entire system 
on June 30, 1898 — including capital stock and 
bonded and floating debt — was §97,149,361. The 
total earnings in Illinois for the year were 
§3,773,193, and the total exijenditures in the State 
$3,611,437. The taxes paid the same year were 
§124,196. The history of this system, so far as 
Illinois is concerned, begins with the consolida- 
tion, in 1889, of the Cincinnati. Indianapolis. St. 
Louis & Chicago, the Cleveland, Columbus, Cin- 
cinnati & Indianapolis, and the Indianapolis & 
St. Louis Railway Companies. In 1890, certain 
leased lines in Illinois (elsewhere mentioned) 
were merged into the system. (For history of 
the several divisions of this system, see St. Louis, 
Alton d- Terre Haute, Peoria & Eastern, Cairo 
& Vincennes, and Kankakee d- Seneca Railroads.) 
CLIM.VTOL0(«Y. Extending, as it does, through 
six degrees of latitude, Illinois affords a great 
diversitj' of climate, as regards not only the 
range of temperature, but also the amount of 
rainfall. In both particulars it exhibits several 
points of contrast to States lying between the 
same parallels of latitude, but nearer the Atlan- 
tic. The same statement applies, as well, to all 



108 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



the North Central and the Western States. 
Warm winds from the Gulf of Mexico come up 
the Mississippi Valley, and impart to vegetation 
in the southern portion of the State, a stimulat- 
ing influence which is not felt upon the seaboard. 
On the other hand, there is no great barrier to 
the descent of the Arctic winds, which, in 
winter, sweep down toward the Gulf, depressing 
the temperature to a point lower than is custom- 
ary nearer the seaboard on the same latitude. 
Lake Michigan exerts no little influence upon the 
climate of Cliicago and other adjacent di.stricts, 
mitigating both summer heat and winter cold. 
If a comparison be instituted between Ottawa 
and Boston — the latter being one degree farther 
north, but 570 feet nearer the sea-level — the 
springs and summers are found to be about five 
degrees warmer, and the winters three degrees 
colder, at the former point. In comparing the 
East and West in respect of rainfall, it is seen 
that, in the former section, the same is pretty 
equally distributed over the four seasons, while 
in the latter, spring and summer may be called 
the wet season, and autumn and winter the dry. 
In the extreme West nearly three-fourths of the 
yearly precipitation occurs dming the growing 
season. This i^ a climatic condition highly 
favorable to the growth of grasses, etc., but 
detrimental to the growth of trees. Hence we 
find luxuriant forests near the seaboard, and, in 
the interior, grassy plains. Illinois occupies a 
geographical position where these great climatic 
changes begin to manifest themselves, and wliere 
the distinctive features of the prairie first become 
fully apparent. The annual precipitation of 
rain is greatest in the southern part of the State, 
but, owing to the higher temperature of that 
section, the evaporation is also more rapid. The 
distribution of the rainfall in respect of seasons 
is also more unequal toward the south, a fact 
which may account, in part at least, for the 
increased area of woodlands in that region. 
WhUe Illinois lies within the zone of southwest 
winds, their flow is affected by conditions some- 
what abnormal. The northeast trades, after 
entering the Gulf, are deflected by the mountains 
of Mexico, becoming inward breezes in TeXas, 
southerly winds in the Lower Jlississippi Valley, 
and southwesterly as they enter the Upper 
Valley. It is to this aerial current that the hot, 
moist summers are attributable. ' The north and 
northwest winds, which set in with the change 
of the season, depress the temperatirre to a point 
below that of the Atlantic slope, and are 
attended with a diminished precipitation. 



CLIMOX, the county-seat of De Witt County, 
situated 23 miles south of Bloomington, at inter- 
section of the Springfield and the Cliampaign- 
Havana Divisions with the main line of the Illinois 
Central Railroad ; lies in a productive agricultural 
region; has machine shops, flour and planing 
mills, brick and tile works, water works, electric 
lighting plant, piano-case factory, banks, three 
newspapers, six churches, and two public schools. 
Population (1890), 3,598; (1900), 4,452. 

CLINTON COUNTY, organized in 1824, from 
portions of Washington, Bond and Fayette Coun- 
ties, and named in honor of De Witt Clinton. It 
is situated directly east of St. Louis, has an area 
of 494 square miles, and a population (1900) of 
19,824. It is drained by the Kaskaskia River and 
by Shoal, Crooked, Sugar and Beaver Creeks. Its 
geological formation is similar to that of other 
counties in the same section. Thick layers of 
limestone lie near the surface, with coal seams 
underlying the same at varying depths. The 
soil is varied, being at some points black and 
loamy and at others (under timber) decidedly 
claj'ey. The timber has been mainly cut for fuel 
because of the inherent difficulties attending 
coal-mining. Two railroads cross the county 
from east to west, but its trade is not important. 
Agriculture is the chief occupation, corn, wheat 
and oats being the staple products. 

CLOUD, Newton, clergj-man and legislator, 
was born in North Carolina, in 1805, and, in 1827, 
settled in the vicinity of Waverly, Morgan 
County, 111., where he pursued the vocation of a 
farmer, as well as a preacher of the Methodist 
Church. He also became prominent as a Demo- 
cratic politician, and served in no less than nine 
sessions of the General Assembly, besides the 
Constitutional Convention of 1847, of which he 
was chosen President. He was first elected 
Representative in the Seventh Asserablj- (1830), 
and afterwards served in the House during the 
sessions of the Ninth, Tenth, Eleventh, Thir- 
teenth, Fifteenth and Twenty-seventh, and as 
Senator in the Sixteenth and Seventeenth. He 
was also Clerk of the House in 1844-45, and, 
having been elected Representative two j-ears 
later, was chosen Speaker at the succeeding ses- 
sion. Although not noted for anj' specially 
aggressive qualities, his consistency of character 
won for him general respect, while his frequent 
elections to the Legislature prove him to have 
been a man of large influence. 

CLOWRY, Robert C, Telegraph Managar, was 
born in 1838 ; entered the service of the Illinois & 
Mississippi Telegraph Company as a messenger 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



109 



boy at Joliet in 1853, became manager of the 
office at Lockport six montlis later, at Springfield 
in 1853. and chief operator at St. Louis in 1854. 
Between 1859 and '03, he held highly responsible 
positions on various Western lines, but the latter 
year was commissioned bj- President Lincoln 
Captain and Assistant Quartermaster, and placed 
in charge of United States military lines with 
headcjuarters at Little Rock, Ark. ; was mustered 
out in May, 1866, and immediately appointed 
District Superintendent of Western Union lines 
in the Soutliwest. From that time his promotion 
was steady and rapid. In 1875 he became 
Assistant General Superintendent ; in 18T8, Assist- 
ant General Superintendent of the Central Divi- 
sion at Chicago; in 1880, succeeded General 
Stager as General Superintendent, and, in 1885, 
was elected Director, member of the Execu- 
tive Committee and Vice-President, liis terri- 
tory extending from the Atlantic to the 
Pacific. 

COAL AND COAL-MIXIJfG. Illinois contains 
much the larger portion of wiiat is known as the 
central coal field, covering an area of about 
37.000 square miles, and underl3'ing sixty coun- 
ties, in but forty-five of which, however, opera- 
tions are conducted on a commercial scale. The 
Illinois field contains fifteen distinct seams. 
Those available for commercial mining generally 
lie at considerable depth and are reached by 
shafts. The coals are all bituminous, and furnish 
an excellent steam-making fuel. Coke is manu- 
factured to a limited extent in La Salle and some 
of the soutliern counties, but elsewhere in the 
State the coal does not yield a good marketable 
coke. Xeitlier is it in any degree a good gas 
coal, although used in some localities for that 
l)urpose, ratlier because of its abundance than on 
account of its ailaptability. It is thought that, 
with the increase of cheap transportation facili- 
ties, Pittsburg coal will be brought into the State 
in such quantities as eventually to exclude local 
coal from tlie manufacture of gas. In the report 
of the Eleventh United States Census, the total 
product of the Illinois coal mines was given as 
12,104,272 tons, as against 6,115,377 tons reported 
by the Tenth Census. The value (jf the output 
was estimated at $11,735,203, or §0.97 per ton at 
the mines. The total number of mines was 
stated to be 1,072, and the number of tons mined 
was nearly equal to the combined yield of the 
mines of Oliio and Indiana. The mines are 
divided into two classes, technically known as 
"regular" and "local." Of the former, there 
were 358, and of the latter, 714. These 358 regular 



mine* employed 23,934 men and boys, of whom 
21,350 worked below ground, besides an office 
force of 389, and paid, in wages, $8,694,397. The 
total capital invested in these 358 mines was 
$17,630,351. According to the report of the State 
Bureau of Labor Statistics for 1898, 881 mines 
were operated during the year, employing 35,026 
men and producing 18,599,299 tons of coal, wliicli 
was 1,473,459 tons less than the preceding year — 
the reduction being due to the strike of 1897. 
Five counties of the State produced more tlian 
1,000,000 tons each, standing in the following 
order: Sangamon, 1,763,863; St. Clair, 1,600,752; 
Vermilion, 1,520,099; Macoupin, 1,264,926; La 
Salle, 1,165,490. 

COAL CITY, a town in Grundy County, on the 
Chicago, Rock Island & Pacific Railway, 29 miles 
by rail south-southwest of Joliet. Large coal 
mines are operated here, and the town is an im- 
portant shipping point for tlieir product. It has a 
bank, a weekly newspaper and five churches. 
Pop. (1890), 1,672; (1900), 2.607; (1903), about 3,000. 

COBB, Emery, capitalist, was born at Dryden, 
Tompkins County, N. Y., August 20, 1831; at 16, 
began the study of telegraphy at Ithaca, later 
acted as operator on Western New York lines, 
but, in 1852, became manager of the office at 
Chicago, continuing until 1865, the various com- 
panies having meanwhile been consolidated into 
the Western Union. He then made an extensive 
tour of the world, and, although he had intro- 
duced the system of transmitting money by 
telegraph, he declined all invitations to return to 
the key-board. Having made large investments 
in lands about Kankakee, where lie now resides, 
he has devoted much of his time to agriculture 
and stock-raising; was also, for many years, a 
member of the State Board of Agriculture, Presi- 
dent of the Short-Horn Breeders' Association, 
and, for twenty years (1873-93), a member of the 
Board of Trustees of the University of Illinois. 
He has done much to improve the city of his 
adoption by the erection of buildings, the con- 
struction of electric street-car lines and the 
promotion of manufactures. 

COBB, Silas B., pioneer and real-estate opera- 
tor, was l«)rn at Montpelier, Vt., Jan. 23, 1812; 
came to Chicago in 1833 on a schooner from Buf- 
falo, the voyage occupying over a month. Being 
without means, he engaged as a carpenter upon a 
building which James Kinzie, the Indian trader, 
was erecting; later he erected a building of his 
own in wliich he started a harness-shop, which 
he conducted succe.ssfuUy for a number of years. 
He has since been connected with a number 



110 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



of business enterprises of a public character, 
including banks, street and steam railways, but 
his largest successes have been achieved in the line 
of improved real estate, of which he is an exten- 
sive owner. He is also one of the liberal bene- 
factors of the University of Chicago, "Cobb 
Lecture Hall," on the campus of that institution, 
being the result of a contribution of his amount- 
ing to §150,000. Died in Chicago, April 5, 1900. 

COBDEN, a village in Union County, on the 
Illinois Central Railroad, 42 miles north of Cairo 
and 15 miles south of Carbondale. Fruits and 
vegetables are extensively cultivated and shipped 
to northern markets. Tliis region is well tim- 
bered, and Cobden has two box factories emploj-- 
ing a considerable number of men; also has 
several churches, schools and two weekly papers. 
Population (1890), 994; (1900,) 1,034. 

COCHRAN, William Granville, legislator and 
jurist, was born in Ross County, Ohio, Nov. 13, 
1844; brought to Moultrie County, 111., in 1849, 
and, at the age of 17, enlisted in the One Hundred 
and Twenty -sixth Regiment Illinois Volunteers, 
serving in the War of the Rebellion three years 
as a private. Returning home from the war, he 
resumed life as a farmer, but early in 1873 began 
merchandising at Lovington, continuing this 
business three years, when he began the study of 
law; in 1879, was admitted to the bar, and has 
since been in active practice. In 1888 he was 
elected to the lower house of the General 
Assembly, was an unsuccessful candidate for the 
Senate in 1890, but was re-elected to the House 
in 1894, and again in 1896. At the special session 
of 1890, he was chosen Speaker, and was similarly 
honored in 1895. He is an excellent parliamen- 
tarian, clear-headed and just in his rulings, and 
an able debater. In June, 1897, he was elected 
for a six years' term to the Circuit bench. He is 
also one of the Trustees of the Soldiers' Orphans' 
Home at Normal. 

CODDIXG, Icliabod, clergyman and anti- 
slavery lecturer, was born at Bristol, N. Y., in 
1811; at the age of 17 he was a popular temper- 
ance lecturer; while a student at Middlebury, 
Vt., began to lecture in opposition to slavery; 
after leaving college served five years as agent 
and lectui'er of the Anti-Slavery Society; was 
often exposed to mob violence, but alwaj-s retain- 
ing his self-control, succeeded in escaping 
serious injury. In 1842 he entered the Congrega- 
tional ministry and held pastorates at Princeton, 
Lockport, Joliet and elsewhere; between 1854 
and "58, lectured extensively through Illinois on 
the Kansas-Nebraska issue, and was a power in 



the organization of the Republican party. Died 
at Baraboo, Wis., June 17, 1866. 

CODY, Hiram Hitchcock, lawyer and Judge; 
born in Oneida County, N. Y., June 11, 1824; was 
partially educated at Hamilton College, and, in 
1843, came with his father to Kendall County, 
lU. In 1847, he removed to Naperville, where 
for six years he served as Clerk of the County 
Commissioners' Court. In 1851 he was admitted 
to the bar; in 18G1, was elected County Judge 
with practical unanimity , ser.ved as a member of 
the Constitutional Convention of 1889-70, and, 
in 1874, was elected Judge of the Twelfth Judi- 
cial Circuit. His residence (1896) was at Pasa- 
dena. Cal. 

COLCHESTER, a city of McDonough County, 
on the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy Raih"oad, 
midway between Galesburg and Quincy ; is the 
center of a rich farming and an extensive coal- 
mining region, producing more than 100.000 tons 
of coal annually. A superior quality of potter's 
clay is also ininea and shi[)ped extensively to 
other points. The city has brick and drain-tile 
works, a bank, four churches, two public schools 
and two weekly papers. Population (1890), 
1,643; (1900), 1,635. 

COLES, Edward, the second Governor of the 
State of Illinois, born in Albemarle County, Va., 
Dec. 15, 1786, the son of a wealthy planter, who 
had been a Colonel in the Revolutionary War ; 
was educated at Hamjjden-Sidney and William 
and Mary Colleges, but compelled to leave before 
graduation by an accident which interrupted his 
studies ; in 1809, became the private secretary of 
President Madison, remaining six years, after 
which he made a trip to Russia as a special mes- 
senger by appointment of the President. He 
early manifested an interest in the emancipation 
of the slaves of Virginia. In 1815 he made his 
first tour through the Northwest Territory, going 
as far west as St. Louis, returning three years 
later and visiting Kaskaskia while the Constitu- 
tional Convention of 1818 was in session. In 
April of the following year he set out from his 
Virginia home, accompanied by his slaves, for 
Illinois, traveling by wagons to Brownsville. Pa., 
where, taking flat-boats, he descended the river 
with his goods and servants to a point below 
Louisville, where they disembarked, journej'ing 
overland to Edwardsville. While descending 
the Ohio, he informed his slaves that they were 
free, and, after arriving at their destination, 
gave to each head of a family 160 acres of land. 
This generous act was, in after years, made the 
ground for bitter persecution by his enemies. At 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



Ill 



Eihvardsville he entered upon the duties of 
Register of the Land Office, to which he ha<l 
been appointed by President Slonroe. In 1823 
he became the candidate for Governor of tliose 
opposed to removing the restriction in the State 
Constitution against the introduction of slavery, 
and, althovigh a majority of the voters then 
favored the measure, lie was elected by a small 
plurality over his highest competitor in conse- 
quence of a division of the opposition vote 
between three candidates. The Legislature 
chosen at the same time submitted to the jieople 
a proposition for a State Convention to revise the 
Constitution, which was rejected at the election 
of 1824 by a majority of 1,668 in a total vote of 
11,612. While Governor Coles had the efficient 
aid in opposition to the measure of such men as 
Judge Samuel D. Lockwooil, Congressman Daniel 
P. Cook, Morris Birkbeck, George Forquer, 
Hooper Warren, George Churchill and others, he 
was himself a most influential factor in protecting 
Illinois from the blight of slaverj-, contributing 
his salary for his entire term ($4,000) to that end. 
In 1825 it became his duty to welcome La Fay- 
ette to Illinois. Retiring from office in 1826, he 
continued to reside some years on his farm near 
Edwardsville, and, in 1830, was a candidate for 
Congress, but being a known opponent of Gen- 
eral Jackson, was defeated by Josei)h Duncan. 
Previous to 1833, he removed to Philadelphia, 
where he married during the following year, and 
continued to reside there until his death, July 7, 
1868, having lived to see the total extinction of 
slavery in the United States. (See Slavery and 
Slave Laws.) 

COLES COUNTY, originally a part of Crawford 
County, but organized in 18;il, and named in 
honor of Gov. Edward Coles.— lies central to the 
eastern portion of the State, and embraces 520 
square miles, with a population (1900) of 34,146. 
The Kaskaskia River (.sometimes called tlie 
Okaw) runs through the northwestern part of tlie 
county, but tlie principal stream is the Embarras 
(Embraw). The chief resource of the people is 
agriculture, altliough the county lies within the 
limits of the Illinois coal belt. To the north and 
west are prairies, while timber abounds in the 
southe.'ist. The largest crop is of corn, although 
wheat, dairy products, potatoes, haj-, tobacco, 
sorghum, wool, etc., are also important products. 
Broom-corn is extensively cultivated. Manufac- 
turing is carried on to a fair extent, the output 
embracing sawed lumber, carriages and wagons, 
agricultural implements, tobacco and snuff, boots 
and shoes, etc. Charleston, the county seat, is 



centrally located, and has a number of handsome 
public buildings, private residences and business 
blocks. It was laid out in 1831, and incorporated 
in 1865; in 1900, its population was 5,488. 
Mattoon is a railroad center, situated some 130 
miles east of St. Louis. It has a population of 
9,622, and is an important shipping point for 
grain and live-stock. Other principal towns are 
Aslunore, Oakland and Lerna. 

COLFAX, a village of McLean County, on the 
Kankakee and Bloomington branch of the Illinois 
Central Railroad, 23 miles northeast of Blooming- 
ton. Farming and stock-growing are the leading 
industries; lias two banks, one newspaper, three 
elevators, and a coal mine. Pop. (1900). 1,153. 

C0LLE(;E of I'HYSICI.iXS .VM) SrR(iEOXS, 
located at Chicago, and organized in 1881. Its 
first term opened in September, 1882, in a l)uild- 
ing erected by the trustees at a cost of $60,000, 
with a faculty embrai'iug twenty-five professors, 
witli a sufTicient corps of demonstrators, assist- 
ants, etc. The number of matriculates was 152. 
Tlie institution ranks among the leading medical 
colleges of the West. Its standard of qualifica- 
tions, for both matriculates and graduates, is 
equal to those of other first-class medical schools 
throughout the country. The teaching faculty, 
of late years, has consisted of some twenty-five 
professors, who ai'e aided by an adequate corps of 
assistants, demonstrators, etc. 

COLLEGES, EARLY. The early Legislatures of 
Illinois manifested no little unfriendliness toward 
colleges. The first charters for institutions of 
this character were granted in 1833, and were for 
the incorporation of the "Union College of Illi- 
nois," in Randolph Countj', and the "Alton Col- 
lego of Illinois," at Upper Alton. The first 
named was to be imder the care of the Scotch 
Covenanters, but was never founded. The 
second was in the interest of the Baptists, but 
the charter was not accepted. Both these acts 
contained jealous and unfriendly restrictions, 
notably one to the eJfect that no theological 
department should be established an<l no pro- 
fessor of theology employed a-s an instructor, nor 
should any religious test be applied in the selec- 
tion of trustees or the admission of pupils. The 
friends of higher education, however, made com- 
mon cause, and. in 1835, .secured the passage of 
an "omnibus bill" incorporating four private 
colleges — the Alton; the Illinois, at Jacksonville; 
tlie McKendree, at Lebanon, and the Jonesboro. 
Similar restrictive provisions as to theological 
teaching were incorporated in these charters, and 
a limitation was placed upon the amount of 



112 



HISTOKICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



property to be owned by any institution, but in 
many respects the law was more liberal than its 
predecessors of two years previous. Owing to 
the absence of suitable preparatory schools, these 
institutions were compelled to maintain prepara- 
tory departments under the tuition of the college 
professors. The college last named above ( Jones- 
boro) was to have been founded by the Christian 
denomination, but was never organized. The 
three remaining ones stand, in the order of their 
formation, McKendree, Illinois, Alton (afterward 
Shurtleff) ; in the order of graduating initial 
classes — Illinois, McKendree, Shurtleff. Pre- 
paratory instruction began to be given in Illinois 
College in 1829, and a class was organized in the 
collegiate department in 1831. The Legislature 
of 1835 also incorporated the Jacksonville Female 
Academy, the first school for girls chartered in 
the State. From this time forward colleges and 
academies were incorporated in rapid succession, 
many of theni at places whose names have long 
since disappeared from the map of the State. It 
was at this time that there developed a strong 
party in favor of founding what were termed, 
rather euphemistically, "Manual Labor Col- 
leges." It was believed that the time which a 
student might be able to "redeem" from stud}', 
could be so profitably employed at farm or shop- 
work as to enable him to earn his own livelihood. 
Acting upon this theory, the Legislature of 1835 
granted charters to the "Franklin JIanual Labor 
College," to be located in either Cook or La Salle 
County; to the "Burnt Prairie Manual Labor 
Seminary," in White County, and the "Chatham 
Manual Labor School," at Lick Prairie, Sanga- 
mon Count}-. University powers were conferred 
upon the institution last named, and its charter 
also contained the somewhat extraordinary pro- 
vision that any sect might establish a professor- 
ship of theolog}' therein. In 1837 six more 
colleges were incorporated, only one of which 
(Knox) was successfully organized. By 1840, 
better and broader viows of education had 
developed, and the Legislature of 1841 repealed 
all prohibition of the establishing of theological 
departments, as well as the restrictions previously 
imposed upon the amount and value of property 
to be owned by private educational institutions. 
The whole number of colleges and seminaries 
incorporated under the State law (1896) is forty- 
three. (See also Illinois College, Knox College, 
Lake Forest University, McKendree College, Mon- 
mouth College, Jaeksonville Female Semiiiary, 
Montieello Female Seminary, Northwestern Uni- 
versity, Shurtleff College. ) 



COLLIER, Robert Laird, clergyman, was bom 
in Salisbury, Md., August 7, 1837; graduated at 
Boston University, 1858; soon after became an 
itinerant Methodist minister, but, in 1866, united 
with the Unitarian Church and officiated as 
pastor of churches in Chicago, Boston and Kan- 
sas City, basides supplying pulpits in various 
cities in England (1880-85). In 1885, he was 
appointed United States Consul at Leipsic, but 
later served as a special commissioner of the 
Johns Hopkins University in the collection of 
labor statistics in Europe, meanwhile gaining a 
wide reputation as a lecturer and magazine 
writer. His published works include: "Every- 
Day Subjects in Sunday Sermons" (1869) and 
"Meditations on the Essence of Christianity'' 
(1876). Died near iiis birthplace, July 27, 1890. 

COLLINS, Frederick, manufacturer, was born 
in Connecticut, Feb. 24, 1804. He was the young- 
est of five brothers who came with their parents 
from Litchfield, Conn , to Illinois, in 1823, and 
settled in the town of Unionville — now Collins- 
ville — in the southwestern part of Madison 
County. They were enterprising and public- 
spirited business men, who engaged, quite 
extensively for the time, in various branches of 
manufacture, including flour and whisky. This 
was an era of progress and develojiment, and 
becoming convinced of the injurious character 
of the latter branch of their business, it was 
promptly abandoned. The subject of this sketch 
was later associated with his brother Michael in 
the pork-packing and grain business at Naples, 
the early Illinois River terminus of the Sangamoq 
& Slorgan (now AVabash) Railroad, but finally 
located at Quincy in 1831, where he was engaged 
in manufacturing business for many years. He 
was a man of high business probity and religious 
principle, as well as a determined opponent of the 
institution of slavery, as shown by the fact that 
he was once subjected by his neighbors to the 
intended indignity of being hung in effigy for the 
crime of assisting a fugitive female slave on the 
road to freedom. In a speech made in 1834, in 
commemoration of the act of emancipation in the 
West Indies, he gave utterance to the following 
prediction : "Methinks the time is not far distant 
when our own country will celebrate a day of 
emancipation within her own borders, and con- 
sistent songs of freedom shall indeed ring 
throughout the length and breadth of the land." 
He lived to see this prophecy fulfilled, dying at 
Quincy, in 1878. Mr. Collins was the candidate of 
the Liberty Men of Illinois for Lieutenant-Gov- 
ernor in 1842. 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



113 



COLLIXS, James H,, lawyer and jurist, was 
l)orn ill Cambridge. Washington County, N. Y., 
but taken in early life to Vernon, Oneida County, 
where he grew to manhood. After spending a 
couple of years in an academy, at the age of 18 
lie began the study of law, was admitted to tlie 
bar in 1824, and as a counsellor and solicitor in 
1827, coming to Chicago in the fall of 1833, mak- 
ing a part of the journey by the first stage-coach 
from Detroit to tlie present Western metropolis. 
After arriving in Illinois, lie .spent some time in 
exploration of the surrounding country, but 
returning to Cliicago in 1834. he entered into 
partnershi]) with Judge John D. Caton, who had 
been his preceptor in New York, still later beiiig 
a partner of Justin Butterfield under the firm 
name of Butterfield & Collins. He was con- 
sidered an eminent authority in law and gained 
an extensive practice, being regarded as espe- 
cially strong in chancery cases as well as an able 
pleader. Politically, he was an uncompromising 
anti-slavery man, and often aided runaway 
slaves in securing their liberty or defended others 
who did so. He was also one of the original 
promoters of the old Galena & Chicago Union 
Railroad and one of its first Board of Directors. 
Died, suddenly of cholera, while attending court 
at Ottawa, in 18,54. 

COLLINS, Loren C, jurist, was bom at Wind- 
sor, Conn., August 1, 1848; at the age of 18 
accompanied his family to Illinois, and was 
educated at the Northwestern University. He 
read law, was admitted to the bar, and soon 
built up a remunerative practice. He was 
elected to the Legislature in 1878, and through 
his ability as a debater and a parliamentarian, 
soon became one of the leaders of his party on 
the floor of the lower hou.se. He was re-elected 
in 1880 and 1882, and, in 1883. was cho.sen Speaker 
of the Thirty-third General Assembly. In 
December, 1884, he w;is appointed a Judge of the 
Circuit Court of Cook County, to fill tlie vacancy 
created by the resignation of Judge Barnum. was 
elected to succeed liimself in 1885, and re-elected 
in 1891, but resigned in 1804, since that time 
devoting his attention to regular practice in the 
city of Chicago. 

COLLIXS, William H., retired manufacturer, 
born at Collinsville, 111., March 20, 1831; was 
educated in the common schools and at Illinois 
College, later taking a course . in literature, 
philosophy and theology at Yale College; served 
as pastor of a Congregational church at La Salle 
several years; in 18.")8, became editor and propri- 
etor of "The Jacksonville Journal," which he 



conducted some four years. The Civil War hav- 
ing begun, lie then accepted the chaplaincy of 
the Tenth Regiment Illinois Volunteers, but 
resigning in 18G3, organized a company of the 
One Hundred and Fourth Volunteers, of wliicli 
he was chosen Captain, participating in the 
battles of Cliickamauga, Lookout Mountain and 
Missionary Ridge. Later he served oil the staff 
of Gen. Jolin M. Palmer and at Fourteenth Army 
Corps headquarters, until after the fall of 
Atlanta. Then resigning, in November, 1804, he 
was appointed by Secretary Stanton Provost- 
Marshal for the Twelfth District of Illinois, con- 
tinuing in this service until the close of 18G.5, 
when he engaged in the m.anufacturing business 
as head of the Collins Plow Company at Quincy. 
This business he conducted successfully some 
twenty-five years, when he retired. Mr. Collins 
has served as Alderman and JIayor, arl interim, 
of the city of Quincy; Repre.sentative in the 
Tliirty-fourth and Thirty-fifth General Assem- 
blies — during the latter being chosen to deliver 
the eulogy on Gen. John A. Logan; was a promi- 
nent candidate for the nomination for Lieutenant 
Governor in 1888, and the same year Republican 
candidate for Congress in the Quincy District; 
in 1894, was the Republican nominee for State 
Senator in Adams County, and, though a Repub- 
lican, has been twice elected Supervisor in a 
strongly Democratic city. 

COLLINSVILLE, a city on the southern border 
of Madison County, 13 miles (by rail) east-north- 
east of St. Louis, on tiie "Vandalia Line" (T H. 
& I. Ry.), about 11 miles south of Edwardsville. 
The place was originally settled in 1817 by four 
brothers named Collins from Litchfield, Conn., 
who established a tan-3'ard and erected an ox-mill 
for grinding corn and wheat and sawing lumber 
The town was platted liy surviving members of 
this family in 1836. Coal-mining is the principal 
industry, and one or two mines are operated 
within the corporate limits. The city has zinc 
works, as well as flour mills and brick and tile 
factories, two building and loan associations, a 
lead smelter, stock bell factory, electric street 
railways, seven churches, two banks, a high 
school, and a newspaper office. Population 
(1890), 3,498; (1900), 4,021; (1903, est.), 7,500. 

COLLYER, Robert, clergyman, was bom at 
Keighly, Yorkshire, England, Dec. 8, 1823; left 
scliool at eight years of age to earn his living in 
a factory; at fourteen was apprenticed to a black- 
smith and learned the trade of a hammer-maker. 
His only opportunity of acquiring an education 
during this period, apart from private study, was 



114 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



in a night-soliool, which he attended two winters. 
In 1849 he became a local Jlethodist preacher, 
came to the United States the next year, settling 
in Pennsylvania, where he pursued his trade, 
preaching on Sundays. His views on the atone- 
ment having gradually been changed towards 
Unitarianism, his license to preach was revoked 
by the conference, and, in 1859, he united with 
the Unitarian Church, having already won a 
wide reputation as an eloquent public speaker. 
Coming to Chicago, he began work as a mission- 
ary, and, in 18G0, organized the Unity Cliurch, 
beginning with seven members, though it has 
since become one of the strongest and most influ- 
ential churches in the city. In 1879 he accepted 
a call to a church in New York City, where he 
still remains. Of strong anti-slavery views and 
a zealous Unionist, he served during a part of the 
Civil War as a camp inspector for the Sanitary 
Commission. Since the war he has repeatedly 
visited England, and has exerted a wide influence 
as a lecturer and pulpit orator on both sides of 
the Atlantic. He is the author of a number of 
volumes, including "Nature and Life" (1860); 
"A Man in Earnest: Life of A. H. Conant" (1808); 
"A History of the Town and Parish of likely" 
(188G), and "Lectures to Young Men and Women" 
(188G). 

COLTOX, Cliauncey Sill, pioneer, was born at 
Springfield, Pa., Sept. 21, 1800; taken to Massachu- 
setts in childhood and educated at Monson in that 
State, afterwards residing for manj^ years, dur- 
ing his manhood, at Monson, Maine. He came to 
Illinois in 1836, locating on the site of the present 
city of Galesburg, where he built the first store 
and dwelling house; continued in general mer- 
chandise some seventeen or eighteen years, mean- 
while associating his sons with him in business 
under the firm name of C. S. Colton & Sons. Mr. 
Colton was associated with the construction of 
the Cliicago, Burlington & Quincy Railroad from 
the beginning, becoming one of the Directors of 
the Company; was also a Director of the First 
National Bank of Galesburg, the first organizer 
and first President of the Farmers' and Mechan- 
ics' Bank of that city, and one of the Trustees of 
Knox College. Died in Galesburg, July 37, 1885. 
— Francis (Colton), son of the preceding; born 
at IMonson, Maine, May 24, 1834, came to Gales- 
burg with his father's family in 1836, and was 
educated at Knox College, graduating in 1855, 
and receiving the degree of A.M. in 1858. After 
graduation, he was in partnership with his father 
some seven years, also served as Vice-President 
of the First National Bank of Galesburg, and, in 



1866, was appointed by President Johnson United 
States Consul at Venice, remaining there until 
1869. The latter year he became the General 
Passenger Agent of the Union Pacific Railroad, 
continuing in that position until 1871, meantime 
visiting China, Japan and India, and establishing 
agencies for the Union and Central Pacific Rail- 
ways in various countries of Europe. In 1873 he 
succeeded his father as President of the Farmers' 
and Mechanics' Bank of Galesburg, but retired in 
1884, and the same j'ear removed to Washington, 
D. C, where he has since resided. Mr. Colton is 
a large land owner in some of the Western States, 
especially TCansas and Nebraska. 

COLUMBI.l, a town of Moni'oe County, on 
Mobile & Ohio Railroad, 15 miles south of St. 
Louis; has a machine shop, large flour mill, 
brewery, five cigar factories, electric light plant, 
telephone system, stone quarry, five churches, 
and public school. Pop. (1900), 1,197; (1903), 1,305. 

COMP.VXY OF THE WEST, THE, a company 
formed in France, in August, 1717, to develop 
the resources of "New France," in which the 
"Illinois Country" was at that time included. 
At the head of the company was the celebrated 
John Law, and to him and his associates the 
French monarch granted extraordinary powers, 
both governmental and commercial. They were 
given the exclusive right to refine the precious 
metals, as well as a monopoly in the trade in 
tobacco and slaves. Later, the company became 
known as the Indies, or East Indies, Company, 
owing to the king having granted them conces- 
sions to trade with the East Indies and China. 
On Sept. 27, 1717, the Royal Council of France 
declared that the Illinois Country should form a 
part of the Province of Louisiana ; and, under the 
shrewd management of Law and his as.sociates, 
immigration soon increased, as many as 800 
settlers arriving in a single year. The directors 
of the company, in the exercise of their govern- 
mental powers, appointed Pierre Duque de Bois- 
briant Governor of the Illinois District. He 
proceeded to Kaskaskia, and, within a few miles 
of that settlement, erected Fort Chartres. (See 
Fort Chartres. ) The policy of the Indies Company 
was energetic, and, in the main, wise. Grants of 
commons were made to various French villages, 
and Cahokia and Kaskaskia steadily grew in size 
and population. Permanent settlers were given 
grants of land and agriculture was encouraged. 
These grants (which were allodial in their char- 
acter) covered nearly all the lands in that part of 
the American Bottom, lying between the Missis- 
sippi and the Kaskaskia Rivers. Many grantees 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



115 



held their lands in one gre<it common field, each 
proprietor contributing, pro rata, to the niainte^ 
nance of a surrounding fence. In 1721 the Indies 
Company divided the Province of Louisiana into 
nine civil and military districts. That of Illinois 
was numerically tlic Seventh, and included not 
only the southern half of the existing State, but 
also an immense tract west of the Mississippi, 
extending to the Rocky fountains, and embrac- 
ing the present States of Mis.souri, Kansas, Iowa 
and Nebraska, besides portions of Arkansas and 
Colorado. The Commandant, with his secretary 
and the Company's Commissary, formed the 
District Council, the civil law being in force. In 
1T;52, the Indies Company surrendered its charter, 
and thereafter, the Governors of Illinois were 
appointed directly liy the French crown. 

C0>T0R1)I.V SE.MIX.VRY, an institution lo- 
cated at Springfield, founded in 1879; the succes- 
<;or of an earlier institution under the name of 
Illinois University. Theological, scientific and 
preparatory departments are maintained, al- 
though there is no classical course. The insti- 
tution is under control of the German Lutherans. 
The institution reports S12.j,000 worth of real 
property. The members of the Faculty (1898) 
are five in number, and there were about 171 
students in attendance. 

CONDEE, Leander D., lawyer, was born in 
Athens County, Ohio, Sept. 20, 1847; brought 
by his parents to Coles County, 111., at the age of 
seven years, and received his education in the 
common schools and at St. Paul's Academy, Kan- 
kakee, taking a special course in Michigan State 
University and graduating from the law depart- 
ment of the latter in 1868. He then began prac- 
tice at Butler. Bate.s County, Mo., where he 
served three j'ears as City Attorney, but, in 1873, 
returned to Illinois, locating in Hyde Park (now 
a part of Chicago), where he .served as Citj- 
Attorney for four consecutive terms before its 
annexation to Chicago. In 1880, he was elected 
as a Republican to the State Senate for the 
Second Senatorial District, serving in the Thirtj-- 
second and the Thirty-third General A.ssemblies. 
In 1892. he was the Republican nominee for .Judge 
of the Superior Court of Cook County, but was 
defeated with the National and the State tickets 
of that }-ear. since when he has given his atten- 
tion to regular practice, maintaining a high rank 
in his profession. 

C()\(;ER, EdfTin Hurd, lawyer and diploma- 
tist, wiis bom in Knox County, 111., Marcli 7, 1843; 
graduated at Lombard University, Galesburg, in 
1862, and immediately thereafter enlisted as a 



private in the One Hundred and Second Illinois 
Volunteers, serving through the war and attain- 
ing the rank of Captain, besides being brevetted 
Major for gallant service. Later, he graduated 
from the Albany Law School and practiced for a 
time in Galesburg, but, in 1868, removed to Iowa, 
where he engaged in farming, stock-raising and 
banking; was twice elected County Treasurer of 
Dallas County, and, in 1880, State Treasurer, 
being re-elected in 1882; in 1886, was elected to 
Congress from the Des Jloines District, and twice 
re-elected (1888 and '90), but before the close of 
his last term was appointed by President Harri- 
son Minister to Brazil, serving until 1893. In 
1896, he served as Presidential Elector for the 
State-at-large, and, in 1897, was re-appointed 
Jlinister to Brazil, but, in 1898, was transferred 
to China, where (1899) lie now is. He was suc- 
ceeded at Rio Janeiro by Charles Page Brj'an of 
Illinois. 

CONOREGATIONALISTS, THE. Two Congre- 
gational ministers — Rev. S. J. Mills and Rev. 
Daniel Smith — visited Illinois in 1814, and spent 
some time at Kaskaskia and Shawneetown, but 
left for New Orleans without organizing any 
churches. The first church was organizeil at 
Mendon, Adams County, in 1833, followe<l by 
others during the same year, at Naperville, Jack- 
sonville and Quincy. By 1836, the number had 
increased to ten. Among the pioneer ministers 
were Jabez Porter, who was also a teacher at 
Quincy, in 1828, and Rev. Asa Turner, in 1830, 
who became pastor of the first Quincy church, 
followed later by Revs. Julian JI. Sturtevant 
(afterwards President of Illinois College). Tru- 
man M. Post, Edward Beecher and Horatio FoOi'. 
Other Congregational ministers who came to f'e 
State at an earlj- day were Rev. Salmon Gridlej', 
who finally located at St. Louis; Rev. John M. 
Ellis, who served as a missionary and was instru- 
mental in fourrding Illinois College and the Jack- 
sonville Female Seminary at Jack.sonville ; Revs. 
Thomas Li|)pincott, Cyrus L. Watson, Tlieron 
Baldwin, Elisha Jenney. William Kirby. the two 
Lovejoys (Owen and Elijah P.), ami many more 
of whom, either temporarily or permanently, 
became associated with Presbyterian churches. 
Although Illinois College was under the united 
patronage of Presbyterians and Congregational- 
i.sts, the leading spirits in its original establish- 
ment were Congregationalists, and the same was 
true of Knox College at Galesburg. In 1833, at 
Big Grove, in an unoccupied log-cabin, was 
convened the first Congregational Council, known 
in the denominational history of tlie .State as 



IIG 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



that of Fox River. Since then some twelve to 
fifteen separate Associations have been organized. 
By 1890, the development of the denomination 
had been such that it had 280 churches, support- 
ing 313 ministers, with 33,126 members. During 
that year tlie disbursements on account of chari- 
ties and home extension, by the Illinois churches, 
were nearly .$1,000,000. The Chicago Theological 
Seminary, at Chicago, is a Congregational school 
of divinity, its property holdings being %vorth 
nearly §700,000. "The Advance" (published at 
Chicago) is the chief denominational organ. 
(See also Religious Denominations.) 

CONGRESSIONAL APPORTIONMENT, (See 
Apportionment, Congressional; also Represent- 
atives in Congress. ) 

CONKLING, James Cook, lawyer, was born in 
New York City, Oct. 13, 181G ; graduated at Prince- 
ton College in 1835, and, after studying law and 
being admitted to the bar at Morristown, N. J., in 
1838, removed to Springfield, 111. Here his first 
business partner was Cyrus Walker, an eminent 
and widely known lawyer of his time, while at a 
later period he was associated with Gen. James 
Shields, afterwards a soldier of the Mexican War 
and a United States Senator, at different times, 
from three different States. As an original 
Whig, Mr. Conkling early became associated 
with Abraham Lincoln, whose intimate and 
trusted friend he was through life. It was to 
him that Mr. Lincoln addressed his celebrated 
letter, which, by his special request, Mr. Conk- 
ling read before the great Union mass-meeting at 
Springfield, held, Sept. 3, 1863, now known as the 
"Lincoln-Conkling Letter." Mr. Conkling was 
chosen Mayor of the city of Springfield in 1844, 
and served in the lower branch of the Seven- 
teenth and the Twenty-fifth General Assemblies 
(1851 and 1867). It was largely due to his tactful 
management in the latter, that the first appropri- 
ation was made for the new State Hou.se, which 
established the capital permanently in that city. 
At the Bloomington Convention of 18.")6, where 
the Republican party in Illinois may be said to 
have been formally organized, with Mr. Lincoln 
and three others, he represented Sangamon 
County, served on the Committee on Resolutions, 
and was appointed a member of the State Central 
Committee which conducted the campaign of 
that year. In 1860, and again in 1864, his name 
was on the Republican State ticket for Presiden- 
tial Elector, and, on both occasions, it became his 
duty to cast the electoral vote of Mr. Lincoln's 
own District for him for President. The intimacy 
of personal friendship existing between him and 



Mr. Lincoln was fittingly illustrated by his posi- 
tion for over thirty years as an original member 
of the Lincoln Monument Association. Other 
public positions held by him included those of 
State Agent during the Civil War by appointment 
of Governor Yates, Trustee of the State University 
at Champaign, and of Blackburn University at 
Carlinville, as also that of Postmaster of the city 
of Springfield, to which he was appointed in 1890, 
continuing in office four years. High-minded 
and honorable, of pure personal character and 
strong religious convictions, public-spirited and 
liberal, probably no man did more to promote 
the growth and prosperity of the city of Spring- 
field, during the sixty years of his residence there, 
than he. His death, as a result of old age, 
occurred in that city, March 1, 1899.— Clinton L. 
(Conkling), son of the preceding, was born in 
Springfield, Oct. 16, 1843; graduated at Yale 
College in 1864, studied law with his father, and 
was licensed to practice in the Illinois courts in 
1866, and in the United States courts in 1867. 
After practicing a few years, he turned his atten- 
tion to manufacturing, but, in 1877, resumed 
practice and has proved successful. He has 
devoted much attention of late years to real 
estate business, and has represented large land 
interests in this and other States. For many 
years he was Secretary of the Lincoln Monument 
Association, and has served on the Board of 
County Supervisors, which is the only political 
office he has held. In 1897 he was the Repub- 
lican nominee for Judge of the Springfield Cir- 
cuit, but, although confessedly a man of the 
highest probity and ability, was defeated in a 
district overwhelmingly Democratic. 

CONNOLLY, James Austin, lawyer and Con- 
gressman, was born in Newark, N. J., March 8, 
1843; went with his parents to Ohio in 1850, 
where, in 1858-59, he served as Assistant Clerk of 
the State Senate ; studied law and was admitted 
to the bar in that State in 1861, and soon after 
removed to Illinois; the following year (1862) he 
enlisted as a private soldier in the One Hundred 
and Twenty-third Illinois Volunteers, but was 
successively commissioned as Captain and Major, 
retiring with the rank of brevet Lieutenant- 
Colonel. In 1872 he was elected Representative 
in the State Legislature from Coles County and 
re-elected in 1874; was United States District 
Attorney for the Southern District of Illinois 
from 1876 to 1885, and again from 1889 to 1893: 
in 1886 was appointed and confirmed Solicitor of 
the Treasury, but declined the office ; the same 
year ran as the Republican candidate for Con- 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



117 



gress in the Springfield (then tlie Tliirteentli) 
District in opjKJsition to Wni. JI. Springer, and 
WHS defeated by less tlian 1,000 votes in a district 
usually Democratic by 3,000 majority. Ho 
declined a second nomination in 188S, but, in 1894, 
wiis nominated for a third time (this time for the 
Seventeenth District), and was elected, as he was 
for a second term in 1896. He declined a renomina- 
tion in 1898, returning to the practice of liis pro- 
fession at Springfield at the close of the Fifty-fifth 
Congress. 

rOXSTABLE, Chiirles H., lawyer, was born at 
Chestertown, Md.,July 6, 1817; educated at Belle 
Air Academy and the University of Virginia, 
graduating from the latter in 1838. Then, having 
studied law, he was admitted to the bar, came to 
Illinois earl}- in 1840, locating at Jlount Carmel, 
Wabash County, and, in 1844, was elected to the 
State Senate for the district comi)0.sed of Wabash, 
Edwards and Wayne Counties, serving vmtil 1848. 
He also served as a Delegate in the Constitutional 
Convention *of 1847. Originally a Whig, on the 
dissolution of that party in 1854, he became a 
Democrat; in 18.j6, served as Presidential 
Elector-at-large on the Buchanan ticket and, 
during the Civil War, was a pronounced oppo- 
nent of the ix)licy of the Government in dealing 
with secession. Having removed to Marshall, 
Clark County, in ISryZ, he continued the practice 
of his profession there, but was elected Judge of 
the Circuit Court in 1801, serving until liis death, 
which occurred, Oct. 9, 18G5. While holding 
court at Charleston, in March, 1863, Judge Con- 
stable was arrested because of his release of four 
deserters from the army, and the holding to bail, 
on the charge of kidnaping, of two Union officers 
who had arrested tliem. He was subsequently 
relea,sed by Judge Treat of the United States 
District Court at Springfield, but the affair cul- 
minated in a riot at Charle.ston, on March '22, in 
which four soldiers and three citizens were killed 
outright, and eight persons were wounded. 

CONSTITUTIONAL CONTENTIONS. Illinois 
has had four State Conventions called for the 
purpose of formulating State Constitutions. Of 
these, three— those of 1818, 1847 and 1869-70— 
adopted Constitutions which went into effect, 
while the instrument framed by the Convention 
of 1862 was rejected by the peoi)le. A synoptical 
history of each will be found below: 

Co.NVEXTio.N OF 1818.— lu January, 1818, the 
Territorial Legislature adopted a resolution 
instructing the Delegate in Congress (Hon. 
Nathaniel Pope) to present a petition to Congress 
requesting the passage of an act authorizing the 



people of Illinois Territory to organize a State 
Government. A l)ill to this effect was intro- 
duced, April 7, and became a law, April 18, follow- 
ing. It autliorized the jjeople to frame a 
Constitution and organize a State Government — 
apportioning the Delegates to be elected from 
each of the fifteen counties into which the Ter- 
ritory was then divi<led, naming the first Mon<lay 
of July, following, as the day of election, and tlie 
first Jlonday of August as the time for the meet- 
ing of the Convention. The iict was conditioned 
upon a census of tlie people of the Territory (to 
be ordered by the Legislature), showing a popu- 
lation of not less than 40,000. The census, as 
taken, showed the required population, but, as 
finally corrected, this was reduced to 34,620 — 
being the smallest with which any State was ever 
admitted into the Union. The election took 
place on July 6, 1818, and the Convention assem- 
bled at Kaskaskia on Augu.st 3. It consisted of 
thirty-three members. Of these, a majority were 
farmers of limited education, but with a fair 
portion of hard common-sense. Five of the 
Delegates were lawyers, and these undoubtedly 
wielded a controlling influence. Jesse B. 
Thomas (afterwards one of the first United 
States Senators) presided, and Elias Kent Kane, 
also a later Senator, was among the dominating 
spirits. It has been asserted that to the latter 
should be ascribed whatever new matter was 
incorporated in the instrument, it being copied 
in most of its essential provisions from the Con- 
stitutions of Ohio, Kentucky and Indiana. The 
Convention completed its labors and adjourned, 
August 26, the Constitution was submitted to 
Congress by Delegate John McLean, without the 
formality of ratification by the people, and Illi- 
nois was admitted into the Union as a State by 
resolution of Congress, adopted Dec. 3, 1818. 

Convention of 1847.— An attempt was made in 
1822 to obtain a revision of the Constitution of 
1818, the object of the chief promoters of the 
movement being to secure the incorporation of a 
provision authorizing the admission of slavery 
into Illinois. The passage of a resolution, by the 
necessary two-thirds vote of both Houses of the 
General Assembly, .submitting the proposition to 
a vote of the people, was secured bj- the most 
questionable methoils, at the se.ssion of 1822, but 
after a heated campaign of nearly two years, it 
was rejected at the election of 1824. (See 
Slavet^j and Slave Laws; also Coles, Edward.) 
At the session of 1840-41, another resolution on 
the subject was submitted to the people, but it 
was rejected by the narrow margin of 1,039 



118 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



votes. Again, in 1845, the question was submit- 
ted, and, at tlie election of 1846, was approved. 
The election of delegates occurred, April 19, 1847, 
and the Convention met at Springfield, June 19, 
following. It was composed of 162 members, 
ninety-two of whom were Democrats. The list 
of Delegates embraced the names of many who 
afterwards attained high distinction in public 
affairs, and the boJj', as a whole, was represent- 
ative in character. The Bill of Rights attached 
to the Constitution of 1818 was but little changed 
in its successor, except by a few additions, 
among which was a section disqualifying any 
person who had been concerned in a duel from 
holding office. The earlier Constitution, bow- 
ever, was carefully revised and several important 
changes made. Among these ma}' be mentioned 
tlie following: Limiting the elective franchi.se 
for foreign-born citizens to those who had 
become naturalized ; making the judiciary elect- 
ive; requiring that all State officers be elected 
by the people ; changing the time of the election 
of the Executive, and making him ineligible for 
immediate re-election ; various curtailments of 
the power of the Legislature; imposing a two- 
mill tax for payment of the State debt, and pro- 
viding for the establishment of a sinking fund. 
The Constitution framed was adopted in conven- 
tion, August 31, 1847; ratified by popular vote, 
March 6, 1848, and went into effect, April 1, 1848. 
Convention of 1863. — The proposition for 
holding a tliird Constitutional Convention was 
submitted to vote of the peojjle by the Legislature 
of 18.59, endorsed at the election of 1860, and the 
election of Delegates held in November. 1861. In 
the excitement attendant upon the early events 
of the war, people paid comparatively little 
attention to the choice of its members. It was 
composed of forty-five Democrats, twenty-one 
Republicans, seven "fusionists" and two clas.sed 
as doubtful. The Convention assembled at 
Springfield on Jan. 7, 18G3, and remained in ses- 
sion until March 34, following. It was in many 
respects a remarkable body. The law provi<iing 
for its existence prescribed that the members, 
before proceeding to business, sliould take an 
oath to support the State Constitution. This the 
majority refused to do. Their conception of 
their powers was such that they seriouslj' deliber- 
ated upon electing a United States Senator, 
assumed to make appropriations from tlie State 
treasury, claimed tlie riglit to interfere with 
military affairs, and called upon the (xovernor 
for information concerning claims of the Illinois 
Central Railroad, which the Executive refused to 



lay before them. The instrument drafted pro- 
posed numerous important changes in the organic 
law, and was generally regarded as objectionable. 
It was rejected at an election held, June 17, 1863, 
by a majority of over 16,000 votes. 

Co.vvENTiON OF 1869-70. — The second attempt 
to revise the Constitution of 1848 resulted in 
submission to the people, by the Legislature of 
1867, of a proposition for a Convention, which was 
approved at the election of 1868 by a bare major- 
ity of 704 votes. The election of Delegates was 
provided for at the next session (1869), the elec- 
tion held in November and the Convention 
assembled at Springfield, Dec. 13. Charles 
Hitchcock was chosen President. John Q. Har- 
mon, Secretary, and Daniel Shepard and A. H. 
Swain, First and Second Assistants. There were 
eiglity-five members, of whom forty-four were 
Republicatis and forty-one Democrats, although 
fifteen had been elected nominally as "Independ- 
ents." It was an assemblage of some of tlie 
ablest men of the State, including representatives 
of all the learned professions except tlie clerical, 
besides merchants, farmers, bankers and journal- 
ists. Its work was completed May 13, 1870, and 
in the main good. Some of the principal changes 
made in the fundamental law, as proposed by the 
Convention, were the following: The prohibi 
tion of special legislation where a general law 
may be made to cover the necessities of the case, 
and the absolute prohibition of such legislation 
in reference to divorces, lotteries and a score of 
other matters ; prohibition of the passage of any 
law releasing any civil division (district, county, 
city, township or town) from the payment of its 
just proportion of an}' State tax ; recommenda- 
tions to the Legislature to enact laws upon 
certain specified subjects, such as liberal home- 
stead and exemption rights, the construction of 
drains, the regulation of charges on railways 
(which were declared to be public highways), 
etc., etc. ; declaring all elevators and storehouses 
public warehouses, and providing for tlieir legis- 
lative inspection and supervision. The mainte- 
nance of an "efficient system of public scliools" 
was made obligatory upon the Legislature, and 
the appropriation of any funds — State, municipal, 
town or district — to the support of sectarian 
schools was prohibited. The principle of cumu 
lative voting, or "minority representation," in 
the choice of members of the House of Represent- 
atives was provided for, and additional safe 
guards thrown around the passage of bills. Tlie 
ineligibility of the Governor to re-election for a 
second consecutive term was set aside, and a 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



119 



two-thirds vote of the Legislature made necessary 
to override an exefutive veto. The list of State 
officers was increased hy the creation of the 
offices of Attorney-General and Superintendent 
of Public Instruction, these having been previ- 
ously provided for only by statute. The Supreme 
Court bench was increased by the addition of 
four members, making the whole number of 
Supreme Court judges seven; Ap])ellate Courts 
authorized after 187-4, and County Courts were 
made courts of record. The compensation of all 
State officers — executive, judit'ial and legislative 
— was left discretionary with the Legislature, 
and no limit was placed upon the length of the 
sessions of the General Assembly. The instru- 
ment drafted by the Convention was ratified at 
an election held, July 6, 1870, and went into force, 
August 8, following. Occasional amendments 
have been submitted and ratified from time to 
time. (Sec C(»i.stitntio7ts. Elections and Repre- 
sentation: also Minority Representation.) 

CONSTITUTIONS. Illinois has had three con- 
stitutions— that of 1870 being now (1898) in force. 
The earliest instnmient was that approved by 
Congress in 1818, and the first revision was made 
in 1847 — the Constitution having been ratified at 
an election held, I\Iarch i), 1848, and going into 
force, April 1, following. The term of State 
officers has been uniformly fixed at four years, 
except tliat of Treasurer, which is two jears. 
Biennial elections and sessions of the General 
Assembly are provided for. Senators holding their 
seats for four j-ears, and Representatives two 
years. The State is required to be apportioned 
after each decennial census into fifty-one dis- 
tricts, each of which elects one Senator and three 
Representatives. The jjrinciple of minority rep- 
re.sentation has been incorporated into the 
organic law, each elector being allowed to cast as 
many votes for one legislative candidate as there 
are Representatives to be chosen in his district; 
or ho maj' divide his vote equally among all the 
three candidates or between two of them, as ho 
may see fit. One of the provisions of the Consti- 
tution of 1870 is the inhibition of the General 
As.sembly from passing private laws. Munici- 
palities are classified, and legislation is for all 
cities of a class, not for an individual corpora- 
tion. Individual citizens with a financial griev- 
ance must .secure payment of their claims under 
the terms of some general ajjpropriation. The 
sessions of the Legislature are not limited as to 
time, nor is there any restriction upon the power 
of the Executive to summon extra se.ssions. 
(See also Constitutional Conventions; Elections; 



Governors and other State Officers; Judicial 
System; Suffrage, Etc.) 

COOK, liurton C, lawyer and Congre.ssman, 
was born in Monroe County. N. Y., May 11, 181!); 
completed his academic education at the Collegi- 
ate Institute in Roche.ster, and after studying 
law, removed to Illinois (1835), locating first at 
Hennepin and later at Ottawa. Here he began 
the practice of liis profession, and, in 1846, was 
elected by the Legislature State's Attorney for 
the Ninth Judicial District, serving two years, 
wlien. in 1848, he was re-elected by the people 
vmder the Constitution of that year, for four 
years. From 18.J2 to 18G0. lie was State Senator, 
taking part in the election which resulted in 
making Lyman Trumbull United States Senator 
in 1855. In 1861 he served as one of the Peace 
Commissioners from Illinois in the Conference 
which met at Washington. He may be called 
one of the founders of the Keijublican party in 
this State, having been a member of the State 
Central Committee appointed at Bloomington in 
1856, and Chairman of the State Central Com- 
mittee in 1863. In 1864, he was elected to Con- 
gress, and re-elected in 1866, '68 and '70, but 
resigned in 1871 to accept the solicitorship of the 
Northwestern Railroad, which he resigned in 
1886. He was an intimate friend of Abraham 
Lincoln, serving as a delegate to both the National 
Conventions which nominated him for the Presi- 
dency, and presenting his name at Baltimore in 
1864. His death occurred at Evanston, August 
18, 1894. 

COOK, Daniel Pope, early Congressman, was 
born in Scott County, Ky., in 1795, removed to 
Illinois and began the practice of law at Kaskas- 
kia in 1815. Early in 1816, he became joint owner 
and editor of "The Illinois Intelligencer,'' and at 
the same time served as Auditor of Public 
Accounts by appointment of Governor Edwards : 
the next year (1817) was sent bj' President Mon- 
roe as bearer of dispatches to John Quincy Adams, 
then minister to London, and, on his return, was 
appointed a Circuit Judge. On the admission of 
the State he was elected the first Attorney- 
General, but almost immediately resigned and, 
in September, 1819, was elected to Congres.s, serv- 
ing as Representative until 1827. Having married 
a daughter of (Joveruor Edwards, he became a 
resident of Edwardsville. He was a conspicuous 
opiwnent of the proposition to make Illinois a 
slave State in 1823-24, and did much to prevent 
the success of that scheme. He also bore a 
prominent part while in Congress in securing the 
donation of lands for the construction of the 



120 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



Illinois & Micliigan Canal. He was distinguished 
for his eloquence, and it was during his first 
Congressional campaign that stump-speaking was 
introduced into the State. Suffering from 
consumption, he visited Cuba, and, after return- 
ing to his home at Edwardsville and failing to 
improve, he went to Kentucky, where he died, 
Oct. 16, 1837.— John (Cook), soldier, born at 
Edwardsville, 111., June 13, 182,5, the son of 
Daniel P. Cook, the second Congressman from 
Illinois, and grandson of Gov. Ninian Edwards, 
was educated by private tutors and at Illinois 
College ; in 1835 was elected Mayor of Springfield 
and the following year Sheriff of Sangamon 
Counly, later serving as Quartermaster of the 
State. Raising a company promptly after the 
firing on Fort Sumter in 1861, he was commis- 
sioned Colonel of the Seventh Illinois Volunteers 
— the first regiment organized in Illinois under 
the first call for troops by President Lincoln ; was 
promoted Brigadier-General for gallantrj- at Fort 
Donelson in Marcli, 1863; in 1864 commanded the 
District of Illinois, with headquarters at Spring- 
field, being mustered out, August, 186.5, with the 
brevet rank of iMajor-General. General Cook was 
elected to the lower house of the General Assem- 
bly from Sangamon County, in 1868. During 
recent years his home has been in Michigan. 

COOK COUNTY, situated in the northeastern 
section of the State, bordering on Lake Michigan, 
and being the most easterly of the second tier of 
counties south of the Wisconsin State line. It 
has an area of 890 square miles; population (1890), 
1,191,922; (1900), 1,838,735; county-.seat, Chicago. 
The county was organized in 1831, having origi- 
nally embraced the counties of Du Page, Will, 
Lake, McHenry and Iroquois, in addition to its 
present territorial limits. It was named in 
honor of Daniel P. Cook, a distinguished Repre- 
sentative of Illinois in Congress. (See Cook, 
Daniel P.) The first County Commissioners were 
Samuel Miller, Gholson Kercheval and James 
Walker, who took the oath of office before Justice 
John S. C. Hogau, on March 8, 1831. AVilliam 
Lee was appointed Clerk and Archibald Cly bourne 
Treasurer. Jedediah Wormley was first County 
Surveyor, and three election districts (Chicago, 
Du Page and Hickory Creek) were created. A 
scow ferry was established across the South 
Branch, with Mark Beaubien as ferryman. Only 
non-residents were required to pay toll. Geolo- 
gists are of the opinion that, previous to the 
glacial epoch, a large portion of the county lay 
under the waters of Lake Michigan, which was 
connected with the Mississippi by the Des Plaines 



River. This theory is borne out by the finding 
of stratified beds of coal and gravel in the eastern 
and southern portions of the county, either vmder- 
lying the prairies or assuming the form of ridges. 
The latter, geologists maintain, indicate the exist- 
ence of an ancient key, and they conclude that, 
at one time, the level of the lake was nearly forty 
feet higher than at present. Glacial action is 
believed to have been very effective in establish- 
ing surface conditions in this vicinity. Lime- 
stone and building stone are quarried in tolerable 
abundance. Athens marble (white when taken 
out, but growing a rich yellow through exposure) 
is found in the southwest. Isolated beds of peat 
have also been found. The general surface is 
level, although undulating in some portions. The 
soil near the lake is sandj-, but in the interior 
becomes a black mold from one to four feet in 
depth. Drainage is afforded by the Des Plaines, 
Chicago and Calumet Rivers, which is now being 
improved by the construction of the Drainage 
Canal. Manufactures and agriculture are the 
principal industries outside of the city of Chi- 
cago. (See also C7n'ca<7o.) 

COOK COUNTY HOSPITAL, located in Chi- 
cago and under control of the Commissioners of 
Cook County. It was originally erected by the 
City of Chicago, at a cost of §80,000, and was 
intended to be used as a hospital for patients 
suffering from infectious diseases. For several 
years the building was unoccupied, but, in 1858, 
it was leased by an association of physicians, who 
opened a hospital, with the further purpose of 
affording facilities for clinical instruction to the 
students of Rush Medical College. In 1863 the 
building was taken by the General Government 
for military purposes, being used as an eye and 
ear hospital for returning soldiers. In 1865 it 
reverted to the City of Chicago, and, in 1866, was 
purchased by Cook County. In 1874 the County 
Commissioners purcliased a new and more spa- 
cious site at acost of 8145,000, and began the erec- 
tion of buildings thereon. The two principal 
pavilions were completed and occupied before the 
close of 1875; the clinical amphitheater and 
connecting corridors were built in 1876-77, and an 
administrative building and two additional 
pavilions were added in 1882-84. Up to that date 
the total cost of the buildings had been §719,574, 
and later additions and improvements have 
swelled the outlay to more than 81,000,000. It 
accommodates about 800 patients and constitutes 
a part of the county machinery for the care of 
the poor. A certain number of beds are placed 
under the care of homeopathic physicians. The 




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HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



121 



present (180fi) allopathic medical staff consists of 
fifteen physicians, fifteen surgeons, one oculist 
and aurist and one pathologist; the homeopathic 
staff comprises five physicians and five surgeons. 
In addition, there is a large corps of internes, or 
house ph3'sicians and surgeons, composed of 
recent graduates from the several medical col- 
leges, who gain their jjositions through competi- 
tive examination and hold them for eighteen 
months. 

COOKE, Edward Dean, lawyer and Congress- 
man, born in Dubuque County, Iowa, Oct. IT, 
1849; was educated in the common schools and 
the high school of Dubuque ; studied law in that 
city and at Columbian University, Washington, 
D. C, graduating from that institution with the 
degree of Bachelor of Laws, and was admitted to 
the bar in Wasliington in 1873. Coming to Chi- 
cago tlie same year, he entered upon the practice 
of his profession, which he pursued for the 
remainder of his life. In 1882 he was elected a 
Representative in the State Legislature from 
Cook County, serving one term ; was elected as a 
Republican to the Fifty-fourth Congress for the 
Sixth District (Chicago), in 1894, and re-elected in 
1896. His death occurred suddenly wliile in 
attendance on the extra session of Congi-ess in 
Washington, June 24, 1807. 

COOLBAUGH, William Findlay, financier, was 
bom in Pike County, Pa., July 1, 1821; at the 
age of 15 became clerk in a dry-goods store in 
Philadelphia, but, in 1843, opened a branch 
establishment of a New York firm at Burlington, 
Iowa, where he afterwards engaged in tlie bank- 
ing business, also serving in the Iowa State 
Constitutional Convention, and, as the candidate 
of his party for United States Senator, being 
defeated by Hon. James Harlan by one vote. In 
1863 he came to Chicago and opened the banking 
house of W. F. Coolbaugh & Co., which, in 1865, 
became the Union National Bank of Chicago. 
Later he became the first President of the Chi- 
cago Clearing House, as also of the Bankers' 
Association of the West and South, a Director of 
the Board of Trade, and an original int-orporator 
of the Chamber of Commerce, besides being a 
member of the State Constitutional Convention 
of 1869-70. His death by suicide, at the foot <jf 
Douglas Monument, Nov. 14, 1877, was a shock to 
the whole city of Chicago. 

COOLEY, Horace S., Secretary of State, was 
bom in Hartford, Conn., in 1806, studied medi- 
cine for two years in early life, then went to Ban- 
gor, Maine, where he liegan tlie study of law ; in 
1840 he came to Illinois, locating first at Rushville 



and finally in the city of Quincy; in 1842 took a 
proniinont part in tlie eam|iuign which resulted 
in the election of Thomas Ford as Governor — also 
received from Governor Carlin an appointment as 
Quartermaster-General of the State. On the 
accession of Governor French in December, 1846, 
he was appointed Secretary of State and elected 
to the same office under the Constitution of 1848, 
dying* before tlie expiration of his term, April 2, 
1850. 

CORBUS, (Dr.) J. C, physician, was born in 
Holmes County, Ohio, in 1833, received his pri- 
mary education in the public schools, followed 
by an academic course, and began the study of 
medicine at Millersburg, finally graduating from 
the Western Reserve Jledical College at Cleve- 
land. In 1855 he began practice at Orville, Ohio, 
but the same year located at Mendota, 111., soon 
thereafter removing to Lee County, where he 
remained until 1863. The latter year he was 
appointed Assistant Surgeon of the Seventy-fifth 
Illinois Volunteer Infantry, but was soon pro- 
moted to the position of Surgeon, though com- 
pelled to resign the following year on account of 
ill health. Returning from the army, lie located 
at Mendota. Dr. Corbus served continuously as a 
member of the State Board of Public Cliarities 
from 1873 until the accession of Governor Altgeld 
to the Governorship in 1803, when he resigned. 
He was also, for fifteen years, one of the Medical. 
Examiners for his District under tlie Pension 
Bureau, and has served as a member of the 
Republican State Central Committee for the 
Mendota District. In 1897 he was complimented 
by Governor Tanner by reappointment to the 
State Board of Charities, and was made President 
of the Board. Early in 1899 he was appointed 
Superintendent of the Eastern Hospital for the 
Insane at Kankakee, as successor to Dr. William 
G. Stearns. 

CORNELL, Paul, real-estate operator and capi- 
talist, was born of English Quaker ancestry in 
Washington County, N. Y., August 5, 1833; at 9 
years of age removed with his step-father, Dr. 
Barry, to Ohio, and five years later to Adams 
Countj% 111. Here j'oung Cornell lived the life of 
a farmer, working part of the year to earn money 
to .send himself to school the remainder; also 
taught for a time, then entered tlie office of W. A. 
Richardson, at Rushville, Schuyler County, as a 
law student. In 1845 he came to Chicago, but 
soon after became a student in the law office of 
Wilson & Henderson at Joliet, and was admitted 
to practice in that city. Removing to Chicago in 
1847, he was associated, successively, with the late 



122 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



L. C. P. Freer, Judge James H. Collins and 
Messrs. Skinner & Hoyne ; finally entered into a 
contract with Judge Skinner to perfect the title to 
320 acres of land held under tax-title within the 
present limits of Hyde Park, which he succeeded 
in doing bj' visiting the original owners, thereby 
securing one-half of the property in his own 
name. He thus became the founder of the village 
of Hyde Park, meanwhile adding to his posses- 
sions other lands, which increased vastly in value. 
He also established a watch factory at "Cornell 
(now a part of Chicago), which did a large busi- 
ness until removed to California. Mr. Cornell 
was a member of the first Park Board, and there- 
fore iias the credit of assisting to organize Chi- 
cago's extensive park system. 

CORVVIX, Franklin, Congressman, was born at 
Lebanon, Ohio, Jan. 12, 1818, and admitted to the 
bar at the age of 21. While a resident of Ohio he 
served in both Houses of the Legislature, and 
settled in Illinois in 1857, making his home at 
Peru. He was a member of the lower house of 
the Twentj'-fourth, Twenty-fifth and Twenty- 
sixth General Assemblies, being Speaker in 1867, 
and again in 1869. In 1872 he was elected to 
Congress as a Republican, but, in 1874, was 
defeated by Alexander Campbell, who made the 
race as an Independent. Died, at Peru, 111., June 
15, 1879. 

COUCH, James, pioneer hotel-keeper, was born 
at Fort Edward, N. Y., August 31, 1800; removed 
to Chautauqua County, in the same State, wliere 
he remained until his twentieth year, receiving a 
fair English education. After engaging succes- 
sively, but with indifferent success, as hotel-clerk, 
stage-house keeper, lumber-dealer, and in the dis- 
tilling busine.ss, in 1836, in company with liis 
younger brother, Ira, he visited Chicago. They 
both decided to go into business there, first open- 
ing a small store, and later entering upon their 
hotel ventures which proved so eminently suc- 
cessful, and gave the Tremont House of Chicago 
so wide and enviable a reputation. Mr. Couch 
superintended for his brother Ira the erection, at 
various times, of many large business blocks in 
the city. Upon the death of his brother, in 1857, 
he was made one of the trustees of his estate, and, 
with other trustees, rebuilt the Tremont House 
after the Chicago fire of 1871. In April, 1892, 
while boarding a street car in the central part of 
the city of Chicago, he was run over by a truck, 
receiving injuries which resulted in his death 
the same day at the Tremont House, in the 02d 
year of his age. — Ira (Couch), younger brother of 
the preceding, was born in Saratoga County, 



N. Y., Nov. 22, 1806. At the age of sixteen he 
was apprenticed to a tailor, and, in 1826, set up 
in business on his own account. In 1836, while 
visiting Chicago with his brother James, he 
determined to go into business there. With a 
stock of furnishing goods and tailors' supplies, 
newly bought in New York, a small store was 
opened. This business soon disposed of, Mr. 
Couch, with his brother, obtained a lease of the 
old Tremont House, then a low frame building 
kept as a saloon boarding house. Changed and 
refurnished, this was opened as a hotel. It was 
destroyed by fire in 1839, as was also the larger 
rebuilt structure in 1849. A second time rebuilt, 
and on a much larger and grander scale at a cost 
of 875,000, surpassing anything the West had ever 
known before, the Tremont House this time stood 
until the Chicago fire in 1871, when it was again 
destroj-ed. Mr. Couch at all times enjoyed an 
immense patronage, and was able to accumulate 
(for that time) a large fortune. He purchased 
and improved a large number of business blocks, 
then within the business center of the city. In 
1853 he retired from active business, and, in con- 
sequence of impaired health, chose for the rest of 
his life to seek recreation in travel. In the 
winter of 1857, while with his family in 
Havana, Cuba, he was taken with a fever which 
soon ended his life. His remains now rest in a 
mausoleum of masonry in Lincoln Park, Chi- 
cago. 

COULTERVILLE,a town of Randolph County, 
at the crossing of the Centralia & Chester and 
the St. Louis & Paducah branch Illinois Central 
Railways, 49 miles southeast of St. Louis. Farm- 
ing and coal-mining are the leading industries. 
The town has two banks, two creameries, and a 
newspaper. Population (1890), 598; (1900), 650. 
COUNTIES, UNORGANIZED. (See Unorgan- 
ized C<junt)e!<.) 

COWDEN, a village of Shelby County, at the 
intersection of the Baltimore & Ohio Southwest- 
ern and the Toledo, St. Louis & Western Rail- 
ways, 60 miles southeast of Springfield. Con- 
siderable coal is mined in the vicinity; has a 
bank and a weekly jiaper. Population (1880), 
350; (1890), 702; (1900), 751. 

COWLES, Alfred, newspaper manager, was 
born in Portage County, Ohio, May 13, 1832, grew 
up on a farm and, after spending some time at 
Michigan University, entered the office of "The 
Cleveland Leader" as a clerk; in 1855 accepted a 
similar position on "The Chicago Tribune, '" which 
had just been bought by Joseph Medill and 
others, finally becoming a stockholder and busi- 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



123 



ness manager of the paper, so remaining until his 
deatli in Cliioago, Dec. 20, 1889. 

COX, Thomas, ])ioneer. Senator in the First 
General Asseniblj' of Illinois (1818-22) from Union 
Count}', and a conspicuous figure in early State 
histoi-y ; was a zealous advocate of the policy of 
making Illinois a slave State; became one of the 
original iiroprietors and founders of the city of 
Spriiiglield, and was appointed the first Register 
of the Land Ofiice there, hut was removed under 
charges of mi.seonduct; after his retirement from 
the Land Oftice. kept a hotel at Springfield. In 
1836 he removed to Iowa (then a part of Wiscon- 
sin Territor}-). became a member of the first 
Territorial Legislature there, was twice re-elected 
and once Speaker of the House, being prominent 
in 1840 as commander of the "Regulators" who 
drove out a gang of murderers and desperadoes 
who had got possession at Bellevue, Iowa. Died, 
at Maquoketa, Iowa. 184;J. 

COY, Irus, lawyer, was born in Chenango 
County, X. Y., July 25, 1832; educated in the 
common schools and at Central College, Cortland 
County, N. Y., graduating in law at Albany in 
1857. Then, having removed to Illinois, he 
located in Kendall Comity and began practice ; in 
1868 was electeil to the lower house of the General 
Assembly and. in 1872, served as Presidential 
Elector on the Republican ticket; removed to 
Chicago in 1871, later serving as attorney of the 
Union Stock Yards and Transit Company. Died, 
in Chicago, Sept. 20, 1897. 

CRAFTS, Clayton E., legislator and politician, 
bom at Auburn, Geauga County, Ohio, July 8, 
1848 ; was educated at Hiram College and gradu- 
ated from the Cleveland Law School in 1868, 
coming to Chicago in 1869. Mr. Crafts served in 
seven consecutive sessions of the General Assetn- 
bly (1883-93, inclusive) as Representative from 
Cook County, ami was elected by the Democratic 
majority as Speaker, in 1891, and again in '93. 

CRAIti, Alfred M., jurist, was born in Edg-ar 
County, 111., Jan. !•"), 1831, graduated from Knox 
College in 18.53. and was admitted to the bar in 
the following year, commencing practice at 
Knoxville. He held the offices of State's 
Attorney and County Judge, and represented 
Knox County in the Constitutional Convention 
of 1869-70. In 1873 he was elected to the bench 
of the Supreme Court, as successor to Justice 
C. B. Lawrence, and was re-elected in '83 and 
'91 ; his present term expiring with the centurj'. 
He is a Democrat in politics, but has been 
three times elected in a Republican judicial 
district. 



CRAWFORD. Charles H., lawyer and legisla- 
tor, was born in Bennington, Vt., but reared in 
Bureau and La Salle Counties, 111. ; has practiced 
law for twenty years in Chicago, and been three 
times elected to the State Senate — 1884, "88 and 
'94 — and is author of the Crawford Primary Elec- 
tion Law. enacted in 18,s.5. 

CRAWFORD COUXTY, a southeastern county, 
Iwrdering on the Wabash, 190 miles nearly due 
south of Chicago — named for William H. Craw- 
ford, a Secretar}' of War. It has an area of 452 
square miles; population (1900). 19,240. The 
first settlers were the French, but later came 
emigrants from New England. The soil is rich 
and well adapted to the production of corn and 
wlveat, which are the principal crops. The 
county was organized in 1817, Darwin being 
the first county -seat. The present county-seat 
is Robinson, with a population (1890) of 1,387: 
centrally located and the point of intersection of 
two railroads. Other towns of importance are 
Palestine (population, 734)andHut.sonville (popu- 
lation, 582). The latter, as well as Robinson, is 
a grain-shipping point. The Embarras River 
crosses the southwest portion of the county, and 
receives the waters of Big and Honey Creeks and 
Bushy Fork. The county has no mineral 
resources, but contains some valuable woodland 
and many well cultivated farms. Tobacco, 
potatoes, sorghum and wool are among the lead- 
ing products. 

CREAL SPRINGS, a village of WiUiam.son 
County, on the St. Louis, Alton & Terre Haute 
Railroad ; has a bank and a weekly paper. Popu- 
lation (1890), 539; (1900). 940. 

CREBS, John M., ex-Congressman, was born in 
Middleburg, Loudoun County, Va., April 7, 1830. 
When he was but 7 years old his parents removed 
to Illinois, where he ever after resided. At the 
age of 21 he began the study of law, and, in 18.52, 
was admitted to the bar, beginning practice in 
White County. In 1862 he enlisted in the 
Eighty-seventh Illinois Volunteers, receiving a 
commission as Lieutenant-Colonel, participating 
in all the important movements in the Mi.ssissippi 
Valley, including the cajiture of Vicksburg, and 
in the Arkansas campaign, a part of the time 
commanding a brigade. Retui'ning home, he 
resumed tlie practice of his profes.sion. In 1866 
lie was an unsuccessful candidate for State 
Superintendent of Public Instruction on the 
Democratic ticket. He was elected to Congress 
in 1868 and re-elected in 1870. and, in 1880. was a 
delegate to the Democratic State Convention 
Died, June 26, 1890. 



lU 



HISTORICAL E^' CYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



CREIGHTOX, James A., jurist, was born in 

White County, III, March 7, 184G; in childhood 
removed with his parents to Wayne County, and 
was educated in the schools at Fairfield and at 
the Southern Illinois College, Salem, graduating 
from the latter in 1868. After teaching for a 
time wliile studying law, he was admitted to the 
bar in 1870, and opened an office at Fairfield, but, 
in 1877, removed to Springfield. In 1S85 he was 
elected a Circuit Judge for the Springfield Cir- 
cuit, was re-elected in 1891 and again in 1897. 

CRERAR, John, manufacturer and philanthro- 
pist, was born of Scotcli ancestry in New York 
City, in 1827 ; at 18 years of age was an employe 
of an iron-importing firm in that city, .subse- 
quently accepting a position with Morris K. 
Jessup & Co., in the same line. Coming to 
Chicago in 1863, in partnership with J. McGregor 
Adams, he succeeded to the business of Jessup & 
Co. , in that city, also becoming a partner in the 
Adams & Westlake Company, iron manufactur- 
ers. He also became interested and an official in 
various other business organizations, including 
the Pullman Palace Car Company, the Chicago 
& Alton Railroad, the Illinois Trust and Savings 
Bank, and, for a time, was President of the Chi- 
cago & Joliet Railroad, besides being identified 
with various benevolent institutions and associ- 
ations. After the fire of 1871. he was intrusted 
by the New York Chamber of Commerce with 
tlie custody of funds sent for the relief of suffer- 
ers by that calamity. His integrity and business 
sagacity were universally recognized. After his 
death, which occurred in Chicago, Oct. 19, 
1889, it was found that, after making munificent 
bequests to some twenty religious and benevolent 
associations and enterprises, aggregating nearly 
a million dollars, besides liberal legacies to 
relatives, he had left the residue of his estate, 
amounting to some 152,000,000, for the purpose of 
founding a public library in the city of Chicago, 
naming thirteen of his most intimate friends as 
the first Board of Trustees. No more fitting and 
lasting monument of so noble and public-spirited 
a man could have been devised. 

CRETE, a village of Will County, on the Chi- 
cago & Eastern Illinois Railroad, 30 miles south 
of Chicago. Population (1890), 642; (1900), 760. 

CROOK, George, soldier, was born near Day- 
ton, Ohio, Sept. 8, 1828; graduated at the United 
States Military Academy, West Point, in 1853, and 
was assigned as brevet Second Lieutenant to the 
Fourth Infantry, becoming full Second Lieuten- 
ant in 1853. In 1861 he entered the volunteer 
service as Colonel of the Thirty-sixth Ohio Infan- 



try ; was promoted Brigadier-General in 1862 and 
Major-General in 18IU, being mustered out of the 
service, January, 1866. During the war he 
participated in some of the most important 
battles in West Virginia and Tennessee, fought at 
Chickamauga and Antietam, and commanded 
the cavalry in the advance on Richmond in the 
spring of 1865. On being mustered out of the 
volunteer service he returned to the regular 
army, was appointed Lieutenant-Colonel of the 
Twenty-third Infantry, and, for several years, was 
engaged in campaigns against the hostile Indians 
in the Northwest and in Arizona. In 1888 he 
was appointed Major-General and, from that time 
to his death, was in command of the Military 
Division of the Missouri, with headquarters at 
Chicago, where he died, March 19, 1890. 

CROSIAR, Simon, pioneer, was born near 
Pittsburg, Pa., in the latter part of the last 
century; removed to Ohio in 1815 and to Illinois 
in 1819, settling first at Cap au Gris, a French 
village on the Mississippi just above the mouth 
of the Illinois in what is now Calhoun County ; 
later lived at Peoria (1824), at Ottawa (1826), at 
Shippingport near the present city of La Salle 
(1829), and at Old Utica (1834); in the mean- 
while built one or two mills on Cedar Creek in 
La Salle County, kept a storage and commission 
house, and, for a time, acted as Captain of a 
steamboat plying on the Illinois. Died, in 1846. 

CRYSTAL LAKE, a village in McHenry 
County, at the intersection of two divisions of 
the Chicago & Northwestern Railway, 43 miles 
northwest of Chicago. Population (1880), 546; 
(1890), 781; (1900), 950. 

CUBA, a town in Fulton County, distant 38 
miles west-.southwest of Peoria, and about 8 miles 
north of Lewistown. The entire region (includ- 
ing the town) is underlaid with a good quality of 
bituminous coal, of which the late State Geologist 
Worthen asserted that, in seven townships of 
Fulton County, there are 9.000,000 tons to the 
square mile, within 150 feet of the surface. Brick 
and cigars are made here, and the town has two 
banks, a newspaper, tliree churches and good 
schools. Population (1890), 1,114; (1900), 1,198; 
(1903, school censu.s), 1,400. 

CULLEJf, William, editor and Congressman, 
born in the north of Ireland, March 4, 1826; while 
yet a child was brought by his parents to Pitts- 
bm'g, Pa., where he was educated in the public 
schools. At the age of 20 he removed to 
La Salle County, 111, and began life as a farmer. 
Later he took up his residence at Ottawa. He 
has served as Sheriff of La Salle Countv. and held 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



125 



other local oflRces, and was for manj- years a part 
owner and senior editor of "The Ottawa Repub- 
lican." From 1881 to 1880, as a Republican, he 
represented the Eighth Illinois District in Con- 
gress. 

CULLOM, Richard Ji'orthcraft, farmer and 
legislator, was born in the State of JIaryland, 
October 1, 1795, but early removed to Wayne 
County, Ky., where he was married to Miss 
Elizabeth Coffey, a native of North Carolina. In 
1830 he removed to Illinois, settling near Wash- 
ington. Tazewell County, where he continued to 
reside during the remainder of his life. Although 
a farmer by vocation, Mr. CuUom was a man of 
prominence and a recognized leader in public 
affairs. In 1836 he was elected as a Whig Repre- 
sentative in the Tenth General Assembly, serving 
in the siime body with Abiaham Lincoln, of 
whom he was an intimate personal and political 
friend. In 1840 he was chosen a member of the 
State Senate, serving in the Twelfth and Thir- 
teenth General Assemblies, and, in 1852, was 
again elected to the House. Mr. Cullom's death 
occurred in Tazewell County, Dec. 4, 1872, his 
wife having died Dec. 5, 1868. Mr. and Mrs. 
CuUom were the parents of Hon. Shelby M. 
CuUom. 

CULLO.M, Shelby Moore, United States Sena- 
tor, was l)orn in Wayne County, Ky., Nov. 22, 
1829. His parents removed to Tazewell Count}', 
111., in 1830, where his father became a member 
of the Legislature and attained prominence as a 
public man. After two years spent in Rock 
River Seminary at Mount Morris, varied by some 
experience as a teacher, in 1853 the subject of 
this sketch went to Springfield to enter upon the 
study of law in the office of Stuart & Edwards. 
Being admitted to the bar two years afterward, 
he was almost immediately elected City Attor- 
ney, and, in 1856, was a candidate on the Fill- 
more ticket for Presidential Elector, at the same 
time being elected to the Twentieth General 
Assembly for Sangamon County, as he was again, 
as a Republican, in 1860, being supported alike by 
the Fillmore men and the Free-Soilers. At the 
session following the latter election, he was 
chosen Speaker of the House, which was his first 
important political recognition. In 1862 he was 
appointed by President Lincoln a member of the 
AVar Claims Commission at Cairo, serving in this 
capacity with Governor Boutwell of Massachu- 
setts and Charles A. Dana of New York. He was 
also a candidate for the State Senate the same 
year, but then sustained his only defeat. Two 
years later (1864) he was a candidate for Con- 



gress, defeating his former preceptor, Hon. John 
T. Stuart, being re-elected in 1866, and again in 
1868, the latter year over B. S. Edwards. He 
was a delegate to the National Republican Con- 
vention of 1872, and, as Chairman of the Illinois 
delegiition, placed General Grant in nomination 
for the Presidency, holding the same position 
again in 1884 and in 1892; was elected to the Illi- 
nois House of Representatives in 1872 and in 1874, 
being chosen Speaker a second time in 1873, as he 
was the unanimous choice of his party for 
Speaker again in 1875; in 1876 was elected Gov- 
ernor, was re-eiected in 1880, and, in 1883, elected 
to the United States Senate as successor to Hon. 
David Davis. Having had two re-elections since 
(1889 and '95), he is now serving his third term, 
which will expire in 1901. In 1898, by special 
appointment of President McKinley. Senator 
CuUom served upon a Commission to investigate 
the condition of the Hawaiian Islands and 
report a plan of government for this new division 
of the American Republic. Other important 
measures with which his name has been promi- 
nently identified have been the laws for the sup- 
pression of polygamy in Utah and for the creation 
of the Inter-State Commerce Commission. At 
present he is Chairman of the Senate Committee 
on Inter-State Commerce and a member of those 
on Appropriations and Foreign Affairs. His 
career has been conspicuoas for his long public 
service, the large number of important offices 
which he has held, the ahnost unbroken uniform- 
ity of his success when a candidate, and his com- 
plete exemption frftn scandals of every sort. No 
man in the history of the State has been more 
freciuently elected to the United States Senate, 
and only three — Senators Douglas, Trumbull and 
Logan — for an equal number of terms; though 
only one of these (Senator Trumbull) lived to 
serve out the full period for which he was 
elected. 

CUMBERLAND COUNTY, situated in the 
southeast quarter of the State, directly south of 
Coles County, from which it was cut off in 1842. 
Its area is 350 square miles, and population (1900), 
16.124. The county-seat was at Greenup until 
1855, when it was transferred to Prairie City, 
which was laid off in 18.54 and incor{K)rated as a 
town in 1866. The present county-seat is at 
Toledo (population, 1890, 676). The Embarras 
River crosses the county, as do also three lines of 
railroad. Neoga, a mining town, has a popula- 
tion of 829. The county received its name from 
the Cumberland Road, which, as originally pro 
jected, passed through it. 



^ 



126 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OE ILLINOIS. 



CUMMINS, (Rev.) David, Bishop of tlie Re- 
formed Protestant Episcopal Cliurcli, was 
born near Smyrna, Del., Dec. 11, 1822; gradu- 
ated at Dickiu.son College, Pa., in 1841, and 
became a licentiate in the Methodist ministry, 
but, in 1846, took orders in the Episcopal 
Church; afterwards held rectorships in Balti- 
more, Norfolk, Richmond and the Trinity 
Episcopal Church of Chicago, in 1860 being con- 
secrated Assistant Bishop of the Diocese of 
Kentucky. As a recognized leader of the Low- 
Church or Evangelical party, he early took issue 
with the ritualistic tendencies of the Iligli-Church 
party, and, having withdrawn from the Episcopal 
Church in 18T3, became the first Bishop of the 
Reformed Episcopal organization. He was zeal- 
ous, eloquent and conscientious, but overtaxed his 
strength in his new field of labor, dying at Luth- 
erville, Md., June 26, 1876. A memoir of Bishop 
Cummins, by his wife, was publishedin 1878. 

CUMULATIVE TOTE. (See Minority Repre- 
sentation.) 

CURTIS, Harvey, clergyman and educator, was 
born in Adams, Jefferson County, N. Y., May 30, 
1806; graduated at Middlebury College, Vt., in 
1831, with the highest honors of his class; after 
three years at Princeton Theological Seminary, 
was ordained pastor of the Congregational 
church at Brandon, Vt., in 1836. In 1841 he 
accepted an appointment as agent of the Home 
Missionary Society for Ohio and Indiana, between 
1843 and 1858 holding pastorates at Madison, 
Ind., and Chicago. In the latter year he was 
chosen President of Knox College, at Galesburg, 
dying there, Sept. 18, 1863. 

CURTIS, William Eiroy, journalist, was born 
at Akron, Ohio, Nov. 5, 18.50; graduated at 
Western Reserve College in 1851, meanwhile 
learning the art of typesetting; later served as a 
reporter on "The Cleveland Leader" and, in 1873, 
took a subordinate position on "The Chicago 
Inter Ocean," finally rising to that of managing- 
editor. While on "The Inter Ocean" he accom- 
panied General Custer in his campaign against 
the Sioux, spent several months investigating 
the "Ku-Klux" and "White League" organiza- 
tions in the South, and, for some years, was "The 
Inter Ocean" corresiiondent in Washington. 
Having retired from "The Inter Ocean," he 
became Secretary of the "Pan-American Con- 
gress" in Washington, and afterwards made the 
tour of the United States with the South and 
Central American representatives in that Con- 
gress. During the World's Columbian Exposition 
in Chicago he had general supervision of the 



Latin-American liistorical and archaeological 
e.xhibits. Mr. Curtis has visited nearly every 
Central and South American country and has 
written elaboi'ately on tiiese subjects for the 
magazines and for publication in book form ; has 
also published a "Life of Zachariah Chandler"' 
and a "Diplomatic History of the United States 
and Foreign Powers." For some time he was 
managing editor of "The Chicago News" and is 
now (1898) the Washington Correspondent of 
"Tlie Chicago Record." 

CUSHMAX, (Col.) William H. W., financier 
and manufacturer, was born at Freetown, Mass., 
May 13, 1813; educated at the American Literary, 
Scientific and Military Academy, Norwich, Vt. ; 
at 18 began a mercantile career at Middlebury, 
and, in 1824, removed to La Salle County, 111., 
where he opened a country store, also built a mill 
at Vermilionville; later was identified with many 
large financial enterprises which generally 
proved successful, thereby accumulating a for- 
tune at one time estimated at $3,000,000. He was 
elected as a Democrat to the Thirteenth and 
Fourteenth General Assemblies (1843 and '44) 
and, for several years, held a commission as 
Captain of the Ottawa Cavalry (militia). Tlie 
Civil War coming on, he assisted in organizing 
the Fiftj'-third Illinois Volunteers, and was com- 
missioned its Colonel, but resigned Sept. 3, 1862. 
He organized and was principal owner of the 
Bank of Ottawa, which, in 1865, became the First 
National Bank of that city; was the leading 
spirit in the Hydraulic Company and the Gas 
Company at Ottawa, built and operated the 
Ottawa Machine Shops and Foundry, speculated 
largely in lands in La Salle and Cook Counties — 
liis operations in the latter being especially large 
about Riverside, as well as in Chicago, was a 
principal stockholder in the bank of Cush- 
man & Hardin in Chicago, had large interests in 
the lumber .trade in Michigan, and was one of 
the builders of the Chicago, Paducah & South- 
western Railroad. Tlie Chicago fire of 1871, 
however, brought financial disaster upon him, 
which finally dissipated his fortune and de- 
stroyed his mental and physical health. His 
death occurred at Ottawa, Oct. 28, 1878. 

DALE, Michael («., lawyer, was born in Lan- 
caster, Pa., spent his childhood and youth in the 
public schools of his native city, except one year 
in West Chester Academy, when he entered 
Pennsylvania College at Gettysburg, graduating 
tbere in 1835. He then began tlie study of law 
and was admitted to the bar in 1H37; coming to 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



Us 



Illinois the following year, he was retained iti a 
suit at Greenville. Boml County, which leJ to his 
employment in others, and finally to opening an 
office there. In 1839 he was elected Probate 
Judge of Bond County, remaining in office four- 
teen years, meanwhile being commissioned Major 
of the State Militia in 1844. and serving as mem- 
ber of a Military Court at Alton in 1847; was also 
the Delegate from Bond County to the State Con- 
stitutional Convention of 1847. In 1853 he re- 
signed the office of County Judge in Bond County 
to accept that of Register of the Land office at 
Edwardsville, where he continued to reside, fill- 
ing the office of County Judge in Madison County 
five or six terms, besides occupying some subordi- 
nate positions. Judge Dale married a daughter 
of Hon. William L. D. Ewing. Died at Edwards- 
ville, April 1, 1^19.5. 

DALLAS CITY, a town of Hancock County, at 
the intersection of tlie Atchi.son, Topeka & Santa 
Fe and the Chicago. Burlington & Quincy Kail- 
roads, 16 miles south of Burlington. It has man- 
ufactories of lumber, buttons, carriages and 
wagons, and two weekly newspapers. Popula- 
tion (1880). 829; (1890), 747; 1900). 970. 

DANEMIOWER, John Wilson, Arctic explorer, 
was born in Chicago. Sept. 30, 1849 — the son of 
W. W. Danenhower, a journalist. After passing 
through the schools of Chicago and Washington. 
he graduated from the United States Naval Acad- 
emy at Annajiolis in 1870. was successively com- 
missioned as Ensign. Master and Lieutenant, and 
served on expeditions in the North Pacific and in 
the Mediterranean. In 1878 he joined the Arctic 
steamer Jeannette at Havre. France, as second in 
command under Lieut. George W. De Long; pro- 
ceeding to San Francisco in July, 1879, the 
steamer entered the Arctic Ocean by way of 
Behring Straits. Here, having been caught in an 
ice-pack, the vessel was held twenty-two months, 
Lieutenant Danenhower meanwhile being dis- 
abled most of the time by ophthalmia. The crew, 
as last compelled to abandon the steamer, dragged 
their toats over the ice for ninety-live days imtil 
they were able to launch them in open water, 
but were soon separated by a gale. The boat 
conimandeil by Lieutenant Danenhower reached 
the Lena Delta, on the north coast of Siberia, 
where the crew were rescued by natives, landing 
Sept. 17, 1881. After an ineffectual search on 
the delta for the crews of the other two boats, 
Lieutenant Danenhower, with his crew, made 
the journey of 6,000 miles to Orenburg, finally 
arriving in the United States in June, 1882. He 
has told the story of the expedition in "The 



Narrative of the Jeannette," published in 1832. 
Died, at Annapolis, Mil,. April 20, 1887. 

UAXVEKS, a village of McLean County, on the 
Cleveland, Cincinnati, Chicago & St. Louis 
Railway. The section is agricultural. The town 
has a bank and a newspaper. Poi)ulation (1880), 
460; (1890), r)06; (1900), 607. 

DANVILLE, the county-.seat of Vermilion 
County, on Vermilion River and on five impor- 
tant lines of railroad; in rich coal-mining 
district and near large deposits of shale and 
soapstoue, which are utilized in manufacture of 
sewer-pipe, paving and fire-clay brick. The city 
has car-shops and numerous factories, water- 
works, electric lights, paved streets, several 
banks, twenty-seven churches, five graded schools 
and one high .school, and six newspapers, three 
daily. A Soldiers' Home is located three miles 
east of the city. Pop, (1890;, 11,491 ; (1900), 16,3.54. 

DANVILLE, OLNEY, & OHIO RIVER RAIL- 
ROAD. (See Chiemjo & Ohio River Railroad.) 

DANVILLE, IRBAXA, BLOOMIXiTON & 
PEKIN RAILROAD. (See Peoria & Eastern 
Railroad.) 

D'ARTAIGUIETTE, Pierre, a French com- 
mandant of Illinois from 1734 to 1736. having 
been appointed by Bienville, then Governor of 
Louisiana. He was distinguished for gallantry 
and courage. He defeated the Natchez Indians, 
but, in an unsuccessful expedition against the 
Chickasaws, was wounded, captured and burned 
at the .stake. 

DAVENPORT, Georgo, -soldier, pioneer and 
trader, born in Lincolnshire, England, in 1783, 
came to this country in 1804, and soon aftei 
enlisted in the United States army, with the rani 
of sergeant. He served gallantly on various 
expeditions in the West, where he obtained a 
knowledge of the Indians which was afterward 
of great value to him. During the War of 1813 
his regiment was .sent East, where he partici- 
pated in the defense of Fort Erie and in other 
enterprises. In 181.5. his term of enlistment hav- 
ing ex[iired and the war ended, he entered the 
service of the contract commis,sary. He selected 
the site for Fort Armstrong and aided in planning 
and sui)ervising its construction. He cultivated 
friendly relations with the .surrounding tribes, 
and, in 1818, built a double log hou.se. mamed, 
and engaged in business as a fur-trader, near the 
site of the present city of Rock Island. He had 
the confidence and respect of the savages, was 
successful and his trading posts were soon scat- 
tered through Illinois. Iowa and Wisconsin, In 
1823 he piloted the first steamboat through the 



128 



IIISTOKICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



upper Mississippi, and, in 1825, was appointed the 
first postmaster at Rock Island, being the only 
white civilian resident there. In 1826 he united 
his business witli that of tlie American Fur Com- 
pany, in whose service lie remained. Although 
he employed every effort to induce President 
Jackson to make a payment to Black Ilawk and 
his followers to induce them to emigrate across 
the Mississippi voluntarily, when that Chief 
commenced hostilities, ]Mr. Davenport tendered 
his services to Governor Reynolds, bj whom he 
was commissioned Quartermaster-General with 
the rank of Colonel. Immigration increased 
rapidly after the close of the Blat-k Hawk War, 
In 1835 a company, of which he was a member, 
founded the town of Davenport, opposite Rock 
Island, which was named in his honor. In 1837 
and '42 he was largely instrumental in negoti- 
ating treaties by which the Indians ceded their 
lands in Iowa to the United States. In the 
latter year he gave up the business of fur-trading, 
having accumulated a fortune through hard 
labor and scrupulous iutegritj', in the face often 
of grave perils. He had large business interests in 
nearly every town in his vicinitj', to all of which 
he gave more or less personal attention. On the 
night of July 4, 1843, he was assassinated at his 
home by robbers. For a long time the crime was 
shrouded in mystery, but its perpetrators were 
ultimately detected and brought to punishment. 
DAVIS, Darid, jm-ist and United States 
Senator, was born in Cecil County, Md., March 
9, 1815; pursued his academic studies at Kenyon 
College, Ohio, and studied law at Yale. He settled 
at Bloomington, 111., in 1836, and, after practicing 
law there until 1844, was elected to the lower house 
of the Fourteenth General Assembly. After 
serving in the Constitutional Convention of 1847, 
he was elected Judge of the Eighth Judicial 
Circuit under the new Constitution in 1848, being 
re-elected in 1855 and '61. He was a warm, per- 
sonal friend of Abraham Lincoln, who, in 1802, 
placed him upon the bench of the United States 
Supreme Court. He resigned his high judicial 
honors to become United States Senator in 1877 
as successor to Logan's fii-st term. On Oct. 13, 
1881, he was elected President pro tern, of the 
Senate, serving in this capacity to the end of his 
term in 1885. He died at his home in Blooming- 
ton, June 26. 1886. 

DAVISj George R., lawyer and Congressman, 
was born at Three Rivers, Mass. , January 3, 1840 ; 
received a common school education, and a 
classical course at Williston Seminary, Easthamp- 
ton, Mass. From 1862 to 1865 he served in the 



Union army, first as Captain in the Eighth 
Massachusetts Infantry, and later as Major in the 
Third Rhode Island Cavalry. After the war he 
removed to Chicago, where he still resides. By 
profession he is a lawyer. He took a prominent 
part in the organization of the Chicago militia, 
was elected Colonel of the First Regiment, 
I. N. G., and was for a time the senior Colonel in 
the State service. In 1876 he was an unsuccessful 
Republican candidate for Congress, but was 
elected in 1878, and re-elected in 1880 and 1882. 
From 1886 to 1890 he was Treasurer of Cook 
County. He took an active and influential part 
in securing the location of the World's Columbian 
Exposition at Cliicago, and was Director-General 
of the Exposition from its inception to its close, 
by his executive ability demonstrating the wis- 
dom of his selection. Died Nov. 25, 1899. 

DAVIS, Hasbroiick, soldier and journalist, was 
born at Worcester, Mass., April 23, 1827, being 
the son of John Davis, United States Senator and 
Governor of Massachusetts, known in his lifetime 
as "Honest John Davis." The son came to Chi- 
cago in 1855 and commenced the practice of 
law ; in 1861 joined Colonel Voss in the organiza- 
tion of the Twelfth Illinois Cavalry, being elected 
Lieutenant-Colonel and, on the retirement of 
Colonel Voss in 1863, succeeding to the colonelcy. 
In March, 1865, he was brevetted Brigadier-Gen- 
eral, remaining in active service until August, 
1865, when he resigned. After the war he was, 
for a time, editor of "The Chicago Evening Post,"' 
was City Attorney of the City of Chicago from 
1867 to '69, but later removed to Massachusetts 
Colonel Davis was drowned at sea, Oct. 19, 1870. 
by the loss of the steamship Cambria, while on a 
voyage to Europe. 

DAVIS, James M., early lawyer, was born in 
Barren Count)-, Ky., Oct. 9, 1793, came to Illinois 
in 1817, located in Bond County and is said to 
have taught the first school in that county. He 
became a lawyer and a prominent leader of the 
Whig party, was elected to the Tliirteenth Gen- 
eral Assembly (1842) from Bond County, and to 
the Twenty-first from Montgomery in 1858, hav- 
ing, in the meantime, become a citizen of 
Hillsboro ; was also a member of the State Consti- 
tutional Convention of 1847. Mr. Davis was a 
man of striking personal appearance, being over 
six feet in height, and of strong individuality. 
After the dissolution of the Whig party he identi- 
fied himself with tlie Democracy and was an 
intensely bitter opponent of the war policy of 
the Government. Died, at Hillsboro, Sept. 17. 
1866. 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



129 



DAVIS, John A., soldier, was born in Craw- 
ford County, Pa., Oct. 2r), 1823; came to Stephen- 
son County, 111., in boyhood and served as 
Representative in tlie General Assembly of 1857 
and '59; in September, 18G1, enlisted as a private, 
was elected Captain and, on the organization of 
the Forty-sixth Regiment Illinois Volunteers, at 
Camp Butler, was comniissioned its Colonel. He 
participated in the capture of Fort Donelson, 
and in the battle of Shiloh was desperately 
wounded by a shot through the lungs, but 
recovered in time to join his regiment before the 
battle of Corinth, where, on Oct. 4, 18G2, he fell 
• mortally wounded, dying a few days after. On 
receiving a request from some of his fellow-citi- 
zens, a few days before his death, to accept a 
nomination for Congress in the Freeport District, 
Colonel Davis patriotically replied: "I can serve 
my country better in following the torn banner 
of mj' regiment in the battlefield." 

D.WIS, Levi, lawyer and State Auditor, was 
born in Cecil County, Md., July 20, 1806; gradu- 
ated at Jefferson College, Pa., in 1828, and was 
admitted to the bar at Baltimore in 1830. The 
following year he removed to Illinois, settling at 
Vandalia, then the capital. In 1835 Governor 
Duncan appointed him Auditor of Public 
Accounts, to which office he was elected by the 
Legislatiire in 1837, and again in 1838. In 
1846 he took up his residence at Alton. He 
attained prominence at the bar^^md was, for 
several years, attorney for the ChicT^jo & Alton 
and St. Louis, Alton & Terre Haute Railroad 
Companies, in which he was also a Director. 
Died, at Alton, March 4. 1897. 

DAVIS, Xathan Smith, M.D., LL.D., physi- 
cian, educator and editor, was born in Chenango 
Coimty, N. Y., Jan. 9, 1817; took a classical and 
scientific course in Cazenovia Seminarj- ; in 1837 
graduated from the College of Physicians and 
Surgeons, winning several prizes during his 
course; the same year began practice at Bing- 
liamton; spent two years (1847-49) in Xew York 
City, when he removed to Chicago to accept the 
chair of Phj-siology and General Pathology in 
Rush Medical College. In 1859 lie accepted a 
similar position in the Chicago Jledical College 
(now the medioal department of Northwestern 
University), where he still remains. Dr. Davis 
has not only been a busy practitioner, but a volu- 
minous writer on general and special topics con- 
nected with liis profession, having been editor at 
different times of several medical periodicals, 
including "The Chicago Medical Journal," "The 
Medical Journal and Examiner," and "The 



Jovirnal of the American Medical A.s.sociation. '' 
He has also been prominent in State, National 
and International Medical Congresses, and is one 
of the founders of the Northwestern University, 
the Chicago Academy of Sciences, the Chicago 
Historical Societj', the Illinois State Microscopi- 
cal Society and the Union College of Law, besides 
other scientific and benevolent as.sociations. 

DAVIS, Oliver L., lawyer, was born in New 
York City, Dec. 20, 1S19; after being in the 
employ of the American Fm- Company some 
seven years, came to Danville, 111., in 1841 and 
commenced studying law the next year; was 
elected to the lower branch of the Seventeenth 
and Twentieth General A.ssemblies, first as a 
Democrat and next (1S3G) as a Re])ublican; 
served on the Circuit Bench in 18(il-66, and again 
in 1873-79, being assigned in 1877 to the Appellate 
bench. Died, Jan. 12, 1892. 

DAWSOX, Jolin, early legislator, was born in 
Virginia, in 1791; came to Illinois in 1827, set- 
tling in Sangamon County ; served five terms in 
the lower liouse of the General Assembly (1830, 
'34, '36, '38 and '40), during a part of the time 
being tlie colleague of Abraham Lincoln. He 
was one of the celebrated "Long Nine" who repre- 
sented Sangamon County at tlie time of the 
removal of the State capital to Springfield ; was 
also a member of the Constitutional Convention 
of 1847. Died, Nov. 12, 1800. 

DEAF A>D DUMB, ILLINOIS INSTITU- 
TION FOR EDUCATION OF, located at Jack- 
sonville, established by act of the Legislature, 
Feb. 23, 1839, and the oldest of the State 
charitable institutions. Work was not begun 
until 1842, but one building was ready for 
partial occupancy in 1840 and was completed 
in 1849. (In 1871 this building, then known 
as the south wing, was declared imsiife, and 
was razed and rebuilt.) The center building 
was completed in 1852 and the north wing in 
1857. Other additions and new buiUlings have 
been added from time to time, such as new dining 
halls, workshops, barns, bakery, refrigerator 
liouse, kitchens, a gj'mnasium, separate cot- 
tages for the sexes, etc. At present (1895) the 
institution is probably the largest, as it is un- 
questionably one of the best conducted, of its class 
in the world. The number of pupils in 1894 was 
716. Among its employes are men and women of 
ripe culture and experience, who have been con- 
nected with it for more than a quarter of a 
century. 

DE.\RDORN, Luther, lawyer and legislator, 
was born at Plymouth, N. H., March 24, 1820, 



i:JO 



mSTOKICAL EXCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLIXOLS. 



and educated in Plymouth schools and at New 
Hamilton Academy ; in youth removed to Dear- 
born County, Ind., where he taught school and 
served as deputy Circuit Clerk; then came to 
Mason County, III., and, in 1844. to Elgin. Here 
he was elected Sheriff and, at the expiration of 
his term. Circuit Clerk, later engaging in the 
banking business, whicli proving disastrous in 
1857, he returned to Mason County and began the 
practice of law. He then spent some years in 
Minnesota, finally returning to Illinois a second 
time, resumed practice at Havana, served one 
term in the State Senate (1876-80); in 1884 
became member of a law firm in Chicago, but 
retired in 1887 to accept the attorneyship of the 
Chicago & Alton Railway, retaining this position 
until his death, which occurred suddenly at 
Springfield, April 5, 1889. For the last two years 
of his life Mr. Dearborn's residence was at 
Aurora. 

DECATUR, the county-seat of Macon County; 
39 miles east of Springfield and one mile north 
of the Sangamon River — also an important rail- 
way center. Three coal shafts are operated out- 
side the city. It is a center for the grain trade, 
having five elevators. Extensive car and repair 
shops are located there, and several important 
manufacturing industries flourish, among them 
three flouring mills. Decatur has paved streets, 
water-works, electric street railways, and excel- 
lent public schools, including one of the best and 
most noted high schools in the State. Four 
newspapers are published there, each issuing a 
dailv edition. Pop., (1890), 10,841; (1900), 20,7,'j4. 

DECATUR EDITORIAL COXVEXTIOX. (See 
Anti-Nebraska Editorial Conrentian.) 

DECATUR & EASTERN RAILWAY. (See 
Indiana, Decatur & Western Railwaij.) 

DECATUR, MATTOON & SOUTHERN RAIL- 
ROAD. (See Peoria, Decatur ct Eva}isville 
Raihray.) 

DECATUR, SULLIVAN & MATTOON RAIL- 
ROAD. (See Peoria, Decatur & Evansville 
Railway.) 

DEEP SNOW, THE, an event occurring in the 
winter of 1830-31 and referred to by old settlers 
of Illinois as constituting an epoch in State his- 
tory. The late Dr. Julian M. Sturtevant, Presi- 
dent of Illinois College, in an address to the "Old 
Settlers" of Morgan Coimty, a few years before 
his death, gave the following account of it: "In 
the interval between Christmas, 1830, and Janu- 
ary, 1831, snow fell all over Central Illinois to a 
depth of fully three feet on a level. Then came 
a rain with weather so cold that it froze as it 



fell, forming a crust of ice over this three feet of 
snow, nearl}', if not quite, strong enough to bear 
a man, and finally over this crust there were a 
few inches of snow. The clouds passed away 
and the wind came down upon us from the north- 
west with extraordinary ferocity. For weeks — 
certainly not less than two weeks — the mercury 
in the thermometer tube was not, on any one 
morning, higlrer than twelve degrees below zero. 
Tills snow-fall produced constant sleighing for 
nine weeks."' Other contemporaneous accounts 
say that this storm caused great suffering among 
both men and beasts. The scattered settlers, u.n- 
able to reach the mills or produce stores, weie 
driven, in some cases, to great extremity for 
supplies ; mills were stopped bj' the freezing up 
of streams, while deer and other game, sinking 
through the crust of snow, were easily captured 
or perished for lack of food. Birds and domestic 
fowls often suffered a like fate for want of sus- 
tenance or from the severity of the cold. 

DEERE, John, manufacturer, was born at 
Middlebury, Vt., Feb. 7, 1804; learned the black- 
smith trade, which he followed until 1838, when 
he came west, settling at Grand Detour, in Ogle 
County ; ten j'ears later removed to Moline, and 
there founded the plow-works which bear his 
name and of which he was President from 1868 
until his death in 1886.— Charles H. (Deere), son 
of the preceding, was born in Hancock. Addison 
County Vt., March 28, 1837; educated in the 
common schools and at Iowa and Knox Acad- 
emies, and Bell's Commercial College, Chicago; 
became assistant and head book-keeper, travel- 
ing and purchasing agent of the Deere Plow 
Company, and, on its incorporation, Vice-Presi- 
dent and General Manager, until his father's 
death, when he succeeded to the Presidency. He 
is also the founder of the Deere & Mansvu- Corn 
Planter Works, President of the Moline Water 
Power Company, besides being a Director in 
vai-ious other concerns and in the branch houses 
of Deere & Co., in Kansas City, Des Moines, 
Council Bluffs and San Francisco. Notwith- 
standing his immense business interests, Mr. 
Deere has found time for the discharge of public 
and patriotic duties, as shown by the fact that he 
was for years a member and Chairman of the 
State Bureau of Labor Statistics ; a Commissioner 
from Illinois to the Vienna International Exposi- 
tion of 1873 ; one of the State Commissioners of 
the World's Columbian Exposition of 1893; a 
Presidential Elector for the State-at-large in 1888, 
and a delegate from his District to the National 
Republican Convention at St. Louis, in 1896. 



HISTORICAL E\X"YCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



131 



DEERIXG, William, manufacturer, was born 
lit Paris, Oxford County, Maine, April 26, 1820, 
completed his education at the Readlield high 
•school, in 1843, engaged actively in manufactur- 
ing, and during his time has assisted in establish- 
ing several large, successful business enterprises, 
including wliolesale and commission dry-goods 
houses in Portland, Maine, Boston and New York. 
His greatest work has been the building up of the 
Deering Manufactiu-ing Company, a main feature 
of wliich, for thirty years, has been the manu- 
facture of Marsh harvesters and other agricultural 
implements and appliances. This concern began 
operation in Chicago about 1870, at the present 
time (1899) occupying eighty acres in the north 
part of the city and employing some 4,000 hands. 
It is said to turn out a larger amount and greater 
variety of articles for the use of the agriculturist 
than any other establishment in the country, 
receiving its raw material from many foreign 
countries, including the Pliilippines, and distrib- 
uting its products all over the globe. Mr. Deer- 
ing continues to be President of the Company 
and a principal factor in the management of its 
immense business. He is liberal, public-.spirited 
and benevolent, and his business career has been 
notable for the absence of controversies with his 
employes. He has been, for a number of years, 
one of the Trustees of the Northwestern Univer- 
sity at Evanston, and, at the present time, is 
President of the Board. 

DE KALB, a city in De Kalb County, 58 miles 
west of Cliicago. Of late years it has grown 
rapidly, largely because of the introduction of 
new industrial enterprises. It contains a large 
wire drawing plant, barVjed wire factories, fo\in- 
dry, agricultural implement works, machine 
shop, shoe factory and several minor manufac- 
turing establishments. It has banks, four news- 
papers, electric street railway, eight miles of 
paved streets, nine churches and three graded 
schools. It is the site of the Northern State Nor- 
mal School. locAted in 1895. Population (1880), 
1,598; (1890), 2,5T9; (1900), 5,904; (1903, est.), 8,000. 

DE KALB COUNTY, originally a portion of 
Lit Halle County, and later of Kane; was organized 
in 1837, and named for Baron De Kalb. the 
Revolutionary patriot. Its area is C50 square 
miles and population (in 1900), 31,756. The land 
is elevated and well drained, lying between Fox 
and Rock Rivers. Prior to 18.35 the land belonged 
to the Pottawatomie Indians, who maintained 
several villages and their own tribal government. 
No sooner had the alxirigines been removed than 
white settlers appeared in large numbers, and, 



in September, 1835, a convocation was held on 
the banks of the Kishwaukee, to adopt a tempo- 
rary form of government. The public lands in the 
county were sold at auction in Chicago in 1843. 
Sycamore (originally called Orange) is the 
county-seat, and, in 1890, had a population of 
2,987. Brick buildings were first erected at 
Sycamore by J. S. Waterman and the brothers 
Mayo. In 1854, H. A. Hough estabUslied tlie 
first newspaper, "The Republican Sentinel." 
Other prosperous towns are De Kalb (population, 
2,579), Cortland, Malta and Somonauk. The sur- 
face is generally rolling, upland prairie, with 
numeroas groves and wooded tracts along the 
principal streams. Various lines of railroatl trav- 
erse tlie county, which embraces one of the 
wealthiest rural districts in the State. 

DE KALB A <;REAT WESTERN RAILROAD. 
(See Chicago Great Western Railway.) 

DELAVA>',a thriving city in Tazewell Countj', 
on the line of the Chicago ct Alton Railroad, at 
the point of its intersection with the Peoria and 
Pekin Division of the Illinois Central Railway, 34 
miles west-southwest of Bloomington and 24 
miles south of Peoria. Grain is extensively 
grown in the adjacent territory, and much 
shipped from Delavan. The place supports two 
banks, tile and brick factory, creamery, and two 
weekl}' papers. It also has five churches and a 
graded school. Pop. (1890), 1.176, (1900), 1,304. 

DEMENT, Henry Dodge, ex-Secretary of State, 
was born at Galena, 111., in 1840 — the son of 
Colonel John Dement, an early and prominent 
citizen of the State, who held the office of State 
Treasurer and was a member of the Constitu- 
tional Conventions of 1847 and 1870. Colonel 
Dement having removed to Dixon about 1845, the 
subject of this sketch was educated there and at 
Mount Morris. Having enlisted in the Thirteenth 
Illinois Volunteer Infantry in 1861, he was elected 
a Second Lieutenant and soon promoted to First 
Lieutenant — also received from Governor Yates a 
complimentary commission as Captain for gal- 
lantry at Arkans;is Post and at Chickas;iw 
Bayou, where the commander of his regiment. 
Col. J. B. Wyman, was killed. Later he served 
with General Curtis in Mississippi and in the 
Fifteenth Army Corps in tlie siege of Vicksburg. 
After leaving the army he engaged in the manu- 
facturing business for some years at Dixon. Cap- 
tain Dement entered the State Legislature by 
election as Representative from Lee County in 
1872. was re-elected in 1874 and. in 1876. was pro- 
moted to the Senate, serving in the Thirtieth and 
Thirtv-first General Assemblies. In 1880 he was 



132 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



chosen Secretary of State, and re-elected in 1884, 
serving eiglit years. The last public position held 
by Captain Dement was that of Warden of the 
State Penitentiary at Joliet, to which he was 
appointed in 1891, serving two years. His 
present home is at Oak Park, Cook County. 

DEMENT, John, was born in Sumner County, 
.Tenn., in April, 1804. When 13 years old he 
accompanied his parents to Illinois, settling in 
Franklin County, of which he was elected Sheriff 
in 1826, and which he represented in the General 
Assemblies of 1828 and '30. He served with 
distinction during the Black Hawk War, having 
previously had experience in two Indian cam- 
paigns. In 1831 he was elected State Treasurer 
by the Legislature, but, in 1836, resigned this 
office to represent Fayette County in the General 
Assembh- and aid in the fight against the removal 
of the capital to Springfield. His efforts failing 
of .success, he removed to the northern part of the 
State, finallj- locating at Dixon, where he became 
extensively engaged in manufacturing. In 1837 
President Van Buren appointed him Receiver of 
Public Mone}-s, but he was removed by President 
Harrison in 1841 ; was reappointed by Polk in 
1845, only to be again removed by Taylor in 1849 
and reappointed bj- Pierce in 1853. He held the 
office from that date until it was abolished. He 
was a Democratic Presidential Elector in 1844; 
served in three Constitutional Conventions (1847, 
'62, and "70), being Temporary President of the 
two bodies last named. He was the father of 
Hon. Denry D. Dement, Secretary of State of Illi- 
nois from 1884 to 1888. He died at his home at 
Dixon, Jan. 10, 1883. 

DENT, Thomas, lawyer, was born in Putnam 
County, 111., Nov. 14, 1831; in his youth was 
emploj'ed in the Clerk's office of Putnam County, 
meanwhile studying law; was admitted to the 
bar in 1854, and, in 1856, opened an office in Chi- 
cago; is still in practice and has served as 
President, both of the Chicago Law Institute and 
the State Bar Association. 

DES PLAINES, a village of Cook County, at the 
intersection of the Chicago & Northwestern and 
the Wisconsin Central Railroads, 17 miles north- 
west from Chicago ; is a dairying region. Popu- 
lation (1880). 818; (1890), 986; (1900), 1,666. 

DES PLAINES RIVER, a branch of the Illinois 
River, which rises in Racine County, Wis., and, 
after passing through Kenosha County, in that 
State, and Lake County, 111., running nearly 
parallel to the west shore of Lake Michigan 
through Cook County, finally unites with the 
Kankakee, about 13 miles southwest of Joliet, by 



its confluence with the latter forming the Illinois 
River. Its length is about 150 miles. The 
Chicago Drainage Canal is constructed in the 
valley of the Des Plaines for a considerable por- 
tion of the distance between Chicago and Joliet. 

DEWEY, (Dr.) Richard S., physician, alienist, 
was born at Forest ville, N. Y., Dec. 6, 1845; after 
receiving his primary education took a two years' 
course in the literary and a three years' course in 
the medical department of the Michigan Univer- 
sity at Ann Arbor, graduating from the latter in 
1869. He then began practice as House Physician 
and Surgeon in the City Hospital at Brooklyn, 
N. Y., remaining for a year, after which he 
visited Europe inspecting hospitals and sanitary 
methods, meanwhile spending six months in the 
Prussian military service as Surgeon during the 
Franco-Prussian War. After the close of the 
war he took a brief course in the University of 
Berlin, when, returning to the L^nited States, he 
was employed for seven years as Assistant Physi- 
cian in the Northern Hospital for the Insane at 
Elgin. In 1879 he was appointed Medical Super- 
intendent of the Eastern Hospital for the Insane 
at Kankakee, remaining until the accession of 
John P. Altgeld to the Governorship in 1893. 
Dr. Dewey's reputation as a specialist in the 
treatment of the insane has stood among the 
highest of his class. 

DE WITT COUNTY, situated in the central 
portion of the State ; has an area of 405 square 
miles and a population (1900) of 18,972. The land 
was originallj- owned bj- the Kickapoos and Potta- 
watomies, and not until 1820 did the first perma- 
nent white settlers occupy this region. The first 
to come were Felix Jones, Prettyman Marvel, 
William Cottrell, Samuel Glenn, and the families 
of Scott, Lundy and Coaps. Previously, how- 
ever, the first cabin had been built on the site of 
the present Farmer City by Nathan Clearwater. 
Zion Shugest erected the earliest grist-mill and 
Burrell Post the first saw-mill in the county. 
Kentuckians and Tennesseeans were the first im- 
migrants, but not until the advent of settlers from 
Ohio did permanent improvements begin to be 
made. In 1835 a school house and Presbj'terian 
church were built at Waynesville. The county 
was organized in 1839, and — with its capital 
(Clinton) — was named after one of New York's 
most distinguished Governors. It lies within the 
great "corn belt," and is well watered by Salt 
Creek and its branches. Most of the surface is 
rolling prairie, interspersed with woodland. 
Several lines of railway (among them the Illinois 
Central) cross the county. Clinton had a popu- 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



lation of 2,598 in 1390, and Farmer City, 1,3G7. 
Botli are railroad centers and liave considerable 
trade. 

DE WOLF, Calvin, pioneer and philanthropist, 
was born in Luzerne County, Pa., Feb. 18, 1815; 
taken early in life to Vermont, and, at 19 years Of 
age, commenced teaching at Orwell, in that 
State; spent one year at a manual labor school 
in Ashtabula County, Oliio, and, in 1837, came to 
Chicago, and soon after began teaching in Will 
County, still later engaging in the same vocation 
in Chicago. In 1839 he commenced the study of 
law with Messrs. Spring & Goodrich and, in 1843, 
was admitted to practice. In 1854 lie was 
elected a Justice of the Peace, retaining the 
position for a cjuarter of a century, winning for 
himself the reputation of a sagacious and incor- 
ruptible public officer. Mr. De Wolf was an 
original abolitionist and his home is said to have 
been one of the stations on the "underground 
railroad" in the days of slavery. Died Nov. 28, '99. 
DEXTER, Wirt, lawyer, born at Dexter, Mich., 
Oct. 25, 1831 ; was educated in the schools of his 
native State and at Cazenovia Seminary, N. Y. 
He was descended from a family of lawyers, his 
grandfather, Samuel Dexter, having been Secre- 
tary of War, and afterwards Secretary of the 
Treasury, in the cabinet of the elder Adams. 
Coming to Chicago at the beginning of his profes- 
sional career, Mr. Dexter gave considerable 
attention at first to his father's extensive lumber 
trade. He was a zealous and eloquent supporter 
of the Government during the Civil War, and 
was an active member of the Relief and Aid 
Society after the fire of 1871. His entire profes- 
sional life was spent in Chicago, for several years 
before his death being in the service of the Chi- 
cago, Burlington & Quincy Railroad Comp;iny as 
its general solicitor and member of the executive 
committee of tlie Board of Directors. Died in 
Cliicago. May 20. 1S!)0. 

DICKEY, HuetIi Thompson, jurist, was born in 
New York City, May 30, 1811; graduated from 
Columbia College, read law and was admitted to 
the bar. He visited Chicago in 1830, and four 
years later settled there, becoming one of its 
most influential citizens. Upon the organization 
of the County Court of Cook County in 1845, 
Mr. Dickey was appointed its Judge. In Septem- 
ber, 1848, he was elected Judge of the Seventli 
Judicial Circuit, practically without partisan 
opposition, .serving until the expiration of his 
term in 1853. He was prominently identified 
with several important commercial enterprises, 
was one of the founders of the Chicago Library 



Association, and one of the first Trustees of the 
Illinois General Hospital of the Lakes, now Mercj' 
Hospital. In 1885 he left Chicago to take up his 
residence in his native city, New York, where he 
died, Juno 2, 1892. 

DICKEY, Theophilus Lyie, lawyer and jurist, 
was born in Bourbon County, Ky., Nov. 12, 1812, 
the grandson of a Revolutionary soldier, gradu- 
ated at the Miami (Oiiio) University, and re- 
moved to Illinois in 1834, settling at Macomb, 
McDonough County, where he was admitted to 
the bar in 1835. In 183G he moved to Rushville, 
where he resided three years, a part of the time 
editing a Whig newspaper. Later he became a 
resident of Ottawa, and, at the opening of the 
Slexican V/ar, organized a company of volun- 
teers, of which he was chosen Captain. In 18G1 
he raised a regiment of cavalry which was 
mustered into service as the Fourth Illinois 
Cavalry, and of which he was commissioned 
Colonel, taking an active part in Grant's cam- 
paigns in the West. In 1805 lie resigned his 
commission and resumed the practice of his 
profession at Ottawa. In 1806 he was an 
unsuccessful candidate for Congressman for the 
State-at-large in opposition to John A. Logan, 
and, in 1868, was tendered and accepted the i)osi- 
tion of Assistant Attorney-General of the L^nited 
States, resigning after eighteen months' service. 
In 1873 he removed to Chicago, and, in 1874, was 
made Corporation Counsel. In December, 1875, 
he was elected to the Supreme Court, vice W. K. 
JlcAUister, deceased; was re-elected in 1879, and 
died at Atlantic City, Julv 22, 1885. 

DISCIPLES OF CHRIST, THE, known also as 
the Christian Church and as "Campbellites," 
having been founded by Alexander Campbell. 
Man}' members settled in Illinois in the early 
30"s, and, in tlie central portion of the State, the 
denomination .soon began to flourish greatlj'. 
Any one was admitted to membership who made 
what is termed a scriptural confe.ssion of faith 
and was baptized by immersion. Alexander 
Campbell was an eloquent preacher and a man of 
much native ability, as well as a born conver- 
sationalist. The sect has steadily grown in 
numbers and influence in the State. The United 
States Census of 1890 showed 641 churches in the 
State, with 308 ministers and an aggregate mem- 
bership of 01,587, having 550 Sunday schools, with 
50,000 pupils in attendance. The value of the 
re^al property, which included 552 church edifices 
(with a seating capacity of 155,000) and 30 parson- 
ages, was §1,167,675. The denomination supports 
Eureka College, with an attendance of between 



134 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OP ILLINOIS. 



400 and 500 students, while its assets are valued 
at $150,000. Total membership in the United 
States, estimated at 750,000. 

DIXON, an incorporated city, the county-seat 
of Lee County. It lies on both sides of Rook 
River and is the point of intei'section of the Illi- 
nois Central and the Chicago & Northwestern 
Railroads; is 98 miles west of Chicago. Rock 
River furnishes abundant water jiower and the 
manufacturing interests of tlie city are very ex- 
tensive, including large plow works, wire-cloth 
factory, wagon factory ; also has electric light 
and power plant, three shoe factories, planing 
mills, and a condensed milk factor^'. There are 
two National and one State bank, eleven 
churches, a hospital, and three newspapers. In 
schools the city particularly excels, having sev- 
eral graded (grammar) schools and two colleges. 
The Chautauqua Assembly holds its meeting here 
annually. Population (1890), 5,161; (1900), 7,917. 

BIXOX, John, pioneer — the first white settler 
in Lee County, 111., was born at Rye, West- 
chester County, N. Y., Oct. 9, 1784; at 21 removed 
to New York City, where he was in business some 
fifteen years. In 1820 he set out with liis family 
for the West, traveling by land to Pittsburg, 
and thence by flat-boat to Shawneetown. Having 
disembarked his horses and goods here, he pushed 
out towards the northwest, passing the vicinity 
of Springfield, and finally locating on Fancy 
Creek, some nine miles north of the present site 
of tliat city. Here he remained some five years, 
in that time serving as foreman of the first Sanga- 
mon County Grand Jury. The new county of 
Peoria having been established in 1825. he was 
offered and accepted the appointment of Circuit 
Clerk, removing to Fort Clark, as Peoria was 
then called. Later he became contractor for 
carrying the mail on the newly established route 
between Peoria and Galena. Compelled to pro- 
vide means of crossing Rock River, he induced a 
French and Indian half-breed, named Ogee, to 
take charge of a ferry at a point afterwards 
known as Ogee's Ferry. The tide of travel to the 
lead-mine region caused both the mail-route and 
the ferry to prove profitable, and, as the half- 
breed ferryman could not endure prosperity, Mr. 
Dixon was forced to buy him out, removing his 
family to this point in April, 1830. Here he 
established friendly relations with the Indians, 
and, during the Black Hawk War ,two years later, 
was enabled to render valuable service to the 
State. His station was for many years one of 
the most important points in Northern Illinois, 
and among the men of national reputation who 



were entertained at different times at his home 
may be named Gen. Zachary Taylor, Albert Sid 
ney Johnston, Gen. Winfleld Scott, Jefferson 
Davis, Col. Robert Anderson, Abraham Lincoln, 
Col. E. D. Baker and many more. He bought the 
land where Dixon now stands in 1835 and laid off 
the town ; in 1838 was elected by the Legislature 
a member of the Board of Public Works, and, in 
1840, secured the removal of tlie land office from 
Galena to Dixon. Colonel Dixon was a delegate 
from Lee County to the Republican State Con- 
vention at Bloomington, in May, 1856, and, 
althougli then considerably over 70 years o€ age, 
spoke from the same stand with Abraham Lin- 
coln, his presence producing much enthusiasm. 
His death occurred, July 6, 1876. 

DOANE, John Wesley, merchant and banker, 
was born at Thompson, Windham County, Conn., 
March 23, 1833; was educated in the common 
schools, and, at 22 years of age, came to Chicago 
and opened a small grocery store wliich, by 1870, 
had become one of the most extensive concerns 
of its kind in the Northwest. It was swept out 
of existence by the fire of 1871, but was re-estab- 
lished and, in 1872, transferred to other [jarties, 
although Mr. Doane continued to conduct an 
importing business in many lines of goods used in 
the grocery trade. Having become interested in 
the Merchants' Loan & Trust Company, he was 
elected its President and has continued to act in 
that capacity. He is also a stockholder and a 
Director of the Pullman Palace Car Company, 
the Allen Paper Car Wheel Company and the 
Illinois Central Railroad, and was a leading 
promoter of the World's Columbian Exposition of 
1893 — being one of those wlio guaranteed the 
$5,000,000 to be raised by the citizens of Chicago 
to assure the success of the enterprise. 

DOLTON STATION, a village of Cook County, 
on the Chicago & Eastern Illinois, the Chicago & 
Western Indiana, and the Pittsburg, Cincinnati, 
Chicago & St. Louis Railroads, 16 miles south of 
Chicago ; has a carriage factory, a weekly paper, 
churches and a graded school. Population ( 1880) 
448; (1890). 1,110; (1900), 1,229. 

1)0X{t()LA, a village in Union County, on the 
Illinois Central Railroad, 27 miles north of Cairo. 
Population (1880), 599; (1890), 733; (1900), 681. 

DOOLITTLE, James Rood, United States 
Senator, was born in Hampton, Washington 
County, N. Y., Jan 3. 1815; educated at Middle- 
bury and Geneva (now Hobart) Colleges, admitted 
to the bar in 1837 and practiced at Rochester and 
Warsaw, N. Y. ; was elected District Attorney of 
Wjoming County, N. Y.. in 1845, anfL in 1851 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



135 



removed to Wisconsin ; two years later was 
elected Circuit Judge, but resigned in I80G, and 
the following year was elected as a Democratic- 
Republican to the United States Senate, being 
re-elected as a Republican in 18G3. Retiring 
from public life in 18G9, he afterwards resided 
chiefly at Racine, Wis., though practicing in the 
courts of Chicago. lie was President of the 
National Union Convention at Philadelphia in 
18GG, and of the National Democratic Convention 
of 1873 in Baltimore, wliicli endorsed Horace 
Greeley for President. Died, at Edgewood, R. I., 
July 27, 1807. 

DORE, John Clark, first Superintendent of 
Chicago City Schools, was born at Ossii)ee, N. H., 
March 22, 1822; tegan teaching at 17 years of age 
and graduated at Dartmouth College in 1847; 
then taught several years and, in 1854, was 
offered anil accepted the position of Superintend- 
ent of City Schools of Chicago, but resigned two 
years later. Afterwards eng;iging in I)usiness, 
he served as Vice-Presiilent and President of 
the Board of Trade, President of the Com- 
mercial Insurance Company and of the State 
Savings Institution ; was a member of the State 
Senate, 1808-72, and has been identified with 
various benevolent organizations of the city of 
Chicago. Died in Boston, :Mass., Dec, 14. 1900. 

POlMiHERTY, John, lawyer and Lieutenant- 
Governor, was born at JIarietta, Ohio, May 6, 
180G; brought by his parents, in 1808, to Cape 
Girardeau, 5Io. , where they remained imtil after 
the di-sastrous earthquakes in that region in 
1811-12, when, his father having died, his mother 
removed to Jonesboro, 111. Here he finally read 
law with Col. A. P. Field, afterwards Secretary 
of State, being admitted to the bar in 1831 and 
early attaining prominence as a successful 
criminal lawyer. He soon became a recognized 
jvilitical leader, was elected as a member of the 
House to the Eighth General Assembly (1832) 
and re-elected in 1834, '3G and "40, and again in 
1856, and to the Senate in 1842, serving in the 
latter body until the adoption of the Constitution 
of 1848. Originally a Democrat, he was, in 1858, 
the Administration (Buchanan) candidate for 
State Treasurer, as opposed to the Douglas wing 
of the party, but, in 1801, became a strong sup- 
porter of Abraham Lincoln. Ho served as Presi- 
dential Elector on the Republican ticket in 18G4 
and in 1872 (the former year for the Stiite- at- 
large), in 18G8 was elected Lieutenant-Governor 
and, in 1877, to a seat on the criminal bench, 
.serving until June, 1879. Died, at Jonesboro, 
Sept. 7, 1879. 



DOUGLAS, John M., lawyer anil Railway 
President, was born at Plattsburg, Clinton 
County, N. Y., August 22, 1819; read law three 
years in his native city, then came west and 
settled at Galena, 111., where he was admitted to 
the bar in 1841 and began practice. In 1856 he 
removed to Chicago, and, the following year, 
became one of the solicitors of the Illinois Central 
Railroad, with which he had been associated as 
an attorney at Galena. Between 1861 and 1876 
he was a Director of the Company over twelve 
years ; from 1865 to 1871 its President, and again 
for eighteen months in 1875-76, when he retired 
permanently. Mr. Douglas' contemporaries speak 
of him as a lawyer of great ability, as well 
as a capable executive officer. Died, in Chicago, 
March 25, 1891. 

DOUGLAS, Steplieu Arnold, statesman, was 
born at Brandon, Vt., April 23, 1813. In conse- 
quence of the death of his father in infancy, 
his early educational sidvantages were limited. 
When fifteen he applied himself to the cabinet- 
maker's trade, and, in 1830, accompanied his 
mother and step-father to Ontario County, N. Y. 
In 1833 he beg;in the study of law, but started for 
the West in 1833. He taught school at Win- 
chester, 111., reading law at night and practicing 
before a Justice of the Peace on Saturdays. He 
was soon admitted to the bar and took a deep 
interest in politics. In 1835 he was elected Prose- 
cuting Attorney for Morgan County, but a few 
months later resigned this office to enter the 
lower house of the Legislature, to which he was 
elected in 1836. In 1838 he was a candidate for 
Congress, but was defeated bj' John T. Stuart, his 
Whig opponent; was apjwinted Secretary of 
State in December, 1840, and, in Februarj', 1841, 
elected Judge of the Supreme Court. He was 
elected to Congress in 1842, '44 and '46, and, in 
the latter year, was chosen United States Sena- 
tor, taking his seat March 4, 1847, and lieing 
re-elected in 1853 and '59. His last canvass was 
rendered memorable through his joint debate, in 
1858, before the i)eople of the State with Abraham 
Lincoln, whom he defeated before the Legisla- 
ture. He was a candidate for the presidential 
nomination before the Democratic National 
Conventions of 1852 and '56. In 1860, after having 
failed of a nomination for the Presidency at 
Charleston, S. C, through the operation of the 
"two thirds rule," he received the nomination 
from the adjourned convention held at Biiltimore 
six weeks later — though not until the delegates 
from nearly all the .Southern States had with- 
drawn, the seceding delegates afterwards nomi- 



136 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



nating John C. Breckenridge. Although defeated 
for tlie Presidency by Lincoln, his old-time 
antagonist, Douglas yielded a cordial support to 
the incoming administration in its attitude 
toward the seceded States, occupying a place of 
honor beside Mr. Lincoln on the portico of the 
capitol during the inauguration ceremonies. As 
politician, orator and statesman, Douglas had 
few superiors. Quick in perception, facile in 
expedients, ready in resources, earnest and 
fearless in utterance, he was a born "leader of 
men." His shortness of stature, considered in 
relation to his extraordinary mental acumen, 
gained for him the sobriquet of the "Little 
Giant." He died in Chicago, June 3, 18G1. 

DOUGLAS COUNTY, lying a little east of the 
center of the State, embracing an area of 410 
square miles and having a population (1900) of 
19,097. The earliest land entry was made by 
Harrison Gill, of Kentucky, whose patent was 
signed by Andrew Jackson. Another early 
settler was John A. Richman, a West Virginian, 
who erected one of the first frame houses in 
the coimty in 1829. The Embarras and Kas- 
kaskia Rivers flow through the county, which is 
also crossed by the Wabash and Illinois Central 
Railways. Douglas County was organized in 
1S57 (being set off from Coles) and named in 
honor of Stephen A. Douglas, then United States 
Senator from Illinois. After a sharp struggle Tus- 
cola was made the county-seat. It has been 
visited by several disastrous conflagrations, but 
is a thriving town, credited, in 1890, with a 
population of 1,897. Other important towns are 
Areola (population, 1,733), and Camargo, which 
was originally known as New Salem. 

DOWXERS GROVE, village, Du Page County, 
on C, B. & Q. R. R., 21 miles south- southwest from 
Chicago, incorporated 1873 ; has water- works, elec- 
tric lights, telephone system, good schools, bank 
and a newspaper. Pop. (1890), 960; (1900), 3,103. 

DOWJiIXG, Finis Ewing, ex-Congressman and 
lawyer, was born at Virginia, 111., August 34, 
1846 ; reared on a farm and educated in the public 
and private schools of his native town; from 1865 
was engaged in mercantile pursuits until 1880, 
when he was elected Clerk of the Circuit Court 
of Cass County, serving three successive terms; 
read law and was admitted to the bar in Decem- 
ber, 1887. In August, 1891, he became interested 
in "The Virginia Enquirer" (a Democratic 
paper), which he has since conducted; was 
elected Secretary of the State Senate in 1893, 
and, in 1894, was returned as elected to the Fifty- 
fourth Congress from the Sixteenth District by a 



plurality of forty votes over Gen. John I. Rinaker, 
the Republican nominee. A contest and recount 
of the ballots resulted, however, in awarding tlie 
seat to General Rinaker. In 189G Mr. Downing 
was the nominee of his party for Secretary of 
State, but was defeated with the rest of his ticket. 

DRAKE, Francis Marion, soldier and Governor, 
was born at Rushville, Schuyler County, 111., 
Dec. 30, 1830; early taken to Drakesville, Iowa, 
which his father founded ; entered mercantile 
life at 10 years of age ; crossed the plains to Cali- 
fornia in 18o2, had experience in Indian warfare 
and, in 1859, established liimself in business at 
TJnionville, Iowa; served through the Civil War, 
becoming Lieutenant-Colonel and retiring in 
1865 with the rank of Brigadier-General by 
brevet. He re-entered mercantile life after the 
war, was admitted to the bar in 1866, subsequently 
engaged in railroad building and, in 1881, contrib- 
buted the bulk of the funds for founding Drake 
University; was elected Governor of Iowa in 
1895, serving until January, 1898. 

DRAPER, Andrew Sloan, LL.D., lawyer and 
educator, was born in Otsego County, N. Y., 
June 21, 1848 — being a descendant, in the eighth 
generation, from the "Puritan," James Draper, 
who settled in Boston in 1647. In 1855 Mr. 
Draper's parents settled in Albany, N. Y., where 
he attended school, winning a scholarship in the 
Albany Academy in 1863, and graduating from 
that institution in 1866. During the next four 
years he was employed in teaching, part of the 
time as an instructor at his alma mater ; but, in 
1871, graduated from the Union College Law 
Department, when he began practice. The rank 
he attained in the profession was indicated by 
his appointment by President Arthur, in 1884, 
one of the Judges of the Alabama Claims Com- 
mission, upon which he served until the conclu- 
sion of its labors in 1886. He had previously 
served in the New York State Senate (1880) and, 
in 1884, was a delegate to the Republican National 
Convention, also serving as Chairman of the 
Republican State Central Committee the same 
year. After his retui-n from Europe in 1886, he 
.served as State Superintendent of Public Instruc- 
tion of New York until 1892, and, in 1889, and 
again in 1890, was President of the National 
Association of School Superintendents. Soon 
after retiring from the State Superintendency in 
New York, he was chosen Superintendent of 
Public Schools for the city of Cleveland, Ohio, 
remaining in that position until 1894, wlien he 
was elected President of the L^niversity of Illinois 
at Champaign, where he now is. His adminis- 



niSTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



137 



tration has been characterized by enterprise and 
sagacity, and hiis tended to promote tlie popular- 
ity and prosperitj' of the institution. 

DRESSER, Charle», clergyman, was born at 
Ponifret, Conn., Feb. 34, 1800; graduated from 
Brown Universit3' in 1823, went to Virginia, 
where he studied theologj- and was ordained a 
minister of the Protestant Episcopal Church. In 
1838 he removed to Springfield, and became rector 
of St. Paul's Episcopal Church there, retiring in 
1858. On Nov. 4, 1842, Mr. Dresser performed the 
ceremony uniting Abraham Lincoln and Mary 
Todd in marriage. He died, March 2.5. 186,5. 

DRUMMOND, Thomas, jurist, was born at 
Bristol Mills, Lincoln County, Maine, Oct. 16, 
1809. After graduating from Bowdoin College, in 
1830, he studied law at Pliiladelphia, where he was 
admitted to the bar in 1833. He settled at 
Galena, 111., in 1835, and was a member of the 
General Assembly in 1840-41. In 1850 he was 
appointed United States District Judge for the 
District of Illinois as successor to Judge Nathaniel 
Pope, and four j-ears later removed to Chicago. 
Upon the division of the State into two judicial 
districts, in 1855, he was a.ssigned to the North- 
ern. In 1869 he was elevated to the bench of the 
United States Circuit Court, and presided over 
the Seventh Circuit, which at tliat time included 
the States of Indiana, Illinois and Wisconsin. In 
1884 — at the age of 75 — he resigned, living in 
retirement until his death, which occurred at 
Wheaton. 111., May 15, 1890. 

DUBOIS, Jesse Kilgore, State Auditor, was 
born, Jan. 14, 1811, in Lawrence County, 111., 
near Vincennes, Ind., where his father, Capt. 
Toussaint Dulxiis, had settled about 1780. The 
latter was a native of Canada, of French descent, 
and, after settling in the Northwest Territory, 
had been a personal friend of General Harrison, 
under whom he ser%-ed in the Indian wars, 
including the battle of Tippecanoe. The son 
received a partial collegiate education at Bloom- 
ington, Ind.. but, at 24 years of age (1834), was 
elected to the General As.senibly, serving in the 
same House with Abraham Lincoln, and being 
re-elected in 1836, '38, and "42. In 1841 he was 
appointed by President Harrison Register of the 
Land Office at Palestine, 111. , but soon resigned, 
giving his attention to mercantile pursuits until 
1849, when he was appointed Receiver of Public 
Moneys at Palestine, but was removed by Pierce 
in 18.53. He was a Delegate to the first Repub- 
lican State Convention, at Bloomington. in 1856, 
and, on the recommendation of Mr. Lincoln, was 
nominated for Auditor of Public Accounts, 



renominated in 1860, and elected both times. In 
1864 he was a candidate for the nomination of 
his party for Governor, but was defeated by 
General Oglesby, serving, however, on the 
National Executive Committee of that year, and 
as a delegate to the National Convention of 1868. 
Died, at liis home near Springfield, Nov. 32, 1870. 
— Fred T. (Dubois), son of the preceding, was 
born in Crawford County, 111., May 29, 1851; 
received a common-school and classical educa- 
tion, graduating from Yale College in 1872 ; was 
Secretary of the Illinois Railway and Warehouse 
Commission in 1875-76 ; went to Idaho Territory 
and engaged in business in 1880, was appointed 
United States Marshal there in 1882, serving until 
1886; elected as a Republican Delegate to the 
Fiftieth and Fifty -first Congresses, and, on the 
admission of Idaho as a State (1890), became 
one of the first United States Senators, his term 
extending to 1897. He was Chairman of the 
Idaho delegation in the National Republican 
Convention at Minneapolis in 1892, and was a 
member of the National Republican Convention 
at St. Louis in 1896, but seceded from that body 
with Senator Teller of Colorado, and has since 
cooperated with the Populists and PVee Silver 
Democrats. 

DUCAT, Arthur Charles, soldier and civil 
engineer, was born in Dublin, Ireland, Feb. 24, 
1830, received a liberal education and became a 
civil engineer. He settled in Chicago in 1851, 
and six years later was made Secretary and Chief 
Surveyor of the Board of UnderwTiters of that 
city. While acting in this capacity, he virtually 
revised the schedule system of rating fire-risks. 
In 1861 he raised a company of 300 engineers, 
sappers and miners, but neither the State nor 
Federal authorities would accept it. Thereupon 
he enlisted as a private in the Twelfth Illinois 
Volunteers, but his ability earned him rapid 
promotion. He rose through the grades of Cap- 
tain, Major and Lieutenant-Colonel, to tliat of 
Colonel, and was brevetted Brigadier-General in 
February, 1864. Compelled by sickness to leave the 
army. General Ducat returned to Cliicago, 
re-entering the insurance field and finally, after 
holding various responsible positions, engaging 
in general business in that line. In 1875 he was 
entriLsted with the task of reorganizing the State 
militia, which he performed with signal success. 
Died, at Downer's Grove. 111.. Jan. 29. l.'^96. 

DUELS AXB AXTI-DUELIX; L.1WS. - Al- 
though a majority of the population of Illinois, 
in Territorial days, came from Southern States 
where the duel was vridely regarded as the proper 



138 



HISTOKICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



mode for settling "difficulties" of a personal 
character, it is a curious fact that so few ' 'affairs 
of honor" (so-called) should have occurred on 
Illinois soil. The first "affair" of this sort of 
which either history or tradition has handed 
down any account, is said to have occurred 
between an English and a French officer at the 
time of the surrender of Fort Chartres to the 
British in 1765, and in connection with that 
event. The officers are said to have fought with 
small swords one Sunday morning near the Fort, 
when one of them was killed, but the name of 
neither the victor nor the vanquished lias come 
down to the present time. Gov. John Reynolds, 
who is the authority for the story in his "Pioneer 
History of Illinois," claimed to have received it 
in his boyhood from an aged Frenchman who 
represented that he had seen the combat. 

An affair of less doubtful authenticity has come 
down to us in tlie history of the Territorial 
period, and, althougli it was at first bloodless, it 
finally ended in a tragedy. This was the Jones- 
Bond affair, which originated at Kaskaskia in 
1808. Rice Jones was the son of John Rice Jones, 
the first English-speaking lawyer in the "Illinois 
Country." The younger Jones is described as an 
exceptionally brilliant young man who, having 
studied law, located at Kaskaskia in 1806. Two 
years later he became a candidate for Represent- 
ative from Randolph County in the Legislature 
of Indiana Territory, of which Illinois was a part. 
In the course of the canvass which resulted in 
Jones' election, he became involved in a quarrel 
with Shadrach Bond, who was then a member of 
the Territorial Council from the same county, 
and afterwards became Delegate in Congress 
from Illinois and the first Governor of tlie State. 
Bond challenged Jones and the meeting took 
place on an island in the Mississippi between 
Kaskaskia and St. Genevieve. Bond's second 
was a Dr. James Dunlap of Kaskaskia, who 
appears also to have been a bitter enemy of Jones. 
The discharge of a pistol in the hand of Jones 
after the combatants had taken their places 
preliminary to the order to "fire," raised the 
question whether it wils accidental or to be 
regarded as Jones' fire. Dunlap maintained the 
latter, but Bond accepted the explanation of liis 
adversary that the discharge was accidental, and 
the generosity which he displayed led to expla- 
nations that averted a final exchange of shots. 
The feud thus started between Jones and Dunlap 
grew imtil it involved a large part of the com- 
munity. On Dec. 7, 1808, Dunlap shot down 
Jones in cold blood and without warning in 



the streets of Kaskaskia, killing him instantly. 
The murderer fled to Texas and was never heard 
of about Kaskaskia afterwards. This incident 
furnishes tlie basis of the most graphic chapter 
in Mrs. Catherwood's story of "Old Kaskaskia." 
Prompted by this tragical affair, no doubt, the 
Governor and Territorial Judges, in 1810, framed a 
stringent law for the suppression of dueling, in 
which, in case of a fatal result, all parties con- 
nected with the affair, as principals or seconds, 
were held to be guilty of murder. 

Governor Reynolds furnishes the record of a 
duel between Thomas Rector, the member of a 
noted family of that name at Kaskaskia, and one 
Joshua Barton, supposed to have occurred some- 
time during the War of 1812, though no exact 
dates are given. This affair took place on the 
favorite dueling ground known as "Bloody 
Island," opposite St. Louis, so often resorted to 
at a later day, by devotees of "the code" in Mis- 
souri. Reynolds says that "Barton fell in the 
conflict." 

The next affair of which history makes men- 
tion grew out of a drunken carousel at Belleville, 
in February, 1819, which ended in a duel between 
two men named Alonzo Stuart and William 
Bennett, and the killing of Stuart by Bennett. 
The managers of the affair for the principals are 
said to have agreed that the guns should be loaded 
with blank cartridges, and Stuart was let into the 
secret but Bennett was not. When the order to 
fire came, Bennett's gun proved to have been 
loaded with ball. Stuart fell mortally wounded, 
expiring almost immediately. One report says 
that the duel was intended as a sham, and was so 
understood by Bennett, who was horrified by the 
result. He and his two seconds were arrested for 
murder, but Bennett broke jail and fled to 
Arkansas. The seconds were tried, Daniel P. 
Cook conducting the prosecution and Thomas H. 
Benton defending, the trial resulting in their 
acquittal. Two years later, Bennett was appre- 
hended by some sort of artifice, put on his trial, 
convicted and executed — Judge John Reynolds 
(afterwards Governor) presiding and pronouncing 
sentence. 

In a footnote to "The Edwards Papers," 
edited by tlie late E. B. Washburne, and printed 
under the auspices of the Chicago Historical 
Society, a few years ago, Mr. Washburne relates 
an incident occurring in Galena about 1838, while 
"The Northwestern Gazette and Galena Adver- 
tiser" was under the charge of Sylvester M. 
Bartlett, who was afterwards one of the founders 
of "The Quincy Whig." The story, as told by 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



139 



Ji^ "Washburne, is as follows: "David G. Bates 
(a Galena business man and csiptain of a packet 
plying between St. Lonis and Galena) wrote a 
short communication for the paper reflecting on 
the character of John Turney, a prominent law- 
yer who had been a member of the House of 
Representatives in 1828-30, from the District 
composed of Pike, Adams, Fulton, Schuyler, 
Peoria and Jo Daviess Counties. Turney de- 
manded the name of the author and Bartlett gave 
up the name of Bates. Turney refused to take 
any notice of Bates and then challenged Bartlett 
to a duel, which was promptly accepted by Bart- 
lett. The second of Turney was the Hon. Joseph 
P. Hoge, afterward a member of Congress from 
the Galena District. Bartlett's second was 
William A. Warren, now of Bellevue, Iowa." 
(Warren was a prominent Union officer during 
the Civil War.) "The parties went out to the 
ground selected for the duel, in what was then 
Wisconsin Territory, seven miles north of Galena, 
and, after one ineffectual fire, the matter was 
compromised. Subsequently, Bartlett removed 
to Quincy, and was for a long time connected 
with the publication of 'The Quincy Whig.'"' 

During the session of the Twelfth General 
Assembly (1841), A. R. Dodge, a Democratic 
Representative from Peoria County, feeling him- 
self aggrieved by some reflections indulged by Gen. 
John J. Hardin (then a Wliig Representative 
from Morgan County) upon the Democratic party 
in connection with the partisan reorganization 
of the Supreme Court, threatened to "call out" 
Hardin. The affair was referred to W. L. D. 
Ewing and W. A. Richardson for Dodge, an<l 
J. J. Brown and E. B. Webb for Hardin, witli 
the result that it was amicably adjusted "honor- 
abl}' to both parties." 

It was during the same -session that Jolm A. 
McClemand, then a young and fiery member 
from Gallatin County — who had, two j'ears 
before, been appointed Secretary of State by 
Governor Carlin, but had been debarred from 
taking the office by an adverse decision of tlie 
Supreme Court — indulged in a violent attack 
upon the Wliig members of the Court based upon 
aUegations afterwards shown to have been fur- 
nished by Theophilus W. Smith, a Democratic 
member of the same court. Smith having joined 
his associates in a card denying the truth of the 
charges, McClemand responded with the publi- 
cation of the cards of persons tracing the allega- 
tions directly to Smith him.self. This brought a 
note from Smith which McClemand construed into 
a challenge and answered with a prompt accept- 



ance. Attorney-General Lamborn, having got 
wind of the affair, lodged a complaint with a 
Springfield Justice of the Peace, which resulted 
in placing the pugnacious jurist under bonds to 
keep the peace, when he took his departure for 
Chicago, and the "affair" ended. 

An incident of greater historical interest than 
all the others yet mentioned, was the affair in 
wliich James Shields and Abraham Lincohi — the 
former the State Auditor and the latter at that 
time a j'oung attorney at Springfield — were con- 
cerned. A communication in doggerel verse liad 
appeared in "The Springfield Journal" riilicuUng 
the Auditor. Shields made demand upon the 
editor (Mr. Simeon Francis) for the name of the 
author, and, in accordance with previous under- 
standing, the name of Lincoln was given. (Evi- 
dence, later coming to light, showed that the real 
authors were Miss Mary Todd — who, a few months 
later, became Mrs. Lincoln — and Miss Julia Jaj-ne, 
afterwards the wife of Senator Trumbull.) 
Shields, through John D. Whiteside, a former 
State Treasurer, demanded a retraction of the 
offensive matter — the demand being presented to 
Lincoln at Tremont. in Tazewell County, where 
Lincoln was attending court. Without attempt- 
ing to follow the affair through all its complicated 
details — Shields having assumed that Lincoln was 
the author without further investigation, and 
Lincoln refusing to make any explanation unless 
the first demand was withdrawn — Lincoln named 
Dr. E. H. Jlerriman as his second and accepted 
Shield's challenge, naming cavalry broadswords 
as the weapons and the Missouri shore, within 
three miles of the city of Alton, as the place. 
The principals, with their "friends," met at the 
appointed time and pUice (Sept. 23, 1842, opposite 
the city of Alton) ; but, in the meantime, mutual 
friends, having been apprised of what was going 
on, also appeared on the ground and brought 
about explanations which averted an actual con- 
flict. Tliose especially instrumental in bringing 
about this result were Gen. John J. Hardin of 
Jacksonville, and Dr. R. W. English of Greene 
County, while John D. Whiteside. W. L. D. 
Ewing and Dr. T. M. Hope acted as represent- 
atives of Sliields, and Dr. E. H. Merriman, 
Dr. A. T. Bledsoe and William Butler for Lincoln. 

Out of this affair, within the next few day.s, 
followed challenges from Shields to Butler and 
Whiteside to Merriman ; but, although these were 
accepted, yet owing to some objection on the part 
of the challenging party to the conditions named 
by the party challenged, thereby resulting in de- 
lay, no meeting actually took place. 



140 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



Another affair whicli bore important results 
without ending in a tragedy, occurred during the 
session of tlie Constitutional Convention in 18-17. 
The parties to it were O. C. Pratt and Thompson 
Campbell — both Delegates from Jo Daviess 
County, and both Democrats. Some sparring 
between them over the question of suffrage for 
naturalized foreigners resulted in an invitation 
from Pratt to Campbell to meet him at the 
Planters' House in St. Louis, with an intimation 
that this was for the purpose of arranging the 
preliminaries of a duel. Both parties were on 
hand before the appointed time, but their arrest 
by the St. Louis authorities and putting them 
under heavy bonds to keep the peace, gave them 
an exciise for returning to their convention 
duties without coming to actual hostilities — if 
they had such intention. This was promptly 
followed by the adoption in Convention of the 
provision of the Constitution of 1848, disqualify- 
ing any person engaged in a dueling affair, either 
as principal or second, from holding any office of 
honor or profit in the State. 

The last and principal affair of this kind of 
historic significance, in which a citizen of Illinois 
was engaged, though not on Illinois soil, was that 
in which Congressman William H. Bissell, after- 
wards Governor of Illinois, and Jefferson Davis 
were concerned in February, 1850. During the 
debate on the "Compromise Measures" of that 
year. Congressman Seddon of Virginia went out 
of his way to indulge in implied reflections upon 
the courage of Northern soldiers as displayed on 
the battle-field of Buena Vista, and to claim for 
the Mississippi regiment commanded by Davis 
the credit of saving the day. Replying to these 
claims Colonel Bissell took occasion to correct the 
Virginia Congressman's statements, and especi- 
ally to vindicate the good name of tlie Illinois and 
Kentucky troops. In doing so he declared that, 
at the critical moment alluded to by Seddon, 
when the Indiana regiment gave way, Davis's 
regiment was not within a mile and a half of the 
scene of action. This was construed by Davis as 
a reflection upon his troops, and led to a challenge 
which was promptly accepted by Bissell, who 
named the soldier's weapon (the common army 
musket), loaded with ball and buckshot, with 
forty paces as the distance, with liberty to 
advance up to ten — otherwise leaving the pre- 
liminaries to be settled by his friends. The evi- 
dence manifested by Bissell that he was not to be 
intimidated, but was prepared to face death 
itself to vindicate his own honor and that of his 
comrades in the field, was a surprise to the Soutli- 



ern leaders, and they soon found a way for Davis 
to withdraw his challenge on condition that 
Bissell should add to his letter of acceptance a 
clause awarding credit to the Mississippi regi- 
ment for wlaat they actually did, but without dis- 
avowing or retracting a single word he had 
uttered in his speech. In the meantime, it is said 
that President Taylor, who was the father-in-law 
of Davis, having been apprised of what was on 
foot, had taken precautions to prevent a meeting 
by instituting legal proceedings the niglit before 
it was to take place, though this was rendered 
unnecessarj- by the act of Davis himself. Thus, 
Colonel Bissell's position was virtually (though 
indirectly) justified by his enemies. It is true, 
he was violently assailed by his political opponents 
for alleged violation of the inhibition in the State 
Constitution against dueling, especially when he 
came to take the oath of office as Governor of 
Illinois, seven years later; but his course in "turn- 
ing the tables' ' against his fire-eating opponents 
aroused the enthusiasm of the North, while his 
friends maintained that the act having been 
performed beyond the jurisdiction of the State, 
he was technically not guilty of any violation of 
the laws. 

While the provision in the Constitution of 1848, 
against dueling, was not re-incorporated in that 
of 1870, the laws on the subject are very strin- 
gent. Besides imposing a penalty of not less than 
one nor more tlian five years' imprisonment, or a 
fine not exceeding $3,000, upon any one who, as 
principal or second, participates in a duel with a 
deadly weapon, whether such duel proves fatal 
or not, or who sends, carries or accepts a chal- 
lenge: the law also provides that any one con- 
victed of such offense shall be disqualified for 
holding "any office of profit, trust or emolument, 
either civil or military, under the Constitution or 
laws of this State." Any person leaving the 
State to send or receive a challenge is subject to 
the same penalties as if the offense had been 
committed within the State ; and any person who 
may inflict upon his antagonist a fatal wound, as 
the result of an engagement made in this State to 
fight a duel beyond its jurisdiction — when the 
person so woimded dies within this State — is held 
to be guilty of murder and subject to punisliment 
for the same. The publishing of any person as a 
coward, or the applying to him of opprobrious or 
abusive language, for refusing to accept a chal- 
lenge, is declared to be a crime punisliable bj' 
fine or imprisonment. 

DDFF, Andrew D., lawyer and Judge, was 
born of a family of pioneer settlers in Bond 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



141 



Coimty, 111., Jan. 24, 1820; was educated in the 
country schools, and, from 1842 to 1847, spent his 
time in teaching and as a farmer. The latter 
year he removed to Benton, Franklin County, 
where he began reading law, but suspended his 
studies to enlist in the Mexican War, serving as a 
private; in 1849 was elected County Judge of 
Franklin County, and, in the following j'ear, was 
admitted to the bar. In 1861 he wsis elected 
Judge for the Twenty-sixth Circuit and re- 
elected in 18G7, serving until 1873. lie also 
served as a Delegate in the State Constitutional 
Convention of 1802 from the district composed of 
Franklin and Jackson Counties, and, being a 
zealoiis Democrat, was one of the leaders in 
calling the mass meeting held at Peoria, in 
August, 1864, to protest against the policy of the 
Government in the prosecution of the war. 
About the close of his last term upon the bench 
(1873), he removed to Carbondale, where he con- 
tinued to reside. In his later years he be- 
came an Independent in politics, acting for 
a time in cooperation with the friends of 
temperance. In 1885 he was appointed by joint 
resolution of the Legislature on a commission to 
revise the revenue code of the State. Died, at 
Tucson, Ariz., June 25, 1889. 

DUXCAX, Joseph, Congressman and Gov- 
ernor, was born at Paris, Ky., Feb. 22, 1794; 
emigrated to Illinois in 1818, having previously 
served with distinction in the War of 1812, and 
been presented with a sword, by vote of Congress, 
for gallant conduct in the defense of Fort Stephen- 
son. He was commissioned Major-General of 
Illinois militia in 1823 and elected State Senator 
from Jackson County in 1824. He served in the 
lower house of Congress from 1827 to 1834, when 
he resigned his seat to occupy the guVternatorial 
chair, to which he was elected the latter year. He 
was the author of the first free-school law, 
adopted in 1825. His executive jxjlicy was con- 
servative and consistent, and his administration 
successful. He erected the first frame building 
at Jacksonville, in 1834, and was a liberal friend 
of Illinois College at that place. In his personal 
character he was kindly, genial and unassuming, 
although fearless in the expression of his convic- 
tions. He was the Whig candidate for Governor 
in 1842, when he met with his first political 
defeat. Died, at Jacksonville, Jan. 1.5, 1844, 
mourned by men of all parties. 

DUXCAN, Thomas, soldier, was bom in Kas- 
kaskia. 111., April 14, 1809; ser\-ed as a private in 
the Illinois mounted volunteers during the Black 
Hawk War of 1832; also as First Lieutenant of 



cavalry in the regular army in the Mexican War 
(1846), and as Major and Lieutenant-Colonel 
during the War of the Rebellion, still later doing 
duty upon the frontier keeping the Indians in 
check. He was retired from active service in 
1873, and died in Washington, Jan. 7, 1887. 

DUXDEE, a town on Fox River, in Kane 
County, 5 miles (by rail) north of Elgin and 47 
miles west-northwest of Chicago. It has two 
distinct corporations — East and We-st Dundee — 
but is progressive and united in action. Dairy 
farming is the principal industry of the adjacent 
region, and the town has two large milk-con- 
deasing plants, a cheese factory, etc. It has good 
water power and there are fiour and saw-mills, 
besides brick and tile-works, an.extensive nursery, 
two banks, six churches, a handsome high scliool 
building, a public library and one weekly jjajjer. 
Population (1890), 2,023; (1900), 2,765. 

DUXHAM, John High, banker and Board of 
Trade operator, was born in Seneca County, 
N. Y., 1817; came to Chicago in 1844, engaged in 
the wholesale grocery trade, and, a few years 
later, took a prominent part in solving the ques- 
tion of a water supply for the city ; was elected to 
the Twentieth General A.ssembly (185G) and the 
next J'ear assisted in organizing the Merchants' 
Loan & Trust Company, of which he became the 
first President, retiring five years later and re- 
engaging in the mercantile business. While 
Hon. Hugh McCuUough was Secretary of the 
Treasury, he was appointed National Bank 
Examiner for Illinois, serving until 1866. He 
was a member of the Chicago Historical Society, 
the Academy of Sciences, and an early member 
of the Board of Trade. Died, April 28, 1893, 
leaving a large estate. 

DUXHAM, Ransom W., merchant and Con- 
gressman, was born at Savoy, Mass., March 21, 
1838; after graduating from the High School at 
Springfield, Mass., in 18.55, was connected with 
the Massachusetts Mutual Life Insurance Com- 
pany until August, ISGO. In 1857 he removed 
from Springfield to Chicago, and at the termina- 
tion of his connection with the Insurance Com- 
pany, embarked in the grain and provision 
commission business in that city, and, in 1882, 
was President of the Chicago Boanl of Trade. 
From 18.83 to 1889 he represented the First Illinois 
District in Congress, after the expiration of his 
last term devoting his attention to his large 
private business. His death took place suddenly 
at Springfield. Ma.ss.. August 19, 1896. 

Dl'XLAI', (Jeorge Lincoln, civil engineer and 
Railway Superiutendent, was bom at Brunswick, 



142 



HISTOKICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



Maine, in 1828 ; studied mathematics and engineer- 
ing at Gorham Academy, and, after several 
years' experience on the Boston & Maine and the 
New York & Erie Railways, came west in 1855 
and accepted a position as assistant engineer on 
what is now the Chicago & Northwestern Rail- 
road, iinally becoming its General Superintend- 
ent, and, in fourteen years of his connection with 
that road, vastly extending its lines. Between 
1873 and '79 he was connected with the Montreal 
& Quebec Railway, but the latter year returned 
to Illinois and was actively connected with the 
extension of the Wabash system until his retire- 
ment a few years ago. 

DUNLAP, Henry M., horticulturist and legis- 
lator, was born in Cook County, 111., Nov. 14, 
1853 — the son of M. L. Dunlap (the well-known 
"Rural"), who became a prominent horticulturist 
In Champaign County and was one of the found- 
ers of the State Agricultural Society. The family 
having located at Savoy, Champaign County, 
about 1857, the younger Dunlap was educated in 
the University of IlUnois, graduating in the 
scientific department in 1875. Following in the 
footsteps of his father, he engaged extensively 
in fruit-growing, and has served in the office of 
both President and Secretary of the State Horti- 
cultural Societj', besides local offices. In 1892 he 
was elected as a Republican to the State Senate 
for the Thirtieth District, was re-elected in 1896, 
and has been prominent in State legislation. 

DUNLAP, Mathias Lane, horticulturist, was 
born at Cherry Valley, N. Y., Sept. 14, 1814; 
coming to La Salle County, III., in 1835, he 
taught school the following winter ; then secured 
a clerkship in Chicago, and later became book- 
keeper for a firm of contractors on the Illinois & 
Michigan Canal, remaining two years. Having 
entered a body of Government land in the western 
part of Cook Count}', he turned his attention to 
farming, giving a portion of his time to survey- 
ing. In 1845 he became interested in horticulture 
and, in a few years, built up one of the most 
extensive nurseries in the West. In 1854 he was 
chosen a Representative in the Nineteenth Gen- 
eral Assembly from Cook County, and, at the 
following session, presided over the caucus which 
resulted in the nomination and final election of 
Lyman Trumbull to the United States Senate for 
the first time. Politically an anti-slavery Demo- 
crat, he espoused the cause of freedom in the 
Territories, while his house was one of the depots 
of the "underground railroad." In 1855 he pvir- 
chased a half-section of land near Champaign, 
whither he removed, two years later, for the 



prosecution of his nursery business. He was an 
active member, for many j'ears, of the State Agri- 
cultural Society and an earnest supporter of the 
scheme for the establishment of an "Industrial 
University," which finally took form in the Uni- 
versity of Illinois at Champaign. From 1853 to 
his death he was the agricultural correspondent, 
first of "The Chicago Democratic Press," and 
later of "The Tribune," writing over the nom de 
plume of "Rural." Died, Feb. 14, 1875. 

DV PAGE COUNTY, organized in 1839, named 
for a river which flows through it. It adjoins 
Cook County on the west and contains 340 square 
miles. In 1900 its population was 28,196. The 
county-seat was originallj' at Naperville, which 
was platted in 1842 and named in honor of Capt. 
Joseph Naper, who settled upon the site in 1831. 
In 1869 the county government was removed to 
Wheaton, the location of Wheaton College, 
where it yet remains. Besides Captain Naper, 
earl}' settlers of prominence were Bailey Hobson 
(the pioneer in the township of Lisle), and Pierce 
Downer (in Downer's Grove). The chief towns 
are Wheaton (population, 1,622), Naperville 
(2,216), Hinsdale (1,584), Downer's Grove (960), 
and Roselle (450). Hinsdale and Roselle are 
largely populated by persons doing business in 
Chicago. 

DU (JUOIX, a city and railway junction in 
Perry County, 76 miles north of Cairo; has a 
foundry, machine shops, planing-mill, flour mills, 
salt works, ice factory, soda-water factory, 
creamery, coal mines, graded school, public 
library and four newspapers. Population (1890), 
4,052; (1900), 4,3.53; (1903, school census), 5,207. 

DURBOROW, Allan Cathcart, ex Congress- 
man, was born in Philadelphia, Nov. 20, 1857. 
When five years old he accompanied his parents 
to Williamsport, Ind., where he received his 
early education. He entered the preparatory 
department of Wabash College in 1872, and 
graduated from the University of Indiana, at 
Bloomington, in 1877. After two years' residence 
in IndianapoUs, he removed to Chicago, where he 
engaged in business. Always active in local 
politics, he was elected by the Democrats in 1890, 
and again in 1892, Representative in Congress 
from the Second District, retiring with the close 
of the Fifty-third Congress. Mr. Durborow is 
Treasurer of the Chicago Air-Line Express Com- 
pany. 

DUSTIN, (Gen.) Daniel, soldier, was born in 
Topsham, Orange Coimty, Vt., Oct. 5, 1830; 
received a common-school and academic educa- 
tion, graduating in medicine at Dartmouth Col- 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



143 



lege in 1846. After practicing three years at 
Corinth, Vt. , he went to California in 18.50 and 
engaged in mining, but tliree years later resumed 
the practice of his profession wliile conducting a 
mercantile business. He was subsequently chosen 
to the California Legislature from Nevada 
County, but coming to Illinois in 1858, he 
engaged in the drug business at Sycamore, De 
Kalb County, in connection with J. E. Elwood. 
On the breaking out of the war in 1861, he sold 
out his drug business and assisted in raising the 
Eighth Regiment Illinois Cavalry, and was com- 
missioned Captain of Company L. The regiment 
was assigned to the Army of the Potomac, and, 
in January, 1862. he was promoted to the position 
of Major, afterwards taking part in the battle of 
Manassas, and the great '"seven days' fight" 
before Richmond. In September, 1862, the One 
Hundred and Fifth Regiment Illinois Volunteer 
Infantry was mustered in at Dixon, and ilajor 
Dustin was commissioned its Colonel, soon after 
joining the Army of the Cumberland. After the 
Atlanta campaign he was assigned to the com- 
mand of a brigade in the Third Division of the 
Twelfth Army Corps, remaining in this position 
to the close of the war, meanwhile having been 
brevetted Brigadier-General for bravery displayed 
on the battle-field at Averysboro, N. C. He was 
mustered out at Washington, June 7, 1865, and 
took part in the grand review of the armies in 
that city which marked the close of the war. 
Returning to his home in De Kalb County, he 
was elected County Clerk in the following 
November, remaining in office four years. Sub- 
sequently he was chosen Circuit Clerk and ex- 
officio Recorder, and was twice thereafter 
reelected — in 1884 and 1888. On the organization 
of the Soldiers' and Sailors' Home at Quincy, in 
1885, he was appointed by Governor Oglesby one 
of the Trustees, retaining the position until his 
death. In Jlay, 1890, he was appointed by 
President Harrison Assistant United States 
Treasurer at Chicago, but died in office while on 
a visit with his daughter at Carthage, Mo., March 
30, 1892. General Dustin was a Mason of high 
degree, and, in 1872, was chosen Right Eminent 
Commander of the Grand Commandery of the 
State. 

DWIGHT, a prosperous city in Livingston 
County, 74 miles, by rail, south-southwest of Chi- 
cago, 52 miles northeast of Bloomington, and 23 
miles east of Streator; has two banks, two weekly 
papers, six churches, five large warehouses, two 
electric light plants, complete water-works sys- 
tem, and four hotels. The citv is the center of a 



rich farming and stock-raising district Dwight 
has attained celebrity as the location of the first 
of "Keeley Institute.s," founded for the cure of 
the drink and morphine habit. Population 
(1890), 1,354; (1900), 2,015. These figures do not 
include tlie floating population, which is 
augmented by patients who receive treatment 
at the "Keeley Institute." 

DYER, Charles Yolney, M.D., pioneer physi- 
cian, was born at Clarendon, Vt., June 12, 1808; 
graduated in medicine at Middlebury College, in 
1830: began practice at Newark, N. J., in 1831, 
and in Chicago in 1835. He was an uncomprom- 
ising opponent of slavery and an avowed sup- 
porter of the "underground railroad," and, in 
1848, received the support of the Free-Soil party 
of Illinois for Governor. Dr. Dyer was also one 
of the original incorporators of the North Chicago 
Street Railway Company, and his name was 
prominently identified with many local benevo- 
lent enterprises. Died, in Lake View (then a 
suburb of Chicago), April 24, 1878. 

EARLYILLG, a city and railway junction in 
La Salle County, 52 miles northeast of Princeton, 
at the intersecting point of the Chicago, Burling- 
ton & Quincy and the Chicago & Northwestern 
Railroads. It is in the center of an agricultural 
and stock-raising district, and is an important 
shipping-point. It has seven churches, a graded 
school, one bank, two weekly newspapers and 
manufactories of plows, wagons and carriages. 
Population (1880), 963; (1890), 1,058; (1900), 1,122. 

EARLY, John, legislator and Lieutenant-Gov- 
ernor, was born of American parentage and Irish 
ancestry in Essex Coimty, Canada West, March 
17, 1828, and accompanied his parents to Cale- 
donia, Boone County, III., in 1846. His boyhood 
was passed upon liis father's farm, and in youth 
he learned the trade (his father's) of carpenter 
and joiner. In 1852 he removed to Rockford, 
Winnebago County, and, in 1865, became State 
Agent of the New England Mutual Life Insur- 
ance Company. Between 1863 and 1860 he held 
sundry local offices, and, in 1869, was appointed 
by Governor Palmer a Trustee of the State 
Reform School. In 1870 he was elected State 
Senator and re-elected in 1874, sers-ing in the 
Twenty -seventh, Twenty-eighth, Twenty-ninth 
and Tliirtieth General .tVssemblies. In 1873 he 
was elected President pro tern, of the Senate, and, 
Lieut-Gov. Beveridge succeeding to the executive 
chair, he became ex-officio Lieutenant-Governor. 
In 1875 he was agiiin the Republican nominee for 
the Presidency of the Senate, but >vas defeated 



144 



HISTOEICAL EXCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



by a coalition of Democrats and Independents. 
He died while a member of the Senate, Sept. 2, 
1877. 

EARTHQUAKE OF 1811. A series of the 
most remarkable earthquakes in the history of 
the Mississippi Valley began on the night of 
November 16, 1811, continuing for several months 
and finally ending with the destruction of Carac- 
cas, Venezuela, in March following. While the 
center of the earlier disturbance appears to have 
been in the vicinity of New Madrid, in Southeast- 
ern Missouri, its minor effects were felt through 
a wide extent of country, especially in the 
settled portions of Illinois. Contemporaneous 
history states that, in the American Bottom, then 
the most densely settled portion of Illinois, the 
results were very perceptible. The walls of a 
brick house belonging to Jlr. Samuel Judy, a 
pioneer settler in the eastern edge of the bottom, 
near Edwardsville, Madison County, were cracked 
by the convulsion, the effects being seen for more 
than two generations. Gov. John Reynolds, then 
a young man of 23, living with his father's 
family in what was called the "Goshen Settle- 
ment," near Edwardsville, in his history of "My 
Own Times," says of it: "Our family were all 
sleeping in a log-cabin, and my father leaped out 
of bed, crying out, 'The Indians are on the house. 
The battle of Tippecanoe had been recently 
fought, and it was supposed the Indians would 
attack the settlements. Not one in the family 
knew at that time it was an earthquake. The 
next morning another shock made us acquainted 
with it. . . . The cattle came running home 
bellowing with fear, and all animals were terribly 
alarmed. Our house cracked and quivered so we 
were fearful it would fall to the ground. In the 
American Bottom many chimneys were thrown 
down, and the church bell at Cahokia was 
sounded by the agitation of the building. It is 
said a shock of an earthquake was felt in Kaskas- 
kia in 1804, but I did not perceive it." Owing to 
the sparseness of the population in Illinois at that 
time, but little is known of the effect of the con- 
vulsion of 1811 elsewhere, but there are numerous 
"sink-holes" in Union and adjacent counties, 
between the forks of the Ohio and Mississippi 
Rivers, which probably owe their origin to this or 
some similar disturbance. "On the Kaskaskia 
River below Athens," says Governor Reynolds in 
his "Pioneer History," "the water and white sand 
were thrown up through a fissure of the earth." 

EAST DUBUQUE, an incorporated city of Jo 
Daviess County, on the east bank of the Missis- 
sippi, 17 miles (by rail) northeast of Galena. It 



is connected with Dubuque, Iowa, by a railroad 
and a wagon bridge two miles in length. It has 
a grain elevator, a box factory, a planing mill 
and manufactories of cultivators and sand drills. 
It has also a bank, two churches, good public 
schools and a weekly newspaper. Population 
(1880), 1,037; (1890), 1,069; (1900), 1,146. 

EASTOX, (Col.) Rufus, pioneer, founder of the 
city of Alton; was born at Litchfield, Conn., 
May 4, 1774; studied law and practiced two 
years in Oneida County, N. Y. ; emigrated to St. 
Louis in 1804, and was commissioned by President 
Jefferson Judge of the Territory of Louisiana, 
and also became the first Postmaster of St. Louis, 
in 1808. From 1814 to 1818 he served as Delegate 
in Congress from Missouri Territory, and, on the 
organization of the State of Missouri (1821), was 
appointed Attorney-General for the State, serving 
until 1826. His death occurred at St. Charles, 
Mo., July 5, 1834. Colonel Easton's connection 
with Illinois history is based chiefly upon the 
fact that he was the founder of the present city 
of Alton, which he laid out, in 1817, on a tract of 
land of which he had obtained possession at the 
mouth of the Little Piasa Creek, naming the 
town for his son. Rev. Thomas Lippincott, 
prominently identified with the early history of 
that portion of the State, kept a store for Easton 
at Milton, on Wood River, about two miles from 
Alton, in the early " '20's." 

EAST ST, LOUIS, a flourishing city in St. Clair 
County, on the east bank of the Mississippi di- 
rectly opposite St. Louis; is the terminus of 
twenty-two railroads and several electric lines, 
and the leading commercial and manufacturing 
point in Southern Illinois. Its industries include 
rolling mills, steel, brass, malleable iron and 
glass works, grain elevators and flour mills, 
breweries, stockyards and packing houses. The 
city has eleven public and five parochial schools, 
one high school, and two colleges; is well sup- 
plied with banks and has one daily and four 
weekly papers. Population (1890), 15,169; (1900), 
29,6.55; (1903, est.), 40,000. 

EASTERN HOSPITAL FOR THE EVSANE. 
The act for the establishment of this institution 
passed the General Assembly in 1877. Many 
cities offered inducements, by way of donations, 
for the location of the new hospital, but the site 
finally selected was a farm of 250 acres near Kan- 
kakee, and this was subsequently enlarged by the 
purchase of 327 additional acres in 1881. Work 
was begun in 1878 and the first patients received 
in December, 1879. The plan of the institution 
is, in many respects, unique. It comprises a 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



145 



general buiklinc, tliree stories high, capable of 
accommodatiui; 300 to 400 patients, and a number 
of detached buildings, technically termed cot- 
tages, where various classes of insane patients may 
be groujied and receive the particular treatment 
best adapted to ensure their recovery. Tlie plans 
were mainly worked out from suggestions by 
Frederick Howard Wines, LL.D., then Secretary 
of the Board of Public Charities, and have 
attracted generally favorable comment both in 
this country and abroad. The seventy-five build- 
ings occupied for the various purpases of the 
institution, cover a quarter-section of land laid off 
in regular streets, beautified with trees, plants 
and flowers, and presenting all the appearance of 
a flourishing village with numerous small parks 
adorned with walks and drives. The counties 
from which patients are received include Cook, 
Champaign, Coles, Cumberland, De Witt, Doug- 
las, Edgar, Ford, Grundy, Iroquois, Kankakee, 
La Salle, Livingston, Macon, McLean, Moultrie 
Piatt, Shelby, Vermilion and Will. The whole 
number of patients in 1898 was 2,200, while the 
emploves of all classes numbered .500. 

E.\STERN ILLINOIS NORMAL SCHOOL, an 
institution designed to qualify teachers for giving 
instruction in the public schools, located at 
Charleston, Coles County, under an act of the 
Legislature passed at the session of 1895. The 
act appropriated §50,000 for the erection of build- 
ings, to which additional appropriations were 
added in 1897 and 1898, of ?25,000 and .?50,000, 
respectively, with §56.216.72 contributed by the 
city of Charleston, making a total of .5181,216.73. 
The Vniilding was begun in 1896, the corner-stone 
being laid on May 27 of that year. There was 
delay in the progress of the work in consequence 
of the failure of the contractors in December, 
1896, but the work was resumed in 1897 and 
practically completed early in 1899, with the 
expectation that the institution would be opened 
for the reception of students in September fol- 
lowing. 

EASTMAN, Zebina, anti-slavery journalist, 
was born at North .\mherst, Mass., Sept. 8, 1815; 
became a printer's apprentice at 14, but later 
spent a short time in an academy at Hadley. 
Then, after a brief exjierience as an employe in 
the office of "The Hartford Pearl," at the age of 
18 he invested his patrimony of some §2,000 in 
the establishment of "Tlie Free Press" at Fayette- 
ville, Vt. This venture proving unsuccessful, in 
1837 he came west, stopping a year or two at 
Ann Arbor, Mich. In 18.39 he visited Peoria by 
way of Chicago, working for a time on "The 



Peoria Regi.ster, " but .soon after joined Benjamin 
Lundy, who was preparing to revive his paper, 
"The Genius of Universal Emancipation," at 
Lowell, La Salle County. This scheme was 
partially defeated by Lundy's early death, but, 
after a few months' delay, Eastman, in conjunc- 
tion with Hooper Warren, began the publication 
of "The Genius of Liberty" as tlie successor of 
Lundy's paper, using the printing press which 
Warren had used in the office of "The Commer- 
cial Advertiser, " in Chicago, a year or so before. In 
1842, at the invitation of prominent Abolitionists, 
the paper was removed to Chicago, where it was 
issued under the name of "The Western Citizen," 
in 185;! liecoming "The Free West," and finally, 
in 1856, being merged in "The Chicago Tribune." 
After tlie suspension of "The Free West," Mr. 
Eastman began the publication of "The Chicago 
Magazine," a literary and historical monthly, 
but it reached only its fifth number, when it was 
discontinued for want of financial "upport. In 
1861 he was appointed by President Lincoln 
United States Consul at Bristol, England, where 
he remained eight ye;irs. On his return from 
Europe, he took up Ids residence at Elgin, later 
removing to Maywood, a suburb of Chicago, 
where he died. June 14. 1883. During the latter 
years of his life Mr. Eastman contributed many 
articles of great historical interest to the Chi- 
cago press. (See Lundy, Benjamin, and TT'arreji, 
Hooper. ) , 

EBERHART, Joint Frederick, educator and 
real-estate operator, was born in Mercer County. 
Pa., Jan. 21, 1829; coniinenced teaching at 16 
years of age, and, in 1853, graduated from Alle- 
gheny College, at Meadville, soon after becoming 
Principal of Albright Seminary at Berlin, in the 
same State ; in 1855 came west by way of Chicago, 
locating at Dixon and engaging in editorial work ; 
a j'ear later established "The Northwe.stern 
Home and School Journal," which he published 
three j-ears, in the meantime establishing and 
conducting teachers' institutes in Illinois, Iowa 
and Wisconsin. In 1859 he was elected Scliool 
Commissioner of Cook County — a position which 
was afterwards changed to County Superintend- 
ent of Schools, and which he held ten years. Mr. 
Eberhart was largely instrumental in the estab- 
lishment of the Cook County Normal School. 
Since retiring from office he has been engaged in 
the real-estate business in Chicago. 

ECKH.VRT, Bernard A., manufacturer and 
President of the Cliicago Drainage Board, was 
born in Alsace, France (now Germany), brought 
to America in infancy and reared on a farm in 



146 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



Vernon County, Wis. ; was educated at Milwau- 
kee, and, in 1868, became clerk in the office of the 
Eagle Milling Company of that city, afterwards 
serving as its Eastern agent in various seaboard 
cities. He finally established an extensive mill- 
ing business in Chicago, in which he is now 
engaged. In 188-1 he served as a delegate to the 
National Waterway Convention at St. Paul and, 
in 1886, was elected to the State Senate, serving 
four years and taking a prominent part in draft- 
ing the Sanitary Drainage Bill passed by the 
Thirty-sixth General Assembly. He has also been 
prominent in connection with various financial 
institutions, and, in 1891, was elected one of the 
Trustees of the Sanitary District of Chicago, was 
re-elected in ISO.") and chosen President of the 
Board for the following year, and re-elected Pres- 
ident in December, 1898. 

EDBROOKE, Willoughby J., Supervising 
Architect, was born at Deerfield, Lake County, 
111., Sept. 3, 1843; brought up to the architectural 
profession by his father and under the instruc- 
tion of Chicago architects. During Mayor 
Roche's administration he held the position of 
Commissioner of Public Works, and, in April, 
1891, was appointed Supervising Architect of the 
Treasury Department at Washington, in that 
capacity supervising the construction of Govern- 
ment buildings at the World's Columbian Exposi- 
tion. Died, in Chicago, Blarch 26, 1896. 

EDDY, Henry, pioneer lawyer and editor, 
was born in Vermont, in 1798, reared in New 
York, learned the printer's trade at Pittsburg, 
served in the War of 1813, and was wounded in 
the battle of Black Rock, near Buffalo ; came to 
Shawneetown, 111., in 1818, where he edited "The 
Illinois Emigrant," the earliest paper in that 
part of the State ; was a Presidential Elector in 
1824, a Representative in the Second and Fif- 
teenth General Assemblies, and elected a Circuit 
Judge in 1835, but resigned a few weeks later. 
He was a Whig in politics. Usher F. Linder, in 
his "Reminiscences of the Early Bencli and Bar 
of Illinois," says of Mr. Eddy: "When he 
addressed the court, he elicited the most profound 
attention. He was a sort of walking law library. 
He never forgot anything that he ever knew, 
whether law, poetry or belles lettres." Died, 
June 29, 1849. 

EDDY, Tliomas Mears, clergyman and author, 
was born in Hamilton County, Ohio, Sept. 7, 
1823; educated at Greensborough, Ind., and, from 
1842 to 1853, was a Methodist circuit preacher 
in that State, becoming Agent of the American 
Bible Society the latter year, and Presiding 



Elder of the Indianapolis district until 1856, when 
he was appointed editor of "The Northwestern 
Christian Advocate," in Chicago, retiring from 
that position in 1868. Later, he held pastorales 
in Baltimore and Washington, and was chosen 
one of the Corresponding Secretaries of tlie Mis- 
sionary Society by the General Conference of 
1872. Dr. Eddy was a copious writer for the 
press, and, besides occasional sermons, published 
two volumes of reminiscences and personal 
sketches of prominent Illinoisans in the War of 
the Rebellion under the title of "Patriotism of 
Illinois" (1865). Died, in New York City, Oct. 
7, 1874. 

EDGAR, John, early settler at Kaskaskia, was 
born in Ireland and, during the American Revo- 
lution, served as an officer in the British navy, 
but married an American woman of great force 
of character who sympathized strongly with the 
patriot cause. Having become involved in the 
desertion of three British soldiers whom his wife 
had promised to assist in reaching the American 
camp, he was compelled to flee. After remaining 
for a while in the American army, during which 
he became the friend of General La Fayette, he 
sought .safety by coming west, arriving at Kas- 
kaskia in 1784. His property was confiscated, but 
his wife succeeded in saving some §12,000 from 
the wreck, with which she joined him two years 
later. He engaged in business and became an 
extensive land-owner, being credited, during 
Territorial days, with the ownership of nearly 
50,000 acres situated in Randolph, Monroe, St. 
Clair, Madison, Clinton, Washington, Perry and 
Jackson Coimties, and long known as the "Edgar 
lands." He also purchased and rebuilt a mill 
near Kaskaskia which had belonged to a French- 
man named Paget, and became a large shipper of 
flour at an early day to the Southern markets. 
When St. Clair Coimty was organized, in 1790, he 
was appointed one of the Judges of the Common 
Pleas Court, and so appears to have continued 
for more than a quarter of a century. On the 
establisliment of a Territorial Legislature for the 
Northwest Territory, he was chosen, in 1799, one 
of the members for St. Clair County — the Legis- 
lature liolding its session at ChilUcothe, in the 
present State of Ohio, under the administration 
of Governor St. Clair. He was also appointed a 
Major-General of militia, retaining the office for 
many years. General and Mrs. Edgar were 
leaders of society at the old Territorial capital, 
and, on the visit of La Faj-ette to Kaskaskia in 
1825, a reception was given at their house to the 
distinguished Frenchman, whose acquaintance 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



147 



tliey had made more than forty years before. He 
died at Kaskaskia, in IH'S'Z. Edgar I'ounty, in the 
eastern jiart of the State, was named in lionor of 
General Edgar. He was Worsliipful Master of 
the first Lodge of Ancient Free and Accepted 
Slasons in Illinois, constituted at Kaskaskia in 
1800. 

EDUAR COUNTY, one of the middle tier of 
counties from north to south, lying on the east- 
ern border of the State; was organized in 1823, 
and named for General Edgar, an early citizen of 
Kaska.skia. It contains 030 .s<iuare miles, with 
a ]ioi)ulation (1000) of 28,273. The county is 
nearly square, well watered and wooded. Most 
of the acreage is under cultivation, grain-growing 
and stock-raising being the principal industries. 
Generally, the soil is black to a considerable 
depth, though at some points — especially adjoin- 
ing the timber lands in the east — the soft, brown 
clay of the subsoil comes to the surface. Beds of 
the drift period, one hundred feet deep, are found 
in the northern portion, and some twenty-five 
years ago a nearly perfect skeleton of a mastodon 
was exhumed. A bed of limestone, twenty-five 
feet thick, crops out near Baldwinsville and runs 
along Brouillet's creek to the State line. Paris, the 
county-se;it, is a railroad center, and has a popu- 
lation of over 6.000. Vermilion and Dudley are 
prominent shipping points, while Chrisman, 
which was an unbroken prairie in 1872, was 
credited with a population of 900 in 1900. 

EDINBT'KG, a village of Christian County, on 
the Baltimore & Ohio Southwestern Railway, 18 
miles southeast of Springfield; has two banks 
and one newspaper. The region is agricultural, 
though some coal is mined here. Population 
(1880), 551; (1890), 800; (1900), 1,071. 

EDSALL, Jame8 Kirtland, former Attorney- 
General, was born at Windliam, Greene County, 
N. Y., May 10, 1831. After passing througli the 
common-schools, lie attended an academy at 
Prattsville, N.Y., supporting himself, meanwhile, 
by working upon a farm. He read law at Pratts- 
ville and Catskill, and was admitted to the bar at 
Albany in 1852. The next two years he spent in 
Wisconsin and Minnesota, and, in 18.54, removed 
to Leavenworth, Kan. He was elected to the 
Legislature of that State in 1855, being a member 
of the Topeka (free-soil) lx)dy when it was broken 
up by United States troops in 1850. In August, 
1856, he settled at Dixon, 111., and at once 
engaged in practice. In 1863 he was elected 
Mayor of that city, and, in 1870, was chosen State 
Senator, .serving on the Committees on Munic- 
ipalities and Judiciary in the Twenty-seventh 



General Assembly. In 1873 he was elected 
Attorney-General on the Republican ticket and 
re-elected in 1870. At the expiration of his 
second term he took up his residence in Chicago, 
where he afterwards devoted himself to the prac- 
tice of his profession, until his death, which 
occurred, June 20, 1892. 

EDUCATION. 

The first step in the direction of the establish- 
ment of a system of free schools for the region 
now comprised within the State of Illinois was 
taken in the enactment by Congress, on May 20, 
1785, of "An Ordinance for Ascertaining the 
mode of disposing of lands in the Western Terri- 
tory. " This applied specifically to the region 
northwest of the Ohio River, wliich had been 
acquired through the conquest of the "Illinois 
Country" by Col. George Rogers Clark, acting 
under the auspices of the State of Virginia and 
by authority received from its Governor, the 
patriotic Patrick Henry. This act for the first 
time established the present sj'stem of township 
(or as it was then called, "rectangular") surveys, 
devised by Capt. Thomas Hutchins, who Ijecame 
the first Surveyor-General (or "Geographer," as 
the office was styled) of the United States under 
the same act. Its important feature, in this con- 
nection, was the provision "that there shall be 
reserved the lot No. IG of every townsliip, for the 
maintenance of public schools within the town- 
ship." The same reservation (the term "section" 
being substituted for "lot" in the act of May 18, 
1790) was made in all subsequent acts for the sale 
of public lands — the acts of July 23, 1787, and 
June 20, 1788, declaring that "the lot No. 10 in 
each township, or fractional part of a township," 
shall l)e "given perpetually for the purpose con- 
tained in said ordinance" (i. e., the act of 1785). 
The next step was taken in the Ordinance of 1787 
(Art. III.), in the declaration that, "religion, 
morality and knowledge being necessary for the 
happiness of mankind, schools and the means of 
education shall forever be encouraged." The 
reservation referred to in the act of 1785 (and 
sub.se(iuent acts) was reiterated in the "enabling 
act" passed by Congress, April 18, 1818, authoriz- 
ing the people of Illinois Territory to organize a 
State Government, and was formally accepted by 
the Convention which formed the first State 
Constitution. The enabling act also set apart one 
entire township (in addition to one previously 
donated for the same purpo.se by act of Congress 
in 1804) for the use of a seminary of learning, 



148 



HISTOKICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



together with three per cent of the net proceeds 
of the sales of public lands within the State, "to 
be appropriated by the Legislature of the State 
for the encouragement of learning, of which one- 
sixth part"' (or one-half of one per cent) "shall 
be exclusively bestowed on a college or univer- 
sity." Thus, the plan for the establishment of a 
system of free public education in Illinois had its 
inception in the first steps for the organization of . 
the Northwest Territory, was recognized in the 
Ordinance of 1787 which reserved that Territory 
forever to freedom, and was again reiterated in 
the preliminary steps for the organization of the 
State Government. These several acts became 
the basis of that permanent provision for the 
encouragement of education known as the "town- 
ship," "seminary" and "college or university" 
funds. 

Early Schools. — Previous to this, however, a 
beginning had been made in the attempt to estab- 
lish schools for the benefit of the children of the 
pioneers. One John Seeley is said to have taught 
the first American school within the territory of 
Illinois, in a log-cabin in Monroe Count}', in 1783, 
followed by others in the next twenty years in 
Monroe, Randolph, St. Clair and Madison Coun- 
ties. Seeley "s earliest successor was Francis 
Clark, who, in turn, was followed by a man 
named Halfpenny, who afterwards built a mill 
near the present town of Waterloo in Monroe 
County. Among the teachers of a still later period 
were John Boyle, a soldier in Col. George Rogers 
Clark's army, who taught in Randolph County 
between 1790 and 1800; John Atwater, near 
Edwardsville, in 1807, and John Messinger, a sur- 
veyor, who was a member of the Constitutional 
Convention of 1818 and Speaker of the first House 
of Representatives. The latter taught in the 
vicinity of Shiloh in St. Clair County, afterwards 
the site of Rev. John M. Peck's Rock Spring 
Seminary. The schools which existed during 
this period, and for many years after the organi- • 
zation of the State Government, were necessarily 
few, widely scattered and of a very jirimitive 
character, receiving their support entirely by 
subscription from their patrons. 

First Free School Law and Sales op 
School Lands. — It has been stated that the first 
free school in the State was established at Upper 
Alton, in 1821, but there is good reason for believ- 
ing this claim was based upon the power granted 
by the Legislature, in an act passed that year, to 
establish such schools there, which power was 
never carried into effect. The first attempt to 
establish a free-school system for the whole State 



was made in January, 1835, in the passage of a 
bill introduced by Joseph Duncan, afterwards a 
Congressman and Governor of the State. Ii. 
nominally appropriated two dollars out of each one 
hundred dollars received in the State Treasury, 
to be distributed to those who had paid taxes or 
subscriptions for the support of schools. So 
small was the aggregate revenue of the State at 
that time (only a little over $60,000), that the 
sum realized from this law would have been but 
little more than 51,000 per year. It remained 
practically a dead letter and was repealed in 1829, 
when the State inaugurated the policy of selling 
the seminary lands and borrowing the proceeds 
for the payment of current expenses. In this 
way 43,200 acres (or all but four and a half sec- 
tions) of the seminary lands were disposed of, 
realizing less than ,560,000. The first sale of 
township school lands took place in Greene 
County in 1831, and, two years later, the greater 
part of the school section in the heart of the 
present city of Chicago was sold, producing 
about §39,000. The average rate at which these 
sales were made, up to 1882, was §3.78 per acre_ 
and the minimum, 70 cents per acre. That 
these lands have, in very few instances, produced 
the results expected of them, was not so much 
the fault of the system as of those selected to 
administer it — whose bad judgment in premature 
sales, or whose complicity with the schemes of 
speculators, were the means, in many cases, of 
squandering what might otherwise have furnished 
a liberal provision for the support of public 
schools in many sections of the State. Mr. W. L. 
Pillsbury, at pi'esent Secretary of the University 
of Illinois, in a paper printed in the report of the 
State Superintendent of Public Instruction for 
1885-86 — to which the writer is indebted for many 
of the facts presented in this article — gives to 
Chicago the credit of establishing the first free 
schools in the State in 1834, while Alton followed 
in 1837, and Springfield and Jacksonville in 1840. 
Early Higher Institutions. — A movement 
looking to the establishment of a higher institu- 
tion of learning in Indiana Territory (of which 
Illinois then formed a part), was inaugurated by 
the passage, through the Territorial Legislature at 
Vincennes, in November, 1806, of an act incorpo- 
rating the University of Indiana Territory to be 
located at Vincennes. One provision of the act 
authorized the raising of §20,000 for the institu- 
tion by means of a lottery. A Board of Trustees 
was promptly organized, with Gen. William 
Henry Harrison, then the Territorial Governor, 
at its head ; but, bej-ond the erection of a building. 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



149 



little progress was made. Twenty-one j-ears 
later (1827) the first successful attempt to found 
an advanced school was made by the indomitable 
Rev. John M. Peck, resulting in the establish- 
ment of liis Theological Seminary and High 
Scliool at Rock Springs, St. Clair County, which, 
in 1831, became the nucleus of Shurtleff College at 
Upper Alton. In like manner, Lebanon Semi- 
nary, established in 1828, two years later 
expanded into McKendree College, while instruc- 
tion began to be given at Illinois College, Jack- 
sonville, in December, 1829, as the outcome of a 
movement started by a band of young men at 
Yale College in 1827 — these several institutions 
being formally incorporated by the same act of 
the Legislature, passed in 1835. (See sketches of 
these Institutions.) 

Edccationwl Conventions. — In 1833 tliere 
was held at Vandalia (then the State capital) the 
first of a series of educational conventions, which 
were continued somewhat irregularly for twenty 
years, and wliose historj' is remarkable for the 
number of those participating in them who after- 
wards gained distinction in State and National 
liistory. At first these conventions were held at 
the State capital during the sessions of the Gen- 
eral Assembly, when tlie chief actors in them 
were members of that body and State officers, 
with a few other friends of education from the 
ranks of professional or business men. At the 
convention of 1833, we find, among those partici- 
pating, the names of Sidney Breese, afterwards a' 
United States Senator and Ju.stice of the Supreme 
Court; Judges. D. Lockwood, then of the Supreme 
Court ; W. L. D. Ewing, afterwards acting Gov- 
ernor and United States Senator ; O. H. Browning, 
afterwards United States Senator and Secretary 
of the Interior; James Hall and John Russell, 
the most notable writers in the State in tlieir day, 
besides Dr. J. M. Peck, Archibald Williams, 
Benjamin Mills, Jesse B. Thomas, Henry Eddy 
and others, all prominent in their several depart- 
ments. In a second convention at the same 
place, nearly two years later, Abraham Lincoln, 
Stephen A. Douglas and Col. John J. Hardin 
were participants. At Springfield, in 1840, pro- 
fessional and literary men began to take a more 
prominent part, although the members of the 
Legislature were present in considerable force. 
A convention held at Peoria, in 1844, was made 
up largely of professional t«acliers and school 
oflScers, with a few citizens of local prominence ; 
and the same may be said of those held at Jack- 
sonville in 1845, and later at Chicago and other 
points. Various attempts were made to form 



permanent educational societies, finally result- 
ing, in December, 18.'j4, in the organization of the 
"State Teachers' Institute," which, three years 
later, took the name of the "State Teachers' 
Association" — thougli an association of the same 
name was organized in 1836 and continued in 
existence several years. 

State Superintendent and School Jour- 
nals. — The appointment of a State Superintend- 
ent of Public Instruction began to be agitated as 
early as 1837, and was urged from time to time in 
memorials and resolutions by educational conven- 
tions, by the educational press, and in the State 
Legislature; but it was not until February, 1854, 
that an act was passed creating the office, when 
tlie Hon. Xinian W. Edwards was appointed by 
Gov. Joel A. Matteson, continuing in oftice until 
his successor was elected in IS.Vi. "The Common 
Sc'hool Advocate" was published for a j'ear at 
Jacksonville, beginning with January, 1837; in 
1841 "The Illinois Common School Advocate" 
began publication at Springfield, but was discon- 
tinued after the i.ssue of a few nmubers. In 1855 
was established "The Illinois Teacher." This 
was merged, in 1873, in "The Illinois School- 
master," wliich became the organ of the State 
Teachers' A.ssociation, so remaining several years. 
Tlie State Teachers' Association has no official 
organ now, but the "Public School Journal"' is 
the chief educational publication of the State. 

Industrial Education. — In 1851 was insti- 
tuted a movement whicli, although obstructed for 
some time bj' partisan opposition, has been 
followed by more far-reaching results, for the 
country at large, than any single measure in the 
history of education since the act of 1785 setting 
apart one section in each townsliip for the support 
of public scho<ils. This was tlie scheme formu- 
lated by the late Prof. Jonatlian B. Turner, of 
Jacksonville, for a. system of practical scientific 
education for the agricultural, mechanical and 
other industrial classes, at a Farmers' Convention 
held under the ausinces of the Buel Institute (an 
Agricultural Society), at Granville, Putnam 
County, Nov. 18, 1851. AV'hile proposing a plan 
for a "State University" for Illinois, it also advo- 
cated, from the outset, a "University for the 
industrial classes in each of the States," by way 
of supplementing the work which a "National 
In.stitute of Science," such as the Smithsonian 
Institute at Washington, was expected to accom- 
plish. The proixisition attracted the attention 
of persons interested in the cau.se of industrial 
education in other States, especially in New 
York and some of the New England States, and 



150 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



received their hearty endorsement and cooper- 
ation. The Granville meeting was followed by a 
series of similar conventions held at Springfield, 
June 8, lSr,2; Chicago, Nov. 24, 1852; Springfield, 
Jan. 4, 1853, and Springfield, Jan. 1, 1855, at 
which the scheme was still further elaborated. 
At the Springfield meeting of Januarj-, 1853, an 
organization was formed under the title of the 
"Industrial League of the State of Illinois," with 
a view to disseminating information, securing 
more thorough organization on the part of friends 
of the measure, and the emploj-ment of lecturers 
to address the people of the State on the subject. 
At the same time, it was resolved that "this Con- 
vention memorialize Congress for the purpose of 
obtaining a grant of public lands to establish and 
endow industrial institutions in each and every 
State in the Union." It is worthy of note that 
this resolution contains the central idea of the 
act passed by Congress nearly ten years after- 
ward, making appropriations of public lands for 
the establishment and support of industrial 
colleges in the several States, which act received 
the approval of President Lincoln, July 2, 1862 — 
a similar measure having been vetoed by Presi- 
dent Buchanan in February, 1859. The State 
was extensively canvassed by Professor Turner, 
Mr. Bronson Murray (now of New York), the late 
Dr. R. C. Rutherford and others, in behalf of the 
objects of the League, and the Legislature, at its 
session of 1853, by unanimous vote in both houses, 
adopted the resolutions commending the measure 
and instructing the United States Senators from 
Illinois, and requesting its Representatives, to 
give it their support. Though not specifically 
contemplated at the outset of the movement, the 
Convention at Springfield, in January, 1855, pro- 
posed, as a part of the scheme, the establishment 
of a "Teachers' Seminary or Normal School 
Department," which took form in the act passed 
at the session of 1857, for the establishment of 
the State Normal School at Normal. Although 
delayed, as already stated, the advocates of indus- 
trial education in Illinois, aided by those of other 
States, finally triumphed in 1862. The lands 
received by the State as the result of this act 
amounted to 480,000 acres, besides subsequent do- 
nations. (See University of Illinois; also Turner, 
Jonathan Baldwin.) On the foundation thus 
furnished was established, by act of the Legisla- 
ture in 1867, the "Illinois Industrial University" 
— now the Uni%-ersity of Illinois — at Champaign, 
to say nothing of more than forty similar insti- 
tutions in as many States and Territories, based 
upon the same general act of Congress. 



Free-School System. — While there may be 
said to have been a sort of free-school system in 
existence in Illinois previous to 1855, it was 
limited to a few fortunate districts possessing 
funds derived from the sale of school-lands situ- 
ated within their respective limits. The system 
of free schools, as it now exists, based upon 
general taxation for the creation of a permanent 
school fund, had its origin in the act of that 
year. As already shown, the office of State 
Superintendent of Public Instruction had been 
created by act of the Legislature in February, 
1854, and the act of 1855 was but a natural corol- 
lary of the previous measure, giving to the people 
a uniform system, as the earlier one had provided 
an official for its administration. Since then 
there have been many amendments of the school 
law, but these have been generally in the direc- 
tion of securing greater efficiency, but with- 
out departure from the principle of securing 
to all the children of the State the equal 
privileges of a common-school education. The 
development of the system began practically 
about 1857, and, in the next quarter of a 
century, the laws on the subject had grown 
into a considerable volume, while the number- 
less decisions, emanating from the oflSce of the 
State .Superintendent in construction of these 
laws, made up a volume of still larger proportions. 

The following comparative table of school 
statistics, for 1860 and 1896, compiled from the 
Reports of the State Superintendent of Public 
Instruction, will illustrate the growth of the 
system in some of its more important features: 

I860. 1896. 

Population 1,711,961 (est.) 4,250,000 

No uf Persons of School Atte (be- 
tween 6 and 21) •549,604 1,384.367 

No. of Pupils enroUed »472.247 898.619 

School Districts S.956 11,615 

PubllcSchools 9,162 12,623 

Graded •• 294 1,887 

Public High Schools 272 

■' School Houses built during 

the year 657 267 

Whole No. of School Houses 8,221 12.632 

No. of Male Teachers 8,223 7.057 

Female Teachers 6,485 18,359 

Whole No. of Teachers in Public 

Schools 14,708 26.416 

Highest Monthly Wages paid Male 

Teachers 1180.00 S300.00 

Highest Monthly Wages paid 

Female Teachers 75.00 280.00 

Lowest Monthly Wages paid Male 

Teachers 8.00 14.00 

Lowest Monthly Wages paid 

Female Teachers... 4.00 10.00 

Average Monthly Wages paid Male 

Teachers 28.i2 67.76 

Average Monthly Wages paid 

Female Teachers 18.80 60,63 

No. of Private Schools 500 2.619 

Noof Pupils in Private Schools.... 29,264 139,969 
Interest on State and County Funds 

received »73,450.38 165,583.63 

Amount of Income from Township 

Funds 322,852.00 889,614.20 

•Only white children were Included In these statistics for 
1860. 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



151 



ison. isgr,. 

Unount received f rom Stnte Tax., t C90,oo«.iio 5 i.ijoo.iwo.oo 
" " " Special Uls- 

trlctTaies I,;6S,13T.IN) 13.133,809.61 

Amount received from Bonds dur- 
ing the year 517,960.93 

Total Amount received during the 

vear by School Dl.ltrlcls 2,193,455.00 15.607,172.50 

Amount paid Male Teachers 2,772,829.32 

•• Female " 7.1S6.1il5.r.7 

Wholeamoiint paid Teachers .... 1^*2,211.00 9,!l5a,934.99 
Amount paid for new School 

Houses 348,728.00 1,873,757.25 

Amount paid for repairs and Im- 
provements 1,070.755.09 

Amount paid for School Furniture. 24.837.00 I54,»3C.64 

" Apparatus 8,563.00 164,298.92 

" " " Books fi»r Uis- 

trlct Libraries 30.124 00 13,664.97 

Total Fjtpendllures 2.;59,868.00 14,614.627.31 

Estimated value of School Property 13,304,(l»2.00 42,7»o.2ii7.0o 

" Libraries.. 377.819.00 

" Apparatus 607.3.S9.00 

Tlie sums annually disbursed for incidental 
expenses on account of sui>erintendence and the 
cost of maintaining tlie higher institutions estab- 
lished, and partially or wholly supported by the 
State, increa.se the total expenditures by some 
§600.000 per annum. These higher institutions 
include the Illinois State Normal University at 
Normal, the Southern Illinois Normal at Carbon- 
dale and the University of Illinois at Urbana; to 
which were added by the Legislature, at its ses- 
sion of 1895, the Eastern Illinois Normal School, 
afterwards established at Charleston, and the 
Northern Illinois Normal at De Kalb. These 
institutions, although under supervision of the 
State, are partly supported by tuition fees. (See 
description of these institutions under their 
several titles.) The normal schools — as their 
names indicate — are primarily designed for the 
training of teachers, although other classes of 
pupils are admitted under certain conditions, 
including the payment of tuition. At the Uni- 
versity of Illinois instruction is given in the clas- 
sics, the sciences, agriculture and the mechanic 
arts. In addition to these the State supports four 
other institutions of an educational rather than a 
custodial character — viz. : the Institution for the 
Education of the Deaf and Dumb and the Insti- 
tution for the Blind, at Jacksonville; the Asylum 
for the FeebleMinded at Lincoln, and the Sol- 
diers' Orphans' Home at Normal. Tlie estimated 
value of the property connected with these 
several institutions, in addition to the value of 
school property given in the preceding table, will 
increase the total (exclusive of permanent funds) 
to $47,1.53,374.95, of which §4,375,107.95 repre- 
sents property belonging to the institutions above 
mentioned. 

Powers and Duties op Scperixtexdents 
AND Other School Officers.— Each county 
elects a County Su|)erintendent of Schools, who.se 
duty it is to visit schof)ls, conduct teachers' insti- 
tutes, advise with teachers and school officers and 



instruct them in their respective duties, conduct 
examinations of persons desiring to become 
teachers, and exercise general supers' ision over 
school affairs within his count}'. The subordi- 
nate officers are Township Trustees, a Township 
Treasurer, and a Board of District Directors or — 
in place of the latter in cities and villages — Boards 
of Education. The two last named Boards have 
l)ower to emploj- teachers and, generally, to super- 
vise the management of schools in districts. The 
State Superintendent is entrusted with general 
supervision of the common-school system of the 
State, and it is his duty to advise and assist 
Count}' Superintendents, to visit State Charitable 
institutions, to issue official circulars to teachers, 
school oflficers and others in regard to their rights 
and duties under the general school code; to 
decide controverted questions of school law, com- 
ing to him by appeal from County Superintend- 
ents and others, and to make full and detailed 
reports of the operations of his office to the 
Governor, biennially. He is also made ex-officio 
a member of the Board of Trustees of the Univer- 
sitj' of Illinois and of the several Normal Schools, 
and is empowered to grant certificates of two 
different grades to teachers — the higher grade to 
be valid during the lifetime of the holder, and 
the lower for two years. Certificates granted by 
County Superintendents are also of two grades 
and have a tenure of one and two years, respec- 
tively, in the county where given. The conditions 
for securing a certificate of the first (or two- 
years') grade, require that the candidate shall be 
of good moral character and qualified to teach 
orthography, reading in English, penmanship, 
arithmetic, modem geography, English grammar, 
the elements of the natural sciences, the history 
of the United States, physiology and the laws of 
health. The second grade (or one-year) certifi- 
cate calls for examination in the branches just 
enumerated, except the natural sciences, phj'si- 
ology and laws of health ; l>ut teachers employed 
exclusively in giving instruction in music, draw- 
ing, penmanship or other special branches, may 
take examinations in these branches alone, but 
are restricted, in teaching, to those in which they 
have been examined. — County Boards are 
empowered to establish Count}' Normal Schools 
for the education of teachers for the common 
schools, and the management of such normal 
schools is placed in the hands of a County Board 
of Education, to consist of not less than five nor 
more than eight persons, of whom the Chairman 
of the County Board and the County Superin- 
tendent of Schools shall he ex-officio members. 



152 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



Boards of Education and Directors may establish 
kindergartens (when authorized to do so by vote 
of a majority of the voters of their districts), for 
children between the ages of four and six years, 
but the cost of supporting the same must be 
defrayed by a special tax. — A compulsory pro- 
vision of the School Law requires that each cliild, 
between the ages of seven and fourteen years, 
shall be sent to school at least sixteen weeks of 
each year, imless otherwise instructed in the 
elementary branches, or disqualified by physical 
or mental disability. — Under the provisions of an 
act, passed in 1891, women are made eligible to 
any office created by the general or special school 
laws of the State, when twenty -one years of age 
or upwards, and otherwise possessing the same 
qualifications for the office as are prescribed for 
men. (For list of incumbents in the office of 
State Superintendent, see Superintendents of 
Pubiic Instruction. ) 

EDWARDS, Arthur, D.D., clergyman, soldier 
and editor, was born at Norwalk, Ohio, Nov. 23, 
1834; educated at Albion, Mich., and the Wes- 
leyan University of Ohio, graduating from the 
latter in 1858 ; entered the Detroit Conference of 
the Metliodist Episcopal Church the same year, 
was ordained in 1860 and, from 1861 until after 
the battle of Gettysburg, served as Chaplain of 
the First Michigan Cavalry, when he resigned to 
accept the colonelcy of a cavalry regiment. In 
1864, he was elected assistant editor of "The 
Northwestern Christian Advocate"' at Chicago, 
and, on the retirement of Dr. Eddy in 1872, 
became Editor-in-chief, being re-elected every 
four years thereafter to the present time. He 
has also been a member of each General Confer- 
ence since 18T2. was a member of the Ecumenical 
Conference at London in 1881, and has held other 
positions of prominence within the church. 

EDWARDS, Cyrus, pioneer lawyer, was born 
in Montgomery County, Md., Jan. 17, 1793; at the 
age of seven accompanied his parents to Ken- 
tucky, where he received his primary education, 
and studied law ; was admitted to the bar at Kas- 
kaskia, 111., in 1815, Ninian Edwards (of whom he 
was the youngest brother) being then Territorial 
Governor. During the next fourteen years he 
resided alternately in Missouri and Kentucky, 
and, in 1829, took up his residence at Edwards- 
ville. Owing to impaired health he decided to 
abandon his profession and engage in general 
business, later becoming a resident of L'pper 
Alton. In 1832 he was elected to the lower house 
of the Legislature as a Whig, and again, in 1840 
and '60, the last time as a Republican ; was State 



Senator from 1835 to '39, and was also the Whig 
candidate for Governor, in 1838, in opposition to 
Thomas Carlin (Democrat), who was elected. He 
served in the Black Hawk War, was a member of 
the Constitutional Convention of 1847, and espe- 
cially interested in education and in public chari- 
ties, being, for thirty-five years, a Trustee of 
Shurtleff College, to which he was a most 
munificent benefactor, and which conferred on 
him the degree of LL.D. in 1852. Died at Upper 
Alton, September, 1877. 

EDWARDS, Ninian, Territorial Governor and 
United States Senator, was born in Montgomery 
Coimty, Md., March 17, 1775; for a time had the 
celebrated William Wirt as a tutor, completing 
his course at Dickinson College. At the age of 19 
he emigrated to Kentucky, where, after squander- 
ing considerable money, he studied law and, step 
by step, rose to be Chief Justice of the Court of 
Appeals. In 1809 President Madison appointed 
him the first Territorial Governor of Illinois. 
This office he held until the admission of Illinois 
as a State in 1818, when he was elected United 
Sates Senator and re-elected on the completion of 
his first (the short) term. In 1826 he was elected 
Governor of the State, his successful administra- 
tion terminating in 1830. In 1832 he became a 
candidate for Congress, but was defeated by 
Charles Slade. He was able, magnanimous and 
incorruptible, although charged with aristocratic 
tendencies which were largely hereditarj-. Died, 
at his home at Belleville, on July 20, 1833, of 
cholera, the disease having been contracted 
through self-sacrificing efforts to assist sufferers 
from the epidemic. His demise cast a gloom 
over the entire State. Two valuable volumes 
bearing upon State history, comprising his cor- 
respondence with many public men of his time, 
have been published; the first under the title of 
"History of Illinois and Lifeof Ninian Edwards,"' 
by his son, the late Ninian Wirt Edwards, and 
the other "The Edwards Papers." edited by the 
late Elihu B. Washburne, and printed under the 
auspices of the Chicago Historical "Society. — 
N'inian Wirt (Edwards), son of Gov. Ninian 
Edwards, was born at Frankfort, Ky., April 15, 
1809, the year his father became Territorial 
Governor of Illinois; spent his boyhood at Kas- 
kaskia, Edwardsville and Belleville, and was 
educated at Transylvania University, graduating 
in 1833. He married Elizabeth P. Todd, a sister 
of Mrs. Abraham Lincoln, was appointed Attor- 
ney-General in 1S34. but resigned in 1835, when 
he removed to Springfield. In 1836 he was 
elected to the Legislature from Sangamon 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



153 



County, as the coUeag^ie of Abralvam Lincoln, 
being one of the celebrated "Long Nine," and 
was influential in securing the removal of the 
State capital to Springfield. He was re-elected 
to the House in 1838, to the State Senate in 1844. 
and again to the HoiLse in 1848 ; was also a mem- 
ber of the Constitutional Convention of 1847. 
Again, in 1850, he was elected to the House, but 
resigned on account of his change of politics 
from Whig to Democratic, and, in tlie election to 
fill the vacancy, was defeated by James C. Conk- 
ling. He served as Superintendent of Public 
Instruction by appointment of Governor Matte- 
son, 18.54-57, and, in 1861, was appointed by 
President Lincoln, Captain Commissary of Sub- 
sistence, which jx)sition he filled until June, 18G.5, 
since which time he remained in private life. He 
is the autlior of the "Life and Times of Ninian 
Edwards" (1870), whicli was prepared at the 
request of the State Historical Society. Died, at 
Springfield, Sept. 2, 1889.— Benjamin Stevenson 
(Edwards), lawyer and jurist, another son of Gov. 
Ninian Edwards, was bom at Edwardsville, 111., 
June 3, 1818, graduated from Yale College in 
1838, and was admitted to the bar the following 
year. Originally a Whig, lie subsequently 
became a Democrat, was a Delegate to the Con- 
stitutional Convention of 1862, and. in 1868, was 
an unsucce.ssful c-andidate for Congress in opposi- 
tion to Shelby M. Cullom. In 1869 he was elected 
Circuit Judge of the .Springfield Circuit, but 
within eighteen months resigned the position, 
preferring the excitement and emoluments of 
private practice to the dignity and scanty salary 
attaching to the bench. As a lawj-er and as a 
citizen he was universall}' respec-ted. Died, at 
his home in Springfield, Feb. 4, 1886, at the time 
of his decease being President of the Illinois 
State Bar Association. 

EDWARDS, Richard, educator, ex-Superin- 
tendent of Public Instruction, was bom in Cardi- 
ganshire, Wales, Dec. 23, 1822; emigrated with 
his parents to Portage County, Ohio, and tegan 
life on a farm ; later graduated at the State 
Normal School, Bridgewater, Mass., and from 
the Polytechnic Institute at Troy, N. Y., receiv- 
ing the degrees of Bachelor of Science and Civil 
Engineer; served for a time as a civil engineer 
on the Boston water works, then beginning a 
career as a teacher which continued almost unin- 
terruptedly for thirty-five years. During this 
period he was connected with the Normal School 
at Bridgewater; a Boys' High School at Salem, 
and the State Normal at the same place, coming 
west in 1857 to establish the Normal School at St. 



Louis, Mo., still later becoming Principal of the 
St. Louis High School, and, in 1862, accepting the 
Presidency of the State Normal University, at 
Normal, 111. It was here where Dr. Edwards, 
remaining fourteen years, accomplished his 
greatest work and left his deepest impress upon 
the educational system of the State by personal 
contact with its teachers. The iie.\t nine years 
were s|)ent as pastor of the First Congregational 
churcli at Princeton, when, after eighteen 
montlis in the service of Knox College as Finan- 
cial Agent, he was again called, in 1886, to a 
closer connection with the educational field by 
his election to the office of State Superintendent 
of Public Instruction, sen-ing until 1891, when, 
having failed of a re-election, he soon after 
a.ssumed the Presidency of Blackburn University 
at Carlinville. Failing Iiealth, liowever, com- 
pelled his retirement a year later, when he 
removed to Bloomington, which is now (1898) 
his place of residence. 

EDWARDS COUNTY, situated in the south- 
eastern part of the State, between Ricliland and 
Wliite on tlie north and south, and Waliash and 
Wayne on the east and west, and touching the 
Ohio River on its southeastern border. It was 
separated from Gallatin County in 1814, during 
the Territorial period. Its territory was dimin- 
ished in 1824 by the carving out of Wabash 
County. The surface is diversified by prairie 
and timber, the soil fertile and well adapted to 
the raising of lx)th wheat and corn. The princi- 
pal streams, besides the Ohio, are Bonpas Creek, 
on the east, and tlie Little Wabash River on the 
west. Palmj'ra (a place no longer on the map) 
was the seat for holding the first county court, 
in 1815, John Mcintosh, Seth Gard and William 
Barney being the Judges. Albion, the present 
county-seat (population, 937), was laid out by 
Morris Birkbeck and George Flower (emigrants 
from England), in 1819, and settled largely by 
their countrymen, but not incorporated until 
1860. The area of the county is 220 square 
miles, and population, in 1900, 10,345. Grayville, 
with a population of 2,000 in 1890, is partly in 
this county, though mostly in White. Edwards 
County was named in honor of Ninian Edwards, 
the Territorial Governor of Illinois. 

EDWARDSYILLE, the county-seat of Madison 
County, settled in 1812 and named in honor of 
Territorial Governor Ninian Edwards; is on four 
lines of railway and contiguous to two others, 18 
miles northea.st of St. Louis. Edwardsville was 
the home of some of the most prominent men in 
the history of the State, including Governors Ed- 



154 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



wards, Coles, and others. It has pressed and 
shale brickyards, coal mines, flour mills, machine 
shops, banks, electric street railway, water-works, 
schools, and churches. In a suburb of the city 
(LeClaire) is a cooperative manufactory of sani- 
tary supplies, using large shops and doing a large 
business. Edwardsville has three newspapers, 
one issued semi-weekly. Population (1890), 3,561 ; 
(1900), 4,1.57; with suburb (estimated), 5,000. 

EFFIN(JH.\M, an incorporated city, the county- 
seat of Effingham County, i) miles northeast from 
St. Louis and 199 southwest of Chicago; has four 
papers, creamery, milk condensory, and ice fac- 
tory. Population (1890), 3,260; (1900), 3,774. 

EFFIIVGHAM COUNTY, cut off from Fayette 
(and separately organized) in 1831 — named for 
Gen. Edward Effingham. It is situated in the 
central portion of the State, 62 miles nortlieast of 
St. Louis ; has an area of 490 square miles and a 
population(1900) of 20,465. T. M. Short, I. Fanchon 
and William I. Hawkins were the first County 
Commissioners. Effingham, the county-seat, was 
platted by Messrs. Alexander and Little in 1854. 
Messrs. Gillenwater, Hawkins and Brown were 
among the earliest settlers. Several lines of rail- 
way cross the count}'. Agriculture and sheep- 
raising are leading industries, wool being one of 
the principal products. 

EGtAN, William Bradshaw, M.D., pioneer phy- 
sican, was born in Ireland, Sept. 28, 1808; spent 
some time during his j-outh in the study of sur- 
gery in England, later attending lectures at Dub- 
lin. About 1828 he went to Canada, taught for 
a time in the schools of Quebec and Montreal 
and, in 1830, was licensed by the Medical Board 
of New Jersey and began practice at Newark in 
that State, later practicing in New York. In 
1833 he removed to Chicago and was early recog- 
nized as a prominent physician ; on July 4, 1836, 
delivered the address at the breaking of ground 
for the Illinois & Michigan Canal. During the 
early years of his residence in Chicago, Dr. Egan 
was owner of the block on which the Tremont 
House stands, and erected a number of houses 
there. He was a zealous Democrat and a delegate 
to the first Convention of that party, held at 
Joliet in 1843; was elected County Recorder in 
1844 and Representative in the Eighteenth Gen- 
eral Assembly (1853-54). Died, Oct. 37, 1860. 

ELBURN, a village of Kane Count}', on the 
Cliicago & Northwestern Railway, 8 miles west 
of Geneva. It has banks and a weekly news- 
paper Population (1890), 584; (1900), 606. 

ELDORADO, a town in Saline County, on the 
Cleveland, Cincinnati, Chicago & St. Louis, the 



Louisville & Nashville, and the St. Louis, Alton 
& Terre Haute Railroads; has a bank and one 
newspaper; district argicultural. Population, 
(1900), 1,445. 

ELDRIDGE, Hamilton Jf., lawyer and soldier, 
was born at South Williamstown, Mass., August, 
1837 ; graduated at Williams College in the class 
with President Garfield, in 1856, and at Albany 
Law School, in 1857; soon afterward came to 
Chicago and began practice ; in 1862 assisted in 
organizing the One Hundred and Twenty-seventh 
Illinois Volunteers, of which he was elected 
Lieutenant-Colonel, before the end of the year 
being promoted to the position of Colonel; dis- 
tinguished himself at Arkansas Post, Chicka- 
mauga and in the battles before Vicksburg, 
winning the rank of Brevet Brigadier-General, 
but, after two years' service, was compelled to 
retire on account of disability, being carried east 
on a stretcher. Subsequently he recovered suffi- 
ciently to resume his profession, but died in 
Chicago, Dec. 1, 1882, mucli regretted by a large 
circle of friends, with whom he was exceedingly 
popular. 

ELECTIONS. The elections of public officers 
in Illinois are of two general classes: (I) those 
conducted in accordance with United States 
laws, and (II) those conducted exclusively under 
State laws. 

I. To the first class belong: (1) the election of 
United States Senators; (2) Presidential Elect- 
ors, and (3 ) Representatives in Congress. 1. 
(United St.\tes Senators). The election of 
United States Senators, while an act of the State 
Legislature, is conducted solely under forms pre- 
scribed by the laws of the United States. These 
make it the duty of tlie Legislature, on the second 
Tuesday after convening at the session next pre- 
ceding the expiration of the term for which any 
Senator may have been chosen, to proceed to 
elect his successor in the following manner: 
Each House is required, on the day designated, in 
open session and by the viva voce vote of each 
member present, to name some person for United 
States Senator, the result of the balloting to be 
entered on the journals of the respective Houses. 
At twelve o'clock (M.) on the day following the 
day of election, the members of the two Houses 
meet in joint assembly, when the journals of both 
Houses are read. If it appears that the same 
person has received a majority of all the votes in 
each House, he is declared elected Senator. If, 
however, no one has received such majority, or 
if either House has failed to take proceedings as 
required on the preceding day, then the members 



HISTORICAL EXCYC'LOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



155 



of tlie two Houses, in joint assembl)-, proceed to 
ballot for Senator by viva voce vote of members 
present. The person receivinj; a majority of all 
the votes cast— a majority of the members of 
both Houses being jiresent and voting — is declared 
elected ; otherwise the joint assembl}' is reneweil 
at noon each legislative day of the session, and at 
least one ballot taken until a Senator is chosen. 
When a vacancy exists in tlie Senate at tlie time 
of the assembling of the Legislature, the same 
rule prevails as to the time of holding an election 
to (ill it; and, if a vacancy occurs during the 
session, the Legislature is required to proceed to 
an election on the .second Tuesday after having 
received official notice of such vacancy. The 
tenure of a United States Senator for a full term 
is six years — the regular term beginning with a 
new Congress — the two Senators from each State 
belonging to different "cla.sses," so that their 
terms expire alternately at periods of two and 
four years from each other. — 2. (Presidenti.^l 
Electors). The choice of Electors of President 
and Vice-President is made by popular vote 
taken quadrennially on the Tuesday after the 
first Jlonday in November. The date of such 
election is fixed by act of Congress, being the 
same as that for Congressman, although the State 
Legislature prescribes the manner of conducting 
it and making returns of the same. The number 
of Electors chosen eipials the number of Senators 
and Representatives taken togetlier (in 1899 it 
was twentj'-four), and they are elected on a gen- 
eral ticket, a plurality of votes being sufficient to 
elect. Electors meet at the State capital on the 
second Monday of January after their election 
(Act of Congress, 1887), to cast the vote of the 
State. — 3. (Members of Congress). The elec- 
tion of Representatives in Congress is also held 
under United .States law, occurring biennially 
(on the even years) simultaneously with the gen- 
eral State election in November. Should Congress 
select a ditferent date for such election, it woulil 
be the duty of the Legislature to recognize it by 
a corresponding change in the State law relating 
to the election of Congressmen. The tenure of a 
Congressman is two years, the election being by 
Districts instead of a general ticket, as in the 
case of Presidential Electors — the term of each 
Representative for a fidl term beginning with a 
new Congress, on the 1th of March of the odd 
years following a general election. (See Con- 
f/rcwioHfi/ Aiiportionment.) 

n. All officers under the State Government — 
except Boards of Tnistees of charitable and penal 
institutions or tlie heads of certain departments. 



which are made appointive by the Governor — are 
elected by popular vote. Apart from county 
officers they consist of three classes: (1) Legisla- 
tive; (2) Executive; (3) Judicial — which are 
chosen at different times and for different periods, 
t. (Leoislatitre). Legislative officers consist of 
Senators and Representatives, chosen at elections 
held on the Tuesday after the first Monday of 
November, biennially. The regular term of a 
Senator (of whom there are fifty-one under the 
I)resent Constitution) is four years; twenty-five 
(tliose in Districts bearing even numbers) being 
cliosen on the years in which a President and 
Governor are elected, and the other twenty -six at 
the intermediate iieriod two years later. Thus, 
one-half of each State Senate is composed of what 
are called "hold-over" Senators. Representatives 
are elected biennially at the November election, 
and hold office two j'ears. The qualifications as 
to eligibility for a seat in the State Senate require 
that the incumbent sliall be 25 years of age, 
while 21 years renders one eligible to a seat in 
the House — the Constitution requiring that each 
shall have been a resident of the State for five 
years, and of the District for which he is chosen, 
two years next preceding his election. (See 
Legislative Apportionment and 3Iinority Repre- 
sentation.) — 2. (Executive Officers). The 
officers constituting the Executive Department 
include the Governor. Lieutenant-Governor, 
Secretary of State, Auditor of Public Accounts, 
Treasurer, Superintendent of Public Instruction, 
and Attorney General. Each of these, except the 
State Treasurer, holds office four years and — with 
the exception of the Treasurer and Superintend- 
ent of Public Instruction — are elected at the 
general election at which Presidential Electors 
are clio.sen. The election of State Superintendent 
occurs on the intermediate (even) years, and that 
of State Treasurer every two years coincidently 
with the election of Governor and Superintendent 
of Public Instruction, respectivelj'. (See Execu- 
tire Officers.) In addition to the State officers 
already named, three Trustees of the University 
of Illinois are elected biennially at the general 
election in November, each holding office for 
six years. The.se trustees (nine in number), 
with the Governor, President of the State Board 
of -Vgriculture and the Superintendent of Public 
Instruction, constitute the Board of Trustees of 
tlie Universit}- of Illinois. — .3. (Judiciary). The 
•Judicial Department embraces Judges of the 
Supreme, Circuit and County Courts, and such 
other subordinate officials as may be connected 
with the administration of justice. For the 



156 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



election of members of the Supreme Couit the 
State is divided into seven Districts, eacli of 
which elects a Justice of the Supreme Court for 
a term of nine years. The elections in five of 
these — the First, Second, Third, Sixth and 
Seventh — occur on the first Monday in June every 
ninth year from 1879, the last election having 
occurred in June, 1897. The elections in the 
other t .vo Districts occur at similar periods of nine 
years from 1876 and 1873, respectively — tlie last 
election in the Fourth District having occurred 
in June, 1893, and that in the Fifth in 1891.— 
Circuit Judges are chosen on the first Monday in 
June every six years, counting from 1873. Judges 
of the Superior Court of Cook County are elected 
every six years at the November election. — Clerks 
of the Supreme and Appellate Courts are elected 
at the November election for six years, the last 
election having occurred in 1896. Under the act 
of April 2, 1897. consolidating the Supreme 
Court into one Grand Division, the number of 
Supreme Court Clerks is reduced to one, although 
the Clerks elected in 1896 remain in ofRce and have 
charge of the records of their several Divisions 
until the expiration of their terms in 1903. The 
Supreme Court holds five terms annually at Spring- 
field, beginning, respectively, on the first Tuesday 
of October, December, February, April and June. 

(Other Officers), (a) Members of the State 
Board of Equalization (one for every Congres- 
sional District) are elective eveiy four years at 
the same time as Congressmen, (b) County 
officers (except County Commissioners not under 
township organization) hold office for four years 
and are chosen at the November election as 
follows: (1) At the general election at whicli 
the Governor is chosen — Clerk of the Circuit 
Court, State's Attorney, Recorder of Deeds (in 
counties having a population of 60,000 or over), 
Coroner and County Surveyor. (2) On inter- 
mediate years — Sheriff, County Judge, Probate 
Judge (in counties having a population of 70,000 
and over). County Clerk, Treasurer, Superintend- 
ent of Schools, and Clerk of Criminal Court of 
Cook County, (c) In counties not under town- 
ship organization a Board of County Commission- 
ers is elected, one being chosen in Noveniber of 
each year, and each holding office three years, 
(d) Under the general law the polls open at 8 
a. m., and close at 7 p. m. In cities accepting an 
Act of the Legislature passed in 1885, the hour of 
opening the polls is 6 a. m., and of closing 4 p. m. 
(See also Australian Ballot.) 

ELECTORS, QUALIFICATIONS OF. (See 
Suffrage.) 



ELGIN, an imjiortant city of Northern Illinois, 
in Kane County, on Fox River and the Cliicago, 
Milwaukee & St. Paul and Chicago & Northwest- 
ern Railroads, besides two rural electric lines, 36 
miles northwest of Chicago; has valuable water- 
power and over fifty manufacturing establish- 
ments, including the National Watch Factory and 
the Cook Publishing Company, both among the 
most extensive of their kind in the world; is also 
a great dairy center with extensive creameries 
and milk-condensing works. The quotations of 
its Butter and Cheese Exchange are telegraphed 
to all the great commercial centers and regulate 
the prices of these commodities throughout the 
country. Elgin is the seat of the Northern (Illi- 
nois) Hospital for the Insane, and has a handsome 
Government (postoffice) building, fine public 
library and many liandsome residences. It has 
had a rapid growtli in the past twenty years. 
Population (1890), 17,823; (1900), 22,433. 

ELGIN, JOLIET & EASTERN RAILWAY. The 
main line of this road extends west from Dyer on 
the Indiana State line to Joliet, thence northeast 
to Waukegan. The total length of the line (1898) 
is 192.72 miles, of which 159.93 miles are in Illi- 
nois. The entire capital of the company, includ- 
ing stock and indebtedness, amounted (1898), to 
§13,799,630— more than S71.000 per mile. Its total 
earnings in Illinois for the .same year were .$1,312.- 
026, and its entire expenditure in the State, 
$1,156,146. The company paid in taxes, the same 
year, $48,876. Branch lines extend southerly 
from Walker Junction to Coster, where connec- 
tion is made with the Cleveland, Cincinnati, 
Chicago & St. Louis Railroad, and northwesterly 
from Normantown, on the main line, to Aurora. 
— (History). The Elgin, Joliet & Eastern Rail- 
way was chartered in 1887 and absorbed the 
Joliet, Aurora & Northern Railway, from Joliet to 
Aurora (21 miles), wliich had been commenced in 
1886 and was completed in 1888, witli extensions 
from Joliet to Spaulding, 111. , and from Joliet to 
McCool, Ind. In January, 1891, the Company 
purchased all the properties and franchises of the 
Gardner, Coal City & Normantown and the 
Waukegan & Southwestern Railway Companies 
(formerly operated under lease). The former of 
these two roads was chartered in 1889 and opened 
in 1890. The system forms a belt line around 
Chicago, intersecting all railroads entering that 
city from every direction. Its traffic is chiefly 
in the transportation of freight. 

ELIZABETHTOWN, the county-seat of Hardin 
County. It stands on the north bank of the Ohio 
River, 44 miles above Paducah, Ky., and about 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



157 



125 miles southeast of Belleville; has a brick and 
tile factory, large tie trade, two churches, two 
flouriiiK iiiills. a hank, and one newspaper. Pop- 
ulation (1890), 0.V2; (19U0), 608. 

ELKH.VRT, a town of Logan County, on the 
Chica{;i> & Alton Uailroad, 18 miles northeast of 
Springfield ; is a riuh i'arniiug section ; has a coal 
shaft. Population (1890), 414; (1900), 553. 

ELKIX, William F., pioneer and early legisla- 
tor, was born in Clark County, Ky., April 13, 
1793; after spending several years in Ohio and 
Indiana, came to Sangamon County, 111., in 1825; 
was elected to the Si.\th, Tenth and Eleventli 
General Assemblies, being one of the "Long 
Nine" from Sangamon County and, in 18C1, was 
appointed bj' his former colleague (Abraham 
Lincoln) Register of the Land Office at Spring- 
field, resigning in 1872. Died, in 1878. 

ELLIS, Edward F. W., soldier, was born at 
Wilton, Maine, April 15, 1819; studied law and 
was admitted to the bar in Ohio ; spent three j-ears 
(1849-52) in California, serving in the Legislature 
of that State in 1851, and proving himself an 
earnest opponent of slavery ; returned to Ohio the 
nest year, and. in 18.54. removed toRockford, 111., 
where he embarked in the banking business. 
Soon after the firing on Fort Sumter, he organ- 
ized the Ellis Rifles, which having been attached 
to the Fifteenth Illinois, he was elected Lieuten- 
ant-Colonel of the regiment ; was in command at 
the battle of Shiloh, April G, 1862. and was killed 
while bravely leading on his men. 

ELLIS, (Rev.) John Millot, early home mis- 
sionary, was born in Keenc. N. II., July 14, 1793; 
came to Illinois as a home missionary of the 
Presbyterian Church at an early day, and served 
for a time as pastor of churches at Kaskaskia and 
Jacksonville, and was one of the influential 
factors in securing the location of Illinois Col- 
lege at the latter place. His wife also conducted, 
for some years, a private school for young ladies 
at Jacksonville, which developed into the Jack- 
sonville Female Academy in 1833, and is still 
maintained after a history of over si.xty years. 
Mr. Ellis was later associated with the establish- 
ment of Wabiish College, at Crawfordsville, Ind., 
finally returning to New Ilampshire, where, in 
1840. he was pastor of a church at East Hanover. 
In 1844 he again entered the service of the Soci- 
ety for Promoting Collegiate and Theological 
Education in the West. Died. .Vugust 6, 1855. 

ELLSWORTH, Ephraini Elmer, soldier, first 
victim of the Civil War, was born at Mechanics 
ville, Saratoga County, N. Y., April 23, 1837. He 
came to Chicago at an early age, studied law. 



and became a patent solicitor. In 1860 he raised 
a regiment of Zouaves in Chicago, which became 
famous for the perfection of its discipline and 
drill, and of which he was commissioned Colonel. 
In 1801 he accompanied President Lincoln to 
Washington, going from there to New York, 
where he recruited and organized a Zouave 
regiment composed of firemen. He became its 
Colonel and the regiment was ordered to Alexan- 
dria, Va. While stationed there Colonel Ells- 
worth observed that a Confederate flag was 
flying above a hotel owned by one Jackson. 
Rushing to the roof, he tore it do^vn, but before 
he reached the street was shot and killed by 
Jackson, who was in turn shot by Frank H. 
Brownell, one of Ellsworth's men. He was the 
first Union soldier killed in the war. Died, May 
24, 1861. 

ELMHURST (formerly Cottage Hill), a village 
of Du Page County, on the Chicago Great Western 
and 111. Cent. Railroads, 15 miles west of Chicago; 
is the seat of the Evangelical Seminary ; has elec- 
tric interurban line, two papers, stone quarry, 
electric light, water and sewerage systems, high 
school, and churches. Pop. (1900). 1,728. 

EL.WWOOl), a town of Peoria County, on the 
Galesburg and Peoria and Buda and Rushville 
branches of the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy 
Railroad, 26 miles west-northwest of Peoria; the 
principal industries are coal-mining and corn and 
tomato canning ; has a bank and one newspaper. 
Population (1890), 1,548; (19U0), 1,582. 

EL PASO, a city in Woodford County, 17 miles 
north of Hloomington, 33 miles east of Peoria, at 
the crossing Illinois Central and Toledo, Peoria & 
Western Railroads; in agricultural district; has 
two national banks, three grain elevators, two 
high schools, two newspapers, nine churches. 
Pop. (1890), 1,353; (1900), 1,441; (1903, est.), 1,600. 

E.MB.VRRAS RIVER, rises in Champaign 
County and runs southward through the counties 
of Douglas, Coles and Cumberland, to Newton, in 
Jasper County, where it turns to the southeast, 
passing through Lawrence County, and entering 
the Wabash River about seven miles below Vin- 
cennes. It is nearly 150 miles long. 

EM-MERSOX, Charles, jurist, was bom at North 
Haverhill, Grafton County, N. H., April 15, 1811; 
came to Illinois in 1833. first settling at Jackson- 
ville, where he spent one term in Illinois College, 
then studied law t:t Springfield, and, having been 
admitted to the bar, began jjractice at Decatur, 
where he spent the remainder of his life except 
three years (1847.50) during which he resided at 
Paris, Edgar County. In 1850 he was elected to 



158 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



the Legislature, and, in 1853, to the Circuit bench, 
serving on the latter by re-election till 1867. The 
latter year lie was a candidate for Justice of the 
Supreme Court, but was defeated by the late 
Judge Pinkney H. Walker. In 1869 he was 
elected to the State Constitutional Convention, 
but died in April, 1870, while the Convention was 
still in session. 

ENFIELD, a town of White County, at the 
intersection of the Louisville & Nashville with 
the Baltimore & Ohio Southwestern Railway, 10 
miles west of Carmi; is the seat of Southern Illi- 
nois College. The town also has a bank and one 
newspaper. Population (1880), 717; (1890), 870; 
(1900), 971; (1903, est.), 1,000. 

ENGLISH, Joseph G., banker, was born at 
Rising Sun, Ind., Dec. 17, 1820; lived for a time 
at Perrysville and La Fayette in that State, finally 
engaging in merchandising in the former; in 
IS.'jS removed to Danville, 111., where he formed 
a partnership with John L. Tincher in mercantile 
business ; later conducted a private banking busi- 
ness and, in 1863, established the First National 
Bank, of which he has been President over twenty 
years. He served two terms as Mayor of Dan- 
ville, in 1873 was elected a member of the State 
Board of Ecjualization, and, for more than twenty 
years, has been one of tlie Directors of the Chicago 
& Eastern Railroad. At the present time Mr. 
English, having practically retired from busi- 
ness, is speniling most of his time in the West. 

ENOS, Pascal Paoll, pioneer, was born at 
Windsor, Conn., in 1770; graduated at Dartmouth 
College in 1794, studied law, and, after spending 
some years in Vermont, where he served as High 
Sheriff of Wind.sor County, in September, 1815, 
removed West, stopping first at Cincinnati. A 
year later he descended the Ohio by flat-boat to 
Shawneetown, 111., crossed the State by land, 
finally locating at St. Charles, Mo., and later at 
St. Louis. Then, liaving purchased a tract of land 
in Madison Comity, 111., he remained there about 
two 3'ears, when, in 1823, having received from 
President Monroe the appointment of Receiver of 
the newly established Land Office at Springfield, 
he removed thither, making it his permanent 
home. He was one of the original purchasers of 
the land on which the city of Springfield now 
stands, and joined with Maj. Elijah lies, John 
Taylor and Thomas Cox, the other patentees, in 
laying out the town, to which they first gave the 
name of Calhoun. Mr. Enos remained in office 
through the administration of President John 
Quincy Adams, but was removed by President 
Jackson for political reasons, in 1829. Died, at 



Springfield, April, 1833.— Pascal P. (Enos), Jr., 
eldest son of Mr. Enos, was born in St. Charles, 
Mo., Nov. 38, 1816; was elected Representative in 
the General Assembly from Sangamon County in 
1852, and served by apiwintnient of Justice 
McLean of the Supreme Court as Clerk of the 
United States Circuit Court, being reappointed 
by Judge David Davis, dying in office, Feb. 17, 
1867. — Ziniri A. (Enos), another son, was born 
Sept. 29, 1821, is a citizen of Springfield — has 
served as County Surveyor and Alderman of the 
city. — Julia R., a daughter, was born in Spring- 
field, Dec. 20, 1833, is the widow of the late O. M. 
Hatch, Secretary of State(1857-65). 

EPLER, Cyrus, lawyer and jurist, was born 
at Charleston, Clark County, Ind., Nov. 12, 
1835; graduated at Illinois College, Jackson- 
ville, studied law, and was admitted to the 
bar in 1852, being elected State's Attorney 
the same year; also served as a member 
of the General Assembly two terms (1857-61) 
and as Master in Chancery for Morgan County, 
1867-73. In 1873 he was elected Circuit Judge 
for the Seventh Circuit and was re-elected 
successively in 1879, '85 and '91, serving four 
terms, and retiring in 1897. During his entire 
professional and official career his home has been 
in Jacksonville. 

EQUALITY, a village of Gallatin County, on 
the Shawneetown Division of the Louisville & 
Nashville Railroad, 11 miles west-northwest of 
Shawneetown. It was for a time, in early days, the 
county-seat of Gallatin Count}' and market for 
the salt manufactured in that vicinity. Some 
coal is mined in the neighborhood. One weekly 
paper is published here. Population (1880), 500; 
(1890), 622; (1900), 898. 

ERIE, a village of Whiteside County, on the 
Rock Island and Sterling Division of the Chicago, 
Burlington & Quincy Railroad, 30 miles north- 
east of Rock Island. Population (1880), 537; 
(1890), .535; (1900), 768. 

EUREKA, the county -seat of Woodford County, 
incorporated in 1856, situated 19 miles east of 
Peoria; is in the heart of a rich stock-raising and 
agricultural district. The principal mechanical 
industry is a large canning factory. Besides 
having good grammar and high schools, it is also 
the seat of Eureka College, under the control of 
the Christian denomination, in connection with 
which are a Normal School and a Biblical Insti- 
tute. The town has a handsome courthouse and 
a jail, two weekly and one monthly paper. 
Eureka became the county-seat of Woodford 
County in 1896, the change from Metamora being 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



159 



due to the central location and more convenient 
accessibility of the former from all parts of the 
county. Population (1S80), 1,185; (1890), 1,481; 
(1900). 1,661. 

El'REK.\ COLLECiE, located at Eureka, Wood- 
ford County, and cliartered in 185.'>, distinctively 
imder the care and supervision of the "Christian" 
or "Campbellite"' denomination. The primary 
aim of its founders was to jirepare young men for 
the ministry, wliile at the same time affording 
facilities for liberal culture. It was cliartered in 
1855, and its growtli, while grailual, has been 
steady. Besides a preparatorj- department and a 
business school, the college maintains a collegiate 
department (with classical and scientific coui-ses) 
and a theological school, tlie latter being designed 
to ht young men for the ministry of the denomi- 
nation. Botli male and female matriculates are 
received. In 1896 there was a faculty of eighteen 
professors and assistants, and an attendance of 
some 325 students, nearly one-third of whom 
were females. Tlie total value of the institution's 
prof)erty is 9144,000, which includes an endow- 
ment of §45,000 and real estate valued at §85,000. 
EUSTACE, John V., lawyer and judge, was 
bom in Philadelphia, Sept. 9, 1S21 ; graduated 
from the University of Pennsylvania in 1839, and, 
in 1842, at the age of 21, was admitted to the bar, 
removing the same year to Dixon, 111. , where he 
resided until his death. In 1850 he was elected 
to the General Assembly and, in 1857, became 
Circuit Judge, serving one term; was chosen 
Presidential Elector in 18G4, and, in JIarch, 1878, 
was again elevated to the Circuit Bench, vice 
Judge Heaton, deceased. He was elected to the 
same position in 1879. and re-elected in 1885, but 
died in 1888, three years before the expiration of 
his term. 

EVANGELICAL SEMINARY, an institution 
imder tlie direction of the Lutheran denomina- 
tion, incorporated in 18G5 and located at Elm- 
hurst, Du Page Coimty, Instruction is given in 
the classics, theology, oratory and preparatory 
studies, bj- a faculty of eight teachers. The 
number of pupils during the school year (1895-90) 
was 133 — all young men. It has property valued 
at $59,305. 

EVAXS, Henry H., legislator, was born in 
Toronto, Can., March 9, 1836; brought by his 
father (who was a native of Penn.sylvania) to 
Aurora, 111. , where the latter finally became fore- 
man of the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy ma- 
chine shops at that place. In 1863 young Evans 
enlisted in the One Hundred and Twenty-fourth 
Illinois Volunteers, serving until the close of the 



war. Since the war he lias become most widely 
known as a member of the General Assembly, hav- 
ing been elected first to the Hou.se, in 1876, and 
subsequently to tlie Senate every four years from 
1880 to the year 1898, giving him over twenty 
years of ahnost continuous service. He is a large 
owner of real estate and has been prominently 
connected with financial and other business 
enterprises at Aurora, including the Aurora Gas 
and Street Railway Companies; also served with 
the rank of Colonel on the staffs of Governors 
Cullom. Hamilton, Fifer and Oglesby. 

EVAXS, (Rev.) Jervlce G., educator and re- 
former, was born in Marshall County, 111., Dec. 
19, 1833; entered the ministry of the Methodist 
Episcopal Church in 1854, and, in 1873, accepted 
the presidency of Hedding College at Abingdon, 
which he filled for six years. He then became 
President of Chaddock College at Quincy, but the 
following 3-ear returned to pastoral work. In 
1889 he again became President of Hedding Col- 
lege, where (1898) he still remains. Dr. Evans is 
a member of the Central Illinois (M. E.) Confer- 
ence and a leader in the prohibition movement ; 
has also produced a number of volumes on reli- 
gious and moral questions. 

EVAXS, John, M.D., physician and Governor, 
was born at Waynesville, Oliio, of Quaker ances- 
try, March 9, 1814; graduated in medicine at 
Cincinnati and began jiractice at Ottawa, 111., 
but soon returned to Oliio, finally locating at 
Attica, Ind. Here he became prominent in the 
establishment of the first insane hospital in In- 
diana, at Indianapolis, about 1841-42, becoming a 
resident of that city in 1845. Three years later, 
having accepted a chair in Rush Medical College, 
in Chicago, he removed thither, also serving for 
a time as editor of "The Northwestern Medical 
and Siu-gical Journal." He served as a member 
of the Chicago City Council, became a successful 
o])erator in real estate and in the promotion of 
various railroad enterprises, and was one of the 
founders of the Northwestern University, at 
Evanston, serving as President of the Board of 
Trustees over forty years. Dr. Evans was one of 
the founders of the Republican part}' in Illinois, 
and a strong personal friend of President Lincoln, 
from whom, in 1802, lie received the appointment 
of Governor of the Territory of Colorado, con- 
tinuing in office until displaced by Andrew John- 
son in 1805. In Colorado he became a leading 
factor in the construction of some of the most 
important railroad lines in that section, including 
the Denver, Texivs & Gulf Road, of which he was 
for many years the President. He was also 



160 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



prominent in connection with educational and 
church enterprises at Denver, which was his home 
after leaving Illinois. Died, in Denver, July 3, 1897. 
ETANSTON, a city of Cook County, situated 13 
miles north of Chicago, on the Chicago, Milwau- 
kee & St. Paul and the Chicago & Northwestern 
Railroads. The original town was incorporated 
Dec. 29, 1863, and, in March, 1869, a special act 
was passed by the Legislature incorporating it as 
a city, but rejected by vote of the people. On 
Oct. 19, 1872, the voters of the corporate town 
adopted village organizations under the General 
Village and City Incorporation Act of the same 
year. Since then annexations of adjacent terri- 
tory to the village of Evanston have taken place 
as follows: In January, 1873, two small districts 
by petition; in April, 1874, the village of North 
Evanston was annexed by a majority vote of the 
electors of both corporations; in April, 1886, 
there was another annexation of a small out-lying 
district by petition; in February, 1892, the ques- 
tion of the annexation of South Evanston was 
submitted to the voters of both corporations and 
adopted. On March 29, 1892, the question of 
organization under a city government was sub- 
mitted to popular vote of the consolidated corpo- 
ration and decided in the affirmative, the first 
city election taking place xVpril 19, following. 
The population of the original corporation of 
Evanston, according to the census of 1890, was 
12,072, and of South Evanston, 3,205, making the 
total population of the new city 15,967. Judged 
by the census returns of 1900, the consolidated 
city has had a healthy growth in the past 
ten years, giving it, at the end of the 
century, a population of 19,259. Evanston is 
one of the most attractive residence cities in 
Northern Illinois and famed for its educational 
advantages. Besides having an admirable system 
of graded and high schools, it is the seat of the 
academic and theological departments of the 
Northwestern University, the latter being known 
as the Garrett Biblical Institute. Tlie city has 
well paved streets, is lighted by both gas and 
electricity, and maintains its own system of 
water works. Prohibition is strictly enforced 
within the corporate limits vmder stringent 
municipal ordinances, and the charter of the 
Northwestern University forbidding the sale of 
intoxicants within four miles of that institution. 
As a consequence, it is certain to attract the 
most desirable class of people, whether consisting 
of those seeking permanent homes or simply 
contemplating temporary residence for the sake 
of educational advantages. 



EWING, William Lee Davidson, early lawj-er 
and politician, was bom in Kentucky in 1795, and 
came to Illinois at an early day, first settling at 
Shawneetown. As early as 1820 lie appears from 
a letter of Governor Edwards to President Mon- 
roe, to have been holding some Federal appoint- 
ment, presumably that of Receiver of Public 
Moneys in the Land Office at Vandalia, as con- 
temporary history shows that, in 1832, he lost a 
deposit of §1,000 by the robbery of the bank there. 
He was also Brigadier-General of the State militia 
at an early day. Colonel of the "Spy Battalion" 
during the Black Hawk War, and, as Indian 
Agent, superintended the removal of the Sacs 
and Foxes west of the Mississippi. Other posi- 
tions held by him included Clerk of the House of 
Representatives two sessions ( 1826-27 and 1828-29) ; 
Representative from the counties composing the 
Vandalia District in the Seventh General Assem- 
bly (1830-31), when he also became Speakerof the 
House; Senator from the same District in the 
Eighth and Ninth General Assemblies, of which 
he was chosen President pro tempore. While 
serving in tliis capacity he became ex-officio 
Lieutenant-Governor in consequence of the resig- 
nation of Lieut. -Gov. Zadoc Casey to accept a 
seat in Congress, in March, 1833, and, in Novem- 
ber, 1834, assumed tlie Governorship as successor 
to Governor Reynolds, who had been elected to 
Congress to fill a vacancy. He served only fifteen 
days as Governor, when he gave place to Gov. 
Joseph Duncan, who had been elected in due 
course at the previous election. A year later 
(December, 1835) he was chosen United States 
Senator to succeed Elias Kent Kane, who had 
died in office. Failing of a re-election to the 
Senatorship in 1837, he was returned to the House 
of Representatives from his old district in 1838, 
as he was again in 1840, at each session being 
chosen Speaker over Abraham Lincoln, who was 
the Whig candidate. Dropping out of the Legis- 
lature at the close of his term, we find him at the 
beginning of the next session (December, 1842) in 
his old place as Clerk of the House, but, before 
the close of the session (in March, 1843), appointed 
Auditor of Public Accounts as successor to James 
Sliields, who had resigned. While occupying the 
office of Auditor, Mr. Ewing died, March 25, 1846. 
His public career was as unique as it was remark- 
able, in the number and character of the official 
positions held by him within a period of twenty- 
five years. 

EXECUTIVE OFFICERS. (See State officers 
under heads of "Governor,'" "Lieutenant-Gov- 
ernor," etc.) 



mSTOiaCAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



161 



EYE AND EAR INFIRMARY, ILLINOIS 
CHARITAHLE. This iustitution is an outgrowtli 
of a private cliarity founded at Chicago, in 1858, 
by Dr. Edward L. Hohues, a distinguished Chi- 
cago oculist. In 1871 tlie property of the institu- 
tion was transferred to and accepted by the State, 
the title was clianged by tlie substitution of the 
word "Illinois" for "Chicago," and the Infirmary 
became a State institution. The fire of 1871 
destroyed the building, and, in 1873-74, the State 
erected anotlier of brick, four stories in Iieiglit, 
at the corner of West Adams and Peoria Streets, 
Cliicago. The institution receives patients from 
all the counties of the State, the same receiving 
board, lodging, and medical aid, and (when neces- 
sary) surgical treatment, free of charge. The 
number of patients on Dec. 1, 1897, was 160. In 
1877 a free ej'e and ear dispensary was opened 
under legislative authority, which is under charge 
of some eminent Chicago specialists. 

FAIRBURY, an incorporated city of Livings- 
ton County, situated ten miles southeast of Pon- 
tiac, in a fertile and thickly-settled region. Coal, 
sandstone, limestone, fire-clay anil a micaceous 
quartz are found in the neighborhood. The 
town has banks, grain elevators, flouring mills 
and two weekly newspapers. Population (1880), 
2,140: (1890), 2,324; (1900), 2,187. 

FAIRFIELD, an incorporated city, the county- 
seat of Wayne County and a railway jiuiction, 
108 miles southeast of St. Louis. The town has 
an extensive woolen factory and large flouring 
and saw mills. It also has four weekly papers 
and is an important fruit and grain-shipping 
point. Population (1880), 1,391; (1890), 1,881; 
(1900), 2,3.38. 

FAIRMOUNT, a village of Vermilion County, 
on the Wabash Railway, 13 miles west-.southwe.st 
from Danville; industrial interests chiefly agri- 
cultural; has brick and tile factory, a coal mine, 
stone quarry, three rural mail routes and one 
weekly paper. Population (1890). 649; (1900), 928. 

FALLOWS, (Rt. Rev.) Samuel, Bishop of Re- 
formed Protestant Episcopal Church, was born at 
Pendleton, near Manchester, England, Dec. 13, 
1835; removed with his parents to Wisconsin in 
1848, and graduated from the State University 
there in 1859, during a part of his university 
course serving as pastor of a 5Iethodist Episcopal 
church at Madison; was next Vice-President of 
Gainesville University till 18G1, when he was 
ordained to the Methodist ministry and liecame 
pastor of a church at Oshkosh. The following 
year he was appointed Chaplain of the Thirty- 



second Wisconsin Volunteers, but later assisted 
in organizing the Fortieth Wisconsin, of which 
he became Colonel, in 18G5 being brevetted Briga- 
dier-General. On his return to civil life he 
became a pjustor in Milwaukee; was appointed 
State Superintendent of Public Instruction for 
Wisconsin to fill a vacancy, in 1871, and was twice 
re-elected. In 1874 he was elected President of 
the Illinois Wesleyan University at Bloomington, 
111., remaining two years; in 1875 united with the 
Reformetl Episcopal Church, soon after became 
Rector of St. Paul's Church in Chicago, and was 
elected a Bishop in 1876, also assuming the 
editorship of "The Appeal," the organ of the 
church. He served as Regent of the University 
of Wisconsin (18G4-74), and for several years has 
been one of the Trustees of the Illinois State 
Reform School at Pontiac. He is the author of 
two or three volumes, one of them being a "Sup- 
plementary Dictionary," published in 1884. 
Bishop Fallows has had supervision of Reformed 
Epi-scopal Church work in the West and North- 
west for several years ; has also served as Chaplain 
of the Grand Army of the Republic for the 
Department of Illinois and of the Loyal Legion, 
and was Chairman of the General Committee of 
the Educational Congress during the World's 
Columbian Exposition of 1893. 

FARINA, a town of Fayette County, on the 
Chicago Division of the Illinois Central Railroad, 
29 miles northeast of Centralia. Agriculture and 
fruit-growing constitute the chief business of the 
section; the town has one newspaper. Popula- 
tion (1890). 61S; (1900). 093; (1903, est.). 800. 

FARMER CITY, a city of De Witt County, 25 
miles southeast of Bloomington, at the junction 
of the Springfield division of the Illinois Central 
and the Peoria division of the Cleveland, Cincin- 
nati, Chicago & St. Louis Railways. It is a 
trading center for a rich agricultural and stock- 
raising district, especially noted for rearing finely 
bred horses. The city has banks, two news- 
papers, churches of four denominations and good 
schools, including a high school. Population 
(1880), 1.289; (1890), 1,367; (1900), 1,664- 

FARMERS' INSTITUTE, an organization 
created by an act, approved June 24, 1895, de- 
signed to encourage practical education among 
farmers, and to assist in developing the agricul- 
tural resources of the State. Its membership 
consists of three delegates from each county in 
the State, elected annually by the Farmers' 
Institute in such county. Its affairs are managed 
by a Board of Directors constituted as follows: 
The Superintendent of Public Instruction, the 



162 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



Professor of Agriculture in the University of Illi- 
nois, and the Presidents of the State Board of 
Agriculture, Dairymen's Association and Horti- 
cultural Society, ex-officio, with one member from 
each Congressional District, chosen by the dele- 
gates from the district at the annual meeting of 
the organization. Annual meetings (between 
Oct. 1 and March 1) are required to be held, 
which shall continue in .session for not less than 
three days. The topics for discussion are the 
cultivation of crops, the care and breeding of 
domestic animals, dairy husbandry, horticulture, 
farm drainage, improvement of highways and 
general farm management. The reports of the 
annual meetings are printed by the State to the 
number of 10,000, one-half of the edition being 
placed at the disposal of the Institute. Suitable 
quarters for tlie officers of the organization are 
provided in the State capitol. 

FARMINCiTON, a city and railroad center in 
Fulton County, 13 miles north of Canton and 23 
miles west of Peoria. Coal is extensively mined 
here; there are also brick and tile factories, a 
foundry, one steam flour-mill, and two cigar 
manufactories. It is a large shipping-point for 
grain and live-stock. The town has two banks 
and two newspapers, five churches and a graded 
school. Population (1890), 1,37.5; (1903, est.), 3.103. 

FARXSWORTH, Elon John, soldier, was born 
at Green Oak, Livingston County, Mich., in 1837. 
After completing a course in the public schools, 
he entered the University of Micliigan, but left 
college at the end of his freshman year (1858) to 
serve in the Quartermaster's department of the 
army in the Utah expedition. At the expiration 
of his term of service he became a buffalo hunter 
and a carrier of mails between the haunts of 
civilization and the then newly-discovered mines 
at Pike's Peak. Returning to Illinois, he was 
commissioned (1861) Assistant Quartermaster of 
the Eighth Illinois Cavalry, of which his uncle 
was Colonel. (See Farnsworth, John Franklin.) 
He soon rose to a captaincy, distinguishing him- 
self in the battles of the Peninsula. In May, 
1863, he was appointed aid-de-camp to General 
Pleasanton, and, on June 39, 1863, was made a 
Brigadier-General. Four daj's later he was killed, 
while gallantly leading a charge at Gettysburg. 

FARNSWORTH, John Franklin, soldier and 
former Congressman, was born at Eaton, Canada 
East, March 27, 1820; removed to Michigan in 
1834, and later to Illinois, settling in Kane 
County, where he practiced law for many years, 
making his home at St. Charles. He was elected 
to Congress in 1856, and re-elected in 1858. In 



September of 1861, he was commissioned Colonel 
of the Eighth Illinois Cavahy Volunteers, and 
was brevetted Brigadier-General in November, 
1862, but resigned, March 4, 1863, to take his seat 
in Congress to which he had been elected the 
November previous, by successive re-elections 
serving from 1863 to 1873. The latter years of 
his life were spent in Washington, where he died, 
July U, 1897. 

FARWELL, Charles Benjamin, merchant and 
United States Senator, was born at Painted Post, 
N. Y., July 1, 1833; removed to Illinois in 1838, 
and, for six years, was employed in surveying 
and farming. In 1844 he engaged in the real 
estate business and in banking, at Chicago. He 
was elected County Clerk in 1853, and reelected 
in 1857. Later he entered into commerce, becom- 
ing a partner with his brother, John Villiers, in 
the firm of J. V. Farwell & Co. He was a mem- 
ber of the State Board of Equalization in 1867 ; 
Chairman of the Board of Supervisors of Cook 
County in 1868; and National Bank Examiner in 
1869. In 1870 he was elected to Congress as a 
Republican, was re-elected in 1872, but was 
defeated in 1874, after a contest for the seat which 
was carried into the House at Washington. 
Again, in 1880, he was returned to Congress, 
making three fuU terms in that body. He also 
served for several years as Chairman of the 
Rej^ublican State Central Committee. After the 
death of Gen. John A. Logan he was (1887) 
elected United States Senator, his term expiring 
March 3, 1891. Mr. Farwell has since devoted 
his attention to the immense mercantile busi- 
ness of J. V. Farwell & Co. 

FARWELL, John Villiers, merchant, was born 
at Campbelltown, Steuben County, N. Y., July 
29, 1825, the son of a farmer ; received a common- 
school education and, in 1838, removed with his 
father's family to Ogle County, 111. Here he 
attended Mount Morris Seminary for a time, but, 
in 1845, came to Chicago without capital and 
secured employment in the City Clerk's office, 
then became a book-keeper in the dry- goods 
establishment of Hamilton & White, and, still 
later, with Hamilton & Day. Having thus 
received his bent towards a mercantile career, he 
soon after entered the concern of Wadsworth & 
Phelps as a clerk, at a salary of §600 a year, but 
was admitted to a partnership in 1850, the title of 
the firm becoming Cooley, Farwell & Co., in 1860. 
About this time Marshall Field and Levi Z. Leiter 
became associated with the concern and received 
their mercantile training under the supervision 
of Mr. Farwell. In 1865 the title of the firm 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



163 



became J. V. Farwell & Co., but. in 1891, the firm 
was incorporated under the name of The J. V. 
Farwell Comjiany, his brother, Charles B. Far- 
well, being a member. The subject of this sketch 
lias long been a prominent factor in religious 
circles, a leading spirit of the Young Men's 
Christian Association, and served as President of 
the Chicago Branch of the United States 
Christian Commi.ssion during the Civil War. 
Politically he is a Republican and served as Presi- 
dential Elector at the time of President Lincoln's 
second election in 18G4; also served by appoint- 
ment of President Grant, in 1869, on the Board of 
Indian Commissioners. He was a member of the 
syndicate which erected the Texas State Capitol, 
at Austin, in that State ; has been, for a nmnber 
of years, Vice-President and Treasurer of the 
J. v. Farwell Company, and President of the 
Colorado Consolidated Land and Water Company. 
He was also prominent in the organization of the 
Chicago Public Library, and a member of the 
Union League, the Chicago Historical Society 
and the Art Institute. 

FARWELL, William Washingrton, jurist, was 
born at Morrisville, Madison County, N. Y., Jan. 
5, 1817, of old Puritan ancestry ; graduated from 
Hamilton College in 1837, and was admitted to 
the bar at Rochester, N. Y., in 1841. In 1848 he 
removed to Chicago, but the following year went 
to California, returning to his birthplace in 1850. 
In 1854 he again settled at Chicago and soon 
secured a prominent position at the bar. In 1871 
he was elected Circuit Court Judge for Cook 
County, and, in 1873, reelected for a term of six 
years. During this period he sat chiefly upon 
the chancery side of the court, and, for a time, 
presided as Chief Justice. At the close of his 
second term he was a camlidate for re-election as 
a Republican, but was defeated with the re- 
mainder of the ticket. In 1880 he was chosen 
Professor of Equitj' Jurisprudence in the Union 
College of Law (now the Northwestern Univer- 
sity Law School), serving until June, 1893, when 
he resigned. Died, in Chicago, April 30, 1894. 

FAYETTE COUNTY, situated alwut 60 miles 
south of the geographical center of the State; 
was organized in 1821, and named for the French 
General La Fayette. It has an area of 720 square 
miles; population (1900), 28,065. The soil is fer- 
tile and a rich vein of bituminous coal underlies 
the county. Agriculture, fruit-growing and 
mining are the chief industries. The old, historic 
"Cumberland Road," the trail for all west-bound 
emigrants, crossed the county at an early date. 
Penyville was the first county -seat, but this town 



is now extinct. Vandalia, the present seat of 
count}' government (population, 2,144), stands 
upon a succession of hills upon the west bank of 
the Kaskaskia. From 1820 to 1839 it was the 
State Capital. Besides Vandalia the chief towns 
are Ramsey, noted for its railroad ties and tim- 
ber, and St. Elmo. 

FEEBLE-MINDED CHILDREN, ASYLUM 
FOR. This institution, originally established as 
a sort of appendage to the Illinois Institution for 
the Deaf and Dumb, was started at Jacksonville, 
in 1805, as an "experimental school, for the 
instruction of idiots and feeble-minded children." 
Its success having been assured, the school was 
placed upon an independent basis in 1871, and, 
in 1875, a site at Lincoln, Logan County, covering 
forty acres, was donated, and the erection of 
buildings begim. The original plan provided for 
a center building, with wings and a rear exten- 
sion, to cost §124,775. Besides a main or adminis- 
tration building, the institution embraces a 
school building and custodial hall, a hospital and 
industrial workshop, and, during the past j-ear, a 
chapel has been added. It has control of 890 
acres, of which 400 are leased for farming pur- 
poses, the rental going to the benefit of the insti- 
tution. The remainder is ased for the purposes 
of the institution as farm land, gardens or pas- 
ture, about ninety acres being occupied by the 
institution buildings. The capacity of the insti- 
tution is about 700 inmates, with many applica- 
tions constantly on file for the admission of 
others for whom there is no room. 

FEEHAN, Patrick A., D.D., Archbishop of 
the Roman Catholic archdiocese of Chicago, and 
Metropolitan of Illinois, was born at Tipperary, 
Ireland, in 1829, and educated at Maynooth 
College. He emigrated to the United States in 
1852, settling at St. Louis, and was at once 
appointed President of the Seminarj' of Caronde- 
let. Later he was made pastor of the Church of 
the Immaculate Conception at St. Louis, where 
he achieved marked distinction. In 1865 he was 
consecrated Bishop of Nashville, managing the 
affairs of the diocese with great ability. In 1880 
Chicago was raised to an archiepiscopal see, with 
Suffragan Bishops at Alton and Peoria, and 
Bishop Feehan was consecrated its first Arch- 
bishop. His administration has been conserva- 
tive, yet efficient, and the archdiocese has greatly 
prospered under his rule. 

FELL, Jesse W., lawyer and real-estate opera- 
tor, was born in Chester County, Pa., about 1808; 
started west on foot in 1828, and, after spending 
some years at Steubenville, Ohio, came to Dela- 



164 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



van, 111., in 1833, and the next year located at 
Bloomington, being the first lawyer in that new 
town. Later he became agent for school lands 
and the State Bank, but failed financially in 
1837, and returned to practice; resided several 
years at Payson, Adams County, but returning 
to Bloomington in 1855, was instrumental in 
securing the location of the Chicago & Alton 
Railroad through that town, and was one of the 
founders of the towns of Clinton, Pontiac, Lex- 
ington and El Paso. He was an intimate personal 
and political friend of Abraham Lincoln, and it 
was to him Mr. Lincoln addressed his celebrated 
personal biography; in the campaign of 1860 he 
served as Secretary of the RepubUcan State Cen- 
tral Committee, and, in 1863, was appointed by 
Mr. Lincoln a Paymaster in the regular army, 
serving some two years. Mr. Fell was also a zeal- 
ous friend of the cause of industrial education, 
and bore an important part in securing the 
location of the State Normal University at Nor- 
mal, of which citj' he was the founder. Died, at 
Bloomington, Jan. 25, 1887. 

FERGUS, Robert, early printer, was born in 
Glasgow, Scotland, Augu.st 4, 1815; learned the 
printer's trade in his native city, assisting in his 
youth in putting in type some of Walter Scott's 
productions and other works which now rank 
among English classics. In 1834 he came to 
America, finally locating in Chicago, where, 
with various partners, he pursued tlie business of 
a job printer continuousl}' some fifty years — 
being the veteran printer of Chicago. He was 
killed by being run over by a railroad train at 
Evanston, July 23, 1897. The establishment of 
which he was so long the head is continued by 
his sons. 

FERNWOOD, a suburban station on the Chi- 
cago & Eastern Illinois Railroad, 13 south of ter- 
minal station; annexed to City of Chicago, 1891. 

FERRY, Elisha Peyre, politician, born in 
Monroe, Mich., August 9, 1825; was educated in 
his native town and admitted to the bar at Fort 
Wayne, Ind., in 1845; removed to Waukegan, 
111. , the following year, served as Postmaster and, 
in 1856, was candidate on the Republican ticket 
for Presidential Elector; was elected Mayor of 
Waukegan in 1859, a member of the State Con- 
stitutional Convention of 1862, State Bank Com- 
missioner in 1861-63, Assistant Adjutant-General 
on the staff of Governor Yates during the war, 
and a delegate to the Republican National Con- 
vention of 1864. After the war he served as 
direct-tax Commissioner for Tennessee; in 1869 
was appointed Surveyor-General of Washington 



Territory and, in 1873 and '76, Territorial Gov- 
ernor. On the admission of Washington as a 
State, in 1889, he was elected the first Governor. 
Died, at Seattle, Wash., Oct. 14, 1895. 

FEYRE RIYER, a small stream which rises in 
Southern Wisconsin and enters the Mississippi in 
Jo Daviess County, six miles below Galena, which 
stands upon its banks. It is navigable for steam- 
boats between Galena and its mouth. The name 
originally given to it by early French explorers 
was "Feve" (the French name for "Bean"), 
which has since been corrupted into its present 
form. 

FICKLIN, Orlando B., lawyer and politician, 
was born in Kentucky, Dec. 16, 1808, and 
admitted to the bar at Mount Carmel, Wabash 
County, 111., in March, 1830. In 1834 he was ' 
elected to the lower house of the Ninth General 
Assembly. After serving a term as State's 
Attorney for Wabash County, in 1837 he removed 
to Charleston, Coles County, where, in 1838, and 
again in '42, he was elected to the Legislature, as 
he was for the last time in 1878. He was four 
times elected to Congress, serving from 1843 to 
'49, and from 1851 to '53; was Presidential Elector 
in 1856, and candidate for the same position on 
the Democratic ticket for the State-at- large in 
1884; was also a delegate to the Democratic 
National Conventions of 1856 and '60. He was 
a member of the Constitutional Convention of 
1863. Died, at Charleston, May 5, 1886. 

FIELD, Alexander Pope, early legislator and 
Secretarj- of State, came to Illinois about the 
time of its admission into the Union, locating in 
Union County, which he represented in the Third, 
Fifth and Sixth General Assemblies. In the 
first of these he was a prominent factor in the 
ejection of Representative Hansen of Pike County 
and the seating of Shaw in his place, which 
enabled the advocates of slavery to secure the 
passage of a resolution submitting to the people 
the question of calling a State Constitutional 
Convention. In 1828 he was appointed Secretary 
of State by Governor Edwards, remaining in 
office under Governors Reynolds and Dun- 
can and through half the term of Governor 
Carlin, though the latter attempted to secure 
his removal in 1838 by the appointment of 
John A. McClernand — the courts, however, 
declaring against the latter. In November, 1840, 
the Governor's act was made effective bj- the 
confirmation, by the Senate, of Stephen A. Doug- 
las as Secretary in place of Field. Douglas 
held the office only to the following February, 
when he resigned to take a place on the Supreme 



HISTORICAL EXCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



165 



bench and Lyman Trumbull was appointed to 
succeed him. Field (who had become a Whig) 
was appointed by President Harrison, in 1841, 
Secretary of Wisconsin Territory, later removed 
to St. Louis and finally to New Orleans, where he 
was at the beginning of the late war. In Decem- 
ber, 1803, he presented himself as a member of 
the Thirty-eighth Congress for Louisiana, but 
was refused his seat, though claindng in an elo- 
quent speech to have been a loyal man. Died, in 
New Orleans, in 1877. Mr. Field was a nephew 
of Judge Nathaniel Pope, for over thirty years on 
the bench of the United States District Court. 

FIELD, Eugene, journalist, luunorist and poet, 
was born in St. Louis, Mo., Sept. 3, 1850. Left an 
orphan at an early age, he was reared by a rela- 
tive at Amherst, Mass., and received a portion of 
his literary training at Monson and William.stown 
in that State, completing his course at the State 
University of Missouri. After an extended tour 
through Europe in 1873-73, he began his journal- 
istic career at St. Louis, Mo., as a reporter on 
"The Evening Journal," later becoming its city 
editor. During the next ten years he was succes- 
sively connecteil with newspapers at St. Joseph, 
Mo., St. Louis, Kansas City, and at Denver, Colo., 
at the last named city being managing editor of 
"The Tribune." In 1883 he removed to Chicago, 
becoming a special writer for "The Chicago 
News," his particular department for several 
years being a pungent, witty column with the 
caption, "Sharps and Flats." He wrote con- 
siderable prose fiction and much poetry, among 
the latter being successful translations of several 
of Horace's Odes. As a poet, however, he was 
best known through his short poems relating to 
childhood and home, whicli strongly appealed to 
the popular heart. Died, in Chicago, deeply 
mourned by a large circle of admirers, Nov. 4, 
189.5. 

FIELD, Marshall, merchant and capitalist, was 
born in Conway. Mass., in 183.5, and grew up on 
a farm, receiving a common school and academic 
education. At the age of 17 he entered upon a 
mercantile career as clerk in a drj'-goods store at 
Pittsfield, Mass., but, in 18.")G, came to Chicago 
and secured employment with Messrs. Cooley, 
Wadsworth & Co. ; in 1860 was admitted into 
partnership, the firm becoming Cooley, Farwell 
& Co., and still later, Farwell, Field & Co. The 
last named firm was dissolved and that of Field, 
Palmer & Leiter organized in 186.5. Mr. Palmer 
having retired in 1867, the firm was continued 
under the name of Field. Leiter & Co., until 1881, 
wnen Mr. Leiter retired, the concern being since 



known as Marshall Field & Co. The growth of 
the business of this great establishment is shown 
by the fact that, whereas its sales amounted 
before the fire to some 812,000,000 annually, in 
189.5 they aggregated .$40,000,000. Mr. Field's 
business career has been remarkable for its suc- 
cess in a city famous for its successful business 
men and the vastne.ss of their commercial oper- 
ations. He has been a generous and discrimi- 
nating patron of important public enterprises, 
some of his more conspicuous donations being the 
gift of a tract of land valued at §300,000 and 
§100,000 in cash, to the Chicago University, and 
§1,000,000 to the endowment of the Field Colum- 
bian Museum, as a sequel to the World's Colum- 
bian Exposition. The latter, chiefly through the 
munificence of Mr. Field, promises to become one 
of the leading institutions of its kind in the 
United States. Besides his mercantile interests, 
Mr. Field has extensive interests in various finan- 
cial and manufacturing enterprises, including 
the Pullman Palace Car Company and the Rock 
Island & Pacific Railroad, in each of which he is 
a Director. 

FIFER, Joseph W., born at Stanton, Va., Oct. 
28, 1840; in 1857 he accompanied his father (who 
was a stone-ma,son) to McLean Count}', 111., and 
worked at tlie manufacture and laying of brick. 
At the outbreak of the Civil War he enlisted as a 
private in the Thirtj'-third Illinois Infantry, and 
was dangerously wounded at the assault on Jack- 
son, Miss., in 1863. On the healing of his wound, 
disregarding the advice of family and friends, he 
rejoined his regiment. At the close of the war, 
when about 25 j-ears of age, he entered the Wes- 
leyan University at Bloomington, where, by dint 
of hard work and frugality, while supporting 
himself in part by manual labor, he secured a 
diploma in 1868. He at once began the study of 
law, and, soon after his admission, entered uix)na 
practice whicli subsequently proved both success- 
ful and lucrative. He was elected Corporation 
Counsel of Bloomington in 1871 and State's Attor- 
ney for McLean County in 1872. Jioldiug the latter 
office, through reelection, until 1880, when he 
was chosen State Senator, serving in the Thirty- 
second and Thirtj'-third General Assemblies. In 
1888 he was nominated and elected Governor ou 
the Republican ticket, but, in 1892, was defeated 
by John P. Altgeld, the Democratic nominee, 
though running in advance of the national and 
the rest of the State ticket. 

FINERTY, John F., ex-Congressman and 
journalist, was Ixirn in Galway, Ireland, Sept. 
10, 1846. His studies were mainly prosecuted 



IGC 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLIXOLS. 



under private tutors. At the age of 16 he entereil 
the profession of journalism, and, in 1864, coming 
to America, soon after enlisted, serving for 100 
days during the Civil War, in the Ninety-ninth 
New York Volunteers. Subsequently, liaving 
removed to Chicago, he was connected with "The 
Chicago Times" as a special correspondent from 
1876 to 1881, and, in 1882, established "The Citi- 
zen," a weekly newspaper devoted to the Irish- 
American interest, which he continues to pub- 
lish. In 1883 he was elected, as an Independ- 
ent Democrat, to represent the Second Illinois 
District in the Forty-eighth Congress, but, run- 
ning as an Independent Republican for re-election 
in 1884, was defeated by Frank Lawler, Democrat. 
In 1887 he was appointed Oil Inspector of Chi- 
cago, and, since 1889, has held no public office, 
giving his attention to editorial work on his 
paper. 

FISHER, (Dr.) George, pioneer physician and 
legislator, was probably a native of Virginia, 
from which State he appears to have come to 
Kaskaskia previous to 1800. He became very 
prominent during the Territorial period; was 
appointed by "William Henry Harrison, then 
Governor of Indiana Territory, the first Sheriff of 
Randolph County after its organization in 1801 ; 
was elected from that countj' to the Indiana 
Territorial House of Representatives in 180.5, and 
afterwards promoted to the Territorial Council ; 
was also Representative in the First and Third 
Legislatures of Illinois Territory (1812 and '16), 
serving as Speaker of each. He was a Dele- 
gate to the Constitutional Convention of 1818, but 
died 'on his farm near Kaskaskia in 1820. Dr. 
Fisher participated in the organization of the 
first Lodge of Free and Accepted Masons in Illi- 
nois at Kaskaskia, in 1806, and was elected one 
of its officers. 

FISHERIES. The fisheries of lUinois center 
chiefly at Chicago, the catch being taken from 
Lake Michigan, and including salmon trout, 
white fish (the latter species including a lake 
herring), wall-eyed pike, three kinds of bass, 
three varieties of sucker, carp and sturgeon. The 
"fishing fleet" of Lake Michigan, properly so 
called, (according to the census of 1890) con- 
sisted of forty-seven steamers and one schooner, 
of which only one — a steamer of twenty -six tons 
burthen — was credited to Illinois. The same 
report showed a capital of 836,105 invested in 
land, buildings, wharves, vessels, boats and 
apparatus. In addition to the "fishing fleet" 
mentioned, nearly 1,100 sail-boats and other vari- 
eties of craft are employed in the industry. 



sailing from ports between Chicago and ilacki 
nac, of which, in 1890, Illinois furnished 94, or 
about nine per cent. All sorts of apparatus are 
used, but the principal are gill, fyke and pound 
nets, and seines. The total value of these minor 
Illinois craft, with their equipment, for 1890, was 
nearly 818,000, the catch aggregating 722,830 
pounds, valued at between 824,000 and 825,000. 
Of this draught, the entire quantity was either 
sold fresh in Chicago and adjacent markets, or 
shipped, either in ice or frozen. The Mississippi 
and its tributaries yield walleyed pike, pike 
perch, buffalo fish, sturgeon, paddle fish, and 
other species available for food. 

FITHIAX, (iSeorge W., ex-Congressman, was 
born on a farm near Willow HiU, 111., July 4, 1854. 
His early education was obtained in the common 
schools, and he learned the trade of a printer at 
Mount Carmel. While employed at the case he 
found time to study law, and was admitted to the 
bar in 1875. In 1876 he was elected State's 
Attorney for Jasper County, and reelected in 
1880. He was prominent in Democratic politics, 
and, in 1888, was elected on the ticket of that 
party to represent the Sixteenth IlUnois District 
in Congress. He was re-elected in 1890 and 
again in 1892, but, in 1894, was defeated by his 
Republican opponent. 

FITHIAN, (Dr.) William, pioneer physician, 
was born in Cincinnati, Ohio, in 1800; built the 
first houses in Springfield and Urbana in that 
State; in 1822 began the study of medicine at 
Urbana ; later practiced two years at Mechanics- 
burgh, and four years at Urbana, as partner of 
his preceptor; in 1830 came west, locating at 
Danville, Vermilion County, where he became a 
large land-owner; in 1832 served with the Ver- 
milion County militia in the Black Hawk War, 
and, in 1834, was elected Representative in the 
Ninth General Assembly, the first of which 
Abraham Lincoln was a member; afterwards 
served two terms in the State Senate from the 
Danville District (1838-46). Dr. Fithian was 
active in promoting the railroad interests of 
Danville, giving the right of way for railroad 
purposes through a large body of land belonging 
to him, in Vermilion County. He was also a 
member of various medical associations, and, 
during his later years, was the oldest practicing 
physician in the State. Died, in Danville, 111., 
April 5, 1890. 

FLAGG, Gersliom, pioneer, was born in Rich- 
mond, Vt., in 1792, came west in 1816, settling in 
Madison County, 111., in 1818, where he was 
known as an enterprising farmer and a prominent 



IIISTOiaCAL EXCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



16: 



and influential citizen. Originally a Whig, he 
became a zealous Republican on the organizatiiin 
of that party, ilyinp; in 1857.— Willanl Cutting' 
(Flafig), son of the preceding, was born in Madi- 
son County, 111., Sept 10, 18'J!), spent his early life 
on his father's farm and in the common schools; 
from 1844 to '50 was a pupil in the celebrated 
high school of Edward Wyman in St. Louis, 
finall)" graduating with honors at Yale College, 
in 18.')4. During his college course he took a 
number of literary prizes, and, in his senior year, 
serveil as one of tlie editors of "The Yale Literary 
Magazine." Returning to Illinois after gradu- 
ation, he took charge of his father's farm, engaged 
e.xtensively in fruit-culture and stock raising, 
being the first to introduce the Devon breed of 
aittle in Madison County in 1859. He was a 
member of the Republican State Central Com- 
mittee in 18G0 ; in 1862, by appointment of Gov. 
Yates, became Enrolling Officer for Madison 
County; served as Collector of Internal Revenue 
for the Twelfth District, 1804-69, and, in 1808, 
was elected to the State Senate for a term of four 
years, and, during the last session of his term 
(187'2), took a prominent part in the revision of 
the school law ; was appointed a member of tlie 
first Board of Trustees of the Industrial Univer- 
sity (now the University of Illinois) at Cham- 
paign, and reappointed in 1875. Mr. Flagg was 
also prominent in agricultural and horticultural 
organizations, serving as Secretary of the State 
Horticultural Societj' from 1801 to '69, when lie 
became its President. He was one of tlie oiagi- 
nators of the "farmers' movement," served for 
some time as President of "The State Farmers' 
Association," wrote voluminouslj', and delivered 
addresses in various States on agricultural and 
horticultural topics, and, in 1875, was elected 
President of the National Agricultural Congress. 
In his later years he was a recognized leader in 
the Granger movement. Died, at Mora, Madison 
County, III., April 5, 1878. 

FLEMIN"(i, Kobert K., pioneer printer, was 
born in Krie County, Pa., learned the printers' 
trade in Pittsburg, and, coming west while quite 
young, worked at his trade in St. Louis, finally 
removing to Kaskaskia, where he was placed in 
control of the office of "The Republican Advo- 
cate," which had been established in 1828, by 
Elias Kent Kane. The publication of "The 
Advocate" having been suspended, he revived it 
in May, 1825. under the name of "The Kaskaskia 
Recorder," but soon removed it to Vandalia (then 
the State capital), and, in 1827, began the publi- 
cation of "The Illinois Corrector," at Edwards- 



ville. Two years later he returned to Kaskaskia 
and resumed the publication of "The Recorder," 
but, in 1833, was induced to remove his otliee to 
Belleville, where he commenced the publication 
of "The St. Clair Gazette," followed by "The St. 
Clair Mercury," both of which had a brief exist- 
ence. About 1843 he returned to the newspaper 
business as publisher of "The Belleville Advo- 
cate," whicli he continued for a number of years. 
He died, at Belleville, in 1874, leaving two sons 
who have been prominently identified with the 
history of journalism in Southern Illinois, at 
Belleville and elsewhere. 

FLETCHER, Job, pioneer and early legislator, 
was born in Virginia, in 1793, removed to Sanga- 
mon County, 111., in 1819; was elected Represent- 
ative in 1826, and, in 1834, to tlie State Senate, 
serving in the latter body six years. He was one 
of the famous "Long Nine" which represented 
Sangamon County in the Tenth General A.s.sem- 
bly. Mr. Fletcher was again a member of the 
House in 1844-45. Died, in Sangamon Count)-, 
in 1872. 

FLORA, a city in Harter Township, Clay 
County, on the Baltimore & Ohio Southwestern 
Railroad, 95 miles ea.st of St. Louis, and 108 miles 
soutb-.southeast of Springfield ; has barrel factory, 
flouring mills, cold storage and ice plant, three 
fruit-working factories, two banks, six churches 
and a weekly newspaper. Population (1890), 
1,695; (1900), 2.311 ; (1903. est.), 3.000. 

FLOWER, Georg'e, early English colonist, was 
born in Hertfordshire, England, about 1780; 
came to the United States in 1817. and was a.ssoci- 
ated with Morris Birkbeck in founding the 
"English Settlement'' at Albion, Edwards 
County, 111. Being in affluent circumstances, he 
built an elegant mansion and stocked an exten- 
sive farm witli blooded animals from England 
and other parts of Europe, but met witli reverses 
whicli dissipated his wealth. In common with 
Mr. Birkbeck, he was one of the determined 
opponents of the attempt to estalilish .slavery in 
Illinois in 1824. and did much to defeat that 
measure. He and his wife died on the same day 
(Jan. 15, 1802), while on a visit to a daughter at 
Grayville, 111. A book ^vritten by him — "History 
of the English Settlement in Edwards County, 
111." — and published in 1882. is a valuable contri- 
bution to the early history of that portion of the 
State. — Edward Fnrdliams (Flower), son of the 
preceding, was born in England, Jan. 31, 1805, 
but came with his father to Illinois in early life; 
later he returned to England and spent nearly 
half a century at Stratford on-.V von, wliere he 



168 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



was four times chosen Mayor of that borough 
and entertained many visitors from the United 
States to Shakespeare's birthplace. Died, March 
26, 1883. 

FOBES, Philena, educator, born in Onondaga 
County, N. Y., Sept. 10, 1811; was educated at 
Albany and at Cortland Seminary, Rochester, 
N. Y. ; in 1838 became a teacher in Monticello 
Female Seminary, then newly established at 
Godfrey, III, under Rev. Theron Baldwin, Prin- 
cipal. On the retirement of Mr. Baldwin in 1843, 
Miss Fobes succeeded to the principalship, 
remaining until 1866, when she retired. For 
some years she resided at Rochester, N. Y., and 
New Haven, Conn., but, in 1886, she removed to 
Philadelphia, where she afterwards made her 
home, notwithstanding her advanced age, main- 
taining a lively interest in educational and 
benevolent enterprises. Miss Fobes died at Phila- 
delphia, Nov. 8, 1898, and was buried at New 
Haven, Conn. 

FOLEY, Thomas, Roman Catholic Bishop, born 
in Baltimore. Md. , in 1833; was ordained a priest 
in 1846, and, two years later, was appointed Chan- 
cellor of the Diocese, being made Vicar-General 
in 1867, He was nominated Coadjutor Bishop of 
the Chicago Diocese in 1869 (Bisliop Duggan hav- 
ing become insane), and, in 1870, was consecrated 
Bishop. His administration of diocesan work was 
prudent and eminently successful. As a man 
and citizen he won the respect of all creeds and 
classes alike, the State Legislature adopting 
resolutions of respect and regret upon learning 
of his death, which occurred at Baltimore, in 
1879. 

FORBES, Stephen Van Rensselaer, pioneer 
teacher, was born at Windham, Vt., July 26, 1797; 
in his youth acquired a knowledge of surveying, 
and, having removed to Newburg (now South 
Cleveland), Ohio, began teaching. In 1829 he 
came west to Chicago, and having joined a sur- 
veying party, went to Louisiana, returning in 
the following year to Chicago, which then con- 
tained only three white families outside of Fort 
Dearborn. Having been joined by his wife, he 
took up his abode in what was called the "sut- 
ler's house" connected with Fort Dearborn; was 
appointed one of the first Justices of the Peace, 
and opened the first school ever taught in Chi- 
cago, all but three of his pupils being either 
half-breeds or Indians. In 1833 he was elected, as 
a AVhig, the first Sheriff of Cook County; later 
preempted 160 acres of land where Riverside 
now stands, subsequently becoming owner of 
some 1,800 acres, much of which he sold, about 



1853, to Dr. W. B. Egan at S20 per acre. In 
1849, having been seized with the "gold fever," 
Mr. Forbes joined in the overland migration to 
California, but, not being successful, retui'ned 
two years later by way of the Isthmiis, and, hav- 
ing sold his possessions in Cook County, took up 
his abode at Newburg, Ohio, and resumed his 
occupation as a surveyor. About 1878 he again 
returned to Chicago, but survived only a short 
time, dying Feb. 17, 1879. 

FORD, Thomas, early lawyer, jurist and Gov- 
ernor, was born in Uniontown, Pa. , and, in boy- 
hood, accompanied his mother (then a widow) to 
Missouri, in 1804. The family soon after located 
in Monroe Coimty, III, Largely through the 
efforts and aid of his half-brother, George 
Forquer, he obtained a professional education, 
became a successful lawyer, and, early in life, 
entered the field of politics. He served as a 
Judge of the Circuit Court for the northern part 
of the State from 1835 to 1837, and was again 
commissioned a Circuit Judge for the Galena 
circuit in 1839; in 1841 was elevated to the bench 
of the State Supreme Court, but resigned the 
following year to accept the nomination of his 
party (the Democratic) for Governor. He was 
regarded as upright in his general policy, but he 
had a number of embarrassing questions to deal 
with during his administration, one of these 
being the Mormon troubles, in which he failed to 
receive the support of his own party. He was 
author of a valuable "History of Illinois," (pub- 
lished i3osthumously). He died, at Peoria, in 
greatly reduced circumstances, Nov. 3, 1850. The 
State Legislature of 1895 took steps to erect a 
monument over his grave. 

FORD COUNTY, lies northeast of Springfield, 
was organized in 1859, being cut off from Vermil- 
ion. It is shaped like an inverted "T," and has 
an area of 490 square miles; population (1900), 
18,359. The first Coimty Judge was David Pat- 
ton, and David Davis (afterwards of the United 
States Supreme Court) presided over the first 
Circuit Court. The surface of the county is level 
and the soil fertile, consisting of a loam from one 
to five feet in depth. There is little timber, nor 
is there any out-cropping of stone. The county 
is named in honor of Governor Ford. The county- 
seat is Paxton, which had a population, in 1890, of 
2, 187. Gibson City is a railroad center, and has a 
population of 1,800. 

FORMAN, (Col.) Ferris, lawyer and soldier, 
was born in Tioga County, N. Y., August 35, 
1811 ; graduated at Union College in 1832. studied 
law and was admitted to the bar in New York in 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



169 



1835, and in the United States Supreme Court in 
1836; the hitter year came west and settled at 
Vandalia, 111., where he began practice; in 1844 
was elected to the State Senate for the district 
composed of Fayette, Effingham, Clay and Rich- 
land Counties, serving two years; before the 
expiration of his term (1846) enlisted for the 
Mexican War, and was commissioned Colonel of 
the Third Regiment Illinois Volunteers, and. 
after participating in a number of the most 
Important engagements of the campaign, was 
mustered out at New Orleans, in May. 1847. Re- 
turning from the Me.xican War, he brought with 
him and presented to the State of Illinois a 
six-pound cannon, which had been cai>tured by 
Illinois troops on the battlefield of Cerro Gordo, 
and is now in the State Arsenal at Springfield. 
In 1848 Colonel Forman was chosen Presidential 
Elector for the State-at-large on the Democratic 
ticket; in 1849 went to California, where he prac- 
ticed his profession until 1853, meanwhile serving 
as Postmaster of Sacramento City by appointment 
of President Pierce, and later as Secretary of 
State during the administration of Gov. John B. 
Weller (18.^8-60); in 1801 officiated, by appoint- 
ment of the California Legislature, as Commis- 
sioner on the part of the State in fixing the 
boundary between California and the Territory 
of Utah. After the discharge of this duty, he 
was offered the colonelcy of the Fourth California 
Volunteer Infantry, which he accepted, serving 
about twenty months, when he resigned. In 
1866 he resumed his residence at Vandalia, and 
served as a Delegate for Fayette and Effingham 
Counties in the Constitutional Convention of 
1869-70, also for several years thereafter held the 
office of State's Attorney for Fayette County. 
Later he returned to California, and, at the 
latest date, was a resident of Stockton, in that 
State. 

PORMAX, William S., ex-Congressman, was 
born at Natchez, Miss., Jan. 20, 1847. When he 
was four years old, his father's family removed to 
Illinois, settling in Washington County, where 
he has lived ever since. By profession he is a 
lawyer, and he takes a deep interest in politics, 
local. State and National. He represented his 
Senatorial District in the State Senate in the 
Thirty-fourth and Thirty-fifth General Assem- 
blies, and, in 1888, was elected, as a Democrat, to 
represent the Eighteenth IllinoLs District in the 
Fifty-first Congress, being re-elected in 1890, and 
again in '92, but was defeated in 1894 for renomi- 
nation by John J. Higgins, who was defeated at 
the election of the same year by Everett J. Mur- 



phy. In 1896 Mr. Forman was candidate of the 
"Gold Democracy" for Governor of Illinois, 
receiving 8, 100 votes. 

FORQUER, George, early State officer, was 
born near Brownsville, Pa., in 1791— was the son 
of a Revolutionary soldier, and older half-brother 
of Gov. Thomas Ford. He settled, with his 
mother (then a widow), at New Design, III., in 
1804. After learning, and, for several years, 
following the carpenter's trade at St. Louis, he 
returned to Illinois and purchased the tract 
whereon Waterloo now stands. Subsequently he 
projected the town of Bridgewater, on the Mis- 
sissippi. For a time he was a partner in trade of 
Daniel P. Cook. Being unsuccessful in business, 
he took up the study of law, in which he attained 
marked success. In 1824 he was elected to repre- 
sent Monroe County in the House of Represent- 
atives, but resigned in January of the following 
year to accept the position of Secretary of State, 
to which he was appointed by Governor Coles, 
as successor to Morris Birkbeck, whom the 
Senate had refused to confirm. One ground for 
the friendship between him and Coles, no doubt, 
was the fact that they had been united in their 
opposition to the scheme to make Illinois a slave 
State. In 1828 he was a candidate for Congress, 
but was defeated by Joseph Duncan, afterwards 
Governor. At the close of the year he resigned 
the office of Secretary of State, but, a few weeks 
later (January, 1829), he was elected by the 
Legislature Attorney-General. This position he 
held until January, 1833, when he resigned, hav- 
ing, as it appears, at the previous election, been 
chosen State Senator from Sangamon County, 
serving in the Eighth and Ninth General Assem- 
blies. Before the close of his term as Senator 
(1835), he received the appointment of Register 
of the Land Office at Springfield, which appears 
to have been the last office held by him, as he 
died, at Cincinnati, in 1837. Mr. Forquer was a 
man of recognized ability and influence, an elo- 
quent orator and capable writer, but, in common 
with some of the ablest lawyers of that time, 
seems to have been much embarrassed by the 
smallness of his income, in spite of his ability 
and the fact that he was almost continually in 
office. 

FORREST, a village in Livingston County, at 
the intersection of the Toledo, Peoria & Western 
and the Wabash Railways, 75 miles east of Peoria 
and 16 miles southeast of Pontiac. Considerable 
grain is shipped from this point to the Chicago 
market. The village has several churches and a 
gradedschooL Population (1880), 375; (1900), 952. 



170 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



FORREST, Joseph K. C, journalist, was bom 
in Cork, Ireland, Nov. 36, 1830 ; came to Chicago 
in 1840, soon after securing employment as a 
writer on "The Evening Journal," and, later on, 
"The Gem of the Prairies," the predecessor of 
"The Tribune," being associated with the latter 
at the date of its establishment, in June, 1847. 
During the early years of his residence in Chi- 
cago, Mr. Forre.st spent some time as a teacher. 
On retiring from "The Tribune," he became the 
associate of John Wentworth in the management 
of "The Chicago Democrat," a relation which 
was broken up by the consolidation of the latter 
with "The Tribune," in 1861. He then became 
the Springfield correspondent of "The Tribune," 
also holding a position on the staff of Governor 
Yates, and still later represented "The St. Louis 
Democrat" and "Chicago Times," as Washington 
correspondent; assisted in foirnding "The Chicago 
Republican" (now "Inter Ocean"), in 186.5, and, 
some years later, became a leading writer upon 
the same. He served one term as Clerk of the 
city of Chicago, but, in his later years, and up to 
the period of his death, was a leading contributor 
to the columns of "The Chicago Evening News" 
over the signatures of "An Old Timer" and "Now 
or Never." Died, in Chicago, June 33, 1896. 

FORRESTON, a village in Ogle County, the 
terminus of tlie Chicago and Iowa branch of the 
Chicago, Burlington & Quincy Railroad, and 
point of intersection of the Illinois Central and 
the Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul Railways; 107 
miles west by north from Chicago, and 13 miles 
south of Freeport ; founded in 1854, incorporated 
by special charter in 1868, and, under the general 
law, in 1888. Farming and stock-raising are the 
principal industries. The village has a bank, 
water-works, electric light plant, creamery, vil- 
lage hall, seven churches, a graded school, and a 
newspaper. Population (1890), 1,118; (1900), 1,047. 

FORSYTHE, Albert P., ex-Congressman, was 
born at New Richmond, Ohio, May 34, 1830; 
received his early education in the common 
schools, and at Asbury University. He was 
reared upon a farm and followed farming as his 
life-work. During the War of the Rebellion he 
served in the Union army as Lieutenant. In 
politics he early became an ardent Nationalist, 
and was chosen President of the Illinois State 
Grange of the Patrons of Industry, in December, 
1875, and again in January, 1878. In 1878 he was 
elected to Congress as a Nationalist, but, in 1880, 
though receiving the nominations of the com- 
bined Republican and Greenback parties, was 
defeated by Samuel W. Moulton, Democrat. 



FORT, Greenbnry L., soldier and Congress- 
man, was born in Ohio, Oct. 17, 1835, and, in 1834, 
removed with his parents to Illinois. In 1850 he 
was elected Sheriff of Putnam County ; in 1853, 
Clerk of the Circuit Court, and, having mean- 
while been admitted to the bar at Lacon, became 
County Judge in 1857, serving until 1861. In 
April of the latter year he enlisted under the first 
call for troops, by re-enlistments serving till 
March 24, 1866, Beginning as Quartermaster of 
his regiment, he served as Chief Quartermaster of 
the Fifteenth Army Corps on the "March to the 
Sea," and was mustered out with the rank of 
Colonel and Brevet Brigadier-General. On his 
return from the field, he was elected to the State 
Senate, serving in the Twenty-fifth and Twenty- 
sixth General Assemblies, and, from 1873 to 1881, 
as Representative in Congi-ess. He died, at 
Lacon, June 13, 1883. 

FORT CHARTRES, a strong fortification 
erected by the French in 1718, on the American 
Bottom, 16 miles northwest from Kaskaskia. 
The soil on wliich it stood was alluvial, and the 
limestone of which its walls were built was 
quarried from an adjacent bluff. In form it was 
an irregular quadrangle, surrounded on three 
sides by a wall two feet two inches thick, and on 
the fourtli by a ravine, which, during the spring- 
time, was full of water. During the period of 
French ascendency in Illinois, Fort Chartres was 
the seat of government. About four miles east 
soon sprang up the village of Prairie du Rocher 
(or Rock Prairie). (See Prairie du Rocher.) At 
the outbreak of the French and Indian War 
(1756), the original fortification was repaired and 
virtually rebuilt. Its cost at that time is esti- 
mated to have amounted to 1,000,000 French 
crowns. After the occupation of Illinois by the 
British, Fort Chartres still remained the seat of 
government until 1773, when one side of the 
fortification was washed away by a freshet, and 
headquarters were transferred to Kaskaskia. 
The first common law court ever held in the Mis- 
sissippi Valley was established here, in 1768, by 
the order of Colonel Wilkins of the English 
army. The ruins of the old fort, situated in the 
northwest corner of Randolph Count}', once con- 
stituted an object of no little interest to anti- 
quarians, but the site has disappeared during the 
past generation by the encroachments of the 
Mississippi. 

FORT DE.VRBORN, the name of a United 
States military post, established at the mouth of 
the Chicago River in 1803 or 1804, on a tract of 
land six miles square conveyed by the Indians in 




KAIM.V IllSrnllir SCK.VKS, ClllCACO. 




KAKLV IllSTtiKIC SCENES. CHICAGO. 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



171 



the treaty of Greenville, concluded by General 
Wayne in 1795. It originally consisted of two 
block houses located at opposite angles (north- 
west and southea-st) of a strong wooden stockade, 
with the UoniniaiiJant's (juarters on the east side 
of the quadrangle, soldiers' barracks on the south, 
officers' barracks on the west, and magazine, 
contractor's (sutler's) store and general store- 
house on the north — all the buildings being con- 
structed of logs, and all, e.xcept the block-houses, 
being entirely within the enclosure. Its arma- 
ment consisted of three light pieces of artillery. 
Its builder and first commander was Capt. Joliii 
Whistler, a native of Ireland who had surrendered 
with Burgoyne, at Saratoga,, N. Y., and who 
subsequently became an .\merican citizen, and 
ser\-ed with distinction througliout the War of 
1812. He was succeeded, in 1810, by Capt. 
Nathan Heald. As early as 1806 the Indians 
around the fort manifested signs of disquietude, 
Tecumseh, a few years later, lieading an open 
armed revolt. In 1810 a council of Pottawato- 
mies, Ottawas and Chippewas was held at St. 
Joseph, Mich., at which it was decided not to 
join the confederacy proposed by Chief Tecumseh. 
In 1811 hostilities were precipitated by an attack 
upon the United States troops under Gen. 
William Henry Harrison at Tippecanoe. In 
April, 1812, hostile bands of Winnebagos appeared 
in the vicinity of Fort Dearborn, terrifying the 
settlers by their atrocities. Many of the whites 
sought refuge within the stockade. AVithin two 
months after the declaration of war against 
England, in 1812, orders were issued for the 
evacuation of Fort Dearborn and the transfer of 
the garrison to Detroit. The garrison at that 
time numbered about TO, including officers, a 
large number of the troops being ill. Almost 
simultaneously with the order for evacuation 
appeared bands of Indians clamoring for a dis- 
tribution of the goods, to which they claimed 
they were entitled under treaty stipulations. 
Knowing that he had but about forty men able 
to fight and that his march would be .sadly 
hindered by the care of about a dozen women and 
twenty children, the commandant hesitated. 
The Pottawatomies, through whose country he 
would have to pass, had always been friendly, and 
he waited. Within si.x days a force of ."iOO or 600 
savage warriors had assembled around the fort. 
Among the leaders were the Pottawatomie chiefs. 
Black Partridge, Winnemeg and Topenebe. Of 
these, Winnemeg was friendlj-. It was he who 
had brought General Hull's orders to evacuate. 
and, as the crisis grew more and more dangerous. 



he offei-ed sound advice. He urged instantaneous 
departure before the Indians liad time to agree 
upon a line of action. But Captain Heald 
decided to distribute the stores among the sav- 
ages, and thereby secure from them a friendly 
escort to Fort Wayne. To this the aborigines 
readily assented, believing that thereby all the 
whisky and ammunition whicli they knew to be 
within the enclosure, would fall into their hands. 
Meanwhile Capt. William Wells, Indian Agent at 
Fort Wayne, had arrived at Fort Dearborn with 
a friendly force of Miamis to act as an escort. 
He convinced Captain Heald that it would be the 
height of folly to give the Indians liquor and gun- 
powder. Accordingly the commandant emptied 
the former into the lake and destroyed the latter. 
This was the signal for war. Black Partridge 
claimed he could no longer restrain his young 
braves, and at a council of the aborigines it was 
resolved to massacre the garrison and settlers. 
On the fifteenth of August the gates of the fort 
were opened and the evacuation began. A band 
of Pottawatomies accompanied the whites under 
the guise of a friendly escort. They .soon deserted 
and, within a mile and a half from the fort, 
began the sickening scene of carnage known as 
the "Fort Dearborn Massacre." Nearly 500 
Indians participated, their loss being less than 
twenty. The Miami escort fled at the first 
exchange of shots. With but four exceptions 
tlie wounded white prisoners were dispatched 
with s;ivage ferocity and promptitude. Those 
not wounded were scattered among various tribes. 
The next day the fort with its stockade was 
burned. In 1816 (after the treaty of St. Louis) 
the fort was rebuilt upon a more elaborate scale. 
The second Fort Dearborn contained, besides bar- 
racks and officers' quarters, a magazine and 
provision-store, was enclosed by a square stock- 
ade, and protected by bastions at two of its 
angles. It was again evacuated in 1823 and 
re-garrisoned in 1828. The troops were once 
more withdrawn in 1831, to return the following 
year during the Black Hawk War. The final 
evacuation occurred in 1836. 

FORT <;.\(iE, situated on the e;istern bluffs of 
the Kaskaskia River, opposite the village of Kas- 
kaskia. It was erected and occupied by the 
British in 1772. It was built of heavy, square 
timbers and oblong in shape, its dimensions being 
290x251 feet. On the night of July 4, 1778, it was 
captured by a detachment of American troops 
commanded by Col. George Rogers Clark, whc? 
held a commission from Virginia. The soldiers, 
with Simon Kenton at their head, were secretly 



172 



HISTOEICxVL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



admitted to the fort by a Pennsylvanian who 
happened to be within, and the commandant, 
Rocheblave, was surprised in bed, while sleeping 
with his wife by his side. 

FOKT JEFFERSON. I. A fort erected by Col. 
George Rogers Clark, under instructions from 
tlie Governor of Virginia, at the Iron Banks on 
the east bank of the Mississippi, below the mouth 
of the Ohio River. He promised lands to all 
adult, able-bodied white males who would emi- 
grate thither and settle, either with or without 
their families. Many accepted the offer, and 
a considerable colony was established there. 
Toward the close of the Revolutionary War, Vir- 
ginia being unable longer to sustain the garrison, 
the colony was scattered, many families going to 
Kaskaskia. II. A fort in the Miami valley, 
erected by Governor St. Clair and General Butler, 
in October, 1791. Within thirty miles of the 
post St. Clair's army, which had been badly 
weakened through desertions, was cut to pieces 
by the enemy, and the fortification was aban- 
doned. 

FORT MASSAC, an early French fortification, 
erected about 1711 on the Ohio River, 40 miles 
from its mouth, in what is now Massac County. 
It was the first fortification (except Fort St. 
Louis) in the "Illinois Country," antedating 
Fort Chartres by several years. The origin of 
the name is uncertain. The best authorities are 
of the opinion that it was so called in honor of 
the engineer who superintended its construction ; 
by others it has been traced to tlie name of the 
French Minister of Marine ; others assert that it 
is a corruption of the word "Massacre," a name 
given to the locality because of the massacre 
there of a large number of French soldiers by the 
Indians. The Virginians sometimes spoke of it 
as the "Cherokee fort."' It was garrisoned by 
the French until after the evacuation of the 
country under the terms of the Treaty of Paris. 
It later became a sort of depot for American 
settlers, a few families constantly residing within 
and around the fortification. At a very early 
day a military road was laid out from the fort to 
Kaskaskia, the trees alongside being utilized as 
milestones, the nunaber of miles being cut witli 
irons and painted red. After the close of the 
Revolutionary War, the United States Govern- 
ment strengthened and garrisoned the fort by 
way of defense against inroads by the Spaniards. 
AVith the cession of Louisiana to the United 
States, in 1803, the fort was evacuated and never 
re-garrisoned. According to the "American 
State Papers," during the period of the French 



occupation, it was both a Jesuit missionary 
station and a trading post. 

FORT SACKYILLE, a British fortification, 
erected in 17G9, on the Wabash River a short 
distance below Vincennes. It was a stockade, 
with bastions and a few pieces of cannon. In 
1778 it fell into the hands of the Americans, and 
was for a time commanded by Captain Helm, 
with a garrison of a few Americans and Illinois 
French. In December, 1778, Helm and one 
private alone occupied the fort and surrendered 
to Hamilton, British Governor of Detroit, who 
led a force into the country around Vincennes. 

FORT SHERIUAX, United States Military 
Post, in Lake County, on the Milwaukee Division 
of the Chicago & Northwestern Railway, 24 miles 
north of Chicago. (Highwood village adjacent 
onthesouth.) Population (1890), 4.51; (1900), l,."i75. 

FORT ST. LOUIS, a French fortification on a 
rock (widely known as "Starved Rock"), which 
consists of an isolated cliff on the south side of 
the Illinois River nearly opposite Utica, in La 
Salle County. Its height is between 130 and 140 
feet, and its nearly round summit contains an 
area of about three-fourths of an acre. The side 
facing the river is nearly perpendicular and, in 
natural advantages, it is well-nigh impregnable. 
Here, in the fall of 1682, La Salle and Tonty 
began the erection of a fort, consisting of earth- 
works, palisades, store-houses and a block house, 
which also served as a dwelling and trading post. 
A windlass drew water from the river, and two 
small brass cannon, mounted on a jjarapet. com- 
prised the armament. It was solemnlj- dedicated 
by Father Membre, and soon became a gathering 
place for the surrounding tribes, especially the 
IlUnois. But Frontenac having been succeeded 
as Governor of New France by De la Barre, who 
was unfriendly to La Salle, the latter was dis- 
placed as Commandant at Fort St. Louis, while 
plots were laid to seciure his downfall by cutting 
off his supplies and inciting the Iroquois to attack 
him. La Salle left the fort in 1683, to return to 
France, and, in 1703, it was abandoned as a 
military post, though it continued to be a trad- 
ing post until 1718, when it was raided by the 
Indians and burned. (See La Salle. ) 

FORT WAY>E & CHICAGO RAILROAD. 
(See Pittsburg, Fort Wayne & Chicago Railway.) 

FORT WAYXE & ILLINOIS RAILROAD. (See 
New York. Chicago <& St. Louis Railway.) 

FORTIFICATIONS, PREHISTORIC. Closely 
related in interest to the works of the mound- 
builders in Illinois — though, probably, owing their 
origin to another era and an entirely different 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



173 



race — are tliose works wliich bear evidence of 
having been constructed for purposes of defense 
at some period anterior to the arrival of white 
men in the country. While tliere are no works 
in Illinois so elaborate in construction as those to 
which have been given the names of "Fort 
Ancient" on the Maumee in Ohio, "Fort Azatlan" 
on the Wabash in Indiana, and "Fort Aztalan" 
on Rock River in Southern Wisconsin, tliere are 
a number whose form of construction shows that 
they must liave been intended for warlike pur- 
poses, and that they were formidable of their 
kind and for the period in which they were con- 
structed. It is a somewhat curious fact that, 
while La Salle County is the seat of the first 
fortification constructed by the French in Illinois 
that can be siiid to have had a sort of permanent 
character ( see Fort St. Louis and Starved Rock), 
it is also the site of a larger number of prehistoric 
fortifications, whose remains are in such a state 
of preservation as to be clearly discernible, than 
any other section of the State of equal area. One 
of the most formidable of these fortifications is 
on the east side of Fox River, opposite the mouth 
of Indian Creek and some six miles northeast of 
Ottawa. This occupies a position of decided 
natural strength, and is surrounded by three lines 
of circumvallation. showing evidence of consider- 
able engineering skill. From the size of the trees 
within this work and other evidences, its age has 
been estimated at not less than 1,200 j-ears. On 
the present site of the town of Marseilles, at the 
rapids of the Illinois, seven miles east of Ottawa, 
another work of considerable strength existed. 
It is also said that the American Fur Company 
had an earthwork here for the protection of its 
trading station, erected about 1816 or "18, and 
consequently belonging to the present century. 
Besides Fort St. Louis on Starved Rock, the out- 
line of another fort, or outwork, whose era has 
not been positively determined, about half a mile 
south of the former, has been traced in recent 
times. De Baugis, sent by Governor La Barre, of 
Canada, to succeed Tonty at Fort St. Louis, is said 
to have erected a fort on Buffalo Rock, on the 
opposite side of the river from Fort St. Louis, 
which belonged practically to the same era as the 
latter. — There are two points in Southern Illinois 
where the alwrigines had constructed fortifica- 
tions to which the name "Stone Fort" has been 
given. One of these is a hill overlooking the 
Saline River in the southern part of Saline 
County, where there is a wall or breastwork five 
feet in height enclosing an area of less than an 
acre in extent. The other is on the west side of 



Lusk's Creek, in Pope County, wliere a breast- 
work has been constructed by loosely piling up 
the stones across a ridge, or tongue of land, with 
vertical sides and surrounded by a bend of tlie 
creek. Water is easily obtainable from the creek 
below the fortified ridge. — The remains of an old 
Indian fortification were found by early .settlers 
of McLean County, at a point called "Old Town 
Timber," about 1823 to 1835. It was believed 
then that it had been occupied by the Indians 
during the War of 1812. The story of the Indians 
was, that it was burned by General Ilarrison in 
1812; though this is improbable in view of the 
absence of any historical mention of the fact. 
Judge H. W. Beckwith, who examined its site in 
1880, is of the opinion that its history goes back 
as far as 17.52, and that it was erected by the 
Indians as a defense against the French at Kas- 
kaskia. There was also a tradition that there 
had been a French mission at this point. — One of 
the most interesting stories of early fortifications 
in the State, is that of Dr. V. A. Boyer, an old 
citizen of Chicago, in a paper contributed to the 
Chicago Historical Society. Although the work 
alluded to by him was evidently constructed after 
the arrival of the French in the country, the 
exact period to which it belongs is in doubt. 
According to Dr. Boyer, it was on an elevated 
ridge of timber land in Palos Township, in the 
western part of Cook County. He says: "I first 
saw it in 1833, and since then have visited it in 
company with other 'per.sons, some of whom are 
still living. I feel sure that it was not built dur- 
ing the Sac War from its appearance. ... It 
seems probable that it was the work of French 
traders or explorers, as there were trees a century 
old growing in its environs. It was evidently 
the work of an enlightened people, skilled in the 
science of warfare. ... As a strategic point it 
most completely commanded the surrounding 
country and tlie crossing of the swamp or 'Sag'." 
Is it improbable that this was the fort occupied 
by Colonel Durantye in 1G95? The remains of a 
small fort, supposed to have been a French trad- 
ing post, were found by the pioneer settlers of 
Lake County, where the pre.'ient city of Waukegan 
stands, giving to that place its first name of 
"Little Fort." This structure was seen in 1825 
bj' Col. William S. Hamilton (a son of Alexander 
Hamilton, first Secretary of the Treasury), who 
liad served in the session of the General Assembly 
of that year as a Representative from Sangamon 
County, and was then on his way to Green Bay, 
and the remains of the pickets or palisades were 
visible as late as 1835. While the date of its 



174 



HISTOEICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



erection is unknown, it probably belonged to the 
latter part of the eighteenth century. There is 
also a tradition that a fort or trading post, erected 
by a Frenchman named Garay (or Guarie) stood 
on the North Branch of the Chicago River prior 
to the erection of the first Fort Dearborn in 1803. 

FOSS, Georjre Edmund, lawyer and Congress- 
man, was born in Franklin County, Vt., July 2, 
1863; graduated from Harvard University, in 
1885; attended the Columbia Law School and 
School of Political Science in New York City, 
finally graduating from the Union College of Law 
in Chicago, in 1889, when he was admitted to the 
bar and began practice. He never held any 
political office until elected as a Republican to 
the Fifty-fourth Congress (1894), from the 
Seventh Illinois District, receiving a majority of 
more than 8,000 votes over his Democratic and 
Populist competitors. In 1896 he was again the 
candidate of his party, and was re-elected by a 
majority of over 20,000, as he was a third time, 
in 1898, by more than 12,000 majority. In the 
Fifty-fifth Congress Mr. Foss was a member of the 
Committees on Naval Affairs and Expenditures in 
the Department of Agriculture. 

FOSTER, (Dr.) John Herbert, physician and 
educator, was born of Quaker ancestry at Hills- 
borough, N. H., March 8, 1796. His early years 
were spent on his father's farm, but at the age 
of 16 he entered an acadeni}' at Meriden, N. H., 
and, three years later, began teaching with an 
older brother at Schoharie, N. Y. Having .spent 
some sixteen years teaching and practicing 
medicine at various places in his native State, in 
1832 he came west, first locating in Morgan 
County, 111. While there he took part in the 
Black Hawk War, serving as a Surgeon. Before 
the close of the year he was compelled to come to 
Chicago to look after the estate of a brother who 
was an officer in the army and had been killed by 
an insubordinate soldier at Green Baj'. Having 
thus fallen heir to a considerable amount of real 
estate, which, in subsequent years, largely 
appreciated in value, he became identified with 
early Chicago and ultimately one of the largest 
real-estate o\\Tiers of his time in the city. He 
was an active promoter of education during this 
period, serving on both City and State Boards. 
His death occurred. May 18, 18T4, in consequence 
of injuries sustained by being thrown from a 
vehicle in whicli he was riding nine days previous. 

FOSTER, John Wells, author and scientist, 
was born at Brimfield, Mass., in 1815, and edu- 
cated at Wesleyan University, Conn ; later studied 
law and was admitted to the bar in Ohio, but 



soon turned his attention to scientific pursuits, 
being employed for several years in the geological 
survey of Ohio, during which he investigated the 
coal-beds of the State. Having incidentally 
devoted considerable attention to the study of 
metallurgy, he was employed about 1844 by 
mining capitalists to make the first systematic 
survey of the Lake Superior copper region, upon 
which, in conjunction with J. D. Whitney, he 
made a report which was published in two vol- 
umes in 1850-51. Returning to Slassachusetts, he 
participated in the organization of the "American 
Party" there, though we find him soon after 
breaking with it on the slavery question. In 
1855 he was a candidate for Congress in the 
Springfield (Mass.) District, but was beaten by a 
small majority. In 1858 he removed to Chicago 
and, for some time, was Land Commissioner of 
the Illinois Central Railroad. The latter years of 
his life were devoted chiefly to arcliEeological 
researches and writings, also serving for some 
years as Professor of Natural History in the (old) 
Universitj" of Chicago. His works include "The 
Mississippi Valley ; its Physical Geography, Min- 
eral Resources," etc. (Chicago, 1869) ; "Mineral 
Wealth and Railroad Development," (New York, 
1872) ; "Prehistoric Races of the United States," 
(Chicago, 1873), be.sides contributions to numer- 
ous scientific periodicals. He was a member of 
several scientific associations and, in 1869, Presi- 
dent of the American Association for the Ad- 
vancement of Science. He died in Hyde Park, 
now a part of Cliicago, June 29, 1873. 

FOUKE, Philip B., lawyer and Congressman, 
was born at Kaskaskia, 111., Jan. 23, 1818; was 
chiefly self-educated and began his career as a 
clerk, afterwards acting as a civil engineer; about 
1841-42 was associated with the publication of 
"The Belleville Advocate," later studied law. 
and, after being admitted to the bar, served as 
Prosecuting Attorney, being re-elected to that 
oflice in 1856. Previous to this, however, he had 
been elected to the lower branch of the Seven- 
teenth General Assembly (18.50), and, in 1858, 
was elected as a Democrat to the Thirty-sixth 
Congress and re-elected two years later. While 
still in Congress he assisted in organizing the 
Thirtieth Regiment Illinois Volunteers, of which 
he was commissioned Colonel, but resigned on 
account of ill- health soon after the battle of Shiloh. 
After leaving the army he removed to New 
Orleans, where he was appointed Public Adminis- 
trator and practiced law for some time. He then 
took up the prosecution of the cotton-claims 
against the Mexican Government, in which he 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



175 



was engaged some seven years, finally removing 
to Washington City and making several trips to 
Europe in the interest of these suits. He won 
his cases, but died soon after a decision in his 
favor, largely in consequence of overtaxing his 
brain in their prosecution. His death occurred 
in Washington, Oct. S, 1876, when he was buried 
in the Congres-sional CVnietery, President (irant 
and a nuniljer of Senators and Congressmen acting 
as pall-bearers at his funeral. 

FOWLER, Charles Henry, Methodist Episcopal 
Bishop, born in Burford, Conn., August 11, 1S37; 
was partially educated at Rock River Seminary, 
Mount Jlorris, finally graduating at Genesee 
College. X. Y.. in 1859. He then began the study 
of law in Chicago, but, changing his purpose, 
entered Garrett Biblical Institute, at lOvaiiston, 
graduating in IStil. Having been ailmitted to 
the Rock Kiver Methodist Episcopal Conference 
he wasapjwinted successively to Chicago churclies 
till 1872 ; then became President of the North- 
western University, holding this office four years, 
when he was elected to the editorship of "Tlie 
Christian Advocate" of New York. In 1884 he 
was elected and ordained Bishop. His residence 
is in San Francisco, his labors as Bishop being 
devoted largely to tlie Pacific States. 

FOX RIVER (of Illinois)— called Pishtaka by 
the Indians — ri.ses in Waukesha County, Wis., 
and, after running southward through Kenoslia 
and Racine Counties in that State, passes into 
Illinois. It intersects McHenry and Kane Coun- 
ties and runs southward to the city of Aurora, 
below which pt)int it flows southwestward, until 
it empties into the Illinois River at Ottawa. Its 
length is estimated at 220 miles. The chief 
towns on its banks are Elgin. Aurora and Ottawa. 
It affords abundant water power. 

FOXES, an Indian tribe. (See Sacs and 
Foxes. ) 

FRANCIS, Simeon, pioneer journalist, was 
born at Wetliersfield, Conn., May 14, 1796, 
learned the printer's traile at New Haven, and. in 
connection with a partner, published a paper at 
Buffalo, N. Y'. In consequence of the excitement 
growing out of the abduction of Morgan in 1828, 
(l)eing a Mason) he was compelled to susjjend, 
and, coming to Illinois in the fall of 1831. com- 
menced the publication of "The Sangamo" (now 
"The Illinois State") "Jovirnal" at Springfield, 
continuing his connection therewith until 1855, 
when he sold out to Messrs. BaiUiache & Baker. 
Abraham Lincoln was his close friend and often 
wrote editorials for his pajier. Mr. Francis was 
active in the organization of the State Agricul- 



tural Society (1853), serving as its Recording 
Secretary for several years. In 1859 he moved to 
Portland, Ore., where he published "The Oregon 
Farmer," and served as President of the Oregon 
State Agricultural Society; in 1861 was ap- 
pointed by President Lincoln, Paymaster in the 
regular army, serving until 1870, when he retired 
on half-i)ay. Died, at Portland. Ore., Oct. 25, 
1872. — Allen (Francis), brother of the preceding, 
was born at Wetliersfield, Conn., April 14, 1815; 
in 1834, joined his brother at Springfield, 111., and 
became a partner in the publication of "The 
Journal" until its sale, in 1855. In 1861 he was 
appointed United States Consul at Victoria, B. C, 
serving until 1871. when he engaged in the fur 
trade. Later he was United States Consul at 
Port Stanley, Can., dying there, about 1887. — 
Josiali (Francis), cousin of the preceding, born 
at WethovsfieUl, Conn., Jan. 17, 1804; was early 
connected with "The Springfield Journal"; in 
1836 engaged in merchandising at Athens, Menard 
County ; returning to Springfield, was elected to 
the Legislature in 1840, and served one term as 
Mayor of Springfield. Died in 1867. 

FRAXKLIX, a village of Morgan County, on 
the Jacksonville & ,St. Louis Railroad, 12 miles 
southeast of .Jacksonville. The place has a news- 
paper and two banks; the surrounding country 
is agricultural. Population (18S0), 316; (1890), 
578; (1900), 687. 

FRANKLIN COUNTY, located in the south- 
central part of the State; was organized in 1818, 
and has an area of 430 square miles. Population 
(1900). 19.675. The county is well timbered and 
is drained by the Big Muddy River. The soil is 
fertile and the products include cereals, potatoes, 
sorghum, wool, pork and fruit. The county-seat 
is Benton, with a population (1890) of 939. The 
county contains no large towns, although large, 
well-cultivated farms are numerous. The earli- 
est white settlers came from Kentucky and Ten- 
nessee, and the hereditarj' traditions of generous, 
southwestern hospitality are preserved among 
the residents of to day. 

FRANKLIN (;ROVE, a town of Lee County, on 
Council Bluffs Division of the Chicago & North- 
western Railway, 88 miles west of Chicago. 
Grain, poultry, and live-stock are shipped from 
here. It has banks, water-works, high school, 
and a weekly paper. Population (1890), 736; 
(1900), 681. 

FRA/IER, Robert, a native of Kentucky, who 
came to Southern Illinois at an early daj' and 
served as State Senator from Edwards County, in 
the Second and Third General Assemblies, in the 



176 



HISTORICAL EXCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLIXOIS. 



latter being an opponent of the scheme to make 
Illinois a slave State. He was a farmer by occu- 
pation and, at tlie time he was a member of the 
Legislature, resided in what afterwards became 
Wabash County. Subsequently he removed to 
Edwards County, near Albion, where he died. 
"Frazier's Prairie," in Edwards County, was 
named for him. 

FREEBURG, a village of St. Clair County, on 
the St. Louis, Alton & Terre Haute Railroad, 8 
miles southeast of Belleville. Population (1880), 
1,038; (1890), 848; (1900), 1,314. 

FREEMAN, Normaii L., lawyer and Supreme 
Court Reporter, was born in Caledonia, Living- 
ston County, N. Y., May 9, 1823; in 1831 accom- 
panied his widowed mother to Ann Arbor, Mich., 
removing six years afterward to Detroit ; was edu- 
cated at Cleveland and Ohio University, taught 
school at Lexington, Ky., while studying law, 
and was admitted to the bar in 1846 ; removed to 
Shawneetown, 111., in 18,51, was admitted to the 
Illinois bar and practiced some eight years. He 
then began farming in Marion County, Mo. , but, 
in 1862, returned to Shawneetown and, in 1863, 
was appointed Reporter of Decisions by the 
Supreme Court of Illinois, serving until his 
death, which occurred at Springfield near the 
beginning of his sixth term in ofKce, August 23, 
1894. 

FREE MASONS, the oldest secret fraternity in 
the State — known as the "Ancient Order of Free 
and Accepted Masons" — the first Lodge being 
instituted at Kaskaskia, June, 3, 1806, with Gen. 
John Edgar, Worshipful Master; Michael Jones, 
Senior Warden; James Galbraith, Junior War- 
den ; William Arundel, Secretary ; Robert Robin- 
son, Senior Deacon. These are names of persons 
who were, without exception, prominent in the 
early history of Illinois. A Grand Lodge was 
organized at Vandalia in 1823, with Gov. Shad- 
rach Bond as first Grand Master, but the organi- 
zation of the Grand Lodge, as it now exists, took 
place at Jacksonville in 1840. The number of 
Lodges constituting the Grand Lodge of Illinois 
in 1840 was six, with 157 members; the number 
of Lodges within the same jurisdiction in 1895 
was 713, with a membership of 50,727, of which 
47,335 resided in Illinois. The dues for 1895 
were $37,834.50; the contributions to members, 
their widows and orphans, 825,038.41; to non- 
Biembers, $6,306.38, and to the Illinois Masonic 
Orphans' Home, $1,315.80. — Apollo Commandery 
No. 1 of Kniglits Templar — the pioneer organi- 
zation of its kind in this or any neighboring 
State — was organized in Chicago, May 30, 1845, 



and the Grand Commandery of the order in Illi- 
nois in 1857, with James V. Z. Blaney, Grand 
Commander. In 1895 it was made up of sixty- 
five subordinate commanderies, with a total 
membership of 9,355, and dues amounting to 
§7,754.75. The principal officers in 1895-96 were 
Henry Hunter Montgomery, Grand Commander; 
John Henry Witbeck, Grand Treasurer, and Gil- 
bert W. Barnard, Grand Recorder. — The Spring- 
field Chapter of Roj-al Arch-Masons was organized 
in Springfield, Sept. 17, 1841, and the Royal Arch 
Chapter of the State at Jacksonville, April 9, 
1850, the nine existing Chapters being formally 
chartered Oct. 14, of the same year. The number 
of subordinate Chapters, in 1895, was 186, with a 
total membership of 16,414. — The Grand Council 
of Royal and Select Masters, in 1894, embraced 32 
subordinate Councils, with a membership of 
3,318. 

FREEPORT, a city and railway center, the 
county-seat of Stephenson County, 131 miles west 
of Chicago; has good water-power from the Peca- 
tonica River, with several manufacturing estab- 
lishments, the output including carriages, 
wagon-wheels, wind-mills, coffee-mills, organs, 
piano-.stooIs, leather, mineral paint, foundry pro- 
ducts, chicken incubators and vinegar. The Illi- 
nois Central Railroad has shops here and tlie city 
has a Government postoffice building. Popula- 
tion (1890), 10,189; (1900), 13,238. 

FREEPORT COLLEGE, an institution at Free- 
port, 111., incorporated in 1895; is co-educational ; 
had a faculty of six instructors in 1896, with 116 
pupils. 

FREER, Lemuel Covell Paine, early lawyer, 
was born in Dutchess County, N. Y., Sept. 18, 
1815; came to Chicago in 1836, .studied law and 
was admitted to the bar in 1840; was a zealous 
anti-slavery man and an active supporter of the 
Government during the War of the Rebellion; 
for many years was President of the Board of 
Trustees of Rush Medical College. Died, in 
Chicago, April 14, 1892. 

FRENCH, Augustus C, ninth Governor of 
Illinois (1846-.52), was born in New Hampshire, 
August 3, 1808. After coming to Illinois, he 
became a resident of Crawford County, and a 
lawyer by profession. He was a member of the 
Tenth and Eleventh General Assemblies, and 
Receiver, for a time, of the Land Office at Pales- 
tine. He served as Presidential Elector in 1844, 
was elected to the office of Governor as a Demo- 
crat in 1846 by a majority of nearly 17,000 over 
two competitors, and was the unanimous choice of 
his party for a second term in 1848. His adminis- 



IIISTOKJCAL KNCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



177 



tration was free from snandals. He was appointed 
Bank Commissioner by Governor Slatteson, and 
later accepted tlie chair of Law in McKendree 
College at Lebanon. In 1858 lie was the nominee 
of tlie Douglas wing of the Democratic party for 
State Superintendent of Public Instruction. 
ex-Gfov. John Rej-nolds being the candidate of 
the Buchanan branch of the partj*. Both were 
defeated. His last public service was as a mem- 
ber from St. Clair County of the Constitutional 
Convention of 1862. Died, at Lebanon, Sept. 4, 
1864. 

FRENCH AM) I>DI.V\ WAR. The first 
premonition of this struggle in the West was 
given in 1698, wlien two English vessels entered 
the mouth of the Jlississij)])!, to take possession 
of the French Territory of Louisiana, wliich tlien 
included what afterward became the State of 
Illinois. This expedition, however, returned 
without result. Great Britain was anxious to 
have a colorable pretext for attempting to evict 
the French, and began negotiation of treaties 
witli the Indian tribes as early as 1734, expecting 
thereby to fortify her original claim, which was 
based on the right of jjrior discovery. The 
numerous sliiftings of tlie political kaleidoscope in 
Europe prevented any further steps in this direc- 
tion on the part of England until 1748 49, when 
the Ohio Land Company received a royal grant 
of 500,000 acres along the Ohio River, vi-ith exclu- 
sive trading privileges. The Company proceeded 
to explore and survey and, about 1753, established 
a trading post on Loramie Creek, 47 miles north 
of Dayton. The French foresaw that hostilities 
were ])robable, and advanced their posts as far 
east as the Allegheny River. Complaints by the 
Ohio Company induced an ineffectu;il remon- 
strance on the part of Virginia. Among the 
araha.s.sadors sent to the Frencli by the Governor 
of Virginia was George Wasliington, who thus, 
in early manhood, became identilied with Illinois 
history. His report was of such a nature as to 
induce the erection of counter fortifications by 
the British, one of which (at tlie junction of the 
Allegheny and Monongahela Rivers) was seized 
and occupied by tlie French before its completion. 
Then ensued a series of engagements which, 
while not involving large forces of men, were 
fraught with grave consequences, and in which 
the French were generally successful. In 1755 
occurred "Braddock's defeat" in an expedition to 
recover Fort Duquesne (where Pittsburg now 
stands), which had been captured by the French 
the previous year, and the Government of Great 
Britain determined to redouble its efforts. The 



final result was the termination of French domi- 
nation in the Ohio Valley. Later came the down- 
fall of French ascendency in Canada as the result 
of the battle of Quebec; but the vanquished j-et 
lioped to be able to retain Louisiana and Illinois. 
But France was forced to indemnify Spain for the 
loss of Florida, which it did Vj}- the ce.ssion of all 
of Louisiana Ij-ing west of the Mississippi (includ- 
ing the city of New Orleans), and this virtually 
ended French hopes in Illinois. The last military 
post in North America to be garrisoned by French 
troops was Fort Chartres, in Illinois Territory, 
where St. Ange remained in command until its 
evacuation was demanded by the English. 

FRENCH OOVEKXORS OF ILLINOIS. French 
Governors began to be ap|)oiuted by the Company 
of the Indies (which see) in 1723, the "Illinois 
Country" having previously been treated as a 
dejiendency of Canada. The first Governor ( or 
"commandant") was Pierre Duque de Boisbriant, 
who was commandant for only three years, when 
lie was summoned to New Orleans (1725) to suc- 
ceed de Bienville as Governor of Louisiana. Capt. 
dii Tisne was in command for a short time after 
his departure, but was succeeded by another 
Captain in the royal army, whose name is vari- 
ously spelled de Liette, de Lielte, De Siette and 
Delietto. He was followed in turn by St. Ange 
(the father of St. Ange de Bellerive), who died in 
1743. In 1733 the Company of tlie Indies surren- 
dered its charter to the crown, and the Governors 
of the Illinois Country were thereafter appointed 
directly by royal authority. Under the earlier 
(lovernors justice had been administered under 
the civil law; with the change in the method of 
appointment the code known as the "Common 
Law of Paris" came into effect, although not 
rigidly enforced becau.se found in many particu- 
lars to be ill-suited to the needs of a new country. 
The first of the Royal Governors was Pierre 
d' Artaguiette, who was appointed in 1734, but was 
captured while engaged in an expedition against 
the Chickasaws, in 173C, and burned at the stake. 
(See D' Artaguiette.) He was followed bj' 
Alphonse de la Buissoniere, who was succeeded, 
in 1740, by Capt. Benoi.st de St. Claire. In 1743 
he gave way to the Chevalier Bertel or Berthet, 
but was reinstated about 1748. The last of the 
French Governors of the "Illinois Country" was 
Louis St. Ange de Bellerive, who retired to St. 
Louis, after turning over the command to Cap- 
tain Stirling, the English officer .sent to supersede 
him, in 1765. (St. Ange de Bellerive died, Dec. 
27, 1774.) The administration of the French 
commandants, while firm, was usually conserva- 



178 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



tive and benevolent. Local self-government was 
encouraged as far as practicable, and, while the 
Governors' power over commerce was virtually 
unrestricted, they interfered but little with the 
ordinary life of the people. 

FREW, Calvin Hamill, lawyer and State Sena- 
tor, was born in Cleveland, Ohio, educated at 
Finley (Ohio) High School, Beaver (Pa.) Academy 
and Vermilion Institute at Hayesville, Ohio. ; in 
1863 was Principal of the High School at Kalida, 
Ohio, where he began the study of law, which he 
continued the next two years with Messrs. Strain 
& Kidder, at Monmouth, 111., meanwhile acting 
as Principal of a high school at Young America ; 
in 1805 removed to Paxton, Ford Count}', which 
has since been his home, and the same year was 
admitted to the bar by the Supreme Court of Illi- 
nois. Mr. Frew served as Assistant Superintend- 
ent of Schools for Ford County (18G.J-G8) ; in 1868 
was elected Representative in the Twenty-sixth 
General Assembly, re-elected in 1870, and again 
in '78. While practicing law he has been con- 
nected with some of the most important cases 
before the courts in that section of the State, and 
his fidelity and skill in their management are 
testified by members of the bar, as well as 
Judges upon the bench. Of late years he has 
devoted his attention to breeding trotting hor-ses, 
with a view to the improvement of his health 
but not with the intention of permanently 
abandoning his profession. 

FR¥, Jacob, pioneer and soldier, was born in 
Fayette County, Ky., Sept. 20, 1799; learned the 
trade of a carpenter and came to Illinois in 1819, 
working first at Alton, but, in 1820, took up his 
residence near the present town of Carrollton, in 
which he built the first house. Greene County 
was not organized until two years later, and this 
border settlement was, at that time, the extreme 
northern white settlement in Illinois. He served 
as Constable and Deputy Sheriff (simultaneously) 
for six years, and was then elected Sheriff, being 
five times re-elected. He served through the 
Black Hawk War (first as Lieutenant-Colonel and 
afterwards as Colonel), having in his regiment 
Abraham Lincoln, O. H. Browning, John Wood 
(afterwards Governor) and Robert Anderson, of 
Fort Sumter fame. In 1837 he was appointed 
Commissioner of the Illinois & Michigan Canal, 
and re-appointed in 1839 and '41, later becoming 
Acting Commissioner, with authority to settle up 
the business of the former commission, which 
was that year legislated out of office. He was 
afterwards appointed Canal Trustee by Governor 
Ford, and, in 1847, retired from connection with 



canal management. In 1850 he went to Cali- 
fornia, where he engaged in mining and trade 
for three years, meanwhile serving one term in 
the State Senate. In 1857 he was appointed Col- 
lector of the Port at Chicago by President Buch- 
anan, but was removed in 1859 because of his 
friendship for Senator Douglas. In 1860 he 
returned to Greene County ; in 1861, in spite of his 
advanced age, was commissioned Colonel of the 
Sixty-first Illinois Volunteers, and later partici- 
pated in numerous engagements (among them the 
battle of Shiloh), was captured by Forrest, and 
ultimately compelled to resign because of im- 
paired health and failing eyesight, finally becom- 
ing totally blind. He died, June 27, 1881, and 
was buried in Oak Ridge Cemetery, near .Spring- 
field. Two of Colonel Fry's sons achieved dis- 
tinction during the Civil War. — James Barnet 
(Fry), son of the preceding, was born at Car- 
rollton, 111., Feb. 22, 1827; graduated at West 
Point Military Academy, in 1847, and was 
assigned to artillery service ; after a short experi- 
ence as Assistant Instructor, joined his regiment, 
the Third United States Artillerj', in Mexico, 
remaining there through 1847-48. Later, he was 
employed on frontier and garrison duty, and 
again as Instructor in 1853-54, and as Adjutant of 
the Academy during 1854-59; became Assistant 
Adjutant-General, March 16, 1861, then served as 
Chief of Staff to General McDowell and General 
Buell (1861-62), taking part in the battles of Bull 
Run, Shiloh and Corinth, and in the campaign in 
Kentucky ; was made Provost-Marshal-Oeneral 
of the United States, in March, 1863, and con- 
ducted the drafts of that year, receiving the rank 
of Brigadier-General, April 21, 1864. He con- 
tinued in this office until August 30, 1866, during 
which time he put in the army 1,120,621 men, 
arrested 76,.563 de-serters, collected .526,366,316.78 
and made an exact enrollment of the National 
forces. After the war he served as Adjutant- 
General with the rank of Colonel, till June 1, 
1881, when he was retired at his own request. 
Besides his various official reports, he published a 
"Sketch of the Adjutant-General's Department, 
United States Army, from 1775 to 1875," and "His- 
tory and Legal Effects of Brevets in the Armies of 
Great Britain and the United States, from their 
origin in 1692 to the Present Time," (1877). Died, 
in Newport, R. I., July 11, 1894.— WiUiam M. 
(Fry), another son, was Provost Marshal of the 
North Illinois District during the Civil War, and 
rendered valuable service to the Government. 

FULLER, Allen Curtis, lawyer, jurist and 
Adjutant-General, was born in Farmington, 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



179 



Conn., Sept. 24, 1832; studied law at Warsaw, 
N. Y., was admitted to practice, in 1846 came to 
Belvidere, Boone County, 111., and, after practic- 
ing there some years, was elected Circuit Judj^e 
in 1801. A few months afterward lie was induceii 
to accept the office of Adjutant-Ceneral by 
appointment of Governor Yates, entering upon 
the duties of the office in November, 1801. At 
first it was understood that his acceptance w;is 
onl}' temporary, so that he did not formally 
resign his place upon the bench until July, 1802. 
He continued to discharge the duties of Adjutant- 
General until January, 1805, when, having been 
elected Eejiresentative in the General Assembly, 
he was succeeded in the AdjutantGenerarsoflice 
bj- General Isliam N. Ilaynie. He served as 
Speaker of the House during the following ses- 
sion, and as State Senator from 1867 to 1873 — 
in the Twentj-fifth, Twentj- -sixth and Twenty- 
seventh General A.ssemblies. He was also elected 
a Republican Presidential Elector in 1860, and 
again in 1876. Since retiring from office, General 
Fuller has devoted his attention to the practice of 
his profession and looking after a large private 
business at Belvidere. 

FULLER, Charles E., lawyer and legislator. 
was born at Flora, Boone County, 111., March 31, 
1849 ; attended the district school until 13 years 
of age, and, between 1861 and '67, served as clerk 
in stores at Belvidere and Cherry Valley. He 
then spent a couple of years in the book business 
in Iowa, when i,lS(!<)) he began the study of law 
with Hon. Jesse S. Ilildrup, at Belvidere, and 
was admitted to the bar in 1870. Since then 
Mr. Fuller has practiced his profession at Belvi- 
dere. was Corporation Attorney for that city in 
1875-76, tlie latter year being elected State's 
Attorney for Boone County. From 1879 to 1891 
he served continuously in the Legislature, first 
as State Senator in the Thirty-first and Thirty- 
second General As.semblies, then as a member of 
the Hou.se for tliree .sessions, in 1888 being 
returned to the Senate, where he served the 
next two sessions. Mr. Fuller established a high 
reputation in the Legislature as a debater, and 
was the candidate of his party (the Republican) 
for Speaker of the House in 1885. He was also a 
delegate to the Republican National Convention 
of 1884. Mr. Fuller was elected Judge of the 
Circuit Court for the Seventeenth Circuit at the 
judicial election of June, 1897. 

FULLER, Melville Weston, eighth Cliief Jus- 
tice of the United States Supreme Court, was 
born at Augusta. Maine, Feb. 11, 1833, graduated 
from Bowdoin College in 1853, was admitted to 



the bar in 1855, and became City Attorney of his 
native city, but resigned and removed to Chicago 
the following year. Through his mother's 
family he traces his descent back to the Pilgrims 
of the Mayflower. His literary and legal attain- 
ments are of a high order. In politics he has 
always been a strong Democrat. He served as a 
Delegate to the Constitutional Convention of 
1862 and as a member of the Legislature in 1863, 
after that time devoting his attention to the 
practice of his profession in Chicago. In 1888 
President Cleveland appointed him Chief Justice 
of the .Supreme Court, since which time he has 
resided at Washington, although still claiming a 
residence in Chicago, where he has considerable 
property interests. 

FULLERTON, Alexander N., pioneer settler 
and lawyer, born in Chester, Vt., in 1804, was 
educated at Middlebury College and Litchfield 
Law School, and, coming to Chicago in 1833, 
finally engaged in real-estate and mercantile 
business, in which he was very successful. His 
name has been given to one of the avenues of 
Chicago, as well as associated with one of the 
prominent business blocks. He was one of the 
original members of the Second Presbyterian 
Church of that city. Died, Sept. 29, 1880. 

FULTON, a city and railway center in White- 
side County, 135 miles west of Chicago, located 
on the Mississippi River and the Chicago & 
Northwestern, the Chicago, Burlington & 
Quincy, and the Chicago, Milwaukee & ,St. Paul 
Railways. It was formerly the terminus of a 
line of .steamers which annually brought millions 
of bushels of grain down the Mis.sissippi from 
Minnesota, Wi.soonsin and Illinois, returning 
with merchandise, agricultural implements, etc., 
but this river trade gradually died out, having 
been usurped by the various railroads. Fulton 
has extensive factories for the making of stoves, 
besides some important lumber industries. The 
Northern Illinois College is located here. Popu- 
lation (1890), 2,099; (1900), 2.68.5. 

FULTOX COUNTY, situated west of and bor- 
dering on the Illinois River; was originally a part 
of Pike County, but separately organized in 1823 
— named for Robert Fulton. It has an area of 870 
sijuare miles with a population (1900) of 46.301. 
The soil is rich, well watered and wooded. Drain- 
age is effected by the Illinois and Spoon Rivers 
(the former constituting its eastern boundary) 
anil by Copperas Creek. Lewistown tecame the 
county-seat immediately after county organi- 
zation, and so remains to the present time (1899). 
The surface of the county at a distance from the 



180 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



river is generally flat, although along the Illinois 
there are bluffs rising to the height of 125 feet. 
The soil is rich, and underlying it are rich, work- 
able seams of coal. A thin seam of cannel coal 
has been mined near Avon, with a contiguous 
vein of fire-clay. Some of the earliest settlers were 
Messrs. Craig and Savage, who, in 1818, built a 
saw mill on Otter Creek; Ossian M. Ross and 
Stephen Dewey, who laid off Lewistown on his 
own land in 1823. The first hotel in tlie entire 
military tract was opened at Lewistown by Tru- 
man Phelps, in 1827. A flat-boat ferry across the 
Illinois was established at Havana, in 1823. The 
principal towns are Can ton(pop.6,.564), Lewistown 
(2,166), Farmington (1,37.'")), and Vermont (1,1.58). 

FULTON COUNTY NARROW-GAUiiE RAIL- 
WAY, a line extending from the west bank of the 
Illinois River, opposite Havana, to Galesburg, 
61 miles. It is a single-track, narrow-gauge 
(3-foot) road, although the excavations and 
embankments are being widened to accommodate 
a track of standard gauge. The grades are few, 
and, as a rule, are light, althougli, in one instance, 
the gradient is eighty-four feet to the mile. 
There are more than 19 miles of curves, the maxi- 
mum being sixteen degrees. The rails are of 
iron, thirty-five pounds to the yard, road not 
ballasted. Capital stock outstanding (1895). 
$636,794; bonded debt, §484,000: miscellaneous 
obligations, §462,362; total capitalization, §1,583,- 
156. The line from Havana to Fairview (31 miles) 
was chartered in 1878 and opened in 1880 and the 
extension from Fairview to Galesburg chartered 
in 1881 and opened in 1882. 

FUNK, Isaac, pioneer, was born in Clark 
County, Ky., Nov. 17, 1797; grew up with meager 
educational advantages and, in 1823, came to Illi- 
nois, finally settling at what afterwards became 
known as Funk's Grove in McLean County. 
Here, with no other capital than industry, per- 
severance, and integrity, Mr. Funk began laying 
the foundation of one of the most ample fortunes 
ever acquired in Illinois outside the domain of 
trade or speculation. By agriculture and dealing 
in live-stock, he became the possessor of a large 
area of the finest farming lands in the State, 
which he brought to a high state of cultivation, 
leaving an estate valued at his death at not less 
than §2,000,000. Mr. Funk served three sessions 
in the General Assembly, first as Representative 
in the Twelfth (1840-42), and as Senator in the 
Twenty-third and Twenty-fourth (1862-66), dying 
before the close of his last term, Jan. 29, 1865. 
Originally a Whig in politics, he became a Repub- 
lican on the organization of that party, and gave 



a liberal and patriotic support to the Government 
during the war for the preservation of the Union. 
During the session of the Twenty-third General 
Assembly, in February, 1863, he delivered a 
speech in the Senate in indignant condemnation 
of the policy of the anti-war factionists, which, 
although couched in homely language, aroused 
the enthusiasm of the friends of the Government 
throughout the State and won for its author a 
prominent place in State history. — Benjamin F. 
(Funk), son of the preceding, was born in Funk"s 
Grove Township, McLean County, 111., Oct. 17, 
1838. After leaving the district schools, he 
entered the Wesleyan University at Blooming- 
ton, but suspended his studies to enter the army 
in 1862, enlisting as a private in the Sixty-eighth 
Illinois Volunteers. After five months" service 
he was honorably discharged, and re-entered the 
University, completing a three-years' course. 
For three years after graduation he followed 
farming as an avocation, and, in 1869, took up 
his residence at Bloomington. In 1871 he was 
chosen Mayor, and served seven consecutive 
terms. He was a delegate to the National 
Republican Convention of 1888, and was the suc- 
cessful candidate of that party, in 1892, for Repre- 
sentative in Congress from the Fourteenth Illinois 
District. — Lafayette (Funk), another son of Isaac 
Funk, was a Representative from McLean County 
in the Thirty-third General Assembly and Sena- 
tor in the Thirty-fourtli and Thirty-fifth. Other 
sons who have occupied seats in the same body 
include George W., Representative in the Twenty- 
seventh, and Duncan M., Representative in the 
Fortieth and Fort3'-first Assemblies The Funk 
family have been conspicuous in the affairs of 
McLean County for a generation, and its mem- 
bers have occupied many other positions of im- 
portance and influence, besides those named, under 
the State, County and municipal governments. 

GAGE, Lyman J., Secretary of the Treasury, 
was born in De Ruyter, Madifson County, N. Y., 
June 28, 1836 ; received a common school educa- 
tion in his native county, and, on the removal of 
his parents, in 1848, to Rome, N. Y., enjoyed the 
advantages of instruction in an academy. At 
the age of 17 he entered the employment of the 
Oneida Central Bank as office-boy and general 
utility clerk, but, two years afterwards, came to 
Chicago, first securing employment in a planing 
mill, and, in 1858, obtaining a position as book- 
keeper of the Merchants' Loan and Trust Com- 
pany, at a salary of §500 a j-ear. By 1861 he had 
been advanced to the position of cashier of the 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



181 



concern, but. in 18G8. he accepted the casliiersliip 
of the First National Hank of Chicago, of wliich 
he became the Vice- President in 1881 and, in 
1891, the President. Mr. Gage was also one of the 
prominent factors in securing the location of the 
World's Fair at Chicago, becoming one of the 
guarantors of the .$10. DUO, 000 jjromised to be raised 
by the city of Chicago, and being finally chosen 
the first President of the Exposition Company. 
He also presided over the bankers' section of the 
World's Congress Au.xiliary in 1893, and, for a 
number of years, was President of the Civic Feder- 
ation of Chicago. On the assumption of the 
Presidency by President McKinley, in JIarch, 
1897, Mr. Gage was selected for the position of 
Secretary of the Treasury, which he has con- 
tinued to occupy up to the present time (1899). 

GALATIA, a village of Saline County, on the 
Illinois Central Railroad, 40 miles southeast of 
Duquoin ; has a bank ; leailing indvistry is coal- 
mining. I'opulation 0890), .519; (1900), (U-,>. 

GALE, George Washington, D.D., LL.D., 
clergyman and educator, was born in Dutchess 
County, N. Y., Dec. 3, 1789. Left an orphan at 
eight years of age, he fell to the care of older 
sisters who inherited the vigorous character of 
their father, which they instilled into the son. 
He graduated at Union College in 1814. and, hav- 
ing taken a course in the Theological Seminary 
at Princeton, in 1S16 was licensed by the Hudson 
Presbytery and assumed the charge of building 
up new churches in Jefferson County, N. Y., 
serving also for six years as pastor of the Presby- 
terian church at Adams. Here his labors were 
attended by a revival in which Charles G. Fin- 
ney, the eloquent evangelist, and other eminent 
men were converts. Having resigned his charge 
at Adams on account of illnes.s, he spent the 
winter of 1823-2-t in Virginia, where his views 
were enlarged by contact with a new class of 
people. Later, removing to Oneida County, 
N. Y., by his marriage with Harriet Selden he 
acquired a considerable property, insuring an 
income which enabled him to extend the field of 
his labors. The result was the establishment of 
the Oneida Institute, a manual labor school, at 
Whitesboro, with which he remained from 1827 
to 1834, and out of which grew Lane Seminary 
and Oberlin and Knox Colleges. In 1835 he con- 
ceived the idea of establishing a colony and an 
institution of learning in the West, and a com- 
mittee representing a party of proposed colonists 
was appointed to make a selection of a site, which 
resulted, in the following year, in the choice of 
a location in Knox County, 111., including the 



site of the present city of Galesburg, which was 
named in honor of Mr. Gale, as the head of the 
enterprise. Here, in 1837, were taken the first 
practical steps in carrying out plans which had 
been previously matured in New York, for the 
establishment of an institution which first 
received the name of Knox Manual Labor Col- 
lege. The manual labor feature having been 
finally discarded, the institution took the name 
of Knox College in 1857. Sir. Gale was the lead- 
ing promoter of the enterprise, by a liberal dona- 
tion of lands contributing to its first endowment, 
and, for nearly a quarter of a century, being 
intimately identified with its history. From 
1840 to '42 he served in the capacity of acting 
Professor of Ancient Languages, and, for fifteen 
years thereafter, as Professor of Moral Philosophy 
and Rhetoric. Died, at Galesburg, Sept. 31, 1861. 
— William Selden (Gale), oldest son of the preced- 
ing, was born in Jefferson County. N. Y., Feb. 
15, 1822, came with his father to Gale.sburg, 111., 
in 1836, and was educated there. Having read 
law with the Hon. James Knox, he was admitted 
to the bar in 1845, but practiced only a few years, 
as he began to turn his attention to measures for 
the development of the country. One of these 
was the Central Military Tract Railroad (now the 
Chicago, Burlington & Quincy), of which he was 
the most active promoter and a Director. He 
was also a member of the Board of .Supervisors of 
Knox County, from the adoption of township 
organization in 1853 to 1895, with the exception 
of four years, and, during the long controversy 
which resulted in the location of the county-seat 
at Galesburg, was the leader of the Galesburg 
party, and subsequently took a prominent part 
in the erection of ])ublic buildings there. Other 
positions held by him incluile the office of Post- 
master of the city of Galesburg, 1849 53; member 
of the State Constitutional Convention of 1863, 
and Representative in the Twenty-sixth General 
Assembly (1870-72); Presidential Elector in 1872; 
Delegate to the National Republican Convention 
of 1880; City Alderman, 1872-82 and 1891-95; 
member of the Commission appointed by Gov- 
ernor Oglesby in 1885 to revise the State Revenue 
Laws; by appointment of President Harrison, 
Superintendent of the Galesburg Government 
Building, and a long term Trustee of the Illinois 
Hospital for the Insane at Rock Island, by 
appointment of Governor Altgeld. He has also 
been a frequent representative of his party 
(the Republican) in State and District Conven- 
tions, and, .since 1.861. has been an active and 
leading member of the Board of Trustees of 



183 



niSTOEICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



Knox College. Mr. Gale was married, Oct. fi, 
1845, to Miss Caroline Ferris, granddaughter of 
the financial representative of the Galesburg 
Colony of 1836, and has had eight children, of 
whom four are living. Died Sep. 1, 1000. 

GALENAj'the county -seat of Jo Daviess County, 
a city and port of entry, 150 miles in a direct line 
west by northwest of Claicago; is located on 
Galena River, about i^ miles above its junction 
with the Mississippi, and is an intersecting point 
for the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy, the North- 
western, and the Illinois Central Railroads, with 
connections by stub with the Chicago Great 
Western. It is built partially in a valley and 
partially on the bluffs which overlook the river, 
the Galena River being made navigable for ves- 
sels of deep draught by a system of lockage. The 
vicinity abounds in rich mines of sulphide of lead 
(galena), from which the city takes its name. 
Galena is adorned by handsome public and priv- 
ate buildings and a beautiful park, in which 
stands a fine bronze statue of General Grant, and 
a symmetrical monument dedicated to the sol- 
diers and sailors of Jo Daviess County who lost 
their lives during the Civil War. Its industries 
include a furniture factory, a table factor}-, two 
foundries, a tub factory and a carriage factory. 
Zinc ore is now being produced in and near the 
city in large quantities, and its mining interests 
will become vast at no distant day. It owns an 
electric light plant, and water is furnished from 
an artesian well 1,700 feet deep. Galena was one 
of the earliest towns in Northern Illinois to be 
settled, its mines having been worked in the lat- 
ter part of the seventeenth century. Many men 
of distinction in State and National aiTairs came 
from Galena, among whom were Gen. U. S. 
Grant, Gen. John A. Rawlins, Gen. John E. 
Smith, Gen. John C. Smith, Gen. A. L. Chetlain, 
Gen. John O. Duer, Gen. W. R. Rowley. Gen. E. 
D. Baker, Hon. E. B. Washburne, Secretary of 
State under Grant, Hon. Thompson Campbell, 
Secretary of State of Illinois, and Judge Drum- 
mond. Population (1890), 5.635; (1900), 5,005. 

GALENA & CHICAGO UNION RAILROAD. 
(See Chicago dt Xorthwcstern Raihirnj.) 

GALESBURGj the countj'-seat of Knox County 
and an important educational center. The first 
settlers were emigrants from the East, a large pro- 
portion of them being members of a colony organ- 
ized by Rev. George W. Gale, of Whitesboro, 
N. Y., in whose honor the original village was 
named. It is situated in the heart of a rich 
agricultural district 58 miles northwest of Peoria, 
99 miles northeast of Quincy and 163 miles south- 



we.st of Chicago; is an important railway center, 
being at the junction of the main line with two 
branch lines of the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy, 
and the Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe Railroads. 
It was incorporated as a village in 1841, and as a 
city by special charter in 1857. There are beauti- 
ful parks and the residence streets are well 
shaded, while 25 miles of street are paved with 
vitrified brick. The city owns a system of water- 
works receiving its supply from artesian wells 
and artificial lakes, has an efficient and well- 
equipped paid fire-department, an electric street 
car sy.stem with three suburban lines, gas and 
electric lighting systems, steam-heating plant, 
etc. It also has a number of flourishing mechan- 
ical industries, including two iron foundries, agri- 
cultural implement works, flouring mills, carriage 
and wagon works and a broom factory, besides 
other industrial enterprises of minor importance. 
The manufacture of vitrified paving brick is quite 
extensively carried on at plants near the city 
limits, the city itself being the shipping-point 
as well as the point of administrative control. 
The Chicago, Burlington & Quincy Railroad 
Company has shops and stockyards here, while 
considerable coal is mined in the vicinity. The 
public buildings include a courthouse. Govern- 
ment postoffice building, an opera house, nine- 
teen churches, ten public schools with a high 
school and free kindergarten, and a handsome 
public library building erected at a cost of §100,- 
000, of which one-half was contributed by Mr. 
Carnegie. Galesburg enjoys its chief distinction 
as the seat of a large number of high class liter- 
ary in.stitutions. including Knox College (non- 
sectarian), Lombard University (Universalist), 
and Corpus ChrLsti Lyceum and University, and 
St. Josepli's Academy (both Roman Catholic). 
Three interurban electric railroad lines connect 
Galesburg with neighboring towns. Pop. (1890), 
15,264; (1900), 18,607. 

GALLATIN COUNTY, one of three counties 
organized in Illinois Territorj' in 1812 — the others 
being Madison and Johnson. Previous to that 
date the Territory had consisted of only two coun- 
ties, St. Clair and Randolph. The new county 
was named in honor of Albert Gallatin, then 
Secretary of the Treasury. It is situated on the 
Ohio and Wabash Rivers, in the extreme south- 
eastern part of the State, and has an area of 349 
square miles; population (1900) 5,836. The first 
cabin erected by an American settler was the 
home of Michael Sprinkle, who settled at Shaw- 
neetown in 1800. The place early became an 
important trading post and distributing point. 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



183 



A ferry across the Wabash was established in 
1803, by Alexander Wilson, whose descendants 
conducted it for more than seventy-five j'ears. 
Although Stephen Rector made a Government 
survey as early as 1807, the public lands were not 
placed on the market until 1818. Shawneetown, 
the count^'-seat. is the most important town, 
having a population of some 2,300. Bituminous 
coal is found in large quantities, and mining is 
an important industry. The prosperity of the 
county has been much retarded by floods, particu- 
larly at Shawneetown and Equality. At the 
former point the difference between high and 
low water mark in the Ohio River has been as 
much as fifty-two feet. 

GALLOWAY, Andrew Jackson, civil engineer, 
was born of Scotch ancestry in Butler County, 
Pa., Dec. 21, 18U-, came with his father to Cory- 
don, Ind. , in 1830, took a course in Hanover Col- 
lege, graduating as a civil engineer in 1837 ; then 
came to Mount Carmel, White County, 111., with 
a view to employment on projected Illinois rail- 
roads, but engaged in teaching for a year, having 
among his pupils a number who have since been 
prominent in State affairs. Later, he obtained 
employment as an assistant engineer, serving for 
a time under William Gooding, Chief Engineer of 
the Illinois & Michigan Canal ; was also Assistant 
Enrolling and Engrossing Clerk of the State 
Senate in 1840-41, and held the same position in 
the House in 1816-47, and again in 1848-49, in the 
meantime having located a farm in La Salle 
County, where the present city of Streator stands. 
In 1849 he was appointed Secretary of the Canal 
Trustees, and, in 1801, became assistant engineer 
on the Illinois Central Railroad, later superin- 
tending its construction, and finally being trans- 
ferred to the land department, but retiring in 
1855 to engage in real-estate business in Chicago, 
dealing largely in railroad lands. 5Ir. Galloway 
was elected a County Commissioner for Cook 
County, and has since been connected with many 
measures of local importance. 

GALTA, a town in Henry County, 45 miles 
southeast of Rock Island and 48 miles north- 
northwest of Peoria: the point of intersection of 
the Rock Island & Peoria and the Chicago, Bur- 
lington & Quincy Railways. It stands at the 
summit of the dividing ridge between the Missis- 
sippi and the Illinois Rivers, and is a manufac- 
turing and coal-mining town. It has eight 
churches, three banks, good schools, and two 
weekly newspaiiers. The surrounding country 
is agricultural and wealthy, and is rich in coal. 
Population (1890), 3,409; (1900), 2,683. 



(•.VKDN'ER, a village in Garfield Township, 
Grundy County, on the Chicago <t Alton Rail- 
road, 65 miles south-southwest of Chicago and 36 
miles north-northeast of Pontiac; on the Kanka- 
kee and Seneca branch of the "Big Four," and 
the Elgin, Joliet & Eastern R. R. Coal-mining 
is the principal industry. Gardner has two 
banks, four churches, a high school, and a weekly 
paper. Population (1890), 1.094; (1900). I,0;i6. 

GARDNER, CO.IL CITY & NORMA\TOW>' 
RAILWAY. (See Elgin, Joliet <£■ Eauteni Hail 
way. ) 

GARY, Joseph Easton, lawyer and jurist, was 
born of Puritan ancestry, at Potsdam, St. Law- 
rence County, X. Y., July 9, 1821. His early 
educational advantages were such as were fur- 
nished by district schools and a village academy, 
and, until he was 32 years old, he worked at the 
carpenter's bench. In 1843 he removed to St. 
Louis, Mo., where he studied law. After admis- 
sion to the bar, he practiced for five years in 
Southwest Missouri, thence going to Las Vegas, 
N. M., in 1849, and to San Francisco, Cal., in 
1853. In 18.56 he settled in Chicago, where he 
has since resided. After seven j'ears of active 
practice he was elected to the bench of the 
Superior Court of Cook Coimty, where he has sat 
for thirty years, being four times nominated by 
both political parties, and his last re-election — for 
a term of six years, occurring in 1893. He pre- 
sided at the trial of the Chicago anarchists in 
1886 — one of the causes celebres of Illinois. Some 
of liis rulings therein were sharply criticised, but 
he was uphold by the courts of aj^pellate jurisdic- 
tion, and liis connection with tlie case has given 
him world-wide fame. In November, 1888, the 
Supreme Court of Illinois transferred him to the 
bench of the Appellate Court, of which tribunal 
he has been three times Chief Justice. 

GASSETTE, Xorman Theodore, real-estate 
operator, wasbornatTownsend.Vt., April31, 1839, 
canie to Chicago at ten years of age, and, after 
spending a year at Shurtleff College, took a prepar- 
atory collegiate course at the At water Institute, 
Rochester, N. Y. In June, 1861, he enlisted as 
a private in the Nineteenth Regiment Illinois 
Volunteers, rising in the second j'ear to the rank 
of First Lieutenant, and, at the battle of Chicka- 
mauga, by gallantry displayed while serving as 
an Aid-de-Camp, winning a recommendation 
for a brevet Lieutenant-Colonelcy. The war 
over, he served one term as Clerk of the Circuit 
Court and Recorder, but later engaged in the real- 
estate and loan business as the head of the exten- 
sive firm of Norman T. Cassette & Co. He was t. 



184 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLIXOIS. 



Republican in politics, active in Grand Army 
circles and prominent as a Mason, holding the 
position of Eminent Grand Commander of 
Knights Templar of Illinois on occasion of the 
Triennial Conclave in Washington in 1889. He 
also had charge, as President of the Masonic 
Fraternity Temple Association of Chicago, for 
some time prior to his decease, of the erection of 
the Masonic Temple of Chicago. Died, in Chi- 
cago, March 20, 1891. 

GATE WOOD, William Jefferson, early lawyer, 
was born in Warren County, Ky., came to 
Franklin County, 111., in boyhood, removed to 
Shawneetown in 1823, where he taught school 
two or three years while studying law; was 
admitted to the bar in 1828, and served in five 
General Assemblies — as Representative in 1830-33, 
and as Senator, 1834-42. He is described as a man 
of fine education and brilliant talents. Died, 
Jan. 8, 1842. 

GAULT, John C, railway manager, was born 
at Hooksett. N. H., May 1, 1829; in 1850 entered 
the local freight office of the Manchester & Law- 
rence Railroad, later becoming General Freight 
Agent of the Vermont Central. Coming to Chi- 
cago in 1859, he successively filled the positions 
of Superintendent of Transportation on the 
Galena & Chicago Union, and (after the consoli- 
dation of the latter with the Chicago & North- 
western), that of Division Superintendent, 
General Freight Agent and Assistant General 
Manager; Assistant General Manager of the 
Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul; General Mana- 
ger of the Wabash (1879-83); Arbitrator for the 
trunk lines (1888-85), and General Manager of 
the Cincinnati, New Orleans & Texas Pacific 
(1885-90), when he retired. Died, in Chicago, 
August 29, 1891. 

GENERAL ASSEMBLIES. The following is a 
list of the General Assemblies which have met 
since the admission of Illinois as a State up to 
1898 — from the First to the Fortieth inclusive — 
with the more important acts passed by each and 
the duration of their respective sessions: 

First General, Assembly held two sessions, 
the first convening at Kaskaskia, the State Capi- 
tal, Oct. 5, and adjourning Oct. 13, 1818. The 
second met, Jan. 4, 1819, continuing to March 31. 
Lieut-Gov. Pierre Menard presided over the Sen- 
ate, consisting of thirteen members, while John 
Messinger was chosen Speaker of the House, 
containing twenty-seven members. The most 
important business transacted at the first session 
was the election of two United States Senators — 
Ninian Edwards and Jesse B. Thomas, Sr.— and 



the filling of minor State and judicial offices. At 
the second session a code of laws was enacted, 
copied chiefly from the Virginia and Kentucky 
statutes, including the law concerning "negroes 
and mulattoes, " which long remained on the 
statute book. An act was also passed appointing 
Commissioners to select a site for a new State 
Capital, which resulted in its location at Van- 
dalia. The sessions were held in a stone building 
with gambrel-roof pierced by dormer-windows, 
the Senate occupying the lower floor and the 
House the upper. The length of the first session 
was nine days, and of the second eightj'-seven — 
total, ninety-six days. 

Second General Assembly convened at Van- 
dalia, Dec. 4, 1820. It consisted of fourteen 
Senators and twenty -nine Representatives. Jolin 
McLean, of Gallatin Coxinty, was chosen Speaker 
of the House. A leading topic of discussion was 
the incorporation of a State Bank. Monej' was 
scarce and there was a strong popular demand 
for an increase of circulating medium. To 
appease this clamor, no less than to relieve traders 
and agriculturists, this General Assembly estab- 
lished a State Bank (see State Bank), despite 
the earnest protest of McLean and the executive 
veto. A stay-lav? was also enacted at this session 
for the benefit of the debtor class. The number 
of members of the next Legislature was fixed at 
eighteen Senators and thirty -six Representatives 
— this provision remaining in force until 1831. 
The session ended Feb. 15, having lasted seventy- 
four days. 

Third General Assembly convened, Dec. 3, 

1822. Lieutenant-Governor Hubbard presided in 
the Senate, while in the organization of the 
lower house, William M. Alexander was chosen 
Speaker. Governor Coles, in his inaugural, 
called attention to the existence of slavery in 
Illinois despite the Ordinance of 1787, and urged 
the adoption of repressive measures. Both 
branches of the Legislature being pro-slavery in 
sympathy, the Governor's address provoked 
bitter and determined opposition. On Jan. 9, 

1823, Jesse B. Thomas was re-elected United 
States Senator, defeating John Reynolds, Leonard 
White and Samuel D. Lockwood. After electing 
Mr. Thomas and choosing State officers, the 
General Assembly proceeded to discuss the major- 
it}' and minority reports of the committee to , 
which had been referred the Governor's address. 
The minority report recommended tlie abolition 
of slavery, while that of the majority favored 
the adoption of a resolution calling a convention 
to amend the Constitution, the avowed object 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



185 



being to make Illinois a slave State. The latter 
reptirt was adopted, but the pro-slavery party in 
the House lacked one vote of the number neces- 
sary to carry the resolution by the constitutional 
two-thirds majority. What followed has always 
been regarded as a blot upon the record of the 
Third General Assemblj'. Nicholas Hansen, who 
had been awarded the seat from Pike County 
at the beginning of the session after a contest 
brought by his opponent, John Shaw, was un- 
seated after the adoption of a resolution to 
recon.sider the vote by which he had been several 
weeks before declared elected. Shaw having 
thus been seated, the resolution was carried by 
the necessary twenty-four votes. Jlr. Hansen, 
although previously regarded as a pro-slavery 
man, had voted with the minority when the 
resolution was first put upon its passage. Hence 
followed his deprivation of his seat. The triumph 
of the friends of the convention was celebrated 
by what Gov. John Reynolds (himself a conven- 
tionist) characterized as "a wild and indecorous 
procession by torchlight and liquor." (See 
SlavetT/ and Slave Latrs.) The session adjourned 
Feb. 18, having continued seventy -nine days. 

Fourth General Assembly. This body held 
two sessions, the first being convened, Nov. 15, 
1824, by proclamation of the Executive, some 
three weeks before the date for the regular 
session, in order to correct a defect in the law 
relative to counting the returns for Presidential 
Electors. Thomas Mather was elected Speaker 
of the House, while Lieutenant-Governor Hub- 
bard presided in the Senate. Having amended 
the law concerning the election returns for Presi- 
deiitial Electors, the Assembly proceeded to the 
election of two United States Senators — one to 
fill' the unexpired term of ex-Senator Edwards 
(resigned) and the other for the full term begin- 
ning March 4, 1825. John McLean was chosen 
for the first and Elias Kent Kane for the second. 
Five circuit judgeships were created, and it was 
provided that the bench of the Supreme Court 
should consist of four Judges, and that semi- 
annual sessions of that tribunal should be held at 
the State capital. (See Judicial Department.) 
The regular session came to an end, Jan. 18, 1825, 
but at its own request, the Lieutenant-Governor 
and acting Governor Hubbard re-convened the 
body in special session on Jan. 2, 1826, to enact a 
new apportionment law under the census of 1825. 
A sine die adjournment was taken, Jan. 28, 1826. 
One of the imjxjrtant acts of the regular session 
of 1825 was the adoption of the first free-school 
law in Illinois, the measure having been intro- 



duced by Joseph Duncan, afterwards Governor of 
the State. This Legislature was in session a total 
of ninety-two days, of which sixty-five were 
during the first session and twenty-seven during 
the second. 

Fifth General Assembly convened, Dec. 4, 
1826, Lieutenant-Governor Kinney presiding in 
the Senate and John McLean in the House. At 
the request of the Governor an investigation into 
the management of the bank at Edwardsville was 
had, resulting, however, in the exoneration of its 
officers. The circuit judgeships created by the 
preceding Legislature were abrogated and their 
incumbents legislated out of oflioe. The State 
was divided into four circuits, one Justice of the 
Supreme Court being assigned to each. (See 
Judicial Department.) This General Assembly 
also elected a State Treasurer to succeed Abner 
Field, James Hall being chosen on the ninth 
ballot. The Supreme Court Judges, as directed 
by the preceding Legislature, presented a well 
digested report on the revision of the laws, which 
was adopted without material alteration. One of 
the important measures enacted at this se.ssion 
was an act establishing a State penitentiary, the 
funds for its erection being obtained by the 
sale of saline lands in Gallatin County. (See 
Alton Penitentiary; also Salt Manufacture.) 
The session ended Feb. 19 — having continued 
seventy -eight days. 

Sixth Gener.\l Assembly convened, Dec. 1, 
1828. The Jackson Democrats had a large major- 
ity in both houses. John McLean was, for the 
third time, elected Speaker of the House, and, 
later in the session, was elected United States 
Senator by a unanimous vote. A Secretary of 
State, Treasurer and Attorney-General were also 
appointed or elected. The most important legis- 
lation of the session was as follows : Authorizing 
the sale of school lands and the borrowing of the 
proceeds from the school fund for the ordinary 
governmental expenses; providing for a return 
to the viva voce method of voting; creating a 
fifth judicial circuit and appointing a Judge 
therefor ; providing for the appointment of Com- 
missioners to determine upon the route of the 
IlUnois & Micliigan Canal, to sell lands and com- 
mence its construction. The Assembly adjourned, 
Jan. 23, 1829, having been in session fifty-four days. 

Seventh General Assembly met, Dec. 6, 1830. 
The newly-electeil Lieutenant-Governor, Zadoc 
Casey, and William L. D. Ewing presided 
over the two houses, respectively. John Rey- 
nolds was Governor, and, the majority of the 
Senate being made up of his political adversaries. 



186 



HISTORICAL EXCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



experienced no little difficulty in securing the 
confirmation of his nominees. Two United 
States Senators were elected: Elias K. Kane 
being chosen to succeed himself and John M. 
Robinson to serve the unexpired term of John 
McLean, deceased. The United States census of 
1830 gave Illinois three Representatives in Con- 
gress instead of one, and this General Assembly 
passed a re-apportionment law accordingly. The 
number of State Senators was increased to 
twenty-six, and of members of the lower house 
to fifty-five. The criminal code was amended by 
the substitution of imprisonment in the peni- 
tentiary as a penalty in lieu of the stocks and 
public flogging. This Legislature also authorized 
the borrowing of 8100,000 to redeem the notes of 
the State Bank which were to mature the follow- 
ing year. The Assembly adjourned, Feb. 16, 1831, 
the session having lasted seventy-three daj-s. 

Eighth General Assembly. The session 
began Dec. 3, 1833, and ended March 2, 1833. 
William L. D. Ewing was chosen President pro 
tempore of the Senate, and succeeded Zadoc 
Casey as Lieutenant-Governor, the latter having 
been elected a Representative in Congress. 
Alexander M. Jenkins presided over the House aa 
Speaker. This Legislature enacted the first gen- 
eral incorporation laws of Illinois, their provisions 
being applicable to towns and public libraries. 
It also incorporated several railroad companie.s, 
— one line from Lake Michigan to the Illinois 
River (projected as a substitute for the canal), 
one from Peru to Cairo, and another to cross the 
State, running through Springfield. Other char- 
ters were granted for shorter lines, but the incor- 
porators generally failed to organize under them. 
A notable inci dent in connection with this session 
wastheattempt to impeach Theophilus W. Smith, 
a Justice of the Supreme Court. This was the first 
and last trial of this character in the State's his- 
tory, between 1818 and 1899. Failing to secure a 
conviction in the Senate (where the vote stood 
twelve for conviction and ten for acquittal, with 
four Senators excused from voting), the House 
attempted to remove him by address, but in this 
the Senate refused to concur. The first mechan- 
ics" lien law was enacted by this Legislature, 
as also a law relating to the "right of way" fov 
"public roads, canals, or other public works.'' 
The length of the session was ninety days. 

Ninth General Assembly. This Legislature 
held two sessions. The first began Dec. 1, 1834, 
and lasted to Feb. 13, 1835. Lieutenant-Governor 
Jenkins presided in the Senate and James Semple 
was elected Speaker of the House without oppo- 



sition. On Dec. 20, John M. Robinson was re- 
elected United States Senator Abraham Lincoln 
was among the new members, but took no con- 
spicuous part in the discussions of tlie body. The 
principal public laws passed at this session were: 
Providing for the borrowing of §500,000 to be 
used in the construction of the Illinois & Michi- 
gan Canal and the appointment of a Board of 
Commissioners to supervise its expenditure; 
incorporating the Bank of the State of Illinois; 
and authorizing a loan of $12,000 by Cook County, 
at 10 per cent interest per annum from the 
county school fund, for the erection of a court 
house in that county. The second session of this 
Assembly convened, Dec. 7, 18 j5, adjourning. Jan. 
18, 1836. A new canal act was passed, enlarging 
the Commissioners' powers and pledging the faith 
of the State for the repayment of money bor- 
rowed to aid in its construction. A new appor- 
tionment law was also passed providing for the 
election of forty-one Senators and ninety-one 
Representatives, and W. L. D. Ewing was elected 
United States Senator, to succeed EUas K. Kane, 
deceased. The length of the first session was 
seventy-five days, and of the second forty-three 
days — total, 118. 

Tenth General Assembly, like its predeces- 
sor, held two sessions. The first convened Dec. 5, 
1836, and adjourned March 6, 1837. The Whigs 
controlled the Senate by a large majority, and 
elected William H. Davidson, of White County, 
President, to succeed Alexander M. Jenkins, who 
had resigned the Lieutenant-Governorship. (See 
Jenkins, Alexander 31.) James Semple was 
re-elected Speaker of the House, which was 
fully two-thirds Democratic. This Legislature 
was remarkable for the number of its members 
who afterwards attained National prominence. 
Lincoln and Douglas sat in the lower house, both 
voting for the same candidate for Speaker — New- 
ton Cloud, an independent Democrat. Besides 
these, the rolls of this Assembly included the 
names of a future Governor, six future United 
States Senators, eight Congressmen, three Illinois 
Supreme Court Judges, seven State officers, and 
a Cabinet officer. The two absorbing topics for 
legislative discussion and action were the system 
of internal improvements and the removal of the 
State capital. (See Internal Improvement Policy 
and State Capitals. ) Tlie friends of Springfield 
finally effected such a combination that that city 
was selected as the seat of the State government, 
while the Internal Improvement Act was passed 
over the veto of Governor Duncan. A second 
session of this Legislature met on the call of the 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



187 



Governor, July 10, 1837, and adjourneil July '-3. 
An act legalizing the suspension of State banks 
was adopted, but the recommendation of the Gov- 
ernor for the repeal of the internal improvement 
legislation was ignored. The length of the first 
session was ninety-two days and of the second 
thirteen— total 105. 

Eleventh Gener.\l Assembly. This body 
held both a regular and a special session. The 
former met Dec. 3, 1838, and adjourned March 4, 
1839. The Whigs were in a majority in botli 
houses, and controlled tlie organization of the 
Senate. In the House, however, their candidate 
for Speaker — Abraham Lincoln — failing to secure 
his full party vote, was defeated by W. L. D. 
Ewing. At this session §800,000 more was appro- 
priated for the "improvement of water-ways and 
the construction of railroads, " all efforts to put au 
end to. or even curtail, furtlier expenditures on 
account of internal improvements meeting with 
defeat. An apjiropriation (the first) was made 
for a library for the Supreme Court; the Illinois 
Institution for the Education of the Deaf and 
Dumb wiis established, and the further issuance 
of bank notes of a smaller denomination tlian $■> 
was prohibited. By this time the State debt had 
increa-sed to over §13,000 000, and both the people 
and the Governor were becoming apprehensive as 
to ultimate results of this prodigal outlay. A 
crisis appeared imminent, and the Governor, on 
Dec. 9, 1839, convened the Legislature in special 
session to consider the situation. (This was the 
first session ever held at Springfield ; and, the new 
State House not being completed, the Senate, the 
House and the Supreme Court found accommo- 
dation in three of the principal churcli edifices.) 
The stniggle for a cliange of State policy at this 
session was long and hard fought, no heed being 
given to party lines. Tlie outcome was the vir- 
tual abrogation of the entire internal improve- 
ment system. Provision was made for the calling 
in and desti^uction of all unsold bonds and the 
speedy adjustment of all unsettled accounts of 
the old Board of Public Works, which was legis- 
lated out of oflice. Tlie special session adjourned 
Feb. 3, 1840. Length of regular session ninet}-- 
two days, of the special, fifty-seven — total, 149. 

Twelfth Gener.\l Assembly. This Legisla- 
ture was strongly Democratic in both branches. 
It first convened, by executive proclamation, 
Nov. 23, 1840, the object being to provide for pay- 
ment of interest on the public debt. In reference 
to this matter the following enactments were 
made: Authorizing the hypothecation of .§300,000 
internal improvement bonds, to meet the interest 



due Jan. 1, 1841 ; directing the issue of bonds to 
be sold in the open market aiui the proceeds 
applied toward discharging all amounts due on 
interest account for which no other provision was 
made : levying a special tax of ten cents on the 
§100 to meet the interest on the last mentioned 
class of bonds, as it matured. For the comple- 
tion of the Northern Cross Railroad (from Spring- 
field to Jack.sonville) anotlier appropriation of 
§100,000 was ma<le. The called session adjourned, 
sine die, on Dec. 5. and the regular session began 
two days later. The Senate was presided over by 
the Lieutenant-Governor (Stinson H. Anderson), 
and William L. D. Ewing was chosen Speaker of 
the House. The most vital issue was the propri- 
ety of demanding the surrender of tlie charter of 
the State Bank, with its branches, and here 
party lines were drawn. The Whigs finally 
succeeded in averting the closing of the institu- 
tions which had suspended specie pa3-nients, and 
in securing for those institutions the privilege of 
issuing small bills. A law reorganizing the judi- 
ciary was passed by the majority over the execu- 
tive veto, and in face of the defection of some of 
its members. On a partisan issue all the Circuit 
Judges were legislated out of office and five Jus- 
tices added to the bench of the Supreme Court. 
The session was stormy, and the Assembly ad- 
journed March 1, 1841. This Legislature was in 
session ninety-eight days^thirteen during the 
special session and eighty-five during the regular. 
TuiUTEENTH Gener.\l ASSEMBLY consisted of 
forty-one Senators and 121 Representatives; con- 
vened, Dec. 5, 1842. The Senate and House were 
Democratic by two-thirds majority in each. 
Lieut. -Gov. John Moore was presiding oflUcer of 
the Senate and .Samuel Hackelton Speaker of the 
House, with W. L. D. Ewing. who had been 
acting Governor and United States Senator, as 
Clerk of the latter. Richard Yates, Isaac N. 
Arnold, Stephen T. Logan and Gustavus Koerner, 
were among the new members. The existing 
situation seemed fraught with peril. The State 
debt was nearly §14,000,000; immigration had 
been checked ; the State and Shawneetown banks 
had gone down and their currency was not worth 
fifty cents on the dollar; Auditor's warrants were 
worth no more, and Illinois State bonds were 
quoted at fourteen cents. On Dec. 18, Judge 
Sidney Breese was elected United States Senator, 
having defeated Stephen A. Douglas for the 
Democratic caucus nomination, on the nineteenth 
ballot, by a majority of one vote. The State 
Bank (in which the St.ite had been a large share- 
holder) was permitted to go into liquidation upon 



188 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



tlie surrender of State bonds in exchange for a 
like amount of bank stock owned by the State. 
Tlie same conditional release was granted to the 
bank at Shawneetown. The net result was a 
reduction of the State debt by about 63,000,000. 
The Governor was authorized to negotiate a 
loan of §1,600,000 on the credit of the State, for 
the purpose of prosecuting the work on the canal 
and meeting the indebtedness already incurred. 
The Executive was also made sole "Fund Com- 
missioner" and, in that capacity, was empowered 
(in connection with the Auditor) to sell the 
railroads, etc., belonging to the State at public 
auction. Provision was also made for the redemp- 
tion of the bonds hypothecated with Macalister 
and Stebbins. (See Macalister and Stebbins 
Bonds.) The Congressional distribution of the 
moneys arising from the sale of public lands was 
acquiesced in, and the revenues and resources of 
the State were pledged to the redemption "of 
every debt contracted by an authorized agent for a 
good and valuable consideration." To establish 
a sinking fund to meet such obligation, a tax of 
twenty cents on every SlOO, payable in coin, was 
levied. This Legislature also made a re-appor- 
tionment of the State into Seven Congressional 
Districts. The Legislatiire adjourned, March 0, 
1843, after a session of ninety-two days. 

Fourteenth Gener.\l Assembly convened 
Dec. 2, 1844, and ad journed March 3, 1845, the ses- 
sion lasting ninety-two days. The Senate was 
composed of twenty-six Democrats and fifteen 
Wliigs; the House of eighty Democrats and 
thirty-nine Whigs. David Davis was among the 
new members. William A. Richardson defeated 
Stephen T. Logan for the Speakership, and James 
Semple was elected United States Senator to suc- 
ceed Samuel McRoberts, deceased. The canal 
law was amended by the passage of a supple- 
mental act, transferring the property to Trustees 
and empowering the Governor to complete the 
negotiations for the borrowing of §1,600,000 for 
its construction. The State revenue being in- 
sufficient to meet the ordinary expenses of the 
government, to say nothing of the arrears of 
interest on the State debt, a tax of three mills on 
each dollar's worth of property was imposed for 
184.^ and of three and one-half mills thereafter. 
Of the revenue thus raised in 184.5, one mill was 
set apart to pay the interest on the State debt 
and one and one-half mills for the same purpose 
from the taxes collected in 1846 "and forever 
thereafter." 

Fifteenth General Assembly convened Dec. 
7, 184G. The farewell message of Governor Ford 



and the inaugural of Governor French were lead- 
ing incidents. The Democrats had a two-thirds 
majority in each house. Lieut. -Gov. Joseph B, 
Wells presided in the Senate, and Newton Cloud 
was elected Speaker of the House, the compli- 
mentary vote of the Whigs being given to Stephen 
T. Logan. Stephen A. Douglas was elected 
United States Senator, the whigs voting for Cyrus 
Edwards. State officers were elected as follows; 
Auditor, Thomas H. Campbell; State Treasurer, 
Milton Carpenter — both by acclamation; and 
Horace S Cooley was nominated and confirmed 
Secretary of State. A new school law was 
enacted ; the sale of the Gallatin County salines 
was authorized ; the University of Chicago was 
incorporated, and the Hospital for the Insane at 
Jacksonville established; the sale of the North- 
ern Cross Railroad was authorized; District 
Courts were established ; and provision was made 
for refunding the State debt. The Assembly 
adjourned, March 1, 1847, after a session of 
eighty-five days. 

Sixteenth General Assembly. This was the 
first Legislature to convene under the Constitu- 
tion of 1847. There were twenty-five members 
in the Senate and seventy-five in the House. 
The body assembled on Jan. 1, 1849, continu- 
ing in session until Feb. 13 — the session being 
limited by the Constitution to six weeks. Zadoc 
Casey was chosen Speaker, defeating Richard 
Yates by a vote of forty-six to nineteen. After 
endorsing the policy of the administration in 
reference to the Mexican War and thanking the 
soldiers, the Assembly proceeded to the election 
of United States Senator to succeed Sidney 
Breese. The choice fell upon Gen. James Shields, 
the other caucus candidates being Breese and 
McClernand, while Gen. William F. Thornton led 
the forlorn hope for the Whigs. The principle of 
the Wilmot proviso was endorsed. The Governor 
convened the Legislature in special session on 
Oct. 23. A question as to the eligibility of Gen. 
Shields having arisen (growing out of his nativity 
and naturalization), and the legal obstacles hav- 
ing been removed by the lapse of time, he was 
re-elected Senator at the special session. Outside 
of the passage of a general law authorizing the 
incorporation of railroads, little general legisla- 
tion was enacted. The special session adjourned 
Nov. 7. Length of regular session forty-three 
days ; special, seventeen — total sixty. 

Seventeenth General Assembly' convened 
Jan. 6, 1851, adjourned Feb. 17 — length of 
session forty-three days. Sidney Breese (ex- 
Senator) was chosen Speaker. The session was 



HISTOKK'AL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



1S9 



characterized by a vast aiiKHUit of legislation, not 
all of which was well considered. By joint reso- 
lution of both houses the endorsement of the 
Wilmot proviso at the previous session was 
rescinded. The first homestead exemption act 
was passed, and a stringent liquor law adopted, 
the sale of liquor in quantities tes than one quart 
being prohibited. Township organization was 
authorized and what was virtually free-banking 
was sanctioned. The latter law was ratifietl by 
popular vote in November, 18i)l. An act incorpo- 
rating the Illinois Central Railroad was also 
passed at this session, the measure being drafted 
by James L. D. Morrison. A special session of 
this Assembly was held in 1853 under a call by 
the Governor, lasting from June 7 to the 23d — 
seventeen days. The most important general 
legislation of the special session was the reappor- 
tionment of the State into nine Congressional 
Districts. This Legislature was in session a total 
of sixty days. 

Eighteenth Genek.vl Assembly. The first 
(or regular) session convened Jan. 3, 1853, and 
adjourned Feb. 14. The Senate was composed of 
twenty Democrats and five Whigs; the House, of 
fifty-nine Democrats, sixteen Whigs and one 
"Free-Soiler." Lieutenant-Governor Koerner 
presided in the upper, and ex-Gov. .John Reynolds 
in tlie lower house. Governor Matteson was 
inaugurated on the 16th; Stephen A. Douglas was 
re-elected United States Senator, Jan. 5, the 
Whigs casting a complimentary vote for Joseph 
Gillespie. 5Iore than 450 laws were enacted, the 
majority being "private acts." The prohibitory 
temperance legislation of the preceding General 
Assembly was repealed and the license systenx 
re-enacted. This body also passed the famous 
"black laws" designed to prevent the immigration 
of free negroes into the State. The sum of 
$18,000 was appropriated for the erection and 
furnishing of an executive mansion ; the State 
Agricultural Society was incorporated; the re- 
mainder of the State lands was ordered sold, and 
any surplus funds in the treasury appropriated 
toward reducing the State debt. A special session 
was convened on Feb. 9, 1854, and adjourned 
March 4. The most important measures adopted 
were: a legislative re-apportionment, an act pro- 
viding for the election of a Superintendent of 
Public Instruction, and a charter for the Missis- 
sippi & Atlantic Railroad. The regular session 
lasted forty-three days, the special twentj'^four 
— total, sixty-seven. 

Nineteenth General Assembly met Jan. 1, 
1855, and adjourned Feb. 15 — the session lasting 



forty-six days. Thomas J. Turner was elected 
Speaker of the House. The political complexion 
of the Legislature was much mixed, among the 
members being old-line Whigs, Abolitionists, 
Free-Soilers, Know-Nothings, Pro-slavery Demo- 
crats and Anti-Nebraska Democrats. The 
Nebraska question was the leading issue, and in 
reference thereto the Senate stood fourteen 
Nebraska memliers and eleven anti-Nebraska ; the 
House, thirty-four straiglit-out Democrats, while 
the entire strength of the opposition was forty- 
one. A United States Senator was to be chosen 
to succeed Gen. James Shields, and the friends of 
free-soil had a clear majority of four on joint 
ballot. Abraham Lincoln was the caucus nomi- 
nee of the Whigs, and General Shields of the Demo- 
crats. The two houses met in joint session Feb. 8. 
Tlie result of the first ballot was, Lincoln, forty- 
five; Shields, forty -one; scattering, thirteen; 
present, but not voting, one. Mr. Lincoln's 
strength steadily waned, then rallied slightly on 
the sixth and seventh ballots, but again declined. 
Shields' forty-one votes rising on the fifth ballot 
to forty-two, but having dropped on the next 
ballot to forty-one, his name was withdrawn and 
that of Gov. Joel A. Matteson substituted. Mat- 
teson gained until he received forty-seven votes, 
which was tlic limit of his strength. On the 
ninth ballot, Loncoln's vote having dropped to 
fifteen, his name was withdrawn at his own 
request, his support going, on tlie next ballot, to 
Lyman Trumbull, an anti-Nebraska Democrat, 
who received fifty-one votes to forty-seven for 
Matteson and one for Archibald Williams — one 
member not voting. Trumbull, having received 
a majority, was elected. Five members had 
voted for him from the start. These were Sena- 
tors John JI. Palmer, Norman B. Judd and Burton 
C. Cook, and Representatives Henry S. Baker and 
George T. Allen. It had been hoped that they 
would, in time, come to the support of Mr. Lin- 
coln, but they explained that they had been 
instructed by their constituents to vote only for 
an anti-Nebraska Democrat. They were all sub- 
sequently prominent leaders in the Republican 
party. Having inaugurated its work by accom- 
plishing a political revolution, this Legislature 
proceeded to adopt several measures more or less 
radical in tlieir tendency. One of these was the 
Maine liquor law, with the condition that it be 
submitted to popular vote. It failed of ratifica- 
tion by vote of the people at an election held in 
the following June. A new common school law 
was enacted, and railroads were required to fence 
their tracks. The Assembly also adopted a reso- 



190 



HISTOEICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



lution calling for a Convention to amend the Con- 
stitution, but this was defeated at the polls. 

Twentieth General Assembly convened Jan. 
5, 1857, and adjourned, sine die, Feb. 19. A 
Republican State administration, with Governor 
Bissell at its head, had just been elected, but the 
Legislature was Democratic in both branches. 
Lieut. -Gov. John Wood presided over the Senate, 
and Samuel Holmes, of Adams County, defeated 
Isaac N. Arnold, of Cook, for the Speakership of 
the House. Among the prominent members were 
Norman B. Judd, of Cook; A. J. Kuykendall, of 
Johnson ; Shelby 51. Cullom, of Sangamon ; John 
A. Logan, of Jackson; William R. Morrison, of 
Monroe ; Isaac N. Arnold, of Cook ; Joseph Gilles- 
pie, of Madison, and S. W. Moulton, of Shelby. 
Among the important measures enacted by this 
General Assembly were the following: Acts 
establishing and maintaining free schools; estab- 
lishing a Normal University at Normal ; amending 
the banking law ; providing for the general incor- 
poration of railroads; providing for the building 
of a new penitentiary ; and funding the accrued 
arrears of interest on the public debt. Length of 
session, forty-six days. 

TWE^'TY-FIRST GENERAL ASSEMBLY convened 
Jan. 3, 1839, and was in session for fifty-three 
days, adjourning Feb. 24. The Senate consisted 
of twenty-five, and the House of seventy-flve 
members. The presiding officers were: — of the 
Senate, Lieut. -Gov. Wood; of the House, W. R. 
Morrison, of Monroe County, who defeated his 
Republican opponent. Vital Jarrot, of St. Clair, 
on a viva voce vote. The Governor's message 
showed a reduction of 81,106,877 in the State debt 
during two years preceding, leaving a balance of 
principal and arrears of interest amounting to 
§11,138,454. On Jan. 6, 1859, the Assembly, in 
joint session, elected Stephen A. Douglas to suc- 
ceed himself as United States Senator, by a vote 
of fifty-four to forty-six for Abraham Lincoln. 
The Legislature was thrown into great disorder 
in consequence of an attempt to prevent the 
receipt from the Governor of a veto of a legisla- 
tive apportionment bill which had been passed by 
the Democratic majority in the face of bitter 
opposition on the part of the Republicans, who 
denounced it as partisan and unjust. 

Twenty-second General Assembly convened 
in regular session on Jan. 7, 1861, consisting of 
twenty-five Senators and seventy-five Represent- 
atives. For the first time in the State's history, 
the Democrats failed to control the organization 
ofeitherhou.se. Lieut. -Gov. Francis A. Hoff'man 
presided over the Senate, and S. M. CuUom, of 



Sangamon, was chosen Speaker of the House, the 
Democratic candidate being James W. Singleton. 
Thomas A. Marshall, of Coles County, was elected 
President pro tern, of the Senate over A. J. Kuy- 
kendall, of Johnson. The message of the retiring 
Governor (John Wood) reported a reduction of 
the State debt, during four years of Republican 
administration, of §2,800,402, and showed the 
number of banks to be 110, whose aggregate cir- 
culation was 812,320,964. Lyman Trumbull was 
re-elected United States Senator on January 10, 
receiving fifty-four votes, to forty -six cast for 
Samuel S. Marshall. Governor Yates was inau- 
gurated, Jan. 14. The most important legislation 
of this session related to tl>e following subjects: 
the separate property rights of married women ; 
the encouragement of mining and the support of 
public schools ; the payment of certain evidences 
of State indebtedness; protection of the purity of 
the ballot-box, and a resolution submitting to the 
people the question of the calling of a Convention 
to amend the Constitution. Joint resolutions were 
passed relative to tlie death of Governor Bissell ; 
to the appointment of Commissioners to attend a 
Peace Conference in Washington, and referring 
to federal relations. The latter deprecated 
amendments to the United States Constitution, but 
expressed a willingness to unite with any States 
which might consider themselves aggrieved, 
in petitioning Congress to call a convention 
for the consideration of such amendments, at the 
same time pledging the entire resources of Illi- 
nois to the National Government for the preser- 
vation of the Union and the enforcement of the 
laws. The regular session ended Feb. 22, having 
lasted forty-seven days. — Immediately following 
President Lincoln's first call for volunteers to 
suppress the rebellion. Governor Yates recon- 
vened the General Assembly in special session to 
consider and adopt methods to aid and support 
the Federal authority in preserving the Union and 
protecting the rights and property of the people. 
The two houses assembled on April 23. On April 
35 Senator Douglas addressed the members on the 
issues of the day, in response to an invitation con- 
veyed in a joint resolution. The special session 
closed May 3, 1861, and not a few of the legislators 
promptly volunteered in the Union army. 
Length of the regular session, forty-seven days; 
of the special, eleven — total fifty-eight. 

TwENTY-THiRD GENERAL ASSEMBLY was Com- 
posed of twenty-five Senators and eighty-eight 
Representatives. It convened Jan. 5, 1863, and 
was Democratic in both branches. The presiding 
ofiicer of the Senate was Lieutenant-Governor 



IIISTOrJCAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLIXOIS. 



191 



Hoffman; Samuel A. Buckmaster was elected 
Speaker of the House by a vote of fifty-three to 
twenty-five. On Jan. 12, William A. Richardson 
was elected United States Senator to succeed 
S. A. Douglas, deceased, the Republican nominee 
being Governor Yates, who received thirty-eiglit 
votes out of a total of 103 cast. Much of the time 
of the session was devoted to angrj- discussion of 
the policy of the National Government in the 
prosecution of the war. The views of the oppos- 
ing parties were expressed in majority and minor- 
ity reports from the Committee on Federal 
Relations — the former condemning and the latter 
upholding the Federal administration. The 
majority report was adopted in the House on 
Feb. 12, by a vote of fifty-two to twenty-eight, 
and the resolutions which it embodied were at 
once sent to the Senate for concurrence. Before 
they could be acted upon in that body a Demo- 
cratic Senator — J. 31. Rodgers, of Clinton County 
— died. This left the Senate politically- tied, a 
Republican presiding officer having the deciding 
vote. Consequently no action was taken at the 
time, and, on Feb. 14, the Legislature adjourned 
till June 2. Immediately upon re-assembling, 
joint resolutions relating to a sine die adjourn- 
ment were introduced in both houses. A disagree- 
ment regarding the date of such adjournment 
ensued, when Governor Yates, exercising the 
power conferred upon him by the Constitution in 
such cases, sent in a message (June 10, 1863) 
proroguing the General Assembly until "the 
Saturday next preceding the first Monday in 
January, 1865." The members of the Republican 
minority at once left the hall. The members of 
the majority convened and adjourned from day 
to day until June 24. when, having adopted an 
address to the {leojile setting forth their grievance 
and denouncing the State e.\ecutive, they took a 
recess until the Tuesday after the first Monday of 
January, 1864. Tlie action of the Governor, hav- 
ing been submitted to the Supreme Court, was 
sustained, and no further session of this General 
Assembly was held. Owing to the prominence 
of political issues, no important legislation was 
effected at this session, even the ordinary appro- 
priations for the State institutions failing. This 
caused much embarrassment to the State Govern- 
ment in meeting current expenses, but banks and 
capitaUsts came to its aid, and no important 
interest was permitted to suffer. Tlie total 
length of the session was fifty days — forty-one 
days before the recess and nine daj-s after. 

Twenty-fourth Gexer.\l Assembly convened 
Jan. 3, 1865, and remained in session fortv-six 



days. It consisted of twenty-rive Senators and 
eighty-five Representatives. The Republicans 
had a majority in both liouses. Lieutenant-Gov- 
ernor Bross presided over the Senate, and Allen 
C. Fuller, of Boone Count}-, was chosen Speaker 
of the House, over Ambrose M. Miller, Democrat, 
the vote standing 48 to 23. Governor Yates, in 
his valedictory message, reported that, notwith- 
standing the heavy expenditure attendant upon 
the enlistment and maintenance of troops, etc., 
the State debt had been reduced §987,786 in four 
years. On Jan. 4, 1865, Governor Yates was 
elected to the United States Senate, receiving 
sixty-four votes to forty tliree cast for James C. 
Robinson. Governor Oglesby was inaugurated Jan. 
16. The Thirteenth Amendment to the United 
States Constitution was ratified by this Legisla- 
ture, and sundry special appropriations made. 
Among the latter was one of §3,0(10 toward the 
State's proportion for the establishment of a 
National Cemetery at Gettysburg; $25,000 for 
the purchase of the land on which is the tomb 
of the deceased Senator Douglas; besides sums 
for establisliing a home for Soldiers' Orphans and 
an experimental school for the training of idiots 
and feeble-minded children. The first act for 
the registry of legal voters was passed at this 
session. 

Twenty-fifth Gener.\l Assembly. This 
body held one regular and two special sessions. 
It first convened and organized on Jan. 7, 1867. 
Lieutenant-Governor Bross presided over the 
upper, and Franklin Corwin, of La Salle County, 
over the lower house. The Governor (Oglesby), 
in his message, reported a reduction of §2,607,938 
in the State debt during the two years preceding, 
and recommended various appropriations for pub- 
lic purposes. He also urged the calling of a Con- 
vention to amend the Constitution. On Jan. 15, 
Lyman Trumbull was chosen United States Sena- 
tor, the complimentary Democratic vote being 
given to T. Lyle Dickey, who received thirty- 
three votes out of 109. The regular session lasted 
fifty-three days, adjourning Feb. 28. The Four- 
teenth Amendment to the United States Constitu- 
tion was ratified and important legislation enacted 
relative to State taxation and the regulation of 
public warehou.ses : a State Board of Eciualization 
of Assessments was established, and the office of 
Attorney-General created. (Under this law 
Robert G. IngersoU was the first appointee.) 
Provision was made for the erection of a new 
St.ate House, to establish a Reform School for 
Juvenile Offenders, and for the support of other 
State institutions. The first special session con- 



192 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



vened on June 11, 1867, having been summoned 
to consider questions relating to internal revenue. 
The lessee of the penitentiary having siurendered 
his lease without notice, the Governor found it 
necessary to make immediate provision for the 
management of that institution. Not having 
included this matter in his original call, no ne- 
cessity then existing, he at once summoned a 
second special session, before the adjournment 
of the first. This convened on June U, remained 
in session until June 28, and adopted what is 
substantially the present penitentiary law of the 
State. This General Assembly was in session 
seventy-one days — fifty-three at the regular, 
three at the first special session and fifteen at the 
second. 

Twenty-sixth General Assembly convened 
Jan. 4, 1869. The Republicans had a majority in 
each house. The newly elected Lieutenant-Gov- 
ernor, John Dougherty, presided in the Senate, 
and Franklin Corvvin. of Peru, was again chosen 
Speaker of the House. Gpvernor Oglesby sub- 
mitted his final message at the opening of the 
session, showing a total reduction in the State 
debt during his term of §4,743,821. Governor 
John M. Palmer was inaugurated Jan. 11. The 
most important acts passed by this Legislature 
were the following: Calling the Constitutional 
Convention of 1869; ratifying the Fifteenth 
Amendment to the United States Constitution ; 
granting well behaved convicts a reduction in 
their terms of imprisonment ; for the prevention 
of cruelty to animals ; providing for the regula- 
tion of freights and fares on railroads; estab- 
lishing the Southern Normal University; pro- 
viding for the erection of the Northern Insane 
Hospital; and establishing a Board of Com- 
missioners of Public Charities. The celebrated 
"Lake Front Bill," especially affecting the 
interests of the city of Chicago, occupied a 
great deal of time during this session, and 
though finally passed over the Governor's veto, 
was repealed in 1873. This session was inter- 
rupted by a recess which extended from March 
.12 to April 13. The Legislature re-assem- 
bled April 14, and adjourned, sine die, April 20, 
having been in actual .session seventy-foiu- days. 

Twenty-seventh General Assembly had 
four sessions, one regular, two special and one 
adjourned. The first convened Jan. 4, 1871, and 
adjourned on April 17, having lasted 104 days, 
when a recess was taken to Nov. 15 following. 
The body was made up of fifty Senators and 177 
Representatives. The Republicans again con- 
trolled both houses, electing William M. Smith, 



Speaker (over William R. Morrison, Democrat), 
while Lieutenant-Governor Dougherty presided in 
the Senate. The latter occupied the Hall of Rep- 
resentatives in the old State Capitol, while the 
House held its sessions in a new church edifice 
erected by the Second Presbyterian Church. 
John A. Logan was elected United States Sena- 
tor, defeating Thomas J. Turner (Democrat) by a 
vote, on joint ballot, of 131 to 89. This was the 
first Illinois Legislature to meet after the adoption 
of the Constitution of 1870, and its time was 
mainly devoted to framing, discu.ssing and pass- 
ing laws required by the changes in the organic 
law of the State. The first special session opened 
on May 24 and closed on June 22, 1871, continu- 
ing thirty days. It was convened by Governor 
Palmer to make additional appropriations for the 
necessary expenses of the State Government and 
for the continuance of work on the new State 
House. The purpose of the Governor in sum- 
moning the second special session %vas to provide 
financial relief for the city of Chicago after the 
great fire of Oct. 9-11, 1871. Members were sum- 
moned by special telegrams and were in their 
seats Oct. 13, continuing in session to Oct. 24 
— twelve days. Governor Palmer had already 
suggested a plan by which the State might 
aid the stricken city without doing violence 
to either the spirit or letter of the new Con- 
stitution, which expressly prohibited special 
legislation. Chicago had advanced §2,500,000 
toward the completion of the Illinois & Michigan 
Canal, under the pledge of the State that this 
outlay should be made good. The Legislature 
voted an appropriation sufficient to pay both 
principal and interest of this loan, amounting, in 
round numbers, to about §3,000,000. The ad- 
journed se.ssion opened on Nov. 15, 1871, and came 
to an end on April 9, 1872 — having continued 147 
daj's. It was entirely devoted to considering and 
adopting legislation germane to the new Consti- 
tution. The total length of all sessions of this 
General Assembly was 293 days. 

Twenty-eighth General Assembly convened 
Jan. 8, 1873. It was composed of fiftj'-one Sena- 
tors and 153 Representatives; the upper house 
standing thirty-three Republicans to eighteen 
Democrats, and the lower, eighty-six Republicans 
to sixty-seven Democrats. The Senate chose 
John Early, of Winnebago, President pro temj^ore, 
and Shelby M. CuUom was elected Speaker of the 
House. Governor Oglesby was inaugurated Jan. 
13, but, eight days later, was elected to the United 
States Senate, being succeeded in the Governor- 
ship by Lieut. -Gov. John L. Beveridge. An 



niSTOEICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



193 



appropriation of §1,000,000 was made for carrying 
on the work on the new capitol and various other 
acts of a public character passed, tlie most impor- 
tant being an amendment of tlie railroad law of 
the previous session. On May (i, the Legislature 
adjourned until Jan. 8, 1874. The purpose of the 
recftss was to enable a Commission on the Revision 
of the Laws to complete a report. The work was 
duly completed and nearly all the titles reported 
by the Commissioners were adopted at the 
adjourned session. An adjournment, sine die, 
was taken March 31, 1874 — the two sessions 
having lasted, respectively, 119 and 83 days- 
total 203, 

Twenty-ninth General Assembly convened 
Jan 6, 1875. While the Republicans had a plu- 
rality in both houses, they were defeated in an 
effort to secure their organization through a 
fusion of Democrats and Independents. A. A. 
Glenn (Democrat) was elected President pro tem- 
pore of the Senate (becoming acting Lieutenant- 
Governor), and Elijah M. Haines was chosen 
presiding officer of the lower house. The leaders 
on both sides of the Chamber were aggressive, 
and the session, as a whole, was one of the most 
turbulent and disorderly in the history of the 
State. Little legislation of vital importance 
(outside of regular appropriation bills) was 
enacted. This Legislature adjourned, April 1.5, 
having been in session 100 days. 

Thirtieth General Assembly convened Jan. 
3; 1877, and adjourned, sine die, on May 24. The 
Democrats and Independents in the Senate united 
in securing control of that body, although the 
House was Republican. Fawcett Plimib, of La 
Salle (Dounty, was. chosen President pro tempore 
of the upper, and James Shaw Speaker of tlie 
lower, house. The inauguration of State officers 
took place Jan. 8. Shelby M. CuUom becoming 
Governor and Andrew Shuman, Lieutenant-CJov- 
ernor. This was one of the most exciting years 
in American political historj- Both of the domi- 
nant parties claimed to have elected the President, 
and the respective votes in the Electoral College 
were so close as to excite grave apprehension in 
many minds. It was also the year for the choice 
of a Senator by the Illinois Legislature, and the 
attention of the entire country was directed 
toward this State. Gen. John M. Palmer was 
the nominee of the Democratic caucus and John 
A. Logan of the Republicans. On the twenty- 
fourth ballot the name of General Logan was 
withdrawn, most of the Republican vote going 
to Charlas B. Lawrence, and the Democrats going 
over to David Davis, who, although an original 



Republican and friend of Lincoln, and Justice of 
the Supreme Court by appointment of Mr.Lin- 
coln, had become an Independent Democrat. On 
the fortieth ballot (taken Jan. 25). Judge Davis 
received 101 votes, to 94 for Judge I^awrenx 
(Republican) and five scattering, thus securing 
Davis' election. Not many acts of vital impor- 
tance were passed by this Legislature. Appellate 
Courts were established and new judicial districts 
created; the original jurisdiction of county 
courts was enlarged; better safeguards were 
tlirown about miners; measures looking at once 
to tlie supervision and protection of railroads were 
passed, as well as various laws relating chiefly to 
tlie police administration of the State and of 
municipalities. The length of the session was 
142 days. 

Thirty-first General Assembly convened 
Jan. 8, 1879, with a Republican majority in each 
house. Andrew Shuman, the newly elected Lieu- 
tenant-Governor, presided in the Senate, and 
William A. James of Lake County was chosen 
Speaker of the House. John M. Hamilton of 
McLean County (afterwards Governor), was 
chosen President pro tempore of the Senate. 
John A. Logan was elected United .States Senator 
on Jan. 21, the complimentary Democratic vote 
being given to Gen. John C. Black. Various 
laws of public importance were enacted by this 
Legislature, among them b(nng one creating the 
Bureau of Labor Statistics; the first oleomargar- 
ine l.'ivv; a drainage and levee act; a l.aw for the 
reorganization of the militia; an act for the 
regulation of pawnbrokers; a law limiting the 
pardoning power, and various laws looking 
toward the supervision and control of railways. 
The session lasted 144 days, and the Assembly 
adjourned, sine die. May 31, 1879. 

Thirty SECOND General Assembly convened 
Jan. 5. 1S81, the IJppublicans having a majority 
in both branches. Lieutenant-Governor H.amil- 
ton presided in the Senate, William J. Camptell 
of Cook County being elected Presitlent pro tem- 
pore. Horace H. Thomas, also of Cook, was 
chosen Speaker of the House. Besides the rou- 
tine legislation, the most important measures 
enacted by this Assembly were laws to prevent 
the spread of pleuro-pneumonia among cattle: 
regulating the sale of firearms: providing more 
.stringent penalties for tlie adulteration of food, 
drink or medicine; regulating the practice of 
pharmacy and dentistry; amending the revenue 
and school laws; and requiring annual statements 
from official custodians of jiublic moneys. The 
Legislature adjourned Slay 30, after having been 



19-t 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



in session 146 days, but was called together again 
in special session by the Governor on March 23, 
1882, to pass new Legislative and Congressional 
Apportionment Laws, and for the consideration 
of other subjects. The special session lasted 
forty-four days, adjourning Jlay 5 — both sessions 
occupying a total, of 190 days. 

Thikty-third General Assembly convened 
Jan. 2, 1883, with the Republicans again in the 
majority in both houses. William J. Campbell 
was re-elected President pro tempore of the 
Senate, but not until the sixty-first ballot, six 
Republicans refusing to be bound by the nomina- 
tion of a caucus held prior to their arrival at 
Springfield. Loren C. Collins,' also of Cook, was 
elected Speaker of the House. The compliment- 
ary Democratic vote was given to Thomas M. Shaw 
in the Senate, and to Austin O. Sexton in the 
House. Governor Cullom, the Republican caucus 
nominee, was elected United States Senator, Jan. 
16, receiving a majority in each branch of the 
General Assembly. The celebrated "Harper 
High-License Bill," and the first "Compulsory 
School Law"" were passed at this session, the 
other acts being of ordinary character. The 
Legislature adjourned June 18, having been in 
session 168 days. 

Thirty-fourth General Assembly convened 
Jan. 7, 1885. The Senate was Republican by a 
majority of one, there being twenty -six members 
of that party, twenty-four Democrats and one 
greenback Democrat. William J. Campbell, of 
Cook Count}', was for the third time chosen 
President pro tempore. The House stood seventy- 
six Republicans and seventy-six Democrats, witli 
one member — Elijah M. Haines of Lake County — 
calUng himself an "Independent. " The contest 
for the Speakership continued until Jan. 29, 
when, neither party being able to elect its nomi- 
nee, the Democrats took up Haines as a candidate 
and placed liim in the chair, with Haines' assist- 
ance, filling the minor ofiices with their own 
men. After the inauguration of Governor 
Oglesby, Jan. 30, the first business was the elec- 
tion of a United States Senator. The balloting 
proceeded until May 18, when John A. Logan re- 
ceived 103 votes to ninety-six for Lambert Tree and 
five scattering. Three members — one RepubUcan 
and two Democrats — had died since the opening 
of the session ; and it was through the election of 
a Republican in place of one of the deceased 
Democrats, that the Republicans succeeded in 
electing their candidate. Tlie .session was a 
stormy one througliout. the Speaker being, much 
of the time, at odds with the House, and an 



unsuccessful effort was made to depose him. 
Charges of bribery against certain members were 
preferred and investigated, but no definite result 
was reached. Among the important measures 
passed by tliis Legislature were the following: A 
joint resolution providing for submission of an 
amendment to the Constitution prohibiting con- 
tract labor in penal institutions; providing by 
resolution for the appointment of a non-partisan 
Commission of twelve to draft a new revenue 
code ; the Crawford primary election law ; an act 
amending the code of criminal procedure ; estab- 
lishing a Soldiers' and Sailors' Home, subse- 
quently located at Quincy ; creating a Live-Stock 
Commission and appropriating §531,712 for the 
completion of the State House. The Assembly 
adjourned, sine die, June 26, 1885, after a session 
of 171 days. 

Thirty-fifth General Assembly convened 
Jan. 5, 1887. The Republicans had a majority of 
twelve in the Senate and three in the House. 
For President pro tempore of the Senate, August 
W. Berggren was chosen; for Speaker of the 
House, Dr. William F. Calhoun, of De Witt 
County. The death of General Logan, which 
had occurred Dec. 26, 1886, was officially an- 
nounced by Governor Oglesby^ and, on Jan. 18, 
Charles B. Farwell was elected to succeed him as 
United States Senator. William R. Morrison and 
Benjamin W. Goodhue were the candidates of 
the Democratic and Labor parties, respectively. 
Some of the most important laws passed by this 
General Assembly were the following; Amend- 
ing the law relating to the spread of contagious 
diseases among cattle, etc. ; the Chase bill to 
prohibit book-making and pool-selling; regulat- 
ing trust companies; making the Trustees of 
the University of Illinois elective; inhibiting 
aliens from holding real estate, and forbidding 
the marriage of first cousins. An act virtually 
creating a new State banking system was also 
passed, subject to ratification by popular vote. 
Other acts, having more particular reference to 
Chicago and Cook County, were: a law making 
cities and counties responsible for three-fourths 
of the damage resulting from mobs and riots ; the 
Merritt conspiracy law; the Gibbs Jury Commis- 
sion law, and an act for the suppression of 
bucket-shop gambling. The session ended June 
15, 1887. having continued 162 days. 

Thirty-sixth General Assembly convened 
Jan. 7, 1889, in its first (or regular) session, the 
Republicans being largely in the majority. The 
Senate elected Theodore S. Chapman of Jersey 
County, President pro tempore, and the House 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



195 



Asa C Mattliews of Pike County, Speaker. Mr. 
Matthews was appointed First Comptroller of the 
Treasury by President Harrison, on May 9 (see 
Matthews, Ana C. ), and resigned the Speakership 
on the following day. He was succeeded by 
James H. Miller of Stark County. Shelby M. 
CuUoni was re-elected to the United States Senate 
on January 22. the Democrats again voting for 
ex-Gov. John M. Palmer. The "Sanitarj' Drain- 
age District Law," designed for the benefit of the 
city of Chicago, was enacted at this session ; an 
asylum for insane criminals was established at 
Chester; the annexation of cities, towns, villages, 
etc., under certain conditions, was authorized; 
more stringent legislation was enacted relative to 
the circulation of obscene literature ; a new com- 
pulsory education law was pa.ssed, and the em- 
ployment on public works of aliens who had not 
declared their intention of becoming citizens was 
prohibited. This session ended, Slay 28. A 
special session was convened by Governor Fifer 
on July 24, 1890. to frame and adopt legislation 
rendered necessary by the Act of Congress locat- 
ing the World's Columbian Exposition at Chicago. 
Mr. Miller liaving died in the interim, William G. 
Cochran, of Moultrie County, was chosen Speaker 
of the House. The special session concluded 
Aug. 1, 1890, having enacted the following meas- 
ures; An Act granting the use of all State lands, 
(submerged or other) in or adjacent to Chicago, to 
the World's Columbian E.xpositiou for a period to 
extend one year after the closing of the Exposi- 
tion ; authorizing the Chicago Boards of Park 
Commissioners to grant the use of the public 
parks, or any part thereof, to promote the objects 
of such Exposition ; a joint resolution providing 
for the submission to the people of a Constitu- 
tional Amendment granting to the city of Chicago 
the power (provided a majority of the qualified 
voters desired it) to issue bonds to an amount not 
exceeding .$.'),()00,000, the same to bear interest 
and the proceeds of tjieir sale to be turned over 
to the Exposition 5Ianagers to be devoted to the 
use and for the benefit of the Exposition. (See 
also World's Columbian E^'j^osition.) The total 
length of the two sessions was I.jO days. 

Thirty-seventh General Assembly convened 
Jan. 7, 1891, and adjourned June 12 following. 
Lieut. -Gov. Ray presided in the Senate, Milton 
W. Matthews (Republican), of Urbana, being 
elected President pro tem. The Democrats had 
control in the Hou.se and elected Clayton E. 
Crafts, of Cook County, Speaker. The most 
exciting feature of the session was the election of 
a United States Senator to succeed Charles B. 



Farwell. Neither of the two leading parties had 
a majority on joint ballot, the balance of power 
being held by three "Independent" members of 
the House, who had been elected as represent- 
atives of the Farmers' Mutual Benevolent Alli- 
ance. Richard J. Oglesby was the caucus 
nominee of the Republicans and John M. Palmer 
of the Democrats. For a time the Independents 
stood as a unit for A. J. Streeter, but later two of 
the three voted for ex-Governor Pahiier, finally, 
on March 11, securing his election on the 154th 
ballot in joint session. Meanwhile, the Repub- 
licans had cast tentative ballots for ALson J. 
Streeter and Cicero J. Lindley, in hope of draw- 
ing the Independents to their support, but without 
effective result. The final ballot stood — Palmer, 
103; Lindley, 101, Streeter 1. Of 1,296 bills intro- 
duced in both Houses at this session, only 151 
became laws, the most important being: The 
Australian ballot law, and acts regulating build- 
ing and loan associations ; prohibiting the employ- 
ment of children under thirteen at manual labor ; 
fixing the legal rate of interest at seven per cent ; 
prohibiting the "truck system" of paying em- 
ployes, and granting the right of suffrage to 
women in the election of school oflScers. An 
amendment of the State Constitution permitting 
the submission of two Constitutional Amend- 
ments to the people at the same time, was sub- 
mitted by this Legislature and ratified at the 
election of 1892. The session covered a period of 
l.")* days. 

Thirty-eighth General Assembly. This 
bod)- convened Jan. 4, 1893. The Democrats were 
in the ascendency in both houses, having a 
majority of seven in the Senate and of three in 
the lower house. Joseph R. Gill, the Lieutenant- 
Governor, was ex-oflficio President of the Senate, 
and John W. Coppinger, of Alton, was chosen 
President pro tem. Clayton E. Crafts of Cook 
County was again chosen Speaker of the House. 
The inauguration of the new .State ofl^icers took 
place on the afternoon of Tuesdaj-, Jan. 10. This 
Legislature was in session 1G4 days, adjourning 
June 10, 1893. Not very much legislation of a 
general character was enacted. New Congres- 
sional and Legislative apportionments were 
passed, the former dividing the State into twent)'- 
two districts; an Insurance Department was 
created; a naval militia was established; the 
scope of the juvenile reformatory was enlarged 
and the compulsory education law was amended. 

Thirty-ninth General Assembly. This 
Legislature held two sessions — a regular and a 
special. The former opened Jan. 9, 1895, and 



19G 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



closed June 14, following. The political com- 
plexion of the Senate was — Republicans, thirty- 
three; Democrats, eighteen; of the House, 
ninety-two Republicans and sixty-one Democrats. 
John Meyer, of Cook County, was elected Speaker 
of the House, and Charles Bogardus of Piatt 
County, President pro tern, of the Senate. Acts 
were passed making appropriations for improve- 
ment of the State Fair Grounds at Springfield; 
authorizing the establishment of a Western Hos- 
pital for the Insane (5100,000) ; appropriating 
$100,000 for a Western Hospital for the Insane; 
$65,000 for an A.syluni for Incurable Insane; §50,- 
000, each, for two additional Normal Schools — one 
in Northern and the other in Eastern Illinois; 
$35,000 for a Soldiers' Widows' Home— all being 
new institutions — besides §15,000 for a State 
exhibition at the Atlanta Exposition; §65.000 to 
mark, by monuments, the position of Illinois 
troops on the battlefields of Chickamauga, Look- 
out Mountain and Missionary Ridge. Other acts 
passed fixed the salaries of members of the Gen- 
eral Assembly at $1,000 each for each regular 
session; accepted the custody of the Lincoln 
monument at Springfield, authorized provision 
for the retirement and pensioning of teachers in 
public schools, and authorized the adoption of 
civil service rules for cities. The special session 
convened, pursuant to a call by the Governor, on 
June 25, 1895, took a recess, June 28 to July 9, 
re-assembled on the latter date, and adjourned, 
sine die, August 2. Outside of routine legisla- 
tion, no laws were passed except one providing 
additional necessary revenue for State pm-poses 
and one creating a State Board of Arbitration. 
The regular session continued 157 days and the 
special twenty-nine — total 186. 

Fortieth General Assembly met in regular 
session at Springfield, Jan. 6, 1897, and adjourned, 
sine die, June 4. The Republicans had a major- 
ity in both branches, the House standing eighty- 
eight Republicans to sixty -three Democrats and 
two Populists, and the Senate, thirty-nine Repub- 
licans to eleven Democrats and one Populist, 
giving the Republicans a majority on joint ballot 
of fifty votes. Both houses were promptly organ- 
ized by the election of Republican officers, Edward 
C. Curtis of Kankakee County being chosen 
Speaker of the House, and Hendrick V. Fisher, 
of Henry County, President pro tem. of the Sen- 
ate. Governor Tanner and the other Republican 
State officers were formally inaugurated on 
Jan. 11, and, on Jan. 20, William E. Mason 
(Republican) was chosen United States Senator 
to succeed John M. Palmer, receiving in joint 



session 125 votes to seventy -seven for John P. 
Altgeld (Democrat) . Among the principal laws 
enacted at this session were the following: An 
act concerning aliens and to regulate the right to 
hold real estate, and prescribing the terms and 
conditions for the conveyance of the same; 
empowering the Commissioners who were ap- 
pointed at the previous session to ascertain and 
mark the positions occupied by Illinois Volunteers 
in the battles of Chickamauga, Lookout Moun- 
tain and Missionary Ridge, to exjiend the remain- 
ing appropriations in their hands for the erection 
of monuments on the battle-grounds ; authorizing 
the appointment of a similar Commission to 
ascertain and mark the positions held by Illinois 
troops in the battle of Shiloh ; to reimburse the 
University of Illinois for the loss of funds result- 
ing from the Spaulding defalcation and affirming 
the liability of the State for "the endowment 
fund of the University, amounting to $456,712.91, 
and for so much in addition as may be received 
in future from the sale of lands' ' ; authorizing 
the adoption of the "Torrens land-title system" in 
the conveyance and registration of land titles by 
vote of the people in any county ; the consoUda- 
tion of the three Supreme Court Districts of the 
State into one and locating the Court at Spring- 
field; creating a State Board of Pardons, and 
prescribing the manner of applying for pardons 
and commutations. An act of this session, which 
produced much agitation and led to a great deal 
of discussion in the press and elsewhere, was the 
street railroad law empowering the City Council, 
or other corporate authority of any city, to grant 
franchises to street railway companies extending 
to fifty years. This act was repealed by the 
General Assembly of 1899 before any street rail- 
way corporation had secured a franchise under it. 
A special session was called by Governor Tanner 
to meet Dec. 7, 1897, the proclamation naming 
five topics for legislative action. The session 
continued to Feb. 24, 1898, only two of the meas- 
ures named by the Governor in his call being 
affirmatively acted upon. These included: (1) an 
elaborate act prescribing the manner of conduct- 
ing primary elections of delegates to nominating 
conventions, and (2) a new revenue law regulat- 
ing the manner of assessing and collecting taxes. 
One provision of the latter law limits the valuation 
of property for assessment purposes to one-fifth 
its cash value. The length of the regular session 
was 150 days, and that of the special session 
eighty days — total, 230 days. 

GEJfESEO, a city in Henry County, about two 
miles south of the Green River. It is on the Chi- 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



197 



cago, Rook Island & Pacific Railway, 23 miles 
east of Rock Island and 75 miles west of Ottawa. 
It is in the heart of a grain-growing region, and 
has two large grain elevators. Manufacturing is 
also carried on to a considerable extent here, 
furniture, wagons and farming implements con- 
stituting the chief output. Geneseo has eleven 
churches, a graded and a high school, a col- 
legiate institute, two banks, and two newspapers, 
one issuing a daily edition. Population (1890), 
3,183; (1900), 3,356. 

GENEVA, a city and railway junction on Fox 
River, and the county -seat of Kane County; 35 
miles west of Chicago. It has a fine courthouse, 
completed in 1892 at a cost of S25U.000, and 
numerous handsome churches and school build- 
ings. A State Reformatory for juvenile female 
offenders has been located here. There is an ex- 
cellent water-power, operating six manufac- 
tories, including extensive glucose wcrk.s. The 
town has a bank, creamery, water-works, gas 
and electric light plant, and two weeklj- news- 
papers. The surrounding country is devoted to 
agriculture and dairy farming. Population 
(1880), 1,239; (1890), 1,692; (1900), 2,446. 

GENOA, a village of De Kalb County, on 
Omaha Division of the Chi., Mil. & St. Paul, the 
111. Cent, and Chi. & N. W. Railroads, 59 miles west 
of Chicago. Dairying is a leading industry; has 
two banks, shoe and telephone factories, and two 
newspapers. Population (1890). 634; (1900), 1,140. 

GEOLOGICAL FORMATIONS. The geological 
structure of Illinois embraces a representation, 
more or less complete, of the whole paleonic 
series of formations, from the calciferous group 
of the Lower Silurian to the top of the coal meas- 
ures. In addition to these older rocks there is a 
limited area in the extreme southern end of the 
State covered with Tertiary deposits. Over- 
spreading these formations are beds of more 
recent age, comprising sands, clays and gravel, 
varying in thickness from ten to more than two 
hundred feet. These superficial deposits may be 
divided into Alluvium, Loess and Drift, and con- 
stitute the Quaternary system of modern geolo- 
gists. 

Lower Silurian System.— Under this heading 
maybe noted three distinct groups; the Calcifer- 
ous, the Trenton and the Cincinnati. The first 
mentioned group comprises the St. Peter's Sand- 
stone and the Lower Magnesian Limestone. The 
former outcrops only at a single locality, in La 
Salle County, extending about two miles along 
the valley of the Illinois River in the vicinity of 
Utica. The thickness of the strata appearing 



above the surface is about 80 feet, thin bands of 
Magnesian limestone alternating with layers of 
Calciferous sandstone. Many of the layers con- 
tain good hydraulic rock, which is utilized in the 
manufacture of cement. The entire thickness of 
the rock below the surface has not been ascer- 
tained, but is estimated at about 400 feet. The 
St. Peter's Sandstone outcrops in the valley of 
the Illinois, constituting the main portion of the 
bluffs from Utica to a point beyond Ottawa, and 
forms the "bed rock" in most of the northern 
townships of La Salle County. It also outcrops 
on the Rock River in the vicinity of Oregon City, 
and forms a conspicuous bluff on the Mississippi 
in Calhoun County. Its maximum thickness in 
the State may be estimated at about 200 feet. It 
is too incoherent in its texture to be valuable as 
a building stone, though some of the upper strata 
in Lee County have been utilized for caps and 
sills. It affords, however, a fine quality of sand 
for the manufacture of glass. The Trenton 
group, which immediately overlies the St. Peter's 
Sandstone, consists of three divisions. The low- 
est is a brown Magnesian Limestone, or Dolomite, 
usually found in regular beds, or strata, varying 
from four inches to two feet in thickness. The 
aggregate thickness varies from twenty feet, in 
the northern portion of the State, to sixty or 
seventy feet at the bluff in Calhoun County. At 
the quarries in La Salle County, it abounds in 
fossils, including a large Lituites and several 
specimens of Orthoceras, Maclurea, etc. The 
middle division of the Trenton group consists of 
light gray, compact limestones in the southern 
and western parts of the State, and of light blue, 
thin-bedded, shaly limestone in the northern por- 
tions. The upper division is the well-known 
Galena limestone, the lead-bearing rock of the 
Northwest. It is a buff colored, porous Dolomite, 
sometimes arenaceous and unevenly textured, 
giving origin to a ferruginous, sandy clay when 
decomposed. The lead ores occur in crevices, 
caverns and horizontal seams. These crevices were 
probably formed by shrinkage of the strata from 
crystallization or by some disturbing force from 
beneath, and have been enlarged by decomposi- 
tion of the exposed surface. Fossils belonging to 
a lower order of marine animal than the coral are 
found in this rock, as are also marine shells, 
corals and crustaceans. Although this limestone 
crops out over a considerable portion of the terri- 
tory between the Mississippi and the Rock River, 
the productive lead mines are chiefly confined to 
Jo Daviess and Stephenson Counties. All the 
divisions of the Trenton group afford good build- 



108 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



ing material, some of the rock being susceptible 
of a high polish and making a handsome, durable 
marble. About seventy feet are exposed near 
Thebes, in Alexander County. All through the 
Southwest this stone is known as Cape Girardeau 
marble, from its being extensively quarried at 
Cape Girardeau, Mo. The Cincinnati group 
immediately succeeds the Trenton in the ascend- 
ing scale, and forms the uppermost member of 
the Lower Silurian system. It usually consists of 
argillaceous and sandy shales, although, in the 
northwest portion of the State, Magnesian lime- 
stone is found with the shales. Tlie prevailing 
colors of the beds are light blue and drab, 
weathering to a light ashen gray. This group is 
found well exposed in the vicinity of Thebes, 
Alexander County, furnishing a durable building 
stone extensively used for foundation walls. 
Fossils are found in profusion in all the beds, 
many fine specimens, in a perfect state of preser- 
vation, having been exhumed. 

Upper Silurian System. — The Niagara group 
in Northern Illinois consists of brown, gray and 
buff magnesian limestones, sometimes evenly 
bedded, as at JoUet and Athens, and sometimes 
concretionary and brecciated, as at Bridgeport and 
Port Byron. Near Chicago the cells and pockets 
of this rock are filled with petroleum, but it has 
been ascertained that only the thirty upper feet 
of the rock contain bituminous matter. The 
quarries in Will and Jersey Counties furnish fine 
building and flagging stone. The rock is of a 
light gray color, changing to buff on exposure. 
In Pike and Calhoun Counties, also, there are out- 
croppings of this rock and quarries are numerous. 
It is usualh' evenly bedded, the strata varj'ing in 
thickness from two inches to two feet, and break- 
ing evenly. Its aggregate thickness in Western 
and Northern Illinois ranges from fifty to 150 
feet. In Union and Alexander Counties, in the 
southern part of the State, the Upper Silurian 
series consists chiefly of thin bedded gray or 
buff-colored limestone, silicious and cherty, flinty 
material largely preponderating over the lime- 
stone. Fossils are not abundant in this formation, 
although the quarries at Bridgeport, in Cook 
County, have afforded casts of nearly 100 species 
of marine organisms, the calcareous portion hav- 
ing been washed away. 

Devon'ian System. — This system is represented 
in Illinois by three well marked divisions, cor- 
responding to the Oriskany sandstone, the Onon- 
daga limestone and the Hamilton and Corniferous 
beds of New York. To these the late Professor 
Worthen, for many years State Geologist, added, 



although with some hesitancj', the black shale 
formation of Illinois. Although tliese comprise 
an aggregate thickness of over 500 feet, their 
exposure is limited to a few isolated outcroppings 
along the bluffs of the Illinois, Mississippi and 
Rock Rivers. The lower division, called "Clear 
Creek Limestone," is about 250 feet thick, and is 
only found in the extreme southern end of the 
State. It consists of chert, or impure flint, and 
thin-bedded silico-magnesian limestones, rather 
compact in texture, and of buff or light gray 
to nearly white colors. When decomposed by 
atmospheric influences, it forms a fine white clay, 
resembling common chalk in appearance. Some 
of the cherty beds resemble burr stones in poros- 
ity, and good mill-stones are made therefrom in 
Union County. Some of the stone is bluish-gray, 
or mottled and crystalline, capable of receiving 
a high polish, and making an elegant and durable 
building stone. The Onondaga group comprises 
some sixty feet of quartzose sandstone and 
striped silicious shales. The structure of the 
rock is almost identical with that of St. Peter's 
Sandstone. In the vicinity of its outcrop in 
Union County are found fine beds of potter's clay, 
also variegated in color. The rock strata are 
about twenty feet thick, evenly bedded and of a 
coarse, granular structure, which renders the 
stone valuable for heavy masonry. The group 
has not been found north of Jackson County. 
Large quantities of characteristic fossils abound. 
The rooks composing the Hamilton group are the 
most valuable of all the divisions of the Devonian 
system, and the outcrops can be identified only by 
their fossils. In Union and Jackson Counties it is 
found from eighty to 100 feet in thickne.ss, two 
beds of bluish gray, fetid limestone being sepa- 
rated by about twenty feet of calcareous shales. 
The limestones are highly bituminous. In Jersey 
and Calhoun Counties the group is only six to 
ten feet thick, and consists of a hard, silicious 
limestone, passing at some points into a quartzose 
sandstone, and at others becoming argillaceous, 
as at Grafton. The most northern outcrop is in 
Rock Island County, where the rock is concretion- 
arj' in structure and is utilized for building pur- 
poses and in the manufacture of quicklime. 
Fossils are numerous, among them being a few 
fragments of fishes, which are the oldest remains 
of vertebrate animals yet found in the State. 
The black shale probably attains its maximtun 
development in Union County, where it ranges 
from fifty to seventy-five feet in thickness. Its 
lower portion is a fine, black, laminated slate, 
sometimes closely resembling the bituminous 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLIXOIS. 



199 



shales associated with tlie coal seams, wliieli cir- 
cumstance has led to tl>e fruitless expenditure of 
much time and monej'. The bituminous portion 
of the mass, on distillation, yields an oil closely 
resembling petroleum. Crystals of iron pyrites 
are abundant in the argillaceous portion of the 
group, which does noi. extend north of the coun- 
ties of Calhoun, Jersey and Pike. 

Lower Carboniferous System. — This is di- 
visible into five groups, as follows: The Kinder- 
hook group, the Burlington limestone, and the 
Keokuk, St. Louis and Chester groups. Its 
greatest development is in the southern jiortion 
of the State, wliere it has a thickness of 1,400 or 
1,500 feet. It thins out to the northward so rapidly 
that, in the vicinity of the Lower Rapids on tlie 
Mississippi, it is onlj' 300 feet thick, while it 
wholly disappears below Rock Island. The Kinder- 
hook group is variable in its lithological charac- 
ter, consisting of argillaceous and sandy shales, 
with thin beds of compac^t and oolitic limestone, 
passing locally into calcareous shales or impure 
limestone. The entire formation is mainly a 
mechanical sediment, with but a very small por- 
tion of organic matter. The Burlington lime- 
stone, on the other hand, is compo.sed almost 
entirely of the fossilized remains of organic 
beings, with barely enough sedimentary material 
to act as a cement. Its maximum thickness 
scarcely exceeds 200 feet, and its principal out- 
crops are in the counties of Jersey, Greene, Scott, 
Calhoun, Pike, Adams, Warren and Henderson. 
The rock is usually a liglit gray, buff or brown 
limestone, either coarsely granular or crystalline 
in structure. The Keokuk group immediately 
succeeds the Burlington in the a.scending order, 
with no well defined line of demarcation, the 
chief points of difference between the two being 
in color and in the character of fossils found. At 
the ui)per part of this group is found a bed of 
calcareo-argillaceous shale, containing a great 
variety of geodes, which furnish beautiful cabinet 
specimens of crystallized quartz, chalcedony, 
dolomite and iron pj-rites. In Jersey and Monroe 
Counties a bed of hydraulic limestone, adapted to 
the manufacture of cement, is found at the top of 
this formation. The St. Louis group is partly 
a fine-grained or semi-crj-stallized bluisli-gray 
limestone, and partlj' concretionary, as around 
Alton. In the extreme southern part of the State 
the rock is highly bituminous and susceptible of 
receiving a high polish, being used as a black 
marble. Beds of magnesian limestone are found 
here and there, which furnish a good stone for 
foundation walls. In Hardin County, the rock 



is traversed by veins of fluor spar, carrying 
galena and zinc blonde. The Chester group is 
only found in the southern part of the State, 
thinning out from a thickness of eight hundred 
feet in Jackson and Randolph Counties, to about 
twenty feet at Alton. It consists of hard, gray, 
crystalline, argillaceous lime.stones, alternating 
with sandy ami argillaceous sliales and sandstones, 
which locally replace each other. A few species 
of true carboniferous flora are found in the are- 
naceous shales and sandstones of this group, the 
earliest traces of pre-historic land plants found in 
the State. Outcrops extend in a narrow belt 
from the southern part of Hardin County to the 
southern line of St. Clair County, passing around 
the southwest border of the coal field. 

Upper Carboniferous System.— This includes 
the Conglomerate, or "'Mill Stone Grit" of Euro- 
pean authors, and the true coal measures. In the 
southern portion of the State its greatest thick- 
ness is about 1,200 feet. It becomes thinner 
toward the north, scarcely exceeding 400 or 500 
feet in the vicinity of La Salle. The word "con- 
glomerate"' designates a thick bed of sandstone 
that lies at the base of the coal measures, and 
appears to have resulted from the culmination of 
tlie arenaceous sedimentary accunudations. It 
consists of massive quartzose sandstone, some- 
times nearly white, but more frequently stained 
red or brown by the ferruginous matter which 
it contains, and is frequently composed in 
part of rounded quartz pebbles, from the size 
of a pea to several inches in diameter. When 
highly ferruginous, the oxide of iron cements 
the .sand into a hard crust on the surface 
of the rock, which successfully resists the de- 
nuding influence of the atmosphere, so that the 
rock forms towering cliffs on the banks of the 
stream along which are its outcrops. Its thickness 
varies from 200 feet in the southern part of the 
State to twenty-five feet in the northern. It has 
afforded a few species of fossil plants, but no 
animal remains. The coal measures of Illinois 
are at least 1,000 feet thick and cover nearly 
three-fourths of its entire area. The strata are 
horizontal, the dip rarely exceeding six to ten 
feet to the mile. The formation is made up of 
sand.stone, sh.iles, thin beds of limestone, coal, 
and its associated fire clays. The thickness of 
the workable beds is from six to twenty-four 
inches in the upper measures, and from two to 
five feet in the lower measures. The fire clays, 
on which the coal seams usually rest, probably 
represent the ancient soil on which grew the 
trees and plants from which the coal is formed. 



200 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



When pure, these clays are valuable for the 
manufacture of fire brick, tile and common 
pottery. Illinois coal is wholly of the bitumi- 
nous variety, the metamorphic conditions vrhich 
resulted in the production of anthracite coal in 
Pennsylvania not having extended to this State. 
Fossils, both vegetable and animal, abound in 
the coal measures. 

Tertiary System. — This system is represented 
only in the southern end of the State, where cer- 
tain deposits of stratified sands, shales and con- 
glomerate are found, which appear to mark the 
northern boundary of the great Tertiary forma- 
tion of the Gulf States. Potter's clay, lignite and 
silicious woods are found in the formation. 

Quaternary System. — This system embraces 
all tlie superficial material, including sands, clay, 
gravel and soil which ov«r.spreads the older for- 
mations in all portions of the State. It gives 
origin to the soil from which the agricultural 
wealth of Illinois is derived. It may be properly 
separated into four divisions: Post-tertiary 
sands. Drift, Loess and Alluvium. The first- 
named occupies the lowest position in the series, 
and consists of stratified beds of yellow sand and 
blue clay, of variable thickness, overlaid by a 
black or deep brown, loamy soil, in which are 
found leaves, branches and trunks of trees in a 
good state of preservation. Next above lie the 
drift deposits, consisting of blue, yellow and 
brown clays, containing gravel and boulders of 
various sizes, the latter the water-worn frag- 
ments of rocks, many of which have been washed 
down from the northern shores of the great 
lakes. This drift formation varies in thickness 
from twenty to 120 feet, and its accumulations 
are probably due to the combined influence of 
water currents and moving ice. The subsoil 
over a large part of the northern and central 
portions of the State is composed of fine brown 
clay. Prof. Desquereux (Illinois Geological Sur- 
vey, Vol. I. ) accounts for tlie origin of this clay 
and of the black prairie soil above it, by attribut- 
ing it to the growth and decomposition of a 
peculiar vegetation. The Loess is a fine mechan- 
ical sediment that appears to have accumulated in 
some body of fresh water. It consists of marly 
sands and clays, of a thickness varying from five to 
sixty feet. Its greatest development is along the 
bluffs of the principal rivers. The fossils found 
in this formation consist chiefly of the bones and 
teeth of extinct mammalia, such as the mam- 
moth, mastodon, etc. Stone implements of 
primeval man are also discovered. The term 
alluvium is usually restricted to the deposits 



forming the bottom lands of the rivers and 
smaller streams. They consist of irregularly 
stratified sand, clay and loam, which are fre- 
quently found in alternate layers, and contain 
more or less organic matter from decomposed 
animal and vegetable substances. "When sufii- 
ciently elevated, they constitute the richest and 
most productive farming lands in the State. 

GEORGETOWN, a village of Vermilion County, 
on the Cleveland, Cincinnati, Chicago & St. Louis 
Railway, 10 miles south of Danville. It has a 
bank, telegraph and express office and a news- 
paper. Population (1890), 662; (lyOO), 988. 

GERMAN EVANGELICAL SCHOOL, located at 
Addison, Du Page County ; incorporated in 1852 ; 
has a faculty of three instructors and reports 187 
pupils for 1897-98, with a property valuation of 
§9,600. 

GERMANTOWN, a village of Vermilion County, 
and suburb of Danville; is the center of a coal- 
mining district. Population (1880), 540; (1890), 
1,178; (1900), 1,782. 

GEST, William H., lawyer and ex-Congress- 
man, was born at Jacksonville, 111., Jan. 7, 1838. 
When but four years old his parents removed to 
Rock Island, where he has since resided. He 
graduated from Williams College in 1860, was 
admitted to the bar in 1862, and has always been 
actively engage4 in practice. In 1886 he was 
elected to Congress by the Republicans of the 
Eleventh Illinois District, and was re-elected in 
1888, but in 1890 was defeated by Benjamin T. 
Cable, Democrat. 

GIBAULT, Pierre, a French priest, supposed to 
have been born at New Madrid in what is now 
Southeastern Jlissoirri, early in the eighteenth 
century; was Vicar-General at Kaskaskia, with 
ecclesiastical jurisdiction over the churches at 
Cahokia, St. Genevieve and adjacent points, at 
the time of the capture of Kaskaskia by Col. 
George Rogers Clark in 1778, and rendered Clark 
important aid in conciliating the French citizens 
of Illinois. He also made a visit to Vincennes and 
induced the people there to take the oath of allegi- 
ance to the new government. He even advanced 
means to aid Clark's destitute troops, but beyond 
a formal vote of thanks by the Virginia Legisla- 
ture, he does not appear to have received any 
recompense. Governor St. Clair, in a report to 
Thomas Jefferson, then Secretary of State, dwelt 
impressively upon the value of Father Gibault's 
services and sacrifices, and Judge Law said of 
him, "Next to Clark and (Francis) Vigo, the 
United States are indebted more to Father 
Gibault for the accession of the States comprised 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



201 



in what was the original Northwest Territory 
than to any other man." The date and place of 
his death are unknown. 

GIBSON CITY, a town in Ford County, situ- 
ated on tlie Lake Erie & Western Railroad, 34 
miles east of Blooinington, and at the intersec- 
tion of the Wabash Railroad and the Springfield 
Division of tlie Illinois Central. The principal 
mechanical industries are iron works, canning 
works, a shoe factory, and a tile factory. It has 
two banks, two newspapers, nine churches and 
an academy. A college is projected. Popula- 
tion (1890). 1.803; (1900). 2,0.54; (1903, est), 3,165. 

GILL, Joseph B., Lieutenant-Governor (1893- 
97), was born on a farm near Marion. Williamson 
County, 111., Feb. 17, 1863. In 1868 his father 
settled at Murphysboro, where Mr. Gill still 
makes his home. His academic education was 
received at the school of the Christian Brothers, 
in St. Louis, and at the Southern Illinois Normal 
University, Carbondale. In 1886 he graduated 
from the Law Department of the Michigan State 
University, at Ann Arbor. Returning home he 
purcha.sed an interest in "The Murphysboro Inde- 
pendent," which paper he conducted and edited 
up to January. 1893. In 1888 he was elected to 
the lower house of the Legislature and re-elected 
in 1890. As a legislator he was prominent as a 
champion of the labor interest. In 1892 he was 
nominated and elected Lieutenant-Governor on 
the Democratic ticket, serving from January, 
1893, to "97. 

GILLESPIE, a village of Macoupin County, on 
the CIevelan<i. Cincinnati. Chicago & St. Louis 
Railway. 10 miles .southwest of Litchfield. This 
is an agricultural, coal-mining and stock-raising 
region ; the town has a bank and a newspaper. 
Population (1890). 948; (1900), 873. 

GILLESPIE, Joseph, lawyer and Judge, was 
born in New York City, Augu.st 22, 1809, of Irish 
parents, who removed to Illinois in 1819, settling 
on a farm near Edwardsville. After coming to 
Illinois, at 10 years, he did not attend school over 
two months. In 1827 he went to the lead mines 
at Galena, remaining until 1829. In 1831, at the 
invitation of Cj'rus Edwards, he began the study 
of law, and was admitted to the bar in 1837, 
having been elected Probate Judge in 1836. He 
also served during two campaigns (1831 and '32) 
in the Black Ilawk War. lie was a Whig in 
politics and a warm personal friend of Abraham 
Lincoln. In 1840 he was elected to the lower 
house of the Legislature, serving one term, and 
was a member of the State Senate from 1847 to 
1859. In 1853 he received the few votes of the 



Whig members of the Legislature for United States 
Senator, in opposition to Stephen A. Douglas, 
and, in 1860, presided over the second Republican 
State Convention at Decatur, at which elements 
were set in motion wliich resulted in the nomi- 
nation of Abraham Lincoln for the Presidency 
for the first time, a week later. In 1861 he was 
elected Judge of the Twenty-fourth Judicial 
Circuit, and re-elected in 1867 for a second term, 
serving until 1878. Died, at his home at Edwards- 
ville, Jan. 7, 1885. 

GILLETT, John Dean, agriculturist and stock- 
man, was born in Connecticut, April 28, 1819; 
spent several years of his youth in Georgia, but, 
in 1838, came to Illinois by way of St. Louis, 
finally reaching "Bald Knob," in Logan County, 
where an uncle of the same name resided. Here 
he went to work, and, by frugality and judicious 
investments, finally acquired a large body of 
choice lands, adding to his agricultural operations 
the rearing and feeding of stock for the Chicago 
and foreign markets. In this he was remarkably 
successful. In his later years he was President 
of a National Bank at Lincoln. At the time of 
his death, August 27, 1888, he was the owner of 
16,500 acres of improved lands in the vicinity of 
Elkhart, Logan County, besides large herds of 
fine stock, both cattle and horses. He left a large 
family, one of his daughters being the wife of 
the late Senator Richard J. Oglesbj-. 

GILLETT, Philip Goode, specialist and edu- 
cator, born in Madison, Ind., March 24, 1833; was 
educated at Asbury University, Greencastle, Ind., 
graduating in 1852, and the same year became an 
instructor in the Institution for the Education of 
the Deaf and Dumb in that State. In 1856 lie 
became Principal of the Illinois Institution for 
the Education of the Deaf and Dumb at Jackson- 
ville, remaining there until 1893, when he 
resigned. Thereafter, for some years, he w^as 
President of the Association for the Promotion of 
Speech by the Deaf, with headquarters in Wash- 
ington, D. C, but later returned to Jacksonville, 
where he has since been living in retirement. 

GILLHAM, Daniel B., agriculturist and legis- 
lator, was born at a place now called Wanda, in 
Madison County, III., April 29, 1826— his father 
being a farmer and itinerant Methodist preacher, 
who belonged to one of the pioneer families in 
the American Bottom at an early day. The sub- 
ject of this sketch was educated in the common 
schools and at McKendree College, but did not 
graduate from tlie latter. In his early life he 
followed the vocation of a farmer and stock- 
grower in one of the most prosperous and highly 



202 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



cultivated portions of the American Bottom, a 
few miles below Alton, but, in 1872, removeJ to 
Alton, where he spent the remainder of his life. 
He became a member of the State Board of Agri- 
culture in 1866, serving eight years as Superin- 
tendent and later as its President; was also a 
Trustee of Shurtleflf College some twenty-five 
years, and for a time President of the Board. In 
1870 he was elected to the lower branch of the 
Twenty-seventh General Assembly, and to the 
State Senate in 1883, serving a term of four years 
in the latter. On the night of March 17, 1890, he 
was assaulted by a burglar in his house, receiving 
a wound from a pistol-shot in consequence of 
which he died, April 6, following. The identity 
of his assailant was never discovered, and the 
crime consequently went unpunished. 

GILHAN, a city in Iroquois County, at the 
intersection of the Illinois Central and the To- 
ledo, Peoria & Western Railways, 81 miles soutli 
by west from Chicago and 208 miles northeast 
of St. Louis. It is in the heart of one of the 
richest corn districts of the State and has large 
stock-raising and fruit-growing interests. It has 
an opera house, a public library, an extensive 
nursery, brick and tile works, a linseed oil mill, 
two banks and two weekly newspapers. Arte- 
sian well water is obtained by boring from 90 to 
200 feet. Population (1890), 1,112; (1900). 1,441. 

(ilLMAN, Arthur, was born at Alton, 111., June 
22, 1837, the son of Winthrop S. Oilman, of the 
firm of Oilman & Godfrey, in whose warehouse 
the printing press of Rev. Elijah P. Lovejoy was 
stored at the time of its destruction by a mob in 
1837; was educated in St. Louis and New York, 
began business as a banker in 1857, but, in 1870, 
removed to Cambridge, Mass., and connected 
himself with "The Riverside Press." Mr. Oilman 
was one of the prime movers in what is known as 
"The Harvard Annex" in the interest of equal 
collegiate advantages for women, and has written 
much for the periodical press, besides publishing 
a number of volumes in the line of history and 
English literature. 

GILMAN, CLINTON & SPRINGFIELD RAIL- 
ROAD. (See Illinois Central Railroad.) 

GIRARD, a city in Macoupin County, on the 
Chicago & Alton Railroad, 25 miles south by west 
from Springfield and 13 miles north-northeast of 
Carlinville. Coal-mining is carried on extensively 
here. The city also has a bank, five churches 
and a weekly newspaper. Population (1880), 
1,024; (1890), 1,524; (1900), 1,661. 

GLENCOE, a village of Cook County, on the 
Milwaukee Division of the Chicago & Northwest- 



ern Railway, 19 miles north of Chicago. Popu- 
lation (1880), 387; (1890), 569; (1900), 1,020. 

GLENN, Archibald A., ex-Lieutenant-Governor, 
was born in Nicholas County, Ky., Jan. 30. 1819. 
In 1828 his father's family removed to Illinois, 
settling first in Vermilion, and later in Schuyler 
County. At the age of 13, being forced to 
abandon school, for six years he worked upon the 
farm of his widowed mother, and, at 19, entered 
a printing ofl5ce at Rushville, where he learned 
the trade of compositor. In 1844 he publislied a 
Whig campaign paper, which was discontinued 
after the defeat of Henry Clay. For eleven 
years he was Circuit Clerk of Brown County, 
during which period he was admitted to the bar ; 
was a member of the Constitutional Convention 
o' 1862, and of the State Board of Equalization 
from 1868 to 1873. The latter year he was elected 
to the State Senate for four years, and, in 1875, 
chosen its President, thus becoming exofBcio 
Lieutenant-Governor. He early abandoned legal 
practice to engage in banking and in mercan- 
tile investment. After the expiration of his term 
in the Senate, he removed to Kansas, where, at 
latest advices, he still resided. 

GLENN, John J., lawyer and jurist, was born 
in Ashland County, Ohio, JIarch 2, 1831 ; gradu- 
ated from Miami University in 1856 and, in 1858, 
was admitted to the bar at Terre Haute, Ind. 
Removing to Illinois in 1860, he settled in Mercer 
County, a year later removing to Monmouth in 
Warren County, where he still resides. In 1877 
he was elected Judge of the Tenth Judicial Cir- 
cuit and re-elected in 1879, "85, '91, and '97. 
After his last election he served for some time, 
by appointment of the Supreme Court, as a mem- 
ber of the Appellate Court for the Springfield 
District, but ultimately resigned and returned to 
Circuit Court duty. His reputation as a cool- 
headed, impartial Judge stands very high, and his 
name has been favorably regarded for a place on 
the Supreme Bench. 

GLOVER, Joseph Otis, lawyer, was born in 
Cayuga County, N. Y., April 13, 1810, and edu- 
cated in the high-school at Aurora in that State. 
In 1835 he came west to attend to a land case at 
Galena for his father, and, although not then a 
lawyer, he managed the case so successfully that 
he was asked to take charge of two others. This 
determined the bent of his mind towards the law, 
to the study of which he tvurned his attention 
under the preceptorship of the late Judge The- 
ophilus L. Dickey, then of Ottawa. Soon after 
being admitted to the bar in 1840, he formed a 
partnership with the late Burton C. Cook, whioh 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



203 



lasted over thirty years. In 1846 he was electe<l 
as a Democrat to the lower branch of the Fif- 
teenth General Assembly, but, on the repeal of 
the Missouri Compromise, he became one of the 
founders of the Republican party and a close 
friend of Abraham Lincoln, whom he entertained. 
At the time of his (Lincoln's) debate with Senator 
Douglas, at Ottawa, in 18.58. In 1868 he served 
as Presidential Elector at the time of General 
Grant's first election to the Presidency, and the 
following year was appointed United States Dis- 
trict Attorney for the Northern District, serving 
until 1875. In 1877 he was appointed by Gov- 
ernor CuUom a memjaer of the Board of Railway 
and Canal Commissioners, of which he afterwards 
became President, serving six years. Died, in 
Chicago, Dec. 10, 1892. 

GODFREY, a village of Madison County, on the 
Chicago & Alton Railwaj-, 5 miles north of Alton. 
It is the seat of Monticello Female Seminary, and 
named for Capt. Benjamin Godfrey, an early 
settler who was chiefly instrumental in founding 
that institution. Population (1890), 228. 

GODFREY, (Capt.) Benjamin, sea captain ami 
philanthropist, was born at Chatham, Slass., Dec. 
4, 1794; at nine years of age he ran away from 
home and went to sea, his first voyage being to 
Ireland, where he spent nine years. The War of 
1813 coming on, he returned home, spending a 
part of the next three years in the naval service, 
also gaining a knowledge of the science of navi- 
gation. Later, he became master of a merchant- 
vessel making voyages to Italy, Spain, the 'West 
Indies and other countries, finally, by shipwreck 
in Cuban waters, losing the bulk of his fortune. 
In 1824 he engaged in mercantile business at 
Matamoras, Mex., where he accumulated a hand- 
some fortune: but, in transferring it (amounting 
to some $200,000 in silver) across the country on 
pack-animals, he was attacked and robbed by 
brigands, with which that country was then 
infested. Resuming business at New Orleans, he 
was again successful, and. in 1832, came north, 
locating near Alton, 111. , the next year engaging 
in the warehouse and commission business as the 
partner of Winthrop S. Gilman, under the name 
of Godfrey & Gilman. It was in the warehou.se 
of this firm at Alton that the printing-press of 
Elijah P. Lovejoy was stored when it was seized 
and destroyed by a mob, and Lovejoy was killed, 
in October, 1837. (See T^vejoy. Elijah P.) Soon 
after establishing himself at Alton, Captain God- 
frey made a donation of land and monej' for the 
erection of a young ladies' seminary at the village 
of Godfrey, four miles from Alton. (See Monti- 



cello Female Seminary.) The first cost of the 
erection of buildings, borne by him, wasS.53,000. 
The institution was opene<l, April 11, 1838, and 
Captain Godfrey continued to be one of its Trustees 
as long as he lived. He was also one of the lead- 
ing spirits in the construction of the Alton & 
Springfield Railroad (now a part of the Chicago 
& Alton), in which he invested heavily and un- 
profitably. Died, at Godfrey, April 13, 1802. 

GOLCOJfDA, a village and county-seat of Pope 
County, on the Oliio River, 80 miles northeast 
of Cairo; located in agricultural and mining dis- 
trict; zinc, lead and kaolin mined in the vicinity; 
has a courthouse, eight churches, schools, one 
bank, a newspaper, a box factory, flour and saw 
mills, and a fiuor-spar factory. It is the termi- 
nus of a branch of the Illinois Central Railroad. 
Population (1890), 1,174; (1900), 1,140. 

GOLDZIER, Julius, ex- Congressman, was 
born at Vienna, Austria, Jan. 20, 18.54, and 
emigrated to New York in 186G. In 1872 he 
settled in Chicago, where he was admitted 
to the bar in 1877, and where he has practiced 
law ever since. From 1890 to 1893 he was a 
member of the Chicago City Council, and, in 
1892, was the successful Democratic candidate 
in the Fourth District, for Congress, but was 
defeated in 1894 by Edward D. Cooke. At the 
Chicago city election of 1899 he was again re- 
turned to the Council as Alderman for the Thirty- 
second Ward. 

GOODI>'G, James, pioneer, was bom about 
1767, and, in 1832, was residing at Bristol, Ontario 
County, N. Y. , when he removeil to Cook County, 
111., settling in what was later called "Gooding's 
Grove," now a part of Will County. The Grove 
was also called the "Yankee Settlement," from 
the Eastern origin of the principal settlers. Sir. 
Gooding was accompanied, or .soon after joined, by 
three sons — James, Jr., William and Jasper — and 
a nephew, Charles Gooding, all of whom became 
prominent citizens. The senior Gooding died in 
1849, at the age of 82 years. — William ((Jooding), 
civil engineer, son of the preceding, was born at 
Bristol. Ontario County, N. Y., April 1, 1803; 
educated in the common schools and by private 
tuition, after which he divided his time chiefly 
between teaching and working on the farm of 
his father, James Gooding. Having devoted 
considerable attention to surveying and civil 
engineering, he obtained employment in 1826 on 
the Welland Canal, where he remained three years. 
He then engaged in mercantile pursuits at Lock- 
port, X. Y., but sold out at the end of the first 
year and went to Ohio to engage in his profession. 



204 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



Being unsuccessful in this, he accepted employ- 
ment for a time as a rodman, but later secured a 
position as Assistant Engineer on the Ohio Canal. 
After a brief visit to his father's in 1832, he 
returned to Ohio and engaged in business there 
for a short time, but the following year joined 
his father, who had previously settled in a portion 
of what is now Will County, but then Cook, mak- 
ing the trip by the first mail steamer around the 
lakes. He at first settled at "Gooding's Grove" 
and engaged in farming. In 1836 he was ap- 
pointed Assistant Engineer on the Illinois & 
Michigan Canal, but, in 1842, became Chief Engi- 
neer, continuing in that position until the com- 
pletion of the canal in 18-18, when he became 
Secretary of the Canal Board. Died, at Lockport, 
"Will County, in May, 1878. 

GOODRICH, Grant, lawyer and jurist, was 
born in Milton, Saratoga, County, N. Y., August 
7, 1811; grew up in Western New York, studied 
law and came to Chicago in 1834, becoming one 
of the most prominent and reputable members of 
his profession, as well as a leader in many of the 
movements for the educational, moral and reli- 
gious advancement of the community. He was 
one of the founders of the First Methodist Epis- 
copal Church of Chicago, an active member of 
the Union Defense Committee during the war, an 
incorporator and lifelong Trustee of the North- 
western University, and President of the Board 
of Trustees of Garrett Biblical Institute, besides 
being identified with many organizations of a 
strictly benevolent character. In 18.j9 Judge 
Goodrich was elected a Judge of the newly organ- 
ized Superior Court, but, at the end of his term, 
resumed the practice of his profession. Died, 
March 15, 1889. 

GORE, David, ex-State Auditor, was born in 
Trigg County, Ky., Aprils, 1827; came with his 
parents to Madison County, 111. , in 1834, and served 
in the Mexican War as a Quartermaster, afterwards 
locating in Macoupin County, where he has been 
extensively engaged in farming. In 1874 he was 
an unsuccessful Greenback-Labor candidate for 
State Treasurer, in 1884 was elected to the State 
Senate from the Macoupin-Morgan District, and, 
in 1892, nominated and elected, as a Democrat, 
Auditor of Public Accounts, serving until 1897. 
For some sixteen years he was a member of the 
State Board of Agriculture, the last two years of 
that period being its President. His home is at 
Carlinville. 

GOTIDT, Calvin, early printer and physician, 
was born in Ohio, June 2, 1814; removed with 
his parents, in childhood, to Indianapolis, and 



in 1832 to Vandalia, 111., where he worked in the 
State printing office and bindery. In the fall of 
1833 the family removed to Jacksonville, and the 
following year he entered Illinois College, being 
for a time a college-mate of Richard Yates, after- 
wards Governor. Here he continued his vocation 
as a printer, working for a time on "Peck's 
Gazetteer of Illinois" and "Goudy's Almanac," 
of which his father was publisher. In association 
with a brother while in Jacksonville, he began 
the publication of "The Common School Advo- 
cate," the pioneer publication of its kind in the 
Northwest, which was continued for about a 
year. Later he studied medicine with Drs. Henry 
and Merriman in Springfield, finally graduating 
at the St. Louis Medical College and, in 1844. 
began practice at Taylorville ; in 1847 was elected 
Probate Judge of Christian County for a term of 
four years; in 1851 engaged in mercantile busi- 
ness, which he continued nineteen years. In 1856 
he was elected to the lower hotise of the General 
Assembly and, in the session of the following 
year, was a leading supporter of the act estab- 
lishing the State Normal School at Normal, still 
later serving for some sixteen years on the State 
Board of Education. Died, at Taylorville, in 
1877. Dr. Goudy was an older brother of the late 
William C. Goudy of Chicago. 

GOUDT, William C, lawyer, was born in 
Indiana, May 15, 1824 ; came to Illinois, with his 
father, first to Vandalia and afterwards to Jack- 
sonville, previous to 1833, where the latter began 
the publication of "The Farmer's Almanac" — a 
well-known publication of that time. At Jack- 
sonville yoimg Goudy entered Illinois College, 
graduating in 1845, when he began the study of 
law with Judge Stephen T. Logan, of Springfield ; 
was admitted to the bar in 1847, and the next year 
began practice at Lewistown, Fulton County; 
served as State's Attorney (1852-55) and as State 
Senator (1856-60); at the close of his term re- 
moved to Chicago, where he became prominent 
as a corporation and railroad lawyer, in 1886 be- 
coming General Solicitor of the Chicago & North- 
western Railroad. During President Cleveland's 
first term, Mr. Goudy was believed to exert a 
large influence with the administration, and was 
credited with having been largely instrumental 
in securing the appointment of his partner, Mel- 
ville W. Fuller, Chief Justice of the Supreme 
Court. Died, April 27, 1893. 

GRAFF, Joseph V., lawyer and Congressman, 
was born at Terre Haute, Ind., July 1, 1854; after 
graduating from the Terre Haute high-school, 
spent one year in Wabash College at Crawfords- 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



205 



ville, but did not graduate ; studied law and was 
admitted to the bar at Delavan, III., in 1879: in 
1893 was a delegate to the Republican National 
Convention at Minneapolis, but, with the excep- 
tion of President of the Board of Education, 
never held any public office until elected to Con- 
gress from the Fourteenth Illinois District, as a 
Republican, in November, 1894. Mr. Graff was a 
successful candidate for re-election in 1896, and 
again in '98. 

GRAFTOX, a town in Jersey County, situated 
on the Mi.ssissippi one and a half miles below the 
mouth of the Illinois River. The bluffs are high 
and fine river views are obtainable. A fine 
quality of fossiliferous limestone is quarried liere 
and exported by the river. The town has a 
bank, three churches and a graded school. Pop- 
ulation (1880), 807, (1890), 927; (1900), 988. 

ORAIN INSPECTION, a mode of regulating 
the grain-trade in accordance with State law, and 
under the general supervision of the Railroad and 
Warehouse Commission. The principal exec- 
utive officer of the department is tlie Chief 
Inspector of Grain, the expenses of whose adminis- 
tration are borne by fees. The chief business of 
the inspection department is transacted in Chi- 
cago, where the principal offices are located. (See 
Railroad arid X\'arehouse Commission.) 

GRAMMAR, John, pioneer and early legislator, 
came to Southern Illinois at a very early date and 
served as a member of the Third Territorial 
Council for .Johnson County (181618); was a 
citizen of Union County when it was organized 
in 1818, and served as State Senator from that 
county in the Third and Fourth General Assem- 
blies (1822-26), and again in the Seventh and 
Eighth General Assemblies (1830-34), for the Dis- 
trict composed of Union, Johnson and Alexander 
Counties. He is described as having been very 
illiterate, but a man of much shrewdness and 
con.siderable influence. 

GRAND ARMY OF THE REPUBLIC, a fra- 
ternal, charitable and patriotic association, 
limited to men who served in the Union army or 
navy during the Civil War, and received hon- 
orable discharge. Its founder was Dr. B. F. 
Stephenson, wlio served as Surgeon of the Four- 
teenth Illinois Infantry. In this task lie had 
the cooperation of Rev. William J. Rutledge, 
Chaplain of the same regiment. Col. John M. 
Snyder, Dr. James Hamilton, Maj. Robert M. 
Woods, Maj. Robert Allen, Col. Martin Flood, 
Col. Daniel Grass, Col. Edward Prince, Capt. 
John S. Phelps, Capt. John A. Lightfoot, Col. 
B. F. Smith, Maj. A. A. North, Capt. Henry E. 



Howe, and Col. B. F. Hawkes, all Illinois veter- 
ans. Numerous conferences were held at Spring- 
field, in this State, a ritual was prepared, and the 
first post was chartered at Decatur, 111., April 6. 
1866. The charter members were Col. I. C. Pugh, 
George R. Steele, J. W. Routh, Joseph Prior, 
J. H. Nale, J. T. Bishop, G. H. Dunning, B. F. 
Sibley, M. F. Kanan, C. Reibsame, I. N. Coltrin, 
and Aquila Toland. All but one of these had 
served in Illinois regiments. At first, the work 
of organization proceeded slowly, the ex-soldiers 
generally being somewhat doubtful of the result 
of the project; but, before July 12, 1866, the date 
fixed for the assembling of a State Convention to 
form the Department of Illinois, thirty-nine posts 
had been chartered, and, by 1869, there were 330 
reported in Illinois. By October, 1866, Depart- 
ments had been formed in Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, 
Wisconsin and Minnesota, and posts established 
in Ohio, Missouri, Kentucky, Arkansas, Massa- 
chussetts. New York, Pennsylvania, and the 
District of Columbia, and the first National 
Encampment was held at Indianapolis, November 
20 of that year. In 1894 there were 7,500 posts, 
located in every State and Territory of the Union, 
with a membership of 450,000. The scheme of 
organization provides for precinct. State and 
National bodies. The first are known as posts, 
each having a number, to which the name of 
some battle or locality, or of some deceased soldier 
may be prefixed ; the -second (State organizations) 
are known as Departments; and the supreme 
power of the Order is vested in the National En- 
campment, which meets annually. As has been 
.said, the G. A. R. had its inception in Illinois. 
The aim and dream of Dr. Stephenson and his 
associates was to create a grand organization of 
veterans which, through its cohesion, no less tlian 
its incisiveness. should constitute a potential fac- 
tor in the inculcation and development of patriot- 
ism as well as mutual support. While he died 
sorrowing that he had not seen the fruition of 
his hopes, the present has witnessed the fullest 
realization of his dream. (See Stei)heiison. B. /•'. ) 
The constitution of the order expressly prohibits 
any attempt to use the organization for partisan 
purposes, or even the discussion, at any meeting, 
of partisan questions. Its aims are to foster and 
strengthen fraternal feelings among members; to 
assist comrades needing help or protection and 
aid comrades' widows and orphans, and to incul- 
cate unswerving loyalty. The "Woman's Relief 
Corps" is an auxiliary organization, originating 
at Portland, Maine, in 1869. The following is a list 
of Illinois Department Commanders, cluonolog- 



206 



HISTORICAL. ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



ically arranged: B. F. Stephenson (Provisional, 
1866), John M. Palmer (1866-68), Thomas O. 
Osborne (1869-70), Charles E. Lippincott (1871), 
Hubert Dilger (1872), Guy T. Gould (1873), Hiram 
Hilliard (1874-76), Joseph S. Reynolds (1877), 
T. B. Coulter (1878), Edgar D, Swain (1879-80), 
J, W. Burst (1881), Thomas G. Lawler (1882), 
S. A. Harper (1883), L. T. Dickason (188-i), 
William W. Berry (1885), Philip Sidney Post 
(1886), A. C. Sweetser (1887), James A. Sexton 
(1888), James S. Martin (1889), "William L. Distin 
(1890), Horace S. Clark (1891), Edwin Harlan 
(1892), Edward A. Blodgett (1893), H. H. 
McDowell (1894), W. H. Powell (1895), William 
G. Cochran (1896), A. L. Schimpff (1897), John 
C. Black (1898), John B. Inman (1899). The fol- 
lowing lUinoisans have held the position of Com- 
mander-in-Chief: S. A. Hurl but, (two terms) 
1866-67; John A. Logan, (three terms) 1868-70; 
Thomas G. Lawler, 1894; James A. Sexton, 1898. 

GRAND PRAIRIE SEMINARY, a co-educa- 
tional institution at Onarga, Iroquois County, in- 
corporated in 1863 ; liad a faculty of eleven teach- 
ers in 1897-98, with 285 pujjils— 145 male and 140 
female. It reports an endowment of §10,000 and 
property valued at $55,000. Besides the usual 
classical and scientific departments, instruction 
is given in music, oratory, fine arts and prepara- 
tory studies. 

GRAND TOWER, a town in Jackson County, 
situated on the Mississippi River, 27 miles south- 
west of Carbondale ; the western terminus of the 
Grand Tower & Carbondale Railroad. It received 
its name from a high, rocky island, lying in the 
river opposite the village. It has four churches, 
a weekly newspaper, and two blast furnaces for 
iron. Population (1890), 624; (1900), 881. . 

GRAND TOWER & CAPE GIRARDEAU 
RAILROAD. (See Chicago cfc Texas Railroad. ) 

GRAND TOWER & CARBONDALE RAIL- 
ROAD. (See Chicago & Texas Railroad.) 

GRANGER, Flavcl K., lawyer, farmer and 
legislator, was born in Wayne County, N. Y., 
May 16, 1833, educated in public scliools at Sodus 
in the same State, and settled at Waukegan, 111., 
in 1853. Here, having studied law, he was 
admitted to the bar in 1855, removing to McHenry 
County the same year, and soon after engaging in 
the live-stock and wool business. In 1872 he was 
elected as a Republican Representative in the 
Twenty-eighth General Assembly, being succes- 
sively re-elected to the Twenty-ninth, Thirtieth 
and Thirty-first, and being chosen Temporary 
Speaker of the Twent5'-ninth and Thirtieth. He 
is now a member of the State Senate for the 



Eighth District, having been elected in 1896. His 
home is at West McHenry. 

GR.iNT, Alexander Fraeser, early lawyer and 
jurist, was born at Inverness, Scotland, in 1804; 
came to Illinois at an early day and located at 
Shawneetown, where he studied law with Henry 
Eddy, the pioneer lawj'er and editor of that place. 
Mr. Grant is described as a man of marked ability, 
as were many of the early settlers of that region. 
In February, 1835, he was elected by the General 
Assembly Judge for the Third Circuit, as succes- 
sor to his preceptor, Mr. Eddy, but served only a 
few months, dj-ing at Vandalia the same year. 

GRANT, Ulysses Simpson, (originally Hiram 
Ulysses) , Lieutenant - General and President, 
was born at Point Pleasant, Clermont County, 
Ohio, April 27, 1822 ; graduated from West 
Point Military Academy, in 1843, and served 
through the Mexican War. After a short resi- 
dence at St. Louis, he became a resident of Galena 
in 1860. His war-record is a glorious part of the 
Nation's history. Entering the service of the 
State as a clerk in the office of the Quartermaster- 
General at Springfield, soon after the breaking out 
of the war in 1861, and still later serving as a 
drill master at Camp Yates, in June following he 
was commissioned by Governor Yates Colonel of 
the T%venty-first Illinois Volunteers, which he 
immediately led into the field in the State of 
Missouri ; was soon after promoted to a Brigadier- 
Generalship and became a full Major-General of 
Volunteers on the fall of Forts Donelson and 
Henry, in February following. His successes at 
Fort Gibson, Raymond, Champion Hill, and Big 
Black River, ending with the capture of Vicks- 
burg, were the leading victories of the Union 
armies in 1863. His successful defense of Chat- 
tanooga was also one of his victories in the West 
in the same year. Commissioned a Major-General 
of the Regular Army after the fall of Vicksburg, 
he became Lieutenant-General in 1864, and, in 
March of that year, assumed command of all the 
Nortliern armies. Taking personal command of 
the Army of the Potomac, he directed the cam- 
paign against Richmond, wliich resulted in the 
final evacuation and downfall of the Confederate 
capital and the surrender of General Lee at 
Appomattox on April 8, 1865. In July, 1866, he 
was made General — the office being created for 
him. He also served as Secretary of War, ad 
interim, under President Johnson, from Au- 
gust, 1867, to January, 1868. In 1868 he was 
elected President of the United States and re- 
elected in 1872. His administration may not 
have been free from mistakes, but it was charao- 



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HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



207 



terizeil by patriotism and integrity of purpose. 
During 1877-79 he made a tour of tlie world, being 
received everywliere with the highest Iionors. In 
1880 his friends made an unsuccessful effort to 
secure his renomiuation as a Presidential candi- 
date on the Republican ticket. Died, at Mount 
McGregor, N. Y., July 23, 1885. His chief literary 
work was his "Memoirs" (two volumes, 1885-86), 
wliich was very extensively sold. 

GRAPE CREEK, a surburban mining village in 
VermiUou County, on the Big Vermilion River 
and the Chicago & Eastern Illinois Railroad, six 
miles south of Danville. The chief industry is 
coal mining, which is extensively carried on. 
Population flSOn). 778; (1900), 010 

GRATIOT, Charles, of Huguenot parentage, 
born at Lausanne, Switzerland, in 1752. After 
receiving a mercantile training in the counting 
house of an uncle in London, he emigrated to 
Canada, entering the employ of anotlier imcle at 
Montreal. He first came to the "Illinois Coun- 
try" in 1775, as an Indian trader, remaining one 
year. In 1777 he returned and formed a partner- 
ship with David McRae and John Kay, two young 
Scotchmen from Montreal. He established depots 
at Cahokia and Kaskaskia. Upon the arrival of 
Col. George Rogers Clark, in 1778, he rendered 
that commander material financial assistance, 
becoming personal!}' responsible for the supplies 
needed by tlie penniless American army. "When 
the transfer of sovereignty took place at St. 
Louis, on March 10, 1804. and Louisiana Territory 
became a part of the United States, it was from 
the balcony of his house that the first American 
flag was unfurled in Upper Louisiana. In recom- 
pense for his liberal expenditure, lie was promised 
30.000 acres of land near the present site of 
Louisville, but this he never received. Died, at 
St. Louis, April 21, 1817. 

GRAVIER, Father Jacques, a Jesuit mission- 
ary, born in France, but at what date cannot be 
stated with certainty. After some years spent in 
Canada he was sent by his ecclesiastical superiors 
to the Illinois Mission (1688), succeeding Allouez 
as Superior two years later, and being made 
Vicar-General in 1691. He labored among the 
Mianiis, Peorias and Kaskaskias — liis most nunier- 
ous conversions being among the latter tribe — as 
also among the Cahokias, Osages, Tamaroas and 
Missouris. It is said to liave been largely through 
his influence that the Illinois were induced to 
settle at Kaskaskia instead of going soutli. In 
1705 he received a severe wound during an attack 
by the Illinois Indians, incited, if not actually 
led, by one of their medicine men. It is said 



that he visited Paris for treatment, but failed 
to find a cure. Accounts of his death vary as 
to time and place, but all agree that it resulted 
from tlie wound above mentioned. Some of his 
biographers assert that lie died at sea; others 
that ho returned from France, yet suffering from 
the Indian poison, to Louisiana in February, 
1708, and died near Mobile, Ala., the same year. 

GRAY, Eli.sha, electrician and inventor, was 
born at Barnesville, Ohio, August 2, 1835; after 
serving as an apprentice at various trades, took a 
course at Oberlin College, devoting especial 
attenti^m to the physical sciences, meanwhile 
supporting himself by manual labor. In 1865 he 
began his career as an electrician and, in 1867, 
received his first patent; devised a method of 
transmitting telephone signals, and, in 1875, suc- 
ceeded in transmitting four messages simultane- 
ously on one wire to New York and Boston, a 
year later accomplishing the same with eight 
messages to New York and Philadelphia. Pro- 
fessor Gray has invented a telegraph switch, a 
repeater, enunciator and type-writing telegraph. 
From 1869 to '73 he was employed in the manu- 
facture of telegraph apparatus at Cleveland and 
Chicago, but has since been electrician of the 
Western Electric Company of Chicago. His latest 
invention, the "telautograph" — for reproducing 
by telegraph the handwriting of the sender 
of a telegram — attracted great interest at the 
World's Columbian Exposition of 1893. He is 
author of "Telegraphy and Telejihony" and 
"Experimental Researches in Electro-Harmonic 
Telegraph}' and Telephony." 

GRAY, William C, Ph.D., editor, was born in 
Butler County, Ohio, in 1830; graduated from 
the Farmers' (now Belmont) College in 1850, 
read law and began secular editorial work in 
1853, being connected, in the next fourteen years, 
with "The Tiflin Tribune," "Cleveland Herald" 
and "Newark American.'" Then, after several 
years spent in general publishing business in 
Cincinnati,-after the great fire of 1871 he came to 
Chicago, to take charge of "The Interior," the 
organ of the Prasbyterian Chiu-ch, which he has 
since conducted. The success of the paper under 
his management affords the best evidence of his 
practical good sense. He liolds the degree of 
Ph.D., received from Wooster University in 1881. 

GR.WVILLE, a city situated on the border of 
White and Edwards Counties, lying chiefly in 
tlie former, on the Wabash River, 35 miles north- 
west of Evansville, Ind., 16 miles northeast o( 
Carmi, and forty miles southwest of Vincennes. 
It is located in the heart of a heavily timbered 



208 



HISTOEICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



region and is an important hard-wood market. 
Valuable coal deposits exist. The industries in- 
clude flour, saw and planing mills, stave factories 
and creamery. The city has an electric light 
and water plant, two banks, eight churches, and 
two weekly papers. Population ^1900), 1,948. 

GRAYYILLE & MATTOON KAILROAD. (See 
Peoria, Decatur & Evansville Railway. ) 

GREATHOUSE, Lncien, soldier, was born at 
Carlinville, 111., in 1843; graduated at Illinois 
"Wesleyan University, Bloomington, and studied 
law ; enlisted as a private at the beginning of the 
War of the Kebellion and rose to the j^ank of 
Colonel of the Forty-eighth Illinois Volunteers; 
bore a conspicuoxis part in the movements of the 
Army of the Tennessee ; was killed in battle near 
Atlanta, Ga.. June 21, 1864. 

GREAT WESTERN RAILROAD (of 1843 and 
'49). (See Illinois Central Railroad.) 

GREAT WESTERN RAILROAD (2). (See 
Wabash Railway. ) 

GREEN RIVER, rises in Lee County, and, 
after draining part of Birreau County, flows west- 
ward through Henry County, and enters Rock 
River about 10 miles east by south from Rock 
Island. It is nearly 120 miles long. 

GREEN, William H., State Senator and Judge, 
was born at Danville, Ky., Dec. 8, 1830. In 1847 
he accompanied his father's family to Illinois, 
and, for three years following, taught school, at 
the same time reading law. He was admitted to 
the bar in 1853 and began practice at Mount 
Vernon, removing to Metropolis the next year, 
and to Cairo in 1863. In 1808 he was elected to 
the lower house of the General Assembly, was 
re-elected in 1860 and, two years later, was 
elected to the State Senate for four years. In 
December, 1865, he was elected Judge of the 
Third Judicial Circuit, to fill the imexpired term 
of Judge Mulkey, retiring with the expiration of 
nis term in 1867. He was a delegate to the 
National Democratic Conventions of 1800, '64, 
'68, '80, '84 and '88, besides being for many years 
a member of the State Central Committee of that 
party, and also, for four terms, a member of the 
State Board of Education, of which he has been 
for several years the President. He is at present 
(1899) engaged in the practice of his profession at 
Cairo. 

GREENE, Henry Sacheveral, attorney, was 
born in the North of Ireland, July, 1833, brought 
to Canada at five years of age, and from nine com- 
pelled to support himself, sometimes as a clerk 
and at others setting type in a printing office. 
After spending some time in Western New York, 



in 1853 he commenced the study of law at Dan- 
ville, Ind.. %vith Hugh Crea, now of Decatur, 111. ; 
four years later settled at Clinton, DeWitt 
County, where he taught and studied law with 
Lawrence Weldon, now of the Coui't of Claims, 
Washington. In 1859 he was admitted to the bar 
at Springfield, on the motion of Abraham Lin- 
coln, and was associated in practice, for a time, 
with Hon. CUfton H. Moore of Clinton; later 
served as Prosecuting Attorney and one term 
(1867-69) as Representative in the General Assem- 
bly. At the close of his term in the Legislature 
he removed to Springfield, forming a law partner- 
ship with Milton Hay and David T. Littler, under 
the firm name of Hay, Greene & Littler, still later 
becoming the head of the firm of Greene & 
Humphrey. From the date of his removal to 
Springfield, for some thirty years his chief employ- 
ment was as a corporation lawyer, for the most 
part in the service of the Chicago & Alton and 
the Wabash Railways. His death occurred at his 
home in Springfield, after a protracted illness, 
Feb. 25, 1899. Of recognized ability, thoroughly 
devoted to his profession, high minded and honor- 
able in all his dealings, he commanded respect 
wherever he was known. 

GREENE, William G., pioneer, was born in 
Tennessee in 1812; came to Illinois in 1822 with 
his father (Bowling Greene), who settled in the 
vicinity of New Salem, now in Menard County. 
The younger Greene was an intimate friend and 
fellow-student, at Illinois College, of Richard 
Yates (afterwards Governor), and also an early 
friend and admirer of Abraham Lincoln, under 
whom he held an appointment in Utah for some 
years. He died at Tallula, Menard County, in 
1894. 

GREENFIELD, a city in the eastern part of 
Greene County, on the Chicago, Burlington & 
Quincy and the Quincy, CarroUton & St. Louis 
Railways, 12 miles east of CarroUton and 55 miles 
north of St. Louis ; is an agricultural, coal-mining 
and stock-raising region. The city has several 
churches, public schools, a seminary, electric 
light plant, steam flouring mill, and one weekly 
paper. It is an important shipping point for 
cattle, horses, swine, corn, grain and produce. 
Population (1890), 1,131; (1900), 1,085. 

GREENE COUNTY, cut off from Madison and 
separately organized in 1821 ; has an area of 544 
square miles; population (1900), 23,402; named 
for Gen. Nathaniel Greene, a Revolutionary sol- 
dier. The soil and climate are varied and adapted 
to a diversity of products, wheat and fruit being 
among the principal. Building stone and clay 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



209 



are abundant. Probably the first EnRlisli-speak- 
ing settlers were Daviil Stockton and James 
Whiteside, who located south of Macoupin Creek 
in June, 1817. Samuel Thomas and others 
(among them Gen. Jacob Fry) followed soon 
afterward. The Indians were numerous and 
aggressive, and had destroyed not a few of the 
monuments of the Government surveys, erected 
some years before. Immigration of the whites, 
however, was rapid, and it was not long before 
the nucleus of a village was established at Car- 
rollton, where General Fry erected the first house 
and made the first coffin needed in the settle- 
ment. This town, the county-seat and most 
important place in the county, was laid off by 
Thomas Carlin in 1821. Other flourishing towns 
are Whitehall (population, 1,961), and Roodhouse 
(an important railroad center) with a population 
of 2,360. 

GKEENIJP, village of Cumberland County, at 
intersection of the Vandalia. Line and Evansville 
branch III. Cent. Ry. ; in farming and fruit- 
growing region; has powder mill, bank, broom 
factory, five churches, public library and good 
schools. Population (1890), 858; (1900). 1,085. 

GREENVIEW, a village in Menard County, on 
the Jacksonville branch of the Chicago & Alton 
Railroad, 22 miles north-northwest of Springfield 
and 36 miles northeast of Jacksonville. It has a 
coal mine, bank, two weekly papers, seven 
churches, and a graded and high school. Popu- 
lation (1890). 1.106; (1900), 1,019; (1903), 1,245. 

GREENVILLE, an incorporated city, the 
county-seat of Bond County, on the East Fork of 
Big Shoal Creek and the St. Louis, Vandalia & 
Terre Haute Railroad, 50 miles east-northeast of 
St. Louis; is in a rich agricultural and coal-min- 
ing region. Corn and wheat are raised exten- 
sively in the .surrounding country, and there are 
extensive coal mines adjacent to the city. The 
leading manufacturing product is in the line of 
wagons. It is the Beat of Greenville College (a 
coeducational institution) ; has several banks and 
three weekly newspapers. Population (1890), 
1,868; (1900). 2,504. 

GREENVILLE, TREATY OF, a treaty negoti- 
ated by Gen. Anthony Wayne with a number of 
Indian tribes (see Indian Treaties), at Green- 
ville, after his victory over the savages at the 
battle of Maumee Rapids, in August, 1795. This 
was the first treaty relating to Illinois lands in 
which a number of tribes united The lands con- 
veyed within the present limits of the State 
of Illinois were as follows: A tract six miles 
square at the mouth of the Chicago River; 



another, twelve miles Sfiuare, near the mouth of 
the Illinois River; another, six miles wiuare, 
around the old fort at Peoria ; the post of Fort 
Massac; the 150,000 acres set apart as bounty 
lands for the army of Gen. George Rogers Clark, 
and "the lands at all other places in the pos.ses- 
sion of the French people and other white set- 
tlers among them, the Indian title to which has 
been thus extinguished. " On the other hand, the 
United States relinquished all claim to all other 
Indian lands north of the Ohio, east of tne Mis- 
sissippi and south of the great lakes. The cash 
consideration paid by the Government was 
$210,000. 

GREGG, David L., lawyer and Secretary of 
State, emigrated from Albany, N. Y., and began 
the practice of law at Joliet, 111., where, in 1839, 
he also edited "The Juliet Courier," the first 
paper established in Will County. From 1842 to 
1846, he represented Will, Du Page and Iroquois 
Counties in the Thirteenth and Fourteenth Gen- 
eral Assemblies; later removed to Chicago, after 
which he served for a time as United States Dis- 
trict Attorney; in 1847 was chosen one of the 
Delegates from Cook County to the State Consti- 
tutional Convention of that year, and served as 
Secretary of State from 1850 to 1853, as successor 
to Horace S. Cooley, who died in office the former 
year. In the Democratic State Convention of 
1852. Mr. Gregg was a leading candidate for the 
nomination for Governor, though finally defeated 
by Joel A. Matteson; served as Presidential 
Elector for that year, and, in 1853, was appointed 
by President Pierce Commissioner to the Sandwich 
Islands, still later for a time acting as the minis- 
ter or adviser of King Kamehamaha IV, wlio died 
in 1863. Returning to California he was ap- 
pointed by President Lincoln Receiver of Public 
Moneys at Carson City, Nev., where he died, Dec. 
23, 1868. 

GRE(JORY, John Milton, clergyman and edu- 
cator, was born at Sand Lake, Rensselaer Co., 
N. Y., July 6. 1822; graduated from Union Col- 
lege in 1846 and, after devoting two years to the 
study of law, studied theology and entered the 
Baptist ministry. After a brief pastorate in the 
East he came West, becoming Principal of a 
classical school at Detroit. His ability as an 
educator was soon recognized, and. in 18.58, he 
was elected State Superintendent of Public 
Instruction in Michigan, but declined a re-elec- 
tion in 1863. In 18.54. he as-sisted in founding 
"The Michigan Journal of Education." of which 
he was editor-in-chief. In 1863 he accepted the 
Presidency of Kalamazoo College, and four years 



210 



HISTOEICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



later was called to that of the newly founded 
University of Illinois, at Champaign, where he 
remained until 1880. He was United States 
Commissioner to the Vienna Exposition in 1873, 
Illinois State Commissioner to the Paris Exposi- 
tion of 1878, also serving as one of the judges in 
the educational department of the Philadelphia 
Centennial of 1876. From 1883 to "85 he was a 
member of the United States Civil Service Com- 
mission. The degree of LL.D. was conferred 
upon him by Madison University (Hamilton. 
N. Y.) in 1866. While State Superintendent he 
published a "Compend of School Laws" of Michi- 
gan, besides numerous addresses on educational 
subjects. Other works of his are "Handbook of 
History" and "Map of Time" (Chicago, 1860) ; "A 
New Political Economy" (Cincinnati, 1882); and 
"Seven Laws of Teaching" (Cliicago, 1883). 
While holding a chair as Professor Emeritus of 
Political Economy in the University of Illinois 
during the latter years of his life, he resided in 
Washington, D. C, where he died, Oct. 20, 1898. 
By his special request he was buried on the 
grounds of the University at Champaign. 

GRESHAM, Walter Quinton, soldier, jurist 
and statesman, was born near Lanesville, Harri- 
son County, Ind., March 17, 1833. Two years at 
a seminary at Corydon, followed by one year at 
Bloommgton University, completed his early 
education, which was commenced at the common 
schools. He read law at Corydon, and was 
admitted to the bar in 1853. In 1860 he was 
elected to the Indiana Legislature, but resigned 
to become Lieutenant-Colonel of the Thirty- 
eighth Indiana Volunteers, and was almost 
immediately commissioned Colonel of the Fifty- 
third Regiment. After the fall of Vicksburg he 
was promoted to a Brigadier-Generalship, and was 
brevetted Major-General on March 13, 1805. At 
Atlanta he was severely wounded, and disabled 
from service for a year. After the war he re- 
sumed practice at New Albany, Ind. His polit- 
ical career began in 1856, when he stumped his 
county for Fremont. From that time until 1893 
he was always prominently identified with the 
Republican party. In 1866 he was an unsuccess- 
ful Republican candidate for Congress, and, in 
1867-08, was the financial agent of his State 
(Indiana) in New York. In 1869 President Grant 
appointed him Judge of the United States Dis- 
trict Court for Indiana. In 1883 he resigned this 
position to accept the portfolio of Postmaster-Gen- 
eral in the Cabinet of President Arthur. In July, 
1884, upon the death of Secretary Folger, he was 
made Secretary of the Treasury. In Oct. 1884, 



he was appointed United Stat&s Judge of the 
Seventh Judicial Circuit, and thereafter made 
his home in Chicago. He was an earnest advo- 
cate of the renomination of Grant in that year, 
but subsequently took no active personal part in 
politics. In 1888 he was the substantially unani- 
mous choice of Illinois Republicans for the Presi- 
dency, but was defeated in convention. In 1893 
he was tendered the Populist nomination for 
President, but declined. In 1893 President Cleve- 
land offered him the portfolio of Secretary of 
State, which he accepted, dying in office at 
Washington, D. C, May 28, 1895. 

GREUSEL, Nicholas, soldier, was born in Ger- 
many, July 4, 1817, the son of a soldier of Murat; 
came to New York in 1833 and to Detroit, Mich., 
in 1835 ; served as a Captain of the First Michigan 
Volunteers in the Mexican War; in 1857, came to 
Chicago and was employed on tlie Chicago, Bur- 
lington & Quincy Railroad, until the firing on 
Fort Sumter, when he promptly enrolled himself 
as a private in a company organized at Aurora, 
of which he was elected Captain and attached to 
the Seventh Illinois (three-months' men), later 
being advanced to tlie rank of JIajor. Re-enlisting 
for three years, he was commissioned Lieutenant- 
Colonel, but, in August following, was commis- 
sioned Colonel of the Thirty -sixth Illinois; took 
part in the battles of Pea Ridge and Perryville 
and the campaign against Corinth ; compelled to 
resign on accoxmt of failing health, in February, 
1863, he removed to Mount Pleasant, Iowa, 
whence he returned to Aurora in 1893. Died at 
Aurora, April 35. 1890. 

(iRIDLEY, Asahel, lawyer and banker, was 
born at Cazenovia, N. Y., April 31, 1810; was 
educated at Pompey Academy and, at the age of 
21, came to Illinois, locating at Bloomington and 
engaging in the mercantile business, which he 
carried on quite extensively some eight years. 
He served as First Lieutenant of a cavalry com- 
pany during the Black Hawk War of 1833, and 
soon after was elected a Brigadier-General of 
militia, thereby acquiring the title of "General." 
In 1840 he was elected to the lower branch of the 
Twelfth General Assembly, and soon after began 
to turn his attention to the study of law, subse- 
quently forming a partnership with Col. J. H. 
Wickizer, which continued for a number of years. 
Having been elected to the State Senate in 1850, 
he took a conspicuous part in the two succeeding 
sessions of the General Assembly in securing the 
location of the Chicago & Alton and the Illinois 
Central Railroads by way of Bloomington; was 
also, at a later period, a leading promoter of the 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



211 



Indiana, Bloomington & Western and other lines. 
In 1858 he joined J. Y. Scaninion and J. II. Burch 
of Chicago, in the establishment of the McLean 
County Bank at Bloomington, of which he became 
President and ultimately sole proprietor ; also be- 
came proprietor, in ISO", of the Bloomington Gas- 
Light & Coke Company, which he managed some 
twenty-five years. Originall}' a Whig, he identi- 
fied himself with the Republican cause in 1856, 
serving upon the State Central Committee during 
the campaign of that year, but, in 1872, took 
part in the Liberal Republican movement, serv- 
ing as a delegate to the Cincinnati Convention, 
where he was a zealous supporter of David Davis 
for the Presidency. Died, at Bloomington, Jan. 
20, 1881. 

GRIER, (Col.) David Perkins, soldier and mer- 
chant, was born near Wilkesbarre, Pa., in 1837; 
received a common school education and, in 
1852, came to Peoria, 111., where he engaged in 
the grain business, subsequently, in partnersliip 
with his brother, erecting the first grain-elevator 
in Peoria, with three or four at other points. 
Early in the war he recruited a company of which 
he was elected Captain, but, as the State quota 
was already full, it was not accepted in Illinois, 
but was mustered in. in June, as a part of the 
Eighth Missouri Volunteers. With this organi- 
zation he took part in the capture of Forts Henry 
and Donelsou, the battle of Shiloh and the siege 
and capture of Corinth. In Augu.st, 1862, he was 
ordered to report to Governor Yates at Spring- 
field, and, on his arrival, was presented with a 
commission as Colonel of the Seventy-seventh 
Illinois Volunteer Infantry, of wliich he retained 
command up to the siege of Vicksburg. During 
that siege he commanded a brigade and, in sub- 
sequent operations in Louisiana, was in command 
of the Second Brigade. Fourth Division of the 
Thirteenth Army Corps. Later he had command 
of all the troops on Dauphin Island, and took a 
conspicuous part in the capture of Fort Morgan 
and Mobile, as well as other operations in Ala- 
bama. He subsequently had command of a 
division until his muster-out, July 10, 1865, with 
the rank of brevet Brigadier-General. After the 
war. General Grier resumed his business as a 
grain merchant at Peoria, but. in 1879. removed to 
East St. Louis, where he had charge of the erection 
and management of the L^nion Elevator tliere — 
was also Vice-President and Director of the St. 
Louis Merchants' Exchange. Died, April 22, 
1891. 

GRIERSOJf, Benjamin H., soldier, was born in 
Pittsburg, Pa., July 8, 1826; removed in boyhood 



to Trumbull County, Ohio, and, about 1850, to 
Jacksonville, 111., where he was engaged for a 
time in teaching music, later embarking in the 
grain and produce business at Meredosia. He 
enlisted promptly at the beginning of the Civil 
War, becoming Aid-de-camp to General Prentiss 
at Cairo during tlie three-months' service, later 
being commissioned Major of the Sixth Illinois 
Cavalry. From this time his promotion was 
rapid. He was commissioned Colonel of the same 
regiment in March, 1862, and was commander of a 
brigade in December following. He was promi- 
nent in nearly all the cavalry skirmishes between 
Memphis and the Tennessee river, and, in April 
and May, 1863, led the famous raid from La 
Grange, Tenn., through the States of Mississippi 
and Louisiana to Baton Rouge in the latter— for 
the first time penetrating the heart of the Con- 
federacy and causing consternation among the 
rebel leaders, while materially aiding General 
Grant's movement against Vicksburg. This dem- 
onstration was generally regarded as one of the 
most brilliant events of the war, and attracted 
the attention of tlie whole country. In recog- 
nition of this service he was, on June 3, 1863, 
made a Brigadier-General, and May 27, 1865, a 
full Major-General of Volunteers. Soon after the 
close of the war he entered the regular army as 
Colonel of the Tenth United States Cavalry and 
was successively brevetted Brigadier- and Major- 
General for bravery shown in a raid in Arkansas 
during December, 1864. His subsequent service 
was in the West and Soutlnvest conducting cam- 
paigns against the Indians, in the meanwhile 
being in command at Santa Fe, San Antonio and 
elsewliere. On the promotion of General Miles 
to a Major-Generalship following the death of 
Maj.-Gen. George Crook in Chicago, March 19, 
1890, General Grierson, who had been the senior 
Colonel for some years, was promoted Brigadier- 
General and retired with that rank in July fol- 
lowing. His home is at Jacksonville. 

GRIGGS, Samuel Chapman, publi.sher, was 
born in Tolland, Conn., July 20, 1819; began 
business as a bookseller at Hamilton, N. Y., but 
removed to Chicago, where he established the 
largest bookselling trade in the Northwest. Mr. 
Griggs was a heavy loser by the fire of 1871, and 
the following j'ear, having sold out to his part- 
ners, established himself in the publishing busi- 
ness, which he conducted until 1896, when he 
retired. The class of books published by him 
include many educational and classical, with 
others of a high order of merit. Died in Chi- 
cago, April 5, 1897. 



212 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



GRIGGSVILLE, a city in Pike County, on the 
Wabash Railroad, 4 miles west of the Illinois 
River, and 50 miles east of Quincy. Flour, camp 
stoves, and brooms are manufactured here. The 
city has churolies, graded schools, a public 
library, fair grounds, opera house, and a weekly 
newspaper. Population (1890), 1,400; (1900), 
1,404. 

GRIMSUAW, Jackson, lawyer and politician, 
was bom in Philadelphia, Nov. 22, 1830, of Anglo- 
Irish and Revolutionary ancestry. He was par- 
tially educated at Bristol College, Pa., and began 
the study of law with his father, who was a lawyer 
and an author of repute. His professional studies 
were interrupted for a few years, during which he 
was employed at surveying and civil engineering, 
but he was admitted to the bar at Harrisburg, in 
1843. The same year he settled at Pittsfield, 111., 
where he formed a partnership with his brother, 
"William A. Grimshaw. In 1857 he removed to 
Quincy, where he resided for the remainder of his 
life. He was a member of the first Republican 
Convention, at Bloomington, in 1856, and was 
twice an unsuccessful candidate for Congress 
(1856 and '58) in a strongly Democratic District. 
He was a warm personal friend and trusted coun- 
sellor of Governor Yates, on whose staff he served 
as Colonel. During 1861 the latter sent Mr. 
Grinoshaw to Washington with dispatches an- 
nouncing the capture of Jefferson Barracks, Mo. 
On arriving at Annapolis, learning that the rail- 
roads had been torn up by rebel sympathizers, he 
walked from that city to the capital, and was 
summoned into the presence of the President and 
General Scott with his feet protruding from his 
boots. In 1865 Mr. Lincoln appointed him Col- 
lector of Internal Revenue for the Quincy Dis- 
trict, which office he held until 1869. Died, at 
Quincy, Dec. 13, 1875. 

GKIMSHAW, William A., early lawyer, was 
born in Philadelphia and admitted to the bar 
in his native city at the age of 19 ; in 1833 came 
to Pike County, 111., where he continued to prac- 
tice imtil his death. He served in the State Con- 
stitutional Convention of 1847, and had the credit 
of preparing the article in the second Constitution 
prohibiting dueling. In 1864 he was a delegate 
to the Republican National Convention which 
nominated Mr. Lincoln for President a second 
time ; also served as Presidential Elector in 1880. 
He was, for a time, one of the Trustees of the 
Institution for the Deaf and Dumb at Jackson- 
ville, and, from 1877 to 1882, a member of the State 
Board of Public Charities, being for a time Presi- 
dent of the Board. Died, at Pittsfield, Jan. 7, 1895. 



GRIJfNELL, Julius S., lawyer and ei-Judge, 
was bom in St. Lawrence County, N. Y., in 1842, 
of New England parents, who were of French 
descent. He graduated from Middlebury College 
in 1866, and, two years later, was admitted to the 
bar at Ogdensburg, N. Y. In 1870 he removed to 
Chicago, where he soon attained a prominent 
position at the bar; was elected City Attorney in 
1879, and re-elected in 1881 and 1883. In 1884 he 
was elected State's Attorney for Cook County, in 
which capacity he successfully conducted some 
of the most celebrated criminal prosecutions in 
the history of Illinois. Among these may be 
mentioned the cases against Joseph T. Mackin 
and William J. Gallagher, growing out of an 
election conspiracy in Chicago in 1884; the 
conviction of a number of Cook County Commis- 
sioners for accepting bribes in 1885, and the con- 
viction of seven anarchistic leaders charged with 
complicity in the Haymarket riot and massacre 
in Chicago, in May, 1886 — the latter trial being 
held in 1887. The same year (1887) he was 
elected to the Circuit bench of Cook County, but 
resigned his seat in 1890 to become counsel for 
the Chicago City Railway. Died, in Chicago, 
June 8, 1898. 

GROSS, Jacob, ex-State Treasurer and banker, 
was born in Germany, Feb. 11, 1840; having lost 
his father by death at 13, came to the United 
States two years later, spent a year in Chicago 
schools, learned the trade of a tinsmith and 
clerked in a store until August, 1862, when he 
enlisted in the Eighty-Second Illinois Volunteers 
(the second "Hecker Regiment") ; afterwards par- 
ticipated in some of the most important battles 
of the war, including Chancellorsville, Gettys- 
burg, Lookout Mountain, Resaca and others. At 
Dallas, Ga. , he had his right leg badly shattered 
by a bullet-wound above the knee, four successive 
amputations being found necessary in order to 
save his life. Having been discharged from the 
service in February, 1865, he took a course in a 
commercial college, became deputy clerk of the 
Police Court, served three terms as Collector of 
the West Town of Cliicago, and an equal number 
of terms (12 years) as Clerk of the Circuit Court 
of Cook County, and, in 1884, was elected State 
Treasurer. Since retiring from the latter office, 
Mr. Gross has been engaged in the banking busi- 
ness, being President, for several years, of the 
Commercial Bank of Chicago. 

GROSS, William L., lawyer, was born in Her- 
kimer County, N. Y., Feb. 31, 1839, came with 
his father to Illinois in 1844, was admitted to the 
bar at Springfield in 1863, but almost immediately 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



213 



entered the service of the Government, and, a 
year later, was appointed by President Lincoln 
Captain and Assistant Quartermaster, and, under 
command of General Stager, assigned to the 
Department of the Ohio as Military Superintend- 
ent of Telegraphs. At the close of the war he 
was transferred to the Department of the Gulf, 
taking control of military telegraphs in that 
Department with headquarters at New Orleans, 
remaining until August, 1860, meanwhile being 
brevetted Major and Lieutenant-Colonel. For 
the next two years he occupied various positions 
in the civil telegraph service, but, in 1868, resumed 
the practice of law at Springfield, in conjunction 
with liis brother (Eugene L. ) issuing the first 
volume of "Gross' Statutes of Illinois," followed 
in subsequent years by two additional volumes, 
besides an Index to all the Laws of the State. In 
1878 he was elected as a Republican to the General 
Assembly from Sangamon County, and, in 1884, 
was appointed by Governor Hamilton Circuit 
Judge to succeed Judge C. S. Zane, who had been 
appointed Chief Justice of Utah. Upon the organi- 
zation of the Illinois State Bar Association, Judge 
Gross became its first Secretary, serving until 
1883, when he was elected President, again serv- 
ing as Secretary and Treasurer in 1893-94. 

GROSSCUP, Peter Stenger, jurist, born in 
Ashland, Ohio, Feb. 15, 1852; was educated in the 
local schools and Wittenberg College, graduating 
from the latter in 1872 ; read law in Boston, Mass. , 
and settled down to practice in his native town, 
in 1874. He was a candidate for Congress in a 
Democratic District before he was 25 years old, 
but, being a Republican, was defeated. Two 
years later, being thrown by a reapportionment 
into the same district with William McKinley, 
he put that gentleman in nomination for the seat 
in Congress to which he was elected. He re- 
moved to Chicago in 1883, and, for several years, 
was the partner of the late Leonard Swett; in 
December, 1892, was appointed bj' President 
Harrison Judge of the United States District 
Court for the Northern District of Illinois as suc- 
cessor to Judge Henry W. Blodgett. On the 
death of Judge Showalter, in December, 1898, 
Judge Grosscup was appointed his successor as 
Judge of the L'nited States Circuit Court for the 
Seventh Judicial District. Although one of the 
youngest incumbents upon the bench of the 
United States Court, Judge Grosscup has given 
ample evidence of his ability as a jurist, besides 
proving himself in harmony with the progressive 
spirit of the time on questions of national and 
intemationai interest. 



GRUNDY COUNTY, situated in the northeast- 
ern quarter of the State, having an area of 440 
square miles and a population (1900) of 24,136. 
Tlie surface is mainly rolling prairie, beneath 
whicli is a continuous coal seam, three feet thick. 
Building stone is abundant (particularly near 
Morris), and there are considerable beds of pot- 
ter's clay. The county is crossed by the Illinois 
River and the Illinois & Michigan Canal, also by the 
Rock Island and the Chicago & Alton Railways. 
The chief occupation of the people is agriculture, 
although there are several manufacturing estab- 
lishments. The first white settler of whom any 
record has been preserved, was W^illiam Marquis, 
who arrived at the mouth of the Slazon in a 
"prairie schooner" in 1828. Other pioneers 
were Colonel Sayers, W. A. Holloway, Alex- 
ander K. Owen, John Taylor, James McCartney 
and Joab Chappell. The first public land sale 
was made in 1835, and, in 1841, the county was 
organized out of a part of La Salle, and named 
after Felix Grundy, the eminent Tennesseean. 
The first pollbook showed 148 voters. Morris 
was chosen the county-seat and has so re- 
mained. Its present population is 3,653. Another 
prosperous town is Gardner, with 1,100 inhab- 
itants. 

GULLIVER, John Putnam, D.D., LL.D., 
clergyman and educator, was born in Boston, 
Mass., May 12, 1819; graduated at Yale College, 
in 1840, and at Andover Theological Seminary in 
1845, meanwhile serving two years as Principal 
of Randolph Academy. From 1845 to 1865 he 
was pastor of a church at Norwich, Conn., in 
1865-68, of the New England Church, of Chicago, 
and, 1868-72, President of Knox College at Gales- 
burg, 111. The latter year he became pastor of 
the First Presbyterian Church in Binghamton, 
N. Y., remaining until 1878, when he was elected 
Professor of the "Relations of Christianity and 
Secular Science" at Andover, holding this posi- 
tion actively until 1891, and then, as Profe.ssor 
Emeritus, until his death, Jan. 25, 1894. He was 
a member of the Corporation of Yale College 
and had been honored with the degrees of D. D. 
and LL.D. 

Gl'RLEY, William F. E., State Geologist, was 
born at Oswego, N. Y., June 5, 1854; brought by 
his parents to Danville, 111., in 1864, and educated 
in the public schools of that city and Cornell 
University, N. Y. ; served as city engineer of 
Danville in 1885-87, and again in 1891-93. In 
July of the latter year he was appointed by Gov- 
ernor Altgeld State Geologist as successor to Prof. 
Joshua LindahL 



214 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



HACKER, John S., pioneer and soldier of the 
Mexican War, was born at Owensburg, Ky., 
November, 1797; in early life removed to Mis- 
souri, where he was employed in the stock and 
produce trade with New Orleans. Having married 
in 1817, he settled at Jonesboro, Union County, 
111., where he kept a tavern for a number of 
years, and was also engaged some thirty years in 
mercantile business. It is said that he was 
unable to read until taught after marriage by his 
wife, who appears to have been a woman of 
intelligence and many graces. In 1824 he was 
elected Representative in the Fourth General 
Assembly and. in 1834, to the State Senate, serv- 
ing by re-election in 1838 until 1842, and being a 
supporter of the internal improvement scheme. 
In 1837 he voted for the removal of the State 
capital from Vandalia to Springfield, and, though 
differing from Abraham Lincoln politically, was 
one of his warm personal friends. He served in 
the War of 1812 as a private in the Missouri 
militia, and, in the Mexican War, as Captain of a 
company in the Second Regiment, Illinois Volun- 
teers—Col. W. H. Bissell's. By service on the 
staff of Governor Duncan, he had already obtained 
the title of Colonel. He received the nomination 
for Lieutenant-Governor from the first formal 
State Convention of the Democratic party in 
December, 1837, but the head of the ticket (Col. 
J. W. Stephenson) having withdrawn on account 
of charges connected with his administration of 
the Land Office at Dixon, Colonel Hacker also 
declined, and a new ticket was put in the field 
headed by Col. Thomas L. Carlin, which was 
elected in 1838. In 1849 Colonel Hacker made 
the overland journey to California, but returning 
with impaired health in 1852, located in Cairo, 
where he held the position of Surveyor of the 
Port for three years, when he was removed by 
President Buchanan on account of his friendship 
for Senator Douglas. He also served, from 1854 
to '56, as Secretary of the Senate Committee on 
Territories under the Chairmanship of Senator 
Douglas, and, in 1856, as Assistant Doorkeeper of 
the House of Representatives in Washington. In 
1857 he returned to Jonesboro and spent the 
remainder of his life in practical retirement, 
dying at the home of his daughter, in Anna, May 
18, 1878. 

HADLET, William F. L., lawyer and Con- 
gressman, was born near Collinsville, 111., June 
15, 1847; grew up on a farm, receiving his educa- 
tion in the common schools and at McKendree 
College, where he graduated in 1867. In 1871 lie 
graduated from the Law Department of the 



University of Michigan, and established him 
self in the practice of his profession at 
Edwardsville. He was elected to the State Sen- 
ate from Madison County in 1886, serving four 
years, and was nominated for a second term, but 
declined; was a delegate-at-large to the Repub- 
lican National Convention of 1888, and, in 1895, 
was nominated and elected, in the Eighteenth 
District, as a Republican, to the Fifty-fourth Con- 
gress to fill the vacancy caused by the death of 
Hon. Frederick Remann, who had been elected 
in 1894, but died before taking his seat. Mr. 
Hadley was a candidate for re-election in 1896, 
but was prevented by protracted illness from 
making a canvass, and suffered a defeat. He 
is a son-in-law of the late Edward M. West, 
long a prominent business man of Edwards- 
ville, and since his retirement from Congress, has 
devoted his attention to his profession and the 
banking business. 

HAHNEMANN HOSPITAL, a homeopathic hos- 
pital located in Chicago. It was first opened with 
twenty beds, in November, 1870, in a block of 
wooden buildings, the use of which was given 
rent free by Mr. J. Young Scammon, and was 
known as the Scammon Hospital. After the fire 
of October, 1871, Mr. Scammon deeded the prop- 
erty to the Trustees of the Hahnemann Medical 
College, and the hospital was placed on the list 
of public charities. It also received a donation 
of $10,000 from the Relief and Aid Society, 
besides numerous private benefactions. In 
April, 1873, at the suggestion of Mr. Scammon, 
the name of the institution was changed to the 
Hahnemann Hospital, by which designation it 
has since been known. In 1893 the corner-stone 
of a new hospital was laid and the building com- 
pleted in 1894. It is seven stories in height, with 
a capacity for 225 beds, and is equipped with all 
the improved appliances and facilities for the 
care and protection of the sick. It has also about 
sixty private rooms for paying patients. 

HAHNEMANN MEDICAL COLLEGE, located 
in Chicago, chartered in 1834-35, but not organ- 
ized until 1860, when temporary quarters were 
secured over a drug-store, and the first college 
term opened, with a teaching faculty numbering 
nine professors, besides clinical lecturers, demon- 
strators, etc. In 1866-67 the institution moved 
into larger quarters and, in 1870, the corner-stone 
of a new college building was laid. The six suc- 
ceeding years were marked by internal dis.sen- 
sion, ten of the professors withdrawing to 
establish a rival school. The faculty was cur- 
tailed in numbers and re-organized. In August, 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



215 



1892, the comer-stone of a second bailding was 
laid witli appropriate Masonic ceremonies, tlie 
new struct uro occupying tlie site of the old, but 
being larger, better arranged and better equipped. 
Women were admitted as students in 187071 and 
co-education of the sexes has ever since continued 
an established feature of the institution. For 
more than thirty-five years a free dispensary has 
been in operation in connection with the college. 
HAINES, John Charles, Mayor of Chicago and 
legislator, was born in Oneida County, N. Y., 
May 26, 1818; came to Chicago in 1835, and, for 
the next eleven years, was employed in various 
pursuits; served three terms (1848-54) in the City 
Council; was twice elected Water Commissioner 
(1853 and "56), and, in 1858, was chosen Mayor, 
serving two terms. lie also served as Delegate 
from Cook County in the Constitutional Conven- 
tion of 1869-70, and, in 1874, was elected to the 
State Senate from the First District, serving in 
the Twenty-ninth and Thirtieth General Assem- 
blies. At the session of 1877 he received sixty- 
nine votes for the seat in the United States 
Senate to which Judge David Davis was after- 
wards elected. Mr. Haines was a member of the 
Chicago Historical Society, was interested in the 
old Chicago West Division Railway and President 
of the Savings Institute. During his later years 
he was a resident of Waukegan, dying there, 
July 4, 1896. —Elijah Middlebrook (Haines), 
brother of the preceding, lawyer, politician 
and legislator, was born in Oneida County, N. Y., 
April 21, 1822 ; came to Illinois in boyhood, locat- 
ing first at Chicago, but, a year later, went to 
Lake County, where he resided imtil his death. 
His education, rudimentary, classical and profes- 
sional, was self-acquired. He began to occupy 
and cultivate a farm for himself before attaining 
his majority; studied law, and, in 1851, was 
admitted to the bar, beginning practice at Wau- 
kegan; in 1860 opened an office in Chicago, still, 
however, making his home at Waukegan. In 
1855 he published a compilation of the Illinois 
township laws, followed by a "Treatise on the 
Powers and Duties of Justices of the Peace. " He 
made similar compilations of the township laws 
of Michigan, Minnesota, Wisconsin and Missouri. 
By nature Mr. Haines was an agitator, and his 
career as a politician both checkered and iinicpie. 
Originally a Democrat, he abandoned that or- 
ganization upon the formation of the Republican 
party, and was elected by the latter to the Legis- 
lature from Lake County in 1858, '60 and "62. In 
1867 became into prominence as an antimonopo- 
Ust, and on this issue was elected to the Consti- 



tutional Convention of 1869-70. In 1870 he was 
again chosen to the Legislature as an "independ- 
ent," and, as such, re-elected in '74. '82, '84, '86 and 
'88, receiving the support, however, of the Demo- 
crats in a District normally Republican. He 
served as Speaker during the sessions of 1875 and 
'85, the party strength in each of these Assemblies 
being so equalh' divided that he either held, or 
was able to control, the balance of power. He 
was an adroit parliamentarian, but his decisions 
were the cause of much severe criticism, being 
regarded by both Democrats and Republicans as 
often arbitrary and unjust. The two sessions 
over which he presided were among the stormiest 
in the State's history. Died, at Waukegan, April 
25, 1889. 

HALE, Albert, pioneer clergyman, was born 
at Glastonbury, Conn., Nov. 29, 1799; after some 
years spent as a clerk in a country store at 
Wethersfield, completed a course in the theolog- 
ical department of Yale College, later serving as a 
home missionary, in Georgia; came to Illinois in 
1831, doing home missionary work in Bond 
County, and, in 1833, was sent to Chicago, where 
his open candor, benignity and blameless conduct 
enabled him to exert a powerful influence over 
the drunken aborigines who constituted a large 
and menacing class of the population of what 
was then a frontier town. In 1839 he assumed 
the pastorate of the Second Presbyterian Church 
in Springfield, continuing that connection until 
1865. From that time until his death, his life 
was largely devoted to missionary work among 
the extremely poor and the pariahs of society. 
Among these he wielded a large influence and 
ahvajs commanded genuine respect from all 
denominations. His forte was love rather than 
argument, and in this lay the secret of his suc- 
cess. Died, in Springfield, Jan. 30, 1891. 

HALE, (Dr.) Ediviu M., pliysiciau, was born 
in Newport, N. H.. in 1829, commenced the study 
of medicine in 1848 and, in 1850, entered the 
Cleveland Homeopathic College, at the end of the 
session locating at Jonesville, Mich. From 1855 
he laboreil in the interest of a representation of 
liomeopathy in the University of Michigan. 
When this was finally accomplished, he was 
offered the chair of Materia ileilica and Thera- 
peutics, but was compelled to decline in conse- 
quence of having been elected to the same position 
in the Hahnemann Medical College of Chicago. 
In 1876 he made a visit to Europe, and, on his 
return, severed his connection witli the Hahne- 
mann and accepted a similar position in the Chi- 
cago Homeopathic College, where he remained 



216 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



five years when he retired with the rank of Pro- 
fessor Emeritus. Dr. Hale was the author of 
several Tolumes held in high esteem by members 
of the profession, and maintained a high reputa- 
tion for professional skill and benevolence of 
character. He was a member of the Chicago 
Academy of Sciences and an honorary member of 
various home and foreign associations. Died, in 
Chicago, Jan. 18, 1899. 

HALL, (CoL) Cyrus, soldier, was born in Fay- 
ette County, 111., August 29, 1823— the son of a 
pioneer who came to Illinois about the time of 
its admission as a State. He served as Second 
Lieutenant in the Third Illinois Volunteers (Col. 
Foreman's regiment), during the Mexican War. 
and, in 1860, removed to Slielbyville to engage in 
hotel-keeping. The Civil War coming on, he 
raised the first company for the war in Shelby 
County, which was attached to the Fourteenth 
Illinois (Col. John M. Palmer's regiment); was 
promptly promoted from Captain to Major and 
finally to Lieutenant-Colonel, on the promotion 
of Palmer to Brigadier-General, succeeding to 
command of the regiment. The Fourteenth 
Regiment having been finally consolidated with 
the Fifteenth, Lieutenant-Colonel Hall was 
transferred, with the rank of Colonel, to the 
command of the One Hundred and Forty-fourth 
Illinois, which he resigned in March, 1864, was 
brevetted Brigadier-General for gallant and 
meritorious service in the field, in March, 1865, 
and mustered out Sept. 16, 1865. Returning to 
Shelbyville, he engaged in the furniture trade, 
later was appointed Postmaster, serving some ten 
years and until his death, Sept. 6. 1878. 

HALL, James, legislator, jurist, State Treasurer 
and author, was born in Philadelphia, August 
19, 1793; after serving in the War of 1812 and 
spending some time with Com. Stephen Decatur 
in the Mediterranean, in 1815, he studied law, 
beginning practice at Shawneetown, in 1820. 
He at once assumed prominence as a citizen, was 
appointed State's Attorney in 1821, and elevated 
to the bench of the Circuit Court in 1825. He 
was legislated out of office two years later and 
resumed private practice, making his home at 
Vandalia, where he was associated with Robert 
Blackwell in the publication of "The Illinois 
Intelligencer." The same year (1827) he was 
elected by the Legislature State Treasurer, con- 
tinuing in office four years. Later he removed to 
Cincinnati, where he died, July 5. 1868. He con- 
ducted "The Western Monthly Magazine," the 
first periodical published in Illinois. Among his 
published volumes may be mentioned "Tales of 



the Border," "Notes on the Western States," 
"Sketches of the West," "Romance of Western 
History," and "History of the Indian Tribes." 

HAMER, Thomas, soldier and legislator, was 
born in Union County, Pa., June 1, 1818; came 
to Illinois in 1846 and began business as a mer- 
chant at Vermont, Fulton County; in 1862 
assisted in recruiting the Eighty-fourth Illinois 
Volunteers and was elected Lieutenant-Colonel; 
was wounded in the battle of Stone River, re- 
turned to duty after partial recovery, but was 
finally compelled to retire on account of disabil- 
ity. Returning home he resumed business, but 
retired in 1878 ; was elected Representative in the 
General Assembly in 1886 and to the Senate in 
1888, and re-elected to the latter in 1892, making 
ten years of continuous service. 

HAMILTON, a city in Hancock County, on the 
Mississippi River opposite Keokuk, Iowa ; at junc- 
tion of the Toledo, Peoria & Western and Keokuk 
branch of the Wabash Railway. Its position at 
the foot of the lower rapids insures abundant 
water power for manufacturing purposes. An 
iron railroad and wagon bridge connects the Illi- 
nois city with Keokuk. It has two banks, elec- 
tric lights, one newspaper, six churches, a high 
school, and an apiary. The surrounding country 
is a farming and fruit district. A sanitarium 
is located here. Population (1890), 1,301; (1900), 
1,344. 

HAMILTON, John B., M.D, LL.D., surgeon, 
was born of a pioneer family in Jersey County, 
111., Dec. 1, 1847, his grandfather. Thomas M. 
Hamilton, having removed from Ohio in 1818 to 
Monroe County, 111., where the father of the sub- 
ject of this sketch was born. The latter (Elder 
Benjamin B. Hamilton) was for fifty years a 
Baptist preacher, chiefly in Greene County, and, 
from 1862 to '65, Chaplain of the Sixty-first Illi- 
nois Volunteers. Young Hamilton, having re- 
ceived his literary education at home and with a 
classical teacher at Edinburgh, Scotland, in 1863 
began the study of medicine, and the following 
year attempted to enlist as a soldier, but was 
rejected on account of being a minor. In 1869 he 
graduated from Rush Medical College in Chicago, 
and, for the next five years, was engaged in gen- 
eral practice. Then, having passed an examina- 
tion before an Army Examining Board, he was 
appointed Assistant Surgeon in the regular army 
with the rank of First Lieutenant, serving suc- 
cessively at Jefferson Barracks, St. Louis ; Fort 
Colville, Washington, and in the Marine Hospital 
at Boston ; in 1879 became Supervising Surgeon- 
General as successor to Gen. John M. Woodworth 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



217 



and, during the yellow-fever epidemic in the 
South, a few years later, rendered efficient service 
in checking tlie spread of the disease by taking 
charge of the camp of refugees from Jacksonville 
and other stricken points. Resigning the position 
of Surgeon-General in 1891, he took charge of the 
Marine Hospital at Chica,go and became Pro- 
fessor of Surgery in Rush Medical College, besides 
holding other allied positions; was also editor of 
"The Journal of the American Medical Associ- 
ation." In 1896 he resigned his position in the 
Medical Department of the United States Army, 
in 1897 was appointed Superintendent for the 
Northern Hospital for the Insane at Elgin, but 
died, Dec. 24, 1898. 

HAMILTON, John L., farmer and legislator, 
was born at Newry, Ireland, Nov. 9, 1829; emi- 
grated to Jersey County, 111., in 1851, where he 
began life working on a farm. Later, he followed 
the occupation of a farmer in Mason and Macou- 
pin Counties, finally locating, in 1864, in Iroquois 
County, which has since been his home. After 
filling various local offices, in 1875 he was elected 
County Treasurer of Iroquois County as a Repub- 
lican, and twice re-elected (1877 and '79), also, in 
1880, being Chairman of the Republican County 
Central Committee. In 1884 he was elected to 
the House of Representatives, being one of the 
"103" who stood by General Logan in the mem- 
orable Senatorial contest of 1885 ; was re-elected 
in 1886, and again returned to the same body in 
1890 and '98. 

HAMILTON. John Marshall, lawyer and ex- 
Governor, was born in Union County, Ohio, May 
28, 1847; when 7 years of age, was brought to 
Illinois by his father, who settled on a farm in 
Marshall County. In 1864 (at the age of 17) he 
enlisted in the One Hundred and Forty-first Illi- 
nois Volunteers — a 100-day regiment. After 
being mvistered out, he matriculated at the Wes- 
leyan (Ohio) University, from which he gradu- 
ated in 1868. For a year he tauglit school at 
Henry, and later became Profe.ssor of Languages 
at the Wesleyan (111.) University at Blooming- 
ton. He was admitted to the bar in 1870, and has 
been a successful practitioner at the bar. In 
1876 he was elected State Senator from McLean 
County, and, in 1880, Lieutenant-Governor on the 
ticket with Gov. Shelby M. Cullom. On Feb. 6, 
1883, he was inaugurated Governor, to succeed 
Governor Cullom, who had been chosen United 
States Senator. In 1884 he was a candidate for 
the gtibernatorial nomination before the Repub- 
lican State Convention at Peoria, but that Imdy 
selected ex-Gov. and ex-Senator Richard J. 



Oglesby to head the State ticket. Since then 
Governor Hamilton has been a prominent practi- 
tioner at the Chicago bar. 

HAMILTON, Richard Jones, pioneer lawyer, 
was born near Danville. Kj"., August 21, 1799; 
studied law and. about 1820, came to Jonesboro, 
Union County, 111., in company with Abner Field, 
afterwards State Treasurer ; in 1821 was appointed 
cashier of the newly established Branch State 
Bank at Brownsville, Jackson County, but, in 
1831, removed to Chicago, Governor Reynolds 
having appointed him the first Probate Judge of 
Cook County. At the same time he also held the 
offices of Circuit and County Clerk, Recorder and 
Commissioner of School lands — the sale of the 
Chicago school section being made under his 
administration. He was a Colonel of State militia 
and, in 1832, took an active part in raising volun- 
ters for defense during the Black Hawk War; 
also was a candidate for the colonelcy of the 
Fifth Regiment for the Mexican War (1847), 
but was defeated by Colonel Newby. In 1856 
he was an unsuccessful candidate for Lieu- 
tenant-Governor on the Democratic ticket. Died, 
Dec. 26, 1860. 

HAMILTON, William Stephen, pioneer — son 
of Alexander Hamilton, first United States Secre- 
tary of the Treasury — was born in New York 
City, August 4, 1797; spent three years (1814-17), 
at West Point ; came west and located at an early 
day at Springfield, 111. ; was a deputy surveyor of 
public lands, elected Representative from Sanga- 
mon County, in the Fourth General Assembly 
(1824-26); in 1827 removed to the Lead Mine 
region and engaged in mining at "Hamilton's 
Diggings" (now Wiota) in southwest Wisconsin, 
and occasionally practiced law at Galena ; was a 
member of the Wisconsin Territorial Legislature 
of 1842-43, emigrated to California in 1849, and 
died in Sacramento, Oct. 9, 1850, where, some 
twenty years later, a monument was erected to 
his memory. Colonel Hamilton was an aid-de- 
camp of Governor Coles, who sent him forward 
to meet General La Fayette on his way from New 
Orleans, on occasion of La Fayette's visit to Illi- 
nois in 1825. 

HAMILTON COUNTY, situated in the south- 
eastern part of the State; has an area of 440 
square miles, and population (1900) of 20,197 — 
named for Alexander Hamilton. It was organ- 
ized in 1821, with McLeansboro as the county- 
seat. The surface of the county is rolling and 
the fertile soil well watered and drained by 
numerous creeks, flowing east and south into the 
Wabash, which constitutes its southeastern 



218 



HISTOEICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



botindary. Coal crops out at various points in 
the southwestern portion. Originally Hamilton 
County was a dense forest, and timber is still 
abundant and saw-mills numerous. Among the 
hard woods found are black and wliite oak, black 
walnut, ash and hickory. The softer woods are 
in unusual variety. Corn and tobacco are the 
principal crops, although considerable fruit is 
cultivated, besides oats, winter wheat and pota- 
toes. Sorghum is also extensively produced. 
Among the pioneer settlers was a Mr. Auxier (for 
whom a water course was named), in 1815; Adam 
Crouch, the Biggerstaffs and T. Stelle, in 1818, 
and W. T. Golson and Louis Baxter, in 1821. 
The most important town is McLeansboro, whose 
population in 1890 was 1,3.5.5. 

HAMMOND, Charles Goodrich, Railway Mana- 
ger, was born at Bolton, Conn., June 4, 1804, 
spent his youth in Chenango County, N. Y., 
where he became Principal of the Whitesboro 
Seminary (in which he was partially educated), 
and entered mercantile life at Canandaigua; 
in 1834 removed to Michigan, where he held 
various offices, including member of the Legisla- 
ture and Auditor; in 18.52 completed the con- 
struction of the Michigan Central Railroad (the 
first Une from the East) to Chicago, and took up 
his residence in that city. In 1855 he became 
Superintendent of the Chicago, Burlington & 
Quincy Railroad, but soon resigned to take a 
trip to Europe for the benefit of his health. 
Returning from Europe in 1869, he accepted the 
Superintendency of the Union Pacific Railroad, 
but was compelled to resign by failing health, later 
becoming Vice-President of the Pullman Palace 
Car Company. He was Treasurer of the Chicago 
Relief & Aid Society after the fire of 1871, and 
one of the founders of the Chicago Theological 
Seminary (Congregational); also President, for 
several years, of the Chicago Home for the Friend- 
less. Died, April 15, 1884. 

HAMPSHIRE, a village of Kane County, on 
the Omaha Division of the Chicago, Milwaukee 
& St. Paul Railway, 51 miles west-northwest from 
Chicago. There are brick and tile works, a large 
canning factory, pickle factory, and machine 
shop ; dairy and stock interests are large. The 
place has a bank, electric lights and water-works, 
and a weekly paper. Pop. (1890), 096; (1900), TOO. 

HANCOCK COUNTY, on the western border of 
the State, bounded on the west by the Mississippi 
River; was organized in 1825 and named for John 
Hancock ; has an area of 709 square miles ; popu- 
lation (1900), 33,215. Its early settlers were 
chiefly from the Middle and Southern States, 



among them being I. J. Waggen, for nearly sixty 
years a resident of Montebello Township. Black 
Hawk, the famous Indian Chief, is reputed to 
have been born within the limits of Camp Creek 
Township, in this county. Fort Edwards was 
erected on the present site of Warsaw, soon after 
the War of 1812, but was shortly afterwards evac- 
uated. Abraham Lincoln, a cousin of the Presi- 
dent of that name, was one of the early settlers. 
Among the earliest were John Day, Abraham 
Brewer, Jacob Compton, D. F. Parker, the Dixons, 
Mendenhalls, Logans, and Luther Whitney. 
James White, George Y. Cutler and Henry Nich- 
ols were the first Commissioners. In 1839 the 
Mormons crossed the Missis.sippi, after being 
expelled from Missouri, and founded the city of 
Nauvoo in this county. (See Mormoyis, Nauvoo.) 
Carthage and Appanoose were surveyed and laid 
out in 1835 and 1830. A ferry across the Missis- 
sippi was established at Montebello (near the 
present site of Hamilton) in 1829, and another, 
two years later, near the site of old Fort Edwards. 
The county is crossed by six lines of railway, has 
a fine public school system, numerous thriving 
towns, and is among the wealthy counties of the 
State. 

HANDY, Moses Purnell, journalist, was born 
at Warsaw, Mo., April 14, 1847; before he was 
one year old was taken back to Maryland, his 
parents' native State. He was educated at Ports- 
mouth, Va., and was a student at the Virginia 
Collegiate Institute at the breaking out of the 
Civil War, when he joined the Confederate army 
at the age of seventeen. When the war ended 
Handy found himself penniless. He was school- 
teacher and book-canvasser by turns, meantime 
writing some for a New York paper. Later he 
became a clerk in the office of "The Christian 
Observer" in Richmond. In 1867, by some clever 
reporting for "The Richmond Dispatch," he was 
able to secure a regular position on the local staff 
of that paper, quickly gaining a reputation as a 
successful reporter, and, in 1.809, becoming city 
editor. From this time until 1887 his promotion 
was rapid, being employed at different times upon 
many of the most prominent and influential 
papers in the East, including "The New York 
Tribune," "Richmond Enquirer," and, in Phila- 
delphia, upon "The Times," "The Press" and 
"Dailj' News." In 1893, at the request of Director- 
General Davis of the World's Columbian Exposi- 
tion, Mr. Handy accepted the position of Chief of 
the Department of Publicity and Promotion, pre- 
ferring this to the Consul-Generalship to Egypt, 
tendered him about the same time by President 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



219 



Harrison. Later, as a member of the National 
Commission to Europe, he did much to arouse the 
interest of foreign countries in the Exposition. 
For some time after the World's Fair, he was 
associate editor of "The Chicago Tiines-Herald." 
In 1897, having beou appointed by President 
Mclvinley United States Commissioner to the 
Paris Exposition of 1900, he visited Paris. Upon 
his return to this country he found himself in 
very poor health, and went South in a vain 
attempt to regain his lost strength and vigor, but 
died, at Augusta, Ga., Jan. 8, 1898. 

HANKS, Dennis, pioneer, born in Hardin 
County, Ky., Maj- l^, 1799; was a cousin of the 
mother of Abraham Lincoln and, although ten 
years the senior of the latter, was his intimate 
friend in boyhood. Being of a sportive disposi- 
tion, he often led the future President in boyish 
pranks. About 1818, he joined the Lincoln house- 
hold in Spencer County, Ind., and finally married 
Sarah Johnston, the step-sister of Mr. Lincoln, 
the families removing to Macon County, 111., 
together, in 1830. A year or so later, Mr. Hanks 
removed to Coles Count}', where he remained 
until some three years before his death, when he 
went to reside with a daughter at Paris, Edgar 
County. It has been claimed that he first taught 
the youthful Abraham to read and write, and 
this has secured for him the title of Mr. Lincoln's 
teacher. He has also been credited with having 
once saved Lincoln from death by drowning while 
crossing a swollen stream. Austin Gollaher, a 
school- and play-mate of Lincoln's, has also made 
the same claim for himself — the two stories pre- 
sumably referring to the same event After the 
riot at Charleston, 111., in March, 1863, in which 
several persons were killed, Hanks made a visit 
to President Lincoln in Washington in the inter- 
est of some of the arrested rioters, and, although 
they were not immediately released, the fact that 
they were ordered returned to Charleston for 
trial and finally escaped punisliment, has been 
attributed to Hanks' influence with the President. 
He died at Paris, Edgar County, Oct. 31. 1892, in 
the 94th year of his age, as the result of injuries 
received from being run over by a buggy while 
returning from an Emancipation-Day celebra- 
tion, near that city, on the 22d day of September 
previous. 

HANKS, John, pioneer, a cousin of the mother 
of Abraham Lincoln, was born near Bardstown, 
Ky., Feb. 9, 1802; joined the Lincolns in Spencer 
County, Ind., in 1822, and made his home with 
them two years; engaged in flat boating, making 
numerous trips to New Orleans, in one of them 



being accompanied by Abraham Lincoln, then 
about 19 years of age, who then had his feelings 
aroused against slavery by his first sight of a 
slave-mart. In 1828 Mr. Hanks removed to 
Macon County, 111., locating about four miles 
west of Decatur, and it was partly through his 
influence that the Lincolns were induced to emi- 
grate to the same locality in 1830. Hanks had 
cut enough logs to build the Lincolns a house 
when they arrived, and these were hauled by 
Abraham Lincoln to the site of the house, which 
was erected on the north bank of the Sangamon 
River, near the present site of Harristown. Dur- 
ing the following summer he and Abraham Lin- 
coln worked together splitting rails to fence a 
portion of the land taken up by the elder Lincoln 
— some of these rails being the ones displayed 
during the campaign of 1860. In 1831 Hanks and 
Lincoln worked together in the construction of a 
flat-boat on the Sangamon River, near Spring- 
field, for a man named Off utt, which Lincoln took 
to New Orleans — Hanks only going as far as 
St. Louis, when he returned home. In 1832, 
Hanks served as a soldier of the Mexican War in 
the company commanded by Capt. I. C. Pugh, 
afterwanls Colonel of the Forty-first Illinois 
Volunteer Infantry during the Civil War. He 
followed the occupation of a farmer until 18,50, 
when he went to California, where he spent three 
years, returning in 18.'J3. In 1861 he enlLsted as 
a soldier in the Twenty-first Illinois Volunteer 
Infantry (afterwards commanded by General 
Grant), but being already 59 years of age, was 
placed by Grant in charge of the baggage-train, 
in which capacity he remained two years, serving 
in Missouri, Tennessee, Arkansas, Kentucky, 
Alabama and Mississijipi. While Grant was with 
the regiment. Hanks had charge of the staff team. 
Being disabled by rheumatism, he was finally 
discharged at Winchester, Tenn. He made 
three trips to California after the war. Died, 
July 1, 1891. 

HANMHAL & NAPLES RAILROAD. (See 
Wabaxh R<iiIroad. ) 

HAXON, Martin, pioneer, was bom near Nash- 
ville, Tenn., April, 1799; came with his father to 
Gallatin County, Illinois Territory, in 1812, and, 
in 1818, to what is now a portion of Christian 
County, being the first white .settler in that 
region. Died, near Sharpsburg. Christian County, 
April .'). 1879. 

HANOVEK, a village in Jo Daviess County, on 
Apple River, 14 miles south-southeast of Galena. 
It has a woolen factory, besides five churches and 
a graded school. The Township (also called Han- 



220 



HISTOKICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



over) extends to the Mississippi, and has a popu- 
lation of about 1,700. Population of the village 
(1890), 743; (1900), 785. 

HARDIN, the county-seat of Calhoun County, 
situated in Hardin Township, on the west bank 
of the Illinois River, some 30 miles northwest of 
Alton. It has two churches, a graded school and 
two newspaper offices. Population (1880), 500; 
(1890), 311; (1900). 494. 

HARDIN, John J., lawyer. Congressman and 
soldier, was born at Frankfort, Ky., Jan. 6, 1810. 
After graduating from Transylvania University 
and being admitted to the bar, he began practice 
at Jacksonville, 111., in 1830; for several years he 
was Prosecuting Attorney of Morgan County, 
later being elected to the lower house of the 
Legislature, where he served from 1836 to '42. 
The latter year he was elected to Congress, his 
term expiring in 1845. During the later period 
1 of his professional career at Jacksonville he was 
the partner of David A. Smith, a prominent law- 
yer of that city, and had Richard Yates for a 
pupil. At the outbreak of the Mexican War he 
was commissioned Colonel of the First Illinois 
Volunteers (June 30, 1846) and was killed on the 
second day of the battle of Buena Vista (Feb. 27, 
1847) while leading the final charge. His remains 
were brought to Jacksonville and buried with 
distinguished honors in the cemetery there, his 
former pupil, Richard Yates, delivering the fu- 
neral oration. — Gen. Martin D. (Hardin), soldier, 
son of the preceding, was born in Jacksonville, 111. , 
June 26, 1837 ; graduated at West Point Military 
Academy, in 1859, and entered the service as 
brevet Second Lieutenant of the Third Artillery, 
a few months later becoming full Second Lieu- 
tenant, and, in May, 1861, First Lieutenant. 
Being assigned to the command of volunteer 
troops, he passed through various grades until 
May, 1864, when he was brevetted Colonel of 
Volunteers for meritorious conduct at North 
River, Va., became Brigadier-General of Volun- 
teers, July 2, 1864, was brevetted Brigadier- 
General of the regular army in March, 1865, 
for service during the war, and was finally mus- 
tered out of the volunteer service in January, 
1866. He continued in the regular service, how- 
ever, until December 15, 1870, when he was 
retired with the rank of Brigadier-General. 
General Hardin lost an arm and suffered other 
wounds during the war. His home is in Chicago. 
— Ellen Hardin (Walworth), author, daughter of 
Col. John J. Hardin, was born in Jacksonville, 
111., Oct. 20, 1832, and educated at the Female 
Seminary in that place ; was married about 1854 



to Mansfield Tracy Walworth (son of Chancellor 
R. H. Walworth of New York). Her husband 
became an author of considerable repute, chiefly in 
the line of fiction, but was assassinated in 1873 by 
a son who was acquitted of the charge of murder 
on the ground of insanity. Mrs. Walworth is a 
leader of the Daughters of the Revolution, and 
has given much attention, of late years, to literary 
pursuits. Among her works are accounts of the 
Burgoyne Campaign and of the battle of Buena 
Vista — the latter contributed to "The Magazine 
of American History"; a "Life of Col. John J. 
Hardin and History of the Hardin Family," 
besides a number of patriotic and miscellaneous 
poems and essays. She served for several years 
as a member of the Board of Education, and was 
for six years principal of a yovmg ladies' school 
at Saratoga Springs, N. Y. 

HARDIN COUNTY, situated on the southeast 
border of the State, and bounded on the east and 
south by the Ohio River. It has an area of 194 
square miles, and was named for a county in 
Kentucky. The surface is broken by ridges and 
deep gorges, or ravines, and well timbered with 
oak, hickory, elm, maple, locust and cotton- 
wood. Corn, wheat and oats are the staple 
agricultural products. The minerals found are 
iron, coal and lead, besides carboniferous lime- 
stone of the Keokuk group. Elizabethtown is 
the county-seat. Population (1880), 6,024; (1890), 
7,234; (1900), 7,448. 

HARDING, Abner Clark, soldier and Member 
of Congress, bom in East Hampton, Middlesex 
County, Conn., Feb. 10, 1807; was educated chiefly 
at Hamilton Academy, N. Y., and, after practic- 
ing law for a time, in Oneida County, removed to 
Illinois, resuming practice and managing several 
farms for twenty-five years. He was also a mem- 
ber of the State Constitutional Convention of 
1847 from Warren County, and of the lower 
branch of the Sixteenth General Assembly 
(1848-50). Between 1850 and 1860 he was engaged 
in railroad enterprises. In 1862 he enlisted as a 
private in the Eighty-third Illinois Volunteer 
Infantry, was commissioned Colonel and, in less 
than a year, was promoted to Brigadier-General. 
In 1864 he was elected to Congress and re-elected 
in 1866. He did much for the development of the 
western part of the State in the construction of 
railroads, the Peoria & Oquawka (now a part of 
the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy) being one of 
the lines constructed by him. He left a fortune 
of about 52,000,000, and, before his death, en- 
dowed a professorship in Monmouth College. 
Died. July 19, 1874. 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



221 



HARORATE, WIlHs, pioneer, came from Ken- 
tucky to Illinois in 1816. settling near Carmi in 
White County; served in the Third Territorial 
Legislature (1817-18; and in the First General 
As-senibly of the State (1818-20>, His business- 
life in Illinois was devoted to farming and salt- 
manufacture. 

H.<RL.VX, James, statesman, was born in Clark 
Count3-, 111., August 25, 1830; graduated at Asbury 
University, Ind. ; was State Superintendent of 
Public Instruction in Iowa (1817), President of 
Iowa Wesleyan University (1853), United States 
Senator (1855-65), Secretary of the Interior 
(1865-66), but re-elected to the Senate the latter 
year, and, in 1869, chosen President of Iowa Uni- 
versity. He was also a member of the Peace 
Conference of 1861, and a delegate to the Phila- 
delphia Loyalists' Convention of 1866; in 1873, 
after leaving the Senate, was editor of "The 
Washington Chronicle," and, from 1883 to 1885, 
presiding Judge of the Coui't of Commissioners of 
the Alabama Claims. A daughter of ex-Senator 
Harlan married Hon. Robert. T. Lincoln, son of 
President Lincoln, and (1889-93) United States 
Minister to England. Mr. Harlan's home is at 
Mount Pleasant, Iowa. Died, Oct. 5, 1899. 

HARLAN, Justin, jurist, was born in Ohio 
about 1801 and, at the age of 25, settled in Clark 
County, HI. ; served in the Black Hawk War of 
1832 and, in 1835, was appointed a Justice of the 
Circuit Court; was a Delegate to the Con,stitu- 
tional Convention of 1847 and the following year 
was elected to the Circuit bench under the new 
Constitution, being re-elected in 1855. In 1863 
he was appointed by President Lincoln Indian 
Agent, continuing in office until 1865; in 1873 
was elected County Judge of Clark County. 
Died, while on a visit in Kentucky, in March, 
1879. 

HARLOW, George H., ex-Secretary of State, 
born at Sackett's Harbor. N. Y. , in 1830, removed 
to Tazewell County. 111., in 1854, and engaged in 
business as a commission merchant ; also served 
a term as Mayor of Pekin. For manj' years he 
took a prominent part in the history of the State. 
Early in the '60's he was one of seven to organize, 
at Pekin, the "Union League of America," a 
patriotic secret organization sworn to preserve 
the Union, working in harmony with the war 
party and against the "Sons of Liberty." In 
1862 he enlisted, and was about to go to the front, 
when Governor Yates requested him to remain at 
home and continue his effective work in the 
Union League, saying that he could accomplish 
more for the cause in this wav than in the field. 



Accordingly Mr. Harlow continued to labor as an 
organizer, and the League became a powerful 
factor in State politics. In 1865 he was made 
First Assistant Secretary of the State Senate, 
but soon after became Governor Oglesby's private 
secretary. For a time he also served as Inspector- 
General on the Governor's staff, and had charge 
of the troops as they were mustered out. During 
a portion of Mr. Rummel's term (1869-73) as Secre- 
tary of State, lie served as Assistant Secretary, 
and, in 1873, was elected as successor to Secretary 
Rummel and re-elected in 1876. While in Spring- 
field he acted as correspondent for several news- 
papers, and, for a year, was city editor of "The 
Illinois State Journal." In 1881 he took up his 
residence in Chicago, where he was engaged at 
different periods in the commission and real 
estate business, but has been retired of late years 
on account of ill health. Died May 16, 1900. 

HARPER, William H., legislator and commis- 
sion merchant, born in Tippecanoe County, Ind., 
May 4, 1845; was brought by his parents in boy- 
hood to Woodford County, III, and served in the 
One Hundred and Forty-fifth Illinois Volunteers; 
took a course in a commercial college and engaged 
in the stock and grain-shipping business in Wood- 
ford County until 1868, when he entered upon the 
commission business in Chicago. From 1872 to 
'75 he served, by appointment of the Governor, 
as Chief of the Grain Inspection Department of 
the city of Chicago; in 1882 was elected to the 
Thirty-third General Assembly and re-elected in 
1884. During his first term in the Legislature, 
Mr. Harper intro<luced and secured the passage 
of the "High License Law," which has received 
his name. Of late years he has been engaged in 
the grain commission business in Chicago. 

HARPER, William Rainey, clergyman and 
educator, was born at New Concord, Ohio, July 
26, 1856; graduated at Mu.skingum College at the 
age of 14, delivering the Hebrew oration, this 
being one of the principal commencement honors 
in that institution. After three years' private 
study lie took a post-graduate cour.se in philology 
at Yale, receiving the degree of Ph. D. , at the age 
of 19. For several years he was engaged in 
teaching, at Macon, Tenn., and Denison Uni- 
versity, Ohio, meanwhile continuing his philo- 
logical studies and devoting special attention to 
Hebrew. In 1879 he accepted the chair of 
Hebrew in the Baptist Union Theological Semi- 
nary at Morgan Park, a suburb of Chicago. Here 
he laid the foundation of the "inductive method" 
of Hebraic study, which rapidly grew in favor. 
The school by correspondence was known as the 



222 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



"American Institute of Hebrew," and increased 
so rapidly that, by 1885, it had enrolled 800 stu- 
dents, from all parts of the world, many leading 
professors co-operating. In 1886 he accepted the 
professorship of Semitic Language and Literature 
at Yale University, having in tlie previous year 
become Principal of the Chautauqua College of 
Liberal Arts, and, in 1891, Principal of the 
entire Chautauqua system. During the winters 
of 1889-91, Dr. Harper delivered courses of lec- 
tures on the Bible in various cities and before 
several universities and colleges, having been, 
in 1889, made Woolsey Professor of Biblical 
Literature at Yale, although still filling his 
former chair. In 1891 he accepted an invitation 
to the Presidency of the then incipient new Chi- 
cago University, which has rapidly increased in 
wealth, extent and influence. (See University 
of Chicago.) He is also at present (1899) a mem- 
ber of the Chicago Board of Education. Dr. 
Harper is the author of numerous philological 
text-books, relating chiefly to Hebrew, but ap- 
plying the "inductive method" to the study of 
Latin and Greek, and has also sought to improve 
the study of English along these same lines. In 
addition, he has edited two scientific periodicals, 
and published numerous monographs. 

HARRIS, Thomas L., lawyer, soldier and Mem- 
ber of Congress, was born at Norwich, Conn., 
Oct. 29, 1816; graduated at Trinity College. Hart- 
ford, in 1841, studied law with Gov. Isaac Toucey, 
and was admitted to the bar in Virginia in 1842, 
the same year removing to Petersburg, Menard 
County, 111. Here, in 1845, he was elected School 
Commissioner, in 1846 raised a company for the 
Mexican War, joined the Fourth Regiment (Col. 
E. D. Baker's) and was elected Major. He was 
present at the capture of Vera Cruz and the 
battle of Cerro Gordo, after the wounding of 
General Shields at the latter, taking command of 
the regiment in place of Colonel Baker, who had 
assumed command of the brigade. During his 
absence in the army (1846) he was chosen 
to the State Senate; in 1848 was elected to 
the Thirty-first Congress, but was defeated by 
Richard Yates in 1850; was re-elected in 1854, 
'56, and '58, but died Nov. 24, 1858, a few days after 
his fourth election and before completing his 
preceding term. 

HARRIS, William Logan, Methodist Episcopal 
Bishop, born near Mansfield, Ohio, Nov. 14, 1817; 
was educated at Norwalk Seminary, licensed to 
preach in 1836 and soon after admitted to the 
Michigan Conference, being transferred to the 
Ohio Conference in 1840. In 1845-46 he was a 



tutor in the Ohio Wesleyan University; then, 
after two years' pastoral work and some three 
years as Principal of Baldwin Seminary, in 1851 
returned to the Wesleyan, filling the position 
first of Principal of the Academic Department 
and then a professorship; was Secretary of the 
General Conferences (1856-72) and, during 1860-72, 
Secretary of the Church Missionary Society; in 
1872 was elected Bishop, and visited the Methodist 
Mission stations in China, Japan and Europe; 
joined the Illinois Conference in 1874, remaining 
until his death, which occurred in New York, 
Sept. 2, 1887. Bishop Harris was a recognized au- 
thority on Methodist Church law, and published 
a small work entitled "Powers of the General 
Conference" (1859), and, in connection with 
Judge William J. Henry, of this State, a treatise 
on "Ecclesiastical Law," having special refer- 
ence to the Methodist Church. 

HARRISBURG, county -seat of Saline County, 
on the Cleveland, Cincinnati, Chicago & St. 
Louis Railway, 70 miles northeast of Cairo The 
region is devoted to agriculture and fruit-grow- 
ing, and valuable deposits of salt, coal and iron 
are found. The town has flour and saw mills, 
coal mines, dairy, brick and tile works, carriage 
and other wood-working establishments, two 
banks and three weekly newspapers. Population 
(1890), 1,733; (1900), 2,203. 

HARRISON, Carter Henry, politician. Con- 
gressman and Mayor of Chicago, was born in 
Fayette County, Ky., Feb. 15, 1825; at the age of 
20 years graduated from Yale College and began 
reading law, but later engaged in farming. After 
spending two years in foreign travel, he entered 
the Law Department of Transylvania University, 
at Lexington, Ky., and, after graduation, settled 
at Chicago, where he soon became an operator in 
real estate. In 1871 he was elected a Commis- 
sioner of Cook County, serving three years. In 
1874 he again visited Europe, and, on his return, 
was elected to Congress as a Democrat, being 
re-elected in 1876. In 1879 he was chosen Mayor 
of Chicago, filling that office for four successive 
biennial terras, but was defeated for re-election 
in 1887 by his Republican competitor, John A. 
Roche. He was the Democratic candidate for 
Governor in 1888, but failed of election. He 
thereafter made a trip around the world, and, on 
his return, published an entertaining account of 
his journey under the title, "A Race with the 
Sun." In 1891 he was an Independent Demo- 
cratic candidate for the Chicago mayoralty, but 
was defeated by Hempstead Washburne, Repub- 
lican. In 1893 he received the regular nomina- 



HISTORICAL EXCYCLOPEDIA OP ILLINOIS. 



223 



tion of his party for the office, and was elected. 
In 1893, in connection with a few associates, he 
purchased the plant of "The Chicago Times, ' " plac- 
ing his sons in charge. He was a man of strong 
character and intense personality, making warm 
friends and bitter enemies; genial, generous and 
kiudlj", and accessible to any one at all times, at 
either his office or his home. Taking advantage 
of this latter trait, one Prendergast, on the night 
of Oct. 28, 1893 — immediately following the clos- 
ing exercises of the World's Columbian Exposition 
— gained admission to his residence, and, without 
the slightest provocation, shot him down in his 
library. He lived but a few hours. The assassin 
was subsequently tried, convicted and hung. 

HARRISON', Carter Henry, Jr., son of the 
preceding, was born in Chicago. April 23, 1860, 
being a lineal descendant of Benjamin Harrison, 
an early Colonial Governor of Virginia, and lat- 
erally related to the signer of the Declaration 
of Independence of that name, and to President 
William Henry Harrison. Mr. Harrison was 
educated in the public schools of Chicago, at the 
Gymnasium, Altenburg, Germany, and St. Igna- 
tius College, Chicago, graduating from the latter 
in 1881. Having taken a course in Yale Law 
School, he began practice in Chicago in 1883, 
remaining until 1889, when he turned his atten- 
tion to real estate. His father having purchased 
the "Chicago Times" about 1892, he became 
associated with the editorship of that paper and, 
for a time, had charge of its publication until its 
consolidation with "The Herald" in 189.1. In 
1897, he received the Democratic nomination for 
Mayor of Chicago, his popularity being shown by 
receiving a majority of the total vote. Again 
in 1399, he was re-elected to the same office, 
receiving a plurality over his Republican com- 
petitor of over 40.000. Mayor Harrison is one of 
the youngest men who ever held the office. 

HARRISON, William Henry, first Governor of 
Indiana Territory (including the present State of 
Illinois), was born at Berkeley, Va.. Feb 9, 1TT3, 
being the son of Benjamin Harrison, a signer of 
the Declaration of Independence; was educated 
at Hampden Sidney College, and began the study 
of medicine, but never finished it. In 1791 he 
was commissioned an Ensign in the First U. S. 
Infantry at Fort Washington (the present site of 
Cincinnati), was promoted a Lieutenant a year 
later, and, m 1797, assigned to command of the 
Fort with the rank of Captain. He had pre- 
viously served as Aidde-Camp to Gen. Wayne, 
by whom he was comi)limented for gallantry at 
the battle of Miami. In 1798 he was appointed by 



President Adams Secretary of the Northwest 
Territory, but resigned in 1799 to become Dele- 
gate in Congress ; in 1800 he was appointed Gov- 
ernor of the newly created Territory of Indiana, 
serving by reappointment some 12 years. During 
his incumbency and as Commissioner, a few years 
later, he negotiated m<any important treaties 
with the Indians. In 1811 he won tlie decisive 
victory over Chief Tecumseh and his followers 
at Tippecanoe. Having been made a Brigadier- 
General in the War of 1813, he was promoted to 
Major-General in 1813 and, as Commander of the 
Army of the Northwest, he won the important 
battle of the Thames. Resigning his commission 
in 1814, he afterwards served as Representative 
in Congress from Ohio (1816-1819); Presidential 
Elector in 1830 and 1824; United States Senator 
(1824-1828), and Minister to the United States of 
Colombia (1838-29). Returning to the United 
States, he was elected Clerk of the Court of Com- 
mon Pleas of Hamilton Count)', serving twelve 
years. In 1836 he was an unsuccessful Whig 
candidate for President, but was elected in 1840, 
dying in Washington City, April 4, 1841, just one 
month after his inauguration. 

H.iRTZELL, William, Congressman, was born 
in Stark County. Ohio, Feb. 20, 1837. When he 
was three years old his parents removed to Illi- 
nois, and, four years later (1844) to Texas. In 
18.53 he returned to Illinois, settling in Randolph 
County, which became his permanent home. He 
was brought up on a farm, but graduated at Mc- 
Kendree College, Lebanon, in June, 1859. Five 
years later he was admitted to the bar, and began 
practice. He was Representative in Congress for 
two terms, being elected as a Democrat, in 1874, 
and again in 1876. 

HARVARD, an incorporated city in McHenry 
County, 63 miles northwest of Chicago on the 
Chicago & Northwestern Railway. It has elec- 
tric light plant, artesian water system, hardware 
and bicycle factories, malt house, cold storage 
and packing plant, a flouring mill, a carriage- 
wheel factory and two weekly papers. The 
region is agricultural. Population (1890), 1,967; 
(1900), 2,602. 

HASKELL, Harriet Newell, educator and third 
Principal of Monticello Female Seminary, was 
bornat Waldboro, Lincoln County, Maine, Jan. 14, 
1835; educated at Castleton Seminary, Vt. , and 
Mount Holyoke Seminary, Mass., graduating 
from the latter in 1855. Later, she served as 
Principal of high schools in Maine and Boston 
until 1862, when she was called to the principal- 
ship of Castleton Seminary. She resicned this 



224 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



position in 1867 to assume a similar one at Monti- 
cello Female Seminary, at Godfrey, 111., where 
she has since remained. The main building of 
this institution having been burned in Novem- 
ber, 1889, it was rebuilt on an enlarged and 
improved plan, largely through the earnest efforts 
of Miss Haskell. (See Montieello Female Semi- 
nary.) 

HATCH, Ozlas Mather, Secretary of the State 
of Illinois (1857-'65), was bom at Hillsborough 
Center, N. H., April 11, 1814, and removed to 
Griggsville, 111., in 1836. In 1829 he began life as 
a clerk for a wholesale and retail grocer in Bos- 
ton. From 1836 to 1841 he was engaged in store- 
keeping at Griggsville. In the latter year he was 
appointed Circuit Court Clerk of Pike County, 
holding the office seven years. In 1858 he again 
embarked in business at Meredosia, 111. In 1850 
he was elected to the Legislature, serving one 
term. An earnest anti-slavery man, he was, in 
1856, nominated by the newly organized Repub- 
lican party for Secretary of State and elected, 
being re-elected in 1860, on the same ticket with 
Mr. Lincoln, of whom he was a warm personal 
friend and admirer. During the war he gave a 
zealous and effective support to Governor Yates' 
administration. In 1864 he decUned a renomi- 
nation and retired from political life. He was an 
original and active member of the Lincoln Monu- 
ment Association from its organization in 1865 to 
his death, and, in company with Gov. R. J. 
Oglesby, made a canvass of Eastern cities to col- 
lect funds for statuary to be placed on the monu- 
ment. After retiring from office he was interested 
to some extent in the banking business at Griggs- 
ville, and was influential in securing the con- 
struction of the branch of the Wabash Railway 
from Naples to Hannibal, Mo. He was, for over 
thirty-five years, a resident of Springfield, dying 
there, March 12, 1893. 

HATFIELD, (Rev.) Robert Miller, clergy 
man, was born at Mount Pleasant, Westchester 
County, N. Y., Feb. 19, 1819; in early life enjoyed 
only such educational advantages as could be 
obtained while living on a farm ; later, was em 
ployed as a clerk at White Plains and in New 
York City, but, in 1841, was admitted to the 
Providence Methodist Episcopal Conference, dur- 
ing the next eleven years supplying churches in 
Rhode Island and Massachusetts. In 1852 he 
went to Brooklyn and occupied pulpits in that 
vicinity until 1865, when he assumed the pastor- 
ship of the Wabash Avenue Methodist Episcopal 
Church in Chicago, two years later going to the 
Centenary Church in the same city. He subse- 



quently had charge of churches in Cincinnati and 
Philadelphia, but, returning to Illinois in 1877. 
he occupied pulpits for the next nine years m 
Evanston and Chicago. In 1886 he went to Sum- 
merfield Methodist Episcopal Church, Brooklyn, 
which was his last regular charge, as, in 1889, he 
became Financial Agent of the Northwestern 
University at Evanston, of which he had been a 
Trustee from 1878. As a temporary supply for 
pulpits or as a speaker in popular assemblies, his 
services were in constant demand during this 
period. Dr. Hatfield served as a Delegate to the 
General Conferences of 1860, '64, '76, '80 and '84, 
and was a leader in some of the most important 
debates in those bodies. Died, at Evanston, 
March 31, 1891. 

HATTON, Frank, journalist and Postmaster- 
General, was born at Cambridge, Ohio, April 28, 
1846; entered his father's newspaper office at 
Cadiz, as an apprentice, at 11 years of age, be- 
coming foreman and local editor ; in 1862, at the 
age of 16, he enlisted in the Ninety -eighth Ohio 
Infantry, but, in 1864, was transferred to the One 
Hundred and Eighty-fourth Ohio and commis- 
sioned Second Lieutenant — his service being 
chiefly in the Army of the Cumberland, but par- 
ticipating in Sherman's March to the Sea. After 
the war he went to Iowa, whither his father had 
preceded him, and where he edited "The Mount 
Pleasant Journal" (1869-74) ; then removed to Bur- 
lington, where he secured a controlling interest 
in "The Hawkeye," which he brought to a point 
of great prosperity ; was Postmaster of that city 
under President Grant, and, in 1881, became 
First Assistant Postmaster-General. On the 
retirement of Postmaster-General Gresham in 
1884, he was appointed successor to the latter, 
serving to tlie end of President Arthur's adminis- 
tration, being the youngest man who ever held 
a cabinet position, except Alexander Hamilton. 
From 1882 to 1884, Mr. Hatton managed "The 
National Republican" in Washington; in 1885 
removed to Chicago, where he became one of the 
proprietors and editor-in-chief of "The Evening 
Mail"; retired from the latter in 1887, and, pur- 
chasing the plant of "The National Republican" 
in Washington, commenced the publication of 
"The Washington Post," with which he was con- 
nected until his death, April 30, 1894. 

HAVANA, the county-seat of Mason County, an 
incorporated city founded in 1827 on the Ilhnois 
River, opposite the mouth of Spoon Ri ver, and a 
point of junction for three railways. It is a ship- 
ping-point for corn and osage orange hedge 
plants. A number of manufactories are located 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



225 



hera The city has several churches, three pub- 
lic schools and three newspapers. Population 
(1890), 2,525; (1900), .S,268. 

HAVANA, RANTOUL & EASTERN RAIL- 
ROAD. (See Illinois Central Railroad.) 

HAVEN, Erastns Otis, Methodist Episcopal 
Bishop, was born in Boston, Mass., Nov. 1, 1820; 
graduated at the Wesleyan University in 1812, 
and taught in various institutions in Massachu- 
setts and New York, meanwhile studying theol- 
ogy. In 1848 he entered the Methodist ministry 
as a member of the New York Conference: live 
years later accepted a professorship in Michigan 
University, but resigned in 1856 to become editor 
of "Zion's Herald," Boston, for seven years — in 
that time serving two terms in the State Senate 
and a part of the time being an Overseer of Har- 
vard University. In 1863 he accepted the Presi- 
dency of Northwestern University at Evanston. 
111. ; in 1872 became Secretary of the Methodist 
Board of Education, but resigned in 1874 to 
become Chancellor of Syracuse University, N.Y. 
In 1880 he was elected a Bishop of the Methodist 
Episcopal Church. Died, in Salem, Oregon, in 
August, 1881. Bishop Haven was a man of great 
versatility and power as an orator, wrote much 
for the periodical press and published several 
volumes on religious topics, besides a treatise on 
rhetoric. 

HAVEN, Luther, educator, was born near 
Framingham, Mass., August 6, 1806. With a 
meager country-school education, at the age of 
17 he began teaching, continuing in this occupa- 
tion six or seven years, after which he spent 
three years in a more liberal course of study in a 
private academy at Ellington, Conn. He was 
next employed at Leicester Academy, first as a 
teacher, and, for eleven years, as Principal. He 
then engaged in mercantile pursuits until 1849, 
when he removed to Chicago. After several 
years spent in manufacturing and real-estate 
business, in 1854 he became proprietor of "The 
Prairie Farmer," of which he remained in con- 
trol until 1858. Mr. Haven took an active interest 
in public affairs, and was an untiring worker for 
the promotion of popular education. For ten 
years following 1853, he was officially connected 
with the Chicago Board of Education, being for 
four years its President. The comptroUership of 
the city was offered him in 1860, but declined. 
During the war he was a zealous supporter of the 
Union cause. In October, 1861, he was appointed 
by President Lincoln Collector for the Port of 
Chicago, and Sub-Treasurer of the United States 
for the Department of the Northwest, serving in 



this capacity during a part of President Johnson's 
administration. In 1866 he was attacked with 
congestion of the lungs, dying on March 6, of 
that year. 

HAWK, Robert M. A., Congressman, was born 
in Hancock County, Ind., April 23, 1839; came to 
Carroll County, III., in boyhood, where heattended 
the common schools and later graduated from Eu- 
reka College. In 1862 he enlisted in the Union 
army, was commissioned First Lieutenant, next 
promoted to a Captaincy and, finally, brevetted 
Major for soldierly conduct in the field. In 1865 
he was elected County Clerk of Carroll County, 
and three times re-elected, serving from 1865 to 
1879. The latter year he resigned, having been 
elected to Congress on the Republican ticket in 
1878. In 1880 he was re-elected, but died before 
the expiration of his term, his successor being 
Robert R. Hitt, of Mount Morris, who was chosen 
at a special election to fill the vacancy. 

HATVLET, John B., Congressman and First 
Assistant Secretary of the Treasury, was born in 
Fairfield County, Conn., Feb. 9, 1831; accompa- 
nied his parents to Illinois in childhood, residing 
in his early manhood at Cartilage, Hancock 
County. At the age of 23 (1854) he was admitted 
to the bar and began practice at Rock Island. 
From 1856 to 1860 he was State's Attorney of 
Rock Island County. In 1861 he entered the 
Union army as Captain, but was so severely 
wounded at Fort Donelson (1862) that he was 
obliged to quit the service. In 1865 President 
Lincoln appointed him Postmaster at Rock Island, 
but one year afterward he was removed by Presi- 
dent Johnson. In 1868 he was elected to Congress 
as a Republican, being twice re-elected, and, in 
1876, was Presidential Elector on the Hayes- 
Wheeler ticket. In the following year he was 
appointed by President Hayes First Assistant 
Secretary of the Treasury, serving until 1880, 
when he resigned. During the last six years of 
his life he was Solicitor for the Chicago & North- 
western Railroad, with headquarters at Omaha, 
Neb. Died, at Hot Springs, South Dakota, Maj- 
24, 1895. 

HAY, John, author, diplomatist and Secretary 
of State, was born in Salem, Ind., Oct. 8, 1838, of 
Scottish ancestry; graduated at Brown Univer- 
sit}-, 1858, and studied law at Springfield, III., his 
father, in the meantime, having become a resi- 
dent of Warsaw, 111. ; was admitted to practice 
in 1861, but immediately went to Washington as 
assistant private secretary of Pre.sident Lincoln, 
acting part of the time as the President's aid-de- 
camp, also serving for some time under General 



226 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



Hunter and Gilmore, with the rank of Major and 
Adjutant-General. After President Lincoln's 
assassination he served as Secretary of Legation 
at Paris and Madrid, and as Charge d' Affaires at 
Vienna; was also editor for a time of "The Illi- 
nois State Journal" at Springfield, and a leading 
editorial writer on "The New York Tribune." 
Colonel Hay's more important literary works 
include "Ca.stilian Days," "Pike County Ballads," 
and the ten-volume "History of the Life and 
Times of Abraham Lincoln," written in collabo- 
ration with John G. Nicolay. In 1875 he settled 
at Cleveland, Ohio, but, after retiring from "The 
New York Tribune," made Washington his home. 
In 1897 President McKinley appointed him Am- 
bassador to England, where, by his tact, good 
judgment and sound discretion manifested as a 
diplomatist and speaker on public occasions, he 
won a reputation as one of the most able and ac- 
complished foreign representatives America has 
produced. His promotion to the position of 
Secretary of State on the retirement of Secretary 
William R. Day, at the close of the Spanish- 
American War. in September, 1898, followed 
naturally as a just tribute to the rank which he 
had won as a diplomatist, and was universally 
approved throughout the n?.tion. 

HAY, John B., ex-Congressman, was born at 
Belleville, 111., Jan. 8, 1834; attended the com- 
mon schools and worked on a farm until he was 
16 years of age, when he learned the printer's 
trade. Subsequently he studied law, and won 
considerable local prominence in his profession, 
being for eight years State's Attorney for the 
Twenty-fourth Judicial Circuit. He served in 
the Union army during the War of the Rebellion, 
and, in 1868, was elected a Representative in the 
Forty-first Congress, being re-elected in 1870. 

HAY, Hilton, lawyer and legislator, was born 
in Fayette County, Ky., July 3, 1817; removed 
with his father's family to Springfield, 111., in 
1832 ; in 1838 became a student in the law office 
of Stuart & Lincoln; was admitted to the 
bar in 1840, and began practice at Pittsfield, 
Pike County. In 1858 he returned to Springfield 
and formed a partnership with Judge Stephen 
T. Logan (afterwards his father-in-law), which 
ended by the retirement of the latter from prac- 
tice in 1861. Others who were associated with 
him as partners, at a later date, were Hon. Shelby 
M. Cullom, Gen. John M. Palmer, Henry S. 
Greene and D. T. Littler. In 1869 he was elected 
a Delegate to the State Constitutional Convention 
and, as Chairman of the Committee on Revenue 
and member of the Judiciary Committee, was 



prominent in shaping the Constitution of 1870. 
Again, as a member of the lower branch of the 
Twenty-eighth General Assembly (1873-74), he 
assisted in revising and adapting the laws to the 
new order of things under the new Constitution. 
The estimate in which he was held by his associ- 
ates is shown in the fact that he was a member 
of the Joint Committee of five appointed by the 
Legislature to revise the revenue laws of the 
State, which was especially complimented for 
the manner in which it performed its work by 
concurrent resolution of the two houses. A con- 
servative Republican in politics, gentle and unob- 
trusive in manner, and of calm, dispassionate 
judgment and unimpeachable integrity, no man 
was more frequently consulted by State execu- 
tives on questions of great delicacy and public 
importance, during the last thirty years of his 
life, than Mr. Hay. In 1881 he retired from the 
active prosecution of his profession, devoting his 
time to the care of a handsome estate. Died, 
Sept. 15, 1893. 

HAYES, Philip C, ex-Congressman, was born 
at Granby, Conn., Feb. 3, 1833. Before he was a 
year old his parents removed to La Salle County, 
111. , where the first twenty years of his life were 
spent upon a farm. In 1860 he graduated from 
Oberlin College, Ohio, and, in April, 1861, en- 
listed in the Union army, being commissioned 
successively. Captain, Lieutenant-Colonel and 
Colonel, and finally brevetted Brigadier-General. 
After the war he engaged in journalism, becom- 
ing the publisher and senior editor of "The Morris 
Herald," a weekly periodical issued at Morris, 
Grundy County. In 1872 he was a delegate to the 
National Republican Convention at Philadelphia 
which renominated Grant, and represented his 
district in Congress from 1877 to 1881. Later he 
became editor and part proprietor of "The Repub- 
lican" at Joliet, 111., but retired some years since. 

HAYES, Samuel Snowden, lawyer and politi- 
cian, was born at Nashville, Tenn., Dec. 25, 1820; 
settled at Shawneetown in 1838, and engaged in 
the drug business for two years; then began the 
study of law and was admitted to practice in 
1842, settling first at Mount Vernon and later at 
Carmi. He early took an interest in politics, 
stumping the southern counties for the Demo- 
cratic party in 1843 and '44. In 1845 he was a 
delegate to the Memphis Commercial Convention 
and, in 1846, was elected to the lower House of 
the State Legislature, being re-elected in '48. In 
1847 he raised a company for service in the 
Mexican War, but, owing to its distance from 
the seat of government, its muster rolls were not 



UISTOKICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



227 



received until the quota of the State had been 
filled. The same year he wa.s chcsen a Delefcate 
to the State Constitutional Convention for White 
County, and, in 1848, was a Democratic Presi- 
dential Elector. About 1852 lie removed to Chi- 
cago, wliere he was afterwards Citj' Solicitor and 
(1863-65) City Comptroller. He was a delegate 
to the National Democratic Conventions at 
Charleston and Baltimore in 1860, and an earnest 
worker for Douglas in the campaign which fol- 
lowed. While in favor of the Union, he was 
strongly opposed to the policy of the administra- 
tion, particularly in its attitude on the question 
of slavery. His last public service was as a Dele- 
gate from Cook County to the State Constitu- 
tional Convention of 1869-70. His talents as an 
orator, displayed both at the bar and before popu- 
lar assemblies, were of a very high order. 

HAYMARKET RIOT, THE, an anarchistic 
outbreak whicli occurred in Chicago on the 
evening of May 4, 1886. For several days prior, 
meetings of dissatisfied workingmen had been 
addressed bj' orators who sought to inflame the 
worst passions of their hearers. The excitement 
(previously more or less under restraint) culmi- 
nated on the date mentioned. Haymarket 
Square, in Chicago, is a broad, open space formed 
by the widening of West Randolph Street for an 
open-air produce-market. An immense concourse 
assembled thereon the evening named; inflam- 
matory speeches were made from a cart, which 
was used as a sort of improvised platform. Dur- 
ing the earlier part of the meeting the Mayor 
(Carter H. Harrison) was present, but upon his 
withdrawal, the oratory became more impassioned 
and incendiarj'. Towards midnight, some one 
whose identity has never been thoroughly proved, 
threw a dynamite bomb into the ranks of the 
police, who, under command of Inspector John 
Bonfield, had ordered the dispersal of the crowd 
and were endeavoring to enforce the command. 
Simultaneously a score of men lay dead or bleed- 
ing in the street. The majority of the crowd 
fled, pursued bj- the officers. Numerous arrests 
followed during the night and the succeeding 
morning, and search was made in the office of 
the principal Anarchistic organ, which resulted 
in the discovery of considerable evidence of an 
incriminating character. A Grand Jury of Cook 
County found indictments for murder against 
eight of the suspected leaders, all of whom were 
convicted after a trial extending over several 
months, both the State and the defense being 
represented by some of the ablest counsel at the 
Chicago bar. Seven of the accused were con- 



demned to death, and one (Oscar Neebe) was 
given twenty years' imprisonment. The death 
sentence of two— Samuel Fielden and Justus 
Schwab — was subseipiently commuted by Gov- 
ernor Oglesby to life-imprisonment, but executive 
clemency was extended in 1893 by Governor 
Altgeld to all three of those serving terms in the 
penitentiary. Of those condemned to execution, 
one (Louis Linng) committed suicide in the 
county-jail by exploding, between his teeth, a 
small dynamite bomb whicli he had surrepti- 
tiously obtained; the remaining four (August 
Spies, Albeit D. Parsons, Louis Engel and Adolph 
Fischer) were hanged in the county jail at 
Chicago, on November 14, 1887. The affair 
attracted wide attention, not only throughout the 
United States but in other countries also. 

H.VYME, Isliani Xieolas, soldier and Adju- 
tant General, was born at Dover, Tenn., Nov. 18, 
1824; came to Illinois in boyhood and received 
but little education at scliool, but worked on a 
farm to obtain means to study law, and was 
licensed to practice in 1846. Throughout the 
Slexican War he served as a Lieutenant in the 
Sixth Illinois Volunteers, but, on his return, 
resumed practice in 1849, and, in IS.'iO, was 
elected to the Legislature from Marion County. 
He graduated from the Kentucky Law School in 
18.)2 and, in 18,'J6, was appointed Judge of the 
Court of Common Pleas at Cairo. In 1860 he was a 
candidate for Presidential Elector on the Doug- 
las ticket. In 1861 he entered the army as 
Colonel of the Forty-eighth Illinois Infantry, 
which he had assisted in organizing. He jiartici- 
pated in the battles of Fort Donelson and Shiloh, 
and was severely wounded at the latter. In 1862 
he was an unsuccessful candidate for Congress as 
a War Democrat, being defeated by W. J. Allen, 
and the same year was commissioned Brigadier- 
General of Volunteers. He resumed practice at 
Cairo in 1864, and, in 1865. was appointed by 
Governor Oglesbj- Adjutant-General as successor 
to Adjutant-(Jeneral Fuller, but died in office, at 
Springfield, November. 1868. 

HAYWARD rOLLE(;E AND COMMERCIAL 
SCHOOL, at Fairfield, Wayne County; incorpo- 
rated in 1S86; is co-educational; had 160 pupils in 
1898, with a faculty of nine instructors. 

HEACOCK, Russell E., iiioneer lawyer, was 
born in Litclifield, Conn., in 1770; liavinglost his 
father at 7 years of age, learned the carpenter's 
trade and came west early in life ; in 1806 was 
studying law in Jlissouri, and, two years later, 
was licensed to practice in Indiana Territory, of 
which Illinois tlien formed a part, locating first 



'^28 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



at Kaskaskia and afterwards at Jonesboro, in 
Union County; in 1823 went to Buffalo, N. Y., 
but returned west in 1827, arriving where Chi- 
cago now stands on July 4; in 1828 was living 
inside Fort Dearborn, but subsequently located 
several miles up the South Branch of the Chicago 
River, where he opened a small farm at a place 
which went by the name of "Heacock's Point." 
In 1831 he obtained a license to keep a tavern, in 
1833 became a Justice of the Peace, and, in 1835, 
had a law office in the village of Chicago. He 
took a prominent part in the organization of Cook 
County, invested liberally in real estate, but lost 
it in the crash of 1837. He was disabled by par- 
alysis in 1843 and died of cholera, June 28, 1849. 
— Reuben E. (Heacock), a son of Mr. Heacock, 
was member of tlie State Constitutional Conven- 
tion of 1847, from Cook County. 

HEALTH, BOARD OF, a bureau of the State 
Government, created by act of Maj' 25, 1877. It 
consists of seven members, named by the Gov- 
ernor, who hold office for seven years. It is 
charged with "general supervision of the inter- 
ests connected with the health and life of the 
citizens of the State." All matters pertaining to 
quarantine fall within its purview, and in this 
respect it is invested with a power which, while 
discretionary, is well-nigh autocratic. The same 
standard holds good, although to a far less ex- 
tent, as to its supervisory power over conta- 
gious diseases, of man or beast. The Board also 
has a modified control over medical practitioners, 
under the terms of the statute popularly known 
as the "Medical Practice Act." Through its 
powers thereunder, it has kept out or expelled 
from the State an army of irregular practition- 
ers, and has done much toward raising the stand- 
ard of professional qualification. 

HEALY, George P. A., artist, was born in 
Boston, July 15, 1808, and early manifested a 
predilection for art, in which he was encouraged 
by the painter Scully. He struggled in the face 
of difficulties until 1836, when, having earned 
some money by his art, he went to Europe to 
study, spending two years in Paris and a like 
period in London. In 1855 he came to Chicago, 
contemplating a stay of three weeks, but re- 
mained until 1867. During this time he is said 
to have painted 575 portraits, many of them 
being likenesses of prominent citizens of Chicago 
and of the State. Many of his pictures, deposited 
in the rooms of the Chicago Historical Society 
for safe-keeping, were destroyed by the lire of 
1871. From 1869 to '91 his time was spent chiefly 
in Rome. During his several visits to Europe he 



painted the portraits of a large number of royal 
personages, including Louis Phillippe of France, 
as also, in this country, the portraits of Presidents 
and other distinguished persons. One of his his- 
torical pictures was "Webster Replying to 
Hayne," in which 150 figures are introduced. A 
few years before his death. Mr. Healy donated a 
large number of his pictures to the Newberry 
Library of Chicago. He died in Chicago, June 
24. 1894. 

HEATON, William Weed, lawyer and jurist, 
was born at Western, Oneida County, N. Y., 
April 18, 1814. After completing his academic 
studies he engaged, for a short time, in teaching, 
but soon began the study of law, and, in 1838, 
was admitted to the bar at Terre Haute, Ind. In 
1840 he removed to Dixon, 111., where he resided 
until his death. In 1861 he was elected Judge of 
the Circuit Court for the Twenty-second Circuit, 
and occupied a seat upon the bench, through 
repeated re-elections, until his death, which 
occurred Dec. 26, 1877, while serving as a mem- 
ber of the Appellate Court for the First District. 

HECKER, Friedrich Karl Franz, German pa- 
triot and soldier, was born at Baden, Germany, 
Sept. 28, 1811. He attained eminence in his 
native country as a lawyer and politician ; was a 
member of the Baden Assembly of 1842 and a 
leader in the Diet of 1846-47, but, in 1848, was 
forced, with many of his compatriots, to find a 
refuge in the United States. In 1849 he settled 
as a farmer at Summerfield, in St. Clair County, 
111. He took a deep interest in politics and, being 
earnestly opposed to slavery, ultimately joined 
the Republican party, and took an active part in 
the campaigns of 1856 and '60. In 1861 he was 
commissioned Colonel of the Twenty-fourth Illi- 
nois Volunteers, and was later transferred to the 
command of the Eighty -second. He was a brave 
soldier, and actively participated in the battles 
of Missionary Ridge and ChanceUorsville. In 
1864 he resigned his commission and returned to 
his farm in St. Clair County. Died, at St. Louis, 
Mo., March 24, 1881. 

HEDDIJfG COLLEGE, an institution incorpo- 
rated in 1875 and conducted under tlie auspices of 
the Methodist Episcopal Church, at Abingdon, 
Knox County, 111. ; has a faculty of seventeen 
instructors, and reports (1895-96), 403 students, 
of whom 212 were male and 181 female. The 
branches taught include the sciences, the classics, 
music, fine arts, oratory and preparatory courses. 
The institution has funds and endowment 
amounting to §55,000, and property valued at 
$158,000. 



I 
I 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



229 



HEMPSTEAD, Charles S., pioneer lawyer and 
first Mayor of Galena, was born at Hebron, Tol- 
land Count}-, Conn., Sept. 10, 1794 — the son of 
Stephen Hempstead, a patriot of the Revolution. 
In 1809 he came west in company with a brother, 
descending the Ohio River in a canoe from Mari- 
etta to Shawneetown, and making his way across 
the "Illinois Country" on foot to Kaskaskia and 
finally to St. Louis, where he joined another 
brother (Edward), with whom he soon began the 
study of law. Having been admitted to the bar 
in botli Missouri Territory and Illinois, he re- 
moved to St. Genevieve, where he held the office 
of Prosecuting Attorney by appointment of the 
Governor, but returned to St. Louis in 1818-19 
and later became a member of the Blissouri Legis- 
lature. In 1829 Mr. Hempstead located at Galena, 
111., which continued to be his home for the re- 
mainder of his life, and where he was one of the 
earliest and best known lawyers. The late Minis- 
ter E. B. Washburne became a clerk in Mr. 
Hempstead's law office in 18-10, and, in 18-15, a 
partner. Mr. Hempstead was one of the pro- 
moters of the old Chicago & Galena Union Rail- 
road (now a part of the Chicago & Northwestern), 
serving upon the first Board of Directors; was 
elected the first Mayor of Galena in 1841, and, in 
the early days of the Civil War, was appointed 
by President Lincoln a Paymaster in tlie Army. 
Died, in Galena, Dec. 10, 1874.— Edward (Hemp- 
stead), an older brother of the preceding, already 
mentioned, came west in 1804, and, after holding 
various positions at Vincennes. Indiana Territory, 
under Gov. WilUam Henry Harrison, located at 
St Louis and became the first Territorial 
Delegate in Congress from Missouri Territory 
(1811-14). His death occurred as the result of an 
accident, August 10, 1817.— Stephen (Hemp- 
stead), another member of this historic familj-, 
was Governor of Iowa from 1850 to '54. Died, 
Feb. IG, 1883. 

HEXDERSOX, Thomas J., ex-Congressman, 
was born at Brownsville. Tenn. , Nov. 19, 1824; 
came to Illinois in 1837, and was reared upon a 
farm, but received an academic education. In 
1847 he was elected Clerk of the County Com- 
missioners' Court of Stark County, and, in 1849, 
Clerk of the County Court of the same county, 
serving in that capacity for four years. Mean- 
while he had studied law and had been admitted 
to the bar in 1852. In 1855 and '56 he was a 
member of the lower house of the Legislature, 
and State Senator from 1857 to '60. He entered 
the Union army, in 1862, as Colonel of the One 
Hundred and Twelfth Illinois Volunteers, and 



served until the close of the war, being brevetted 
Brigadier-General in January, 1805. He was a 
Republican Presidential Elector for the State-at- 
large in 1868, and, in 1874, was elected to Congress 
from the Seventh Illinois District, serving con- 
tinuously until March, 1895. His home is at 
Princeton. 

HENDERSON, William H., politician and legis- 
lator, was born in Garrard County, Ky., Nov. 10, 
1793. After serving in the War of 1812, he settled 
in Tenuessee, where he held many positions of 
public trust, including that of State Senator. In 
1836 he removed to Illinois, and, two years later, 
was elected to the General Assembly as Repre- 
sentative from Bureau and Putnam Counties, 
being re-elected in 1840. In 1842 he was the 
unsuccessful Whig candidate for Lieutenant- 
Governor, being defeated by John Moore. In 
1845 he migrated to Iowa, where he died in 1864. 

HENDERSON COUNTY, a county comprising 
880 square miles of territory, located in the west- 
ern section of the State and bordering on the Mis- 
sissippi River. The first settlements were made 
about 1827-28 at Yellow Banks, now Oquawka. 
Immigration was checked by the Black Hawk 
War, but revived after the removal of the Indians 
across the Mississippi. The county was set off 
from Warren in 1841, with Oquawka as the 
county-seat. Population (1880), 10,722; (1890), 
9,876. The soil is fertile, and underlaid bj- lime- 
stone. The surface is undulating, and well tim- 
bered. Population (1900), 10,836. 

HENNEPIN, the county-seat of Putnam 
County, situated on the left bank of the Illinois 
River, about 28 miles below Ottawa, 100 miles 
Bouthwest of Chicago, and 3 miles southeast of 
Bureau Junction. It has a courthouse, a bank, 
two grain elevators, three churches, a graded 
school, a newspaper. It is a prominent shipping 
point for produce by the river. The Hennepin 
Canal, now m process of construction from the 
Illinois River to the Mississippi at the mouth of 
Rock River, leaves the Illinois about two miles 
above Hennepin. Population (1880), 623; (1890), 
574; (1900), .V.JIi. 

HENNEPIN, Louis, a Franciscan (Recollect) 
friar and explorer, born at Ath, Belgium, about 
1640. After several years of clerical service in 
Belgium and Holland, he was ordered (1675) by 
his ecclesiastical superiors to proceed to Canada. 
In 1679 he accompanied La Salle on his explo- 
rations of the great lakes and the upper Missis- 
sippi. Having reached the Illinois by way of 
Lake Michigan, early in the following year (1680), 
La Salle proceeded to construct a fort on the east 



230 



HISTORICAL EXCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



side of the Illinois River, a little below the 
present site of Peoria, which afterwards received 
the name of Fort Creve-Coexir. In February, 
1680, Father Hennepin was dispatched by La 
Salle, with two companions, by way of the 
month of the Illinois, to explore the upper Mis- 
sissippi. Ascending the latter stream, his party 
was captured by the Sioux and carried to the 
villages of that tribe among the Minnesota lakes, 
but finally rescued. During his captivity he 
discovered the Falls of St. Anthony, which he 
named. After his rescue Hennepin returned to 
Quebec, and thence sailed to France. There he 
published a work describing La Salle's first 
expedition and his own explorations. Although 
egotistical and necessarily incorrect, this work 
was a valuable contribution to history. Because 
of ecclesiastical insubordination he left France 
for Holland. In 1697 he published an extraordi- 
nary volume, in which he set forth claims as a 
discoverer which have been wholly discredited. 
His third and last work, published at Utrecht, in 
1698, was entitled a "New Voyage in a Country 
Larger than Europe."' It was a compilation 
describing La Salle"s voyage to the mouth of the 
Mississippi. His three works have been trans- 
lated into twenty-four different languages. He 
died, at LTtrecht, between 1702 and 1705. 

HENNEPIX CANAL. (See Illinois & Missis- 
sippi Canal.) 

HENRY, a city in Marshall County, situated on 
the west bank of the Illinois River and on the 
Peoria branch of the Chicago, Rock Island & 
Pacific Railway, 33 miles north-northeast of 
Peoria. There is a combination railroad and 
wagon bridge, lock and dam across the river at 
this point. The city is a thriving commercial 
center, among its industries being grain eleva- 
tors, flour mills, and a windmill factory ; has 
two national banks, eight churches and two 
newspapers. Population (1880), 1.728; (1890) 
1,.512; (1900), 1,037. 

HENRY, James D., pioneer and soldier, was born 
in Pennsylvania, came to Illinois in 1822, locating 
at Edwardsville, where, being of limited educa- 
tion, he labored as a mechanic during the day 
and attended school at night; engaged in mer- 
chandising, removed to Springfield in 1826, and 
was soon after elected Sheriff ; served in the Win- 
nebago War (1837) as Adjutant, and, in the 
Black Hawk War (1831-32) as Lieutenant-Colonel 
and Colonel, finally being placed in command of 
a brigade at the battle of Wisconsin and the Bad 
Axe, his success in both winning for him great 
popularity. His exposures brought on disease of 



the lungs, and. going South, he died at New 
Orleans, March 4, 1834. 

HENRY COUNTY, one of the middle tier of 
counties of Northern Illinois, near the western 
border of the State, having an area of 830 square 
miles, — named for Patrick Henry. The Ameri- 
can pioneer of the region was Dr. Baker, who 
located in 1835 on what afterwards became the 
town of Colona. During the two j-ears following 
several colonies from the eastern States settled at 
different points (Geneseo, Wethersfield, etc.;. 
The act creating it was passed in 1825, though 
organization was not completed until 1837. The 
first county coui-t was held at Dayton. Subse- 
quent county-seats have been Richmond (1837); 
Geneseo (1840); Morristown (1842); and Cam- 
bridge (1843). Population (1870), 36,597; (1890), 
33,338; (1900), 40,049. 

HERNDON, Archer G., one of the celebrated 
"Long Nine" members of the General As.sembly 
of 1836-37, was born in Culpepper County, Va., 
Feb. 13, 1795; spent his youth in Green County, 
Ky., came to Madison County, 111., 1820, and to 
Sangamon in 1821, becoming a citizen of Spring- 
field in 1825, where he engaged in mercantile 
business; served eight years in the State Senate 
(1834-42), and as Receiver of the Land Office 
1842-49. Died, Jan. 3, 1867. Mr. Herndon was 
the father of William H. Herndon, the law part- 
ner of Abraham Lincoln. 

HERNDON, WiHiam H., lawyer, was born at 
Greensbiirg, Ky., Dec. 25, 1818; brought to Illi- 
nois by his father. Archer G. Herndon, in 1820, 
and to Sangamon County in 1821 ; entered Illinois 
College in 1836, but remained only one year on 
account of his father's hostility to the supposed 
abolition influences prevailing at that institution ; 
spent several years as clerk in a store at Spring- 
field, studied law two years with the firm of Lin- 
coln & Logan (1842-44), %vas admitted to the bar 
and became the partner of Mr. Lincoln, so con- 
tinuing until the election of the latter to the 
Presidency. Mr. Herndon was a radical oppo- 
nent of slavery and labored zealously to promote 
the advancement of his distinguished partner. 
The oflSces he held were those of City Attorney, 
Mayor and Bank Commissioner under three Gov- 
ernors. Some years before his death he wrote, 
and, in conjunction with Jesse W. Weik, published 
a Life of Abraham Lincoln in three volumes — 
afterwards revised and issued in a two-volume 
edition by the Messrs. Appleton, New Y'ork. 
Died, near Springfield, March 18, 1891. 

HERRINGTON, Aiijrustiis M.. lawyer and poli- 
tician, was born at or near Meadville, Pa., in 1823; 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



231 



when ten years of age was brought by his father 
to Chicago, the fainilj- removing two years later 
(1835) to Geneva, Kane County, where the elder 
Herrington opened the first store. Augustus was 
admitted to the bar in 1844; obtained great promi- 
nence as a Democratic politician, serving as 
Presidential Elector for the State-at-large in 
185C, and as a delegate to Democratic National 
Conventions in 1860, '04, '68, "76 and "80, and was 
almost invariably a member of the State Conven- 
tions of his party during the same period. He 
also served for many years as Solicitor of the 
Chicago & Northwestern Railroad. Died, at Ge- 
neva, Kane County, August 14, 1883. — James 
(Herrington), brother of the preceding, was born 
in Mercer County, Pa., June 6, 1824; came to 
Chicago in 1833, but, two years later, was taken 
by his parents to Geneva, Kane County. In 1843 
he was apprenticed to the printing business on 
the old "Chicago Democrat" (John Wentworth, 
publisher), remaining until 1848, when he returned 
to Geneva, where he engaged in farming, being 
also connected for a year or two with a local 
paper. In 1849 he was elected County Clerk, re- 
maining in office eight years; also served three 
terms on the Board of Supervisors, later serving 
continuously in the lower branch of the General 
Assembly from 1872 to 1886. He was also a mem- 
ber of the State Board of Agriculture and a fre- 
quent delegate to Democratic State Conventions. 
Died, July 7, 1890. — James Herrington, Sr., 
father of the two preceding, was a Representative 
in the Fifteenth General Assembly (1846-48) for 
the District embracing the counties of Kane, 
McHenry. Boone and De Kalb. 

HERTZ, Henry L., ex-State Treasurer, was 
born at Copenhagen, Denmark, in 1847; gradu- 
ated from the University of Copenhagen in 1866, 
and after pursuing the studj' of medicine for two 
years, emigrated to this country in 1869. After 
various experiences in selling sewing-machines, 
as bank-clerk, and as a farm-hand, in 1876 Mr. 
Hertz was emploved in the Recorder's office of 
Cook County; in 1878 was record-writer in the 
Criminal Court Clerk's office ; in 1884 was elected 
Coroner of Cook County, and re-elected in 1888. 
In 1892, as Republican candidate for State Treas- 
urer, he was defeated, but, in 1896, again a 
candidate for the same office, was elected by a 
majority of 115.000, serving until 1899. He is 
now a resident of Chicago. 

HESI\(}, Antonp Caspar, journalist and politi- 
cian, was born in Prussia in 1823; left an orphan at 
the age of 15. he soon after emigrated to America, 
landing at Baltimore and going thence to Cin- 



cinnati. From 1840 to 1842 he worked in a gro- 
cery store in Cincinnati, and later opened a small 
hotel. In 1854 he removed to Chicago, where he 
was for a time engaged in the manufacture of 
brick. In i860 he was elected Sheritf of Cook 
Countj', as a Republican. In 1862 he purchased 
an interest in "Tlie Chicago Staats Zeitung," 
and in 1867 became sole proprietor. In 1871 he 
admitted his son, Washington Hesing, to a part- 
nership, installing him as general manager. 
Died, in Chicago, March 31, 1895.— Washington 
(Hesing), son of the preceding, was born in Cin- 
cinnati, Ohio, May 14. 1849, educated at Chicago 
and Yale College, graduating from the latter in 
1870. After a year spent in study abroad, he 
returned to Chicago and began work upon "The 
Staats Zeitung, " later becoming managing editor, 
and finally editor-in-chief. While yet a young 
man he was made a member of the Chicago 
Board of Education, but declined to serve a 
second term. In 1872 he entered actively into 
politics, making speeches in both English and 
German in support of General Grant's Presi- 
dential candidacy. Later he affiliated with the 
Democratic party, as did his father, and, in 1893, 
was an \m.«uccessful candidate for the Democratic 
nomination for the Chicago mayoralty, being 
defeated by Carter H. Harrison. In December, 
1893, he was appointed by President Cleveland 
Postmaster of the city of Chicago, serving four 
years. His administration was characterized by 
a high degree of efficiency and many improve- 
ments in the service were adopted, one of the 
most important being the introduction of postal 
cars on the street-railroads for the collection of 
mail matter. In April, 1897, lie liecame an Inde- 
pendent candidate for Mayor, but was defeated 
by Carter H. Harrison, the regular Democratic 
nominee. Died, Dec. 18, 1897. 

HETWORTH, a village of McLean County, on 
the Illinois Central Railway, 10 miles south of 
Bloomington ; has a bank, churches, gas wells, 
and a newspaper. Pop. (1890), 566; (1900), 683. 

HIBB.VRD, Homer Nash, lawyer, was bom at 
Bethel, Windsor County, Vt., Nov. 7, 1824, his 
early life being spent upon a farm and in attend- 
ance upon the common schools. After a short 
term in an academy at Randolph, Yt. , at the age 
of 18 he began the study of law at Rutland — also 
fitting himself for college with a private tutor. 
Later, having obtained means by teaching, he 
took a course in Castleton Academy and Ver- 
mont University, graduating from the latter in 
1850. Then, having spent some years in teach- 
ing, be entered the Dane Law School at Harvard, 



232 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



later continuing his studies at Burlington and 
finally, in the fall of 1853, removing to Chicago. 
Here he opened a law office in connection with 
his old classmate, the late Judge Jolm A. Jame- 
son, but early in the following year removed to 
Freeport, where lie subsequently served as City 
Attorney, Master in Chancery and President of 
the City School Board. Returning to Cliicago in 
1860, he became a member of the law firm of 
Cornell, Jameson & Hibbard, and still later the 
head of the firm of Hibbard, Rich & Noble. In 
1870 he was appointed by Judge Drummond 
Register in Bankruptcy for the Chicago District, 
serving during the life of the law. He was also, 
for some time, a Director of the National Bank 
of IlUnois, and Vice-President of the American 
Insurance Company. Died, Nov. 14, 1897. 

HICKS, Stephen G., lawyer and soldier of 
three wars, was born in Jackson County, Ga., 
Feb. 32, 1807 — the son of John Hicks, one of the 
seven soldiers killed at the battle of New Orleans, 
Jan. 8, 1815. Leaving the roof of a step-father 
at an early age, he found his way to Illinois, 
working for a time in the lead mines near Galena, 
and later at the carpenter's trade with an uncle; 
served as a Sergeant in the Black Hawk War, 
finally locating in Jefferson County, where he 
studied law and was admitted to the bar. Here 
he was elected to the lower branch of the Twelfth 
General Assembly (1840) and re-elected succes- 
sively to the Thirteenth and Fourteenth. Early 
in the Mexican War (1846) he recruited a com- 
pany for the Tliird Regiment, of which he was 
chosen Captain, a year later becoming Lieuten- 
ant-Colonel of the Sixth. At the beginning of 
the Civil War Colonel Hicks was practicing his 
profession at Salem, Marion County. He 
promptly raised a company which became a part 
of the Fortieth Regiment Volunteer Infantry, of 
which he was commissioned Colonel. The regi- 
ment saw active service in the campaign in W'est- 
ern Tennessee, including the battle of Shiloh, 
where Colonel Hicks was dangerously wounded 
through the lungs, only recovering after some 
months in hospital and at his home. He rejoined 
his regiment in July following, but found him- 
self compelled to accept an honorable discharge, 
a few months later, on account of disability. 
Having finally recovered, he was restored to his 
old command, and served to the close of the war. 
In October, 1863, he was placed in command at 
Paducah, Ky., where he remained eighteen 
months, after which he was transferred to Colum- 
bus. Ky. While in command at Paducah, the 
place was desperately assaulted by the rebel 



Colonel Forrest, but successfully defended, the 
rebel assailants sustaining a loss of some 1,200 
killed and wounded. After the war Colonel 
Hicks returned to Salem, where he died, Dec. 14, 
1869, and was buried, in accordance with his 
request, in the folds of the American flag. Born 
on Washington's birthday, it is a somewhat 
curious coincidence that the death of this brave 
soldier should have occurred on tiie anniversary 
of that of the "Father of His Country." 

UIUBEE, Chauncey L., lawyer and Judge, was 
born in Clermont County, Oliio, Sept. 7, 1821, 
and settled in Pike County, 111., in 1844. He 
early took an interest in politics, being elected to 
the lower house of the Legislature in 1854, and 
two years later to the State Senate. In 1861 he 
was elected Judge of the Fifth Circuit Court, and 
was re-elected in 1867, '73, and '79. In 1877, and 
again in '79, he was assigned to the bench of the 
Appellate Court. Died, at Pittsfield, Dec. 7, 1884. 

HIGGtINS, Van Hollis, lawyer, was born in 
Genessee County, N. Y. , and received his early 
education at Auburn and Seneca Falls ; came to 
Chicago in 1837 and, after spending some time as 
clerk in his brother's store, taught some months 
in Vermilion County; then went to St. Louis, 
where he spent a year or two as reporter on "The 
Missouri Argus," later engaging in commercial 
pvu-suits; in 1842 removed to Iroquois County, 
111., where he read law and was admitted to the 
bar; in 1845, established himself in practice in 
Galena, served two years as City Attorney there, 
but returned to Chicago in 1852, where he contin- 
xied to reside for the remainder of his life. In 1858 
he was elected as a Republican Representative in 
the Twenty-first General Assembly ; served sev- 
eral years as Judge of the Chicago City Court, 
and was a zealous supporter of the Government 
during the War of the Rebellion. Judge Higgins 
was successful as a lawyer and business man, and 
was connected with a number of important busi- 
ness enterprises, especially in connection with 
real-estate operations ; was also a member of sev- 
eral local societies of a professional, social and 
patriotic character. Died, at Darien, Wis., April 
17, 1893. 

HIGGINSON, Charles M., civil engineer and 
Assistant Railway President, was born in Chica- 
go, July 11, 1846 — the son of George M.Higginson, 
who located in Chicago about 1843 and engaged 
in the real-estate business; was educated at the 
Lawrence Scientific School, Cambridge, Mass., 
and entered the engineering department of the 
Burlington & Missouri River Railroad in 1867, 
remaining until 1875. He then became the pur- 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



233 



chasing agent of the Toledo, Peoria & Warsaw 
Railroad, but, a year later, returned to Chicago, 
and soon after assumed the same position in con- 
nection witli the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy, 
being transferred to the Auditorship of the 
latter road in 1879. Later, he became assistant 
to President Ripley of the Atchison, Topeka & 
Santa Fe Line, where he remained until his 
death, which occurred at Riverside, III., May 6, 
1809. Mr. Iligginson was, for several years. 
President of tlie Chicago Academy of Sciences, 
and a member of the Board of Managers of the 
Young Men"s Christian Association of Chicago. 

HIGH, James 1., laivyer and author, was born 
at Belleville, Ohio, Oct. 6, 1844; in boyhood came 
to Wisconsin, and graduated at Wisconsin State 
University, at Madison, in 18G4, also serving for 
a time as Adjutant of the Forty-ninth Regiment 
Wisconsin Volunteers ; studied law at the Michi- 
gan University Law School and, in 1867. came to 
Chicago, where he began practice. He spent the 
winter of 1871-72 in Salt Lake City and, in the 
absence of the United States District Attorney, 
conducted the trial of certain Mormon leaders for 
connection with the celebrated Mountain Meadow 
Massacre, also acting as correspondent of "The 
New York Times," his letters being widely 
copied. Returning to Chicago he took a high 
rank in his profession. He was the author of 
several volumes, including treatises on "The Law 
of Injunctions as administered in the Courts of 
England and .\mericii,"and "Extraordinary Legal 
Remedies, Mandamus, Quo Warranto and Prohibi- 
tions," which are accepted as high authority with 
the profession. In 1870 he published a revised 
edition of Lord Erskine's Works, including all 
his legal arguments, together with a memoir of 
his life. Died, Oct. 3, 1898. 

HHiiHLA>'D, a city in the southeastern part of 
Madison County, founded in 1886 and located on 
the Vandalia line, 32 miles east of St. Louis. Its 
manufacturing industries include a milk-con- 
densing plant, creamer}', flour and planing mills, 
breweries, embroidery works, etc. It contains 
several churches and schools, a Roman Catholic 
Seminary, a hospital, and has three newspapers — 
one German. The early settlers were Germans 
of the most thrift}' and enterprising classes. 
The surro\inding country is agricultural. Popu- 
lation (18.si)). 1,900; (1890), 1,8.57; (1900, decennial 
censas). 1,970. 

HIGHLAND PARK, an incorporated city of 
I.Ake County, on the Chicago & Northwestern 
Railroad, 23 miles north-northwest of Chicago. 
It has a salubrious site on a blutf 100 feet above ■ 



Lake Michigan, and is a favorite residence and 
healtli resort. It lias a large hotel, several 
clnirches, a military academy, and a weekly 
paper. Two Waukegan jiapers issue editions 
here. Population (1890), 2,163; (1900), 2,806. 

HILDRUP, Jesse S., la\vyer and legislator, 
was bom in Middletown, Conn., March 14, 1833 ; at 
15 removed to the State of New York and after- 
wards to Harrisburg, Pa. ; in 1860 came to Belvi- 
dere, 111., where he began the practice of law, 
also serving as Corporation Trustee and Township 
Supervisor, and, during the latter years of the 
war, as Deputy Provost Marshal. His first im- 
portant elective office was that of Delegate to the 
State Constitutional Convention of 1870, but he 
was elected Representative in the General As.sem- 
bly the same year, and again in 1873. While in 
the House he took a prominent part in the legis- 
lation which resulted in the organization of the 
Railroad and Warehouse Board. Mr. Hildrup 
was also a Republican Presidential Elector in 
1868, and United States Marshal for the Northern 
District of Illinois from 1877 to 1881. During 
the last few years much of his time has been 
spent in California for the benefit of the health 
of some members of his family. 

HILL, Charles Augustus, ex-Congressman, 
was born at Truxton, Cortland County, N. Y., 
August 2.3, 1833. He acquired his early education 
by dint of hard labor, and much privation. In 
1854 he removed to Illinois, settling in Will 
County, where, for several years, he taught 
school, as he had done while in New York. 
Meanwhile he read law, his last instructor being 
Hon. H. C. Newcomb, of Indianapolis, where he 
was admitted to the bar. He returned to Will 
County in 1860, and, in 1862, enlisted in the 
Eighth Illinois Cavalry, participating in the 
battle of Antietam. Later he was commissioned 
First Lieutenant in the First United Statee Regi- 
ment of Colored Troops, with which he remained 
until the close of the war, rising to the rank of 
Captain. In 1865 he returned to Joliet and to tlie 
practice of his profession. In 1868 he was elected 
State's Attorney for the district comprising Will 
and Grundy Counties, but declined a renomina- 
tion. In 1888 he was the successful Republican 
candidate for Congress from the Eighth Illinois 
District, but wiis defeated for re-election in 1890 
by Lewis Steward, Democrat. 

HILLSKORO, an incorporated city, the oount}'- 
seat of Montgomery' County, on the CleveLind, 
Cincinnati, Chicago & St. Louis Railway, 67 
miles northeast of St. Louis. Its manufactures 
are flour, brick and tile, carriages and hame«e. 



234 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



furniture and woolen goods. It has a high 
school, banks and two weekly newspapers. The 
surrounding region is agricultural, though con- 
siderable coal is mined in the vicinity. Popula- 
tion (1880), 2,858; (1800), 2,.500; (1900), 1,937. 

HINCKLEY, a village of De Kalb County, on 
the Rochelle Division of tlie Chicago, Burlington 
& Qulncy Railroad, 18 miles west of Aurora; in 
rich agricultural and dairying region ; has grain 
elevators, brick and tile works, water system and 
electric light plant. Pep. (1890), 496; (1900), 587. 

HIXRICHSEX, William H., ex-Secretary of 
State and ex-Congressman, was born at Franklin, 
Morgan County, 111., May 27, 1850; educated at 
the University of Illinois, spent four years in the 
office of his father, who was stock-agent of the 
Wabash Railroad, and six years (1874-80) as 
Deputy Sheriff of Morgan County; then went 
into the newspaper business, editing the Jackson- 
ville "Evening Courier," until 1880, after which 
he was connected with "Tlie Quincy Herald," to 
1890, when he returned to Jacksonville and re- 
sumed liis place on ' 'The Courier. ' " He was Clerk 
of the House of Representatives in 1891, and 
elected Secretary of State in 1892, serving until 
January, 1897. Mr. Hinrichsen has been a mem- 
ber of the Democratic State Central Committee 
since 1890, and was Chairman of that body dur- 
ing 1894-96. In 1896 Mr. Hinrichsen was the 
nominee of his party for Congress in the Six- 
teenth District and was elected by over 6,000 
majority, but failed to secure a renomination in 
1898. 

HINSDALE, a village in Du Page County and 
popular residence suburb, on the Chicago, Bur- 
lington & Quincy Railroad, 17 miles west-south- 
west of Chicago. It has four churches, a gi-aded 
school, an academy, electric light plant, water- 
works, sewerage system, and two weekly news- 
papers. Population (1890), 1,584; (1900), 2,578. 

HITCHCOCK, Charles, lawyer, was born at 
Hanson, Plymouth County, Mass., April 4, 1827; 
studied at Dartmouth College and at Harvard 
Law School, and was admitted to the bar in 1854, 
soon afterward establishing himself for the prac- 
tice of his profession in Chicago. In 18G9 Mr. 
Hitchcock was elected to the State Constitutional 
Convention, which was the only important pub- 
lic office that he held, though his capacity was 
recognized by his election to the Presidency of 
that body. Died, May 6, 1881. 

HITCHCOCK, Luke, clergyman, was born 
April 13, 1813, at Lebanon, N. Y, , entered the 
ministry of the Methodist Episcopal Church in 
1884, and, after supplying various charges in 



that State during the next five years, in 1839 
came to Chicago, becoming one of the most 
influential factors in the Methodist denomination 
in Noithern Illinois. Between that date and 
1860 lie was identified, as regular pastor or Pre- 
siding Elder, with churches at Dixon, Ottawa, 
Belvidere, Rockford, Mount Morris, St. Charles 
and Chicago (the old Clark Street church), with 
two years' service (1841-43) as agent of Rock 
River Seminary at Mount Morris — his itinerant 
labors being interrupted at two or three periods 
by ill-health, compelling him to assume a super- 
annuated relation. From 1852 to '80, inclusive, 
he was a delegate every four years to the General 
Conference. In 1860 he was appointed Agent of 
the Western Book Concern, and, as the junior 
representative, was placed in charge of the 
depository at Chicago — in 1868 becoming the 
Senior Agent, and so remaining until 1880. His 
subsequent service included two terms as Presid- 
ing Elder for the Dixon and Chicago Districts; 
the position of Superintendent of the Chicago 
Home Missionary and Church Extension Society ; 
Superintendent of the Wesley Hoispital (which he 
assisted to organize), his last position being that 
of Corresponding Secretary of the Superannu- 
ates' Relief Association. He was also influential 
in securing the establishment of a church paper 
in Chicago and the founding of the Northwestern 
University and Garrett Biblical Institute. Died, 
while on a visit to a daughter at East Orange, 
N. J., Nov. 12, 1898. 

HITT, Daniel F., civil engineer and soldier, 
was born in Bourbon County, Ky., June 13, 1810 
— the son of a Methodist preacher who freed his 
slaves and removed to Urbana, Ohio, in 1814. In 
1829 the son began the study of engineering and, 
removing to Illinois the following year, was ap- 
pointed Assistant Engineer on the Illinois & 
Michigan Canal, later being employed in survey- 
ing some sixteen years. Being stationed at 
Prairie du Chien at the time of the Black Hawk 
War (1832), he was attached to the Stephenson 
Rangers for a j'ear, but at the end of that period 
resumed surveying and, having settled in La 
Salle County, became the first Surveyor of that 
county. In 1861 he joined Colonel Cushman, of 
Ottawa, in the organization of the Fifty-third 
Illinois Volunteers, was mustered into the service 
in Slarch, 1862, and commissioned its Lieutenant- 
Colonel. The regiment took part in various 
battles, including those of Shiloh, Corinth and 
La Grange, Term. In the latter Colonel Hitt 
received an injury by being thrown from his 
horse which compelled his resignation and from 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



235 



which he never fully recovered. Returning to 
Ottawa, he continued to reside there until his 
death, May 11, 1899. Colonel Hitt was father of 
Andrew J. Hitt, General Superintendent of the 
Chicago, Rock Island & Pacific Railroad, and 
uncle of Congressman Robert R. Hitt of Mount 
Morris. Originally a Democrat, he allied himself 
with the Republican party on the breaking out 
of the Civil War. He was a thirty second degree 
Mason and prominent in Grand Army circles. 

HITT, Isaac R., real-estate operator, was born 
at Boonsboro, Md., June 2, 1828; in 1845 entered 
the freshman class at Asbury University, Ind., 
graduating in 1849. Then, removing to Ottawa, 
III., he was engaged for a time in farming, but, 
in 18,'52, entered into the forwarding anil com- 
mission business at La Salle. Having meanwhile 
devoted some attention to real-estate law, in IS.")!! 
he began buying and selling real estate while 
continuing his farming operations, adding thereto 
coal-mining. In May, 1856, he was a delegate 
from La Salle County to the State Convention at 
Bloomington wliich resulted in the organization 
of the Republican party in Illinois. Removing 
to Chicago in 1860, he engaged in the real-estate 
business there; in 1862 was appointed on a com- 
mittee of citizens to look after the interests of 
woundeil Illinois soldiers after the battle of Fort 
Donelson, in that capacity visiting hospitals at 
Cairo, Evansville, Paducah and Nashville. Dur- 
ing the war he engaged to some extent in tlie 
business of prosecuting soldiers' claims. Mr. 
Hitt has been a member of botli the Chicago and 
the National Academy of Sciences, and, in 1869, 
was appointed by Governor Palmer on the Com- 
mission to laj' out the park system of Chicago. 
Since 1871 he has resided at Evanston, where he 
aided in the erection of the Woman's College in 
connection with the Northwestern University. 
In 1876 he was appointed by the Governor agent 
to prosecute the claims of the State for swamp 
lands within its limits, and has given much of 
his attention to that business since. 

HITT, Robert Roberts, Congressman, was born 
at Urbana, Ohio, Jan. 16, 18.34. AVlien he was 
three years old his parents removed to Illinois, 
settling in Ogle County. His education wag 
acquired at Rock River Seminary (now Mount 
Morris College), and at De Pauw University, Ind. 
In 1858 3Ir. Hitt was one of the reporters who 
reported the celebrated debate of that year 
between Lincoln and Douglas. From December, 
1874. until March, '81, he was connected with the 
United States embassy at Paris, serving as First 
Secretary of Legation and Charge d' Affaires ad 



interim. He was Assistant Secretary of State in 
1881, but resigned the post in 1882, having been 
elected to Congress from the Sixth Illinois Dis- 
trict to fill the vacancy occasioned by the death 
of R. M. A. Hawk. By eight successive re-elec- 
tions he has represented the District continuously 
since, his career being conspicuous for long serv- 
ice. In that time he has taken an important 
part in the deliberations of the House, -serving as 
Chairman of many important committees, not- 
ably that on Foreign Affairs, of which he has 
been Chairman for several terms, and for which 
his diplomatic experience well qualifies him. In 
1898 he was appointed by President JIcKinley a 
member of the Committee to visit Hawaii and 
report upon a form of government for that por- 
tion of the newly acquired national domain. Mr. 
Hitt was strongly supported as a candidate for 
the United States Senate in 1895, and favorably 
considered for the position of Minister to Eng- 
land after the retirement of Secretary Day in 
1898. 

HOBART, Horace R., was born in Wisconsin 
in 18.39 : graduated at Beloit College and, after a 
brief experience in newspaper work, enlisted, in 
1861, in the First Wisconsin Cavalry and was 
assigned to duty as Battalion Quartermaster. 
Being wounded at Helena, Ark., he was com- 
pelled to resign, but afterwards served as Deputy 
Provost Marshal of the Second Wisconsin Dis- 
trict. In 1866 he reentered newspaper work as 
reporter on "The Chicago Tribune," and later 
was associated, as city editor, with "The Chicago 
Evening Post"' and "Evening Mail"; later was 
editor of "The Jacksonville Daily Journal" and 
"The Cliicago Morning Courier," also being, for 
some years from 1869, Western Manager of the 
American Press Association. In 1876, Mr. Hobart 
became one of the editors of "The Railway Age" 
(Cliicago), with which he remained until the 
close of the ye.ar 1898, when he retired to give his 
attention to real-estate matters. 

HOFFMAX, Francis A., Lieutenant-Governor 
(1861-65), was born at Ilerford. Prussia, in 1822, 
and emigrated to America in 1839, reaching Chica- 
go the same year. There he became a boot-black in 
a leading hotel, but within a month was teaching 
a small German scliool at Dunkley's Grove (now 
Addison), Du Page County, and later officiating 
as a Lutheran minister. In 1847 he represented 
that county in the River and Harbor Convention 
at Chicago. In 1852 he removed to Cliicago, and, 
the following year, entered the City Council. 
Later, he embarked in the real-estate business, 
and, in 1854, opened a banking house, but was 



236 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



forced to assign in 1861. He early became a 
recognized anti-slavery leader and a contributor 
to the German press, and, in 1850, was nominated 
for Lieutenant-Governor on the first Republican 
State ticket with William H. Bissell, but was 
found ineligible by reason of his short residence 
in the United States, and withdrew, giving place 
to John Wood of Quincy. In 1860 he was again 
nominated, and liaving in the meantime become 
eligible, was elected. In 1864 he was a Repub- 
lican candidate for Presidential Elector, and 
assisted in Mr. Lincoln's second election. He 
was at one time Foreign Land Commissioner for 
the Illinois Central Railroad, and acted as Consul 
at Chicago for several German States. For a 
number of years past Mr. Hoffman has been 
editor of an agricultural paper in Southern 
Wisconsin. 

HOGAX, Jolin, clergyman and early politician, 
was born in the city of Mallow, County of Cork, 
Ireland, Jan. 2, 1805; brought in childhood to 
Baltimore, Md., and having been left an orphan at 
eight years of age, learned the trade of a shoe- 
maker. In 1826 he became an itinerant Metlio- 
dist preacher, and, coming west the same year, 
preaclied at various points in Indiana, Illinois 
and Missouri. In 1830 he was married to Miss 
Mary Mitchell West, of Belleville, 111., and soon 
after, having retired from the itinerancy, engaged 
in mercantile business at Edwardsville and Alton. 
In 1836 he was elected Representative in the 
Tenth General Assembly from Madison County, 
two years later was appointed a Commissioner of 
Public Works and, being re-elected in 1840, was 
made President of the Board ; in 1841 was ap- 
pointed by President Harrison Register of the 
Land Office at Dixon, where he remained until 
1845. During the anti-slavery excitement which 
attended the assassination of Elijah P. Lovejoy 
in 1837, he was a resident of Alton and was re- 
garded by the friends of Lovejoy as favoring the 
pro-slavery faction. After retiring from the 
Land Office at Dixon, he removed to St. Louis, 
where he engaged in the wholesale grocery busi- 
ness. In his early political life he was a Whig, 
but later co-operated with tl\e Democratic party ; 
in 1857 he was appointed by President Buchanan 
Postmaster of the city of St. Louis, serving until 
the accession of Lincoln in 1861 ; in 1864 was 
elected as a Democrat to the Thirty-ninth Con- 
gress, serving two years. He was also a delegate 
to the National Union (Democratic) Convention 
at Philadelphia in 1866. After his retirement 
from the Methodist itinerancy he continued to 
officiate as a "local" preacher and was esteemed 



a speaker of unusual eloquence and ability. His 
death occurred, Feb. 5, 1893. He is author of sev- 
eral volumes, including "The Resources of Mis- 
souri," "Commerce and Manufactures of St. 
Louis," and a "History of Methodism." 

HOGE, Joseph P., Congressman, was born in 
Ohio early in the century and came to Galena, 
111. , in 1836, where he attained prominence as a 
lawyer. In 1842 he was elected Representative 
in Congress, as claimed at the time by the aid of 
the Mormon vote at Nauvoo, serving one term. ■ 
In 1853 he went to San Francisco, Cal., and be- 
came a Judge in that State, dying a few years 
since at the age of over 80 years. He is repre- 
sented to have been a man of much ability and a 
graceful and eloquent orator. Mr. Hoge was a 
son-in-law of Thomas C. Browne, one of the Jus- 
tices of the first Supreme Court of Illinois who 
lield office until 1848. 

HOLUSTER, (Dr.) John Hamilton, physi- 
cian, was born at Riga, N. Y., in 1824; was 
brought to Romeo, Mich., by his parents in in- 
fancy, but his father having died, at the age of 17 
went to Rochester, N. Y., to be educated, finally 
graduating in medicine at Berkshire College, 
Mass., in 1847, and beginning practice at Otisco, 
Mich. Two years later he removed to Grand 
Rapids and, in 1855, to Chicago, where he held, 
for a time, the position of demonstrator of anat- 
omy in Rush Medical College, and, in 1856, be- 
came one of the founders of the Chicago Medical 
College, in whicli he has held various chairs. He 
also served as Surgeon of Mercy Hospital and 
was, for twenty years. Clinical Professor in the 
same institution; was President of the State 
Medical Society, and, for twenty years, its Treas- 
urer. Other positions held by him have been 
those of Trustee of the American Medical Associ- 
ation and editor of its journal. President of the 
Young Men's Christian Association and of the 
Chicago Congregational Club. He has also been 
prominent in Sunday School and church work in 
connection with the Armour Mission, with which 
he has been associated for many years. 

HOME FOR JUVENILE OFFENDERS, (FE- 
MALE). The establishment of this institution 
was authorized by act of June 22, 1893, which 
appropriated §73,000 towards its erection and 
maintenance, not more than §15,000 to be ex- 
pended for a site. (See also State Ouardians for 
Girh.) It is designed to receive girls between the 
ages of 10 and 16 committed thereto by any court 
of record upon conviction of a misdemeanor, the 
term of commitment not to be less than one 
year, or to exceed minority. Justices of the 



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HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



337 



Peace, however, may send girls for a term not 
less than three months. The act of incorporation 
provides for a commutation of sentence to be 
earned by good conduct and a prolongation of 
the sentence by bad behavior. The Trustees are 
empowered, in their discretion, either to appren- 
tice the girLs or to adopt them out during tlieir 
minority. Temiwrarj" quarters were furnished 
for the Home during the first two years of its 
existence in Chicago, but permanent buildings 
for the institution have been erected on the 
banks of Fox River, near Geneva, in Kane County. 

HOMER, a village in Champaign County, on 
the Wabash Railway, 20 miles west-.southwest 
from Danville and about 18 miles east-southeast 
from Champaign. It supports a carriage factory; 
also has two banks, several churches, a seminary, 
an opera liouse, and one weekly paper. The 
region is cliiefly agricultural. Population (1880), 
934; (1890), 917; (1900), 1,080. 

HOMESTEAD LAWS. In general such laws 
have been defined to be "legislation enacted to 
secure, to some extent, the enjoj-ment of a home 
and shelter for a family or individual by exempt- 
ing, under certain conditions, the residence occu- 
pied b}' the family or individual, from liability to 
be sold for the payment of the debts of its owner, 
and by restricting his rights of free alienation." 
In Illinois, this exemption extends to the farm 
and dwelling thereon of every houseliolder hav- 
ing a family, and occupied as a. residence, 
whether owned or possessed under a lease, to the 
value of 51,000. The exemption continues after 
death, for the benefit of decedent's %vife or hus- 
band occupying the homestead, and also of the 
children, if any, until the youngest attain the 
age of 21 years. Husband and wife must join in 
releasing the exemption, but the property is 
always liable for improvements thereon. — In 1862 
Congress passed an act known as the "Homestead 
Law" for the protection of the rights of settlers 
on public lands under certain restrictions as to 
active occupancy, under which most of that 
class of lands since taken for settlement have 
been purchased. 

HOMEWOOD, a village of Cook County, on the 
Illinois Central Railway, 23 miles south of Chi- 
cago. Population, (1900), 3,52. 

HOOLEV, Richard M., theatrical manager, 
was born in Ireland, .Vpril 13, 1822; at the age of 
18 entered the theater as a musician and, four 
years later, came to America, soon after forming 
an association with E. P. Chri.sty, the originator 
of negro minstrelsy entertainments which went 
under his name. In 1848 Mr. Hooley conducted 



a company of minstrels through the principal 
towns of England, Scotland and Ireland, and to 
some of the cliief cities on the continent; re- 
turned to America five years later, and subse- 
quently managed houses in San Francisco, 
Philadelphia, Brooklyn and New York, finally 
locating in Chicago in 1809, where he remained 
the rest of his life, — his theater becoming one of 
the most widely known and popular in the citj'. 
Died, Sept. 8, 1893. 

HOOPESTON, a prosperous city in Vermilion 
County, at the intersection of the Chicago it East- 
ern Illinois and the Lake Erie & Western Rail- 
roads, 99 miles south of Chicago. It has grain 
elevators, a nail factory, brick and tile works, 
carriage and machme shops, and two large can- 
ning factories, besides two banks and one daily 
and three weekly new.spapers, several churches, 
a high school and a business college. Population 
(1890), 1,911: (1900), 3,823; (1904), about 4,500. 

HOPKINS, Albert J., Congressman, was born 
in De Kalb County, III., August 15, 1846. After 
graduating from Hillsdale College, Mich., in 1870, 
he studied law and began practice at Aurora. 
He rapidly attained prominence at the bar, and, 
in 1872, was elected State's Attorney for Kane 
County, serving in that capacity for four years. 
He is an ardent Republican and high in the 
party's councils, having been Chairman of the 
State Central Committee from 1878 to 1880, and a 
Presidential Elector on the Blaine & Logan 
ticket in 1884. The same year he was elected to 
the Forty -ninth Congress from the Fifth District 
(now the Eighth) and has been continuously re- 
elected ever since, receiving a clear majority in 
1898 of more than 18,000 votes over two competi- 
tors. At present (1898) he is Chairman of the 
Select House Committee on Census and a member 
of the Committees on Ways and Means, and Jler- 
chant Marine and Fisheries. In 1896 he was 
strongly supported for the Republican nomina- 
tion for (Jovernor. 

HOUGHTON, Horace Hoi-kiner, pioneer printer 
and journalist, was born at Springfield, Vt., Oct. 
26, 1800, spent his youth on a farm, and at eight- 
een began learning the printer's trade in the office 
of "The Woodstock Overseer" ; on arriving at his 
majority became a journeyman printer and, in 
1828, went to New York, spending some time in 
the emploj-inent of the Harper Brothers. After 
a brief season spent in Boston, lie took charge of 
"The Statesman" at Castleton, Vt., but, in 1834, 
again went to New York, tjiking with him a 
device for throwing the printed sheet off the 
press, which was afterwards adopted on the 



238 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



Adams and Hoe printing presses. His next 
move was to Marietta, Oliio, in 1834, thence by 
way of Cincinnati and Louisville to St. Louis, 
working for a time in the office of the old "St. 
Louis Republican." He soon after went to 
Galena and engaged in lead-mining, but later 
became associated with Sylvester M. Bartlett in 
the management of "The Northwestern Gazette 
and Galena Advertiser," finally becoming sole 
proprietor. In 1843 he sold out the paper, but 
resumed his connection with it the following 
year, remaining imtil 1863, when he finally sold 
out. He afterwards spent some time on the 
Pacific slope, was for a time American Consul to 
the Sandwich Islands, but finally returned to 
Galena and, during the later years of his life, 
was Postmaster there, dying April 30, 18T9. 

HOVET, Charles Edward, educator, soldier 
and lawyer, was born in Orange County, Vt., 
April 26, 1837 ; graduated at Dartmouth College in 
1852, and became successively Principal of high 
schools at Farmington, Mass., and Peoria, 111. 
Later, he assisted in organizing the Illinois State 
Normal School at Normal, of which he was 
President from 1857 to 1861 — being also President 
of the State Teachers' Association (1856), mem- 
ber of the State Board of Education, and, for some 
years, editor of "The Illinois Teacher." In Au- 
gust, 1861, he assisted in organizing, and was com- 
missioned Colonel of, the Thirty-third Illinois 
Volunteers, known as the "Normal" or "School- 
Masters' Regiment,"' from the fact that it was 
composed largely of teachers and j^oung men 
from the State colleges. In 1862 he was promoted 
to the rank of Brigadier-General and, a few 
months later, to brevet Major-General for gallant 
and meritorious conduct. Leaving the military 
service in May, 1863, he engaged in the practice 
of law in Washington, D. C. Died, in Washing- 
ton, Nov. 17, 1897. 

HOWLAND, George, educator and author, was 
born (of Pilgrim ancestry) at Conway, Mass., 
July 30, 1824. After graduating from Amherst 
College in 1850, he devoted two years to teaching 
in the public schools, and three years to a tutor- 
ship in his Alma Mater, giving instruction in 
Latin, Greek and French. He began the study 
of law, but, after a year's reading, he abandoned 
it, removing to Chicago, where he became Assist- 
ant Principal of the city's one high school, in 
1858. He became its Principal in 1860, and, in 
1880, was elected Superintendent of Chicago City 
Schools. This position he filled until August, 
1891, when he resigned. He also served as Trus- 
tee of Amherst College for several years, and as a 



member of the Illinois State Board of Education, 
being President of that body in 1883. As an 
author he was of some note; his work being 
chiefly on educational lines. He published a 
translation of the .lEneid adapted to the use of 
schools, besides translations of some of Horace's 
Odes and portions of the Iliad and Odyssey. He 
was also the author of an English grammar. 
Died, in Chicago, Oct. 21, 1892. 

HOYXE, PhiHp A., lawyer and United States 
Commissioner, was born in New York City, Nov. 
20, 1824; came to Chicago in 1841, and, after 
spending eleven years alternately in Galena and 
Chicago, finally located permanently in Chicago, 
in 1852 ; in 1853 was elected Clerk of the Record- 
er's Court of Chicago, retaining the position five 
years; was admitted to the bar in March, 1856, 
and appointed United States Commissioner the 
same year, remaining in office until his death, 
Nov. 3, 1894. Mr. Hoyne was an officer of the 
Chicago Pioneers and one of the founders of the 
Union League Club. 

HUBBARD, Gnrdon Saltonstall, pioneer and 
Indian trader, was born at Windsor, Vt., August 
22, 1802. His early youth was passed in Canada, 
chiefly in the employ of the American Fur Com- 
pany. In 1818 he first visited Fort Dearborn, and 
for nine years traveled back and forth in the 
interest of his employers. In 1827, having em- 
barked in business on his own account, he estab- 
lished several trading posts in Illinois, becoming 
a resident of Chicago in 1832. From this time 
forward he became identified with the history 
and development of the State. He served with 
distinction during the Black Hawk and Winne- 
bago Wars, was enterprising and public-spirited, 
and did much to promote the early development 
of Chicago. He was elected to the Legislature 
from Vermilion County in 1832, and, in 1835, 
was appointed by Governor Duncan one of the 
Commissioners of the Illinois & Michigan Canal. 
Died, at Chicago, Sept. 14, 1886. From the time 
he became a citizen of Chicago, for fifty years, 
no man was more active or public-spirited 
in promoting its commercial development and 
general prosperity. He was identified with 
almost every branch of business upon which its 
growth as a commercial city depended, from that 
of an early Indian trader to that of a real-estate 
operator, being manager of one of the largest pack- 
ing houses of his time, as well as promoter of 
early railroad enterprises. A zealous Republican, 
he was one of the most earnest supporters of 
Abraham Lincoln in the campaign of 1860, was 
prominently identified with every local measure 



UISTOKICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



239 



for the maintenance of the Union cause, and, for 
a )"ear, lielJ a commission as Captain in the 
Eighty-eighth Regiment Illinois Vohmteers. 
known asthe "Second Board of Trade Regiment." 

HUGHITT, Marvin, Railway President, was 
born, August, 18:57, and, in 180C, began his rail- 
road experience on the Chicago & Alton Railway 
as Superintendent of Telegraph and Train-de- 
spatcher. In 1802 he entered the service of the 
Illinois Central Company in a similar capacity, 
still later occupying the positions of Assistant 
Superintendent and General Superintendent, re- 
maining in the latter from 1865 to 1870, when he 
resigned to become Assistant General Manager 
of the Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul. In 1872 
he became associated with the Chicago it North- 
western Railroad, in connection with -which he 
has held the positions of Superintendent, General 
Manager, Second Vice-President and President — 
the last of which (1899) he still occupies. 

HULETT, Alta M., lawyer, was born near 
Eockford, 111., June 4, 1854; early learned teleg- 
raph}' and became a successful operator, but sub- 
sequently engaged in teaching and the study of 
law. In 1872, having passed the required exami- 
nation, she applied for admission to the bar, but 
was rejected on account of sex. She then, in 
conjunction with Mrs. Bradwell and others, 
interested herself in securing the passage of an 
act by the Legislature giving women the right 
that had been denied her, wliich having been 
accomplished, she went to Chicago, was admitted 
to the bar and began practice. Died, in Cali- 
fornia, March 27, 1877. 

HUXT, Daniel D., legislator, was born in 
■Wyoming County, N. Y., Sept. 19, 1835, came to 
De Kalb County. 111., in 1857, and has since been 
engaged in hotel, mercantile and fanning busi- 
ness. He was elected as a Republican Represent- 
ative in the Thirty-fifth General A.ssembly in 
1886, and re elected in 1888. Two years later he 
was elected to the State Senate, re-elected in 
1894, and again in 1898 — giving him a continuous 
service in one or the other branch of the General 
Assembly of sixteen years. During the session 
of 1895, Senator Hunt was especially active in 
the legislation which resulted in the location of 
the Northern Illinois Normal Institute at De 
Kalb. 

HUNT, Gporg-p, lawyer and ex-Attorney-Gen- 
eral, was born in Knox Count}-, Ohio, in 1841; 
having lost both parents in childhood, came, 
with an uncle, to Edgar County, 111., in 185.5. In 
July, 1861, at the age of 20, he enlisted in the 
Twelfth Illinois Infantry, re-enlisting as a veteran 



in 1864, and rising from the ranks to a captaincy. 
After the close of the war, he studied law, was 
admitted to the bar, and, locating at Paris, Edgar 
County, soon acquired a large practice. He was 
elected State Senator on the Republican ticket in 
1874, and re-elected in 1878 and "82. In 1^84 he 
received his first nomination for Attorney-Gen- 
eral, was renominated in 1888. and elected both 
times, serving eight years. Among the im- 
portant questions with which General Hunt had 
to deal during his two terms were the celebrated 
"anarchist cases" of 1887 and of l.syo-92. In the 
former the condemiied Chicago anarcliists applied 
through their counsel to the Supreme Court of 
the United States, for a writ of error to the Su- 
preme Court of Illinois to compel the latter to 
grant them a new trial, which was refused. The 
case, on the part of the State, was conducted by 
General Hunt, while Gen. B. F. Butler of Massa- 
chusetts, John Randolph Tucker of Virginia, 
Roger A. Pryor of New York, and Messrs. W. P. 
Black and Solomon of Chicago appeared for the 
plaintiffs. Again, in 1890, Fielden and Schwab, 
who had been condemned to life imprisonment, 
attempted to secure their release — the former by 
an application similar to that of 1887, and the 
latter by appeal from a decision of Judge Gresham 
of the United States Circuit Court refusing a 
writ of habeas corpus. The final hearing of 
these cases was had before the Supreme Court of 
the United States in January, 1892, General 
Butler again appearing as leading counsel for the 
plaintiffs — but with the same result as in 1887. 
General Hunt's management of these cases won 
for Mm much deserved commendation both at 
home and abroad. 

HUXTER, AndreiT J., was born in Greencastle, 
Ind., Dec. 17, 1831, and removed in infancy by 
his parents, to Edgar County, this State. His 
early education was received in the common 
schools and at Edgar Academy. He commenced 
his business life as a civil engineer, but, after 
three years spent in that profession, began the 
study of law and was admitted to the bar. He 
has since been actively engaged in practice at 
Paris, Edgar County. From 18G4 to 1868 he repre- 
sented that county in the State Senate, and, in 
1870, led the Democratic forlorn hope in the Fif- 
teenth Congressional District against General 
Jesse H. Moore, and rendered a like service to his 
party in 1882, when Joseph G. Cannon was his 
Republican antagonist. In 1886 he was elected 
Judge of the Edgar County Court, and, in 1890, 
was re-elected, but resigned this office in 1892, 
having been elected Congressman for the State- 



240 



niSTOrtlCAL EXCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLIXOIS. 



at-large on the Democratic ticket. He was a can- 
didate for Congress from tlie Nineteenth District 
again in 1896, and was again elected, receiving a 
majority of 1,200 over Hon. Benson Wood, bis 
Republican opponent and immediate predecessor. 
HUNTER, (Gen.) David, soldier, was born in 
Washington, D. C, July 31, 1802; graduated at 
the United States Military Academy in 1822, 
and assigned to the Fifth Infantry with the rank 
of Second Lieutenant, becoming First Lieutenant 
in 1828 and Captain of Dragoons in 1833. During 
this period he twice crossed the plains to the 
Rocky Mountains, but, in 1836, resigned his com- 
mission and engaged in business in Chicago, 
Re-entering the service as Paymaster in 1842, he 
was Chief Paymaster of General Wool's command 
in the Mexican War, and was afterwards stationed 
at New Orleans, AVashington, Detroit, St. Louis 
and on the frontier. He was a personal friend of 
President Lincoln, whom he accompanied when 
the latter set out for Washington in February, 
1861, but was disabled at Buffalo, having his 
collar-bone dislocated by the crowd. He was 
appointed Colonel of the Sixth United States 
Cavalry, May 14, 1861, three days later commis- 
sioned Brigadier-General and, in August, made 
Major-General. In the Manassas campaign he 
commanded the main column of McDowell's 
army and was severely wounded at Bull Run; 
served under Fremont in Missouri and succeeded 
him in command in November, 1861, remaining 
until March, 1862. Being transferred to the 
Department of the South in May following, he 
issued an order declaring the persons held as 
slaves in Georgia, Florida and South Carolina 
free, which order was revoked by President Lin- 
coln ten days later. On account of the steps 
taken by him for the organization of colored 
troops, Jefferson Davis issued an order declaring 
him. in case of capture, subject to execution as 
a felon. In May, 1864, he was placed in com- 
mand of the Department of the West, and, in 

1865, served on various courts-martial, being 
President of the commission that tried Mr. Lin- 
coln's assassins; was brevetted Major-General in 
March, 1865, retired from active service July, 

1866. and died in Washington, Feb. 2, 1886. Gen- 
eral Hunter married a daughter of John Kinzie, 
the first permanent citizen of Chicago. 

HURD, Harvey B., lawyer, was born in Fair- 
field County, Conn. , Feb. 24, 1827. At the age of 
15 he walked to Bridgeport, where he began life 
as oflice-boy in "The Bridgeport Standard," a 
journal of pronounced Whig proclivities. In 
1844 he came to Illinois, entering Jubilee College, 



but, after a brief attendance, came to Chicago in 
1846. There he found temporary employment 
as a compositor, later commencing the study of 
law, and being admitted to the bar in 1848. A 
portion of the present city of Evanston is built 
upon a 248-acre tract owned and subdivided by Mr. 
Hurd and his partner. Always in sympathy 
with the old school and most radical type of 
Abolitionists, he took a deep interest in the Kan- 
sas-Missouri troubles of 1856, and became a mem- 
ber of the "National Kansas Committee" 
appointed by the Buffalo (N. Y.) Convention, of 
which body he was a member. He was chosen 
Secretary of the executive committee, and it is 
not too much to say that, largely through his 
earnest and poorly requited labors, Kansas was 
finally admitted into the Union as a free State. 
It was mainly through his efforts that seed for 
planting was gratuitously distributed among the 
free-soil settlers. In 1869 he was appointed a 
member of the Commission to revise the statutes 
of Illinois, a large part of the work devolving 
upon him in consequence of the withdrawal of 
his colleagues. The revision was completed in 
1874, in conjunction with a Joint Committee of 
Revision of both Houses appointed by the Legis- 
lature of 1873. While no statutory revision has 
been ordered by subsequent Legislatures, Mr. 
Hurd has carried on the same character of work 
on independent lines, issuing new editions of the 
statutes from time to time, which are regarded as 
standard works by the bar. In 1875 he was 
nominated by the Republican party for a seat on 
the Supreme bench, but was defeated by the late 
Judge T. Lyle Dickey. For several years he 
filled a chair in the faculty of the Union College 
of Law. His home is in Evanston. 

HURLBUT, Stephen A., soldier, Congressman 
and Foreign Minister, was born at Charleston, 
S. C, Nov. 29, 1815, received a thorough liberal 
education, and was admitted to the bar in 1837. 
Soon afterwards he removed to Illinois, making 
his home at Belvidere. He was a member of the 
Constitutional Convention of 1847, in 1848 was an 
unsuccessful candidate for Presidential Elector 
on the Whig ticket, but, on the organization of 
the Republican party in 1856, promptly identified 
himself with that party and was elected to the 
lower branch of the General Assembly as a 
Republican in 1858 and again in 1860. During 
the War of the Rebellion he served with distinc- 
tion from May, 1861, to July, 1865. He entered 
the service as Brigadier-General, commanding 
the Fourth Division of Grant's army at Pittsburg 
Landing ; was made a Major-General in Septem- 











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HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



241 



ber, 1862, and later assigned to the command of 
the Sixteenth Army Corps, at Memphis, and sub- 
sequently to the command of the Department of 
the Gulf (1864-65). After the close of the war he 
served another term in the General Assembly 
(1867), was chosen Presidential Elector for the 
Stateat-large in 1868, and, in 1869, was appointed 
by President Grant Minister Resident to the 
United States of Colombia, serving until 1872. 
The latter year he was elected Representative to 
Congress, and re-elected two years later. In 
1876 he was a candidate for re-election as an 
independent Republican, but was defeated by 
William Lathrop, the regular nominee. In 1881 
he was appointed Minister Resident to Peru, and 
died at Lima, March 27, 1882. 

HUTCHIN'S, Thomas, was born in Monmouth, 
N. J., in 1730, died in Pittsburg, Pa., April 28, 
1789. He was the first Government Surveyor, fre- 
quently called the "Geographer"; was also an 



officer of the Sixtieth Roj'al (British) regiment, 
and assistant engineer under Bouquet. At the 
outbreak of the Revolution, while stationed at 
Fort Chartres, he resigned his commission be- 
cause of his sympathy with the patriots. Three 
years later he was charged with being in treason- 
able correspondence with Franklin, and im- 
prisoned in the Tower of London. He is said to 
liave devised the present system of CJovernment 
surveys in this country, and his services in carry- 
ing it into effect were certainly of great value. 
He was the author of several valuable works, the 
best known being a "Topographical Description 
of Virginia " 

HUTSON VILLE, a village of Crawford County, 
on the Cleveland, Cincinnati, Chicago & St. 
Louis Railway, and the Wabash River, 34 miles 
south of Paris. The district is agricultural. The 
town has a bank and a weekly paper. Population 
(1890), 582; (1900), 743. 



ILLINOIS. 

(general history.) 



Illinois is the twenty-first State of the Federal 
Union in the order of its admission, the twentieth 
in present area and the third in point of popula- 
tion. A concise history of the region, of which it 
constituted the central portion at an early period, 
will be found in the following pages: 

The greater part of the territory now comprised 
within the State of Illinois was known and at- 
tracted eager attention from the nations of the 
old world — especially in France, German}' and 
England — before the close of the third quarter of 
the seventeenth century. More than one hun- 
dred years before the struggle for American Inde- 
pendence began, or the geographical division 
known as the "Territory of the Northwest" had 
an existence; before the names of Kentucky, 
Tennessee, Vermont or Ohio had been heard of, 
and while the early settlers of New England and 
Virginia were still struggling for a foothold 
among the Indian tribes on the Atlantic coast, 
the "Illinois Country" occupied a place on the 
maps of North America as distinct and definite 
as New York or Pennsylvania. And from that 
time forward, until it assumed its position in the 
Union with the rank of a State, no other .section 
has been the theater of more momentous and 
stirring events or has contributed more material, 
affording interest and instruction to the archaeol- 
ogist, the ethnologist and the historian, than 



that portion of the American Continent now 
known as the "State of Illinois." 

The "Illinois Country." — What was known 
to the early French explorers and their followers 
and descendants, for the ninety years which 
intervened between the discoveries of Joliet and 
La Salle, down to the surrender of this region to 
the EngUsh, as the "Illinois Country," is de- 
scribed with great clearness and definiteness by 
Capt. Philip Pittman, an English engineer who 
made the first survey of the Mississippi River 
soon after the transfer of the French possessions 
east of the Mississippi to the British, and who 
published the result of his observations in London 
in 1770. In this report, which is evidently a 
work of the highest authenticity, and is the more 
valuable because %vritten at a transition period 
when it was of the first importance to preserve 
and hand down the facts of early French history 
to the new occupants of the soil, the boundaries 
of the "Illinois Country" are defined as follows: 
"The Country of the Illinois is bounded by the 
Missis.sippi on the west, by the river Illinois on 
the north, by the Ouabache and Miamis on the 
ea,st and the Ohio on the .south." 

From this it would appear that the country lying 
between the Illinois and the Mississippi Rivers to 
the west and northwest of the former, was not 
considered a part of the "Illinois Country," and 



242 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



this agrees generally with the records of the 
early French explorers, except that they regarded 
the region which comprehends the site of the 
present city of Chicago — the importance of which 
appears to have been appreciated from the first 
as a connecting link between the Lakes and the 
upper tributaries of the rivers falUng into the 
Gulf of Mexico— as belonging thereto 

Origin of the Name. — The "Country" appears 
to have derived its name from Inini, a word of 
Algonquin origin, signifying "the men," eu- 
phemized by the French into Illini with the 
suffix ois, signifying "tribe." The root of the 
term, applied both to the country and the Indians 
occupying it, has been still further defined as "a 
perfect man" (Haines on "Indian Names"), and 
the derivative has been used by the French 
chroniclers in various forms though always with 
the same signification — a signification of which 
the earliest claimants of the appellation, as well 
as their successors of a different race, have not 
failed to be duly proud. 

Boundaries and Area.— It is this region 
which gave the name to the State of which it 
constituted so large and important a part. Its 
boundaries, so far as the Wabash and the Ohio 
Rivers (as well as the Mississippi from the mouth 
of the Ohio to the mouth of the Illinois) are con- 
cerned, are identical with those given to the 
"Illinois Country" by Pittman. The State is 
bounded on the north by Wisconsin ; on the east 
by Lake Michigan, the State of Indiana and the 
Wabash River; southeast by the Ohio, flowing 
between it and the State of Kentucky ; and west 
and southwest by the Mississippi, which sepa- 
rates it from the States of Iowa and Missouri. A 
peculiarity of the Act of Congress defining the 
boundaries of the State, is the fact that, while 
the jurisdiction of IlUnois extends to the middle 
of Lake Michigan and also of the channels of the 
Wabash and the Mississippi, it stops at the north 
bank of the Ohio River; this seems to have been 
a sort of concession on the part of the framers of 
the Act to our proud neighbors of the "Dark and 
Bloody Ground." Geographically, the State lies 
between the parallels of 36° 59' and 42° 30' north 
latitude, and the meridian of 10° 30' and 14° of 
longitude west from the city of Washington. 
From its extreme southern Umit at the mouth of 
the Ohio to the Wisconsin boundary on the north, 
its estimated length is 385 miles, with an extreme 
breadth, from the Indiana State line to the Mis- 
sissippi River at a point between Quincy and 
Warsaw, of 218 miles. Owing to the tortuous 
course of its river and lake boundaries, which 



comprise about three-fourths of the whole, its 
physical outline is extremely irregular. Between 
the limits described, it has an estimated area of 
56,650 square miles, of which 650 square miles is 
water — the latter being chiefly in Lake Michigan. 
This area is more than one and one-half times 
that of all New England (Maine being excepted), 
and is greater than that of any other State east 
of the Mississippi, except Michigan, Georgia and 
Florida — Wisconsin lacking only a few hundred 
square miles of the same. 

When these figures are taken into account 
some idea may be formed of the magnificence of 
the domain comprised within the limits of the 
State of Illinois — a domain larger in extent than 
that of England, more than one-fourth of that of 
all France and nearly half that of the British 
Islands, including Scotland and Ireland. The 
possibilities of such a country, possessing a soil 
unequaled in fertility, in proportion to its area, 
by any other State of the Union and with re- 
sources in agriculture, manufactures and com- 
merce unsurpassed in any country on the face of 
the globe, transcend all human conception. 

Streams and N.4.vigation. — Lying between 
the Mississippi and its chief eastern tributary, the 
Ohio, with the Wabash on the east, and inter- 
sected from northeast to southwest by the Illinois 
and its numerous affluents, and with no moun- 
tainous region within its limits, Illinois is at once 
one of the best watered, as well as one of the most 
level States in the Union. Besides the Sanga- 
mon, Kankakee, Fox and Des Plaines Rivers, 
chief tributaries of the Illinois, and the Kaskaskia 
draining the region between the Illinois and the 
Wabash, Rock River, in tlie northwestern portion 
of the State, is most important on account of its 
valuable water-power. All of these streams were 
regarded as navigable for some sort of craft, dur- 
ing at least a portion of the year, in the early 
history of the country, and with the magnificent 
Mississippi along the whole western border, gave 
to Illinois a larger extent of navigable waters 
than that of any other single State. Although 
practical navigation, apart from the lake and by 
natural water courses, is now limited to the Mis- 
sissippi, Illinois and Ohio — making an aggregate 
of about 1,000 miles — the importance of the 
smaller streams, when the people were dependent 
almost wholly upon some means of water com- 
munication for the transportation of heavy com- 
modities as well as for travel, could not be 
over-estimated, and it is not without its effect 
upon the productiveness of the soil, now that 
water transportation has given place to railroads. 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



243 



The whole number of streams shown upon the 
best maps exceeds 280. 

Topography. — In physical conformation the 
surface of tlie State presents the aspect of an 
inclined plane with a moderate descent in the 
general direction of the streams toward the south 
and southwest. Cairo, at the extreme southern 
end of the State and the point of lowest depres- 
sion, has an elevation above sea-level of about 
800 feet, while the altitude of Lake Michigan at 
Chicago is 583 feet. The greatest elevation i.s 
reached near Scale's Mound in the northwestern 
part of the State — 1,357 feet — while a spur from 
the Ozark Mountains of Missouri, projected across 
the southern part of the State, rises in Jack.son 
and Union Counties to a height of over 900 feet. 
The eastern end of this spur, in the northeast 
corner of Pope County, reaches an elevation of 
1,046 feet. South of this ridge, the surface of 
the country between the Ohio and Mississippi 
Rivers was originally covered with dense forests. 
These included some of the most valuable species 
of timber for lumber manufacture, such as the 
different varieties of oak, walnut, poplar, ash, 
sugar-maple and cypress, besides elm, linden, 
hickory, honey-locust, pecan, hack-berry, cotton- 
wood, sycamore, sassafras, black-gum and beecli. 
The native fruits included the persimmon, wild 
plum, grape and pawpaw, with various kin<ls of 
berries, such as blackberries, raspberries, straw- 
berries (in the prairie districts) and some others. 
Most of the native growtlis of woods common to 
the south were found along the streams farther 
north, except the cypress beech, pecan and a few 
others. 

Prairies. — A peculiar feature of the country, 
in the middle and northern portion of the State, 
which excited the amazement of early explorers, 
was the vast extent of the prairies or natural 
meadows. The origin of these has been attrib- 
uted to various causes, such as some peculiarity of 
the soil, absence or excess of moisture, recent 
upheaval of the surface from lakes or some other 
bodies of water, the action of fires, etc. In many 
sections there appears little to distinguish the 
soil of the prairies from that of the adjacent 
woodlands, that may not be accounted for by the 
character of their vegetation and other causes, 
for the luxuriant growth of native grasses and 
other productions has demonstrated that they do 
not Lick in fertility, and the readiness with 
which trees take root when artificially propa- 
gated and protected, has shown that there is 
nothing in the soil itself unfavorable to their 
growth. Whatever may have been the original 



cause of the prairies, however, there is no doubt 
that annually recurring fires have had much to 
do in perpetuating their existence, and even 
extending their limits, as the absence of the same 
agent lias tended to favor the encroachments of 
the forests. While originally regarded as an 
obstacle to the occupation of the country by a 
dense population, there is no doubt that their 
existence has contributed to its rapid develop- 
ment when it was discovered with what ease 
these apparent wastes could be subdued, and how 
productive they were capable of becoming when 
once brought under cultivation. 

In spite of the uniformitj- in altitude of the 
State as a whole, many sections present a variety 
of surface and a mingling of plain and woodland 
of the most pleasing character. This is espe- 
cially the case in some of the prairie districts 
where the undulating landscape covered with 
rich herbage and brilliant flowers must have 
presented to tlie first explorers a scene of ravish- 
ing beauty, which has been enhanced rather than 
diminished in recent times by the hand of culti- 
vation. Along some of the streams also, espe- 
cially on the upper Mississippi and Illinois, and 
at some points on the Ohio, is found scenery of 
a most picturesque variety. 

Animals, etc. — From this description of the 
country it will be easy to infer what must have 
been the varieties of the animal kingdom which 
here found a home. These included the buffalo, 
various kinds of deer, the bear, panther, fo.x, 
wolf, and wild-cat, while swans, geese and ducks 
covered the lakes and streams. It was a veritable 
paradise for game, both large and small, as well 
as for their native hunters. "One can scarcely 
travel," wrote one of the earliest priestly explor- 
ers, "without finding a prodigious multitude of 
turkeys, that keep together in flocks often to the 
number of ten hundred." Beaver, otter, and 
mink were found along the streams. Most of 
these, especially the larger species of game, have 
disappeared before the tide of civilization, but the 
smaller, such as quail, prairie chicken, duck and 
the different varieties of fish in the streams, pro- 
tected by law during certain seasons of the year, 
continue to exist in considerable numbers. 

Soil and Cumate. — The capabilities of the 
soil in a region thus situated can be readily under- 
stood. In proportion to the extent of its surface, 
Illinois has a larger area of cultivable land than 
any other State in the Union, with a soil of supe- 
rior quality, much of it unsurpassed in natural 
fertility. This is especially true of the "American 
Bottom," a region extending a distance of ninety 



244 



IIISTOKICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



miles along the east bank of the Mississippi, from 
a few miles below Alton nearly to Chester, and 
of an average width of five to eight miles. This 
was the seat of the first permanent white settle- 
ment in the Mississippi Valley, and portions of it 
have been under cultivation from one hundred to 
one hundred and fifty years without exhaustion. 
Other smaller areas of scarcely less fertility are 
found both upon the bottom-lands and in the 
prairies in the central portions of the State. 

Extending through five and one-half degrees of 
latitude, Illinois has a great variety of climate. 
Though subject at times to sudden alternations 
of temperature, these occasions have been rare 
since the country has been thoroughly settled. 
Its mean average for a series of years has been 48° 
in the northern part of the State and 56° in the 
southern, differing httle from other States upon 
the same latitude. The mean winter temper- 
ature has ranged from 25° in the north to 34° in 
the south, and the summer mean from 67° in the 
north to 78° in the south. The extreme winter 
temperature has seldom fallen below 20° below 
zero in the northern portion, wliile the highest 
summer temperature ranges from 95° to 102°. 
The average difference in temperature between 
the northern and southern portions of tlie State 
is about 10°, and the difference in the progress of 
the seasons for the same sections, from four to six 
weeks. Such a wide variety of climate is favor- 
able to the production of nearly all the grains 
and fruits peculiar to the temperate zone. 

Contest for Occupation. — Three powers 
early became contestants for the supremacy on 
the North American Continent. The first of 
these was Spain, claiming possession on the 
ground of the discovery by Columbus; England, 
basing her claim upon the discoveries of the 
Cabots, and France, maintaining her right to a 
considerable part of the continent by virtue of 
the discovery and exploration by Jacques Cartier 
of the Gulf and River St. Lawrence, in 1534-35, 
and the settlement of Quebec by Champlain 
seventy -four years later. The claim of Spain 
was general, extending to both North and South 
America; and, while she early established her 
colonies in Mexico, the West Indies and Peru, 
the country was too vast and her agents too busy 
seeking for gold to interfere materially with her 
competitors. The Dutch, Swedes and Germans 
established small, though flourishing colonies, but 
they were not colonizers nor were they numeric- 
ally as strong as their neighbors, and their settle- 
ments were ultimately absorbed by the latter. 
Both the Spaniards and the French were zealous 



in proselyting the aborigines, but while the 
former did not hesitate to torture their victims 
in order to extort their gold while claiming to 
save their souls, the latter were more gentle and 
beneficent in their policy, and, by their kindness, 
succeeded in winning and retaining the friend- 
ship of the Indians in a remarkable degree. They 
were traders as well as missionaries, and this fact 
and the readiness with which they adapted them- 
selves to the habits of those whom they found in 
possession of the soil, enabled them to make the 
most extensive explorations in small numbers 
and at little cost, and even to remain for un- 
limited periods among their aboriginal friends. 
On the other hand, the English were artisans and 
tillers of the soil with a due proportion engaged 
in commerce or upon the sea; and, while they 
were later in planting their colonies in Virginia 
and New England, and less aggressive in the 
work of exploration, they maintained a surer 
foothold on the soil when they had once estab- 
lished themselves. To this fact is due the per- 
manence and steady growth of the English 
colonies in the New World, and the virtual domi- 
nance of the Anglo-Saxon race over more than 
five-sevenths of the North American Continent — 
a result which has been illustrated in the history 
of every people that has made agriculture, manu- 
factures and legitimate commerce the basis of 
their prosperity. 

Early Explorations. — The French explorers 
were the first Europeans to visit the "Country of 
the Illinois," and, for nearly a century, they and 
their successors and descendants held undisputed 
possession of the country, as well as the greater 
part of the Mississippi Valley. It is true that 
Spain put in a feeble and indefinite claim to this 
whole region, but she was kept too busy else- 
where to make her claim good, and, in ,1763, she 
relinquished it entirely as to the Mississippi 
Valley and west to the Pacific Ocean, in order to 
strengthen herself elsewhere. 

There is a peculiar coincidence in the fact that, 
while the English colonists who settled about 
Massachusetts Bay named that region "New 
England," the French gave to their possessions, 
from the St. Lawrence to the mouth of the Mis- 
sissippi, the name of "New France," and the 
Spaniards called all the region claimed by them, 
extending from Panama to Puget Sound, "New 
Spain. ' ' The boundaries of each were very indefi- 
nite and often conflicting, but were settled by the 
treaty of 1763. 

As early as 1634, Jean Nicolet, coming by way 
of Canada, discovered Lake Michigan — then 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



245 



called by the French. "Lac des Illinois" — entered 
Green Bay and visited some of the tribes of 
Indians in tliat region. In 1G41 zealous mission- 
aries had reached the Falls of St. Mary (called by 
the French "Sault Ste. Marie"), and, in 1C58, two 
French fur-traders are alleged to have penetrated 
as far west as "La Pointe" on Lake Superior, 
wliere they opened up a trade with the Sioux 
Indians and wintered in the neighborhood of the 
Apostle Islands near where the towns of Ashland 
and Bayfield. Wis., now stand. A few years later 
(1665), Fathers Allouez and Dablon, Frencli mis- 
sionaries, visited the Chippewas on the southern 
shore of Lake Superior, and missions were estab- 
lished at Green Bay, Ste. Marie and La Pointe. 
About the same time the mission of St. Ignace 
was established on the north shore of the Straits 
of Mackinaw (spelled by the French "Michilli- 
macinac"). It is also claimed that the French 
traveler, Radisson, during the year of 16.')8-59, 
reached the upper Mississippi, antedating the 
claims of Joliet and Marquette as its discoverers 
by fourteen years. Nicholas Perrot, an intelli- 
gent chronicler who left a manuscript account of 
his travels, is said to have made extensive explor- 
ations about the head of the great lakes as far 
south as the Fox River of Wisconsin, between 
1670 and 1690, and to have held an important 
conference with representatives of numerous 
tribes of Indians at Sault Ste. Marie in June, 
1671. Perrot is also said to have made the first 
discovery of lead mines in the West. 

Up to this time, however, no white man appears 
to have reached the "Illinois Country," though 
much had been heard of its beauty and its wealth 
in game. On May 17, 167.3, Louis Joliet, an enter- 
prising explorer who had already visited the Lake 
Superior region in search of copper mines, under 
a commission from the Governor of Canada, in 
company with Father Jacques Marquette and 
five voyageurs, with a meager stock of provisions 
and a few trinkets for trading with the natives, 
set out in two birch-bark canoes from St. Ignace 
on a tour of exploration southward. Coasting 
along the west shore of Lake Michigan and Green 
Bay and through Lake Winnebago, they readied 
the country of the Mascoutins on Fox River, 
ascended that stream to tlie portage to tlie Wis- 
consin, then descended the latter to the Mis- 
sissippi, which they discovered on June 17. 
Descending the Mississippi, which thej' named 
"Rio de la Conception," they pas.sed the mouth of 
the Des Moines, where they are supjxised to have 
encountered the first Indians of the Illinois 
tribes, by whom they were hospitably enter- 



tained. Later they discovered a rude painting 
upon the rocks on the east side of the river, 
which, from the description, is suppose.l to have 
been the famous "PiasaBird," whicli was still to 
be seen, a short distance above Alton, within the 
present generation. (See Piasa Bird, The 
Legend of.) Passing the mouth of the Missouri 
River and the present site of the citj' of St. 
Louis, and continuing past the mouth of the 
Ohio, they finally readied wliat Maniuette called 
the village of the Akanseas, wliich lias been 
.assumed to be identical with the mouth of the 
Arkansas, though it has been questioned whether 
they proceeded so far south. Convinced that the 
Mississippi "had its mouth in Florida or the Gulf 
of Mexico, " and fearing capture by the Spaniards, 
they started on tlieir return. Reaching the 
mouth of the Illinois, the}' entered that stream 
and ascended past the village of the Peorias and 
the "Illinois town of the Kaskaskias" — the 
latter being about where the town of Utica, La 
Salle County, now stands — at each of which they 
made a brief stay. Escorted by guides from the 
Kaskaskias, they crossed the portage to Lake 
Michigan where Chicago now stands, and re- 
turned to Green Bay, which they reached in the 
latter part of September. (See Joliet and Mar- 
quette. ) 

The next and most important expedition to Illi- 
nois — important because it led to the first per- 
manent settlements — was undertaken by Robert 
Cavelier, Sieur de La Salle, in 1679. This eager 
and intelligent, but finally unfortunate, discov- 
erer had spent several years in exploration in 
the lake region and among the streams south of 
the lakes and west of the Alleghenies. It has 
been claimed that, during this tour, he descended 
the Ohio to its junction with the Mississippi; 
also tliat he reached the Illinois by way of the 
head of Lake Michigan and the Chicago portage, 
and even descended the Mississippi to the 36th 
parallel, antedating Marquette's first visit to 
tliat stream by two years. The chief authority 
for this claim is La Salle's biographer, Pierre 
Margry, who bases his statement on alleged con- 
vers;itions with La Salle and letters of his friends. 
Tlie absence of any allusion to these discoveries 
in La Salle's own papers, of a later date, addre.ssed 
to the King, is regarded as fatal to this claim. 
However this may liave been, there is conclusive 
evidence that, during this period, he met with 
Joliet while tlie latter was returning rrom one of 
his trips to the Lake Superior country. With an 
imagination fired by what he then learned, he 
made a visit to his native country, receiving a 



246 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



liberal grant from the French Government which 
enabled him to carry out his plans. With the 
aid of Henry de Tonty, an Italian who afterward 
accompanied him in his most important expedi- 
tions, and who proved a most valuable and efS- 
cient co-laborer, under the auspices of Frontenac. 
then Governor of Canada, he constructed a small 
vessel at the foot of Lake Erie, in which, with a 
company of thirty-four persons, he set sail on 
the seventh of August, 1679, for the West. This 
vessel (named the "Griffon") is believed to have 
been the first sailing-vessel that ever navigated 
the lakes. His object was to reach the Illinois, 
and he carried with him material for a boat 
which he intended to put together on that 
stream. Arriving in Green Bay early in Septem- 
ber, by way of Lake Huron and the straits of 
Mackinaw, he disembarked his stores, and, load- 
ing the Griffon with furs, started it on its return 
with instructions, after discharging its cargo at 
the starting point, to join him at the head of 
Lake Michigan. With a force of seventeen men 
and three missionaries in four canoes, he started 
southward, following the western shore of Lake 
Michigan past the mouth of the Chicago River, 
on Nov. 1, 1679, and reached the mouth of 
the St. Joseph River, at the southeast corner of 
the lake, which had been selected as a rendez- 
vous. Here he was joined by Tonty, three weeks 
later, with a force of twenty Frenchmen who 
had come by the eastern shore, but the Griffon 
never was heard from again, and is supposed to 
have been lost on the return voyage. While 
waiting for Tonty he erected a fort, afterward 
called Fort Miami. The two parties here united, 
and, leaving four men in charge of the fort, with 
the remaining thirty-three, he resumed his 
journey on the third of December. Ascending 
the St. Joseph to about where South Bend, Ind., 
now stands, he made a portage with his canoes 
and stores across to the headwaters of the Kan- 
kakee, which he descended to the Illinois. On 
the first of January he arrived at the great Indian 
town of the Kaskaskias, which Marquette had 
left for the last time nearly five years before, but 
found it deserted, the Indians being absent on a 
hunting expedition. Proceeding down the Illi- 
nois, on Jan. 4, 1680, he passed through Peoria 
Lake and the next morning reached the Indian 
village of that name at the foot of the lake, and 
established friendly relations with its people. 
Having determined to set up his vessel here, he 
constructed a rude fort on the eastern bank of 
the river about four miles south of the village. 
With the exception of the cabin built for Mar- 



quette on the South Branch of the Chicago River 
in the winter of 1674-75, this was probably the 
first structure erected by white men in Illinois. 
This received the name "Creve-Coeur — "Broken 
Heart" — which, from its subsequent history, 
proved exceedingly appropriate. Having dis- 
patched Father Louis Hennepin with two com- 
panions to the Upper Mississippi, by way of the 
mouth of the Illinois, on an expedition which 
resulted in the discovery of the Falls of St. 
Anthony, La Salle started on his return to 
Canada for additional assistance and the stores 
which he had failed to receive in consequence of 
the loss of the Griffon. Soon after his depar- 
ture, a majority of the men left with Tonty at 
Fort Creve-Coeur mutinied, and, having plundered 
the fort, partially destroyed it. This compelled 
Tonty and five companions who had remained 
true, to retreat to the Indian village of the Illi- 
nois near "Starved Rock," between where the 
cities of Ottawa and La Salle now stand, where 
he spent the summer awaiting the return of La 
Salle. In September, Tont}''s Indian allies hav- 
ing been attacked and defeated by the Iroquois, 
he and his companions were again compelled to 
flee, reaching Green Bay the next spring, after 
having spent the winter among the Pottawato- 
mies in the present State of Wisconsin. 

During the next three years (1681-83) La Salle 
made two other visits to Illinois, encountering 
and partially overcoming formidable obstacles at 
each end of the journey. At the last visit, in 
company with the faithful Tonty, whom he had 
met at Mackinaw in the spring of 1681, after a 
separation of more than a year, he extended his 
exploration to the mouth of the Mississippi, of 
which he took formal possession on April 9, 1682, 
in the name of "Louis the Grand, King of France 
and Navarre." This was the first expedition of 
white men to pass down the river and determine 
the problem of its discharge into the Gulf of 
Mexico. 

Returning to Mackinaw, and again to Illinois, 
in the fall of 1682, Tonty set about carrying into 
effect La Salle's scheme of fortifying "The Rock," 
to which reference has been made under the 
name of "Starved Rock. " The buildings are said 
to have included store-houses (it was intended as 
a trading post), dwellings and a block-house 
erected on the summit of the rock, and to which 
the name of "Fort St. Louis" was given, while a 
village of confederated Indian tribes gathered 
about its base on the south which bore the name 
of La Vantum. According to the historian, 
Parkman, the population of this colony, in the 





i.A SAIJ.E. 



IIKNHY OF. TOXTY. 




KoiM' i>i:ai;i'.i)i;.\ iikim ■riii; wkst. isos. 



^xv^ 





WAij i:ac;m:. 



CHIEF CIIICAGOU. 





FORT DEARBORN 21), I.\ ]S.-,3. vnOM TIIK SOUTHWEST. 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



247 



days of its greatest prosperity, was not less than 
20,000. Tonty retained his headquarters at Fort 
St. Louis for eighteen years, during which he 
made extensive excursions throughout the West. 
The proprietorship of the fort was granted to 
him in 1690, but, in 1703, it was ordered by the 
Governor of Canada to be discontinued on the 
plea that the charter had been violated. It con- 
tinued to be used as a trading pose, however, as 
late as 1718, when it was raided by the- Indians 
and burned. (See La Salle; Tonty; Hennepin, 
and Stan-ed Rock. ) 

Other explorers who were the contemporaries 
or early successors of Marquette, Joliet, La Salle, 
Tonty, Hennepin and their companions in the 
Northwest, and many of whom are known to have 
visited the "Illinois Country, " and probably all 
of whom did so, were Daniel Greysolon du Lhut 
(called by La Salle, du Luth), a cousin of Tonty, 
who was the first to reach the Mississippi directly 
from Lake Suj)erior, and from whom the city of 
Duluth has been named ; Henry Joutel, a towns- 
man of La Salle, who was one of the survivors of 
the ill-fated Matagorda Bay colony; Pierre Le 
Sueur, the discoverer of the Minnesota River, 
and Baron la Hontan, who made a tour through 
Illinois in 1688-89, of which he published an 
account in 1703. 

Chicago River early became a prominent point 
in the estimation of the French explorers and 
was a favorite line of travel in reaching the Illi- 
nois by way of the Des Plaines, though probably 
sometimes confounded with other streams about 
the head of the lake. The Calumet and Grand 
Calumet, allowing easy portage to the Des Plaines, 
were also used, while the St. Joseph, from which 
portage was had into the Kankakee, seems to 
have been a part of the route first used by La 
Salle. 

Aborigines and Early Missions.— When the 
early French explorers arrived in the "Illinois 
Country" they found it occupied by a number of 
tribes of Indians, the most numerous being the 
"Illinois," which consisted of several families or 
bands that spread themselves over the country on 
both sides of the Illinois River, extending even 
west of the Mississij>pi ; the Piankeshaws on the 
east, extending beyond the present western 
boundary of Indiana, and the Miamis in the 
northeast, with whom a weaker tribe called the 
Weas were allied. The Illinois confederation 
included the Kaska-skias. Peorias. Cahokias, 
Taniaroas and Mitchigamies — the la.st being the 
tribe from which Lake Michigan took its name. 
(See Illinois Indians. ) There seems to have been 



a general drift of some of the stronger tribes 
toward the soutli and east about this time, as 
Allouez represents that he found the Miamis and 
their neighbors, the Mascoutins, about Green Bay 
when he arrived there in 1670. At the same 
time, there is evidence that the Pottawatomies 
were located along the southern shore of Lake 
Superior and about the Sault Ste. Marie (now 
known as "The Soo"). though witliin the next 
fifty years they had advanced southward along 
the western shore of Lake Michigan until they 
reached where Chicago now stands. Other tribes 
from the north were the Kickapoos, Sacs and 
Foxes, and Winnebagoes, while the Shawnees 
were a branch of a stronger tribe from the south- 
east. Charlevoix, who wrote an account of his 
visit to the "Illinois Country" in 1721, says: 
"Fifty years ago the Miamis were settled on the 
southern extremity of Lake Michigan, in a place 
called Chicago from the name of a small river 
which runs into the lake, the source of which is 
not far distant from that of the River Illinois." 
It does not follow necessarily that this was the 
Chicago River of to-day, as the name appears to 
have been applied somewhat indefinitely, by the 
early explorers, both to a region of country 
between the head of the lake and the Illinois 
River, and to more than one stream emptying 
into tlie lake in that vicinity. It has been con- 
jectured that the river meant by Charlevoix 
was the Calumet, as his description would apply 
as well to tliat as to the Chicago, and there is 
other evidence that the Miamis, who were found 
about the mouth of the St. Joseph River during 
the eighteenth century, occupied a portion of 
Southern Michigan and Northern Indiana, ex- 
tending as far east as the Scioto River in Ohio. 

From the first, the Illinois seem to have con- 
ceived a strong liking for the French, and being 
pressed by the Iroquois on the east, the Sacs and 
Foxes, Pottawatomies and Kickapoos on the 
north and the Sioux on the west, by the begin- 
ning of the eighteenth centurj' we find them, 
much reduced in numbers, gathered about the 
French settlements near the mouth of the Kas- 
kaskia (or Okaw) River, in tlie western part of 
the present counties of Randolph, Monroe and St. 
Clair. In spite of the zealous efforts of the mis- 
sionaries, the contact of these tribes with the 
whites was attended with the usual results — 
demoralization, degradation and gradual extermi- 
nation. The latter result was hastened by the 
frequent attacks to which they were exposed 
from their more warlike enemies, so that by the 
latter part of the eighteenth century, they were 



348 



HISTOEICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



reduced to a few hundred dissolute and depraved 
survivors of a once vigorous and warlike race. 

During the early part of the French occupation, 
there arose a chief named Chicagou (from whom 
the city of Chicago received its name) who ap- 
pears, like Red Jacket, Tecumseh and Logan, to 
have been a man of unusual intelligence and 
vigor of character, and to have exercised great 
influence with his people. In 1~'25 he was sent to 
Paris, where he received the attentions due to a 
foreign potentate, and, on his return, was given a 
command in an expedition against the Chicka- 
saws, who had been making incursions from the 
south. 

Such was the general distribution of the Indians 
in the northern and central portions of the State, 
within the first fifty years after the arrival of the 
French. At a later period the Kickapoos ad- 
vanced farther south and occupied a considerable 
share of the central portion of the State, and even 
extended to the mouth of the Wabash. The 
southern part was roamed over by bands from 
beyond the Ohio and the Mississippi, including 
the Cherokees and Chickasaws, and the Arkansas 
tribes, some of whom were very powerful and 
ranged over a vast extent of country. 

The earliest civilized dwellings in Illinois, after 
the forts erected for purposes of defense, were 
undoubtedly the posts of the fur-traders and the 
missionary stations. Fort Miami, the first mili- 
tary post, established by La Salle in the winter 
of 1679-80, was at the mouth of the St. Joseph 
River within the boundaries of what is now the 
State of Michigan. Fort Creve-Coeur, partially 
erected a few months later on the east side of the 
Illinois a few miles below where the city of 
Peoria now stands, was never occupied. Mr. 
Charles Ballance, the historian of Peoria, locates 
this fort at the present village of Wesley, in 
Tazewell County, nearly opposite Lower Peoria. 
Fort St. Louis, built by Tonty on the summit of 
"Starved Rock," in the fall and winter of 1682, 
was the second erected in the "Illinois Coxmtry," 
but the first occupied. It has been claimed that 
Marquette established a mission among the Kas- 
kaskias, opposite "The Rock," on occasion of his 
first visit, in September, 1673, and that he re- 
newed it in the spring of 167.5, when he visited 
it for the last time. It is doubtful if this mission 
was more than a season of preaching to the 
natives, celebrating mass, administering baptism, 
etc. ; at least the story of an established mission 
has been denied. That this devoted and zealous 
propagandist regarded it as a mission, however, 
is evident from his own journal. He gave to it 



the name of the "Mission of the Immaculate 
Conception," and, although he was compelled by 
failing health to abandon it almost immediately, 
it is claimed that it was renewed in 1677 by 
Father AUouez, who had been active in founding 
missions in the Lake Superior region, and that it 
was maintained until the arrival of La Salle in 
1680. The hostility of La Salle to the Jesuits led 
to AUouez' withdrawal, but he subsequently 
returned and was succeeded in 1688 by Father 
Gravier, whose labors extended from Mackinaw 
to Biloxi on the Gulf of Mexico. 

There is evidence that a mission had been 
established among the Miamis as early as 1698, 
under the name "Chicago," as it is mentioned by 
St. Cosme in the report of his visit in 1699-1700. 
This, for the reasons already given showing the 
indefinite use made of the name Chicago as 
applied to streams about the head of Lake Michi- 
gan, probably referred to some other locality in 
the vicinity, and not to the site of the present 
city of Chicago. Even at an earlier date there 
appears, from a statement in Tonty 's Memoirs, to 
have been a fort at Chicago — probably about the 
same locality as the mission. Speaking of his 
return from Canada to the "Illinois Country" in 
1685, he says; "I embarked for the Illinois 
Oct. 30, 1685, but being stopped by tha ice, I 
was obliged to leave my canoe and proceed by 
land. After going 120 leagues, I arrived at Fort 
Chicagou, where M. de la Durantaye com- 
manded." 

According to the best authorities it was during 
the year 1700 that a mission and permanent settle- 
ment was established by Father Jacques Pinet 
among the Tamaroas at a village called Cahokia 
(or "Sainte Famille de Caoquias"), a few miles 
south of the present site of the city of East St. 
Louis. This was the first permanent settlement 
by Europeans in Illinois, as that at Kaskaskia on 
the Illinois was broken up the same year. 

A few months after the establishment of the 
mission at Cahokia (which received the name of 
"St. Sulpice"), but during the same year, the 
Kaskaskias, having abandoned their village on 
the upper Illinois, were induced to settle near the 
mouth of the river which bears their name, and 
the mission and village — the latter afterward 
becoming the first capital of the Territory and 
State of Illinois — came into being. This identity 
of names has led to some confusion in determin- 
ing the date and place of the first permanent 
settlement in Illinois, the date of Marquette's 
first arrival at Kaskaskia on the Illinois being 
given by some authors as that of the settlement 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



249 



at Kaskaskia on the Mississippi, twenty-seven 
years later. 

Period of French Occupation.— As may be 
readily inferred from the methods of French 
colonization, the first permanent settlements 
gathered about the missions at Cahokia and Kas- 
kaskia, or rather were parts of them. At later 
periods, but during the French occupation of the 
country, other villages were established, the 
most important being St. Philip and Prairie du 
Rocher; all of these being located in the fertile 
valley now known as the "American Bottom,"' 
between the older towns of Cahokia and Kaskas- 
kia. There were several Indian villages in the 
vicinity of the French settlements, and this 
became, for a time, the most populous locality in 
the Mississippi Valley and the center of an active 
trade carried on with the settlements near the 
mouth of the Mississippi. Large quantities of 
the products of the country, such as flour, bacon, 
pork, tallow, lumber, lead, peltries, and even 
wine, were transported in keel-boats or batteaus 
to New Orleans; rice, manufactured tobacco, 
cotton goods and such other fabrics as the simple 
wants of the people required, being brought back 
in return. These toats went in convoys of seven 
to twelve in number for mutual protection, three 
months being required to make a trip, of which 
two were made annually — one in the spring and 
the other in the autumn. 

The French possessions in North America went 
under the general name of "New France, " but their 
boundaries were never clearly defined, though an 
attempt was made to do so through Commission- 
ers who met at Paris, in 17.52. They were under- 
stood by the French to include the valley of the 
St. Lawrence, with Labrador and Nova Scotia, to 
the northern Iwundaries of the British colonies; 
the region of the Great Lakes; and the Valley of 
the Mississippi from the headwaters of the Ohio 
westward to the Pacific Ocean and south to the 
Gulf of Mexico. While these claims were con- 
tested by England on the east and Spain on the 
southwest, they comprehended the very heart of 
the North American continent, a region unsur- 
passed in fertility and natural resources and 
now the home of more than half of the entire 
population of the American Republic. That 
the French should have reluctantly j-ielded 
up so magnificent a domain is natural. And 
yet they did this by the treaty of 1763, sur- 
rendering the region east of the Mississippi 
(except a comparatively small district near 
the mouth of that stream) to England, and the 
remainder to Spain — an evidence of the straits to 



which they had been reduced by a long series of 
devastating wars. (See French and Indian 
ll'ars. ) 

In 1712 Antoine Crozat, under royal letters- 
patent, obtained from Louis XIV. of France a 
monopoly of the commerce, with control of the 
country, "from the edge of the sea (Gulf of 
Mexico) as far as the Illinois."' This grant hav- 
ing been surrendered a few years later, was re- 
newed in 1717 to the "Company of the West," of 
which the celebrated John Law was the head, 
and under it jurisdiction was exercised over the 
trade of Illinois. On September 27 of the same 
year (1717), the "Illinois Country," which had 
been a dependency of Canada, was incorporated 
with Louisiana and became part of that province. 
Law's company received enlarged powers under 
the name of the "East Indies Company," and 
although it went out of existence in 1721 with 
the opprobrious title of the "South Sea Bubble," 
leaving in its wake hundreds of ruined private 
fortunes in France and England, it did much to 
stimulate the population and development of the 
Mississippi Valley. During its existence (in 1718) 
New Orleans was founded and Fort Chartres 
erected, being named after the Due de Chartres, 
son of the Regent of France. Pierre Duque Bois- 
briant was the first commandant of Illinois and 
superintended the erection of the fort. (See Fort 
Chartres. ) 

One of the privileges granted to Law's com- 
pany was the importation of slaves ; and under 
it, in 1721, Pliilip F. Renault brought to the 
country five hundred slaves, besides two hundred 
artisans, mechanics and laborers. Two years 
later he received a large grant of land, and 
founded the village of St. Philip, a few miles 
north of Fort Chartres. Thus Illinois became 
slave territory before a white settlement of any 
sort existed in what afterward became the slave 
State of Mi.s.souri. 

During 1721 the country under control of the 
East Indies Company was divided into nine civil 
and military districts, each presided over by a 
commandant and a judge, with a superior coun- 
cil at New Orleans. Of these, Illinois, the largest 
and, next to New Orleans, the most populous, 
was the seventh. It embraced over one-half the 
present State, with the country west of the Mis- 
ssisippi, between the Arkansas and the -ISd degree 
of latitude, to the Rocky Mountains, and included 
the present States of Missouri, Iowa, Nebraska, 
Kansas and parts of Arkansas and Colorado. In 
1732, the Indies Company surrendered its charter, 
and Louisiana, including the District of Illinois, 



850 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



was afterwards governed by officers appointed 
directly by the crown. (See French. Governors.) 

As early as September, 1699, an attempt was 
made by an expedition fitted out by the English 
Government, under command of Captains Barr 
and Clements, to take possession of the country 
about the mouth of the Mississippi on tlie ground 
of prior discovery; but they found the French 
under Bienville already in possession at Biloxi, 
and they sailed away without making any further 
effort to carry the scheme into effect. Mean- 
while, in the early part of the next century, the 
English were successful in attaching to their 
interests the Iroquois, who were the deadly foes 
of the French, and held possession of Western 
New York and the region around the headwaters 
of the Ohio Rivei; extending their incursions 
against the Indian allies of the French as far west 
as Illinois. The real struggle for territory be- 
tween the English and French began with the 
formation of the Ohio Land Company in 1748-49, 
and the grant to it by the English Government 
of half a million acres of land along the Ohio 
River, with the exclusive right of trading with 
the Indian tribes in that region. Out of this 
grew the establishment, in the next two years, of 
trading posts and forts on the Miami and IMaumee 
in Western Ohio, followed by the protracted 
French and Indian War, which was prosecuted 
with varied fortunes until the final defeat of the 
French at Quebec, on the thirteenth of Septem- 
ber, 17.')9, which broke their power on the Ameri- 
can continent. Among those who took part in 
this struggle, was a contingent from the French 
garrison of Fort Chartres. Neyon de Villiers, 
commandant of the fort, was one of these, being 
the only survivor of seven brothers who partici- 
pated in the defense of Canada. Still hopeful of 
saving Louisiana and Illinois, he departed with 
a few followers for New Orleans, but the treaty 
of Paris, Feb. 10, 1763, destroyed all hope, for by 
its terms Canada, and all other territory east of 
the Mississippi as far south as the northern 
boundary of Florida, was surrendered to Great 
Britain, while the remainder, including the vast 
territory between the Mississippi and the Rocky 
Mountains, was given up to Spain. 

Thus the "Illinois Country" fell into the hands 
of the British, although the actual transfer of 
Fort Chartres and the country dependent upon it 
did not take place until Oct. 10, 176.5, when its 
veteran commandant, St. Ange — who had come 
from Vincennes to assume command on the 
retirement of Villiers, and who held it faithfully 
for the conqueror — surrendered it to Capt. 



Thomas Stirling as the representative of the Eng- 
lish Government. It is worth}- of note that this 
was the last place on the North American con- 
tinent to lower the French flag. 

British Occupation. — The delay of the British 
in taking possession of the "Illinois Country," 
after the defeat of the French at Quebec and the 
surrender of their possessions in America by the 
treaty of 1763, was due to its isolated position 
and the difficulty of reaching it with sufficient 
force to establish the British authority. The 
first attempt was made in the spring of 1764, 
when Maj. Arthur Loftus, starting from Pensa- 
cola, attempted to ascend the Mississippi with a 
force of four hundred regulars, but, being met 
by a superior Indian force, was compelled to 
retreat. In August of the same year, Capt. 
Thomas Morris was dispatched from Western 
Pennsylvania with a small force "to take posses- 
sion of the Illinois Country." This expedition 
got as far as Fort Miami on the Maumee, when its 
progress was arrested, and its commander nar- 
rowly escaped death. The next attempt was 
made in 176.5, when Maj. George Croghan, a Dep- 
uty Superintendent of Indian affairs whose name 
has been made historical by the celebrated speech 
of the Indian Chief Logan, was detailed from 
Fort Pitt, to visit Illinois. Croghan being detained, 
Lieut. Alexander Frazer, who was to accompany 
him, proceeded alone. Frazer reached Kaskas- 
kia, but met with so rough a reception from 
both the French and Indians, that he thought it 
advisable to leave in disguise, and escaped by 
descending the Mississippi to New Orleans. 
Croghan started on his journey on the fifteenth 
of May, proceeding down the Ohio, accompanied 
by a partj' of friendly Indians, but having been 
captured near the mouth of the Wabash, he 
finally returned to Detroit without reaching his 
destination. The first British official to reach 
Fort Chartres was Capt. Thomas Stirling. De- 
scending the Ohio with a force of one hundred 
men, he reached Fort Chartres, Oct. 10, 1765, and 
received the surrender of the fort from the faith- 
ful and courteous St. Ange. It is estimated that 
at least one-third of the French citizens, includ- 
ing the more wealthy, left rather than become 
British subjects. Those about i'ort Chartres left 
almost in a body. Some joined the French 
colonies on the lower Mississippi, while others, 
crossing the river, settled in St. Genevieve, then 
in Spanish territory. Much the larger number 
followed St. Ange to St. Louis, which had been 
established as a trading post by Pierre La Clede, 
during the previous year, and which now received 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



251 



what, in these later days, would be called a great 
"boom." 

Captain Stirling was relieved of his command 
at Fort Chartres, Dec. 4, by Maj. Robert Farmer. 
Other British Commandants at Fort Chartres 
were Col. Edward Cole, Col. John Reed, Colonel 
AVilkins, Capt. Hugh Lord and Francois de Ras- 
tel, Chevalier de Rocheblave. The last had been 
an officer in the French army, and, having resided 
at Kaskaskia, transferred his allegiance on occu- 
pation of tlie country by the British. He was the 
last official representative of the British Govern- 
ment in Illinois. 

The total population of the French villages in 
Illinois, at the time of their transfer to England, 
has been estimated at about 1,600, of which 700 
were about Kaskaskia and 450 in the vicinity of 
Cahokia. Captain Pittman estimated the popu- 
lation of all the French villages in Illinois and on 
the Wabash, at the time of his vi.sit in 1770, at 
about 2,000. Of St. Louis — or "Paincourt," as it 
was called — Captain Pittman said: "There are 
about fort}' private houses and as many families." 
Most of these, if not all, had emigrated from the 
French villages. In fact, although nominally in 
Spanish territory, it was essentially a French 
town, protected, as Pittman said, by "a French 
garrison" consisting of "a Captain-Commandant, 
two Lieutenants, a Fort Major, one Sergeant. 
one Corporal and twenty men." 

Action of Continental Congress. — The first 
official notice taken of the "Illinois Country" by 
the Continental Congress, was the adoption by 
that body, July 13, 1775, of an act creating three 
Indian Departments — a Northern, Middle and 
Southern. Illinois was assigned to the second, 
with Benjamin Franklin and James WiLson, of 
Pennsylvania, and Patrick Henry, of Virginia, 
as Commissioners. In April, 1776, Col. George 
Morgan, who had been a trader at Kaskaskia, was 
appointed agent and successor to these Commis- 
sioners, with headquarters at Fort Pitt. The 
promulgation of the Declaration of Independence, 
on the Fourth of July, 1776, and the events im- 
mediately preceding and following that event, 
directed attention to the colonies on the Atlantic 
coast; yet the frontiersmen of Virginia were 
watching an opportunity to deliver a blow to the 
Government of King George in a quarter where 
it was least expected, and where it was destined 
to have an immense influence upon the future of 
the new nation, as well as that of the American 
continent. 

CoL. George Rogers Clark's Expedition. 
— During the year 1777, Col. George Rogers Clark, 



a native of Virginia, then scarcely twenty-five 
years of age, having conceived a plan of seizing 
the settlements in the Mississippi Valley, sent 
trusty spies to learn the sentiments of the people 
and the condition of affairs at Kaskaskia. The 
report brought to him gave him encouragement, 
and, in December of the same year, he laid before 
Gov. Patrick Henry, of Virginia, his plans for 
the reduction of the posts in Illinois. These were 
approved, and, on Jan. 2, 1778, Clark received 
authority to recruit seven companies of fifty men 
each for three months' service, and Governor 
Henry gave him §6,000 for expenses. Proceeding 
to Fort Pitt, he succeeded in recruiting three 
companies, who were directed to rendezvous at 
Corn Island, opposite the present city of Louis- 
ville. It has been claimed that, in order to 
deceive the British as to his real destination, 
Clark authorized the announcement that the 
object of the expedition was to protect the settle- 
ments in Kentucky from the Indians. At Corn 
Island another company was organized, making 
four in all, under the command of Captains Bow- 
man, Montgomery, Helm and Harrod, and having 
embarked on keel-boats, they passed the Falls of 
the Ohio, June 24. Reaching the island at the 
mouth of the Tennessee on the 28th, he was met 
by a party of eight American hunters, who had 
left Kaskaskia a few days before, and who, join- 
ing his command, rendered good service as 
guides. He disembarked his force at the mouth 
of a small creek one mile above Fort Massac. 
June 29, and, directing his course across the 
country, on the evening of the sixth da}' (July 4, 
1778) arrived within three miles of Kaskaskia. 
The surprise of tlie unsuspecting citizens of Kas- 
kaskia and its small garrison was complete. His 
force having, under cover of darkness, been 
ferried across the Kaskaskia River, about a mile 
above the town, one detachment surrounded the 
town, while the other seized the fort, capturing 
Rocheblave and his little command without fir- 
ing a gun. Tlie famous Indian fighter and 
hunter, Simon Kenton, led the way to the fort. 
This is supposed to have been what Captain Pitt- 
man called the "Jesuits' house," which had been 
sold by the French Government after the country 
was ceded to England, the Jesuit order having 
been suppressed. A wooden fort, erected in 1736, 
and known afterward by the British as Fort 
Gage, had stood on the bluff opposite the town, 
but, according to Pittman, this was burnt in 1766, 
and there is no evidence that it was ever rebuilt. 
Clark's expedition was thus far a complete suc- 
cess. Rocheblave, proving recalcitrant, was 



252 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



placed in irons and sent as a prisoner of war to 
Williamsburg, while his slaves were confiscated, 
the proceeds of their sale being divided among 
Clark's troops. The inhabitants were easily 
conciliated, and Cahokia having been captured 
without bloodshed, Clark turned his attention to 
Vincennes. Through the influence of Pierre 
Gibault — the Vicar-General in charge at Kaskas- 
kia — the people of Vincennes were induced to 
swear allegiance to the United States, and, 
although the place was afterward captured by a 
British force from Detroit, it was, on Feb. 
24, 1779, recaptured by Colonel Clark, together 
with a body of prisoners but little smaller than 
the attacking force, and §50,000 worth of prop- 
erty. (See Clark, Col. George Rogers. ) 

Under Government of Virginia.— Seldom 
in the history of the world have such important 
results been achieved by such insignificant instru- 
mentalities and with so little sacrifice of life, as 
in this almost bloodless campaign of the youthful 
conqueror of Illinois. Having been won largely 
through Virginia enterprise and valor and by 
material aid furnished through Governor Henry, 
the Virginia House of Delegates, in October, 
1778, proceeded to assert the jurisdiction of that 
commonwealth over the settlements of tlje North- 
west, by organizing all the country west and 
north of the Ohio River into a county to be called 
"Illinois," (see Illinois County), and empowering 
the Governor to appoint a "County-Lieutenant or 
Commandant-in-Chief" to exercise civil author- 
ity during the pleasure of the appointing power. 
Thus "Illinois County" was older than the States 
of Ohio or Indiana, while Patrick Henry, the elo- 
quent orator of the Revolution, became ex-oflScio 
its first Governor. Col. John Todd, a citizen of 
Kentucky, was appointed "County-Lieutenant," 
Dec. 12, 1778, entering upon his duties in 
May following. The militia was organized, 
Deputy-Commandants for Kaskaskia and Cahokia 
appointed, and the first election of civil oflScers 
ever had in Illinois, was held under Colonel 
Todd's direction. His record-book, now in posses- 
sion of the Chicago Historical Society, shows 
that he was accustomed to exercise powers 
scarcely inferior to those of a State Executive. 
(See Todd, Col. John.) 

In 1782 one "Thimothe Demunbrunt" sub- 
scribed himself as "Lt. comd'g par interim, etc." 
— but the origin of his authority is not clearly 
understood. He assumed to act as Commandant 
until the arrival of Gov. Arthur St. Clair, first 
Territorial Governor of the Northwest Territory, 
in 1790. After the close of the Revolution, courts 



ceased to be held and civil affairs fell into great 
disorder. "In effect, there was neither law nor 
order in the 'Illinois Country' for the seven 
years from 1783 to 1790." 

During the progress of the Revolution, there 
were the usual rumors and alarms in the "Illinois 
Country" peculiar to frontier life in time of war. 
The country, however, was singularly exempt 
from any serious calamity such as a general 
massacre. One reason for this was the friendly 
relations which had existed between the French 
and their Indian neighbors previous to the con- 
quest, and which the new masters, after the cap- 
ture of Kaskaskia, took pains to perpetuate. 
Several movements were projected by the British 
and tlieir Indian allies about Detroit and in Can- 
ada, but they were kept so busy elsewhere that 
they had little time to put their plans into execu- 
tion. One of these was a proposed movement 
from Pensacola against the Spanish posts on the 
lower Mississippi, to punish Spain for having 
engaged in the war of 1779, but the promptness 
with which the Spanish Governor of New Orleans 
proceeded to capture Fort Manchac, Baton Rouge 
and Natchez from their British possessors, con- 
vinced the latter that this was a "game at which 
two could play." In ignorance of these results, 
an expedition, 750 strong, composed largely of 
Indians, fitted out at Mackinaw under command 
of Capt. Patrick St. Clair, started in the early 
part of May, 1780, toco-operate with the expedition 
on the lower Mississippi, but intending to deal a 
destructive blow to the Illinois villages and the 
Spanish towns of St. Louis and St. Genevieve on 
the way. This expedition reached St. Louis, May 
26, but Col. George Rogers Clark, having arrived 
at Cahokia with a small force twenty-four hours 
earlier, prepared to co-operate with the Spaniards 
on the western shore of the Mississippi, and the 
invading force confined their depredations to kill- 
ing seven or eight villagers, and then beat a 
hasty retreat in the direction they had come. 
These were the last expeditions organized to 
regain the "Country of the Illinois" or capture 
Spanish posts on the Mississippi. 

Expeditions Ag.unst Fort St. Joseph. — An 
expedition of a different sort is worthy of mention 
in this connection, as it originated in Illinois. 
This consisted of a company of seventeen men, 
led by one Thomas Brady, a citizen of Cahokia, 
who, marching across the country, in the month 
of October, 1780, after the retreat of Sinclair, 
from St. Louis, succeeded in surprising and cap- 
turing Fort St. Joseph about where La Salle had 
erected Fort Miami, near the mouth of the St. 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



253 



Joseph River, a hundred years before. Brady 
and his party captured a few British prisoners, 
and a large quantity of goods. On their return, 
while encamped on the Calumet, the}- were 
attacked by a band of Pottawatomies. and all 
were killed, wounded or taken prisoners except 
Brady and two others, who escaped. Early in 
January, 1781, a party consisting of sixtyfiTe 
whites, organized from St. Louis and Cahokia, 
with some 200 Indians, and headed by Don 
Eugenio Pourre, a Spaniard, started on a second 
expedition against Fort St. Joseph. By silencing 
the Indians, whom they met on their way, with 
promises of plunder, they were able to reach the 
fort without discovery, captured it and. raising 
the Spanish Hag, formally took po.ssession in the 
name of the King of .Spain. After retaining pos- 
session for a few days, the party returned to St. 
Louis, but in negotiating the treaty of peace at 
Paris, in 1783, this incident was made the basis 
of a claim put forth by Spain to ownership of 
the "Illinois Country" "by right of conquest." 

The Territori.\l Pekiod. — At the very outset 
of its existence, the new Government of the 
United States was confronted with an embarrass- 
ing question which deeply affected the interests 
of the territory of which Illinois formed a part. 
This was the claim of certain States to lands 
lying between their western boundaries and the 
Mississippi River, then the western boundary of 
the Republic. These claims were based either 
upon the terms of their original charters or upon 
the cession of lands by the Indians, and it was 
under a claim of the former character, as well as 
by right of conquest, that Virginia assumed to ex- 
ercise authority over the "Illinois Country" after 
its capture by the Clark expedition. This con- 
struction was opposed by the States which, from 
their geographical position or other cause, had 
no claim to lands beyond their own boundaries, 
and the controversy was waged with considerable 
bitterness for several years, proving a formidable 
obstacle to the ratification of the Articles of Con- 
federation. As early as 1779 the subject received 
the attention of Congress in the adoption of a 
resolution requesting the States having such 
claims to "forbear settling or issuing warrants 
for unappropriated lands or granting the same 
during the continuance of the present (Revolu- 
tionary) "War." In the following year. New York 
authorized her Delegates in Congress to limit its 
boundaries in such manner as they might think 
expedient, and to cede to the Government its 
claim to western lands. The case was further com- 
plicated by the claims of certain land companies 



which had been previously organized. New York 
filed her cession to the Ijeneral Government of 
lands claimed by her in October, 1782, followed 
by Virginia nearly a year later, and by Slassa- 
chusetts and Connecticut in 178,5 and 1786. Other 
States followed somewhat tardily, Georgia being 
the last, in 1802. The only claims of this charac- 
ter affecting lands in Illinois were those of Vir- 
ginia covering the southern part of the State, and 
Connecticut and Massachusetts applying to the 
northern portion. It was from the splendid 
domain north and west of the Ohio thus acquired 
from Virginia and other States, that the North- 
west Territory was finally organized. 

Ordinance of 1787. — The first step was taken in 
the passage by Congress, in 1784; of a resolution 
providing for the temporary government of the 
Western Territory, and this was followed three 
years later by the enactment of the celebrated 
Ordinance of 1787. While this latter document 
contained numerous provisions which marked a 
new departure in the science of free government 
— as, for instance, that declaring that "religion, 
morality and knowledge being necessary to good 
government and the happiness of mankind, 
schools and the means of education shall forever 
be encouraged" — its crowning feature was the 
sixth article, as follows; "There shall be neither 
slavery nor involuntary servitude in the said 
Territory, otherwise than in the punishment of 
crime, whereof the party shall have been duly 
convicted." 

Although there has been considerable contro- 
versy as to the authorship of the above and other 
provisions of this immortal document, it is 
worthy of note that substantially the same lan- 
guage was introduced in the resolutions of 1784, 
by a Delegate from a slave State — Thomas Jefler- 
son, of Virginia— though not, at that time, 
adopted. Jefferson was not a member of the 
Congress of 1787 (being then Minister to France), 
and could have had nothing directly to do with 
the later Ordinance; yet it is evident that the 
principle which he had advocated finally received 
the approval of eight out of the thirteen States, — 
all that were represented in that Congress — includ- 
ing the slave States of Virginia, Delaware, North 
Carolina, South Carolina and Georgia. (See 
Ordinance of 17S7.) 

NuuTHWEST Territory Oroanized.— Under 
the Ordinance of 1787, organizing the Northwest 
Territory, Gen. Arthur St. Clair, who had been a 
soldier of the Revolution, was appointed the 
first Governor on Feb. 1, 1788, with Winthrop 
Sargent, Secretary, and Samuel Holden Parsons, 



254 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



James Mitchell Varnum and John Cleves 
Symmes, Judges. All these were reappointed by 
President Washington in 1789. The new Terri- 
torial Government was organized at Marietta, a 
settlement on the Ohio, July 15, 1788, but it was 
nearly two years later before Governor St. Clair 
visited Illinois, arriving at Kaskaskia, March 5, 
1790. The County of St. Clair (named after him) 
was organized at this time, embracing all the 
settlements between the Wabash and the Missis- 
sippi. (See St. Clair County.) He found the 
inhabitants generally in a deplorable condition, 
neglected by the Government, the courts of jus- 
tice practically abolished and many of the citizens 
sadly in need of the obligations due them from 
the Government for supplies furnished to Colonel 
Clark twelve years before. After a stay of three 
months, the Governor returned east. In 1795, 
Judge Turner held the first court in St. Clair 
County, at Cahokia, as the county-seat, although 
both Cahokia and Kaskaskia had been named as 
county-seats by Governor St. Clair. Out of the 
disposition of the local authorities to retain the 
official records at Cahokia, and consequent dis- 
agreement over the county-seat question, at least 
in part, grew the order of 1795 organizing the 
second county (Randolph), and Kaskaskia became 
its county-seat. In 1796 Governor St. Clair paid 
a second visit to Illinois, accompanied by Judge 
Symmes, who held court at both county-seats. 
On Nov. 4, 1791, occurred the defeat of Gov- 
ernor St. Clair, in the western part of the present 
State of Ohio, by a force of Indians under com- 
mand of Little Turtle, in which the whites sus- 
tained a heavy loss of both men and property — 
an event which had an unfavorable effect upon 
conditions throughout the Northwest Territory 
generally. St. Clair, having resigned his com- 
mand of the army, was succeeded by Gen. 
Anthony Wayne, who, in a vigorous campaign, 
overwhelmed the Indians with defeat. This 
resulted in the treaty with the Western tribes at 
Greenville, August 3, 1795, which was the begin- 
ning of a period of comparative peace with the 
Indians all over the Western Country. (See 
Wayne, (Oen.) Anthony.) 

First Territorial Legislation.— In 1798, the 
Territory having gained the requisite population, 
an election of members of a Legislative Council 
and House of Representatives was held in accord- 
ance with the provisions of the Ordinance of 1787. 
This was the first Territorial Legislature organized 
in the history of the Republic. It met at Cincin- 
nati, Feb. 4, 1799, Shadrach Bond being the 
Delegate from St. Clair County and John Edgar 



from Randolph. Gen. William Henry Harrison, 
who had succeeded Sargent as Secretary of the 
Territory, June 26, 1798, was elected Delegate to 
Congress, receiving a majority of one vote over 
Arthur St. Clair, Jr. , son of the Governor. 

Ohio and Indiana Territories. — By act of 
Congress, May 7, 1800, the Northwest Territory 
was divided into Ohio and Indiana Territories ; 
the latter embracing the region west of the pres- 
ent State of Ohio, and having its capital at "Saint 
Vincent" (Vincennes). May 13, WilUam Henry 
Harrison, who had been the first Delegate in Con- 
gress from the Northwest Territory, was ap- 
pointed Governor of Indiana Territory, which at 
first consisted of three counties: Knox, St. Clair 
and Randolph — the two latter being within the 
boundaries of the present State of Illinois. Their 
aggregate population at this time was estimated 
at less than 5,000. During his administration 
Governor Harrison concluded thirteen treaties 
with the Indians, of which six related to the ces- 
sion of lands in Illinois. The first treaty relating 
to lands in Illinois was that of Greenville, con- 
cluded by General Wayne in 1795. By this the 
Government acquired six miles square at the 
mouth of the Chicago River ; twelve miles square 
at the mouth of the Illinois ; six miles square at 
the old Peoria fort ; the post of Fort Massac ; and 
150,000 acres assigned to General Clark and his 
soldiers, besides all other lands "in possession of 
the French people and all other white settlers 
among them, the Indian title to which had been 
thus extinguished." (See Indian Treaties; also, 
Greenville, Treaty of. ) 

During the year 1803, the treaty with France 
for the purchase of Louisiana and West Florida 
was concluded, and on March 26, 1804, an act was 
passed by Congress attaching all that portion of 
Louisiana lying north of the thirty-third parallel 
of latitude and west of the Mississippi to Indiana 
Territory for governmental purposes. Tliis in- 
cluded the present States of Arkansas, Missouri, 
Kansas, Nebraska, Iowa, Minnesota, the two 
Dakotas and parts of Colorado, Wyoming and Mon- 
tana. This arrangement continued only until 
tlie following March, when Louisiana was placed 
under a separate Territorial organization. 

For four years Indiana Territory was governed 
under laws framed by the Governor and Judges, 
but, the population having increased to the re- 
quired number, an election was held, Sept. 
11, 1804, on the proposition to advance the gov- 
ernment to the "second grade" by the election of 
a Territorial Legislature. The smallness of the 
vote indicated the indifference of the people on 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



255 



the subject Out of 400 votes cast, the proposition 
received a majority of 138. The two Illinois 
counties cast a total of 142 votes, of which St. 
Clair furnished 81 and Randolph 61. The former 
gave a majority of 37 against the measure and 
tlie latter 19 in its favor, showing a net negative 
majority of 18. The adoption of the proposition 
was due, therefore, to tlie affirmative vote in the 
other counties. There were in the Territory at 
this time six counties; one of these (Wayue) was 
in Michigan, which was set off, in 1805, as a sep- 
arate Territory. At the election of Delegates to 
a Territorial Legislature, held Jan. 3, 180.5, Shad- 
rach Bond, Sr., and William Biggs were elected 
for St. Clair County and George Fisher for Ran- 
dolph. Bond having meanwhile become a mem- 
ber of the Legislative Council, Shadrach Bond, 
Jr., was chosen his successor. The Legislature 
convened at Vincennes, Feb. 7, 180.5, but only 
to recommend a list of persons from whom 
it was the duty of Congress to select a Legislative 
Council. In addition to Bond, Pierre Menard 
was chosen for Randolph and John Hay for St. 
Clair. 

Illinois Territory Organized. — The Illinois 
counties were represented in two regular and one 
special session of the Territorial Legislature dur- 
ing the time they were a part of Indiana Terri- 
tory. By act of Congress, which became a law 
Feb. 3, 1809, the Territory was divided, the west- 
ern part being named Illinois. 

At this point the history of Illinois, as a sepa- 
rate political division, begins. While its bounda- 
ries in all other directions were as now, on the 
north it extended to the Canada line. From 
what has already been said, it appears that the 
earliest wliite settlements were established by 
French Canadians, chiefly at Kaskaskia, Cahokia 
and the other villages in the southern part of the 
American Bottom. At the time of Clark's in- 
vasion, there were not known to have been more 
than two Americans among these people, except 
sucli hunters and trappers as paid them occasional 
visits. One of the earliest American settlers in 
Southern Illinois was Capt. Nathan Hull, who 
c^me from Massachusetts and settled at an early 
day on the Ohio, near where Golconda now 
stands, afterward removing to the vicinity of 
Kiiskaskia, where he died in 1806. In 1781, a 
company of immigrants, consisting (with one or 
two exceptions) of members of Clark's command 
in 1778, arrived with their families from Mary- 
land and Virginia and established themseh^es on 
the American Bottom. The "New Design" set- 
tlement, on the boundary line between St. Clair 



and Monroe Counties, and the first distinctively 
American colony in the "Illinois Country," was 
established by this party. Some of its members 
afterward became prominent in the history of the 
Territory and tlie State. William Biggs, a mem- 
ber of tlie first Territorial Legislature, with 
others, settled in or near Kaskaskia about 1788, 
and William Arundel, the first American mer- 
chant at Cahokia, came there from Peoria during 
the same year. Gen. John Edgar, for many years 
a leading citizen and merchant at the capital, 
arrived at Kaskaskia in 1784, and William Mor- 
rison, Ka.skaskia's principal merchant, came from 
Philadelphia as early as 1790, followed some years 
afterward by several brothers. James Lemen 
came before the beginning of the present cen- 
tury, and was the founder of a large and influ- 
ential family in the vicinity of Shiloh, St. Clair 
County, and Rev. David Badgley headed a colony 
of 154 from Virginia, who arrived in 1797. 
Among other prominent arrivals of this period 
were John Rice Jones, Pierre Menard (first 
Lieutenant-Governor of the State), Shadrach 
Bond, Jr. (first Governor), John Hay, John 
Messinger, William Kinney, Capt. Joseph Ogle; 
and of a later date, Nathaniel Pope (afterward 
Secretary of the Territory, Delegate to Congress, 
Justice of the United States Court and father of 
the late JIaj.-Gen. John Pope), Elias Kent Kane 
(first Secretarj- of State and afterward United 
States Senator), Daniel P. Cook (first Attorney- 
General and second Representative in Congress), 
George Forquer (at one time Secretary of State), 
and Dr. George Fisher — all prominent in Terri- 
torial or State history. (See biographical 
sketches of these early settlers under their re- 
spective names. ) 

Tlie government of the new Territory was 
organized by the appointment of Ninian Ed- 
wards, Governor; Nathaniel Pope, Secretary, 
and Alexander Stuart, Obadiah Jones and Jesse 
B. Thomas, Territorial Judges. (See Edwards, 
Ninian.) Stuart having been transferred to 
Missouri, Stanley Griswold was appointed in 
his stead. Governor Edwards arrived at Kas- 
kaskia, the capital, in June, 1809. At that 
time the two counties of St. Clair and Randolpli 
comprised the settled portion of the Territory, 
with a white population estimated at about 9,000. 
The Governor and Judges immediately proceeded 
to formulate a code of laws, and the appoint- 
ments made by Secretary Pope, who had preceded 
the Governor in his arrival in the Territory, were 
confirmed. Benjamin H. Doyle was the first 
Attorney-General, but he resigned in a few 



256 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



months, when the place was offered to John J. 
Crittenden — the well-known United States Sen- 
ator from Kentucky at the beginning of the 
Civil War — but by him declined. Thomas T. 
Crittenden was then appointed. 

An incident of the year 1811 was the battle of 
Tippecanoe, resulting in the defeat of Tecumseh, 
the great chief of the Shawnees, by Gen. William 
Henry Harrison. Four companies of mounted 
rangers were raised in Illinois this year under 
direction of Col. William Russell, of Kentucky, 
who built Camp Russell near Edwardsville the 
following year. They were commanded by Cap- 
tains Samuel Whiteside, William B. Whiteside, 
James B. Moore and Jacob Short. The memo- 
rable earthquake which had its center about New 
Madrid, Mo., occurred in December of this 
year, and was quite violent in some portions of 
Southern Illinois. (See Earthquake of IS 11.) 

War of 1813. — During the following year the 
second war with England began, but no serious 
outbreak occurred in Illinois until August, 1812, 
when the massacre at Fort Dearborn, where 
Chicago now stands, took place. This had long 
been a favorite trading post of the Indians, at 
first under French occupation and afterward 
under the Americans. Sometime during 1803-04, 
a fort had been built near the mouth of Chicago 
River on the south side, on land acquired from the 
Indians by the treaty of Greenville in 1795. (See 
Fort Dearborn.) In the spring of 1812 some 
alarm had been caused by outrages committed by 
Indians in the vicinity, and in the early part of 
August, Capt. Nathan Heald, commanding the 
garrison of less than seventy-five men, received 
instructions from General Hull, in command at 
Detroit, to evacuate the fort, disposing of the 
public property as he might see fit. Friendly 
Indians advised Heald either to make prepara- 
tions for a vigorous defense, or evacuate at once. 
Instead of this, he notified the Indians of his in- 
tention to retire and divide the stores among 
them, with the conditions subsequently agreed 
upon in council, that his garrison should be 
afforded an escort and safe passage to Fort 
Wayne. On the 14th of August he proceeded to 
distribute the bulk of the goods as promised, but 
the ammunition, guns and liquors were de- 
stroyed. This he justified on the ground that a 
bad use would be made of them, while the 
Indians construed it as a violation of the agree- 
ment. The tragedy which followed, is thus de- 
scribed in Moses' "History of Illinois:" 

"Black Partridge, a Pottawatomie Chief, who 
had been on terms of friendship with the whites, 



appeared before Captain Heald and informed 
him plainly that his young men intended to 
imbrue their hands in the blood of the whites; 
that he was no longer able to restrain them, and, 
surrendering a medal he had worn in token of 
amity, closed by saying: 'I will not wear a 
token of peace while I am compelled to act as an 
enemy. ' In the meantime the Indians were riot- 
ing upon the provisions, and becoming so aggres- 
sive in their bearing that it was resolved to march 
out the next day. The fatal fifteenth arrived. 
To each soldier was distributed twenty-five 
rounds of reserved ammunition. The baggage 
and ambulance wagons were laden, and the gar- 
rison slowly wended its way outside the protect- 
ing walls of the fort — the Indian escort of 500 
following in the rear. What next occurred in 
this disastrous movement is narrated by Captain 
Heald in his report, as follows: 'The situation of 
the country rendered it neces.sary for us to take 
the beach, with the lake on our left, and a high 
sand bank on our right at about three hundred 
j'ards distance. We had proceeded about a mile 
and a half, when it was discovered (by Captain 
W'ells) that the Indians were prepared to attack 
us from behind the bank. I immediately marched 
up with the company to the top of the bank, 
when the action commenced; after firing one 
round, we charged, and the Indians gave way in 
front and joined those on our flanks. In about fif- 
teen minutes they got possession of all our horses, 
provisions and baggage of every description, and 
finding the Miamis (who had come from Fort 
Wayne with Captain Wells to act as an escort) 
did not assist us, I drew off the few men I had 
left and took possession of a small elevation in 
the open prairie out of shot of the bank, or any 
other cover. The Indians did not follow me but 
assembled in a body on top of the bank, and after 
some consultation among themselves, made signs 
for me to approach them. I advanced toward 
them alone, and was met by one of the Potta- 
watomie chiefs called Black Bird, with an inter- 
preter. After shaking hands, he requested me to 
surrender, promising to spare tlie lives of all the 
prisoners. On a few moments' consideration I 
concluded it would be most prudent to comply 
with this request, although I did not put entire 
confidence in his promise. The troops had made 
a brave defense, but what could so small a force 
do against such overwhelming numbers? It was 
evident with over half their number dead upon 
the field, or wounded, further resistance would 
be hopeless. Twenty-six regulars and twelve 
militia, with two women and twelve children, 
were killed. Among the slain were Captain 
Wells, Dr. Van Voorhis and Ensign George 
Ronan. (Captain Wells, when young, had been 
captured by Indians and had married among 
them.) He (Wells) was familiar with all the 
wiles, stratagems, as well as the vindictiveness 
of the Indian character, and when the conflict 
began, he said to his niece (Mrs. Heald), by 
whose side he was standing, 'We have not the 
slightest chance for life ; we must part to meet 
no more in this world. God bless you." With 
these words he dashed forward into the thickest 
of the fight. He refused to be taken prisoner, 
knowing what his fate would be, when a young 



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HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



257 



red-skin cut him down with his tomahawk, 
juni|>t'd upon liis body, cut out Ids lieart and ate 
a portion of it with sjivage deliglit. 

"The prisoners taken were Captain Heald and 
wife, botli wounded. Lieutenant Hehn, also 
wounded, and wife, witli twenty-five non-com- 
missioned officers and privates, and eleven women 
and children. The loss of the Indians was fifteen 
killed. Mr. Kinzie's family had been entrusted 
to the care of .some friendly Indians and were not 
with the retiring garrison. The Indians engaged 
in this outrage were principally Pottawatomies, 
with a few Chippewas, Ottawas, Winnebagoes, 
and Kickapoos. Fort Dearborn was plundered 
and burned on the next morning." (See Fort 
Dearborn; also War of IS 12. ) 

Thus ended the most bloody tragedy that ever 
occurred on the soil of Illinois with Americans as 
victims. The place where this affair occurred, 
as described by Captain Heald, was on the lake 
shore about the foot of Eighteenth Street in 
the present city of Chicago. After the destruction 
of the fort, the site of the present city of Chicago 
remained unoccupied until 1816, when the fort 
was rebuilt. At that time the bones of the vic- 
tims of the massacre of 1812 still lay bleaching 
ujion the sands near the lake shore, but they 
were gathered up a few years Liter and buried. 
The new fort continued to be occupied somewhat 
irregularly until 18137, when it was finally aban- 
doned, there being no longer any reason for 
maintaining it as a defense against the Indians. 

Other Events of the W.\r.— The part played 
by Illinois in the War of 1812, consisted chiefly 
in looking after the large Indian population 
within and near its borders. Two expeditions 
were undertaken to Peoria Lake in the Fall of 
1812; the first of these, under the direction of 
Governor Edwards, burned two Kickapoo vil- 
lages, one of them being that of "Hlack Part- 
ridge," who had befriended the whites at Fort 
Deartorn. A few weeks later Capt. Thomas E. 
Craig, at the head of a company of militia, made a 
descent upon the ancient French village of Peoria, 
on the pretext that the inhabitants liad har- 
bored hostile Indians and fired on his boats. He 
burned a part of the town and, taking tlie peojile 
as prisoners down the river, put them ashore 
below Alton, in the beginning of winter. Both 
these affairs were severely censured. 

There were expeditions against the Indians on 
the Illinois and Upper Mississippi in 1813 and 
1814. In the latter j'ear, Illinois troops took part 
with credit in two engagements at Rock Island — 
the last of these being in co-operation with regu- 
lars, under command of Maj. Zacliary Taylorj*, 
afterwards President, against a force of Indians 
supported by the British. Fort Clark at Peoria 



was erected in 1813, and Fort Edwards at War- 
saw, opposite the mouth of the Des Moines, at 
the close of the campaign of 1814. A council 
with the Indians, conducted by Governors 
Edwards of Illinois and Clarke of Missouri, and 
Auguste Chouteau, a merchant of St. Louis, as 
Government Commissioners, on the Missis.sippi 
just below Alton, in July, ISl.'i, concluded a 
treaty of peace with the principal Northwestern 
tribes, thus ending the war. 

First Territorial Leoislature.— By act of 
Congress, adopted May 21, 1812, the Territory of 
Illinois was raised to the second grade— i. e., em- 
powered to elect a Territorial Legislature. In 
September, three additional counties— Madison, 
Gallatin and Johnson— were organized, making 
five in all. and. in October, an election for the 
choice of five members of the Council and seven 
Representatives was held, resulting as follows: 
Councilmen— Pierre Menard of Randolph County ; 
William Biggs of St. Clair; Samuel Judy of 
Madison; Thomas Ferguson of Johnson, and 
Benjamin Talbot of Gallatin. Representatives- 
George Fisher of Randolph ; Joshua Oglesby and 
Jacob Short of St. Clair; William Jones of Madi- 
son; Philip Trammel and Alexander Wilson of 
Gallatin, and John Grammar of Johnson. The 
Legislature met at Kaskaskia, Nov. 25, the Coun- 
cil organizing with Pierre Menard as President 
and John Thomas, Secretary; and the House, 
with George Fisher as Speaker and William C. 
Greenup, Clerk. Shadrach Bond was elected the 
first Delegate to Congress. 

A second Legislature was elected in 1814, con- 
vening at Kaskaskia. Nov. 14. Menard was con- 
tinued President of the Council during the whole 
Territorial period; while George Fisher was 
Speaker of each House, except the Second. The 
county of Edwards was organized in 1814, and 
White in 1815. Other counties organized under 
the Territorial Government were Jackson, Mon- 
roe, Crawford and Pope in 1816; Bond in 1817, 
and Franklin, Union and Washington in 1818, 
making fifteen in all. Of these all but the 
three last-named were organized previous to the 
pas.sage by Congress of the enabling act author- 
izing the Territory of Illinois to organize a State 
government. In 1816 the Bank of Illinois was 
established at Shawneetown, with branches at 
Edwardsville and Kaskaskia. 

Early Towns.- Besides the French villages in 
the American Bottom, there is said to have been 
a French and Indian village on the west bank of 
Peoria Lake, as early as 1711. This site appears 
to have been abandoned about 1775 and a new 



258 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



village establislied on the present site of Peoria 
soon after, which was maintained until 1812, 
when it was broken up by Captain Craig. Other 
early towns were Shawneetown, laid out in 1808; 
Belleville, established as the county-seat of St. 
Clair County, in 1814; Edwardsville, founded in 
1815; Upper Alton, in 1816, and Alton, in 1818. 
Carmi, Fairfield, Waterloo, Golconda, Lawrence- 
ville. Mount Carmel and Vienna also belonged to 
this period; while Jacksonville, Springfield and 
Galena were settled a few years later. Chicago 
is mentioned in "Beck's Gazetteer" of 1823, as "a 
village of Pike County." 

Admission as a State. — The preliminary steps 
for the admission of Illinois as a State, were taken 
in the passage of an Enabling A ct by Congress, 
April 13, 1818. An important incident in this 
connection was the amendment of the act, mak- 
ing the parallel of 42 30' from Lake Michigan to 
the Mississippi River the northern boundary, 
in,stead of a line extending from tlie southern 
extremity of the Lake. This was obtained 
through the influence of Hon. Nathaniel Pope, 
then Delegate from Illinois, and by it the State 
secured a strip of country fifty-one miles in 
w'idth, from the Lake to the Mississippi, embrac- 
ing what have since become fourteen of the most 
populous counties of the State, including the city 
of Chicago. The political, material and moral 
results which have followed this important act, 
have been tlie subject of much interesting dis- 
cussion and cannot be easily over-estimated. 
(See Northern Boundary Question; also Pope, 
Nathaniel. ) 

Another measure of great importance, which Jlr. 
Pope secured, was a modification of the provision 
of the Enabling Act requiring the appropriation of 
five per cent of the proceeds from the sale of pub- 
lic lands within the State, to the construction of 
roads and canals. The amendment which he 
secured authorizes the application of two-fifths 
of this fund to the making of roads leading to the 
State, but requires "the residue to be appropri- 
ated by the Legislature of the State for the 
encouragement of learning, of which one-sixth 
part shall be exclusively bestowed on a college or 
university." This was the beginning of that 
system of liberal encouragement of education by 
the General Government, which has been at- 
tended with such beneficent results in the younger 
States, and has reflected so much honor upon the 
Nation. (See Education; Bailroads, and Illinois 
<& Michigan Canal. ) 

The Enabling Act required as a precedent con- 
dition that a census of the Territory, to be taken 



that year, should show a population of 40,000. 
Such a result was shown, but it is now confessed 
that the number was greatly exaggerated, the 
true population, as afterwards given, being 34,020. 
According to the decennial census of 1820, the 
population of the State at that time was 55,162. 
If there was any short-coming in this respect in 
1818, the State has fully compensated for it by 
its unexampled growth in later j-ears. 

An election of Delegates to a Convention to 
frame a State Constitution was held July 6 to 8, 
1818 (extending through three days), tiiirty-three 
Delegates being chosen from the fifteen counties 
of the State. The Convention met at Kaskaskia, 
August 3, and organized by the election of Jesse 
B. Thomas, President, and William C. Greenup, 
Secretary, closing its labors. August 36. The 
Constitution, which was modeled largely upon 
the Constitutions of Kentucky, Ohio and Indiana, 
was not submitted to a vote of the people. (See 
Constitutional Coni'entions, especiallj' Conven- 
tion of ISIS.) Objection was made to its accept- 
ance by Congress on the ground that the 
population of the Territory was insufiicient and 
that the prohibition of slavery was not as ex- 
plicit as required by the Ordinance of 1787; but 
these arguments were overcome and the docu- 
ment accepted by a vote of 117 yeas to 34 nays. 
The only oflicers whose election was provided for 
by popular vote, were the Governor, Lieutenant- 
Governor, Sheriffs, Coroners and County Commis- 
sioners. The Secretary of State, State Treasurer, 
Auditor of Public Accounts, Public Printer and 
Supreme and Circuit Judges were all appointive 
either by the Governor or General Assembly. 
The elective franchise was granted to all white 
male inhabitants, above the age of 21 years, who 
had resided in the State six months. 

The first State election was held Sept. 17, 
1818, resulting in the choice of Shadrach Bond 
for Governor, and Pierre Menard, Lieutenant- 
Governor. The Legislature, chosen at the same 
time, consisted of thirteen Senators and twenty- 
seven Representatives. It commenced its session 
at Kaskaskia, Oct. 5, 1818, and adjourned after a 
session of ten days, awaiting the formal admis- 
sion of the State, which took place Dec. 3. A 
second session of the same Legislature was held, 
extending from Jan. 4 to March 31, 1819. 
Risdon Moore was Speaker of the first House. 
The other State officers elected at the first ses- 
sion were Elijah C. Berry, Auditor ; John Thomas, 
Treasurer, and Daniel P. Cook, Attorney-General. 
Elias Kent Kane, having been appointed Secre- 
tary of State by the Governor, was confirmed by 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



259 



the Senate. Ex-Governor Edwards and Jesse B. 
Tliouias were elected United States Senators, the 
former drawing tlie sliort term and serving one 
year, when lie was re-elected. Thomas served 
two terms, retiring in 1S29. The first Supreme 
Court consisted of Joseph Phillips, Chief Justice, 
with Thomas C. Browne, William P. Foster and 
John Reynolds, Associate Justices. Foster, who 
was a mere adventurer without an}" legal knowl- 
edge, left the State in a few months and was 
succeeded by "William "Wilson. (See State Officers, 
United States Senators, and Judieiartj.) 

Menard, who served as Lieutenant-Governor 
four years, was a noteworthy man. A native of 
Canada and of French descent, he came to Kas- 
kaskia in 1790, at the age of 24 years, and 
engaged in mercantile pursuits. He was hos- 
pitable, frank, liberal and enterprising. The fol- 
lowing story related of him illustrates a pleas- 
ant feature of his character: "At one time there 
was a scarcity of salt in the country, and Menard 
held the only supply outside of St. Louis. A 
nimiber of his neighbors called upon him for 
what they wanted ; he declined to let them know 
whether he could supply them or not, but told 
them to come to his store on a certain day, when 
he would inform them. They came at the time 
appointed, and were seated. Menard passed 
around among them and inquired of each, 'You 
got money?' Some said they had and some that 
they had not, but would pay as soon as they 
killed their hogs. Those who had money he 
directed to range themselves on one side of the 
room and those who had none, on the other. Of 
course, those who had the means expected to get 
the salt and the others looked very much dis- 
tressed and crestfallen. Menard then spoke up 
in his brusque way, and said, 'You men who got 
de money, can go to St. Louis for your salt. 
Dese poor men who got no money shall have my 
salt, by gar.' Such was the man — noble hearted 
and large-minded, if unpolished and uncouth." 
(See il/fward, Pierre.) 

Removal of the Capital to Va.ndallv.— 
At the second session of the General Assembly, 
five Commissioners were appointed to select a 
new site for the State Capital. "What is now the 
city of Vandalia was selected, and, in December, 
1820, the entire archives of the State were re- 
moved to the new capital, being transported in 
one small wagon, at a cost of $25.00, under the 
supervision of the late Sidney Breese, who after- 
wards became United States Senator and Justice 
of the Supreme Court. (See State Capitals. ) 

Purine the session of the Second General 



Assembly, which met at Vandalia, Dec. 4, 
1820, a bill was passed establishing a State Bank 
at Vandalia, with branches at Shawneetown, 
Edwardsville and Brownsville. John McLean, 
who had been the first Representative in Con- 
gress, was Speaker of the House at this session. 
He was twice elected to the United States Senate, 
though he served only about two years, dying in 
ISIiO. (See State Bank.) 

Inthoductiox op the Slavery Question. — 
The second State election, which occurred in 
August, 1822, proved the beginning of a turbu- 
lent period through the introduction of some 
exciting questions into State politics. There 
were four candidates for gubernatorial honors in 
the field: Chief-Justice Phillips, of the Supreme 
Court, supported by the friends of Governor 
Bond; Associate- Justice Browne, of the same 
court, supported by the friends of Governor 
Edwards; Gen. James B. Moore, a noted Indian 
fighter and the candidate of the "Old Rangers," 
and Edward Coles. The latter was a native of 
Virginia, who had served as private secretary of 
President Monroe, and had been employed as a 
special messenger to Russia. He had made two 
visits to Illinois, the first in 1815 and the second 
in 1818. The Convention to form a State Constitu- 
tion being in session at the date of the latter 
visit, he took a deep interest in the discussion of 
the slavery questiou and exerted his influence in 
securing the adoption of the prohibitory article 
in the organic law. On April 1, 1819, he started 
from his home in Virginia to remove to Edwards- 
ville, 111., taking with him his ten slaves. The 
journey from Brownsville, Pa., was made in 
two flat-boats to a point below Louisville, where 
he disembarked, traveling by land to Edwards- 
ville. While descending the Ohio River he sur- 
prised his slaves by announcing that they were 
free. The scene, as described by him.self, was 
most dramatic. Having declined to avail them- 
selves of the privilege of leaving him, he took 
them with him to his destination, where he 
eventually gave each head of a family IGO acres 
of land. -Vrrived at Edwardsville, he assumed 
the position of Register of the Land Office, to 
which he had been appointed by President Mon- 
roe, before leaving Virginia. 

The act of Coles with reference to his slaves 
established his reputation as an opponent of 
slavery, and it was in this attitude that he stood 
as a candidate for Governor — both Phillips and 
Browne being friendly to "the institution," 
which had had a virtual e.xistence in the "Illinois 
Country" from the time Renault brought 500 



260 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



slaves to the vicinity of Kaskaskia, one hun- 
dred years before. Although the Constitution 
declared that "neither slavery nor involuntary 
servitude shall hereafter be introduced into the 
State," this had not been effectual in eliminating 
it. In fact, while this language was construed, 
so long as it remained in the Constitution, as 
prohibiting legislation authorizing the admission 
of slaves from without, it was not regarded as 
inimical to the institution as it already existed ; 
and, as the population came largely from the 
slave States, there had been a rapidly growing 
sentiment in favor of removing the inhibitory 
clause. Although the pro-slavery party was 
divided between two candidates for Governor, 
it had hardly contemplated the possibility of 
defeat, and it was consequently a surprise when 
the returns showed that Coles was elected, receiv- 
ing 3,854 votes to 2,687 for Phillips, 2,443 for 
Browne and 622 for Moore — Coles' plurality 
being 167 in a total of 8,606. Coles thus became 
Governor on less than one-third of the popular 
vote. Daniel P. Cook, who had made the race 
for Congress at the same election against 
McLean, as an avowed opponent of slavery, was 
successful by a majority of 876. (See Coles, 
Edward; also Cook, Daniel Pope. ) 

The real struggle was now to occur in the Legis- 
lature, which met Dec. 2, 1823. The House 
organized with William M. Alexander as Speaker, 
while the Senate elected Thomas Lippincott 
(afterwards a prominent Presbyterian minister 
and the father of the late Gen. Charles E. Lippin- 
cott), Secretary, and Henry S. Dodge, Enrolling 
and Engrossing Clerk. The other State officers 
appointed by the Governor, or elected by the 
Legislature, were Samuel D. Lockwood, Secretary 
of State; Elijah C. Berry, Auditor; Abner Field, 
Treasurer, and James Turney, Attorney General. 
Lockwood had served nearly two years previously 
as Attorney-General, but remained in the office 
of Secretary of State only three months, when he 
resigned to accept the position of Receiver for 
the Land Office. (See Lockwood, Samuel Drake.) 

The slavery question came up in the Legisla- 
ture on the reference to a special committee of a 
portion of the Governor's message, calling atten- 
tion to the continued existence of slavery in spite 
of the ordinance of 1787, and recommending that 
steps be taken for its extinction. Majority and 
minority reports were submitted, the former 
claiming the right of the State to amend its Con- 
stitution and thereby make such disposition of 
the slaves as it saw proper. Out of this grew a 
resolution submitting to the electors at the next 



election a proposition for a convention to revise 
the Constitution. This passed the Senate by the 
necessary two-thirds vote, and, having come up 
in the House (Feb. 11, 1823), it failed by a single 
vote — Nicholas Hansen, a Representative from 
Pike County, whose seat had been unsuccessfully 
contested by John Shaw at the beginning of the 
session, being one of those vbting in the negative. 
The next day, without further investigation, the 
majority proceeded to reconsider its action in 
seating Hansen two and a half months previ- 
ously, and Shaw was seated in his place; though, 
in order to do this, some crooked work was nec- 
essary to evade the rules. Shaw being seated, 
the submission resolution was then passed. No 
more exciting campaign was ever had in Illinois. 
Of five papers then published in the State, "The 
Edwardsville Spectator," edited by Hooper 
Warren, opposed the measure, being finally rein- 
forced by "The Illinois Intelligencer," which had 
been removed to Vandalia; "The Illinois Gaz- 
ette," at Shawneetown, published articles on 
both sides of the question, though rather favoring 
the anti-slavery cause, while "The Republican 
Advocate," at Kaskaskia, the organ of Senator 
Elias Kent Kane, and "The Republican," at 
Edwardsville, under direction of Judge Theophi- 
lus W. Smith, Emanuel J. West and Judge 
Samuel McRoberts (afterwards United States 
Senator), favored the Convention. The latter 
paper was established for the especial purpose of 
supporting the Convention scheme and was 
promptly discontinued on the defeat of the meas- 
ure. (See Newspapers, Early.) Among other 
supporters of the Convention proposition were 
Senator Jesse B. Thomas, John McLean, Richard 
M. Young, Judges Phillips, Browne and Reynolds, 
of the Supreme Court, and many more; while 
among the leading champions of the opposition, 
were Judge Lockwood, George Forquer (after- 
ward Secretary of State), Morris Birkbeck, George 
Churchill, Thomas Mather and Rev. Thomas Lip- 
pincott. Daniel P Cook, then Representative in 
Congress, was the leading champion of freedom 
on the stump, while Governor Coles contributed 
the salary of his entire term ($4,000), as well as 
his influence, to the support of the cause. Gov- 
ernor Edwards (then in the Senate) was the owner 
of slaves and occupied a non-committal position. 
The election was held August 2, 1824, resulting in 
4,972 votes for a Convention, to 6,640 against it, 
defeating the proposition by a majority of 1,668. 
Considering the size of tlie aggregate vote 
(11,612), the result was a decisive one. By it 
Illinois escaped the greatest danger it ever en- 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



261 



countered previous to the War of the Rebellion. 
(See Slavery o.nd Slave Laws. ) 

At the same election Cook was re-elected to 
Congress by 3,016 majority over Shadrach Bond. 
The vote for Presiilent was divided between John 
Quiney Adams, Andrew Jackson, Henry Clay 
and "William H. Crawford— Adams receiving a 
plurality, but much below a majority. The Elect- 
oral College failing to elect a President, the 
decision of the question passed into the hands of 
the Congressional House of Representatives, 
when Adams was elected, receiving the vote of 
Illinois through its only Representative, Mr. Cook. 

During the remainder of his term. Governor 
Coles was made the victim of much vexatious 
litigation at the hands of his enemies, a verdict 
being rendered against him in the sum of $2,000 
for bringing his emancipated negroes into the 
State, in violation of the law of 1819. The Legis- 
lature having passed an act releasing him from 
the penalty, it was declared unconstitutional by 
a malicious Circuit Judge, though his decision 
was promptly reversed by the Supreme Court. 
Having lived a few years on his farm near 
Edwardsville, in 1832 he removed to Philadelphia, 
where he spent the remainder of his days, his 
death occurring there, July 7, 1868. In the face 
of opprobrium and defamation, and sometimes in 
danger of mob violence, Governor Coles per- 
formed a service to the State which has scarcely 
yet been fully recognized. {See Coles. Edward.) 

A ridiculous incident of the closing year of 
Coles' administration was the attempt of Lieut. - 
Gov. Frederick Adolphus Hubbard, after having 
tasted the sweets of executive power during the 
Governor's temporary absence from the State, to 
usurp the po.sition after the Governor's return. 
The ambitious aspirations of the would-be usurper 
were suppressed by the Supreme Court. 

An interesting event of the year 1825, was the 
visit of General La Fayette to Kaskaskia. He 
was welcomed in an address by Governor Coles, 
and the event was made the occasion of much 
festivity by the French citizens of the ancient 
capital. {See La Fayette, Visit of .) 

The first State House at Vandalia having been 
destroyed by fire, Dec. 9, 1823, a new one was 
erected during the following year at a cost of 
$12,381.50, toward which the people of Vandalia 
contributed S5,000. 

Edwards' Administr.vtion. — The State elec- 
tion of 1826 resulted in again calling Ninian 
Edwards to the gubernatorial chair, which he 
had filled during nearly tlie whole of the exist- 
ence of Illinois as a Territory. Elected one of the 



first United States Senators, and re-elected for a 
second term in 1819, he had resigned thisoflJice in 
1824 to accept the position of Minister to Mexico, 
b5' appointment of President Monroe. Having 
become involved in a controversy with William 
H. Crawford, Secretary of the Treasury, he 
resigned the Mexican mission, and, after a period 
of retirement to private life for the first time 
after he came to Illinois, he appealed to the 
people of the State for endorsement, with the 
result stated. His administration was unevent- 
ful except for the "Winnebago War," which 
caused considerable commotion on the frontier, 
without resulting in much bloodshed. Governor 
Edwards was a fine specimen of the "old school 
gentleman" of that period — dignified and polished 
in his manners, courtly and precise in his address, 
proud and ambitious, with a tendency to the 
despotic in his bearing in consequence of having 
been reared in a slave State and his long connec- 
tion with the executive office. His early educa- 
tion liad been under the direction of the 
celebrated William Wirt, between whom and 
himself a close friendship existed. He was 
wealthy for the time, being an extensive land- 
owner as well as slave-holder and the proprietor of 
stores and mills, which were managed by agents, 
but he lost heavily by bad debts. He was for 
many years a close friend of Hooper Warren, the 
pioneer printer, furnishing the material with 
which the latter published his papers at Spring- 
field and Galena. At the expiration of his term 
of office near the close of 1830, he retired to his 
home at Belleville, where, after making an un- 
successful campaign for Congress in 1832, in 
which he was defeated by Charles Slade, he 
died of cholera, July 20, 1833. (See Edwards, 
Xinian.) 

William Kinney, of Belleville, who was a can- 
didate for Lieutenant-Governor on the ticket 
opposed to Edwards, was elected over Samuel M. 
Thompson. In 1830, Kinney became a candidate 
for Governor but was defeated by John Reynolds, 
known as the "Old Ranger." One of the argu- 
ments used against Kinney in this campaign was 
that, in the Legislature of 1823, he was one of 
three members wlio voted against the Illinois & 
Michigan Canal, on the ground that "it (the 
canal) would make an opening for the Yankees 
to come to the country." 

During Edwards' administration the first steps 
were taken towards the erection of a State peni- 
tentiary at Alton, funds therefor being secured 
by the sale of a portion of the saline lands in Gal- 
latin County. (See Alton Penitentiary.) The first 



2G2 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



Commissioners having charge of its construction 
were Shadrach Bond, William P. McKee and 
Dr. Gershom Jayne — the last-named the father of 
Dr. William Jayne of Springfield, and father-in- 
law of the late Senator Lyman Trumbull. 

Governor Reynolds — Black Hawk War. — 
The election of 1830 resulted in the choice of John 
Reynolds for Governor over William Kinney, by 
a majority of 3.899, in a total vote of 49,051, 
while Zadoc Casey, the candidate on the Kinney 
ticket, was elected Lieutenant-Governor. (See 
Reynolds, John.) 

The most important event of Reynolds' admin- 
istration was the "Black-Hawk War." Eight 
thousand militia were called out during this war 
to reinforce 1,500 regular troops, the final result 
being the driving of 400 Indians west of the Mis- 
sissippi. Rock Island, which had been the favor- 
ite rallying point of the Indians for generations, 
was the central point at the beginning of tliis 
war. It is impossible to give the details of this 
complicated struggle, which was protracted 
through two campaigns (1831 and 1832), though 
there was no fighting worth speaking of except 
in the last, and no serious loss to the whites in 
that, except the surprise and defeat of Stillman's 
command. Beardstown was the base of opera- 
tions in each of these campaigns, and that city 
has probably never witnessed such scenes of 
bu.stle and excitement since. The Indian village 
at Rock Island was destroyed, and the fugitives, 
after being pursued tlirough Northern Illinois 
and Southwestern Wisconsin without being 
allowed to surrender, were driven beyond the 
Mississippi in a famishing condition and with 
spirits completely liroken. Galena, at that time 
the emporium of the "Lead Mine Region," and 
the largest town in the State north of Springfield, 
was the center of great excitement, as the war 
was waged in the region surrounding it. (See 
Black Hawk Tl'ac. ) Although cool judges have 
not regarded this campaign as reflecting honor 
upon either the prowess or the magnanimity of 
the whites, it was remarkable for the number of 
those connected with it whose names afterwards 
became famous in the history of the State and 
the Nation. Among them were two who after- 
wards became Presidents of the United States — 
Col. Zachary Taylor of the regular army, and 
Abraham Lincoln, a Captain in the State militia 
— besides Jefferson Davis, then a Lieutenant in 
the regular army and afterwards head of the 
Southern Confederacy; three subsequent Gov- 
ernors — Duncan, Carlin and Ford — besides Gov- 
ernor Reynolds, who at that time occupied the 



gubernatorial chair; James Semple, afterwards 
United States Senator; John T. Stuart. Lincoln's 
law preceptor and partner, and later a Member 
of Congress, to say nothing of many others, who, in 
after years, occupied prominent positions as mem- 
bers of Congress, the Legislature or otherwise. 
Among the latter were Gen. John J. Hardin; 
the late Joseph Gillespie, of Edwardsville; Col. 
John Dement; William Thomas of Jackson- 
ville; Lieut. -Col. Jacob Fry; Henry Dodge and 
others. 

LTnder the census of 1830, Illinois became 
entitled to three Representatives in Congress 
instead of one, by whom it had been represented 
from the date of its admission as a State. Lieu- 
tenant-Governor Casey, having been elected to 
the Twenty-third Congress for the Second Dis- 
trict under the new apportionment, on March 1, 
1833, tendered his resignation of the Lieutenant- 
Governorship, and was succeeded by William L. 
D. Ewing, Temporary President of the Senate. 
(See ApjJortionment, Congressional; Casey , Zadoc, 
and Representatives in Congress.) Within two 
weeks of the close of his term (Nov. 17, 1834), 
Governor Reynolds followed tlie example of his 
associate in office by resigning the Governorship 
to accept the seat in Congress for the First (or 
Southern) District, which had been rendered 
vacant by the death of Hon. Charles Slade, the 
incumbent in office, in July previous. This 
opened the way for a new promotion of acting 
Lieutenant-Governor Ewing, who thus had the 
distinction of occupying the gubernatorial office 
for the brief space of two weeks. (See Reyiiolds, 
John, and Slade, Charles. ) 

Ewing probably held a greater variety of 
offices under the State, than any other man who 
ever lived in it. Repeatedly elected to each 
branch of the General Assembly, he more than 
once filled the chair of Speaker of the House and 
President of the Senate; served as Acting Lieu- 
tenant-Governor and Governor by virtue of the 
resignation of his superiors; was United States 
Senator from 1835 to 1837; still later became 
Clerk of the House where he had presided as 
Speaker, finally, in 1843, being elected Auditor of 
Public Accounts, and dying in that office three 
years later. In less than twenty years, he held 
eight or ten different offices, including the high- 
est in the State. (See Ewing, William Lee David- 
sort.) 

Duncan's Administration. — Joseph Duncan, 
who had served the State as its only Represent- 
ative in three Congresses, was elected Governor, 
August, 1834, over four competitors — William 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



2G3 



Kinney, Robert K. MoLauglilin, James Evans 
and W. B. Archer. {See Duncan, Josepli.) 

His administration was made memorable by 
the large number of distinguished men who 
either entered public life at this period or gained 
additional prominence by their connection with 
public affairs. Among these were Abraham Lin- 
coln and Stephen A. Douglas; Col. E. D. Kaker, 
who afterward and at different times represented 
Illinois and Oregon in the councils of the Nation, 
and who fell at Ball's Bluff in 1802; Orville H. 
Browning, a prospective United States Senator 
and future cabinet officer; Lieut.-Gov. John 
Dougherty; Gen. James Shields, Col. John J. 
Ilardin, Archibald Williams, Cyrus and Ninian 
W. Edwards; Dr. John Logan, father of Gen. 
John A. Logan ; Stephen T. Logan, and many 
more. 

During this administration was begun that 
gigantic scheme of "internal improvements," 
wliich proved so disastrous to the financial inter- 
ests of the State. The estimated cost of the 
various works undertaken, was over §11,000,000, 
and though little of substantial value was real- 
ized, yet, iu 18.')3, the debt (principal and inter- 
est) thereby incurred (including that of the 
canal), aggregated nearly S1T,0(K),000. The col- 
lapse of the scheme was, no doubt, hastened by 
the unexpected suspension of specie payments 
by the l)anks all over the country, which followed 
soon after its adoption. (See Internal Improve- 
ment Policy; also State Debt.) 

C.\PITAL Removed to Springfield. — At the 
session of the General Assembly of 1836-37, an act 
was passed removing the State capital to Spring- 
field, and an appropriation of §.'50,000 was made to 
erect a building ; to this amount the city of Spring- 
field added a like sum, besides donating a site. In 
securing the passage of these acts, the famous 
"Ix)ngNine," consisting of A. G. Herndon and 
Job Fletcher, in the Senate; and Abraham Lin- 
coln, Ninian W. Edwards, John Dawson, Andrew 
McCormick, Dan Stone, William F. Elkin and 
Robert L. Wilson, in the House — all Representa- 
tives from Sangamon County — played a leading 
part. 

The Murder of Lovejoy.— An event occurred 
near the close of Governor Duncan's term, which 
left a stain upon the locality, but for which liis 
administration had no direct responsibility; to- 
wit, the murder of Rev. Elijah P. Lovejoy, by a 
pro-slavery mob at Alton. Lovejoy was a native 
of Maine, who, coming to St. Louis in 1827, had 
been employed upon various papers, the last 
being "The St. Louia Observer." The outspoken 



hostility of tliis paper to slavery aroused a bitter 
local opi)osition which led to its removal to 
Alton, wliere the first number of "The Alton 
Observer'' was issued, Sept. 8, 1836, though not 
until one press and a considerable portion of the 
material had been destroyed by a mob. On tlie 
night of August 21, 1837, there was a second 
destruction of the material, when a third press 
having been procured, it was taken from tlie 
warehou.se and tlirown into the Mississippi. A 
fourth press was ordered, and, pending its 
arrival, Lovejo5' appeared before a public meet- 
ing of his opponents and, in an impassioned 
address, maintained his right to freedom of 
speech, declaring in conclusion: "If the civil 
authorities refuse to protect me, I must look to 
God; and if I die, I have determined to make my 
grave in Alton." These words proved prophetic. 
Tlie new press was stored in tlie warehouse of 
Godfrey, Gillman & Co., on the night of Nov. 6, 
1837. A guard of si.xty volunteers remained 
about the building the next day, but when night 
came all but nineteen retired to their homes. 
During the night a mob attacked the building, 
when a shot from the inside killed Lyman Bishop. 
An attempt was then made by tho rioters to fire 
the warehouse b}' sending a man to tlie roof. To 
dislodge the incendiar}-, Lovejoy, witli two 
others, emerged from tlie building, wlien two or 
three men in concealment fired upon him, the 
shots taking effect in a vital part of his bod}', 
causing his death almost instantly. H& was 
buried the following daj' without an inquest. 
Several of the attacking party and the defenders 
of the building were tried for riot and acquitted 
— the former probably on account of popular 
sympatliy with the crime, and the latter because 
they were guiltless of any crime except that of 
defending private property and attempting to 
preserve the law. The act of firing the fatal 
shots has been charged upon two men — a Dr. 
Jennings and his comrade. Dr. Beall. The 
former, it is said, was afterwards cut to pieces in 
a bar-room fight in Vicksburg, Miss., while the 
latter, having been captured by Comanche 
Indians in Texas, was burned alive. On the 
other hand, Lovejoy has been honored as a 
martyr and the sentiments for which he died 
have triumphed. (See Lovejoy, Elijah Parish; 
also Alton Riots.) 

Carlin Succeeds to the Governorship. — 
Duncan was succeeded by Gov. Thomas Carlin. 
who was chosen at the election of 1838 over 
Cyrus Edwards (a younger brother of Gov. 
Ninian Edwards), who was the Whig candidate. 



264 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



The successful candidate for Lieutenant-Governor 
was Stinson H. Anderson of Jefferson County. 
(See Carlin, (Gov.) Thomas; Andeison, Stinson H.) 

Among the members of the Legislature chosen 
at this time we find the names of Orville H. 
Browning, Robert Blackwell, George Churchill, 
William G. Gatewood, Ebenezer Peck (of Cook 
County), William A. Richardson, Newton Cloud, 
Jnsse K. Dubois, O. B. Ficklin, Vital Jarrot, 
John Logan, William F. Thornton and Archibald 
Williams — all men of prominence in the subse- 
quent history of the State. This was the last 
Legislature that assembled at Vandalia, Spring- 
field becoming the capital, July 4, 1839. The 
corner-stone of the first State capitol at Spring- 
field was laid with imposing ceremonies, July 4, 
1837, Col. E. D. Baker delivering an eloquent 
address. Its estimated cost was §130,000, but 
S:i40,000 was expended upon it before its com- 
pletion. 

An incident of this campaign was the election 
to Congress, after a bitter struggle, of John T. 
Stuart over Stephen A. Douglas from the Third 
District, by a majority of fourteen votes. Stuart 
was re-elected in 1840, but in 1842 he was suc- 
ceeded, under a new apportionment, by Col. John 
J. Hardin, while Douglas, elected from the 
Quincy District, then entered the National Coun- 
cils for the first time. 

Field-McClernand Contest. — An exciting 
event connected with Carlin's administration was 
the attempt to remove Alexander P. Field from 
the office of Secretary of State, which he had 
held since 1828. Under the Constitution of 1818, 
this office was filled by nomination by the Gov- 
ernor "with the advice and consent of the 
Senate." Carlin nominated John A. McCler- 
nand to supersede Field, but the Senate refused to 
confirm the nomination. After adjournment of 
the Legislature, McClernand attempted to obtain 
possession of the office by writ of quo warranto. 
The Judge of a Circuit Court decided the case in 
his favor, but this decision was overruled by the 
Supreme Court. A special session having been 
called, in November, 1840, Stephen A. Douglas, 
then of Morgan County, was nominated and con- 
firmed Secretary of State, but held tlie position 
only a few months, wlieu he resigned to accept a 
place on the Supreme bench, being succeeded as 
Secretary by Lyman Trumbull. 

Supreme Court Revolutionized. — Certain 
decisions of some of the lower courts about this 
time, bearing upon the suffrage of aliens, excited 
the apprehension of the Democrats, who had 
heretofore been in political control of the State, 



and a movement was started in the Legislature 
to reorganize the Supreme Court, a majority of 
whom were W^higs. The Democrats were not 
unanimous in favor of the measure, but, after a 
bitter struggle, it was adopted, receiving a bare 
majority of one in the House. Under this act 
five additional Judges were elected, viz. : Thomas 
Ford, Sidney Breese, Walter B. Scales, Samuel 
H. Treat and Stephen A. Douglas — all Demo- 
crats. Mr. Ford, one of the new Judges, and 
afterwards Governor, has characterized this step 
as "a confessedly violent and somewhat revolu- 
tionary measure, which could never have suc- 
ceeded except in times of great party excite- 
ment." 

The great Whig mass-meeting at Springfield, 
in June, 1840, was an incident of the political 
campaign of that year. No such popular assem- 
blage had ever been seen in the State before. It 
is estimated that 20,000 people — nearly five per 
cent of the entire population of the State — were 
present, including a large delegation from Chi- 
cago who marched overland, under command of 
the late Maj.-Gen. David Hunter, bearing with 
them many devices so popular in that memorable 
campaign. 

Ford Elected Governor. — Judge Thomas 
Ford became the Democratic candidate for Gov- 
ernor in 1842, taking the place on the ticket of 
Col. Adam W. Snyder, who had died after nomi- 
nation. Ford was elected by more than 8,000 
majority over ex-Governor Duncan, the Whig 
candidate. John Moore, of McLean County (who 
had been a member of the Legislature for several 
terms and was afterwards State Treasurer), 
was elected Lieutenant-Governor. (See Ford, 
Thomas; Snyder, Ada7n W., and Moore, John.) 

Embarrassing Questions. — The failure of the 
State and the Shawneetown banks, near the close 
of Carlin's administration, had produced a condi- 
tion of business depression that was felt all over 
the State. At the beginning of Ford's adminis- 
tration, the State debt was estimated at §15,657,- 
950 — within about one million of the highest 
point it ever reached — while the total population 
was a little over half a million. In addition to 
these drawbacks, the Mormon question became a 
source of embarrassment. This people, after 
having been driven from Missouri, settled at 
Nauvoo, in Hancock County ; they increased 
rapidly in numbers, and, by the arrogant course 
of their leaders and their odious doctrines — 
especially with reference to "celestial marriage," 
and their assumptions of authority — aroused the 
bitter hostility of neighboring communities not 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



265 



of their faith. The popular indignation became 
greatly intensified by the course of unscrupulous 
politicians and the granting to the Mormons, by 
the Legislature, of certain charters and special 
privileges. Various charges were made against 
the obnoxious sect, including rioting, kidnap- 
ing, robbery, counterfeiting, etc., and the Gov- 
ernor called out the militia of the neighboring 
counties to preserve the peace. Joseph Smith — 
the founder of the sect — with his brother Hyrum 
and three others, were induced to surrender to 
the authorities at Carthage, on the 23d of June, 
1844, under promise of protection of their per- 
sons. Then the charge was changed to treason 
and they were thrown into jail, a guard of eight 
men being placed about the building. A con- 
siderable portion of the militia had disbanded and 
returned home, while others were openly hostile 
to the prisoners. On June 27 a band of 1.50 
disguised men attacked the jail, finding little 
opposition among those set to guard it. In 
the assault which followed both of the Smiths 
were killed, while John Taylor, another of 
the prisoners, was wounded. The trial of the 
murderers was a farce and they were acquitted. 
A state of virtual war continued for a year, 
in which Governor Ford's authority was openly 
defied or treated with contempt by those whom 
he had called upon to preserve the peace. In 
the fall of 1845 the Mormons agreed to leave 
the State, and tlie following spring the pilgrim- 
age to Salt Lake began. Gen. John J. Hardin, 
who afterward feU at Buena Vista, was twice 
called on by Governor Ford to head parties of 
militia to restore order, while Gen. Mason Bray- 
man conducted the negotiations which resulted 
in the promise of removal. The great body of 
the refugees spent the following winter at Coun- 
cil Bluffs, Iowa, arriving at Salt Lake in June 
following. Another considerable body entered 
the service of the Government to obtain safe con- 
duct and sustenance across the plains. While 
the conduct of the Mormons during their stay 
at Xauvoo was, no doubt, very irritating and 
often lawless, it is equally true that the dis- 
ordered condition of affairs was taken advantage 
of by unscrupulous demagogues for dishonest 
purposes, and this episode has left a stigma 
upon the name of more than one over-zealous anti- 
Mormon hero. (See Mormons: Smith, Joseph.) 

Though Governor Ford's integrity and ability 
in certain directions have not been questioned, 
his administration was not a successful one, 
largely on account of the conditions which pre- 
vailed at the time and the embarrassments which 



he met from his own party. (See Ford, Tliomas.) 
Mexican War. — A still more tragic chapter - 
opened during the last year of Ford's administra- 
tion, in the beginning of the war with Mexico. 
Three regiments of twelve months' volunteers, 
called for by the General Government from the 
State of Illinois, were furnished with alacrity, 
and many more men offered thoir services than 
could be accepted. The names of their respective 
commanders — Cols. John J. Hardin, William H. 
Bissell and Ferris Forman — have been accorded 
a high place in the annals of the State and the 
Nation. Hardin was of an honorable Kentucky 
family: he had achieved distinction at the bar 
and served in the State Legislature and in Con- 
gress, and his death on the battlefield of Buena 
Vista was universally deplored. (See Hardin, 
John J.) Bissell afterward served with distinc- 
tion in Congress and was the first Republican 
Governor of Illinois, elected in 1806. Edward D. 
Baker, then a Whig member of Congress, re- 
ceived authority to raise an additional regiment, 
and laid the foundation of a reputation as broad 
as the Nation. Two other regiments were raised 
in the State "for the war" during the next year, 
led respectivelj' by Col. Edward W. B. Newby and 
James Collins, beside four independent companies 
of mounted volunteers. The whole number of 
volunteers furnished by Illinois in tliis conflict 
was 6,123, of whom 86 were killed, and 182 
wounded, 12 dying of their wounds. Their loss 
in killed was greater than that of any other 
State, and the number of wounded only exceeded 
by those from South Carolina and Pennsylvania. 
Among other lUinoisans who participated in this 
struggle, were Thomas L. Harris, William A. 
Richardson, J. L. D. Morri.son, Murray F. Tuley 
and Charles C. P. Holden, while still others, 
either in the ranks or in subordinate positions, 
received the "baptism of fire" which prepared 
them to win distinction as commanders of corps, 
divisions, brigades and regiments during the War 
of the Rebellion, including such names as John 
A. Logan, Richard J. Oglesby, Benjamin M. 
Prentiss. James D. Morgan. W. H. L. Wallp^g 
(who fell at Pittsburg Landing), Stej^ign„f^„^ 
Hicks, Michael K. Lawler. Leonar4| l^r-Po^a 
Isham N. Haynie, TheophiIus„|^yi^) Piplc^x,,; 
Dudley Wickersham. Isaac C. f^^iii Tljt^im9,,|J[([ 
Flynn, J. P. Post, NathaijJBj|.?^'e^.!>V. il?. ^wjsia 
son, and others. (S§«,-1(p4:ifl(j»,j^f,'flr.,). i,.M,iwRp.si 
French's A DM»^9TnAT!«?^T>l4S§APB(EpRJiif,ifa?i,o 
—Except for> filift ,»fc«P)^<fav iW^r.jjijV^e^if ^Wi'^^i 
in progTfSSi WftiAQt** of .mf»l>,Ti«lWC^,,in,^)r|^iV, 
portA9Wflf.t}wi>tf4enTi?W»nw!iir)lffilTbaipfl ^fe 



2C6 



HISTOEICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



styled "regulators" in Pope and Massac Counties 
— the administration of Augustus C. French, 
which began with the close of the year 1846, was 
a quiet one. French was elected at the previous 
August election by a vote of 58,700 to 36,775 for 
Tliomas M. Kilpatrick, the Whig candidate, and 
5,113 for Ricliard Eels, the Free-Soil (or Aboli- 
tion) candidate. The Whigs lield their first State 
Convention this year for the nomination of a 
State ticket, xueeting at Peoria. At the same 
election Abraham Lincoln was elected to Con- 
gress, defeating Peter Cartwright, the famous 
pioneer Methodist preacher, wlio was the Demo- 
cratic candidate. At the session of the Legisla- 
ture which followed, Stephen A. Douglas was 
elected to the United States Senate as successor 
to James Semple. 

New Convention Movement. — Governor 
French was a native of New Hampshire, born 
August 2, 1808; he had practiced his profession 
as a lawyer in Crawford County, had been a 
member of the Tenth and Eleventh General 
Assemblies and Receiver of the Land Office at 
Palestine. The State had now begun to recover 
from the depression caused by the reverses of 
1837 and subsequent years, and for some time its 
growth in popvilation had been satisfactory. The 
old Constitution, however, had been felt to be a 
hampering influence, especially in dealing with 
the State debt, and, as early as 1843, the question 
of a State Convention to frame a new Constitu- 
tion had been submitted to popular vote, but was 
defeated by the narrow margin of 1,039 votes. 
The Legislature of 1844-45 adopted a resolution 
for resubmission, and at the election of 1846 it 
was approved by the people by a majority of 
35,326 in a total vote of 81,352. The State then 
contained ninety-nine counties, with an aggregate 
population of 663,150. The assessed valuation of 
property one year later was $92,206,493, while 
the State debt was §16,661,795 — or more than 
eighteen per cent of the entire assessed value of 
the property of the State. 

Constitutional Convention of 1847. —The 
election of members of a State Convention to 
form a second Constitution for the State of Illi- 
nois, was held April 19, 1847. Of one hundred 
and sixty-two members chosen, ninety-two were 
Democrats, leaving seventy members to all 
shades of the opposition. The Convention 
assembled at Springfield, June 7, 1847; it was 
organized by the election of Newton Cloud, Per- 
manent President, and concluded its labors after 
a session of nearly three months, adjourning 
August 31. The Constitution was submitted to 



a vote of the people, March 6, 1848, and was rati- 
fied by 59,887 votes in its favor to 15,859 against. 
A special article prohibiting free persons of color 
from settling in the State was adopted by 49,060 
votes for, to 20,883 against it; and another, pro- 
viding for a two-mill tax, by 41,017 for, to 30,586 
against. The Constitution went into effect April 
1, 1848. (See Constitutions; also Constitutional 
Convention of 1S47.) 

The provision imposing a special two-mill tax, 
to be applied to the payment of the State in- 
debtedness, was the means of restoring the State 
credit, while that prohibiting the immigration 
of free persons of color, though in accordance 
with the spirit of the times, brought upon the 
State much opprobrium and was repudiated 
with emphasis during the War of the Rebellion. 
The demand for retrenchment, caused by the 
financial depression following the wild legislation 
of 1837, led to the adoption of many radical pro- 
visions in the new Constitution, some of which 
were afterward found to be serious errors open- 
ing the way for grave abuses. Among these 
was the practical limitation of the biennial ses- 
sions of the General Assembly to forty-two days, 
while the per diem of members was fixed at two 
dollars. Tlie salaries of State officers were also 
fixed at what would now be recognized as an 
absurdly low figure, that of Governor being 
§1,500; Supreme Court Judges, §1,200 each; Cir- 
cuit Judges, §1,000; State Auditor, §1,000; Secre- 
tary of State, and State Treasurer, §800 each. 
Among less objectionable provisions were those 
restricting the right of suffrage to white male 
citizens above the age of 21 years, which excluded 
(except as to residents of the State at the time of 
the adoption of the Constitution) a class of 
unnaturalized foreigners who had exercised the 
privilege as "inhabitants" under the Constitu- 
tion of 1818; providing for the election of all 
State, judicial and county officers by popular 
vote; prohibiting the State from incurring in- 
debtedness in excess of §50,000 without a special 
vote of the people, or granting the credit of the 
State in aid of any individual association or cor- 
poration; fixing the date of the State election 
on the Tuesday after the first Monday in Novem- 
ber in every fourth year, instead of the first- 
Monday in August, as had been the rule under 
the old Constitution. The tenure of office of all 
State officers was fixed at four years, except that 
of State Treasurer, which was made two years, 
and the Governor alone was made ineligible to 
immediate re-election. The number of members 
of the General Assembly was fixed at twenty-five 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



267 



in the Senate and seventy-five in the House, 
subject to a certain specified ratio of in- 
crease when the population should exceed 
1,000,000. 

As the Constitution of 1818 had been modeled 
upon the form then most popular in the Southern 
States — especially with reference to the large 
number of officers made appointive by the Gov- 
ernor, or elective by the Legislature — so the new 
Constitution was, in some of its features, more in 
harmony with those of other Northern States, 
and indicated the growing influence of New Eng- 
land sentiment. This was especially the case 
with reference to the section providing for a sys- 
tem of township organization in the several 
counties of the State at the pleasure of a majority 
of the voters of each county. 

Elections of 1848. — Besides the election for 
the ratification of the State Constitution, three 
other State elections were held in 1848, viz.: (1) 
for the election of State officers in August ; (2) 
an election of Judges in September, and (3) the 
Presidential election in November. At the first 
of these. Governor French, whose first term had 
been cut short two j'ears by the adoption of the 
new Constitution, was re-elected for a second 
term, practically without opposition,, the vote 
against him being divided between Pierre Menard 
and Dr. C. V. Dyer. French thus became his 
own successor, being the first Illinois Governor 
to be re-elected, and, though two years of his 
first term had been cut off by the adoption of the 
Constitution, he served in the gubernatorial 
office six years. The other State officers elected, 
were William JIcMurtry, of Knox, Lieutenant- 
Governor; UoraceS. Cooley, of Adams, Secretary 
of State; Thomas II. Campbell, of Randolph, 
Auditor; and Milton Carpenter, of Hamilton, 
State Trea-surer — all Democrats, and all but 
McMurtry being their own succe.ssors. At the 
Presidential election in November, the electoral 
vote was given to Lewis Cass, the Democratic 
candidate, who received .50,300 votes, to .53,047 
for Taylor, the Whig candidate, and 1.5.774 for 
Martin Van Buren. the candidate of the Free 
Democracy or Free-Soil party. Thus, for the first 
time in tlie history of the State after 1824, the 
Democratic candidate for President failed to 
receive an absolute majority of the popular vote, 
being in a minority of 12,.52I, while having a 
plurality over the Whig candidate of 3,2.53. The 
only noteworthy results in the election of Con- 
gressmen this year were the election of Col. E. D. 
Baker (Whig), from the Galena District, and 
that of Maj. Thomas L. Harris (Democrat), from 



the Springfield District. Both Baker and Harris 
had been soldiers in the Jlexican War, which 
probably accounted for their election in Districts 
usually opposed to them politicallj'. The other 
five Congressmen elected from the State at the 
same time — including John Wentwortli, then 
chosen for a fourth term from the Chicago Dis- 
trict — were Democrats. The Judges elected to 
the Supreme bench vrere Lyman Trumbull, from 
the Southern Division ; Samuel H. Treat, from 
the Central, and John Dean Caton, from the 
Northern — all Democrats. 

A leading event of this session was the election 
of a United States Senator in place of Sidney 
Breese. Gen. James Shields, who had been 
severely wounded on the battle-field of Cerro 
Gordo; Sidney Breese, who had been the L^nited 
States Senator for six years, and John A. Mc- 
Clernand, then a member of Congress, were 
arrayed against each other before the Democratic 
caucus. After a bitter contest. Shields was 
declared the choice of his party an<l was finally 
elected. He did not immediately obtain his seat, 
however. On presentation of his credentials, 
after a heated controversy in Congre.ss and out of 
it, in which he injudiciously a.ssailed his prede- 
cessor in very intemperate language, he was 
declared ineligible on the ground that, being of 
foreign birth, the nine years of citizenship 
required by the Constitution after naturalization 
had not elapsed previous to his election. In 
October, following, the Legislature was called 
together in special session, and. Shields' disabil- 
ity having now been removed by the e.vpiration 
of the constitutional period, he was re-elected, 
though not without a renewal of the bitter con- 
test of the regular session. Another noteworthy 
event of this special session was the adoption of 
a joint resolution favoring the principles of the 
"Wilmot Proviso." Although this was rescinded 
at the next regular session, on the groiind that the 
points at issue had been settled in the Compro- 
mi.se measures of 1850, it indicated the drift of 
sentiment in Illinois toward opposition to the 
spread of the institution of slavery, and this was 
still more strongly emphasized by the election of 
Abraham Lincoln in 1860. 

Illinois Central Railroad. — Two important 
measures which passed the General Assemblj- at 
the session of 18.51, were the Free-Banking Law, 
and the act incorporating the Illinois Central 
Railroad Company. The credit of first suggest- 
ing this great thoroughfare has been claimed for 
William Smith Waite, a citizen of Bond County, 
111. , as early as 1833, although a special charter 



268 



HISTOEICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS 



for a road over a part of this line had been passed 
by the Legislature in 1834. W. K. Ackermau, in 
his "Historical Sketch" of the Illinois Central 
Railroad, awards the credit of originating this 
enterprise to Lieut. -Gov. Alexander JI. Jenkins, 
in the Legislature of 1832, of which he was a 
member, and Speaker of the House at the time. 
He afterwards became President of the first Illi- 
nois Central Railroad Company, organized under 
an act passed at the session of 1836, which pro- 
vided for the construction of a line from Cairo to 
Peru, 111., but resigned the next year on the sur- 
render by the road of its charter. The first step 
toward legislation in Congress on this subject 
■was taken in the introduction, by Senator Breese, 
of a bill in March, 18-13 ; but it was not until 1850 
that the measure took the form of a direct grant 
of lands to the State, finally passing the Senate 
in May, and the House in September, following. 
The act ceded to the State of Illinois, for the pur- 
pose of aiding in the construction of a line of 
railroad from the junction of the Ohio and Mis- 
sissippi, with branches to Chicago and Dubuque, 
Iowa, respectively, alternate sections of hind on 
each side of said railroad, aggregating 2,59.5,000 
acres, the length of the main line and branches 
exceeding seven hundred miles. An act incorpo- 
rating the Illinois Central Railroad Company 
passed the Illinois Legislature in February, 1851. 
The company was thereupon promptly organized 
with a number of New York capitalists at its 
head, including Robert Schuyler, George Gris- 
wold and Gouverneur Morris, and the grant was 
placed in the hands of trustees to be used for the 
purpose designated, under the pledge of the 
Company to build the road by July 4, 1854, and 
to pay seven per cent of its gross earnings into 
the State Treasury perpetually. A large propor- 
tion of the line was constructed through sections 
of country either sparsely settled or wholly 
unpopulated, but which have since become 
among the richest and most jjopulous portions of 
the State. The fund already received by the State 
from the road exceeds the amount of the State 
debt incurred under the internal improvement 
scheme of 1837. {See Illinois Central Railroad.) 
Election of 1852.— Joel A. Matteson (Demo- 
crat) was elected Governor at the November 
election, in 1852, receiving 80,645 votes to 64,405 
for Edwin B. Webb, Whig, and 8,800 for Dexter 
A. Knowlton, Free-Soil. The other State oiBcers 
elected, were Gustavus Kcerner, Lieutenant- 
Governor; Alexander Starne, Secretary of State; 
Thomas H. Campbell, Auditor; and John Moore, 
Treasurer. The Whig candidates for these 



offices, respectively, were James L. D. Morrison, 
Buckner S. Morris, Charles A. Betts and Francis 
Arenz. John A. Logan appeared among the new 
members of the House chosen at this election as 
a Representative from Jackson County; while 
Henry W^. Blodgett, since United States District 
Judge for the Northern District of Illinois, and 
late Counsel of the American Arbitrators of the 
Behring Sea Commission, was the only Free-Soil 
member, being the Representative from Lake 
Count}'. John Rej'nolds, who had been Gov- 
ernor, a Justice of the Supreme Court and Mem- 
ber of CongTess, was a member of the House and 
was elected Speaker. (See Webb, Edwin B.; 
Knoiolton. Dexter A. ; Koerner, Gustavus; Starne, 
Alexander; iloore, John; Morrison, James L. D.; 
Morris, Buckner S.; Arenz, Francis A.; Blodgett 
Henry W.) 

Reduction of State Debt Begins. — The 
State debt reached its maximum at the beginning 
of Matteson's administration, amounting to 
§16,724.177, of which §7,259.822 was canal debt. 
The State had now entered upon a new and pros- 
perous period, and, in the next four years, the 
debt was reduced by the sum of §4,564,840, 
leaving the amount outstanding, Jan. 1, 1857, 
§12,834,144. The three State institutions at 
Jacksonville — the Asylums for the Deaf and 
Dumb, the Blind and Insane — had been in suc- 
cessful operation several years, but now internal 
dissensions and dissatisfaction with their man- 
agement seriously interfered with their prosperity 
and finally led to revolutions which, for a time, 
impaired their usefulness. 

Kansas-Nebraska Excitement. — During Mat- 
teson's administration a period of political ex- 
citement began, caused by the introduction in 
the United States Senate, in January, 1854, by 
Senator Douglas, of Illinois, of the bill for the 
repeal of the Missouri Compromise — otherwise 
known as the Kansas-Nebraska Bill. Although 
this belongs rather to National history, the 
prominent part played in it by an Illinois states- 
man who had won applause three or four years 
before, by the servicfe he had performed in secur- 
ing the passage of the Illinois Central Railroad 
grant, and the effect which his course had in 
revolutionizing the politics of the State, justifies 
reference to it here. After a debate, almost 
unprecedented in bitterness, it became a law, 
May 30, 1854. The agitation in Illinois was 
intense. At Chicago, Douglas was practically 
denied a hearing. Going to Springfield, where 
the State Fair was in progress, during the first 
week of October, 1854, he made a speech in the 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



269 



State Capitol in his defense. This was replied to 
by Abraham Lincoln, then a private citizen, to 
whom Douglas made a rejoinder. Speeches were 
also made in criticism of Douglas' position by 
Judges Breese and Trumbull (both of whom had 
been prominent Democrats), and other Demo- 
cratic leaders were imderstood to be ready to 
as.';ail the champion of the Kansas-Nebraska Bill, 
though they afterwards reversed their position 
under partisan pressure and became supporters of 
the measure. The first State Convention of the 
opponents of the Nebraska Bill was held at the 
same time, but the attendance was small and the 
attempt to effect a permanent organization was 
not successful. At the session of the Nineteenth 
General Assembly, which met in January, fol- 
lowing, Lyman Trumbull was chosen the first 
Republican United States Senator from Illinois, 
in place of Oeneral Shields, whose term was about 
to expire. Trumbull was elected on tne tenth 
ballot, receiving fifty-one votes to forty-seven 
for Governor Matteson, though Lincoln had led 
on the Republican side at every previous ballot, 
and on the first had come within six votes of an 
election. Although he was then the choice of a 
large majority' of the opposition to the Demo- 
cratic caudiiiate, when Lincoln saw that the 
original supporters of Trumbull would not cast 
their votes for himself, he generously insisted 
that his friends should support his rival, thus 
determining the result. (See Matteson, Joel A.; 
TrumbiiU. Lyman, and Lincoln, Abraliam.) 

Decatur Editorial Coxventiox. — On Feb. 
22, 1856, occurred the convention of Anti-Neb- 
raska (Republican) editors at Decatur, which 
proved the first effective step in consolidating 
the opposition to the Kansas-Nebraiska Bill into a 
compact political organization. The main busi- 
ness of this convention consisted in the adoption 
of a series of resolutions defining the position of 
their authors on National questions — especially 
with reference to the institution of slavery — and 
appointing a State Convention to be held at 
Bloomington, May 29, following. A State Cen- 
tral Committee to represent the new party was 
also appointed at this convention. With two or 
three exceptions the Committeemen accepted and 
joined in the call for the State Convention, which 
was held at the time designated, when the first 
Republican State ticket was put in the field. 
Among the distinguished men who participated 
in this Convention were Abraham Lincoln, O. II. 
Browning, Richard Yates. Owen Lovejoy. John 
M. Palmer, Isaac N. Arnold and John Went 
worth. Palmer presided, while Abraham Lin- 



coln, who was one of the chief speakers, was one 
of the delegates appointed to the National Con- 
vention, held at Philadelphia on the 17th of June. 
The candidates put in nomination for State offices 
were: William II. Bissell for Governor; Francis 
A. Hoffman for Lieutenant-Governor (afterward 
replaced by John Wood on account of Hoffman's 
ineligibility); Ozias M. Hatch for Secretary of 
State; Jes.se K. Dubois for Auditor; James H. 
Miller for State Treasurer, and William H. Powell 
for Superintendent of Public Instruction. The 
Democratic ticket was composed of William A. 
Richardson for Governor; R. J. Hamilton, Lieu- 
tenant-Governor; W. H. Snyder, Secretary of 
State; S. K. Casey, Auditor; John Moore, Treas- 
urer, and J. H. St. Matthew, Superintendent of 
Public Instruction. The American organization 
also nominated a ticket headed by Buckner S. 
Morris for Governor. Although the Democrats 
carried the State for Buchanan, their candidate 
for President, by a plurality of 9, 159, the entire 
Republican State ticket was elected by pluralities 
ranging from 3,081 to 20,213— the latter being the 
majority for Miller, candidate for State Treas- 
urer, whose name was on both the Republican and 
American tickets. (See AntiXebraska Editorial 
Convention, and Bloomington Convention of 
1S5G.) 

Admixistratiox of Governor Bissell. — 
With the inauguration of Governor Bissell, the 
Republican party entered upon the control of the 
State Government, which was maintained with- 
out interruption until the close of the administra- 
tion of Governor Fifer, in January, 1893— a period 
of thirty-six years. On account of physical disa- 
bility Bissell's inauguration took place in the 
executive mansion, Jan. 12, 1857. He was 
immediately made the object of virulent personal 
abuse in the House, being charged with perjury 
in taking the oath of office in face of the fact 
that, while a member of Congress, he had accepted 
a challenge to fight a duel with Jefferson Davis. 
To this, the reply was made that the offense 
charged took place outside of the State and be- 
yond the legal jurisdiction of the Constitution of 
Illinois. (See Bis.scH, William IL) 

While the State continued to prosjier under 
Bissell's administration, the most important 
events of this period related rather to general 
than to State policy. One of these was the deliv- 
ery by Abraham Lincoln, in the Hall of Repre- 
sentatives, on the evening of June 17. 18,58, of the 
celebrated speech in which he announced the 
doctrine that "a house divided against itself can- 
not stand." This was followed during the next 



370 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



few months by the series of memorable debates 
between those two great champions of their 
respective parties — Lincoln and Douglas — which 
attracted the attention of the whole land. The 
result was the re-election of Douglas to the 
United States Senate for a third term, but it 
also made Abraham Lincoln President of the 
United States. (See Lincoln and Douglas 
Debates. ) 

About the middle of Bissell's term (February, 
1859), came the discovery of what has since been 
known as the celebrated "Canal Scrip Fraud." 
This consisted in the fraudulent funding in State 
bonds of a large amount of State scrip which liad 
been issued for temporary purposes during the 
construction of the Illinois and Michigan Canal, 
but which had been subsequently redeemed. A 
legislative investigation proved the amount ille- 
gally funded to have been .?323,183, and that the 
bulk of the bonds issued therefor — so far as they 
could be traced — had been delivered to ex-Gov. 
Joel A. Matteson. For this amount, with ac- 
crued interest, he gave to the State an indemnity 
bond, secured by real-estate mortgages, from 
which the State eventually realized $238,000 out 
of §255,000 then due. Further investigation 
proved additional frauds of like character, aggre- 
gating S165,346, which the State never recovered. 
An attempt was made to prosecute Matteson 
criminally in the Sangamon County Circuit 
Court, but the grand jury failed, by a close vote, 
to find an indictment against him. (See Canal 
Scri}) Fra ud. ) 

An attempt was made during Bissell's adminis- 
tration to secure the refunding (at par and in 
violation of an existing law) of one hundred and 
fourteen §1,000 bonds hypothecated with Macalis- 
ter & Stebbins of New York in 1841, and for 
which the State had received an insignificant 
consideration. The error was discovered when 
new bonds for the principal had been issued, but 
the process was immediately stopped and the 
new bonds surrendered — the claimants being 
limited by law to 28.64 cents on the dollar. This 
subject is treated at length elsewhere in this vol- 
ume. (See Macalister & Stebbins Bonds. ) Governor 
Bissell's administration was otherwise unevent- 
ful, although the State continued to prosper 
under it as it had not done since the "internal 
improvement craze" of 1837 had resulted in im- 
posing such a burden of debt upon it. At the 
time of his election Governor Bissell was an 
invalid in con.sequence of an injury to his spine, 
from which he never recovered. He died in 
ofllce, March 18, 1860, a little over two months 



after having entered upon the last year of his 
term of office, and was succeeded by Lieut. -Gov. 
John Wood, who served out the unexpired term. 
(See Bissell, William H. ; also TT'ood, John. ) 

Political Campaign of I860.— The political 
campaign of 1860 was one of unparalleled excite- 
ment throughout the nation, but especially in 
Illinois, which became, in a certain sense, the 
chief battle-ground, furnishing the successful 
candidate for the Presidency, as well as being the 
State in which the convention which nominated 
him met. The Republican State Convention, 
held at Decatur, Jlay 9, put in nomination 
Richard Yates of Morgan County, for Governor; 
Francis A. Hoffman for Lieutenant-Governor, 
O. M. Hatch for Secretary of State, Jesse K. 
Dubois for Auditor, William Butler for Treasurer, 
and Newton Bateman for Superintendent of Pub- 
lic Instruction. If this campaign was memorable 
for its excitement, it was also memorable for the 
large number of National and State tickets in the 
field. The National Republican Convention 
assembled at Chicago, May 16, and, on the third 
ballot, Abraham Lincoln was nominated for 
President amid a whirlwind of enthusiasm unsur- 
passed in the history of National Conventions, of 
which so many have been held in the "conven- 
tion city" of the Northwest. The campaign was 
what might have been expected from such a 
beginning. Lincoln, though receiving consider- 
ably less than one-half the popular vote, had a 
plurality over his highest competitor of nearly 
half a million votes, and a majority in the elect- 
oral colleges of fifty-seven. In Illinois he 
received 172,161 votes to 160,215 for Douglas, his 
leading opponent. The vote for Governor stood : 
Yates (Republican), 172,196; Allen (Douglas- 
Democrat), 159,253; Hope (BreckinridgeDemo- 
crat), 2,049; Stuart (American), 1,626. 

Among the prominent men of different parties 
who appeared for the first time in the General 
Assembly chosen at this time, were William B. 
Ogden, Richard J. Oglesby, Washington Bushnell, 
and Henry E. Dummer, of the Senate, and Wil- 
liam R. Archer, J. Russell Jones, Robert H. 
McClellan, J. Young Scammon, William H. 
Brown, Lawrence Weldon, N. M. Broadwell, and 
John Scholfield, in the House. Shelby M. Cul- 
lom, who had entered the Legislature at the 
previous session, was re-elected to this and was 
chosen Speaker of the House over J. W. Single- 
ton. Lyman Trumbull was re-elected to the 
United States Senate by the votes of the Repub- 
licans over Samuel S. Marshall, the Democratic 
candidate. 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



271 



Beginning of the Rebellion. — Almost simul- 
taneously with the accession of the new State 
Government, and before the inauguration of the 
President at Washington, began that series of 
startling events which ultimately culminated in 
the attempted secession of eleven States of the 
Union — the first acts in the great drama of war 
which occupied the attention of the world for the 
next four years. On Jan. 14, 1861, tlie new 
State administration was inaugurated; on Feb. 2, 
Commissioners to the futile Peace Conven- 
tion held at Washington, were appointed from 
Illinois, consisting of Stephen T. Logan, John M. 
Palmer, ex-Gov. John Wood, B. C. Cook and T. J. 
Turner; and on Feb. 11, Abraham Lincoln 
took leave of his friends and neighbors at Spring- 
field on his departure for Washington, in that 
simple, touching speech which has taken a place 
beside his inaugural addresses and his Gettysburg 
speech, as an American classic. The events 
which followed; the firing on Fort Sumter on the 
twelfth of April and its surrender; the call for 
75,000 troops and the excitement which prevailed 
all over the country, are matters of National his- 
tory. lUinoisans responded with promptness and 
enthusiasm to the call for six regiments of State 
militia for three months' service, and one week 
later (April 21), Gen. R. K. Swift, of Chicago, at 
the head of seven companies numbering 595 men, 
was en route for Cairo to execute the order of the 
Secretary of War for the occupation of that 
place. The ofTer of military organizations pro- 
ceeded rapidly, and by tlie eighteenth of April, 
fifty companies had been tendered, while the 
public-spirited and patriotic bankers of the prin- 
cipal cities were offering to supply the State with 
money to arm and equip the hastily organized 
troops. Following in order the six regiments 
which Illinois had sent to the Mexican War, 
those called out for the three months' service in 
1861 were numbered consecutively from seven to 
twelve, and were commanded by the following 
officers, respectively; Cols. John Cook, Richard 
J. Oglesby, Eleazer A. Paine, James D. Morgan, 
W. H. L. Wallace and John McArthur, with 
Gen. Benjamin M. Prentiss as brigade com- 
mander. The rank and file numbered 4,680 men, 
of whom 2,000, at the end of their term of serv- 
ice, re-enlisted for three years. (See War of Vie 
Rebellion. ) 

Among the many who visited the State Capitol 
in the early months of war to offer their services 
to the Government in suppressing the Rebellion, 
one of the most modest and unassuming was a 
gentleman from Galena who brought a letter of 



introduction to Governor Yates from Congress- 
man E. B. Washburne. Though he had been a 
Captain in the regular army and had seen service 
in the war with Mexico, he set up no pretension 
on that account, but after days of patient wait- 
ing, was given temporary employment as a clerk 
in the office of the Adjutant-General, Col. T. S. 
Mather. Finally, an emergency having arisen 
requiring the services of an officer of military 
experience as commandant at Camp Yates (a 
camp of rendezvous and instruction near .Spring- 
field), he was assigned to the place, rather as an 
experiment and from necessity than from convic- 
tion of any peculiar fitness for the position. 
Having acquitted himself creditably here, he was 
assigned, a few weeks later, to the command of a 
regiment (The Twentj'-first Illinois Volunteers) 
which, from previous bad management, had 
manifested a mutinous tendency. And thus 
Ulysses S. Grant, the most successful leader of 
the war, the organizer of final victory over the 
Rebellion, the Lieutenant-General of the armies 
of the Union and twice elected President of the 
United States, started upon that career which 
won for him the plaudits of the Nation and the 
title of the grandest soldier of his time. (See 
Grant, Ulysses S.) 

The responses of Illinois, under the leadership 
of its patriotic "War Governor," Richard Yates, 
to the repeated calls for volunteers through the 
four years of war, were cheerful and prompt. Illi- 
nois troops took part in nearly every important 
battle in the Mississippi Valley and in many of 
those in the East, besides accompanying Sher- 
man in his triumphal "March to the Sea." Illi- 
nois blood stained the field at Belmont, at 
Wilson's Creek, Lexington, Forts Donelson and 
Henry; at Shiloh, Corinth, Na-shville, Stone River 
and Chickamauga; at Jackson, during the siege 
of Vicksburg, at AUatoona Pass, Kenesaw Moun- 
tain, Resaca, Peach Tree Creek and Atlanta, in 
the South and West; and at Chancellorsville, 
Antietam, Gettysburg, Petersburg and in the 
battles of "the Wilderness" in Virginia. Of all 
the States of tlie Union, Illinois alone, up to 
Feb. 1, 1864, presented the proud record of hav- 
ing answered every call upon her for troops 
without a draft. The whole number of enlist- 
ments from the State under the various calls from 
1861 to 1865, according to the records of the War 
Department, was 255,057 to meet quotas aggre- 
gating 244,496. The ratio of troops furnished to 
population was 15.1 per cent, which was only 
exceeded by the District of Columbia (which 
had a large influx from the States), and Kan . sa 8 



272 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



and Nevada, each of which had a much larger 
proportion of adult male population. The whole 
number of regimental organizations, according 
to the returns in the Adjutant General's office, 
was 151 regiments of infantry (numbered con- 
secutively from the Sixth to the One Hundred 
and Fifty-seventh), 17 regiments of cavalry and 3 
regiments of artillery, besides 9 independent bat- 
teries. Tlie total losses of Illinois troops, officially 
reported by the War Department, were 34,834 
(13.65 per cent), of which 5,874 were killed in 
battle, 4,020 died of wounds, 22,786 died of disease, 
and 2,1.54 from other causes. Besides the great 
Commander-in-Chief, Abraham Lincoln, and 
Lieut. -Gen. Ulysses S. Grant, Illinois furnished 
11 full Major-Generals of volunteers, viz. : 
Generals John Pope, John A. McClernand, S. A. 
Hurlbut, B. M. Prentiss, John M. Palmer, R. J. 
Oglesby, John A. Logan, John M. Schofield, Giles 
A. Smith, Wesley Merritt and Benjamin H. 
Grierson ; 20 Brevet Major-Generals ; 24 Brigadier- 
Generals, and over 120 Brevet Brigadier-Generals. 
(See sketches of these officers under their respec- 
tive names. ) Among the long list of regimental 
officers who fell upon the field or died from 
wounds, appear the names of Col. J. R. Scott of 
the Nineteenth ; Col. Thomas D. Williams of the 
Twenty-fifth, and Col. F. A. Harrington of the 
Twenty -seventh — all killed at Stone River; Col. 
John W. S. Ale.xander of the Twenty-first; Col. 
Daniel Gilmer of the Thirty-eighth; Lieut.-Col. 
Duncan J. Hall of the Eighty -ninth ; Col. Timothy 
O'Meara of the Ninetieth, and Col. Holden Put- 
nam, at Chickamauga and Missionary Ridge; 
Col. John B. Wyman of tlie Thirteenth, at 
Chickasaw Bayou; Lieut.-Col. Thomas W, Ross, 
of the Thirty -second, at Shiloh; Col. John A. 
Davis of tlie Forty-sixth, at Hatchie; Col. Wil- 
liam A. Dickerman of the One Hundred and 
Third, at Resaca; Col. Oscar Harmon, at Kene- 
saw; Col. John A. Bross, at Petersburg, besides 
Col. Mihalotzy, Col. Silas Miller, Lieut.-Col. 
Melancthou Smith, Maj. Zenas Applington, Col. 
John J. Mudd, Col. Matthew H. Starr, Maj. Wm. 
H. Medill, Col. Warren Stewart and many more 
on other battle-fields. (Biographical sketches of 
many of these officers will be found under the 
proper heads elsewhere in this volume.) It 
would be a grateful task to record here the names 
of a host of others, who, after acquitting them- 
selves bravely on the field, survived to enjoy the 
plaudits of a grateful people, were this within 
the design and scope of the present work. One 
of the most brilliant exploits of the War was the 
raid from La Grange, Tenn., to Baton Rouge, 



La., in May, 1863, led by Col. B. H. Grierson, of 
the Sixth Illinois Cavalry, in co-operation with 
the Seventh under command of Col. Edward 
Prince. 

CONSTITUTION.\L CONVENTION OF 1862. — An 

incident of a different character was the calling 
of a convention to revise the State Constitu- 
tion, which met at Springfield, Jan. 7, 1862. A 
majority of this body was composed of those 
opposed to the war policy of the Government, 
and a disposition to interfere with the affairs of 
the State administration and the General Gov- 
ernment was soon manifested, which was resented 
by the executive and many of the soldiers in the 
field. The convention adjourned March 24, and 
its work was submitted to vote of the people, 
June 17, 1862, when it was rejected bj' a majority 
of more than 16,000, not counting the soldiers in 
the field, who were permitted, as a matter of 
policy, to vote upon it, but who were practically 
unanimous in opposition to it. 

Death of Douglas. — A few days before this 
election (June 3, 1802), United States Senator 
Stephen A. Douglas died, at the Tremont House 
in Chicago, depriving the Democratic party of 
the State of its most sagacious and patriotic 
adviser. (See Douglas, Stephen A. ) 

Legislature of 1863. — Another political inci- 
dent of this period grew out of the session of the 
General Assembly of 1863. This body having 
been elected on the tide of the political revulsion 
which followed the issuance of President Lin- 
coln's preliminary Proclamation of Emancipation, 
was Democratic in both branches. One of its 
first acts was the election of William A. Richard- 
son United States Senator, in place of O. H. 
Browning, who had been appointed by Governor 
Yates to the vacancy caused by the death of 
Douglas. This Legislature early showed a tend- 
ency to follow in the footsteps of the Constitu- 
tional Convention of 1862, by attempting to 
cripple the State and General Governments in 
the prosecution of the war. Resolutions on the 
subject of the war, which the friends of the 
Union regarded as of a most mischievous charac- 
ter, were introduced and passed in the House, but 
owing to the death of a member on the majority 
side, they failed to pass the Senate. These 
denounced the suspension of the writ of habeas 
corpus; condemned "the attempted enforcement 
of compensated emancipation" and "the transpor- 
tation of negroes into the State;" accused the 
General Government of "usurpation," of "sub- 
verting the Constitution" and attempting to 
establish a "consolidated military despotism;" 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



273 



charged that the war had been "diverted from its 
first avowed object to that of subjugation and 
the abolition of slavery;" declared the belief of 
the authors that its "further prosecution .... 
cannot result in the restoration of the Union 
.... unless the President's Emancipation Proc- 
lamation be withdrawn;" appealed to Congress 
to secure an armistice with the rebel States, and 
closed by appointing six Commissioners (who 
were named) to confer with Congress, with a 
view to the holding of a National Convention to 
adjust the differences between the States. These 
measures occupied the attention of the Legisla- 
ture to the exclusion of subjects of State interest, 
so that little legislation was accomplished — not 
even the ordinary appropriation bills being passed. 

Legislature Prorogued.— At this juncture, 
the two Houses having disagreed as to the date 
of adjournment. Governor Yates exercised the 
constitutional prerogative of proroguing them, 
which he did in a message on June 10, declaring 
them adjourned to the last day of their constitu- 
tional term. The Republicans accepted the result 
and withdrew, but the Democratic majority in 
the House and a minority in the Senate continued 
in session for some daj-s, without being able to 
transact any business except the filing of an 
empty protest, when they adjourned to the flr.st 
Monday of January, 1864. The excitement pro- 
duceil by this affair, in the Legislature and 
throughout the State, was intense ; but the action 
of Governor Yates was sustained by the Supreme 
Court and the adjourned session was never held. 
Tlie failure of the Legislature to make provision 
for the expenses of the State Government and the 
relief of the soldiers in the field, made it neces- 
sary for Governor Yates to accept that aid from 
the public-spirited bankers and capitalists of the 
State which was never wanting when needed 
during this critical period. (See Twenty-Third 
General Assembly.) 

Pe.\ce Conventions.— Largely attended "peace 
conventions" were held during this year, at 
Springfield on June 17, and at Peoria in Sejitem- 
ber, at which resolutions opposing the "further 
offensive prosecution of the war" were adopted. 
An immense Union mass-meeting was also held 
at Springfield on Sept. 3, which was addressed 
by distinguished speakers, including both Re- 
publicans and War-Democrats. An important 
incident of this meeting was the reading of the 
letter from President Lincoln to Hon. James C. 
Conkling, in which he defended his war policy, 
and especially his Emancipation Proclamation, 
in a characteristically logical manner. 



Political Campaign of ISO-l— The year 1864 
was full of exciting political and military events. 
Among the former was tlie nomination of George 
B. McClellan for President by the Democratic Con- 
vention held at Chicago, August 29, on a platform 
declaring the wara "failure" as an "experiment" 
for restoring the Union, and demanding a "cessa- 
tion of hostilities" with a view to a convention for 
the restoration of peace. Mr. Lincoln had been 
renominated by the Republicans at Philadeli)hia, 
in June previous, with Andrew Johnson as the 
candidate for Vice-President. The leaders of the 
respective State tickets were Gen. Richard J. 
Oglesby, on the part of the Republicans, for Gov- 
ernor, with William Bross, for Lieutenant-Gov- 
ernor, and James C. Robinson as the Democratic 
candidate for Governor. 

Camp Douglas Conspiracy. — For months 
rumors had been rife concerning a conspiracy of 
rebels from the South and their sympathizers in 
the North, to release the rebel prisoners confined 
in Camp Douglas, Chicago, and at Rock Island, 
Springfield and Alton — aggregating over 25,000 
men. It was charged that the scheme was to be 
put into effect simultaneously with the Novem- 
ber election, but the activity of the military 
authorities in arresting the leaders and seizing 
their arms, defeated it. The investigations of a 
military court before whom a number of the 
arrested parties were tried, proved the existence 
of an extensive organization, calling itself 
"American Knights" or "Sons of Liberty," of 
which a number of well-known politicians in 
Illinois were members. (See Camp Douglas 
Conspiracy.) 

At the November election Illinois gave a major- 
ity for Lincoln of 30,T.")6, and for Oglesby, for 
Governor, of 33,07.5, with a proportionate major 
ity for the rest of the ticket. Lincoln's total vote 
in the electoral college was 2 13, to 2 1 for McClellan. 

Leoisl.\ture of 1805. — The Republicans had a 
decided majority in both branches of the Legis- 
lature of 181)5, and one of its earliest acts was the 
election of Governor Yates, United States Sena- 
tor, in place of William A. Richardson, who had 
been elected two years before to the seat formerly 
held by Douglas. This was the last public posi- 
tion held by the popular Illinois "War Gov- 
ernor." During his official term no more popular 
public servant ever occupied the executive chair 
— a fact demonstrated by the promptness with 
which, on retiring from it, he was elected to the 
United States Senate. His personal and political 
integrity was never questioned by his most bitter 
political opponents, while those who had known 



274 



HISTOKICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



him longest and most intimately, trusted him 
most implicitly. The service which he performed 
in giving direction to the patriotic sentiment of 
the State and in marshaling its heroic soldiers 
for the defense of the Union can never be over- 
estimated. (See Yates, Richard.) 

Oglesby's Administration. — Governor Ogles- 
by and the other State officers were inaugu- 
rated Jan. 17, 1865. Entering upon its duties 
with a Legislature in full sympathy with it, the 
new administration was confronted by no such 
difficulties as those with which its predecessor 
had to contend. Its head, who had been identi- 
fied with the war from its beginning, was one of 
the first lUinoisans promoted to the rank of 
Major-General, was personally popular and 
enjoyed the confidence and respect of the people 
of the State. Allen C. Fuller, who had retired 
from a position on the Circuit bench to accept 
that of Adjutant-General, which he held during 
the last three years of the war, was Speaker of 
the House. This Legislature was the first among 
those of all the States to ratify the Thirteenth 
Amendment of the National Constitution, aboUsh- 
ing slavery, which it did in both Houses, on the 
evening of Feb. 1, 186.5 — the same day the resolu- 
tion had been finally acted on by Congress and 
received the sanction of the President. The 
odious "black laws," which had disgraced the 
State for twelve years, were wiped from the 
statute-book at this session. The Legislature 
adjourned after a session of forty-six days, leav- 
ing a record as creditable in the disposal of busi- 
ness as that of its predecessor had been discredit- 
able. (See Oglesby, Richard J.) 

Assassination op Lincoln. — The war was now 
rapidly approaching a successful termination. 
Lee had surrendered to Grant at Appomattox, 
April 9, 1865, and the people were celebrating 
this event with joyful festivities through all tlie 
loyal States, but nowhere with more enthusiasm 
than in Illinois, the home of the two great 
leaders — Lincoln and Grant. In the midst of 
these jubilations came the assassination of Presi- 
dent Lincoln by Jolm Wilkes Booth, on the 
evening of April 14, 1865, in Ford"s Theater, 
"Washington. The appalling news was borne on 
the wings of the telegrapli to every corner of the 
land, and instantly a nation in rejoicing was 
changed to a nation in mourning. A pall of 
gloom hung over every part of the land. Public 
buildings, business houses and dwellings in every 
city, village and hamlet throughout the loyal 
States were draped with the insignia of a univer- 
sal sorrow. Millions of strong men, and tender. 



patriotic women who had given their husbands, 
sons and brothers for the defense of the Union, 
wept as if overtaken by a great personal calam- 
ity. If the nation mourned, much more did Illi- 
nois, at the taking off of its chief citizen, the 
grandest character of the age, who had served 
both State and Nation with such patriotic fidel- 
it}', and perished in the very zenith of his fame 
and in the hour of his country's triumph. 

The Funeral. — Then came the sorrowful 
march of the funeral cortege from Washington 
to Springfield — the most impressive spectacle 
witnessed since the Day of the Crucifixion. In 
all this, Illinois bore a conspicuous part, as on the 
fourth day of May, 1865, amid the most solemn 
ceremonies and in the presence of sorrowing 
thoasands, she received to her bosom, near his 
old home at the State Capital, the remains of the 
Great Liberator. 

The part which IlUnois played in the great 
struggle has already been dwelt upon as fully as 
the scope of this work will permit. It only 
remains to be said that the patriotic service of 
the men of the State was grandly supplemented 
by the equally patriotic service of its women in 
"Soldiers' Aid Societies," "Sisters of the Good 
Samaritan," "Needle Pickets," and in sanitary 
organizations for the purpose of contributing to 
the comfort and health of the soldiers in camp 
and in hospital, and in giving them generous 
receptions on their return to their homes. The 
work done by these organizations, and by indi- 
vidual nurses in the field, illustrates one of the 
brightest pages in the history of the war. 

Election op 1866. — The administration of Gov- 
ernor Oglesby was as peaceful as it was prosper- 
ous. The chief political events of 1866 were the 
election of Newton Bateman, State Superintend- 
ent of Public Instruction, and Gen. Geo. W. 
Smith, Treasurer, while Gen. John A. Logan, as 
Representative from the State-at- large, re-entered 
Congress, from which he had retired in 1861 to 
enter the Union army. His majority was im- 
precedented, reaching 55,987. The Legislature 
of 1867 re elected Judge Trumbull to the United 
States Senate for a third term, his chief competi- 
tor in the Republican caucus being Gen. John M. 
Palmer. The Fourteenth Amendment to the 
National Constitution, conferring citizenship 
upon persons of color, was ratified by this Legis- 
lature. 

Election of 1868. — The Republican State Con- 
vention of 1868, held at Peoria, May 6, nominated 
the following ticket: For Governor, John M. 
Palmer, Lieutenant-Governor, John Dougherty; 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



275 



Secretary of State, Edward Rummell; Auditor, 
Charles E. Lippincott, State Treasurer, Erastus N. 
Bates; Attorney General. Washington Bushnell. 
Jolin R. Eden, afterward a member of Congress 
for three terms, lieaded tlie Democratic ticket as 
candidate for Governor, with William H. Van 
Epps for Lieutenant-Governor. 

The Republican National Convention was held 
at Chicago, May 21, nominating Gen. U. S. Grant 
for President and Schuyler Colfax for Vice- 
President. They were oppo-sed by Horatio 
Seymour for President, and F. P. Blair for Vice- 
President. The result in November was the 
election of Grant and Colfax, who received 214 
electoral votes from 26 States, to 80 electoral 
votes for Seymour and Blair from 8 States — three 
States not voting. Grant's majority in Illinois 
was 51.150. Of course the Republican State 
ticket was elected. The Legislature elected at 
the same time consisted of eighteen Republicans 
to nine Democrats in the Senate and fifty-eight 
Republicans to twenty-seven Democrats in the 
House. 

Palmer's Administration. — Governor Palm- 
er's administration began auspiciously, at a time 
when the pas.sions aroused by the war were sub- 
siding and the State was recovering its normal 
prosperity. (See Palmer, John M.) Leading 
events of the next four years were the adoption 
of a new State Constitution and the Chicago fire. 
The first steps in legislation looking to the con- 
trol of railroads were taken at the session of 

1869, and although a stringent law on the subject 
passed both Houses, it was vetoed by the Gov- 
ernor. A milder measure was afterward enacted, 
and, although superseded by the Constitution of 

1870, it furnished tlie kej'-note for much of the 
legislation since had on the subject. The cele- 
brated "Lake Front Bill," conveying to the city 
of Chicago and the Illinois Central Railroad the 
title of the State to certain lands included in 
what was known as the "Lake Front Park," was 
passed, and although vetoed by the Governor, 
was re-enacted over his veto. This act was 
finally repealed by the Legislature of 1873, and 
after many years of litigation, the rights claimed 
under it by the Illinois Central Railroad Com- 
pany have been recently declared void by the 
Supreme Court of the United States. The Fif- 
teenth Amendment of the National Constitution, 
prohibiting the denial of the right of suffrage to 
"citizens of the United States .... on account 
of race, color or previous condition of servitude," 
was ratified by a strictly party vote in each 
House, on March 5. 



The first step toward the erection of a new 
State Capitol at Springfield had been taken in an 
appropriation of $450,000, at tho session of 1867, 
the total cost being limited to §3,000,000. A 
second appropriation of §650,000 was made at the 
session of 1869. The Constitution of 1870 limited 
the cost to $3,500,000, but an act passed by the 
Legislature of 1883, making a final appropriation 
of 1531,712 for completing and furnishing the 
building, was ratified by the people in 1884. The 
original cost of the building and its furniture 
exceeded §4,000,000. (See State Houses. ) 

The State Convention for framing a new Con- 
stitution met at Springfield, Dec. 13, 1809. 
It consisted of eighty-five members — forty-four 
Republicans and forty-one Democrats. A num- 
ber classed as Republicans, however, were elected 
as "Independents" and co-operated with the 
Democrats in the organization. Charles Hitch- 
cock was elected President. The Convention 
terminated its labors, May 13, 1870; the Constitu- 
tion was ratified by vote of the people, July 2, 
and went into effect, August 8, 1870. A special 
provision establishing the principle of "minority 
representation" in tlie election of Representatives 
in the General Assembly, was adopted by a 
smaller vote than the main instrument. A lead- 
ing feature of the latter was the general restric- 
tion upon special legislation and the enumeration 
of a large variety of subjects to be provided for 
under general laws. It laid the basis of our 
present railroad and warehouse laws; declared 
the inviolability of the Illinois Central Railroad 
tax; prohibited the sale or lease of the Illinois 
& Michigan Canal without a vote of the people; 
prohibited municipalities from becoming sub- 
scribers to the stock of any railroad or private 
corporation; limited the rate of taxation and 
amount of indebtedness to be inciirred ; required 
the enactment of laws for the protection of 
miners, etc. The restriction in the old Constitu- 
tion against the re-election of a Governor as his 
own immediate successor was removed, but placed 
upon the office of State Treasurer. The Legisla- 
ture consists of 204 members— 51 Senators and 153 
Representatives — one Senator and three Repre- 
sentatives being chosen from each district. (See 
Constitutional Convention of 1SG9-70; also Con- 
stitution of 1S70. ) 

At the election of 1870, General Logan waa re- 
elected Congressman-at-large by 24,672 majority; 
CJen. E. N. Bates, Treasurer, and Newton Bate- 
man, State Superintendent of Public Instruction. 

Leoisl.vtuke op 1871.— The Twenty-seventh 
General Assembly (1871), in its various sessions, 



276 



HISTOKICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



spent more time in legislation than any other in 
the history of the State — a fact to be accounted 
for, in part, by the Chicago Fire and the exten- 
sive revision of the laws required in consequence 
of the adoption of the new Constitution. Besides 
the regular session, there were two special, or 
called, sessions and an adjourned session, cover- 
ing, in all, a period of 292 days. This Legislature 
adopted the system of "State control" in the 
management of the labor and discipline of the 
convicts of the State penitentiary, which was 
strongly urged by Governor Palmer in a special 
message. General Logan having been elected 
United States Senator at this session, Gen. John 
L. Beveridge was elected to the vacant position 
of Congressman-at-large at a special election held 
Oct. 4. 

Chicago Fire of 1871. — The calamitous fire 
at Chicago, Oct. 8-9, 1871, though belonging 
rather to local than to general State history, 
excited the profound sympathy, not only of the 
people of the State and the Nation, but of the 
civilized world. The area burned over, including 
streets, covered 2,124 acres, with 13,500 buildings 
out of 18,000, leaving 92,000 persons homeless. 
The loss of l:fe is estimated at 250, and of prop- 
erty at $187,927,000. Governor Palmer called the 
Legislature together in special session to act upon 
the emergency, Oct. 13, but as the State was pre- 
cluded from affording direct aid, the plan was 
adopted of reimbursing the city for the amount 
it had expended in the enlargement of the Illinois 
& Michigan Canal, amounting to 5!'2,955,340. 
The unfortunate shooting of a citizen by a cadet 
in a regiment of United States troops organized 
for guard duty, led to some controversy between 
Governor Palmer, on one side, and the Mayor of 
Chicago and the military authorities, including 
President Grant, on the other; but the general 
verdict was, that, while nice distinctions between 
civil and military authority may not have been 
observed, the service rendered by the military, in 
a great emergency, was of the highest value and 
was prompted by the best intentions. (See Fire 
of 1S71 under title Chicago.) 

Political Campaign op 1872.— The political 
campaign of 1872 in Illinois resulted in much con- 
fusion and a partial reorganization of parties. 
Dissatisfied with the administration of President 
Grant, a number of the State officers (including 
Governor Palmer) and other prominent Repub- 
licans of the State, joined in what was called the 
"Liberal Republican" movement, and supported 
Horace Greeley for the Presidency. Ex-Gov- 
ernor Oglesby again became the standard-bearer 



of the Republicans for Governor, with Gen. John 
L. Beveridge for Lieutenant-Governor. At the 
November election, the Grant and Wilson (Repub- 
lican) Electors in Illinois received 241,944 votes, 
to 184,938 for Greeley, and 3,138 for O'Conor. 
The plurality for Oglesby, for Governor, was 
40,690. 

Governor Oglesby's second administration was 
of brief duration. Within a week after his in- 
auguration he was nominated by a legislative 
caucus of his party for United States Senator to 
succeed Judge Trumbull, and was elected, receiv- 
ing an aggregate of 117 votes in the two Houses 
against 78 for Trumbull, who was supported by 
the party whose candidates he had defeated at 
three previous elections. (See Oglesby, Richard J. ) 
Lieutenant-Governor Beveridge thus became 
Governor, filling out the unexpired term of his 
chief. His administration was high-minded, 
clean and honorable. (See Beveridge, John L.) 

Republican Reverse of 1874. — The election 
of 1874 resulted in the first serious reverse the 
Republican party had experienced in Illinois 
since 1862. Although Thomas S. Ridgway, the 
Republican candidate for State Treasurer, was 
elected by a plurality of nearly 35,000, by a com- 
bination of the opposition, S. M. Etter (Fusion) 
was at the same time elected State Superintend- 
ent, while the Fusionists secured a majority in 
each House of the General Assembly. After a 
protracted contest, E. M. Haines — who had been 
a Democrat, a Republican, and had been elected 
to this Legislature as an "Independent" — was 
elected Speaker of the House over Slielby M. Cul- 
lom, and A. A. Glenn (Democrat) was chosen 
President of the Senate, thus becoming ex-ofBcio 
Lieutenant-Governor. The session which fol- 
lowed — especially in the House — was one of the 
most turbulent and disorderly in tlie history of 
the State, coming to a termination, April 15, 
after having enacted very few laws of any im- 
portance. (See Twenty -ninth General Assembly.) 

Campaign of 1876. — Shelby M. Cullom was the 
candidate of the Republican party for Governor 
in 1876, with Rutherford B. Hayes heading the 
National ticket. The excitement which attended 
the campaign, the closeness of the vote between 
the two Presidential candidates — Hayes and 
Tilden — and the determination of the result 
through the medium of an Electoral Commission, 
are fresh in the memory of the present gener- 
ation. In Illinois the Republican pluralitj' for 
President was 19,631, but owing to the combina- 
tion of the Democratic and Greenback vote on 
Lewis Steward for Governor, the majority for 







liOAUD OF JitAPi: r.rii.uiNi;, niirAco. 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



277 



Oullom was reduced to 0,708. Tlie other State 
(ithcers elected were: Andrew Sluiiiuin. Lieu- 
tenaiitCiovernor; George II. Harlow, Secretary 
of State; Thomas B. Needles, Auditor; Edward 
llutz, Treasurer, and James K. Edsall, Attorney- 
General. Each of these had pluralities exceeding 
20,000, except Needles, wlio, having a single com- 
petitor, had a smaller majority than CuUom. 
The new State House was occupied for tlie first 
time by the State officers and the Legislature 
chosen at this time. Although the Republicans 
had a majority in the House, the Independents 
held the "balance of power" in joint session of 
the General Assembly. After a stubborn and 
protracted struggle in the effort to choose a 
United States Senator to succeed Senator John A. 
Logan, David Davis, of Bloomington, was 
elected on the fortieth ballot. He had been a 
Whig and a warm jiersonal friend of Lincoln, by 
whom he was ap[)iiinted Associate Justice of the 
Supreme Court of tiio L^nited States in 18()2. His 
election to the L'nited States Senate bj- the Demo- 
crats and Independents led to his retirement from 
the Supreme bencli, thus preventing his appoint- 
ment on the Electoral Commission of 1877 — a cir- 
cumstance which, in the opinion of many, may 
have had an important bearing upon the decision 
of that tribunal. In the latter part of his term 
he served as President pro tempore of the Senate, 
and more freipiently acted with the Uepublicans 
than with their opponents. He supported Blaine 
and Logan for President and Vice-President, in 
1884. (See Doris, David. ) 

Strike of 1877. — The extensive railroad strike, 
in July, 1877, caused widespread demoralization 
of business, especially in the railroad centers of 
the State and throughout the country generalh-. 
The newly -organizecl National Guard was called 
out and rendered efficient service in restoring 
order. Governor Cullom's action in the premises 
was prompt, and has been generally commended 
as eminently wise and discreet. 

Election of 1878. — Four sets of candidates 
were in the field for the offices of State Treasurer 
and Sui>erintendent of Public Instruction in 1878 
— Republican, Democratic, Greenback and Pro- 
hibition. The Republicans were successful. Gen. 
John C. Smith being elected Trea.surer, and 
James P. Slade, Superintendent, by pluralities 
averaging about 35,000. The same i)arty also 
elected eleven out of nineteen members of Con- 
gress, and, for the first time in six years, secured 
a majority in each branch of tlie General Assem- 
bly. At the ses.sion of this Legislature, in Janu- 
ary following, John A. Logan was elected to the 



United States Senate as successor to Gen. R. J. 
Oglesby, who.se term expired in March following. 
Col. William A. James, of Lake County, served 
as Speaker of the House at this session. (See 
Smith, John Corson; Slade, James P.; alsoThirty- 
fir.it General A.sseinbly. ) 

Campaign of 1880. — The political campaign 
of 1880 is memorable for the determined struggle 
made by the friends of General Grant to secure 
his nomination for the Presidency for a third 
term. The Republican State Convention, begin- 
ning at Springfield, Hay 19, lasted three days, 
ending in instructions in favor of General Grant 
by a vote of 309 to 285. These were nuUiiled, 
however, by the action of the National Conven- 
tion two weeks later. Governor CuUom waa 
nominated for re-election; John M. Hamilton for 
Lieutenant-tiovernor; Henry D. Dement for Sec- 
retary of State ; Charles P. Swigert for Auditor ; 
Edward Rutz (for a third term) for Treasurer, 
and James McCartney for Attorney-General. 
(See Dement, Henry D.; Swigert, Charles P.; 
Rutz, Edward, and McCartney, James.) Ex-Sena- 
tor Trumbull headed the Democratic ticket as its 
candidate for Governor, with General L. B. Par- 
sons for Lieutenant-Governor. 

The Repul)lican National Convention met in 
Chicago, June 2. After thirty-six ballots, in 
which 30G delegates stood unwaveringly by Gen- 
eral Grant, James A. Garfield, of Ohio, was 
nominated, with Chester A. Arthur, of New 
York, for Vice-President. Gen. Winfield Scott 
Hancock was the Democratic candidate and Gen. 
James B. Weaver, the Greenback nominee. In 
Illinois, 622,156 votes were cast, Garfield receiv- 
ing a plurality of 40,716. The entire Republican 
State ticket was elected by nearly the same plu- 
ralities, and the Republicans again had decisive 
majorities in both branches of the Legislature. 

No startling events occurred during Governor 
Cullom's second term. The State continued to 
increase in wealth, population and prosperity, 
and the lieavy debt, by which it liad been bur- 
dened thirty years before, was practically "wiped 
out." 

Election of 1882.— At the election of 1883, 
Gen. John C. Smith, who had been elected State 
Treasurer in 1878, was re-elected for a second 
term, over Alfred OrendorlT, while Charles T. 
Strattan, the Republican candidate for State 
Superintendent of Public Instruction, was de- 
feated by Henrj- Raab. The Republicans again 
ha<l a majority in each House of the General 
Assembly, amounting to twelve on joint ballot. 
Loren C. Collins was elected Speaker of the 



278 



IIISTOKICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



House. In the election of United States Senator, 
wlxich occurred at this session, Governor Cullom 
was cliosen as tlie successor to Bavid Davis, Gen. 
John M. Palmer receiving the Democratic vote. 
Lieut. -Gov. John M. Hamilton thus became Gov- 
ernor, nearly in the middle of his term. (See 
Cullom, Shelby M.; Hamilton, John 31.; Collins, 
Loren C, and Raah, Hi'nry.) 

The "Harper High License Law," enacted by 
the Thirty-third General Assembly (1883), has 
become one of the permanent features of the Illi- 
nois statutes for the control of the liquor traffic, 
and has been more or less closely copied in other 
States. 

Political Campaign of 1884.— In 1884, Gen. 
R. J. Oglesby again became the choice of the 
Republican party for Governor, receiving at 
Peoria the conspicuous compliment of a nomina- 
tion for a third term, by acclamation. Carter H. 
Harrison was the candidate of the Democrats. 
The Republican National Convention was again 
held in Chicago, meeting June 3, 1884; Gen. John 
A. Logan was the choice of the Illinois Repub- 
licans for President, and vras put in nomination 
in the Convention by Senator Cullom. The 
choice of the Convention, however, fell upon 
James G. Blaine, on the fourth ballot, his leading 
competitor being President Arthur. Logan was 
then nominated for Vice-President by acclama- 
tion. 

At the election in November the Republican 
party met its first reverse on the National battle- 
field since 1856, Grover Cleveland and Thomas A. 
Hendricks, the Democratic candidates, being 
elected President and Vice-President by the nar- 
row margin of less than 1,200 votes in the State 
of New York. The result was in doubt for sev- 
eral days, and the excitement throughout the 
country was scarcely less intense than it had 
been in the close election of 1876. Tlie Green- 
back and Prohibition parties both had tickets in 
Illinois, polling a total of nearly 23,000 votes. 
Tlie plurality in the State for Blaine was 25,118. 
The Republican State officers elected were Richard 
J. Oglesby, Governor; John C. Smith, Lieuten- 
ant-Governor; Henry D. Dement, Secretary of 
State; Charles P. Swigert, Auditor; Jacob Gross, 
State Treasurer; and George Hunt, Attorney- 
General — receiving pluralities ranging from 14,- 
000 to 25,000. Both Dement and Swigert were 
elected for a second time, while Gross and Hunt 
were chosen for first terms. (See Gross, Jacob, 
and Hunt, George. ) 

Chicago Election' Frauds. — An incident of 
this election was the fraudulent attempt to seat 



Rudolph Brand (Democrat) as Senator in place of 
Henry W. Leman, in the Sixth Senatorial Dis- 
trict of Cook County. The fraud was exposed 
and Joseph C. Mackin, one of its alleged perpe- 
trators, was sentenced to the penitentiary for four 
years for perjury growing out of the investiga- 
tion. A motive for this attempted fraud was 
found in the close vote in the Legislature for 
United States Senator — Senator Logan being a 
candidate for re-election, while the Legislature 
stood 102 Republicans to 100 Democrats and two 
Greenbackers on joint ballot. A tedious contest 
on the election of Speaker of the House finally 
resulted in the success of E. M. Haines. Pending 
the struggle over the Senatorship, two seats in 
the House and one in the Senate were rendered 
vacant by death — the deceased Senator and one of 
the Representatives being Democrats, and the 
other Representative a Republican. The special 
election for Senator resulted in filling the vacancy 
with a new member of the same political faith as 
his predecessor ; but both vacancies in the House 
were filled by Republicans. The gain of a Repub- 
lican member in place of a Democrat in the 
House was brought about by the election of 
Captain William H. Weaver Representative from 
the Thirty-fourth District (composed of Slason, 
Menard, Cass and Schuyler Counties) over the 
Democratic candidate, to fill the vacancy caused 
by the death of Representative J. Henry Shaw, 
Democrat. This was accomplished by what is 
called a ".still hunt" on the part of the Repub- 
licans, in which the Democrats, being taken by 
surprise, suffered a defeat. It furnished the sen- 
sation not only of the session, but of special elec- 
tions generally, especially as ever3' county in the 
District was strongly Democratic. This gave the 
Republicans a majority in each House, and the 
re-election of Logan followed, though not until 
two months had been consumed in the contest. 
(See Logan, John A. ) 

Oglesby's Third Term. — The only disturbing 
events during Governor Oglesby's tliird term were 
strikes among the quarrymen at Joliet and 
Leraont, in May, 1885; by the railroad switchmen 
at East St. Louis, in April, 1886, and among the 
employes at the Union Stock- Yards, in November 
of the same year. In each case troops were called 
out and order finally restored, but not until sev- 
eral persons had been killed in the two former, 
and both strikers and employers had lost heavily 
in the interruption of business. 

At the election of 1886, John R. Tanner and 
Dr. Richard Edwards (Republicans) were respec- 
tively elected State Treasurer and State Superin- 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



279 



tendent of Public Instruction, by 34,810 plurality 
for the forint-r and 29,928 for the latter. (See 
Tanner, John R.; Edwards, Bichard.) 

In the Thirty-fifth General Assembly, which 
met January, 1887, the Republicans had a major- 
ity in each House, and Charles B. Farwell was 
elected to the United States Senate in place of 
Gen. John A. Logan, deceased. (See Farjcell, 
Charles B.) 

FiFER Elected Governor. — The political 
camiiaign of 1888 was a spirited one, though less 
bitter than the one of four j-ears previous. Ex- 
Senator Joseph \V. Fifer, of McLean County, and 
Ex-Gov. John M. Palmer were pitted against each 
other as opposing candidates for Governor. (See 
Fifer, Joseph W.) Prohibition and Labor tickets 
were also in tlie field The Republican National 
Convention was again held in Chicago, June 
20-2.5. resulting in the nomination of Benjamin 
Harrison for President, on the eighth ballot. The 
delegates from Illinois, with two or three excep- 
tions, voted steadily for Judge Walter Q. 
Gresham. (See Gresham, Walter Q.) Grover 
Cleveland headed tlie Democratic ticket as a 
candidate for re-election. At the November elec- 
tion, 747,683 votes were cast in Illinois, giving 
the Republican Electors a plurality of 22,104. 
Fifer's plurality over Palmer was 12, .547, and that 
of tlie remainder of the Republican State ticket, 
still larger. Those elected were Lyman B. Raj', 
Lieutenant-Governor; Isaac N. Pearson, Secre- 
tary of State; Gen. Charles W. Pavey, Auditor; 
Charles Becker, Treasurer, and George Hunt, 
Attorney-General. (See Ray, Lyman B.; Pear- 
son, Isaac X.; rai-eij. Charles IT"; and Becker, 
Charles.) The Republicans secured twenty -six 
majority on joint ballot in the Legislature — the 
largest since 1881. Among the acts of the Legis- 
lature of 1889 were the reelection of Senator 
CuUom to the United States Senate, practically 
w'thout a contest ; the revision of tlie compulsory 
education law, and the enactment of the Chicago 
drainage law. At a special session held in July, 
1890, the first steps in the preliminary legislation 
looking to the holding of the World's Columbian 
Exposition of 1893 in the city of Chicago, were 
taken. (See World's Columbian ExjMsit ion.) 

Republican Dei'e.\t of 1800.— The campaign 
of 1890 resulted in a defeat for the Republicsms on 
both tlie State and Legislative tickets. Edward 
S. Wilson was elected Treasurer by a plurality of 
9,847 and Prof. Ilenrj' Raab, who had been Super- 
intendent of Public Instruction between 1883 and 
1887, was elected for a second term by 34,042. 
Though lacking two of an absolute majority on 



joint ballot in the Legislature, the Democrats 
were able, with the aid of two members telonging 
to the Farmers' Alliance, after a prolonged and 
exciting contest, to elect Ex-Gov. John M. 
Palmer United States Senator, as successor to 
C. B. Farwell. The election took place on March 
11, resulting, on the 154th ballot, in 103 votes for 
Palmer to 100 for Cicero J. Lindley (Republican) 
and one for A. J. .Streeter. (See Palmer, John M. ) 
Elections of 1892.— .\t the elections of 1892 
the Republicans of Illinois sustained their first 
defeat on both State and National issues since 
1856. The Democratic State Convention was 
held at Springfield, April 27, and that of the 
Republicans on May 4. The Democrats put in 
nomination John P. Altgeld for Governor; 
Jo.seph B. Gill for Lieutenant-Governor; William 
H. Hinrichsen for Secretary of State; Rufus N. 
Ramsiiy for State Treasurer; David Gore for 
Auditor; Maurice T. Moloney for Attorney-Gen- 
eral, with John C. Black and Andrew J. Hunter 
for Congressmen-at-large arid three candidates for 
Trustees of the University of Illinois. The can- 
didates on the Republican ticket were : For Gov- 
ernor, Joseph W. Fifer; Lieutenant-Governor, 
Lyman B. Ray ; Secretary of State, Isaac N. Pear- 
son; Auditor, Charles W. Pavey; Attorney-Gen- 
eral, George W. Prince; State Treasurer, Henry 
L. Hertz; Congressmen-at-large, George S. Willits 
and Richard Yates, with three University Trus- 
tees. The first four were all incumbents nomi- 
nated to succeed themselves. The Republican 
National Convention held its session at Minneapo- 
lis June 7-10, nominating President Harrison for 
re-election, wliile that of the Democrats met 
in Chicago, on June 21, remaining in se.ssion 
until June 24, for the third time choosing, as its 
standard-bearer, Grover Cleveland, with Adiai T. 
Stevenson, of Bloomington, 111., as his running- 
mate for Vice-President. Tlie Prohibition and 
People's Party also had complete National and 
State tickets in the field. The State campaign 
was conducted with great vigor on both sides, the 
Democrats, under the leadership of Altgeld, mak- 
ing an especially liitter contest upon some features 
of the compulsory school law, and gaining many 
votes from the ranks of the German-Republicans. 
The result in the State showed a plurality for 
Cleveland of 26.993 votes out of a total 873,646— 
the combined Prohibition and People's Party vote 
amounting to 48,077. The votes for the resjiec- 
tive heads of the State tickets were: Altgeld 
(Dem.), 425,498; Fifer (Rep.). 402,6.59; Link 
(Pro). 25.628;Bamet (Peo.). 20. 108— plurality for 
Altgeld, 22,808. The vote for Fifer was the high- 



280 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



est given to any Republican candidate on either 
the National or the State ticket, leading that of 
President Harrison by nearly 3,400, while the 
vote for Altgeld, though falling behind that of 
Cleveland, led the votes of all his associates on the 
Democratic State ticket with the single exception 
of Ramsay, the Democratic Candidate for Treas- 
urer. Of the twenty-two Representatives in 
Congress from the State chosen at this time, 
eleven were Republicans and eleven Democrats, 
including among the latter the two Congressmen 
from the State-at-large. Tlie Thirty-eighth Gen- 
eral Assembly stood twenty-nine Democrats to 
twenty-two Republicans in the Senate, and 
seventy-eight Democrats to seventy-five Republic- 
ans in the House. 

The administration of Governor Fifer — the last 
in a long and unbroken line under Republican Gov- 
ernors — closed with the financial and industrial 
interests of the State in a prosperous condition, 
the State out of debt with an ample surplus in its 
treasury. Fifer was the first private soldier of 
the Civil War to be elected to the Governorship, 
though the result of the next two elections have 
shown that he was not to be the last — both of his 
successors belonging to the same class. Governor 
Altgeld was the first foreign-born citizen of the 
State to be elected Governor, though the State 
has had four Lieutenant-Governors of foreign 
birth, viz. : Pierre Menard, a French Canadian ; 
John Moore, an Englishman, and Gustavus 
Koerner and Francis A. Hoffman, both Germans. 

Altgeld's Administration. — The Thirty- 
eighth General Assembly began its session, Jan. 
4, 1893, the Democrats having a majority in each 
House. (See Tliirtij-eighth General Assembly.) 
The inauguration of the State officers occurred on 
January 10. The most important events con- 
nected with Governor Altgeld's administration 
were the World's Columbian Exposition of 1893, 
and the strike of railway employes in 1894. Both 
of these have been treated in detail under their 
proper heads. (See World's Columbian Exposi- 
tion, and Labor Troubles.) A serious disaster 
befell the State in the destruction by fire, on the 
night of Jan. 3, 1895, of a portion of the buildings 
connected with the Southern Hospital for the 
Insane at Anna, involving a loss to tlie State of 
nearly .$200,000, and subjecting the inmates and 
officers of the institution to great risk and no 
small amount of suffering, although no lives were 
lost. The Thirty-ninth General Assembly, which 
met a few days after the fire, made an appropri- 
ation of §171.970 for the restoration of the build- 
ings destroyed, and work was begun immediately. 



The defalcation of Charles W. Spalding, Treas- 
urer of the University of Illinois, which came to 
light near the close of Governor Altgeld's term, 
involved the State in heavy loss (the exact 
amount of which is not even yet fully known), 
and operated unfortunately for the credit of the 
retiring administration, in view of the adoption of 
a policy which made the Governor more directly 
responsible for the management of the State in- 
stitutions than that pursued by most of his prede- 
cessors. The Governor's course in connection 
with the strike of 1894 was also severely criticised 
in some quarters, especially as it brought him in 
opposition to the policy of the National adminis- 
tration, and exposed him to the charge of sympa- 
thizing with the strikers at a time when they 
were regarded as acting in open violation of law. 

Election of 1894. — The election of 1894 showed 
as surprising a reaction against the Democratic 
party, as that of 1893 had been in an opposite 
direction. The two State offices to be vacated 
this yeai- — State Treasurer and State Superintend- 
ent of Public Instruction — were filled by the elec- 
tion of Republicans by unprecedented majorities. 
The plurality for Henry Wulff for State Treas- 
urer, was 133,427, and that in favor of Samuel M. 
Inglis for State Superintendent of Public Instruc- 
tion, scarcely 10,000 less. Of twenty-two Repre- 
sentatives in Congress, all but two returned as 
elected were Republicans, and these two were 
unseated as the result of contests. The Legisla- 
ture stood thirty-three Republicans to eighteen 
Democrats in the Senate, and eighty-eight Repub- 
licans to sixty -one Democrats in the House. 

One of the most important acts of the Thirty- 
ninth General Assembly, at the following session, 
was the enactment of a law fixing the compensa- 
tion of members of tlie General Assembl}- at §1,000 
for each regular session, with five dollars per day 
and mileage for called, or extra, sessions. This 
Legislature also passed acts making appropriations 
for the erection of buildings for the use of the 
State Fair, which had been permanently located 
at Springfield ; for the establishment of two ad- 
ditional hospitals for the insane, one near Rock 
Island and the other (for incurables) near Peoria; 
for the Northern and Eastern Illinois Normal 
Schools, and for a Soldiers' Widows' Home at 
Wilmington. 

Perm.\nent Location of the State Fair. — 
In consequence of the absorption of public atten- 
tion — especially among the industrial and manu- 
facturing classes — by the World's Columbian 
Exposition, the holding of the Annual Fair of the 
Illinois State Board of Agriculture for 1893 was 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



281 



omitted for the first tirao since the Civil War. 
The initial steps were taken by the Board at its 
annual meeting in Springfield, in January of that 
year, looking to the permanent location of the 
Fair; and, at a meeting of the Board held in Chi- 
cago, in October following, formal specifications 
were adopted prescribing the conditions to be met 
in securing the prize. These were sent to cities 
intending to compete for the location as the basis 
of proposals to be submitted by them. Responses 
were received from the cities of Bloomington, 
Decatur, Peoria and Springfield, at the annual 
meeting in January, 1894, with the result that, 
on the eighth ballot, the bid of Springfield was 
accepted and the Fair permanently located at 
that place by a vote of eleven for Springfield to 
ten divided between five other points. The 
Springfield proposal provided for conveyance to 
the State Board of Agriculture of 155 acres of 
land— embracing the old Sangamon County Fair 
Grounds immediately north of the city — besides 
a casli contribution of §50,000 voted by the San- 
gamon County Board of Supervisors for the 
erection of permanent buildings. Other contri- 
butions increased the estimated value of the 
donations from Sangamon County (including the 
land) to §139,80(1. not including the pledge of the 
city of Springfielil to pave two streets to the gates 
of the Fair (Grounds and furnish water free, be- 
sides an agreement on the part of the electric 
light company to furnish light for two years free 
of charge. The construction of buildings was 
begun the same year, and the first Fair held on 
the site in September following. Additional 
buildings have been erected and other improve- 
ments introduced each year, until the groimds 
are now regarded as among the best equipped for 
exhibition purposes in the United States. In the 
meantime, the increasing success of the Fair 
from year to year has demonstrated the wisdom 
of the action taken by the Board of Agriculture 
in the matter of location. 

Campaign of 1896. — The political campaign 
of 1896 was one of almost unprecedented activity 
in Illinois, as well as remarkable for the variety 
and character of the issues involved and the 
number of party candidates in the field. As 
usual, the Democratic and the Republican parties 
were the chief factors in the contest, although 
there was a wide diversity of sentiment in each, 
which tended to the introduction of new issues 
and the organization of parties on new lines. 
The Republicans took the lead in organizing for 
the canvass, holding their State Convention at 
Springfield on April 29 and 30, while the Demo- 



crats followed, at Peoria, on .June 23. The former 
))ut in nomination John R. Tanner for Governor; 
William A. Northcott for Lieutenant-Governor; 
James A. Rose for Secretary of State ; James S. 
McCullough for Auditor; Henry L. Hertz for 
Treasurer, and Edward C. Akin for Attorney- 
General, with Mary Turner Carriel, Thomas J. 
Smyth and Francis M. McKay for University 
Trustees. The ticket put in nomination by the 
Democracy for State oflEicers embraced John P. 
Altgeld for re-election to the Governorship ; for 
Lieutenant-Governor, Monroe C. Crawford; Sec- 
retary of State, Finis E. Downing; Auditor, 
Andrew L. Maxwell; Attornej'-General, George 
A. Trude, with three candidates for Trustees. 

The National Republican Convention met at St. 
Louis on June 16. and, after a three days' se.ssion, 
put in nomination William McKinley, of Ohio, 
for President, and Garret A. Ilobart. of New 
Jersey, for Vice-President; while their Demo- 
cratic opponents, following a policy which had 
been maintained almost continuously by one or 
the other party since 1860, set in motion its party 
machinery in Chicago — holding its National Con- 
vention in that city, July 7-11, when, for the first 
time in the history of the nation, a native of 
Illinois was nominated for the Presidency in the 
person of William J. Bryan of Nebraska, with 
Arthur Sewall, a ship-builder of Maine, for the 
second place on the ticket. Tlie main issues, as 
enunciated in the platforms of the respective 
parties, were industrial and financial, as shown by 
the prominence given to the tariff and monetary 
(juestions in each. Tliis was the natural result of 
the business depression which had prevailed since 
1893. While the Republican platform adhered to 
the traditional position of the party on the tariff 
issue, and declared in favor of maintaining the 
gold standard as the basis of the monetary system 
of the country, that of the Democracy took a new 
departure by dei'larJng unreservedly for the "free 
and unlimited coinage of both silver and gold at 
the present legal ratio of 16 to 1 ;" and this be- 
came the leading issue of the campaign. The 
fact that Thomas E. Watson, of Georgia, who 
had been favored by the Populists as a candidate 
for Vice President, and was afterwards formally 
nominated by a convention of that party, with 
Mr. Bryan at its head, was ignored liy the Chi- 
cago Convention, led to much friction between 
the Populist and Democratic wings of the party. 
At the same time a very considerable body — in 
influence and political prestige, if not in nvmibers 
— in the ranks of the old-line Democratic party, 
refused to accept the doctrine of the free-silver 



282 



HISTORICAL EXCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



section on the monetary question, and, adopting 
the name of "Gold Democrats," put in nomination 
a ticket composed of John M. Palmer, of Illinois, 
for President, and Simon B. Buckner, of Ken- 
tucky, for Vice-President. Besides these, the Pro- 
hibitionists, Nationalists, Socialist-Labor Party 
and "Middleof-the-Road" (or "straight-out") 
Populists, had more or less complete tickets in the 
field, making a total of seven sets of candidates 
appealing for the votes of the people on issues 
assumed to be of National importance. 

The fact that the two great parties — Democratic 
and Republican — established their principal head- 
quarters for the prosecution of the campaign in 
Chicago, had the effect to make that city and 
the State of Illinois the center of political activ- 
ity for the nation. Demonstrations of an impos- 
ing character were held by both parties. At the 
November election the Republicans carried the 
day by a plurality, in Illinois, of 141,517 for their 
national ticket out of a total of 1,090,869 votes, 
while the leading candidates on the State ticket 
received the following pluralities: John R. Tan- 
ner (for Governor), 113,381; Northcott (for Lieu- 
tenant-Governor), 137,354; Rose (for Secretary of 
State), 136,611; McCullough (for Auditor), 138,- 
013; Hertz (for Treasurer), 116,064; Akin (for 
Attorney-General), 132,650. The Republicans also 
elected seventeen Representatives in Congress to 
three Democrats and two People's Party men. 
The total vote cast, in this campaign, for the "Gold 
Democratic" candidate for Governor was 8,100. 

Gov. Tanner's Administr.\tion — The Fortieth 
General Assembly met Jan. 6, 1897, consisting of 
eighty-eight Republicans to sixty-three Demo- 
crats and two Populists in the House, and thirty- 
nine Republicans to eleven Democrats and one 
Populist in the Senate. The Republicans finally 
gained one member in each house by contests. 
Edward C. Curtis, of Kankakee County, was 
chosen Speaker of the House and Hendrick V. 
Fisher, of Henry County, President pro tern, of 
the Senate, with a full set of Republican officers 
in the subordinate positions. Tlie inauguration 
of the newly elected State officers took place on 
the 11th, tlie inaugural address of Governor 
Tanner taking strong ground in favor of main- 
taining the issues indorsed by the people at the 
late election. On Jan. 20, William E. Mason, 
of Chicago, was elected United States Senator, as 
the successor of Senator Palmer, whose term was 
about to expire. Mr. Mason received the full 
Republican strength (125 votes) in the two 
Houses, to the 77 Democratic votes cast for John 
P. Altgeld. (See Fortieth General Assembly. ) 



Among the principal measures enacted by the 
Fortieth General Assembly at its regular session 
were: The "Torrens Land Title System," regu- 
lating the conveyance and registration of land 
titles (which see) ; the consoUdatiou of the three 
Supreme Court Districts into one and locating the 
Supreme Court at Springfield, and the Allen 
Street-Railroad Law, empowering City Councils 
and other corporate authorities of cities to grant 
street railway franchises for a period of fifty 
years. On Deo. 7, 1897, the Legislature met in 
special session under a call of the Governor, nam- 
ing five subjects upon which legislation was sug- 
gested. Of these only two were acted upon 
affirmatively, viz. : a law prescribing the manner 
of conducting the election of delegates to nomi- 
nating political conventions, and a new revenue 
law regulating the assessment and collection of 
taxes. The main feature of the latter act is the 
requirement that property shall be entered upon 
the books of the assessor at its cash value, subject 
to revision by a Board of Review, the basis of 
valuation for purposes of taxation being one-fifth 
of this amount. 

The Sp.\^nish-American War.— The most not- 
able event in the history of Illinois during the 
year 1898 was the Spanish-American War, and 
the part Illinois played in it. In this contest 
lUinoisans manifested the same eagerness to 
serve their country as did their fathers and fel- 
low citizens in the War of the Rebellion, a third 
of a century ago. The first call for volunteers 
was responded to with alacrity by the men com- 
posing the Illinois National Guard, seven regi- 
ments of infantry, from the First to Seventh 
inclusive, besides one regiment of Cavalry and 
one Battery of Artiller}' — in all about 9,000 men 
— being mustered in between May 7 and May 21. 
Although only one of these — the First, under the 
command of Col. Henry L. Turner of Chicago — 
saw practical service in Cuba before the surrender 
at Santiago, others in camps of instruction in the 
South stood ready to respond to the demand for 
their service in the field. Under the second call 
for troops two other regiments — the Eighth and 
the Ninth — were organized and the former (com- 
posed of Afro-Americans officered by men of 
their own race) relieved the First Illinois on guard 
duty at Santiago after the surrender. A body of 
engineers from Company E of the Second United 
States Engineers, recruited in Chicago, were 
among the first to see service in Cuba, while 
many Illinoisans belonging to the Naval Reserve 
were assigned to duty on United States war 

vessels, and rendered most valuable service in the 



HISTORICAL EXCVCLUl'EDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



■283 



naval engagements in Cuban waters. The Third 
Regiment (Col. Fred. Bennitt) al.so took i)art in 
the movement for the occupation of Porto Rico. 
The several regiments on their return for muster- 
out, after the conclusion of terms of peace with 
Spain, received most enthusiastic ovations from 
their fellow-citizens at home. Besides the regi- 
ments mentioned, several Provisional Regiments 
were organized and stood ready to respond to the 
call of the Government for their services liad the 
emergency required. (See 'iVar, The Sjntnish 
American.) 

Labor Disturbances. — The principal labor 
disturbances in tlie State, under Governor Tan- 
ner's administration, occurred during the coal- 
miners' strike of 1897. and the lock-out at the 
Pana and Virden mines in 1898. The attempt to 
introduce colored laborers from the South to 
operate these mines led to violence between the 
adherents of tlie "Miners' Union"' and the mine- 
owners and operators, and their emploj-es, at 
these points, during whicli it was necessary to 
call out the National Guard, and a number of 
lives were sacrificed on both sides. 

A flood in the Ohio, during the spring of 1898, 
caused the breaking of the levee at Shawneetown. 
lU., on the 3d day of April, in consequence of 
which a large proportion of the city was flooded, 
man}' homes and business houses wrecked or 
greatly injured, and much other property de- 
stroyed. The most serious disaster, however, was 
the loss of some twenty-five lives, for the most 
part of women and children who, being surprised 
in their homes, were unable to escape. Aid was 
promptly furnished by the State Government in 
the form of tents to shelter the survivors and 
rations to feed them ; and contributions of money 
and provisions from the citizens of the State, col- 
lected b}- relief organizations during the next two 
or three months, were needed to moderate the 
suffering. (See Iniuidations, Remfirkahle.) 

Campaign of 1898.— The political campaign of 
1898 was a quiet one. at least nominally conducted 
on the same general issues as that of 189G, al- 
though the gradual return of business prosperity 
had greatly modified the intensity of interest 
with which .some of the economic questions of 
the preceding campaign had been regarded. The 
only State officers to be elected were a State- 
Treasurer, a Superintendent of Public Instruction, 
and three State University Trustees — the total 
vote cast for tlie former l)eing 878,622 against 
1,090,809 for President in 1890. Of the former, 
Floyd K. Whittemore (Republican candidate for 
State Treasurer) received 448,940 to 405,490 for 



M. F. Dunlap (Democrat), with 24,193 divided 
between three other candidates; while Alfred 
Bayliss (Republican) received a plurality of 
68,899 over his Democratic competitor, with 23,- 
190 votes cast for tliree others. The Republican 
candidates for University Trustees were, of course, 
elected. The Republicana lost heavily in their 
representation in Congress, though electing thir- 
teen out of twenty-two members of the Fifty- 
sixth Congress, leaving nine to tlieir Democratic 
opponents, who were practically consolidated in 
this campaign with the Populists. 

Forty-first Gf.neral Asskmbly.— The Forty- 
first General Assembly met, Jan. 4, 1899, and 
adjourned, April 14, after a session of 101 days, 
with one exception (that of 1875), the shortest 
regular session in the history of the State Gov- 
ernment since the -adoption of tlie Constitution of 
1870. The House of Representatives consisted of 
eighty-one Republicans to seventy-one Democrats 
and one Prohibitionist; and the Senate, of thirty- 
four Republicans to sixteen Democrats and one 
Populist — giving a Republican majority on joint 
ballot of twenty-six. Of 170 bills which passed 
both Houses, received the approval of the Gov- 
ernor and became laws, some of the more impor- 
tant were the following: Amending the State 
Arbitration Law by extending its scope and the 
general powers of tlie Board ; creating the office 
of State Architect at a salary of .$5,000 per annum, 
to furnish plans and specifications for public 
buildings and supervise the construction and 
care of the same; authorizing the consolidation 
of the territory of cities under township organi- 
zation, and consisting of five or more Congres- 
sional townships, into one township; empowering 
each Justice of the Supreme Court to employ a 
private secretary at a salary of §2,000 per annum, 
to be paid by the State; amending the State 
Revenue Law of 1898; authorizing the establish- 
ment and maintenance of parental or truant 
schools; and empowering the State to establish 
Free Employment Offices, in the proportion of one 
to each citj' of 50,000 inhabitants, or three in 
cities of 1,000,000 and over. An act was also 
passed requiring the Secretary of State, when an 
amendment of the State Constitution is to be 
voted upon by the electors at any general elec- 
tion, to prepare a statement setting forth the pro- 
visions of the same and furnish copies thereof to 
each County Clerk, whose duty it is to have said 
copies published and posted at the places of voting 
for the information of voters. One of the most 
important acts of this I.^gislature was tlie repeal, 
by a practically unanimous vote, of the Street- 



284 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



railway Franchise Law of the previous session, 
tlie provisions of winch, empowering City Coun- 
cils to grant street-railway franchises extending 
over a period of fifty j^ears, had been severely 
ci-iticised by a portion of the press and excited 
intense hostility, especially in some of the larger 
cities of the State. Although in force nearly two 
years, not a single corporation had succeeded in 
obtaining a franchise under it. 

A Retrospect and a Look into The Future. — 
The history of Illinois has been traced concisely 
and in outline from the earliest period to the 
present time. Previous to the visit of Joliet and 
Marquette, in 1673, as unknown as Central Africa, 
for a century it continued the hunting groimd of 
savages and the liome of wild animals common to 
the plains and forests of the Mississippi Valley. 
The region brought under the influence of civili- 
zation, such as then existed, comprised a small 
area, scarcely larger than two ordinarily sized 
counties of the present day. Thirteen years of 
nominal British control(1765-78) saw little change, 
except the exodus of a part of the old French 
population, who preferred Spanish to British rule. 

The period of development began with the 
occupation of Illinois liv Clark in 1778. That 
saw the "Illinois County," created for the gov- 
ernment of the settlements northwest of the 
Ohio, expanded into five States, with an area of 
250,000 square miles and a population, in 1890, of 
13,500,000. In 1880 the population of the State 
equaled that of the Thirteen Colonies at the 
{lose of the Revolution. The eleventh State in 
the Union in this respect in 1850, in 1890 it had 
advanced to third rank. With its unsurpassed 
fertilit}- of soil, its inexhaustible supplies of fuel 
for manufacturing purposes, its system of rail- 
roads, surpassing in extent that of any other State, 
there is little risk in predicting that the next 
forty years will see it advanced to second, if not 
first rank, in both wealth and population. 

But if the development of Illinois on material 
lines has been marvelous, its contributions to the 
Nation in philanthropists and educators, soldiers 
and statesmen, have rendered it conspicuous. A 
long list of these might be mentioned, but two 
names from the ranks of Illinoisans have been, by 
common consent, assigned a higher place than all 
others, and have left a deeper impress upon the 
history of the Nation than any others since the 
days of Washington. These are, Ulysses S. Grant, 
the Organizer of Victory for the Union arms 
and Conqueror of the Rebellion, and Abraham 
Lincoln, the Great Emancipator, the Preserver of 
the Republic, and its Martyred President. 



1G73. 
1G74 



Ifi.'^O, 
liiSl 



1700. 
1700. 



1718. 
1718. 
17.i4. 
Klio. 

1778. 



!7M. 
17a.j, 
ISOO. 

1809. 

1818. 
IS-.'O. 
lS2i. 
ISM. 
1S32. 

is:i'j. 

1813. 
ISljO. 
JSIil. 
1863. 

1864. 
IStio. 
18G5. 
1865. 
J 868. 
1870. 



CHEONOLOGICAL RECORD. 

Important Events in lUinois Histoi^. 

-Jnliet and Marquette reach Illinois from Green Bay by 
way of the Upper Mississippi anil Illinois Rivers. 
. — Marquette makes a second visit to Illinois and spends 
the winter on the present site of Chicago 
-La Salle and Tonty descend the Jlliimi^^ to Peoria Lake. 
-Tonty begins the erection of Fort 8t. Louis oq " Starved 
Rock" in La Salle County. 

-r<a Salle and Tonty descend the Illinois and Mississippi 
Ri\;ers to tlte mouth of the latter, and take possession 
I April y, l6S'2i in the name of the King of France 
-First permanent French settlement in Illinois and Mis- 
sion of St. Snipice established at Cahokia, 

,— Kaskaskia Indians remove from the Upper IlUnoia and 
hjcate near tlie mouth of the Kaskaskia River. French 
settlement established here the same year becomes the 
town of Kask:Lskia and future capital of Illinois. 

—The first Fort Chartres. erected near Kaskaskia. 

— Fort St. Louis, on the Upper Illinois, burned by Indiana. 

— Fort L'hartres rebuilt and strengthened. 

-The Illinois country surrendered by the French to the 
British under the treatv of 1763. 

—(July 4i Col. George Rogers Clark, at the head of an expe- 
dition organized under authority of Gov. Patrick Henry of 
Virginia, arrives at Kaskaskia. The occupation of Illinois 
bv the American troops follows. 

— Illinois County created by Act of the Virginia House of 
Delegates, for the government of the settlements north- 
west of the Ohio River. 

—Congress adopts the Ordinance of 1T87, organizing the 
Northwest Territory, embracing the present States of 
Ohio, Indiana. Illinois, Michigan and Wisconsin. 

—General Arthur St. Clair appointed Governor of North- 
west Territory. 

—St Clair County organized. 

— Randolph County organized. 

-Northwest Territory divided into Ohio and Indiana Ter- 
ritories. Illinois being embraced in the latter. 

—Illinois Territory set otT from Indiana, and Ninian 
Edwards appointed Governor. 

—I IJec. 3 1 Illinois admitted as a State. 

-State capital removed from Kaskaskia to Vandalia. 

■2i. Unsuccessful atierapt to make Illinois a slave State. 

— I April 30) General La Fayette visits Kaskaskia. 
-Black Hawk War. 

—(July 4 I Springheld becomes the third capital of the State 
under an Act <if the Legislature pa.ssed in ls37. 

—The second Cnnstitution adopted- 

— Abraham Lincoln is elected President. 

—War of the Kcbellion begins. 

—I Jan. 1) Lincoln issues his linal Proclamation of Eman- 
cipation. 

—Lincoln's second election to the Presidency. 

—(April 141 Abraham Lincoln assassinated in Washington. 

—I May 4) President Lincoln's funeral in Springtield. 

—Tlie War of the Rebellion ends. 

—Gen. U. S. Grant elected to the Presidency, 

—The third State Constitution adopted. 



POPULATION OF ILLINOIS 

At Each Decennial Census from isio to looo. 



1810 (231 12,282 

182U (24) 55.Hi2 

1S30 |2U) 157,445 

1840 (14) 476.183 

1S5U (11) 851,471) 



1860 (4) 1,711,951 

1870 (4> 2,639,891 

1880 (4) 3.077,S7l 

1890 (3t 382fi,;«l 

1900 (3) 4,821,550 



Note.— Fignres in parenthesis indicate the rank of the State 
in order of population. 

ILLINOIS CITIES 
Having a Population of 10,000 and Over {1900). 



Name. Population. 

Chicago 1,698,755 

Peoria 56.100 

Quincy. 36,252 

SpringHeld 34.159 

Rock ford 31 ,051 

Joliet 29,353 

EastSt Louis 29.655 

Aurora 24.147 

Bloomi ngton 23.286 

Elgin 22,433 

Decalur 20.754 

Rock Island 19.498 

Evauslon 19,259 



Name. Populati 
Galesburg 18, 



Belleville 1 

Mollne 1 

Dan vi He 16 

Jacksonville 15 

Alton 14 

Streator 14 

Kankakee 13, 

Freeport 13 

Cairo 1 

Ottawa 10, 

LaSttUe.. 10, 



on. 

,607 
,481 
,248 
.354 
.078 

:io 

.079 
,595 
258 
,566 
.588 
,446 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



286 



INDEX. 



This Index relates exclusively to mattPr embraced In the article under the title "Illinois." Subjects of general State history 
will be fouud treated at leutftb. under topical heads, iu the body of the Encyclopedia. 



Admis<;lonof Illinois aa a State, 258. 

AltKGld, John p.. adniinistratlou as Gov- 
ernor. 27y-S0: defeated for re-election, ilsl. 

Anderson. Stinson H..2t>4. 

Anti-Nebrasiift Editorial Convention. iSfi. 

Anti-slavery contest of IM22-24: defeat of a 
convention scheme. 2*10. 

Baker, Col, K. I)., 2tV.i. orator at laying 
the corner-stone of State capiiol, 2tU. 

Baternan, Newton, Stale Sui'erinteudent 
of Public Instruction. 270. -71. 27.5. 

BeveridKP. John L.. Congressman and 
Lieutenant-Ouvernor; becomes Governor 
by resignnlloii of Governor Ogle3by,276. 

Birkhpck, Morris. 200. 

Blssell, William II., Colonel In Mexican 
War, 265; Governor, 2(3y; death, 270. 

Black Hawk War. 2t)-.:. 

Blodg.Ht. IltMiry W.. Free Soil member of 
the Legislature. 26S. 

niiiuniington Convention fl8.56l.269. 

B'llshrlant. first French Commandant, 249. 

lioiid, Shftdrach, 255; iJelegateiu Congress, 
-i7; first Governor, 258. 

Breese. l3ldney,259. 

Hruwne. Thoma-s C, 260. 

Browning. Orville H., !n Bloom Ington 
Convention. 269; U. 8. Senator. 273. 

Cahokla, lirst French sertiomeut at, 252. 

Camp l>oui;lfts conspiracy, 273. 

Canal Scrip Fraud. 270. 

Carlin, Tliomas, elected Governor, 263, 

Casey. Zadoe, elected to Congress; re- 
signs the Lieutenant-Governorship, 262. 

Charlevuix visits Illinois, 247 

Chicago and Calnnu-t Rivers. Importance 
of in estimation of early explorers, 247. 

Chicago election frauds, 278. 

Chicago, lire of 1871. 27G. 

Chlcagou, Indian Chief for whom Chicago 
was named. 244. 

Clark, Col, George Rogers, expedition to 
Illinois; cnjitureof Ka.Hkn.skia. 251. 

Coles, }'>I\var<l, eniancipiitps his slaves; 
candidate li<r (:>_>veriiur,2oy; his election, 
2t)0: persocuteil bv his enemies, 261. 

Constilutinrml Convention of 1S1.4. 2.53. 

Coiistitiillonal C'nivention of 1847,266. 

Coiisiilutioriiil CdMverttlon of J.St.2. i^2. 

Constitutional Convention of 1870,2^5. 

Cook, Daniel P.. 25o; Attorney-General, 
258; elected to Congress, 260-61. 

Craig. Capt. Thomas, expedition against 
Indians at Peuriu, 257. 

Cullom.shelljy M.. Speaker of General As- 
sembly, 270; elected Governor. 276; fea- 
tures of his administration: re-elected, 
277; elected to U. S. .senate. 27S. 

Davis. David. United States Senator, 277. 

Douglas, Stephen A.. 26:(- Justice Supreme 
Court. 264, U S.Senator, 2(;6; debates 
with Lincoln. 268-70: re-elected U. S. Sen- 
ator. 270; death, 272. 

Duncan. Joseph, Governor: character of 
his adniinistratlon. 262-03. 

Eiifly towns. 258. 

Eftrrhqnakeof 1811.256. 

Kdwiird."*, Ninlan, Governor Illinois Terri- 
tory, 255. elected U. s. SenaHir. 259; 
elected Governor; administration and 
deaHi,2r.l. 

Ewing, William L. D.. becomes acting 
Governor; occupant of many olhces, 262, 

Explorers, earl V Frencli, 244-5. 

Fanvell, Churles B..27y 

Field- -McClernaud contest, 2fi1. 

Fifer. Joseph W.. elected Governor. 279, 

Fisher. Dr Georire. Speaker of Territorial 
llouseof UepresentHtivea, 2.57. 

Ford, Tliomiis. Governor: embarrassing 
questions of his administration. 264. 

Port Chartres, surrendered to British. 250. 

Fort Ih<ivrt>orn nia.s.sacre, 2oti-o7. 

FortGoKe burned. 251. 

Fort .MusMiir. starting point on the Ohio of 
Clark's expedition. 2-51. 

Fort St, Louis, 246; raided and burned by 
Indians. 247 

Franklin, Benjamin. Indian Commissioner 
for Illinois in 1775.2-51. 

French, Augustus C. Governor. 265-7. 

French and Indian War, 25U. 



French occupation; settlement about Kas- 

kaskla and (*ahokia, 249. 

French villages, population of in 1765,251. 

Glbauit. Pierre, 252. 

Grant. Ulys.ses S,, arrival at Springfield; 
Colonel of Twenty-tirst Illinois Volun- 
teers. 271 : elected President. 275. 

Oresham, WailerQ.. supported by IlUnoia 
Kt'puhlicans for tlie Presidency .'279, 

Hamilton, John M.. Lieutenant-Governor, 
277; succeeds (iov. tUillom, 278. 

Ilanson-Shaw oonteht, 2<iO. 

Hardin, John J.. 263; eh'cled to Congress, 
261; killed at Buena \'ista,265. 

Harrison, William Henry, llrst Governor 
of Indiana Territory, 254. 

Henry, Patrick, Indian Commissioner for 
Illinois Country: assists in planning 
Clark's e.xpedltion, 251; ex-oftlcio Gov- 
ernor of territory northwest of the Ohio 
River 

Illinois, Its rank In order of admission into 
the Union, area antl population. 241; In- 
dian origin of the name; boundaries and 
area; geographical locati<;n; navigable 
Btreams. 24'.;; topocriiphy, fauna and 
flora, 213; soil and climate. 243-14; con- 
test for occupation, 241: part of Louisi- 
ana lit 1721. 249; surrendered to the 
British in 1765, 2-51; under government of 
Virginia. 2-52: part of Indiana Territory, 
254; Territorial Government organized; 
Ninian Edwards appointed Governor, 
2">.5, admitted as a State. 258 

niinois .t .Michlk-;in Cjtnal.2fil. 

Illinois Ct- iilral H:iiIro;id. 'Ji7-<J8. 

'■Illinois Country. " boundaries defined by 
Captain Plttman. 241; Patrick Henry, 
first American Governor. 262. 

Illinois County organized by Virginia 
House of Delegates. 262. 

Illinois Territory organized; first Territo- 
rial ofiicers. 255. 

Indiana Territory organized. 254; first 
Territorial Legislature elected, 2.55, 

Indian trilies; location in Illinois, 247. 

I menial improvement scheme. 263. 

Joliet. Louis, accompanied by Marquette, 
visits Illinois in 1673,245. 

Kane. Elitw Kent. 258. 

Kansa.s-Nebra.ska contest, 268. 

Kaskaskia Indians remove from Upper 
Illinois to mouth of Koskaskia. 248. 

Kenton, Simon, guide for Claric's expedi- 
tion against Ka»kaskia. 251, 

L:iborili5turbances.27o. 280. 283. 

La Fayette, visit of, to Ka-skaskia. 261. 

La Salle, expedition to lllinoi.s in 1679-80. 
245; builds Fort Miami, near mouth of 
St. Joseph; disasierof Fort ('reve-Cu3ur; 
erection of Fort .SI. Louis. 246. 

Lincoln, Abraham. Representative In the 
General Assemldy. 26;{; elected to Con- 
gress. 266; unsuccessful candidate for 
the United States Senate; member of 
Bloomington Con v en tion of 1.-n56; 
" House divided-aKaliist-ltself " speech. 
2*W; clecti'd i*resident.270: departure for 
WiLshington, 271; elected fi>r a second 
term, 273; a.ss ass i nation and funeral, 274. 

Lincoln-Doughus debates, 270. 

Lockwood, Samuel D,, Attornej'-General; 
Secretary of State; oj>poneiit of pro- 
slavery convention scheme. 260, 

Logan. Gen, John A., prominent Union 
soldier, 272; C'ongressman-at-large.274-75; 
elected United States Senator. 276; Re- 
publican nominee for VIce-Preaident; 
third election as Senator, 278. 
'* I»ng Nine. "263. 

Louisiana united with Illinois, 254. 

Lovejoy. Elijah P. murdered at Alton, 263. 

.Macalister and Stebbins Ixjiids. 27U. 

Marquette. Father Jac<pu« i see Joliet); 
his niiH^tlon among the Kaskaskla.s. 248. 

Mason. William K,. U. S, Senator) 2»2, 

McLean. John. Speaker: first Itepresenta- 
livein Congress: U.S Senator: death, 24>5. 

Menard, Pierre. 2W; President of Terri- 
torial Council, 2-57; elected Llouteuaut- 
Governor, 258; anecdote Of, 269. 

Mexican War. 263. 



Morgan, Col. George, Indian Agent at Kaa- 

kaskia In 1776.251. 
Mormon War. 2»i4-65. 
New Design Settlement, 255. 
New France, 244. 249, 
Nlcolet. Jean. French explorer, 244-5. 
North we.st Territory organized; Gen. Ar- 
thur St. Clair appointed Governor, 253; 
first Territorial Legislature; separated 
Into Territories of Ohio and Indiana. 254. 
Oglesl)y. Richard J.. BoldUr In CIvi! War. 
271; elecl»*d Governor, 274; second elec- 
tion; cho.sen U. s. Senator, 276; third 
election to governorship, 278, 
Ordinance of 1787.253. 
" Paincourt " (early name for St- Louis) 

settled by French from Illinois, 251. 
Palmer, John M., member of Peace Con- 
ference of 1861, 271; elected Governor; 
prominent events of his administration, 
■.;76; unsuc<'eKafnl Democratic candidate 
for Governor; eU-cted t*. S. Senator, 279; 
candidate for President. 282. 
Peace Conference of 1861.271. 
Peace conventions of l«6:i, 273. 
Perrot. Nicholas, explorer, 245. 
Pittman, Capt. Philip, defines the bounda- 
ries of the •■Illinois Country." 241. 
Pope, Nathaniel, Secretary of IIIinoIsTer- 
ritory, 255; Delegate in Congress; serv- 
ice infixing northern boundary, 258. 
Prairies, origin of, 243. 
Ranilolph County organized. 251. 
Renault, Philip F. first importer of Afri- 
can slaves to Illinois. 2l;>. 
Repuhlicaii.stiiteC»Mivenlion of 1856.269. 
Reyiiokls, John, elected Governor; resigns 
to take Beat In Congress. 262; Speaker of 
Illinois House of Representatives. 268. 
Richardson, William A., candidate for 

Governor, 270; U.S. Senator, 272. 
Rocheblave, Chevalier de, hist British 
Commandatit In Illinois, 251; sent as a 
prisoner of war to Williamsburg, 252, 
Shawneetown Bank, 257. 
Shawneetown fiood, 283. 
Shields, Gen. Jani«vi.263; elected U. S. Sen- 
ator, 267; d. leated for re-election. 269. 
Southern 1 inspi lul for Insane burned, 280, 
.Spiinish-.Vmeruitn War. 2kL 
Si)rinKfield, thlnl State capital. 263; erec- 
tion of new State capltol at, authorizeu, 
275; Stale Bank. 259. 
St. Clair. Arthur, fii-st Governor of North- 
west Territory, 253; visits Illinois, 254. 
St. Clair County organized. 254. 

tatedeht reaches its maximum. 263. 
State Fair permanently located, 281. 
Streams and navigation, 242. 
supreme Court revolutionized. 264. 
Tanner, John R., State Treasurer, 278; 

elected Governor. 281-2. 
Thomas. Jesse B.. 255; President of Con- 
stitutional Convention of 1SI8. 258; 
elected United States Senator, 259. 
Todd. Col . John. County-Lieutenant of Illi- 
nois County, 252. 
Tonty. Henry do(see LaSalIe>. 
Treaty with Indians near .\lton. 257. 
Trumbull. Lynuin. Secretary of State. 264; 
elect t.*d United siittes senator. 2'i9-70; 
Democratic candidate for Governor. 277. 
Vandalia. thesecond Stale capital, 25'.i. 
War of 1812, 256; expeditions to Peoria 

Lake. 257. 
W'ar of the Rebellion; some prominent 
Illinois actors; numlter of troops fur- 
nisbixlby Illinois: Important battles par- 
ticipated 111, 271 72; some olficers who 
fell;, Grierson riUd. 272. 
Warren, Hooper, editor Edwardsvllle 

.SiM?ciaior. 2(R). 
Wayne, Gen Anthony. 254, 
Whig nuLSs-nieeting at .Springfield. 264. 
Wllmot Proviso, action of Ilhnoii Leglsla- 

ttire up<in. 267. 
Wood, John, Lieutenant Governor, fills 

Bissell's unexpired term, 27u. 
Yates. Richard, at Bloomington Conven- 
tion of 1856. 269; Governor, 270; prorogues 
Legislature of 1S63; elected United States 
Senator, 273. 



286 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



ILES, Elijah, pioneer merchant, was born in 
Kentucky, March 28, 1796; received the rudiments 
of an education in two winters' schooling, and 
began his business career by purchasing 100 head 
of yearling cattle upon which, after herding 
them three years in the valleys of Eastern Ken- 
tucky, he realized a profit of nearly 83,000. In 
1818 he went to St. Louis, then a French village 
of 3, .500 inhabitants, and, after spending three 
years as clerk in a frontier store at "Old Frank- 
lin, " on the Missouri River, nearly opposite the 
present town of Boouville, in 1831 made a horse- 
back tour through Central Illinois, finally locating 
at Springfield, which had just been selected by 
a board of Commissioners as the temporary 
county seat of Sangamon County. Here he soon 
brought a stock of goods by keel-boat from St. 
Louis and opened the first store in the new town. 
Two years later (183.3), in conjunction witli 
Pascal P. Enos, Daniel P. Cook and Thomas Cox, 
he entered a section of land comprised within the 
present area of the city of Springfield, which 
later became the permanent county-seat and 
finally the State capital. Mr. lies became the 
first postmaster of Springfield, and, in 182G, was 
elected State Senator, served as Major in the 
Winnebago War (1827), enlisted as a private in 
the Black Hawk War (1831-32), but was soon 
advanced to the rank of Captain. In 1830 he 
sold his store to John Williams, who had been 
liis clerk, and, in 1838-39, built the "American 
House, ' ' which afterwards became the temporary 
stopping-place of many of Illinois' most famous 
statesmen. He invested largely in valuable 
farming lands, and, at his death, left a large 
estate. Died, Sept. 4, 1883. 

ILLINOIS ASYLUM FOR INCURABLE IN- 
SANE, an institution founded under an act of the 
General Assembly, passed at the session of 1895, 
making an appropriation of .$65,000 for the pur- 
chase of a site and the erection of buildings with 
capacity for the accommodation of 300 patients. 
The institution was located by the Trustees at 
Bartonville, a suburb of the city of Peoria, and 
the erection of buildings begun in 1896. Later 
these were found to be located on ground which 
had been undermined in excavating for coal, and 
their removal to a different location was under- 
taken in 1898. The institution is intended to 
relieve the other hospitals for the Insane by the 
reception of patients deemed incurable. 

ILLINOIS AND MICHIGAN CANAL, a water 
way connecting Lake Michigan with the Illinois 
River, and forming a connecting link in the 
water-route between the St. Lawrence and the 



Gulf of Mexico. Its summit level is about 580 
feet above tide water. Its point of beginning is 
at the South Branch of the Chicago River, about 
five miles from the lake. Thence it flows some 
eight miles to the valley of the Des Plaines, fol- 
lowing the valley to the mouth of the Kankakee 
(fortj'-two miles), thence to its southwestern 
terminus at La Salle, the head of navigation on 
the Illinois. Between these points the canal has 
four feeders — the Calumet, Des Plaines, Du Page 
and Kankakee. It passes through Lockport, 
Joliet, Morris, and Ottawa, receiving accessions 
from the waters of the Fox River at the latter 
point. The canal proper is 96 miles long, and it 
has five feeders whose aggregate length is 
twenty-flve miles, forty feet wide and four feet 
deep, with four aqueducts and seven dams. The 
difference in level between Lake Michigan and 
the Illinois River at La Salle is one hundred and 
forty-five feet. To permit the ascent of vessels, 
there are seventeen locks, ranging from three 
and one half to twelve and one-half feet in lift, 
their dimensions being 110x18 feet, and admitting 
the passage of boats carrying 150 tons. At Lock- 
port, Joliet, Du Page, Ottawa and La Salle are 
large basins, three of which supply power to fac- 
tories. To increase the water supply, rendered 
necessary by the high summit level, pumping 
works were erected at Bridgeport, having two 
thirty-eight foot independent wheels, each capa- 
ble of delivering (through buckets of ten feet 
length or width) 15,000 cubic feet of water per 
minute. These pumping works were erected in 
1848, at a cost of ?15,000, and were in almost con- 
tinuous use until 1870. It was soon found that 
these machines might be utilized for the benefit 
of Chicago, by forcing the sewage of the Chicago 
River to the summit level of the canal, and allow- 
ing its place to be filled by pure water from the 
lake. Tills pmnping, however, cost a large sum, 
and to obviate this expense §3,955,340 was ex- 
pended by Chicago in deepening the canal be- 
tween 18G5 and 1871, so that the se%vage of the 
south division of the city might be carried through 
the canal to the Des Plaines. This sum was 
returned to the City by the State after the great 
fire of 1871. (As to further measures for carry- 
ing off Chicago sewage, see Chicago Drainage 
Canal.) 

In connection with the canal three locks and 
dams have been built on the Illinois River,— one 
at Henry, about twenty-eight miles below La 
Salle ; one at the mouth of Copperas Creek, about 
sixty miles nelow Henry ; and another at La 
Grange. The object of these works (the first 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



287 



two being practically an extension of the canal) 
is to furnish slack-water navigation through- 
out the year. The cost of tliat at Henry (§400,000) 
was defrayed by direct appropriation from the 
State treasury. Copperas Creek dam cost §410,831, 
of wliich amount the United States Government 
paid .?i;-.;i(i0. The General Government also con- 
structed a dam at La CJ range and ajjpropriated 
funds for the building of another at Kampsville 
Landing, with a view to making the river thor- 
oughly navigable the year round. The beneficial 
results expected from these works have not been 
realized and their demolition is advocated. 

History. — The early missionaries and fur- 
traders first directed attention to the nearness of 
the waters of Lake Michigan and the Illinois. 
The project of the construction of a canal was 
made tlie subject of a report by Albert (Jallatin, 
Secretary of the Treasurj' in 1808, and, in 1811, a 
bill on the subject was introduced in Congress in 
connection with the Erie and other canal enter- 
prises. In 1822 Congress granted the right of 
way across the public lands "for the route of a 
canal connecting the Illinois River with the 
south tend of Lake Jlichigan," which was fol- 
lowed five years later by a grant of 300,000 acres 
of land to aid in its con.struction, which was to 
be undertaken by tlie State of Illinois. The 
earliest surveys contemplated a channel 100 miles 
long, and the original estimates of cost varied 
between §039,000 and $716,000. Later sur\'eys 
and estimates (1833) placed the cost of a canal 
forty feet wide and four feet deep at §4,040,000. 
In 1836 another Board of Commissioners was 
created and survej's were made looking to the 
construction of a waterway sixty feet wide at the 
surface, thirty-six feet at bottom, and six feet in 
depth. Work was begun in June of that year; 
was suspended in 1841 ; and renewed in 1846, 
when a canal loan of §1,000,000 was negotiated. 
The channel was opened for navigation in April, 
1848, by which time the total outlay had reached 
$6,170,226. By 1871, Illinois had liquidated its 
entire indebtedness on account of the canal and 
the latter reverted to the State. The total cost 
up to 1879 — including amount refunded to Chi- 
cago — was §9. .513, 831, while the sum returned to 
the State from earnings, sale of canal lands, etc., 
amounted to §8,819,731. In 1882 an offer was 
made to cede the canal to the United States upon 
condition that it should be enlarged and ex- 
tended to the llississippi, was repeated in 1887, 
but has been declined. 

ILLI>OIS ASn MISSISSIPPI CANAL (gener- 
ally known as "Hennepin Canal"), a projected 



navigable water-way in course of construction 
(1899) by the (Jeneral Government, designed to 
connect the Upper Illinois with the Mississippi 
River. Its object is to furnish a continuous 
navigable water-channel from Lake Slichigan, at 
or near Chicago, by way of the Illinois & Michi- 
gan Canal (or tlie Sanitary Drainage Canal) and 
the Illinois River, to the Mississippi at the mouth 
of Rock River, and finally to the Gulf of Mexico. 

The Route. —The canal, at its eastern end, 
leaves the Illinois River one and three-fourths 
miles above the city of Hennepin, where the 
river makes the great bend to the south. Ascend- 
ing the Bureau Creek valley, the route passes 
over the dividing ridge between the Illinois River 
and tlie Mississippi to Rock River at the mouth 
of Green River; thence bj- slack-water down 
Rock River, and around the lower rapids in that 
stream at Jlilan, to tlie Mississippi. The esti- 
mated length of the main cliannel between its 
eastern and western termini is seventy-five miles 
— the distance having been reduced by changes 
in the route after the first survej'. To tliis is to 
be added a "feeder" extending from the vicinity 
of Sheffield, on the summit-level (twenty-eight 
miles west of the starting point on the Illinois), 
north to Rock Falls on Rock River opposite the 
city of Sterling in Whiteside Comity, for the 
purpose of obtaining an adequate supply of water 
for the main canal on its higliest level. Tlie 
length of this feeder is twenty-nine miles and, as 
its dimensions are the same as those of the main 
channel, it will be navigable for vessels of the 
same class as the latter. A dam to be constructed 
at Sterling, to turn water into the feeder, will 
furnish slack-water navigation on Rock River to 
Dixon, practically lengthening the entire route 
to that extent. 

History. — The subject of such a work began to 
be actively agitated as early as 1871, and, under 
authority of various acts of Congress, preliminary 
surveys began to be made by Government engi- 
neers tliat year. In 1890 detailed i>laus and esti- 
mates, based upon these preliminary surveys, 
were submitted to Congress in accordance with 
the river and harbor act of August, 1888. Tliis 
rejxirt became the basis of an appropriation in 
tlie river and harbor act of Sept. 19, 1890, for 
carrying the work into practical execution. 
Actual work was begun on the western end of the 
canal in July, 1892, and at the eastern end in the 
spring of 1894. Since then it has lieen prosecuted 
as continuously as the appropriations made by 
Congress from year to year would permit. Ac- 
cording to the report of Major Marshall, Chief of 



288 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



Engineers in charge of the work, for the fiscal 
year ending June 30, 1898, the construction of the 
canal around the lower rapids of Rock River (four 
and one-half miles), with three locks, three 
swing bridges, two dams, besides various build- 
ings, was completed and that portion of the canal 
opened to navigation on April 17. 1895. In the 
early part of 1899, the bulk of the excavation 
and masonry on the eastern section was practi- 
cally completed, the feeder line under contract, 
and five out of the eighteen bridges required to 
be constructed in place; and it was estimated 
that the wliole line, with locks, bridges, culverts 
and aqueducts, will be completed within two 
years, at the farthest, by 1902. 

DiMENsio.Ns, Methods of Construction, Cost. 
ETC. — As already stated, the length of the main 
line is seventy-five miles, of which twenty-eight 
miles (the eastern section) is east of the junction 
of the feeder, and forty-seven miles (the western 
section) west of that point — making, with the 
twenty-nine miles of feeder, a total of one hun- 
dred and four miles, or seven miles longer than 
the Illinois & Michigan Canal. The rise from the 
Illinois River datum to the summit-level on the 
eastern section is accomplished by twenty-one 
locks with a lift of six to fourteen feet each, to 
reach an altitude of 196 feet; while the descent 
of ninety-three feet to the low-water level of the 
Mississippi on the western end is accomplished 
through ten locks, varying from six to fourteen 
feet each. The width of the canal, at the water 
surface, is eighty feet, with a dejith belojv tlie 
surface-line of seven feet. The banks are rip- 
rapped with stone the entire length of the canal. 
The locks are one hundred and seventy feet long, 
between the quoins, by thirty-five feet in width, 
admitting the passage of vessels of one hundred 
and forty feet in length and thirty-two feet beam 
and each capable of carrying six hundred tons of 
freight. 

The bulk of the masonry employed in the con- 
struction of locks, as well as abutments for 
bridges and aqueducts, is solid concrete manufac- 
tured in place, while the lock-gates and aque- 
ducts proper are of steel — the use of these 
materials resulting in a large saving in the first 
cost as to the former, and securing greater solid- 
ity and permanence in all. The concrete work, 
already completed, is found to have withstood 
the effects of ice even more successfully than 
natural stone. The smaller culverts are of iron 
piping and the framework of all the bridges of 
steel. 
The earlier estimates placed the entire cost of 



construction of the canal, locks, bridges, build- 
ings, etc., at 55,068,000 for the main channel and 
81,858,000 for the Rock River feeder— a total of 
$6,926,000. This has been reduced, however, by 
changes in the route and unexpected saving in 
the material employed for masonrj^ work. The 
total expenditure, as shown by ofBcial reports, 
up to June 30, 1898, was §1,748,905.13. The 
amount expended up to March 1, 1899, approxi- 
mated §2, .500, 000, while the amount necessary to 
complete the work (exclusive of an unexpended 
balance) was estimated, in round numbers, at 
$3,500,000. 

The completion of this work, it is estimated, 
will result in a saving of over 400 miles in water 
transportation between Chicago and the western 
terminus of the canal. In order to make the 
canal available to its full capacity between lake 
points and the Mississippi, tlie enlargement of 
the Illinois & Michigan Canal, both as to width 
and depth of channel, will be an indispensable 
necessity ; and it is anticipated that an effort will 
be made to secure action in this direction by the 
Illinois Legislature at its next session. Another 
expedient likelj' to receive strong support will be, 
to induce the General Government to accept the 
tender of the Illinois & Michigan Canal and, by 
the enlargement of the latter through its whole 
length — or, from Lockport to the Illinois River 
at La Salle, with the utilization of the Chicago 
Drainage Canal — furnish a national water-way 
between the lakes and the Gulf of Mexico of 
sufficient capacity to accommodate steamers and 
other vessels of at least 600 tons burthen. 

ILLINOIS BAND, THE, an association consist- 
ing of seven young men, then students in Yale 
College, who, in the winter of 1828-39, entered 
into a mutual compact to de%-ote their lives to the 
promotion of Christian education in the West, 
especially in Illinois. It was composed of Theron 
Baldwin, John P. 'Brooks, Mason Grosvenor, 
Elislia Jenney, William Kirby, Julian M. Sturte- 
vant and Asa Turner. All of tliese came to Illi- 
nois at an early day, and one of the first results 
of their efforts was the founding of Illinois Col- 
lege at Jacksonville, in 1829, with which all 
became associated as members of the first Board 
of Trustees, several of them so remaining to the 
close of their lives, while most of them were con- 
nected with the institution for a considerable 
period, either as members of the faculty or finan- 
cial agents — Br. Sturtevant having been Presi- 
dent for thirty-two years and an instructor or 
professor fifty-six years. (See Baldwin, Tlieron; 
Brooks, John F.; and Sturtevant, Julian M.) 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



289 



ILLINOIS CENTRAL RAILROAD, a corpo- 
ration controlling tlio principal line of railroad 
extending through the entire length of the State 
from north to soutli, besides numerous side 
branches acquired by lease during the past few 
years. The main lines are made up of three gen- 
eral divisions, extending from Chicago to Cairo, 
111. (364.73 miles); from Ceiitralia to Dubuque, 
Iowa, (340.77 miles), and from Cairo to New 
Orleans, La. (547.79 miles) — making a total of 
1,253.29 miles of main line, of which 705.5 miles 
are in Illinois. Besides this the company con- 
trols, through lease and stock ownership, a large 
number of lateral branches which are operated 
by the company, making the total mileage 
officially reported up to June 30, 1898, 3,130.21 
miles. — (History.) The Illinois Central Railroad 
is not only one of the lines earliest projected in 
the liistory of the State, but has been most inti- 
mately connected with its development. The 
project of a road starting from the mouth of the 
Ohio and extending northward through the State 
is said to have been suggested by Lieut. -Gov. 
Alexander M. Jenkins as early as 1832; was 
advocated by the late Judge Sidney Breeso and 
others in 1835 under the name of the Wabash & 
Mississippi Railroad, ami took the form of a 
charter granted by the Legislature in Januarj', 
1836, to the first "Illinois Central Railroad Com- 
pany," to construct a road from Cairo to a point 
near the southern terminus of the Illinois & 
Michigan Canal. Nothing was done under this 
act, although an organization was effected, with 
Governor Jenkins as President of the Company. 
The Company surrendered its charter the next 
year and the work was undertaken by the State, 
tinder the internal improvement act of 1837, and 
considerable money expended without complet- 
ing any portion of the line. The State having 
abandoned the enterprise, the Legislature, in 
1843, incorporated the "Great Western Railway 
Company" under what came to be known as tho 
"Holbrook cliarter," to be organized under tho 
auspices of the Cairo City & Canal Company, 
the line to connect the termini named in the 
charter of 1836, via Vandalia, Shelbyville, 
Decatur and Bloomington. Considerable money 
was expended under this charter, but the scheme 
again failed of completion, and the act was 
repealed in 1845. A charter under the same 
name, with some modification a.s to organization, 
was renewed in 1849. — In January, 1850, Senator 
Douglas introduced a bill in the United States 
Senate making a grant to the State of Illinois of 
alternate sections of land along the line of a 



proposed road extending from Cairo to Duluth in 
the northwest corner of the State, with a brancli 
to Chicago, which bill passed'the Senate in May 
of the same year and the House in September, 
and became the basis of the Illinois Central Rail- 
road Company as it exists today. Previous to 
the passage of this act. however, the Cairo City 
& Canal Company had been induced to execute a 
full surrender to the State of its riglits and privi- 
leges under the "Holbrook charter." Tliis was 
followed in February, 1851, by the act of the 
Legislature incorporating the Illinois Central 
Railroad Company, and assigning thereto (under 
specified conditions) the grant of lands received 
from the General Government. This grant 
covered alternate sections within six miles of the 
line, or the equivalent thereof (when such lands 
were not vacant), to be placed on lands within 
fifteen miles of the line. The number of acres 
thus assigned to the Company was 2,595,000, 
(about 3.840 acres per mile), which were con- 
veyed to Trustees as security for the performance 
of the work. An engineering party, organized 
at Chicago, May 21. 1851, began the pr«lim- 
inary survey of the Chicago branch, and 
before the end of the year the whole line was 
surveyed and staked out The first contract for 
grading was let on March 15, 1852. being for that 
portion between Chicago and Kensington (then 
known as Calumet). 14 miles. This was opened 
for trafl5c, May 24, 1852, and over it the Michigan 
Central, which had been in course of construction 
from»the east, obtained trackage rights to enter 
Chicago. Later, contracts were let for other 
sections, some of them in June, and the last on 
Oct. 14, 1852. In May, 1853, the section from 
La Salle to Bloomington (61 miles) was com- 
pleted and opened for business, a temporary 
bridge being constructed over the Illinois near 
La Salle, and cars hauled to the top of the bluff 
with cliains and cable by means of a stationary 
engine. In July, 18.54, the Chicago Division was 
put in operation to Urbana, 128 miles; the main 
line from Cairo to I^a Salle (301 miles), completed 
Jan. 8, 1855, and the line from La Salle to Duluth 
(now East Dubuque), 146.73 miles, on June 12, 
1855_the entire road (705.5 miles) being com- 
pleted, Sept. 27. 1856.— (Financial Statement.) 
The share capital of the road was originally 
fixed at $17,000,000, but previous to 1869 it liad 
been increased to §25,500,000, and during 1873-74 
to 529.000,000. The present capitalization (1898) 
is §163,352,593, of which §52,500,000 is in stock, 
§.52,680,925 in bonds, and §51,367.000 in miscel- 
laneous obligations. The total cost of the road 



290 



HISTOEICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



in Illinois, as shown by a report made in 1889, was 
$3,5,110,609. By the terms of its charter the 
corporation is exempt from taxation, but in lieu 
thereof is required to pay into the State treasury, 
seniiannuall3', seven per cent upon the gross 
earnings of the line in Illinois. The sum thus 
paid into the State treasury from Oct. 31, 18.55, 
when the first payment of §29,751.59 was made, 
up to and including Oct. 31, 1898, aggregated 
$17,315,193.24. The last payment (October, 1898), 
amounted to §334,527.01. The largest payment 
in the history of the road was that of October, 
1893, amounting, for the preceding six months, to 
$4.50,170 34. The net income of the main Une in 
Illinois, for the year ending June 30, 1898, was 
$12,299,021, and the total expenditures within the 
State §12,831,161.— (Leased Lines) The first 
addition to the Illinois Central System was made 
in 1867 in the acquisition, by lease, of the Dubuque 
& Sioux City Railroad, extending from Dubuque 
to Sioux Falls, Iowa. Since then it has extended 
its Iowa connections, by the construction of new 
lines and the acquisition or extension of others. 
The most important addition to the line outside 
of the State of Illinois was an arrangement 
effected, in 1872, with the New Orleans, Jackson & 
Great Nortliern, and the Mississippi Central Rail- 
roads — with which it previously had traffic con- 
nections — giving it control of a line from Jackson, 
Tenn., to New Orleans, La. At first, connection 
was had between the Illinois Central at Cairo and 
the Southern Divisions of the system, by means 
of transfer steamers, but subsequently the gap 
was filled in and the through line opened to traffic 
in December, 1873. In 1874 the New Orleans, 
Jackson & Great Northern and the Mississippi 
Central roads were consolidated under the title 
of the New Orleans, St. Louis & Chicago Railroad, 
but the new corporation defaulted on its interest 
in 1876. The Illinois Central, which was the 
owner of a majority of the bonds of the constitu- 
ent lines which went to make up the New Orleans, 
St. Louis & Chicago Railroad, then acquired 
ownership of the whole line by foreclosure pro- 
ceedings in 1877, and it was reorganized, on Jan. 
1, 1878, under the name of the Chicago, St. Louis 
& New Orleans Railroad, and placed in charge of 
one of the Vice-Presidents of the Illinois Central 
Company. — (Illinois Branches.) The more im- 
portant branches of the Illinois Central witliin the 
State include: (1) The Springfield Division from 
Chicago to Springfield (111.47 miles), chartered 
in 1867, and opened in 1871 as the Gilman, Clinton 
& Springfield Railroad ; passed into the hands of 
a receiver in 1873, sold under foreclosure in 1876, 



and leased, in 1878, for fifty years, to the Illinois 
Central Railroad; (2) The Rantoul Division from 
Leroy to the Indiana State line (66.21 miles in 
Illinois), chartered in 1876 as the Havana, Ran- 
toul & Eastern Railroad, built as a narrow-gauge 
line and operated in 1881 ; afterwards changed to 
standard-gauge, and controlled by the Wabash, 
St. Louis & Pacific until May, 1884, when it passed 
into the hands of a receiver ; in December of the 
same year taken in charge by the bondholders ; in 
1885 again placed in the hands of a receiver, and, 
in October, 1886, sold to the niinois Central: (3) 
The Chicago, Havana & Western Railroad, from 
Havana to Champaign, with a branch from White- 
heath to Decatur (total, 131.62 miles), constructed 
as the western extension of the Indianapolis, 
Bloomington & Western, and opened in 1873; sold 
under foreclosure in 1879 and organized as the 
Champaign, Havana & Western; in 1880 pur- 
chased by the Wabash, St. Louis & Pacific; in 
1884 taken possession of by the mortgage trustees 
and, in September, 1886, sold under foreclosure to 
the Illinois Central Railroad: (4) The Freeport 
Division, from Chicago by way of Freeport to 
Madison, Wis. (140 miles in Illinois), constructed 
under a charter granted to the Chicago, Madison 
& Northern Railroad (which see), opened for 
traffic in 1888, and transferred to the Illinois 
Central Railroad Company in January, 1889: (5) 
The Kankakee & Southwestern (131.26 miles), 
constructed from Kankakee to Bloomington 
under the charters of the Kankakee & Western 
and tlie Kankakee & Southwestern Railroads; 
acquired by the Illinois Central in 1878, begun in 
1880, and extended to Bloomington in 1883 : and 
(6) The St. Louis, Alton & Terre Haute (which 
see under its old name). Other Illinois branch 
lines of less importance embrace the Blue Island ; 
the Chicago & Texas; the Mound City ; the South 
Chicago; the St. Louis, Belleville & Southern, 
and the St. Charles Air-Line, which furnishes 
an entrance to the City of Chicago over an ele- 
vated track. The total length of these IlUnois 
branches in 1898 was 919.72 miles, with the main 
lines making the total mileage of the company 
within the State 1,624.22 miles. For several years 
up to 1895 the Illinois Central had a connection 
with St. Louis over the line of the Terre Haute & 
Indianapolis from Effingham, but this is now 
secured by way of the Springfield Division and 
the main line to Pana, whence its trains pass over 
the old Indianapolis & St. Louis — now the Cleve- 
land, Cincinnati, Chicago & St. Louis Railway. 
Between June 30, 1897 and April 30, 1898, branch 
lines in the Southern States (chiefly in Kentucky 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



291 



and Tennessee), to the extent of 670 miles, were 
added to the Illinois Central Sj'steni. The Cairo 
Bridge, constructed across the Ohio River near 
its mouth, at a cost of .$3,000,000. for the jjurpose of 
connecting the Northern and Southern Divi.sions 
of the Illinois Central System, and one of the 
most stupendous structures of its kind in the 
worlil, belongs wholly to the Illinois Central 
Railroad Company. (See Cairo Bridge.) 

ILLI.NOIS COLLEGE, an institution of learn- 
ing at Jacksonville, 111., which was the first to 
graduate a collegiate class in the history of the 
State. It had its origin in a movement inaugu- 
rated about 1827 or 1828 to secure the location, at 
some point in Illinois, of a seminary or college 
which would give the youth of the State the 
opportimity of aciiuiring a higher education. 
.Some of the most influential factors in this move- 
ment were already citizens of Jacksonville, or 
contemplated becoming such. In January, 1828, 
the outline of a plan for such an institution was 
drawn up by Rev. John M. Ellis, a home missionary 
of the Presbyterian Church, and Hon. Samuel D. 
Lockwood. then a Justice of the Sujjreme Court 
of the State, as a V)asis for soliciting subscriptions 
for the organization of a stock-company to carry 
the enterprise into execution. The plan, as then 
proposed, contemplated provision for a depart- 
ment of female education, at least until a separate 
institution could be furnished — %vhich, if not a 
forerunner of the co-educational system now so 
much in vogue, at least foreshadowed the estab- 
lishment of the Jacksonville Female Seminary, 
which soon followed the founding of the college. 
A few months after these preliminary steps were 
taken, Mr. Ellis was brought into communication 
with a group of j'oung men at Yale College (see 
"Illinois Band") who had entered into a com- 
pact to devote their lives to the cause of educa- 
tional and missionary work in the West, and out 
of the union of these two forces, soon afterwards 
effected, grew Illinois College. The organization 
of the "Illinois'" or "Yale Band," was formally 
consummated in February. 182!). and before the 
close of the year a fund of .$10,000 for the jiurpose 
of laying the foundation of the proposed institu- 
tion in Illinois had been pledged by friends of 
education in the East, a beginning had teen made 
in the erection of buildings on the present site of 
Illinois College at Jack.sonville, and, in Decem- 
ber of the same year, the work of instruction of 
a preparatory class had teen tegun by Rev. Julian 
M. Sturtevant. who had taken the place of "avant- 
courier" of the movement. A year later (\n^\) 
Rev. Edward Beecher, the oldest son of the inde- 



fatigable Lyman Beecher, and brother of Henry 
Ward — already then well known as a leader in 
the ranks of those opposed to slavery — had be- 
come identified with the new eiiterpri.se and 
a.ssumed the position of its first President. Such 
was the j)rejudice again.st "Yankees " in Illinois 
at that time, and the jealousy of theological influ- 
ence in education, that it was not until 1830 that 
the friends of the institution were able to secure 
a charter from the Legislature. An ineffectual 
attempt had been made in 1830, and when it was 
finally granted, it was in the form of an "omni- 
bus bill" including three other institutions, but 
with restrictions as to the amount of real estate 
that might be held, and prohibiting the organiza- 
tion of theological dei)artments, both of which 
were subsequently repealed. (See Early Col- 
leges.) The same year the college graduated its 
first class, consisting of two memters — Richard 
Yates, afterwards War Governor and United 
States Senator, and Rev. Jonathan Spillman, the 
composer of "Sweet Afton." Limited as w.asthis 
first output of alumni, it was politically and 
morally strong. In 1843 a medical department 
was established, but it was abandoned five years 
later for want of adeqiiate support. Dr. Beecher 
retired from the Presidency in 18-14, when he was 
succeeded by Dr. Sturtevant, who continued in 
that capacity until 1876 (thirty-two years), when 
he became Professor Emeritus, remaining until 
1885 — his connection with the institution cover- 
ing a period of fifty -six years. Others who have 
occupied the position of President include Rufus 
C. Crampton (acting), 1876-82; Rev. Edward A. 
Tanner, 1882-92; and Dr. John E. Bradley, the 
incumbent from 1892 to 1899. Among the earli- 
est and influential friends of the institution, 
besides Judge Lockwood already mentioned, may 
be enumerated such names as Gov. Joseph Dun- 
can, Thomas Mather. Winthrop S. Oilman, 
Frederick Collins and William H. Brown (of 
Chicago), all of whom were members of the early 
Board of Trustees. It was found necessary to 
maintain a preparatory department for many 
years to fit pupils for the college cla.sses proper, 
and, in 1860, Wliipple Academy was established 
and provided with a separate building for this 
purpose. The standard of admission to the col- 
lege course has been gradually advanced, keeping 
abreast, in this respect, of other .\merican col- 
leges. At present the institution has a faculty of 
1.5 memters and an endowment of some §1.50.000, 
with a library (1898) numbering over 15,000 vol- 
umes and property valued at ?360.000. Degrees 
are conferred in both classical and scientific 



292 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



courses in tlie college proper. The list of alumni 
embraces some 750 names, including many who 
have been prominent in State and National 
affairs. 

ILLINOIS COUNTY, the name given to the 
first civil organization of tlie territorj' northwest 
of tlie Oliio River, after its conquest by Col. George 
Rogers Clark in 1778. This was done by act of 
the Virginia House of Delegates, passed in 
October of the same year, which, among other 
things, provided as follows: "The citizens of the 
commonwealth of Virginia, who are already set- 
tled, or shall hereafter settle, on the western side of 
the Oliio, shall be included in a distinct county 
which shall be called Illinois County; and the 
Governor of this commonwealth, with the advice 
of the Council, may appoint a County-Lieutenant 
or Commandantin-chief of the county during 
pleasure, who shall take the oath of fidelity to 
this commonwealth and the oath of office accord- 
ing to tlie form of their own religion. And all 
civil offices to which the inhabitants have been 
accustomed, necessary for the preservation of the 
peace and the administration of justice, shall be 
chosen by a majority of the citizens of their re- 
spective districts, to be convened for that purpose 
by the County-Lieutenant or Commandant, or his 
deputy, and shall be commissioned by said 
County-Lieutenant." As the Commonwealth of 
Virginia, by virtue of Colonel Clark's conquest, 
then claimed jurisdiction over the entire region 
west of the Ohio River and east of the Mississippi, 
Illinois County nominally embraced the territory 
comprised within the limits of the present States 
of Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Michigan and Wiscon- 
sin, though the settlements were limited to the 
vicinity of Kaskaskia, Vincennes (in the present 
State of Indiana) and Detroit. Col. John Todd, 
of Kentucky, was appointed by Gov. Patrick 
Henry, the first Lieutenant-Commandant under 
this act, holding office two years. Out of Illinois 
County were subsequently organized the follow- 
ing counties by "order" of Gov. Arthur St. Clair, 
after his assumption of the duties of Governor, 
following the passage, by Congress, of the Ordi- 
nance of 1787, creating the Northwest Territory, 



VIZ. : 

Name 

Washington 

Hamiltou 



Knox 
Kaiidolph 



County-Seat 

Marietta 

Cincinnati 
t Caholcia 
i Prairie du Rocher 
( Kasliaslvia 

Post St. Viucennea 

Kaskaslcia 



Date op Organization 
July 27. 1788 
Jan. 4. 1790 

April 27, 1790 



June 20. 1790 
Oct. 5, 1795 



Washington, originallj' comprising the State of 
Ohio, was reduced, on the organization of Hamil- 
ton County, to the eastern portion, Hamilton 



County embracing the west, with Cincinnati 
(originally called "Losantiville, " near old Fort 
Wasliington) as the county seat. St. Clair, the 
third county orgamzed out of this territory, at 
first had virtually tliree county -seats, but divi- 
sions and jealousies among the people and officials 
in reference to the place of deposit for the records, 
resulted in the issue, five years later, of an order 
creating the new county of Randolph, the second 
in the "Illinois Country" — these (Sf. Clair and 
Randolph) constituting the two counties into 
which it was divided at the date of organization 
of Illinois Territory. Out of these events grew 
the title of "Mother of Counties" given to Illinois 
County as the original of all the counties in the 
five States northwest of tlie Ohio, while St. Clair 
County inherited the title as to the State of 
Illinois. (See Illinois; also St. Clair, Arthur, 
and Todd, (Col) John.) 

ILLINOIS FARMERS' RAILROAD. (See 
Jacksonville d' St. Lonis Railway.) 

ILLINOIS FEMALE COLLEGE, a flourishing 
institution for the education of women, located 
at Jacksonville and incorporated in 1847. While 
essentially unsectarian in teaching, it is con- 
trolled by the Jlethodist Episcopal denomination. 
Its first charter was granted to the "Illinois Con- 
ference Female Academy" in 1847, but four years 
later the charter was amended and the name 
changed to the present cognomen. The cost of 
building and meager support in early years 
brought on bankruptcj'. The friends of the insti- 
tution rallied to its support, however, and the 
purchasers at the foreclosure sale (all of whom 
were friends of Methodist education) donated the 
property to what was technically a new institu- 
tion. A second charter was obtained from the 
State in 1863, and the restrictions imposed upon 
the grant were such as to prevent alienation of 
title, by either conveyance or mortgage. While 
the college has only a small endowment fund 
(§2,000) it owns §60,000 worth of real property, 
besides §9,000 invested in apparatus and library. 
Preparatory and collegiate departments are main- 
tained, both classical and scientific courses being 
established in the latter. Instruction is also 
given in fine arts, elocution and music. The 
faculty (1898) numbers 15, and there are about 170 
students. 

ILLINOIS FEMALE REFORM SCHOOL. (See 
Home for Female Offenders.) 
. ILLINOIS INDIANS, a confederation belong- 
ing to the Algonquin family and embracing five 
tribes, viz. : the Cahokias, Kaskaskias, Mitcha- 
gamies, Peorias and Tamaroas. They early ocou- 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



293 



pied Illinois, with adjacent portions of Iowa, 
Wisconsin and Missouri. Tlie name is derived 
from mini, "man," the Indian plural "ek" being 
clianged by tlie French to "ois." Tliey were 
intensely warlike, being almost constantly in 
conflict with the Winnebagoes, the Iroquois, 
Sioux and other tribes. Tliej' were migratory 
and depended for subsistence largeh- on the sum- 
mer and winter hunts. They dwelt in rudely 
constructed cabins, each accommodating about 
eight families. They were always faithful allies 
of the French, whom they heartily welcomed in 
1C73. French missionaries labored earnestly 
among them — notably Fathers Marquette, AUouez 
and Gravier — who reduced their language to 
grammatical rules. Their most distinguished 
Chief was Chicagou, who was sent to France, 
where he was welcomed with the honors accorded 
to a foreign prince. In their wars with the 
Foxes, from 1712 to 1719, they suffered severely, 
their numliers being reduced to 3,000 souls. The 
assassination of Pontiac by a Kaskaskian in 1765, 
was avenged by the lake tribes in a war of ex- 
termination. After taking part with the Miamis 
in a war against the United States, they partici- 
pated in the treaties of (ireenville and Vincennes, 
and were gradually removed farther and farther 
toward the AVest, the small remnant of about 175 
being at present (ISSKi) on the Quapaw reservation 
in Indian Territory. (See also Cahokias: Foxes; 
Iroquois; Kaskaskitis; Mitchagamies; Peorias; 
Tnmaroas: and Winnebagoes.) 

ILLINOIS IXSTITUTIOX FOR THE EDU- 
CATION OF THE BLIND, located at Jackson- 
ville. The institution had its incei)tion in a school 
for the blind, opened in that town in 1847, by 
Samuel Bacon, who was himself blind. The 
State Institution was created l)y act of the Legis- 
lature, i)assed Jan. 13, 1849, which was introduced 
by Richard Yates, then a Representative, and 
was first opened in a rented house, early in 1850, 
under the temporary supervision of Mr. Bacon. 
.Soon afterward twenty-two acres of ground were 
purchased in the eastern part of the city and the 
erection of permanent buildings commenced. By 
Januar)-, 18.')4, they were ready for use, but fif- 
teen years later were destroyed by fire. Work on 
a new building was beg\in without unnecessary 
delay and the same was completed by 1874. 
Numerous additions of wings and shops have 
since been made, and the institution, in its build- 
ings and appointments, is now one of the most 
complete in the country. Instruction (as far as 
practicable) is given in rudimentary English 
branches, and in such mechanical trades antl 



avocations as may best qualify the inmates to be- 
come self-supporting upon their return to active 
life. 

ILLINOIS MASONIC ORPHANS' HOME, an 
institution established in the city of Chicago 
under the auspices of the Masonic Fraternity of 
Illinois, for the purpose of furnishing a homo for 
the destitute children of decea.sed members of the 
Order. The total receipts of the institution, dur- 
ing the year 189."), were $-'9,204.98, and the 
expenditures, §27,2,'J8.70. The number of bene- 
ficiaries in the Home, Dec. 31, 1895, was 61. The 
Institution owns real estate valued at §75,000. 

ILLINOIS MIDLAND RAILROAD. (See Terre 
Haute & Peoria Railroad.) 

ILLINOIS RIVER, the most important stream 
within the State ; has a length of about 500 miles, 
of which about 245 are navigable. It is formed 
by the junction of the Kankakee and Des Plaines 
Rivers at a point in Grundy County, some 45 
miles southwest of Chicago. Its course is west, 
then southwest, and finally south, until it 
empties into the Mississippi about 20 miles north 
of the mouth of the Missouri. The Illinois & 
Michigan Canal connects its waters with Lake 
Michigan. Manjuette and Joliet ascended the 
stream in 1673 and were probably its first white 
visitants. Later (1679-82) it was explored by 
La Salle, Tonty, Hennepin .and others. 

ILLINOIS RIVER RAILROAD. (See Chicago, 
Peoria <& St. Louis Railruad of Illinois.) 

ILLINOIS SANITARY COMMISSION, a vol- 
untary organization formed pursuant to a sug- 
gestion of Governor Yates, shortly after the 
battle of Fort Donelson (1862). Its object was 
the relief of soldiers in actual service, whether on 
the march, in camp, or in liospitals. State Agents 
were appointed for the distribution of relief, for 
which purpose large sums were collected and dis- 
tributed. The work of the Commission was later 
formally recognized by the Legislature in the 
enactment of a law authorizing the Governor to 
appoint "Militarj- State Agents," who sliould 
receive compensation from the State treasury. 
Many of these "agents" were selected from the 
ranks of the workers in the Sanitary Commission, 
and a great impetus was therebj- imparted to its 
voluntary work. Auxiliarj' associations were 
formed all over the State, and funds were readily 
obtained, a considerable proportion of which was 
derived from ".Sanitary Fairs." 

ILLINOIS SCHOOL OF AGRICULTURE AND 
MANUAL TRAINING FOR BOYS, an institution 
for the training of dependent boys, organized 
under the act of March 28, 1895, which was in 



294 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



effect a re-enactment of the statute approved in 
1883 and amended in 1885. Its legally defined 
object is to provide a home and proper training 
for such boys as may be committed to its charge. 
Commitments are made by the County Courts of 
Cook and contiguous counties. The school is 
located at Glenwood, in the county of Cook, and 
was first opened for the reception of inmates in 
1888. Its revenues are derived, in part, from 
voluntary contributions, and in part from pay- 
ments by the counties sending boys to the institu- 
tion, which payments are fixed by law at ten 
dollars per month for each boy, during the time 
he is actually an inmate. In 1898 nearly one-half 
of the entire income came from the former 
source, but the surplus remaining in the treasury 
at the end of any fiscal year is never large. The 
school is under the inspectional control of the 
State Commissioners of Public Charities, as 
though it were an institution founded and main- 
tained by the State. The educational curriculum 
closely follows that of the ordinary grammar 
schools, pupils being trained in eight grades, sub- 
stantially along the lines established in the public 
schools. In addition, a military drill is taught, 
with a view to developing physical strength, 
command of limbs, and a graceful, manly car- 
riage. Since the Home was organized there have 
been received (down to 1899), 2,333 boys. The 
industrial training given the inmates is both 
agricultural and mechanical, — the institution 
owning a good, fairly-sized farm, and operating 
well equipped industrial shops for the education 
of pupils. A fair proportion of the boys devote 
themselves to learning trades, and not a 
few develop into excellent workmen. One of the 
purposes of the school is to secure homes for ihose 
thought likely to prove creditable members of 
respectable households. During the eleven years 
of its existence nearly 2,200 boys have been placed 
in homes, and usually with the most satisfactory 
results. The legal safeguards thrown around 
the ward are of a comprehensive and binding 
sort, so far as regards the parties who take the 
children for either adoption or apprenticeship — 
the welfare of the ward alwa3's being the object 
primarily aimed at. Adoption is preferred to 
institutional life by the administration, and the 
result usually justifies their judgment. Many of 
the ptipils are returned to their families or 
friends, after a mild course of correctional treat- 
ment. The system of government adopted is 
analogous to that of the "cottage plan" employed 
in many reformatory institutions throughout the 
country. An "administration building" stands 



in the center of a group of structures, each of 
which has its own individual name; — Clancy 
Hall, Wallace, Plymouth, Beecher, Pope,Windsor, 
Lincoln, Suunyside and Sheridan. While never 
a suppliant for benefactions, the Home has always 
attracted the attention of philanthropists who 
are interested in the care of society's waifs. The 
average annual number of inmates is about 275. 

ILLINOIS WESLEYAJf UMVERSITY, the 
leading educational institution of the Methodist 
Church in Illinois, south of Chicago; incorpo- 
rated in 1853 and located at Bloomington. It is 
co-educational, has a faculty of 34 instructors, 
and reports 1,106 students in 1896 — 458 male and 
648 female. Besides the usual literary and scien- 
tific departments, instruction is given in theology, 
music and oratory. It also has preparatory and 
business courses. It has a library of 6,000 vol- 
umes and reports funds and endowment aggre- 
gating §187,999, and property to the value of 
.$380,999. 

ILLINOIS & INDIANA RAILROAD. (See 
Indiana. Decatur d- ]]'estern Railiray.) 

ILLINOIS & SOUTHEASTERN RAILROAD. 
(See Baltimore & Ohio Southwestern Railroad.) 

ILLINOIS & SOUTHERN IOWA RAILROAD. 
(See Wahash Railroad.) 

ILLINOIS & ST. LOUIS RAILROAD & COAL 
COMPANY. (See Louisville, Evansville & St. 
Louis (consolidated) Railroad.) 

ILLINOIS & WISCONSIN RAILROAD. (See 
Chicago & Northwestern Railivay.) 

ILLIOPOLIS, a village in Sangamon County, 
on the Wabash Railway, 20 miles east of Spring- 
field. It occupies a position nearh' in the geo- 
graphical center of the State and is in tlie heart 
of what is generally termed the corn belt of Cen- 
tral Illinois. It has banks, several cliurches, a 
graded school and three newspapers. Population 
(1880), 686; (1890), 689; (1900), 744. 

INDIAN MOUNDS. (See Mound-Builders, 
Works of The.) 

INDIAN TREATIES. The various treaties 
made by the General Government with the 
Indians, which affected Illinois, may be summa- 
rized as follows : Treaty of Greenville, August 3, 
1795 — ceded 11,808,409 acres of land for the sum 
of $210,000; negotiated by Gen. Anthony Waj'ne 
with the Delawares, Ottawas, Miamis, Wyandots, 
Shawnees, Pottawatomies, Chippewas, Kaskas- 
kias, Kickapoos, Piankeshaws and Eel River 
Indians: First Treaty of Fort Wayne, June 7, 
1803— ceded 2,038,400 acres in consideration of 
$4,000; negotiated by Governor Harrison with 
the Delawares, Kickapoos, Miamis, Pottawato- 



HISTOKICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



295 



mies, and Shawnees: First Treaty of Vincennes, 
August 13, 1803— ceded K.91 1,850 acres for §12,000; 
negotiated by Governor Harrison with the Caho- 
kias, Kaskaskias and Mitchagamies. First Treaty 
of St. Louis, Nov. 3, 1804— ceded 14,803,530 acres 
in consideration of §23,234; negotiated by Gov- 
ernor Harrison with the Sacs and Foxes; Seconil 
Treaty of Vincennes, Dec. 30, 1805— ceded 2,G76, 1,50 
acres for §4, 100 ; negotiated by Governor Harrison 
witli the Piankesliaws: Second Treaty of Fort 
Wayne, Sept. 30, 1809 — ceded 3,900,000 acres; 
negotiated by Governor Harrison with the Dela- 
wares. Eel River, Miamis, Pottawatomies and 
Weas: Third Treaty of Vincennes, Dec. 9, 1809 
—ceded 138,240 acres for §37,000; negotiated by 
Governor Harrison with the Kickapoos: Second 
Treaty of St. Louis, Aug. 24, ISlC— ceded 1,418.400 
acres in consideration of §12,000; negotiated by 
Governor Edwards, William Clark and A. Chou- 
teau with the Chippewas, Ottawas and Pottawato- 
mies: Treaty of Edwardsville, Sept. 30, 1818— 
ceded 6,865,280 acres for .$6,400; negotiated by 
Governor Edwards and A. Chouteau with the 
Illinois and Peorias: Treaty of St. Mary's, Oct. 
2, 1818— ceded 11,000,000 acres for §33,000; nego- 
tiated by Gen. Lewis Ca.ss and others with the 
Weas: Treaty of Fort Harrison, Aug. 30, 1819— 
negotiated by Benjamin Parke with the Kicka- 
poos of the Vermilion, ceding 3.173,130 acres for 
§23,000: Treaty of St. Joseph, Sept. 20, 1828— 
ceded 990,720 acres in consideration of §189,795; 
negotiated by Lewis Cass and Pierre Menard with 
the Pottawatomies : Treaty of Prairie du Chien, 
Jan. 2, 1830— ceded 4,160,000 acres for §390,601; 
negotiated by Pierre Jlenard and others with 
the Cliippewas, Ottawas and Pottawatomies: 
First Treaty of Chicago, Oct. 20, 1832— ceded 
1,536,000 acres for §460,348; negotiated with 
the Pottawatomies of the Prairie: Treaty of 
Tippecanoe, Oct. 27, 1832— by it the Pottawato- 
mies of Indiana ceded 737,000 acres, in consider- 
ation of §400,121 : Second Treaty of Chicago, Sept. 
26, 1833 — by it the Chippewas, Ottawas and Pot- 
tawatomies ceded 5,104,960 acres for §7,624,289: 
Treaties of Fort Armstrong and Prairie du Chien, 
negotiated 1829 and "33— by wliich the Winne- 
bagoes ceded 10,346,000 acres in exchange for 
$5,195,2.52: Second Treaty of St. Louis, Oct. 27, 
1832 — the Kaskaskias and Peorias ceding 1,900 
acres in consideration of $155,780. (See also 
Greenville, Trnitij of.) 

IXDI AX TRIBES. {Be» Algonquim: Illinois 
Indians; Kaskaakias; Kickapoo.i; jVinnu'.s; Oiita- 
gamie.i; Piankesliaws; Pottawatomies; Sacs and 
Foxes; Weas; Winnebagoes.) 



INDIANA, BLOOMINGTOX & WESTERN 
RAILWAY. (See Peoria & Eastern Railroad.) 

INDIANA, DECATUR i WESTERN RAIL- 
WAY. The entire length of line is 1.52.5 miles, of 
which 75.75 miles (with yard-tracks and sidings 
amounting to 8 86 miles) lie within Illinois. It 
extends from Decatur almost due east to the 
Indiana State line, and has a single track of 
standard gauge, with a right of way of 100 feet 
The rails are of .steel, well adapted to the traffic, 
and the ballasting is of gravel, earth and cinders. 
The bridges (chiefly of wood) are of standard 
design and well maintained. The amount of 
capital stock outstanding (1898) is §1,824,000, or 
11,998 per mile; total capitalization (including 
stock and all indebtedness) 3,733,983. The total 
earnings and income in Illinois, §240.8.50. (His- 
tory.) The first organization of this road em- 
braced two companies — the Indiana & Illinois and 
the Illinois & Indiana— which were consolidated, 
in 1853, under the name of the Indiana & Illinois 
Central Railroad Company. In 1875 the latter 
was sold under foreclosure and organized as the 
Indianapolis, Decatur & Springfield Railway 
Company, at which time the section from Decatur 
to Montezuma, Ind., was opened. It was com- 
pleted to Indianapolis in 1880. In 1883 it was 
leased to the Indiana, Bloomington & Western 
Railroad Company, and operated to 1885, when 
it passed into the hands of a receiver, was sold 
under foreclosure in 1887 and reorganized under 
the name of the Indianapolis, Decatur & West- 
ern. Again, in 1889, default was made and the 
property, after being operated by trustees, was 
sold in 1894 to two companies called the Indiana, 
Decatur & Western Railway Company (in Indi- 
ana) and the Decatur & Eastern Railway Com- 
pany (in Illinois). These were consolidated in 
July, 1895, under the present name (Indiana, 
Decatur & Western Railway Company). In 
December, 1895, the entire capital stock was 
purchased by the Cincinnati, Hamilton & Dayton 
Railway Company, and the line is now operated 
as a part of that system. 

INDIANA, ILLINOIS & IOWA RAILROAD. 
This line extends from Streator Junction 1.8 
nules south of Streator, on the line of the .Streator 
Division of the Wabash Railroad, easterly to the 
Indiana State Line. The total length of the line 
is 151.78 miles, of which 69.61 miles are in Illi- 
nois. Between Streator Junction and Streator, 
the line is owned by the Wabash Company, but 
this company pays rental for trackage facilities. 
Alx)ut 75 per cent of the ties are of wliite-oak, 
the remainder being of cedar ; the rails are 5&-lb. 



296 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS 



steel, and the ballasting is of broken stone, gravel, 
sand, cinders and earth. A policy of permanent 
improvements has been adopted, and is being 
carried forward. The principal traffic is the 
transportation of freiglit. The outstanding capi- 
tal stock (Jime 30, 1898) was S3..597,800; bonded 
debt, $1,800,000; total capitalization, §5,517,739; 
total earnings and income in Illinois for 1898, 
S413,9G7; total expenditures in the State, §303,- 
3'14. — (History.) ThLs road was chartered Dec. 
37, 1881, and organized by the consolidation of 
three roads of the same name (Indiana, Illinois & 
Iowa, respectively), opened to Momence, 111., in 
1883. and through its entire length, Sept. 15, 1883. 

INDIANA & ILLINOIS CENTRAL RAIL- 
ROAD. (See Indiana, Decatur & Western Rail- 
way. ) 

INDIANA & ILLINOIS RAILROAD. (See 
Indiana. Decatur & ^Vestern Railway.) 

INDIANA k ILLINOIS SOUTHERN RAIL- 
ROAD. (See St. Lotiis, Indianapolis <fc Eastern 
Railroad.) 

INDIANAPOLIS, BLOOMINGTON & WEST- 
ERN RAILROAD. (See Illinois Central Rail- 
road: also Peoria. & Eastern Railroad.) 

INDIANAPOLIS, DECATUR & SPRING- 
FIELD RAILROAD. (See Indiana, Decatur & 
Wentcrn Raihratj.) 

INDIANAPOLIS, DECATUR & WESTERN 
RAILWAY. (See Indiana, Decatur & Western 
Railway. ) 

INDIANAPOLIS & ST. LOUIS RAILWAY. 
(See St. Louis, Alton & Terre Haute Railroad.) 

INDUSTRIAL HOME FOR THE BLIND, a 
State Institution designed to furnish the means 
of employment to dependent blind persons of 
both sexes, established under authority of an act 
of the Tjegislature passed at the session of 1893. 
The institution is located at Douglas Park Boule- 
vard and West Nineteenth Street, in the city of 
Chicago. It includes a four-story factory with 
steam-plant attached, besides a four-story build- 
ing for residence purposes. It was opened in 
1894, and, in December, 1897, had 62 inmates, of 
whom 13 were females. The Fortieth General 
Assembly appropriated $13,900 for repairs, appli- 
ances, library, etc., and $8,000 per annum for 
ordinary expenses 

INGERSOLL, Ebon C, Congressman, was born 
in Oneida County, N. Y., Dec. 13, 1831. His first 
remove was to Paducah, Ky., where he com- 
pleted his education. He studied law and was 
admitted to the bar ; removing this time to Illi- 
nois and settling in Gallatin County, in 1842. In 
1856 he was elected to represent Gallatin County 



in the lower house of the General Assembly ; in 
1863 was the Republican candidate for Congress 
for the State-at-large, but defeated by J. C. 
Allen; and, in 1864, was chosen to fill the unex- 
pired term of Owen Lovejoy, deceased, as Repre- 
sentative in the Thirty -eighth Congress. He was 
re-elected to the Thirty-ninth, Fortieth and 
Forty-first Congresses, his term expiring, March 
4, 1871. He was a brother of Col. Robert G. 
Ingersoll, and was, for some years, associated with 
him in tlie practice of law at Peoria, his home. 
Died, in Washington, May 31, 1879. 

INGERSOLL, Robert Green, lawyer and sol- 
dier, was born at Dresden, Oneida County, N. Y., 
August 11, 1833. His father, a Congregational 
clergyman of pronounced liberal tendencies, 
removed to the West in 1843, and Robert's boy- 
hood was spent in Wisconsin and Illinois. After 
being admitted to the bar, he opened an office at 
Shavvneetown, in partnership with his brother 
Ebon, afterwards a Congressman from Illinois. 
In 1857 they removed to Peoria, and, in 1860, 
Robert G. was an unsuccessful Democratic can 
didate for Congress. In 1863 he was commis 
sioned Colonel of the Eleventh Illinois Cavalry 
which had been mustered in in December, 1861 
and, in 1864, identified himself with the Repub- 
lican party. In February, 1867, he was appointed 
by Governor Oglesby the first Attorney-General 
of the State under the new law enacted that year. 
As a lawyer and orator he won great distinction. 
He nominated James G. Blaine for the Presidency 
in the Republican Convention of 1876, at Cincin- 
nati, in a speech that attracted wide attention by 
its eloquence. Other oratorical efforts which 
added greatly to his fame include "The Dream of 
the Union Soldier," delivered at a Soldiers' 
Reunion at Indianapolis, his eulogy at his brother 
Ebon's grave, and his memorial address on occa- 
sion of the death of Roscoe Conkling. For some 
twenty years he was the most popular stump 
orator in the West, and his services in political 
campaigns were in constant request throughout 
the Union. To the country at large, in his later 
years, he was known as an uncompromising 
assailant of revealed religion, by both voice and 
pen. Among his best-known publications are 
"The Gods" (Washington, 1878); "Ghosts" 
(1879); "Mistakes of Moses" (1879); "Prose 
Poems and Selections" (1884) ; "The Brain and 
the Bible" (Cincinnati, 1882). Colonel IngersoU's 
home for some twenty years, in the later part of 
his life, was in the city of New York. Died, 
suddenly, from heart disease, at his summer 
home at Dobb's Ferry, Long Island, July 31, 1899 



niSTOKICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



297 



INGLIS, Samuel M., Superintendent of Public 
Instruction, born at Marietta. Pa., August 15, 
1838; received his early education in Ohio and, 
in iy.")0, came to Illinois, graduating with first 
honors from the Mendota Collegiate Institute in 
18G1. Tlie following year ho enlisted in the One 
Hundred and Fourth Illinois Infantry, but, hav- 
ing been discharged for disability, his place was 
filled bj' a brother, who was killed at Knoxville. 
Teun. In 18Go he took charge of an Academy at 
Ilillsboro, meanwhile studying law with the late 
Judge E. Y. Rice; in 1808 he assumed the super- 
intendency of the public schools at Greenville, 
Bond County, reniaiiung until 1883, when he 
became Professor of Mathematics in the Southern 
Normal University at Carbondale, being trans- 
ferred, three j-ears later, to the chair of Literature, 
Rhetoric and Elocution. In 1894 he was nomi- 
nated as the Republican candidate for State 
Superintendent of Public Instruction, receiving 
a plurality at the November election of 123,r)93 
votes over his Democratic opponent. Cied, sud- 
denly, at Kenosha, Wis.. June 1, 1898. 

IXTER>AL IMPROVEMENT POLICY, a 
name given to a scheme or plan of internal im- 
provement adopted by the Tenth General A.ssera- 
bly (1837), in compliance with a general wish of 
the people voiced at manj' public gatherings. It 
contemplated the construction of an extensive 
system of i)ublic works, chiefly in lines of rail- 
road which were not demanded by the commerce 
or business of the State at the time, but which, it 
was believed, would induce immigration and 
materially aid in the development of the State's 
latent resources. The plan adopted provided for 
the construction of such works by the State, and 
contemplated State ownership and management 
of all the lines of traflic thus constructed. The 
bill passed the Legislature in February, 1837, 
but was disapproved by the Executive and the 
Council of Revision, on the ground that such 
enterprises might be mure successfullj' under- 
taken and conducted bj- individuals or private 
corporations. It was, however, subsequently 
passed over the veto and became a law, the dis- 
astrous effects of whose enactment were felt for 
many years. The total amount appropriated by 
the act was $10,200,000, of which §^100,000 was 
devoted to the improvement of waterways; S250,- 
000 to the improvement of the "(Jreat Western 
Mail Route"; §9,3.50.000 to the construction of 
railroads, and $200,000 was given outright to 
counties not favored by the location of railroads 
or other improvements witliin their borders. In 
addition, the sale of $1,000,000 worth of canal 



lands and the issuance of $500,000 in canal bonds 
were authorized, the proceeds to be used in the 
construction of the Illinois & Michigan Canal, 
S.")00,000 of this amount to be expended in 1838. 
Work began at once. Routes were survej'ed and 
contracts for construction let, and an era of reck- 
less speculation began. Large sums were rapidly 
expended and nearly $6,500,000 quickly added to 
the State debt. The system was soon demon- 
strated to be a failure and was abandoned for 
lack of funds, some of the "improvements" 
already made being sold to private jxirties at a 
heavy loss. This scheme furnished the basis of 
the State debt under which Illinois labored for 
many years, and which, at its maximum, reached 
nearly $17,000,000. (See Macallister & Stebbins 
Bonds; State Debt; Tenth General Assembly; 
Eleventh General Ansembly.) 

INUNDATIONS, KEMARKABLE. The most 
remarkable freshets (or floods) in Illinois history 
have been those occurring in the Mi-ssissippi 
River; though, of course, the smaller tributaries 
of that stream have been subject to similar con- 
ditions. Probably the best account of earl}' 
floods has been furnislied by Gov. John Reynolds 
in his "Pioneer History of Illinois," — he having 
been a witness of a number of them. The first 
of which any historical record has been pre- 
served, occurred in 1770. At that time the only 
white settlements within the present limits of 
tbe State were in the American Bottom in the 
vicinity of Kaskaskia, and there the most serious 
results were jiroduced. Governor Rej'nolds says 
the flood of that year (1770) made considerable 
encroachments on the east bank of the river 
adjacent to Fort Chartres, which had originally 
been erected by the French in 1718 at a distance 
of three-quarters of a mile from the main 
channel. The stream continued to advance in 
this direction until 1772, when the whole bottom 
was again inundated, and the west wall of the 
fort, having been undermined, fell into the river. 
The next extraordinary freshet was in 1784, when 
the American Bottom was again submerged and 
the residents of Kaskaskia and the neighboring 
villages were forced to seek a refuge on the bluffs 
— some of the people of Cahokia being driven to 
St. Louis, then a small French village on Spanish 
soil. The most remarkable flood of the present 
century occurred in May and June, 1844, as the 
result of extraordinary rains preceded by heavy 
winter snows in the Rocky Mountains and rapid 
spring thaws. At this time the American Bot- 
tom, opposite St. Louis, was inundated from bluff 
to bluff, and large steamers passed over the sub- 



398 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



merged lands, gathering up cattle and other kinds 
of property and rescuing the imperiled owners. 
Some of the villages affected by this flood — as 
Cahokia, Prairie du Rocher and Kaskaskia — ha%e 
never fully recovered from the disaster. Another 
considerable flood occurred in 1826, but it was 
inferior to those of 1784 and 1844. A notable 
flood occurred in 1851, when the Mississippi, 
though not so high opposite St. Louis as in 1844, 
is said to have been several feet higher at Quincy 
than in the previous year — the difference being 
due to the fact that the larger portion of the 
flood of 1844 came from the Missouri River, its 
effects being most noticeable below the mouth of 
that stream. Again, in 1868, a flood did con- 
siderable damage on the Upper Mississippi, reach- 
ing the highest point since 1851. Floods of a more 
or less serious character also occurred in 1876, 
1880 and again in 1893. Although not so high as 
some of those previously named, the loss was pro- 
portionately greater owing to the larger area of 
improved lands. The flood of 1893 did a great 
dfeal of damage at East St. Louis to buildings and 
railroads, and in the destruction of other classes 
of property. — Floods in the Ohio River have been 
frequent and very disastrous, especially in the 
upper portions of that stream — usually resulting 
from sudden thaws and ice-gorges in the early 
spring. With one exception, the highest flood in 
the Ohio, during the present century, was that of 
February, 1833, when the water at Cincinnati 
reached an altitude of sixty-four feet three 
inches. The recorded altitudes of others of more 
recent occurrence have been as follows: Dec. 
17, 1847 — sixty - three feet seven inches ; 
1862— fifty-seven feet four inches; 1882— fifty- 
eight feet seven inches. The highest point 
reached at New Albany, Ind. , in 1883, was 
seventy-three feet — or four feet higher than the 
flood of 1832. The greatest altitude reached in 
historic times, at Cincinnati, was in 1884 — the re- 
corded height being three-quarters of an inch in 
excess of seventy-one feet. Owing to the smaller 
area of cultivated lands and other improvements 
in the Ohio River bottoms within the State of 
Illinois, the loss has been comparatively smaller 
than on the Mississippi, althougli Cairo has suf- 
fered from both streams. The most serious dis- 
asters in Illinois territory from overflow of the 
Ohio, occurred in connection with the flood of 
1883, at Shawneetown, when, out of six hiindred 
houses, all but twenty-eight were flooded to the 
second story and water ran to a depth of fifteen 
feet in the main street. A levee, which had been 
constructed for the protection of the city at great 



expense, was almost entirely destroj'ed, and an 
appropriation of §60,000 was made by the Legis- 
lature to indemnify the corporation. On April 
3, 1898, the Ohio River broke through the levee 
at Shawneetown, inundating the whole city and 
causing the loss of twenty-five lives. Much 
suffering was caused among the people driven 
from their homes and deprived of the means of 
subsistence, and it was found necessary to send 
them tents from Springfield and supplies of food 
by the State Government and by private contri- 
butions from the various cities of the State. The 
inundation continued for some two or three 
weeks. — .Some destructive floods have occurred 
in the Chicago River — the most remarkable, since 
the settlement of the city of Chicago, being that 
of March 12, 1849. This was the result of an ice- 
gorge in the Des Plaines River, turning the 
waters of that stream across "the divide" into 
Mud Lake, and thence, by way of the South 
Branch, into the Chicago River. The accumula- 
tion of waters in the latter broke up the ice, 
which, forming into packs and gorges, deluged 
the region between the two rivers. "VMien the 
superabundant mass of waters and ice in the Chi- 
cago River began to flow towards the lake, it bore 
before it not only the accumulated pack-ice, but 
the vessels which had been tied up at the wliarves 
and other points along the banks for the winter. 
A contemporaneous history of the event says that 
there were scattered along the stream at the time, 
four steamers, six propellers, two sloops, twenty- 
four brigs and fifty-seven canal boats. Tliose in 
the upper part of the stream, being hemmed in 
by surrounding ice, soon became a part of the 
moving mass; chains and hawsers were snapped 
as if they had been whip-cord, and the whole 
borne lakeward in indescribable confusion. The 
bridges at Madison, Randolph and Wells Streets 
gave way in succession before the immense 
mass, adding, as it moved along, to the general 
wreck by falling spars, crushed keels and crashing 
bridge timbers. "Opposite Kinzie wliarf," says 
the record, "the I'iver was choked with sailing- 
craft of every description, piled together in inex- 
tricable confusion." While those vessels near 
the mouth of the river escaped into the lake with 
comparatively little damage, a large number of 
those higher up the stream were caught in the 
gorge and either badly injured or totally wrecked. 
The loss to the city, from the destruction of 
bridges, was estimated at §20,000, and to vessels at 
§88,000 — a large sum for that time. The wreck 
of bridges compelled a return to the primitive 
system of ferries or extemporized bridges made 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OP ILLINOIS. 



299 



of boats, to furnish means of comnnunication 
between the several divisions of the city — a con- 
dition of affairs which lasted for several months. 
— Floods about the same time did considerable 
damage on the Illinois, Fox and Rock Rivers, 
their waters being higher than in 1838 or 1833, 
which were memorable Hood years on these in- 
terior streams. On the former, the village of 
Peru was partially destroyed, wliile the bridges 
on Rock River were all swept away. A flood in 
the Illinois River, in the spring of 1855, resulted in 
serious damage to bridges and other property in 
the vicinity of Ottawa, and there were extensive 
inundations of the bottom lands along that 
stream in 18.59 and subsequent j-ears. — In Febru- 
ary, 1857, a second flood in the Chicago River, 
similar to that of 1849, cau.se<l considerable dam- 
age, but was less destructive than that of the 
earlier date, as the bridges were more substan- 
tially constructed. — One of the most extensive 
floods, in recent times, occurred in tlie Jlississippi 
River during the latter part of the month of 
April and early in May, 1897. The value of prop- 
erty destro3*ed on the lower Mississippi was 
estimated at many millions of dollars, and many 
lives were lost. At Warsaw, 111., the water 
reached a height of nineteen feet four inches 
above low-watermark on April 24. and, atQuincy, 
nearly nineteen feet on the 28th, while the river, 
at points between these two cities, was from ten 
to fifteen miles wide. Some 25,000 acres of farm- 
ing lands between Quincy and Warsaw were 
flooded and the growing crops destroyed. At 
Alton the height reached by the water was 
twenty-two feet, but in consequence of the 
strengtli of the levees protecting the American 
Bottom, the farmers in that region suffered less 
than on some previous years. 

IPAVA,a town in Fulton County, on one of the 
branches of the Chicago. Burlington & Quincy 
Railroad, 10 miles west-southwest of Lewistown, 
and some 44 miles north of Jacksonville. The 
county abounds in coal, and coal-mining, as well 
as agriculture, is a leading industry in the sur- 
rounding country. Other industries are the 
manufacture of flour and woolen goods; two 
banks, four churches, a sanitarium, and a weekly 
newspai)er are also located here. Population 
(1880), C75; (1N9(I), 6(i7; (1900), 749. 

IROJT MAXUFACTURES. The manufacture 
of iron, b<ith ])ig and castings, direct from the 
furnace, has steadilj- increased in this State. In 
18-80, Illinois ranked .seventh in the list of States 
producing manufactured iron, while, in 1890, it 
had risen to fourth place, Pennsylvania (which 



produces nearly fifty per cent of the total product 
of the country) retaining the lead, with Ohio and 
Alabama following. In 1890 Illinois had fifteen 
complete furnace stacks (as against ten in 18,80), 
turning out 674,500 tons, or seven per cent of the 
entire output. Since then four additional fur- 
naces have been completed, but no figures are at 
hand to show the increase in production. During 
the decade between 1880 and 1890, tlie percentage 
of increase in output was 616.53. The fuel used 
is chiefly the native bituminous coal, which is 
abundant and cheap. Of this, 674,506 tons were 
used; of anthracite coal, only 38,618 tons. Of 
the total output of pig-iron in the State, during 
1890, 616,059 tons were of Bessemer. Charcoal 
pig is not made in Illinois. 

IR(>\ MOUXTAIX, CHESTER & EASTERN 
RAILROAD. (.See Wabash, Chester <& Western 
Railroad.) 

IROQUOIS COUXTY, a large county on the 
eastern border of the State; area, 1,120 square 
miles; population (1900), 38,014. In 1830 two 
pioneer settlements mere made almost simultane- 
ously, — one at Bunkum (now Concord) and the 
other at Milford. Among those taking up homes 
at the former were Gurdon S. Hul)bard, Benja- 
min Fry, and Messrs. Cartwright, Thomas, New- 
comb, and Miller. At Milford located Robert 
Hill, Samuel Rush, Messrs. Miles, Pickell and 
Parker, besides the Cox, Bloore and Stanley 
families. Iroquois County was set off from Ver- 
milion and organized in 1833. — named from the 
Iroquois Indians, or Iroquois River, which flows 
through it. The Kickapoos and Pottawatomies 
did not remove west of the Mi.s9issippi until 
1830-37, but were always friendly. The seat of 
government was first lo<-ated at Montgomery, 
whence it was removed to Jliddleport, and finally 
to Watseka. The county is well timbered and 
the soil underlaid by both coal and building 
stone. Clay suitable for brick making and the 
manufacture of crockery is also found. The 
Iroquois River and tlie Sugar. Spring and Beaver 
Creeks thorouglily drain the county. An abun- 
dance of pure, cold water ma\' be found any wliere 
by boring to tlie depth of from thirty to eighty 
feet, a fact which encourages grazing and the 
manufacture of dairy products. The soil is rich, 
and well adapted to fruit growing. The prin- 
cipal towns are Oilman (population 1,112), Wat- 
seka (2,017), and Milford (9.57). 

IR0<JIOIS RIVER, (.sometimes called Picka- 
mink), rises in Western Indiana and runs 
westward to Watseka. 111. ; thence it flows north- 
ward through Irouuois and part of Kankakee 



300 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



Counties, entering tlie Kankakee River some five 
miles southeast of Kankakee. It is nearly 120 
miles long. 

IRVIXG, a village in ^lontgomery County, on 
the line of the Indianapolis & St. Louis Railroad, 
54 miles east-northea.st of Alton, and 17 miles 
east by north of Litohfield; has five churches, 
flouring and saw mills, creamery, and a weekly 
newspaper. Population (1890), 630; (1900), 675. 

ISHAM, Edward S., lawyer, was born at 
Bennington, Vt., Jan. 15, 1836; educated at 
Lawrence Academy and Williams College, Mass., 
taking his degi'ee at the latter in 1857; was 
admitted to the bar at Rutland, Vt., in 1858, 
coming to Chicago the same year. Mr. Isham 
was a Representative in the Twenty-fourth 
General Assembly (1864-66) and, in 1881, his 
name was prominently considered for a position 
on the Supreme bench of the United States. He 
is the senior member of the firm of Isham, Lin- 
coln & Beale, which has had the management of 
some of the most important cases coming before 
the Chicago courts. 

JACKSON, Huntington Wolcott, lawyer, born 
in Newark, N. J., Jan. 28, 1841, being descended 
on the maternal side from Oliver Wolcott, one of 
the signers of the Declaration of Independence; 
received his education at Phillips Academy, 
Andover, Mass., and at Princeton College, leav- 
ing the latter at the close of his junior year to 
enter the army, and taking part in the battles of 
Fredericksburg, Chancellorsville and Gettysburg, 
a part of the time being on the staff of Ma j. -Gen. 
John Newton, and, later, with Sherman from 
Chattanooga to Atlanta, finally receiving the 
rank of Brevet Lieutenant-Colonel for gallant and 
meritorious service. Returning to civil life in 
1865, he entered Harvard Law School for one 
term, then spent a }"ear in Europe, on his return 
resuming his legal studies at Newark, N. J. ; 
came to Chicago in 1867, and the following year 
was admitted to the bar; has served as Supervisor 
of South Chicago, as President of the Chicago 
Bar Association, and (by appointment of the 
Comptroller of the Currency) as receiver and 
attorney of the Third National Bank of Chicago. 
Under the will of the late John Crerar he became 
an executor of the estate, and a trustee of the 
Crerar Library. Died at Newark, N. J., Jan 3, 1901. 

JACKSON COUNTY, organized in 1816, and 
named in honor of Andrew Jackson; area, 580 
square miles; population (1900), 33,871. It lies 
in the southwest portion of the State, the Mis- 
sissippi River forming its principal western 



boundary. The bottom lands along the river are 
wonderfully fertile, but liable to overflow. It is 
crossed by a range of hills regarded as a branch 
of the Ozark range. Toward the east the soil is 
warm, and well adapted to fruit-growing. One 
of the richest beds of bituminous coal in the State 
crops out at various points, varying in depth from 
a few inches to four or five hundred feet below the 
surface. Valuable timber and good building 
stone are found and there are numerous saline 
springs. Wheat, tobacco and fruit are principal 
crops. Early pioneers, with the date of their 
arrival, were as follows: 1814, W. Boon; 1815, 
Joseph Duncan (afterwards Governor) ; 1817, 
Oliver Cross, Mrs. William Kimmel, S. Lewis, E. 
Ilarrold, George Butcher and W. Eakin; 1818, 
the Bysleys, Mark Bradley, James Hughes and 
John Barron. Brownsville was the first county- 
seat and an important town, but owing to a dis- 
astrous fire in 1843. the government was removed 
to Murphysboro, where Dr. Logan (father of Gen. 
John A. Logan) donated a tract of land for 
county-buildings. John A. Logan was born here. 
The principal towns (with their respective popu- 
lation, as shown by the United States Census of 
1890), were: Murphysboro, 3,880; Carbondale, 
2,383; and Grand Tower, 634. 

JACKSONVILLE, the county-seat of Morgan 
County, and an important railroad center ; popu- 
lation (1890) about 13,000. The town was laid 
out in 1825, and named in honor of Gen. Andrew 
Jackson. The first court house was erected in 
1826, and among early lawyers were Josiah Lam- 
born, John J. Hardin, Stephen A. Douglas, and 
later Richard Yates, afterwards the "War Gov- 
ernor"" of Illinois. It is the seat of several im- 
portant State institutions, notably the Central 
Hospital for the Insane, and Institutions for the 
Education of the Deaf and Dumb and the Blind — 
besides private educational institutions, including 
Illinois College, Illinois Conference Female Col- 
lege (Methodist), Jacksonville Female Academy, 
a Business College and others. The city has 
several banks, a large woolen mill, carriage fac- 
tories, brick yards, planing mills, and two news- 
paper establishments, each publishing daily and 
weekly editions. It justly ranks as one of the 
most attractive and interesting cities of the State, 
noted for the hospitality and intelligence of its 
citizens. Although inmiigrants from Kentucky 
and other Southern States predominated in its 
early settlement, the location there of Illinois 
College and the Jacksonville Female Academy, 
about 1830, brought to it many settlers of New 
England birth, so that it early came to be 




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Main Building and Girls' Cottage. 
INSTITUTION FOR THE BLIND, JACKSONVILLE. 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



301 



regarded as more distinctively New England in 
the character of its population than any other 
town in Southern Illinois. Pop. (1900), ir,,0'S. 

JACKSONVILLE FEMALE ACADEMY, an 
institution for tlie education of young ladies, at 
Jacksonville, the oldest of its class in the State. 
The initial steps for its organization were taken 
in 1830, the year after tlieestablislinient of Illinois 
College. It may besaid to havobeeu an olfslioot 
of the latter, these two constituting the originals 
of that remarkable group of educational and 
State Institutions wliich now exist in that city. 
Instruction began to be given in the Academy in 
May. 18;13, under the principalship of Miss Sarah 
C. Crocker, and, in ISSH, it was formally incorpo- 
rated by act of the Legislature, being the first 
educational institution to receive a charter from 
that body; though Illinois, McKendree and 
Shurtleff Colleges were incorporated at a later 
period of the same session. Among its founders 
appear the names of Gov. Joseph Duncan, Judge 
Samuel D. Lockwood, Rev. Julian M. Sturtevant 
(for fifty years the President or a Professor of Illi- 
nois College), John P. Wilkinson, Rev. John M. 
Ellis, David B. Aj'ers and Dr. Ero Chandler, all 
of whom, except the last, were prominently 
identified with the early history of Illinois Col- 
lege. The list of the alumnaj embraces over five 
hundred names. The Illinois Conservatory of 
Music (founded in 1871) and a School of Fine Arts 
are attached to tlie Academy, all being under the 
management of Prof. E. F. Bullard, A. JI. 

JA( KSOWILLE, LOUISVILLE & ST. LOUIS 
KAILWAT. (See Jacksonville & St. Louis Rail- 
way. ) 

JACKSONVILLE, XOR TH WES T ER X ic 
SOUTHEASTERN RAILROAD. (See Jackson- 
ville & St. Louis Railway.) 

J.VCKSOXVILLE k ST. LOUIS RAILWAY. 
Originally chartered as the Illinois Farmers' Rail- 
road, and constructed from Jacksonville to 
Waverly in 1870; later changed to the Jacksonville, 
Northwestern & Southeastern and track extended 
to Virden (31 miles) ; in 1879 passed into the 
hands of a new company under the title of the 
Jacksonville Southeastern, and was extended as 
follows: to Litchfield (1880), 23 miles; to Smith- 
boro (1882). 29 miles; to Centralia (1883), 29 miles 
— total. 112 miles. In 1887 a section between 
Centralia and Driver's (lOVi miles) was con- 
structed by tlie Jacksonville Southeastern, and 
operated under lease by the successor to tliat 
line, but, in 1893, was separated from it under 
the name of the Louisville & St. Louis Railway. 
By the use of five miles of trackage on the Louis- 



ville & Nashville Railroad, connection was 
obtained between Driver's and Mount Vernon. 
Tlie .same year (1887) the Jacksonville Southeast- 
ern ol)tained control of the Litchfield, CarroUton 
& Western Railroad, from Litclifield to Colvmibi- 
ana on the Illinois River, and the Chicago, Peoria 
& St. Louis, embracing lines from Peoria to St. 
Louis, via Springfield and Jacksonville. The 
Jacksonville Southeastern was reorganized in 1890 
under the name of the Jacksonville, Louisville 
& St. Louis Railway, and, in 1893, was placed in 
the hands of a receiver. The Chicago, Peoria & 
St. Louis Divisions were subsequently separated 
from the Jacksonville line and placed in charge 
of a separate receiver. Foreclosure proceedings 
began in 1894 and, during 1890, the road was sold 
under foreclosure and reorganized under its pres- 
ent title. (See Chicago, Peoria & St. Louis Rail- 
road of Illinois.) The capital stock of the 
Jacksonville & St. Louis Railway (June 80, 1897) 
was $1,. WO, 000; funded debt, §2,300.000— total, 
§3,800.000. 

JAMES, Colin D., clergyman, was born in Ran- 
dolph County, now in West Virginia, Jan. 1.5, 
1808 ; died at Bonita, Kan., Jan. 30, 1888. He was 
the son of Rev. Dr. William B. James, a pioneer 
preacher in the Ohio Valley, who removed to 
Ohio in 1812, settling first in Jefferson County in 
that State, and later (18U) at Mansfield. Subse- 
quently the family took up its residence at Helfs 
Prairie in Vigo (now Vermilion) County, Ind. 
Before 18.30 Colin D. James came to Illinois, and, 
in 1834, became a minister of the Methodist Epis- 
copal Church, remaining in active ministerial 
work until 1871, after which he accepted a super- 
annuated relation. During his connection with 
the church in Ilhnois he served as station preacher 
or Presiding Elder at the following points: Rock 
Island (1834); Plattevillo (1836); Apple River 
(1837); Paris (1838, '42 and '43); Eugene (1839); 
Georgetown (1S40); Shelbyville (1841); Grafton 
(1844 and '4.')); Sparta District (1845-47) ; Lebanon 
Di-strict (1848-49) ; Alton District (1850) ; Bloom- 
ington District (1851-52); and later at Jackson- 
ville, Winchester, Greenfield, Island Grove, 
Oldtown, Ileyworth, Normal, Atlanta, McLean 
and Shirley. During 1861-62 he acted as agent 
for the Illinois Female College at Jacksonville, 
and, in 1871, for the erection of a Metho- 
dist church at Normal. He was twice married. 
Ilis tir.st wife (Eliza A. Plasters of Living- 
ston) died in 1849. The following year he mar- 
ried Amanda K. Casad, daughter of Dr. Anthony 
W. Casad. He removed from Normal to Evans- 
ton in 1876, and from the latter place to 



302 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



Kansas in 1879. Of his surviving children, 
Edmund J. is (1898) Professor in the University 
of Chicago; John N. is in charge of the mag- 
netic laboratory in the National Observatory 
at Washington, D. C. ; Benjamin B. is Professor 
in the State Normal School at St. Cloud. Minn., 
and George F. is instructor in the Cambridge 
Preparatory School of Cliicago. 

JAMES, Edmund Janes, was born, May 21, 
1855, at Jacksonville, Morgan County, 111., the 
fourth son of Rev. Colin Dew James of the Illi- 
nois Conference, grandson on his mother's side 
of Rev. Dr. Anthony Wayne Casad and great- 
grandson of Samuel Stites (all of whose sketches 
appear elsewhere in this volume) ; was educated 
in the Model Department of the Illinois State 
Normal School at Bloomington (Normal), from 
which he graduated in June, 1873, and entered 
the Northwestern University, at Evanston, 111., 
in November of the same year. On May 1, 1874, 
he was appointed Recorder on the United States 
Lake Survey, where he continued during one 
season engaged in work on the lower part of Lake 
Ontario and the upper St. Lawrence. He entered 
Harvard College, Nov. 3, 1874, but went to 
Europe in August, 1875, entering the University 
of Halle, Oct. 16, 1875, where he graduated, 
August 4, 1877, with the degrees of A.M. and 
Ph.D. On his return to the United States he was 
elected Principal of the Public High School in 
Evanston, 111., Jan. 1, 1878, but resigned in June, 
1879, to accept a position in the Illinois State 
Normal School at Bloomington as Professor of 
Latin and Greek, and Principal of the High 
School Department in connection with the Model 
School. Resigning this position at Christmas 
time, 1882, he went to Europe for study ; accepted 
a position in the University of Pennsylvania as 
Professor of Public Administration, in Septem- 
ber, 1883, where he remained for over thirteen 
years. While here he was, for a time. Secretary 
of the Graduate Faculty and organized the in- 
struction in this Department. He was also 
Director of the Wharton School of Finance and 
Economy, the first attempt to organize a college 
course in the field of commerce and industry. 
During this time he officiated as editor of "The 
Political Economy and Public Law Series" issued 
by the University of Pennsylvania. Resigning 
his position in the University of Pennsylvania on 
Feb. 1, 1896, he accepted that of Professor of Pub- 
lic Administration and Director of the University 
Extension Division in the University of Chicago, 
where he has since continued. Professor James 
has been identified with the progress of economic- 



studies in the United States since the early 
eighties. He was one of the organizers and one 
of the first Vice-Presidents of the American 
Economic Association. On Dec. 14, 1889, he 
founded the American Academy of Political and 
Social Science with headquarters at Philadelphia, 
became its first President, and has continued such 
to the present time. He was also, for some years, 
editor of its publications. The Academy has 
now become the largest Association in the world 
devoted to the cultivation of economic and social 
subjects. He was one of the originators of, and 
one of the most frequent contributors to, "Lalor's 
Cyclopaedia of Political Science"; was also the 
pioneer in the movement to introduce into the 
United States the scheme of public instruction 
known as University Extension; was the first 
President of the American Society for the Exten- 
sion of University Teaching, under whose auspices 
the first effective extension work was done in this 
country, and has been Director of the Extension 
Division in the University of Chicago since Febru- 
ary, 1896. He has been especially identified with 
the development of higher commercial education 
in the United States. From his position as 
Director of the Wharton School of Finance and 
Economy he has affected the course of instruc- 
tion in this Department in a most marked way. 
He was invited by the American Bankers' 
Association, in the year 1892, to make a careful 
study of the subject of Commercial Education in 
Europe, and his report to this association on the 
Education of Business Men in Europe, republished 
by the University of Chicago in the year 1898, 
has become a standard authority on this subject. 
Owing largely to his efforts, departments similar 
to the Wharton School of Finance and Economy 
have been established under the title of College 
of Commerce, College of Commerce and Politics, 
and Collegiate Course in Commerce, in the Uni- 
versities of California and Chicago, and Columbia 
University. He has been identified with the 
progress of college education in general, espe- 
ciallj' in its relation to secondary and elementary 
education, and was one of the early advocates of 
the establishment of departments of education in 
our colleges and universities, the policy of which 
is now adopted by nearly all the leading institu- 
tions. He was, for a time. State Examiner of 
High Schools in Illinois, and was founder of "The 
Illinois School Journal," long one of the most 
influential educational periodicals in the State, 
now changed in name to "School and Home." 
He has been especially active in the establish- 
ment of public kindergartens in different cities. 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



303 



and haa been repeatedly offered the headship of 
important institutions, among them being the 
University of Iowa, the University of Illinois, 
and the University of Cincinnati. He has served 
as Vice-President of the National Municipal 
League; of the American Association for tlie 
Advancement of Science, and the American 
Economic Association, and of the Board of Trus- 
tees of the Illinois State Historical Library; is a 
member of the American Philosophical Society, 
of tiie Pennsylvania Historical Society, of the 
National Council of Education, and of the British 
Association for the Advancement of Science. He 
was a member of the Committee of Thirteen of 
the National Teachers' Association on college 
entrance requirements; is a member of various 
patriotic and historical societies, including the 
Sons of the American Revolution, the Society of 
the Colonial "Wars, the Holland and the Huguenot 
Society. He is the author of more than one hun- 
dred papers and monographs on various economic, 
educational, legal and administrative subjects. 
Professor James was married, August 22, 1879, to 
Anna Jlargarethe Lange, of Halle, Prussia, 
daughter of the Rev. 'Wilhelm Roderich Lange, 
and granddaughter of the famous Professor Ger- 
lach of the LTniversity of Halle. 

JAMESON, John Alexander, lawyer and jur- 
ist, was born at Irasburgh, Vt., Jan. 25, 1824; 
graduated from the University of Vermont in 
1846. After several years spent in teaching, he 
began the study of law, and graduated from the 
Dane Law Scliool (of Harvard College) in 1853. 
Coming west the same year he located at Free- 
port, 111., but removed to Chicago in 1856. In 
1865 he was elected to the bench of the Superior 
Court of Chicago, remaining in office until 1883. 
During a portion of this period he acted as lec- 
turer in the Union College of Law at Chicago, 
and as editor of "The American Law Register." 
His literary labors were unceasing, his most 
notable work being entitled "Constitutional Con- 
ventions; their History, Power and Modes of 
Proceeding." He was also a fine classical 
scholar, speaking and reading German, French, 
Spanish and Italian, and was deeply interested 
in charitable and reformatory work. Died, sud- 
denly, in Chicago, June 16, 1890. 

JARROT, Nicholas, early French settler of St. 
Clair County, was liorn in France, received a 
liberal education and. on account of the disturbed 
condition there in the latter part of the last cen- 
tury, left his native country about IT'JO. After 
spending some time at Baltimore and New 
Orleans, he arrived at Cahokia, 111., in 1794, and 



became a permanent settler there. He early be- 
came a Major of militia and engaged in trade 
with the Indians, frequently visiting Prairie du 
Chien, St. Anthony's Falls (now Minneapolis) and 
the Illinois River in his trading expeditions, and, 
on one or two occasions, incurring great risk of 
life from hostile savages. He acquired a large 
property, esi)ecially in lands, built mills and 
erected one of the earliest and finest brick houses 
in that part of the country. He also served as 
Justice of the Peace and Judge of the County 
Court of St. Clair County. Died, in 1823.— Vital 
(Jarrot), son of the preceding, inherited a large 
landed fortune from his father, and was an 
enterprising and public-spirited citizen of St. 
Clair County during the last generation. He 
served as Representative from St. Clair County 
in the Eleventh, Twentieth, Twenty-first and 
Twenty-second General Assemblies, in the first 
being an associate of Abraham Lincoln and 
always his firm friend and admirer. At the 
organization of the Twenty-second General 
Assembly (1857), he received the support of the 
Republican members for Speaker of the House in 
opposition to Col. W. R. Jlorrison, who was 
elected. He .sacrificed a large share of his prop- 
erty in a public-spirited effort to build up a 
rolling mill at East St. Louis, being reduced 
thereby from affluence to poverty. President 
Lincoln appointed him an Indian Agent, which 
took him to the Black Hills region, where he 
died, some years after, from toil and exposure, at 
the age of 73 years. 

JASPER COUNTY, in the eastern part of 
Southern Illinois, having an area of 506 square 
miles, and a population (in lyOO) of 20, 100. It was 
organized in 1831 and named for Sergeant Jasper 
of Revolutionary fame. The county was placed un- 
der township organization in 1S60. The first Board 
of County Commissioners consisted of B. Rey- 
nolds, W, Richards and George Mattingley. The 
Embarras River crosses the county. The general 
surface is level, although gently undulating in 
some portions. Manufacturing is carried on in a 
small way; but the people are principally inter- 
ested in agriculture, the chief products consisting 
of wheat, potatoes, sorghum, fruit and tobacco. 
Wool-growing is an important industry. Newton 
is the county-seat, with a population (in 1890) of 
1,128. 

JATNE, (Dr.) Gershom, early physician, was 
born in Orange County, N.Y., October, 1791; served 
as Surgeon in the War of 1812, and came to Illinois 
in 1819, settling in Springfield in 1821; was one 
of the Commissioners appointed to construct the 



304 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



first State Penitentiary (1827),- and one of the first 
Commissioners of tiie Illinois & Micliigan Canal. 
His oldest daughter (Julia Maria) became the 
wife of Senator Trumbull. Dr. Jayne died at 
Springfield, in 18G7.— Dr. William (Jayne), son of 
the preceding, was bom in Springfield, IlL, Oct. 8, 
1826; educated by private tutors and at Illinois 
College, being a member of the class of 1847, later 
receiving the degree of A.M. He was one of the 
founders of the Phi Alpha Society while in that 
institution ; graduated from the Medical Depart- 
ment of Missouri State University; in 1860 was 
elected State Senator for Sangamon County, and, 
the following year, was appointed by President 
Lincoln Governor of the Territory of Dakota, 
later serving as Delegate in Congress from that 
Territory. In 1869 he was appointed Pension 
Agent for Illinois, also served for four terms as 
Mayor of his native city, and is now Vice-Presi- 
dent of the First National Bank, Springfield. 

JEFFERSON COUNTY, a south-central county, 
cut off from Edwards and White Counties, in 
1819, when it was separately organized, being 
named in honor of Thomas Jefferson. Its area is 
680 square miles, and its population (1900), 28,133. 
The Big Muddy River, with one or two tributa- 
ries, flows through the county in a southerly direc- 
tion. Along the banks of streams a variety of 
hardwood timber is found. The railroad facilities 
are advantageous. The surface is level and the 
soil rich. Cereals and fruit are easily produced. 
A fine bed of limestone (seven to fifteen feet 
thick) crosses the middle of the county. It has 
been quarried and found well adapted to building 
purposes. The county possesses an abundance of 
running water, much of which is slightly im- 
pregnated with salt. The upper coal measure 
underlies the entire county, but the seam is 
scarcely more than two feet thick at any point. 
The chief industry is agriculture, though lumber 
is manufactured to some extent. Mount Vernon, 
the county-seat, was incorporated as a city in 1872. 
Its population in 1890 was 3,233. It has several 
manufactories and is the seat of the Appellate 
Court for the Southern Judicial District of the 
State. 

JEFFERY, Edward Turner, Railway President 
and Manager, born in Liverpool, Eng., April 6, 
1843, his father being an engineer in tlie British 
navy ; about 1850 came with his widowed mother 
to Wheeling, Va , and, in 18.56, to Chicago, where 
he secured employment as office-boy in the 
machinery department of the Illinois Central 
Railroad. Here he finally became an apprentice 
and, passing through various grades of the me- 



chanical department, in May, 1877, became General 
Superintendent of the Road, and, in 1885, General 
Manager of the entire line. In 1889 he withdrew 
from the Illinois Central and, for several years 
past, has been President and General Manager of 
the Denver & Rio Grande Railway, with head- 
quarters at Denver, Colo. Mr. Jeffery's career as 
a railway man has been one of the most conspicu- 
ous and successful in the history of American 
railroads 

JENKINS, Alexander M., Lieutenant-Governor 
(1834-36), came to Illinois in his j'outh and located 
in Jackson County, being for a time a resident of 
Brownsville, the first county-seat of Jackson 
County, where he was engaged in trade. Later 
he studied law and became eminent in his pro- 
fession in Southern Illinois. In 1830 Mr. Jenkins 
was elected Representative in the Seventh General 
Assembly, was re-elected in 1832, serving during 
his second term as Speaker of the House, and took 
part the latter year in the Black Hawk War as 
Captain of a compan)-. In 1834 Jlr. Jenkins was 
elected Lieutenant-Governor at the same time 
with Governor Duncan, though on an opposing 
ticket, but resigned, in 1836, to become President 
of the first Illinois Central Railroad Company, 
which was chartered that year. The charter of 
the road was surrendered in 1837, when the State 
had in contemplation the policy of building a 
system of roads at its own cost For a time he 
was Receiver of Public Moneys in the Land Office 
at Edwardsville, and, in 1847, was elected to the 
State Constitutional Convention of that year. 
Other positions held by him included that of Jus- 
tice of the Circuit Court for the Third Judicial 
Circuit, to which he was elected in 1859, and 
re-elected in 1861, but died in office, February 13, 
1864. Mr. Jenkins was an uncle of Gen, John A. 
Logan, who read law with him after his return 
from the Jlexican War. 

JENNEY, William Le Baron, engineer and 
arcliitect, born at Fairhaven, Mass., Sept. 25, 
1832; was educated at Phillips Academy, An- 
dover, graduating in 1849; at 17 took a trip 
around the world, and, after a year spent in the 
Scientific Department of Harvard College, took a 
course in the Ecole Centrale des Artes et Manu- 
factures in Paris, graduating in 18.56. He then 
served for a year as engineer on the Tehuantepec 
Railroad, and, in 1861, was made an Aid on the 
staff of General Grant, being transferred the next 
year to the staff of General Sherman, with whom 
he remained three years, participating in many 
of the most important battles of the war in the 
West. Later, he was engaged in the preparation 



HISTOEICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



305 



of maps of General Sherman's campaigns, which 
were iniblislieci in tlie "Memoirs" of the latter. 
In 18G8 he located in Cliicago, and has since given 
his attention almost solely to architecture, the 
result being seen in some of Chicago's most 
noteworthy buil-dings. 

JERSEY COUNTY, situated in the western 
portion of the middle division of the State, 
bordering on the Illinois and Mississippi Rivers. 
Originally a part of Greene County, it was sepa- 
rately organized in 18.39, with an area of 360 square 
miles. There were a few settlers in the county 
as early as 1816-17. Jersey ville, the county-seat, 
was platted in 1834, a majority of the early resi- 
dents being natives of, or at least emigrants from. 
New Jersey. The mild climate, added to the 
character of the soil, is especially adapted to 
fruit-growing and stock-raising The census of 
1900 gave the population of the county as 14,612 
and of Jersey ville, 3,517. Grafton, near the 
junction of the Mississippi with the Illinois, had 
a population of 927. The last mentioned town is 
noted for its stone quarries, which employ a 
number of men. 

JERSETVILLE, a city and county -seat of Jer- 
sey County, the point of junction of the Chicago 
& Alton and the Chicago, Peoria & St. Louis 
Railways, 19 miles north of Alton and 45 miles 
north of St. Couis, Mo. The city is in an agri 
cultural district, but has manufactories of flour, 
plows, carriages and wagons, shoe factory and 
watch-making machinery. It contains a hand- 
some court liouse, completed in 1894, nine 
churches, a graded public school, besides a sep- 
arate school for colored cliildren, a convent, 
library, telephone system, electric lights, artesian 
wells, and three paper.s. Population (1890), 3,207; 
(1900), 3,517; (1903, est), 4,117. 

JO D.iYIESS COUXTY, situated in the north- 
west corner of the State ; lias an area of 063 square 
miles; population (1900), 24,533. It was first 
explored b}' Le Seuer, who reported the discovery 
of lead in 1700. Another Frenchman (Bouthil- 
lier) was the first permanent white settler, locat- 
ing on the site of the present city of Galena in 
1820. About the same time came several Ameri- 
can families; a trading post was established, and 
the hamlet was known as Fredericks' Point, so 
called after one of the pioneers. In 1822 the 
Government reserved from settlement a tract 10 
miles square along the Mississippi, with a view of 
controlling the mining interest. In 1823 mining 
privileges were granted upon a royalty of one- 
sixth, and the first smelting furnace was erected 
the same year. Immigration increased rapidly 



and, inside of three years, the "Point" had a popu- 
lation of 150, and a post-office was established 
with a fortnightly mail to and from Vandalia, 
then the State capital. In 1827 county organiza- 
tion was effected, the county being named in 
honor of Gen. Joseph Hamilton Daviess, who was 
killed in the Battle of Tippecanoe. The original 
tract, however, has been subdivided until it now 
constitutes nine counties. The settlers took an 
active part in both the Winnebago and Black 
Hawk Wars. In 1846-47 the mineral lands were 
placed on the market by the Government, and 
quickly taken by corporations and individuals. 
The scenery is varied, and the soil (particularly 
in the east) well suited to the cultivation of 
grain. The county is well wooded and well 
watered, and thoroughly drained by the Fever 
and Apple Rivers. The name Galena was given 
to the county-seat (originally, as has been said, 
Fredericks' Point) by Lieutenant Thomas, Gov- 
ernment Surveyor, in 1827, in which year it was 
platted. Its general appearance is picturesque. 
Its early growth was extraordinary, but later 
(particularlj' after the growth of Chicago) it 
received a set-back. In 1841 it claimed 2,000 
population and was incorporated; in 1870 it had 
about 7,000 population, and, in 1900, 5,005. The 
names of Grant, Rawlins and E. B. Washburne 
are associated with its history. Other important 
towns in the county are Warren (population 
1,327), East Dubuque (1,146) and Elizabeth (659). 

JOHNSON, Caleb C, lawyer and legislator, 
was born in AVhiteside County, 111., May 23, 1844. 
educated in the common schools and at the 
Military Academy at Fulton, 111. ; served during 
the Civil War in the Sixty-ninth and One Hun- 
dred and Fortieth Regiments Illinois Volunteers; 
in 1877 was admitted to the bar and, two j-ears 
later, began practice. He has served upon the 
Board of Township Supervisors of Whiteside 
County; in 1884 was elected to the House of 
Representatives of the Thirty-fourth General 
Assembly, was re-elected in 1886, and again in 
1896. He also held the position of Deputy Col- 
lector of Internal Revenue for his District during 
the first Cleveland administration, and was a 
delegate to the Democratic National Convention 
of 1888. 

JOHNSON, (Rev.) Herrick, clergyman and 
educator, was born near Fonda, N. Y. , Sept. 21, 
1832; graduated at Hamilton College, 1857, and 
at Auburn Theological Seminary, 1860 ; held Pres- 
b3'terian pastorates in Troy, Pittsburg and Phila- 
delphia; in 1874 became Professor of Homiletics 
and Pastoral Theology in Auburn Theological 



306 



HISTOKICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



Seminary, and, in 1880, accepted a pastorate in 
Cliicago, also becoming Lecturer on Sacred Rhet- 
oric in McCormick Theological Seminary. In 
1883 he resigned his pastorate, devoting his atten- 
tion thereafter to the duties of his professorship. 
He was Moderator of the Presbyterian General 
Assembly at Springfield, in 1882, and has served 
as President, for many years, of the Presbyterian 
Church Board of Aid for Colleges, and of the 
Board of Trustees of Lake Forest University. 
Besides many periodical articles, he has published 
several volumes on religious subjects. 

JOHXSOX, Hosmer A., M.D., LL.D., physi- 
cian, was born near Buffalo, N Y., Oct. 6, 1822; 
at twelve removed to a farm in Lapeer County, 
Mich. In spite of limited school privileges, at 
eighteen he secured a teachers' certificate, and, 
by teaching in the winter and attending an 
academy in the summer, prepared for coUege, 
entering the University of Michigan in 1846 and 
graduating in 1849. In 1850 he became a student 
of medicine at Rush Medical College in Chicago, 
graduating in 1853, and the same j-ear becoming 
Secretary of the Cook County Medical Society, 
and, the year following, associate editor of "The 
Illinois Medical and Surgical Journal." For 
three years he was a member of the faculty of 
Rush, but, in 1858, resigned to become one of the 
founders of a new medical school, which has now 
become a part of Northwestern University. 
During the Civil War, Dr. Johnson was Chair- 
man of the State Board of Medical Examiners; 
later serving upon the Board of Health of Chi- 
cago, and upon the National Board of Health. He 
was also attending physician of Cook County 
Hospital and consulting physician of the Chicago 
Charitable Eye and Ear Infirmary. At the time 
of the great fire of 1871, he was one of the Direct- 
ors of the Chicago Relief and Aid Society. His 
connections with local. State and National Soci- 
eties and organizations (medical, scientific, social 
and otherwise) were very numerous. He trav- 
eled' extensively, both in this country and in 
Europe, during his visits to the latter devoting 
much time to the study of foreign sanitary con- 
ditions, and making further attainments in medi- 
cine and surgery. In 1883 the degree of LL.D. 
was conferred upon him by Northwestern Uni- 
versity. During liis later years. Dr. Johnson was 
engaged almost wholly in consultations. Died, 
Feb. 20, 1891. 

JOHXSON COTJ]VTT, lies in the southern por- 
tion of the State, and is one of the smallest 
counties, having an area of only 340 square miles, 
and a population (1900) of 15,067— named for Col. 



Richard M. Johnson. Its organization dates back 
to 1812. A dividing ridge (forming a sort of 
water shed) extends from east to west, the 
waters of the Cache and Bay Rivers running 
south, and those of the Big Muddy and Saline 
toward the north. A minor coal seam of variable 
thickness (perhaps a spur from the regular coal- 
measures) crops out here and there. Sandstone 
and limestone are abundant, and, under cliffs 
along the bluffs, saltpeter has been obtained in 
small quantities. Weak copperas springs are 
numerous. The soil is rich, the principal crops 
being wheat, corn and tobacco. Cotton is raised 
for home consumption and fruit-culture receives 
some attention. Vienna is the county-seat, with 
a population, in 1890, of 828. 

JOHJfSTOJT, \oah, pioneer and banker, was 
born in Hardy County, Va. , Dec. 20, 1799, and, 
at the age of 12 years, emigrated with his father 
to Woodford County, Ky. In 1824 he removed 
to Indiana, and, a few years later, to Jefferson 
County, 111., where he began farming. He sub- 
sequently engaged in merchandising, but proving 
unfortunate, turned his attention to politics, 
serving first as County Commissioner and then as 
County Clerk. In 1838 he was elected to the 
State Senate for the counties of Hamilton and 
Jefferson, serving four years ; was Enrolling and 
Engrossing Clerk of the Senate during the session 
of 1844-45, and, in 1840, elected Representative in 
the Fifteenth General Assembly. The following 
year he was made Paymaster in the United States 
Army, serving through the Mexican War; in 
1852 served with Abraham Lincoln and Judge 
Hugh T. Dickey of Chicago, on a Commission 
appointed to investigate claims against the State 
for the construction of the Illinois & Michican 
Canal, and, in 1854, was appointed Clerk of the 
Supreme Court for the Third Division, being 
elected to the same position in 1861. Other posi- 
tions held by him included those of Deputy United 
States Marshal under the administration of Presi- 
dent Polk, Commissioner to superintend the con- 
struction of the Supreme Court Building at Moimt 
Vernon, and Postmaster of that city. He was 
also elected Representative again in 1866. The 
later years of his life were spent as President of 
the Slount Vernon National Bank. Died, No- 
vember, 1891, in his 93d year. 

JOLIET, the county-seat of Will County, situ- 
ated in the Des Plaines River Valley, 36 miles 
southwest of Chicago, on the Illinois & Micliigan 
Canal, and the intersecting point of five lines of 
railway. A good quality of calcareous building 
stone underlies the entire region, and is exten- 



05 



a 

X 





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HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



307 



sively quarried. Oravel. sand, and clay are also 
easily obtained in considerable ([uantities. 
Within twenty miles are productive coal mines. 
Tlie Northern Illinois Penitentiary and a female 
penal institute stand just outside tlie city limits 
on the north. Joliet is an important manufac- 
turing center, the census of 1900 crediting the 
city with 455 establishments, having §15.453,196 
capital, employing 6,523 hands, paying §3,957,529 
wages and §17,891,M;?(i for raw material, turning 
out an annual product valued at §27, 705, 104. The 
leading industries are the manufacture of foundry 
and machine-shop products, engines, agricultural 
implements, pig-iron, Bessemer steel, steel 
bridges, rods, tin cans, wallpaper, matches, beer, 
saddles, paint, furniture, pianos, and stoves, 
besides quarrying and stone cutting. The Chi- 
cago Drainage Canal supplies valuable water- 
power. The city has many handsome public 
buildings and private residences, among the 
former being four high schools. Government 
postoffice building, two public libraries, antl two 
public hospitals. It also has two public and two 
school parks. Population (1880). 11,057; (1890), 
23,254, (including .suburbs), 34,473; (1900), 29,353. 

JOLIET, AURORA & NORTHERN RAIL- 
WAY. (See Elgin, Joliet & Eastern Railway.) 

JOLIET, Louis, a French explorer, born at 
Quebec, Canada, Sept. 21, 1645, educated at the 
Jesuits' College, and earlj' engaged in the fur- 
trade. In 1609 he was sent to investigate the 
copper mines on Lake Superior, but his most 
important service began in 1673, when Frontenac 
commissioned him to explore. Starting from the 
missionary station of St. Ignace, with Father 
Marquette, he went up the Fox River within the 
present State of Wisconsin and down the WLs- 
consin to the Mississippi, which he descended as 
far as the mouth of the Arkansas* He was the 
first to discover that the Mississippi flows to the 
Gulf rather than to the Pacific. He returned to 
Green Bay via the Illinois River, and (as believed) 
the sites of the present cities of Joliet and Chicago. 
Although later appointed royal hydrographer 
and given the island of Anticosti, he never 
revisited the Mississippi. Some historians assert 
that this was largely due to the influential jeal- 
ousy of La Salle. Died, in Canada, in Mav, 1700. 

JOLIET & BLUE ISLAND RAILWAY, con- 
stituting a part of and operated by the Calumet 
& Blue Island— a belt line, 21 miles in length, of 
standard gauge and laid with 60-lb. steel rails. 
The company provides terminal facilities at Joliet, 
although originally projected to merely run from 
that city to a connection with the Calumet & 



Blue Island Railway. The capital stock author- 
ized and paid in is $100,000. The company's 
general ofl^ices are in Chicago. 

JOLIET & NORTHERN INDIANA RAIL- 
ROAD, a road running from Lake, Ind., to Joliet, 
111., 45 miles (of which 29 miles are in Illinois), 
and leased in perpetuity, from Sept. 7, 1854 (the 
date of completion), to the Michigan Central Rail- 
road Company, which owns nearly all its stock. 
Its capital stock is §300,000, and its funded debt, 
.$80,000. Other forms of indebtedness svi-ell the 
total amount of capital invested (1895) to §1,- 
143,201. Total earnings and income in Illinois in 
1894, §89,017; total expenditures, §62,370. (See 
Michigan Central Railroad.) 

JONES, Alfred M., politician and legislator, 
was born in New Hampsliire, Feb. 5, 1837, brought 
to McHenry County, 111., at 10 years of age, and, 
at 16, began life in the pineries and engaged in 
rafting on the Mississippi. Then, after two 
winters in school at Rockford, and a short season 
in teaching, ha spent a year in the book and 
jewelry business at Warren, Jo Daviess County. 
The following year (1858) he made a trip to Pike's 
Peak, but meeting disappointment in his expec- 
tations in regard to mining, returned almost 
immediately. The next few years were spent in 
various occupations, including law and real 
estate business, until 1872, when lie was elected 
to the Twenty-eighth General Assembly, y.nd 
re-elected two years later. Other positions 
successivelj' held bj- him were those of Commis- 
sioner of the Joliet Penitentiary, Collector of 
Internal Revenue for the Sterling District, and 
United States Marshal for the Northern District 
of Illinois. He was, for fourteen years, a member 
of the Republican State Central Committee, dur- 
ing twelve years of that period being its chair- 
man. Since 1885, Mr. Jones has been manager 
of the Bethesda Mineral Springs at Waukesha, 
Wis., but has found time to make his mark in 
Wisconsin politics also. 

JONES, John Rice, first English lawyer in Illi- 
nois, was born in Wales, Feb. 11, 1759; educated 
at Oxford in medicine and law, and, after prac- 
ticing the latter in London for a short time, came 
to America in 1784, spending two years in Phila- 
delphia, where he made the acquaintance of 
Dr. Benjamin Rush and Benjamin Franklin; in 
1786, having reached the Falls of the Ohio, he 
joined Col. George Rogers Clark's expedition 
against the Indians on the Wabash. This having 
partially failed through the discontent and 
desertion of the troops, he remained at Vincennes 
four years, part of the time as Commissary- 



308 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



General of the garrison there. In 1790 he went to 
Kaskaskia, but eleven years later returned to Vin- 
cennes, being commissioned the same year by 
Gov. William Henry Harrison, Attorney-General 
of Indiana Territory, and, in 180.5, becoming a 
member of tlie first Legislative Council. He was 
Secretary of the convention at Vincennes, in 
December, 1802, which memorialized Congress to 
suspend, for ten years, the article in tlie Ordi- 
nance of 1787 forbidding slavery in the Northwest 
Territory. In 1808 he removed a second time to 
Kaskaskia, remaining two years, when he located 
within the present limits of the State of Missouri 
(then the Territory of Louisiana), residing suc- 
cessively at St. Genevieve, St. Louis and Potosi, 
at the latter place acquiring large interests in 
mineral lands. He became prominent in Mis- 
souri politics, served as a member of the Conven- 
tion whicli framed the first State Constitution, 
was a prominent candidate for United States 
Senator before the first Legislature, and finally 
elected by the same a Justice of the Supreme 
Court, dying in office at St. Louis, Feb. 1, 1824. 
He appears to have enjoyed an extensive practice 
among the early residents, as shown by the fact 
that, the year of his return to Kaskaskia, he paid 
taxes on more than 16,000 acres of land in Monroe 
County, to say nothing of his possessions about 
Vincennes and his subsequent acquisitions in 
Missouri. He also prepared the first revision of 
laws for Indiana Territory when Illinois com- 
posed a part of it. — Rice (Jones), son of tlie pre- 
ceding by a first marriage, was born in Wales, 
Sept. 28, 1781; came to America with his par- 
ents, and was educated at Transylvania University 
and the University of Pennsylvania, taking a 
medical degree at the latter, but later studying 
law at Litchfield, Conn., and locating at Kaskas- 
kia in 180G. Described as a young man of brilliant 
talents, he took a prominent part in politics and, 
at a special election held in September, 1808, was 
elected to the Indiana Territorial Legislature, by 
the party known as "Divisionists" — i. e., in favor 
of the division of the Territory — which proved 
successful in the organization of Illinois Territory 
the following year. Bitterness engendered in 
this contest led to a challenge from Sliadrach 
Bond (afterwards first Governor of the State)^ 
which Jones accepted; but the affair was ami- 
cably adjusted on the field without an excliauge of 
shots. One Dr. James Dunlap, who had been 
Bond's second, expressed dissatisfaction with tlie 
settlement; a bitter factional fight was main- 
tained between the friends of the respective 
parties, ending in the assassination of Jones, who 



was shot by Dunlap on the street in Kaskaskia, 
Dec. 7, 1808 — Jones dying in a few minutes, 
while Dunlap fled, ending his days in Texas. — 
Gen. John Rice (Jones), Jr., another son, was 
born at Kaskaskia, Jan. 8, 1792, served under 
Capt. Henry Dodge in the War of 1812, and, in 
1831, went to Texas, where he bore a conspicuous 
part in securing the independence of that State 
from Mexico, dying tliere in 1845 — the year of its 
annexation to the United States. — George 
Wallace (Jones), fourth son of John Rice Jones 
(1st), was born at Vincennes, Indiana Territory, 
April 12, 1804; graduated at Transylvania Uni- 
versity, in 1825; served as Clerk of the United 
States District Court in Missouri in 1826, and as 
Aid to Gen. Dodge in the Black Hawk War ; in 
1834 was elected Delegate in Congress from 
Michigan Territory (then including the present 
States of Michigan, Wisconsin and Iowa), later 
serving two terms as Delegate from Iowa Terri- 
tory, and, on its admission as a State, being elected 
one of the first United States Senators and re- 
elected in 1852; in 1859, was appointed by Presi- 
dent Buchanan Minister to Bogota, Colombia^ 
but recalled in 1861 on account of a letter to 
Jefferson Davis expressing sympathy with the 
cause of the South, and was imprisoned for two 
months in Fort Lafayette. In 1838 he was the sec- 
ond of Senator Cilley in the famous Cilley-Graves 
duel near Washington, which resulted in the 
deatli of the former. After his retirement from 
office, General Jones' residence was at Dubuque, 
Iowa, where he died, July 32, 189G, in the 93d 
year of his age. 

JOXES, Michae' , early politician, was a Penn- 
sylvanian by birth, who came to Illinois in Terri- 
torial days, and, as early as 1809, was Register of 
the Land Office at Kaskaskia; afterwards 
removed to > Sliawneetown and represented 
Gallatin County as a Delegate to the Constitu- 
tional Convention of 1818 and as Senator in the 
first four General Assemblies, and also as Repre- 
sentative in the Eighth. He was a candidate for 
United- States Senator in 1819, but was defeated 
by Governor Edwards, and was a Presidential 
Elector in 1820. He is represented to have been a 
man of considerable ability but of bitter passions, 
a supporter of the scheme for a pro-slavery con- 
stitution and a bitter opponent of Governor 
Edwards. 

■ JOXES, J. Russell, capitalist, was born at 
Conneaut, Ashtabula County, Ohio, Feb. 17, 1823; 
after spending two years as clerk in a store in his 
native town, came to Chicago in 1838; spent the 
next two years at Rockton, when he accepted a 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



309 



clerkship in a leading mercantile establishment 
at Galena, finally being advanced to a partner- 
ship, which was dissolved in 1856. In 1860 ho 
was elected, as a Republican, Representative in 
the Twenty-second General Assembly, and, in 
March following, was appointed by President 
Lincoln United States Marshal for the Northern 
District of Illinois. In 1809, by appointment of 
President Grant, he became Minister to Belgium, 
lemaining in office until 1875, when he resigned 
and returned to Chicago. Subsequontl}- he 
declined the position of Secretary of the Interior, 
but was appointed Collector of the Port of Chi- 
cago, from which he retired in 1888. Mt. Jones 
served as member of the National Republican 
Committee for Illinois in 1808. In 180.3 he organ- 
ized the West Division Street Railway, laying 
the foundation of an ample fortune. 

JONES, William, pioneer merchant, was born 
at Charlemont, Mass., Oct. 22, 1789, but spent his 
boyhood and early manhood in New York State, 
ultimatel}' locating at Buffalo, where he engaged 
in business as a grocer, and also held various 
public positions. In 1831 he made a tour of 
observation westward by way of Detroit, finally 
reaching Fort Dearborn, which he again visited 
in 1833 and in "33, making small investments each 
time in real estate, which afterwards appreciated 
immensely in value. In 1834, in partnership 
with Byram King of Buffalo, Mr. Jones engaged 
in the stove and hardware business, founding in 
Chicago the firm of Jones & King, and the next 
year brought his family. While he never held 
any important public office, he was one of the 
most prominent of those earlj- residents of Chicago^ 
through whose enterprise and public spirit the 
city was made to prosper. lie held the office of 
Justice of the Peace, served in the City Council, 
was one of the founders of the city fire depart- 
ment, served for twelve years (1810-52) on the 
Board of School Inspectors (for a considerable 
time as its President), and contributed liberally 
to the cause of education, including gifts of 
$.')0,000 to the old Chicago University, of which 
he was a Trustee and, for some time. President of 
its E.vecutive Committee. Died, Jan. 18. 1808. — 
Fernando (Jones), son of the preceding, was born 
at Forestville, Chautauqua County, N. Y., Slay 
26, 1820, having, for some time in his boj-hood, 
Millard Fillmore (afterwards President) as his 
teacher at Buffalo, and, still later, Reuben E. Fen- 
ton (afterwards Governor and a United States 
Senator) as classmate. After coming to Chicago, 
in 1835, he was employed for some time as a clerk 
In Government offices and by the Trustees of the 



Illinois & Michigan Canal; spent a season at 
Canandaigua Academy, N. Y. ; edited a periodical 
at Jackson, Mich., for a year or two, but finally 
coining to Chicago, opened an abstract and title 
office, in which he was engaged at the time of the 
fire of 1871, and which, l)y consolidation with two 
other firms, became the foundation of the Title 
Guarantee and Trust Company, which still plays 
an important part in the real-estate business of 
Chicago. Mr. Jones has hehl various public posi- 
tions, including that of Trustee of the Hospital 
for the Insane at Jacksonville, and has for years 
been a Trustee of the University of Chicago.-Kiler 
Kent (Jones), another son, was one of the found- 
ers of "The Gem of the Prairies" newspaper, out 
of which grew "The Chicago Tribune"; was for 
many years a citizen of Quincj-, 111., and promi- 
nent member of the Republican State Central 
Committee, and, for a time, one of the publishers 
of "The Prairie Farmer." Died, in Quincy, 
August 20, 1886. 

JON'ESBORO, the county -.seat of Union County, 
situated about a mile west of the line of the Illi- 
nois Central Railroad. It is some 30 miles north 
of Cairo, with which it is connected by tlie Mobile 
it Ohio R. R. It stands in the center of a fertile 
territory, largely devoted to fruit-growing, and is 
an important shipping-point for fruit and early 
vegetables; has a silica mill, pickle factory and a 
bank. There are also four churches; and one 
weekly newspaper, as welPas a graded school. 
Population (1900). 1.130. 

JOSLTN, Merritt L., lawyer, was born in 
Livingston County, N. Y., in 1827, came to Illi- 
nois in 1839, his father settling in McHenry 
County, where the son, on arriving at manhood, 
engaged in the practice of the law. The latter 
became prominent in political circles and, in 
1856, was a Buchanan Presidential Elector. On 
the breaking out of the war ho allied himself 
with the Republican party ; served as a Captain 
in the Thirty-sixth Illinois Volunteer Infantry, 
and, in 1864, was elected to the Twenty-fourth 
General .\ssembly from McHenry County, later 
serving as Senator during the sessions of the 
Thirtieth and Thirty-first As.semblies (1876-80). 
After the death of President Garfield, he was 
appointed by President Arthur Assistant Secre- 
tary of the Interior, serving to the close of the 
administration. Returning to his home at ^Vood- 
stock. 111., he resumed the practice of his profes- 
sion, and,^ince 1889, has discharged the duties of 
Master in Chancery for McHenry County. 

JOUETT, Charles, Chicago's first lawyer, was 
born in Virginia in 1772, studied law at Charlottes- 



310 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



■ville in that State; in 1803 was appointed by 
President Jeflferson Indian Agent at Detroit and, 
in 1805, acted as Commissioner in conducting a 
treaty with the Wyandottes, Ottawas and otlier 
Indians of Northwestern Ohio and Michigan at 
Mauinee City, Ohio. In the fall of the latter year 
he was appointed Indian Agent at Fort Dearborn, 
serving there until the year before the Fort Dear- 
born Massacre. Removing to Mercer County, 
Ky., in 1811, he was elected to a Judgeship there, 
but, in 1815, was reappointed bj- President Madi- 
son Indian Agent at Fort Dearborn, remaining 
until 1818, when he again returned to Kentucky. 
In 1819 he was appointed to a United States 
Judgeship in the newly organized Territory of 
Arkansas, but remained only a few months, when 
he resumed his residence in Kentucky, dying 
there, May 28, 1834. 
JOURNALISM. (See Neivspa2}ers, Early.) 
Jl'DD, Xorman Buel, lawyer, legislator, For- 
eign Minister, was born at Rome, N. Y., Jan. 10, 
1815, where he read law and was admitted to the 
bar. In 1836 he removed to Chicago and com- 
menced practice in the (then) frontier settle- 
ment, lie early rose to a position of prominence 
and influence in public affairs, holding various 
municipal offices and being a member of the 
State Senate from 1844 to 1860 continuously. In 
1860 he was a Delegate-at- large to the Republican 
National Convention, and, in 1861, President Lin- 
coln appointed him Minister Plenipotentiary to 
Prussia, where he represented this country for 
four years. He was a warm personal friend of 
Lincoln, and accompanied him on his memorable 
journey from Springfield to Washington in 1861. 
In 1870 he was elected to the Forty-first Congress. 
Died, at Chicago, Nov. 10, 1878. 

JUDD, S. Corning, lawyer and politician, born 
in Onondaga County, N. Y., July 31, 1827; was 
educated at Aurora Academy, taught for a time in 
Canada and was admitted to the bar in New York 
in 1848; edited "The Syracuse Daily Star" in 1849, 
and, in 1850, accepted a position in the Interior 
Department in Washington. Later, he resumed 
his place upon "The Star," but, in 1854, removed 
to Lewistown, Fulton County, 111., and began 
practice with his brother-in-law, the late W. C. 
Goudy. In 1873 he removed to Chicago, entering 
into partnership with William Fitzhugh White- 
house, son of Bishop Whitehouse, and became 
prominent in connection with some ecclesiastical 
trials which followed. In 1860 he was a Demo- 
cratic candidate for Presidential Elector and, 
during the war, was a determined opponent of 
the war policy of the Government, as such mak- 



ing an unsuccessful campaign for Lieutenant- 
Crovernor in 1864. In 1885 he was appointed 
Postmaster of the city of Chicago, serving until 
1889. Died, in Chicago, Sept. 22, 1895. 

JUDICIAL SYSTEM, THE. The Constitution 
of 1818 vested the judicial power of the State in 
one Supreme Court, and such inferior courts as 
the Legislature might establish. The former 
consisted of one Chief Justice and three Associ- 
ates, appointed by joint ballot of the Legislature ; 
but, until 1825, when a new act went into effect, 
they were required to perform circuit duties in 
the several counties, while exercising appellate 
jurisdiction in their united capacity. In 1824 the 
Legislature divided the State into five circuits, 
appointing one Circuit Judge for each, but, two 
years later, these were legislated out of office, and 
circuit court duty again devolved upon the 
Supreme Judges, the State being divided into 
four circuits. In 1829 a new act authorized the 
appointment of one Circuit Judge, who was 
assigned to duty in the territory northwest of the 
Illinois River, the Supreme Justices continuing 
to perform circuit duty in the four other circuits. 
This arrangement continued until 1835, when the 
State was divided into six judicial circuits, and, 
five additional Circuit Judges having been 
elected, the Supreme Judges were again relieved 
from circuit court service. After this no mate- 
rial changes occurred except in the increase of the 
number of circuits until 1841, the whole number 
then being nine. At this time political reasons 
led to an entire reorganization of the courts. An 
act passed Feb. 10, 1841, repealed all laws author- 
izing the election of Circuit Judges, and provided 
for the appointment of five additional Associate 
Judges of the Supreme Court, making nine in 
all ; and, for a third time, circuit duties devolved 
upon the Supreme Court Judges, the State being 
divided at the same time into nine circuits. 

By the adoption of the Constitution of 1848 the 
judiciary system underwent an entire change, all 
judicial officers being made elective by the 
people. The Constitution provided for a Supreme 
Court, consisting of three judges. Circuit Courts, 
County Courts, and courts to be held by Justices 
of the Peace. In addition to these, the Legisla- 
ture had the power to create inferior civil and 
criminal courts in cities, but only upon a \inifonn 
plan. For the election of Supreme Judges, the 
State was divided into three Grand Judicial Divi- 
sions. The Legislature might, however, if it saw 
fit, provide for the election of all three Judges on 
a general ticket, to be voted throughout the 
State-at-large ; but this power was never exer- 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



311 



cised. Appeals lay from the Circuit Courts to the 
Supreme Court for the particular division in 
which the county might be located, although, by 
unanimous consent of all parties in interest, an 
appeal might be transferred to another district. 
Nine Circuit Courts were established, but the 
number might be increased at the discretion of 
the General Assemb.ly. Availing itself of its 
constitutional power and providing for the needs 
of a rapidly growing community, the Legislature 
gradually increased the number of circuits to 
thirty. The term of office for Supreme Court 
Judges was nine, and, for Circuit Judges, six 
years. Vacancies were to be filled by popular 
election, unless the unexpired term of the 
deceased or retiring incumbent was less than one 
year, in which case the Governor was authorized 
to appoint. Circuit Courts were vested with 
appellate jurisdiction from inferior tribunals, and 
each was required to hold at least two terms 
annually in each county, as might be fixed by 
statute. 

■^he Constitution of 1870, without changing the 
mode of election or term of office, made several 
changes adapted to altered conditions. As 
regards the Supreme Court, the three Grand 
Divisions were retained, but the number of 
Judges was increased to seven, chosen from a like 
number of districts, but sitting together to con- 
stitute a full court, of which four members con- 
stitute a quorum. A Chief Justice is chosen by 
the Court, and is usually one of the Judges 
nearing the expiration of his term. The minor 
officers include a Reporter of Decisions, and one 
Clerk in each Division. By an act pa.ssed in 1897, 
the three Supreme Court Divisions were consoli- 
dated in one, the Court being required to hold its 
sittings in Springfield, and hereafter only one 
Clerk will be elected instead of three as hereto- 
fore. The salaries of Justices of the Supreme 
Court are fixed by law at .?5,000 each. 

The State was divided in 1873 into twenty-seven 
circuits (Cook County being a circuit by itself), 
and one or more terms of the circuit court are 
required to be held each year in each county in 
the State. The jurisilietion of the Circuit Courts 
is both original and appellate, and includes mat- 
ters civil and criminal, in law and in equit}'. 
The Judges are elected by districts, and hold office 
for six years. In 1877 the State was divided into 
thirteen judicial circuits (exclusive of Cook 
County), but without reducing the number of 
Judges (twenty-six) already in office, and the 
election of one additional Judge (to serve two 
years) was ordered in each district, thus increas- 



ing the number of Judges to thirty-nine. Again 
in 1897 the Legislature passed an act increasing 
the number of judicial circuits, exclusive of Cook 
County, to seventeen, while the number of 
Judges in each circuit remained the same, so 
that the whole number of Judges elected that 
year outside of Cook County was fifty-one. The 
siUaries of Circuit Judges are §3,500 per year, 
except in Cook County, where they are 57,000. 
The Constitution also provided for the organiza- 
tion of Appellate Courts after the year 187-1, hav- 
ing imiform jurisdiction in districts created for 
that purpose. These courts are a connecting 
link between the Circuit and the Supreme Courts, 
and greatly relieve the crowded calendar of the 
latter. In 1877 the Legislature established four 
of these tribunals: one for the County of Cook; 
one to include all the Northern Grand Division 
except Cook Count}'; the third to embrace the 
Central Grand Division, and the fourth the South- 
ern. Each Appellate Court is held by three Cir- 
cuit Court Judges, named by the Judges of the 
Supreme Court, each assignment covering three 
j'ears, and no Judge either allowed to receive 
extra compensation or sit in review of his own 
rulings or decisions. Two terms are held in each 
District every year, and these courts have no 
original jurisdiction. 

Cook County. — The judicial sy.stem of Cook 
County is different from that of the rest of the 
State. The Constitution of 1870 made the county 
an independent district, and e.\empted it from 
being subject to any subsequent redistricting. 
The bench of the Circuit Court in Cook County, 
at first fixed at five Judges, lias been increased 
under the Constitution to fourteen, who receive 
additional compensation from the county treas- 
ury. The Legislature has the constitutional 
right to increase the number of Judges according 
to population. In 1849 the Legislature estab- 
lished the Cook County Court of Common Pleas. 
Later, this became the Superior Court of Cook 
County, which now (1898) consists of thirteen 
Judges. For this court there exists the same 
constitutional provision relative to an increase of 
Judges as in the case of the Circuit Court of Cook 
County. 

JUDY, Jacob, pioneer, a native of Switzer- 
land, who, having come to the United States at 
an early day, remained some years in JIaryland, 
when, in 178G, he started west, spending two 
years near Louisville, Ky., finally arriving at 
Kaskaskia, 111., in 1788. In 1792 he removed to 
New Design, in Monroe County, and, in 1800, 
located within the present limits of Madison 



312 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



County, where he died in 1807. — Samuel (Judy), 
son of the preceding, born August 19, 1773, was 
brought by his father to Illinois in 1788, and after- 
wards became prominent in political affairs and 
famous as an Indian fighter. On the organization 
of Madison County he became one of the first 
County Commissioners, serving manj' years. He 
also commanded a body of "Rangers" in the 
Indian campaigns during the War of 1812, gain- 
ing the title of Colonel, and served as a member 
from Madison County in the Second Territorial 
Council (181415). Previous to 1811 he built the 
first brick house within the limits of Madison 
County, which still stood, not many years since, 
a few miles from Edwardsville. Colonel Judy 
died in 1838.— Jacob (Judy), eldest son of Samuel, 
was Register of the Land Ofiice at Edwardsville, 
1845-49.— Thomas (Judy), younger son of Samuel, 
was born, Dec. 19, 1804, and represented Madison 
County in the Eighteenth General Assembly 
(1853-54). His death occurred Oct. 4, 1880. 

JTJDT, James William, soldier, was born in 
Clark County, Ky., May 8, 1823 — his ancestors 
on his father's side being from Switzerland, and 
those on his mother's from Scotland ; grew up on 
a farm and, in 1853, removed to ilenard Count}', 
HI., where he has since resided. In August, 1863, 
he enlisted as a private soldier, was elected Cap- 
tain of his company, and, on its incorjjoration as 
part of the One Hundred and Fourteenth Regi- 
ment Illinois Volunteers at Camp Butler, was 
chosen Colonel by acclamation. The One Hun- 
dred and Fourteenth, as part of the Fifteenth 
Army Corjis under command of that brilliant 
soldier, Gen. Wm. T. Sherman, was attached to 
the Army of the Tennessee, and took part in the 
entire siege of Vicksburg, from Jlay, 1SG3, to the 
surrender on the 3d of July following. It aLso 
participated in the siege of Jackson, Miss., and 
numerous other engagements. After one year's 
service. Colonel Judy was compelled to resign by 
domestic affliction, having lost two children by 
death within eight days of each other, while 
others of his family were dangerously ill. On 
his retirement from the armj-, he became deeply 
interested in thorough-bred cattle, and is now the 
most noted stock auctioneer in the United States 
— having, in the past thirty years, sold more 
thorough-bred cattle than any other man living 
— his operations extending from Canada to Cali- 
fornia, and from Minnesota to Texas. Colonel 
Judy was elected a member of the State Board of 
Agriculture in 1874, and so remained continu- 
ously until 1896 — except two years — also serving 
as President of the Board from 1894 to 1896. He 



bore a conspicuous part in securing the location 
of the State Fair at Springfield in 1894, and tlie 
improvements there made under his administra- 
tion have not been paralleled in any other State. 
Originally, and up to 185G, an old-line Whig, 
Colonel Judy has since been an ardent Repub- 
lican ; and though active in political campaigns, 
has never held a political office nor desired one, 
being content with the discharge of his duty as a 
patriotic private citizen. 

KA\A\, Michael F., soldier and legislator, was 
born in Essex County, N. Y., in November, 1837, 
at twenty years of age removed to Macon County, 
111., and engaged in farming. During the Civil 
War he enlisted in the Forty-first Illinois Volun- 
teers (Col. I. C. Pugh's regiment), serving nearly 
four years and retiring with the rank of Captain. 
After the war he served six years as JIayor of the 
city of Decatur. In 1894 he was elected State 
Senator, serving in the Thirty-ninth and Fortieth 
General Assemblies. Captain Kanan was one of 
the founders of the Grand Army of the Republic, 
and a member of the fir.st Post of the order ever 
established — that at Decatur. 

KAXE, a village of Greene County, on the 
Jacksonville Division of the Chicago & Alton 
Railway, 40 miles south of Jacksonville. It has 
a bank and a weekly paper. Population (1880), 
408; (1890), 551; (1900), 588. 

KA>'E, Elias Kent, early United States Sena- 
tor, is said byLanman's "Dictionary of Congress'' 
to have been born in New York, June 7, 1796. 
The late Gen. Geo. W. Smith, of Chicago, a rela- 
tive of Senator Kane's by marriage, in a paper 
read before the Illinois State Bar Associatior 
(1895), rejecting other statements assigning the 
date of the Illinois Senator's birth to various 
years from 1786 to 1796, expresses the opinion, 
based on family letters, that he was really born 
in 1794. He was educated at Yale College, gradu- 
ating in 1813, read law in New York, and emi- 
grated to Tennessee in 1813 or early in 1814, but, 
before the close of the latter j'ear, removed to Illi- 
nois, settling at Kaskaskia. His abilities were 
recognized Ijy his appointment, early in 1818, as 
Judge of the eastern circuit under the Territorial 
Government. Before the close of the same j'ear 
he served as a member of the first State Consti- 
tutional Convention, and was appointed by Gov- 
ernor Bond the first Secretary of State under the 
new State Government, but resigned on the 
accession of Governor Coles in 1822. Two years 
later he was elected to the General Assembly as 
Representative from Randolph County, but 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



313 



resigned before the close of tlie year to accept a 
seat in the United States Senate, to which he was 
elected in 1824, and reelected in 1830. Before 
the expiration of his second term (Dec. 12, 1835), 
having reached the age of a little more than 40 
years, he died in Washington, deeply mourned 
by his fellow-members of Congress and by his 
constituents. Senator Kane was a cousin of the 
distinguished Cliancellor Kent of New York, 
through his mother's family, while, on his 
father's side, he was a relative of the celebrated 
Arctic explorer, Elisha Kent Kane. 

KANE COUNTY, one of the wealthiest and 
most progressive counties in the State, situated in 
the northeastern quarter. It has an area of 540 
square miles, and population (1900) of 7S,792; 
was named for Senator Elias Kent Kane. Tim- 
ber and water are abundant, Fo.x River flowing 
through tlie county from north to south. Immi- 
gration began in 1833, and received a new impetus 
in 1835, when the Pottawatomies were removed 
west of tlie Slississippi. A school was established 
in 1834, and a church organized in 1835. County 
organization was effected in June, 1836, and the 
public lands came on the market in 1842. The 
Civil War record of tlie county is more than 
creditable, the number of volunteers exceeding 
the assessed quota. Farming, grazing, manufac- 
turing and dairy industries chiefly engage the 
attention of tlie people. The countj' has many 
flourishing cities and towns. Geneva is the county- 
seat. (See Aurora, Dundee, Eldora, Elgin, Geneva 
and St. Charles.) 

KANGLET, a village of La Salle County, on 
the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy Railway, three 
miles northwest of Streator. There are several 
coal shafts liere. Population (1900), 1.004. 

EANK.VKEE, a city an<l county-seat of Kanka- 
kee County, on Kankakee River and 111. Cent. 
Railroad, at intersection of the "Big Four" with 
the Indiana, 111. i Iowa Railroad, 56 miles south of 
Chicago. It is an agricultural and stock-raising 
region, near extensive <-oal fields and bog iron 
ore: has water-power, flour and paper mills, agri- 
cultural implement, funiiture, and piano fac- 
tories, knitting and novelty work.s, besides two 
quarries of valuable building stone. The East- 
ern Hospital for the Insane is located liere. 
There are four paper.-), four banks, five schools, 
water-works, gas and electric light, electric car 
lines, and Government postoffice building. Popu- 
lation (1890). 9,025: (1900), 13.595. 

KANKAKEE COUNTY, a wealthy and popu- 
lous county in the northeast section of the State, 
having an area of 680 square miles — receiving its 



name from its principal river. It was set apart 
from Will and Iroquois Counties under the act 
passed in 1851, the owners of the site of the 
present city of Kankakee contributing §5,000 
toward the erection of county buildings. Agri- 
culture, manufacturing and coal-mining are the 
principal pursuits. The first white settler was 
one Noah Vasseur, a Frenchman, and the first 
American, Thomas Durham. Population (1880), 
25.047; (1890), 28.732; (1900), 37,154. 

KANKAKEE KPFER, a sluggish stream, rising 
in St. Joseph County, Ind., and flowing west- 
southwest through English Lake and a flat marshy 
region, into Illinois. In Kankakee County it 
unites with the Irocjuois from the south and the 
Des Plaines from the north, after the junction 
with the latter, taking the name of the Illinois. 

KANKAKEE & SENECA RAILROAD, a line 
Ij-ing wholly in Illinois, 42.08 miles in length. It 
has a capital stock of 810,000, bonded debt of 
§6.50,000 and other forms of indebtedness (1895) 
reaching .$.557, 629; total capitalization, 81,217,629. 
This road was chartered in 1881, and opened in 
1882. It connects with the Cleveland, Cincinnati, 
Chicago & St. Louis Railroad, and the Chicago, 
Rock Island & Pacific, and is owned jointly by 
these two lines, but operated by the former. (See 
Cleveland, Cincinnati, Chicago & St. Louis Rail- 
road.) 

KANSAS, a village in Edgar County, on the 
Cleveland, Cincinnati, Chicago & St. Louis and 
the Chicago & Ohio River Railways, 156 miles 
northeast of St. Louis, 104 miles west of Indian- 
apolis. 13 miles east of Charleston and 11 miles 
west-southwest of Paris. The surrounding region 
is agricultural and stock-raising. Kansas has tile 
works, two grain elevators, a canning factory, 
and railway machine shops, beside four churches, 
a collegiate institute, a National bank and a 
weekly newspaper. Population (1880), 723 ; (1890), 
1,037; (1900), 1,049. 

K.\SK.VSKI.\, a village of the Illinois Indians, 
and later a French trading post, first occupied in 
1700. It passed into the hands of the British 
after the French-Indian War in 1765, and was 
captured by Col. George Rogers Clark, at the head 
of a force of Virginia troops, in 1778. (See Clark, 
George Rogers.) At that time the white inhab- 
itants were almost entirely of French descent. 
The first exercise of the elective franchise in Illi- 
nois occurred here in the j-ear last named, and, in 
1804, the Unite<l States Government opened a 
laml office there. I'or many years the most 
important commercial town in the Territory, it 
remained the Territorial and State capital down 



314 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLIXOIS. 



to 1819, when the seat of government was re- 
moved to Vandalia. Originally situated on the 
west side of the Kaskaskia River, some six miles 
from the Mississippi, early in 1899 its site had 
been swept away by the encroachments of the 
latter stream, so that all that is left of the princi- 
pal town of Illinois, in Territorial days, is simply 
its name. 

KASKASKIA INDIANS, one of the five tribes 
constituting the Illinois confederation of Algon- 
quin Indians. About the year 1700 they removed 
from what is now La Salle County, to Southern 
Illinois, where they established themselves along 
the banks of the river which bears their name. 
They were finally removed, with their b-ethren 
of the Illinois, west of the Mississippi, and, as a 
distinct tribe, have become extinct. 

KASKASKIA EIVER, rises in Champaign 
County, and flows southwest through the coun- 
ties of Douglas, Coles, Moultrie, Shelby, Fayette, 
Clinton and St. Clair, thence southward through 
Randolph, and empties into the Mississippi River 
near Chester. It is nearly 300 miles long, and 
flows through a fertile, undulating country, which 
forms part of the great coal field of the State. 

KEITH, Edson, Sr., merchant and manufac- 
turer, born at Barre, Vt., Jan. 28, 1833, was edu- 
cated at home and in the district schools ; spent 
1850-.54 in Montpelier, coniing to Chicago the 
latter year and obtaining employment in a retail 
dry-goods store. In 1860 he assisted in establish- 
ing the firm of Keith, Faxon & Co., now Edson 
Keith & Co. ; is also President of the corporation 
of Keith Brothers & Co., a Director of the Metro- 
politan National Bank, and the Edison Electric 
Light Company. — Elbrldge G. (Keith), banker, 
brother of the preceding, was born at Barre, Vt., 
July 16, 1840; attended local schools and Barre 
Academy ; came to Chicago in 18i37, the next year 
taking a position as clerk in the house of Keith, 
Faxon & Co., in 1865 becoming a partner and, in 
1884, being chosen President of the Metropolitan 
National Bank,- where he still remains. Mr. 
Keith was a member of the Republican National 
Convention of 1880, and belongs to several local 
literary, political and social clubs ; was also one 
of the Directors of the World's Columbian Expo- 
sition of 1892-98. 

KEITHSBURli, a town in Mercer County on 
the Mississippi River, at the intersection of the 
Chicago, Burlington & Quincy and the Iowa Cen- 
tral Railways; 100 miles west-northwest of 
Peoria. Principal industries are fisheries, ship- 
ping, manufacture of pearl buttons and oilers ; has 
one paper. Pop. (1900), 1,566; (1903, est.), 2,000. 



KELLOGG, Hiram Huntington, clergyman 
and educator, was burn at Clinton (then Whites- 
town), N. Y., in February, 1803, graduated at 
Hamilton College and Auburn Seminary, after 
which he served for some years as pastor at 
various places in Central New York. Later, he 
established the Young Ladies' Domestic Seminary 
at Clinton, claimed to be the first ladies' semi- 
nary in the State, and the first experiment in the 
country uniting manual training of girls with 
scholastic instruction, antedating Mount Hol- 
yoke, Oberlin and other institutions which adopted 
this system. Color was no bar to admission to 
the institution, though the daughters of some of 
the wealthiest families of the State were among 
its pupils. Mr. Kellogg was a co laborer with 
Gerritt Smith. Beriah Green, the Tappans, Garri- 
son and others, in the effort to arouse public senti- 
ment in opposition to slavery. In 1836 he united 
with Prof. George W. Gale and others in the 
movement for the establishment of a colony and 
the building up of a Christian and anti-slavery 
institution in the West, which resulted in the 
location of the town of Galesburg and the found, 
ing there of Knox College. Mr. Kellogg was 
chosen the first President of the institution and, 
in 1841, left his thriving school at Clinton to 
identify himself with the new enterprise, which, 
in its infancy, was a manual-labor school. In the 
West he soon became the ally and co- laborer of 
such men as Owen Lovejoy, Ichabod Codding, 
Dr. C. V. Dyer and others, in the work of extirpat- 
ing slavery. In 1843 he visited England as a 
member of the World's Peace Convention, re- 
maining abroad about a year, during which time 
he made the acquaintance of Jacob Bright and 
others of the most prominent men of that day in 
England and Scotland. Resigning the Presidency 
of Knox College in 1847, he returned to Clinton 
Seminary, and was later engaged in various busi- 
ness enterprises until 1861, when he again re- 
moved to Illinois, and was engaged in preaching 
and teaching at various points during the 
remainder of his life, dying suddenly, at his 
home school at Mount Forest, 111., Jan. 1, 1881. 

KELLOGG, William Pitt, was born at Orwell, 
Vt., Dec. 8, 1831, removed to Illinois in 1848, 
studied law at Peoria, was admitted to the bar in 
1854, and began practice in Fulton County. He 
was a candidate for Presidential Elector on the 
Republican ticket in 1856 and 1860, being elected 
the latter year. Appointed Chief Justice of 
Nebraska in 1861, he resigned to accept the 
colonelcy of the Seventh Illinois Cavalry. Fail- 
ing health caused his retirement from the army 




1.— ol.l Kaskjiskia from (Jarrison Hill (lSli:5l. 2.— Kasknskia Hotel whore Lafayette was feted in 
1825. 3.— First Illinois State House. 181S. 4.— Interior of Itoom (ls9:{) where Lafayette bamiuet 
was held. 5.— Pierre Menard Mansion. «.— House of Chief Ducoign, last of the Cascasquais tKas- 
kaskiasi. 





1.— Remnant of Old Knskaskia (1S98). 2.— View on I'rinciijal Street (IS'.tl). 3.— lieu John E.l- 
gars House (ISOI). 4.— House of Gov. Boud (1891). .5.— "Clienu Mansion" where LaFavette 
was entertained, as it appeared in ISOS. ('..—Old State House (1900). 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



315 



after the battle of Corinth. In 186.0 lie was 
appointed Collector of the Port at New Orleans. 
Thereafter he became a con.spicuous figure in 
botli Louisiana and National politics, serving as 
United States Senator from Louisiana from 1868 
to 1871. and as Governor from 1872 to 1876. during 
the stormiest period of reconstruction, and mak- 
ing hosts of bitter personal and political enemies 
;i.s well as warm friends. An unsuccessful attempt 
was made to impeach liim in 1876. In 1877 he was 
elected a second time to the United States Senate 
by one of two rival Legislatures, being awarded 
his seat after a bitter contest. At the close of his 
term (1883) he took his seat in the lower house to 
which he was elected in 1883, serving until 1885. 
While retaining his residence in Louisiana, Mr. 
Kellogg has spent much of his time of late years 
in Washington City. 

KENDALL COl'MT, a northeastern county, 
with an area of 330 square miles and a population 
(1900) of 11,467. The surface is rolling and the 
soil fertile, although generally a light, sandy 
loam. The county was organized in 1841, out of 
parts of Kane and La Salle, and was named in 
honor of President Jackson's Postmaster General. 
The Fox River (running southwestwardly 
through the county), with its tributaries, affords 
ample drainage and considerable water power; 
the railroad facilities are admirable; timber is 
abundant. Yorkville and Oswego have been 
rivals for the county-seat, the distinction finally 
re.sting with the former. Among the pioneers 
may be mentioned Messrs. John Wilson, Ed- 
ward Anient, David Carpenter, Samuel Smith, 
the Wormley and Pierce brothers, and E. 
Morgan. 

KEXDRICK, Adin A., educator, was born at 
Ticonderoga, X. Y., Jan. 7, 1836; educated at 
Granville Academy, N. Y., and Middlebury Col- 
lege; removed to Janesville, Wis., in 18.57, studied 
law and began practice at Monroe, in that State, 
a year later removing to St. Louis, where he con- 
tinued practice for a short time. Then, having 
abandoned the law, after a course in the Theolog- 
ical Seminary at Rochester, N. Y. , in 1861 he 
became pastor of the North Baptist Church in 
Chicago, but, in 186.'), removed to St. Louis, 
where he remained in pa.storal work until IK'i, 
when he assumed the Presidency of ShurtlefT 
College at Upper Alton. 111. 

KENNEY, a village and railway station in 
Dewitt County, at the intersection of the Spring- 
field Division of the Illinois Central and the 
Peoria, Decatur & Evansville Railroads, 36 miles 
northeast of Springfield. The town has two banks 



and two newspapers ; the district is agriculturaL 
Population (1880), 418; (1890), 497; (1900), .'■)S4. 

KENT, (Rev.) Aratiis, pioneer and Congrega- 
tional missionary, was born in Sufiield, Conn, in 
1794, educated at Yale and Princeton and, in 1829, 
as a Congregational missionary, came to the 
Galena lead mines — then esteemed "a place so 
hard no one else would take it." In less than two 
years he had a Sunday school with ten teachers 
and si.xty to ninety scholars, and had also estab- 
lished a day-school, which he conducted himself. 
In 1831 he organized the First Presbyterian 
Church of Galena, of which lie remained pastor 
until 1848, when he became Agent of the Home 
Missionary Society. He was prominent in laying 
the foundations of Beloit College and Rockford 
Female Seminary, meanwhile contributing freely 
from his meager salary to charitable purposes. 
Died at Galena, Nov. 8, 1869. 

KEOKUK, (interpretation, "The Watchful 
Fox"), a Chief of the Sacs and Foxes, born on 
Rock River, about 1780. He had the credit of 
shrewdness and bravery, whi(;h enabled him 
finally to displace Ids rival. Black Hawk. He 
always professed ardent friendship for tlie whites, 
although tliis was not infrequently attributed to 
a far-seeing policy. He earnestly dissuaded 
Black Hawk from the formation of his confeder- 
acy, and when the latter Avas forced to surrender 
liimself to the United States authorities, he was 
formally delivered to the custody of Keokuk. By 
the Rock Island treaty, of September, 1832, Keo- 
kuk was formally recognized as the principal 
Chief of the Sacs and Foxes, and granted a reser- 
vation on tlie Iowa River, 40 miles square. Here 
he lived until 1845. when he removed to Kansas, 
where, in June. 1848, he fell a victim to poison, 
supposedly administered by some partisan of 
Black Hawk. (See Black Hawk and Black Hawk 
War.) 

KERFOOT, Samuel H., real-estate operator, 
was born in Ljincaster, Pa., Dec. 18. 1823, and 
educated under the tutorship of Rev. Dr. Muh- 
lenburg at St. Paul's College, Flushing, Long 
Island, graduating at the age of 19. He was 
then associated with a brother in founding St. 
James College, in Washington County, JId., but, 
in 184.S, removed to Chicago and engaged in the 
real-estate business, in which he was one of the 
oldest operators at the time of his death, Dec. 28, 
1896. He was one of the founders and a life 
member of the Chicago Historical Society and of 
the Chicago Academy of Sciences, and as.sociated 
with other learned and social organizations. He 
was also a member of the original Real Estate 



316 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



and Stock Board of Chicago and its first Presi- 
dent. 

KEWAXEE, a city in Henry County, on the 
Chicago, Burlington it Quincy Raih'oad, 131 
miles southwest of Chicago. Agriculture and 
coal-mining are chief industries of the surround- 
ing country. The city contains eighteen churches, 
six graded schools, a public library of 10,000 
volumes, three national banks, one weekly and 
two daily papers. It has extensive manufactories 
employing four to five thousand hands, the out- 
put including tubing and soil-pipe, boilers, pumps 
and heating apparatus, agricultural implements, 
etc. Population (1890), 4,569; (1900), 8,382 ; (1903, 
est.), 10,000. 

KEYES, Wlllard, pioneer, was born at New- 
fane, Windsor County, Vt., Oct. 28, 1792; spent 
his early life on a farm, enjoying only such edu- 
cational advantages as could be secured by a few 
months' attendance on school in winter; in 1817 
started west by way of Mackinaw and, crossing 
Wisconsin (then an unbroken wilderness), finally 
reached Prairie du Chien, after which he spent a 
year in the "pineries." In 1819 he descended the 
Mississippi with a raft, his attention en route 
being attracted by the present site of tlie city of 
Quincy, to which, after two years spent in exten- 
sive exploration of the "Military Tract" in the 
interest of certain owners of bounty lands, he 
again returned, finding it still unoccupied. 
Then, after two years spent in farming in Pike 
County, in 1824 he joined his friend, the late 
Gov. John Wood, who had built the first house in 
Quincy two years previous. Mr. Keyes thus 
became one of the three earliest settlers of 
Quincy, the otlier two being John Wood and a 
Major Rose. On the organization of Adams 
County, in January, 183.5, he was appointed a 
member of the first Board of County Commission- 
ers, which held its first meeting in his house. 
Mr. Keyes acquired considerable landed property 
about Quincy, a portion of which lie donated to 
the Chicago Theological Seminary, thereby fur- 
nishing means for the erection of "Willard Hall" 
in connection with that institution. His death 
occurred in Quincy, Feb. 7, 1872. 

KICKAPOOS, a tribe of Indians whose eth- 
nology is closely related to that of the Mascou- 
tins. The French orthography of the word was 
various, the early explorers designating them as 
"Kic-a-pous," "Kick-a-poux," "Kick-abou," and 
"Quick-a-pous." The significance of the name is 
uncertain, different authorities construing it to 
mean "the otter's foot" and the "rabbit's ghost, " 
according to dialect. From 1602, when the tribe 



was first visited by Samuel Champlain, the Kicka- 
poos were noted as a nation of warriors. They 
fought against Christianization, and were, for 
some time, hostile to the French, although they 
proved efficient allies of the latter during the 
French and Indian War. Their first formal 
recognition of the authority of the United States 
was in the treaty of Edwardsville (1819), in which 
reference was made to the treaties executed at 
Vincenues (180.5 and 1809). Nearly a century 
before, they had left their seats in AVisconsin and 
established villages along the Rock River and 
near Chicago (1712-15). At the time of the 
Edwardsville treaty they had settlements in the 
valleys of the Wabash, Embarras, Kaskaskia, 
Sangamon and Illinois Rivers. While they 
fought bravely at the battle of Tippecanoe, their 
chief military skill laj- in predatory warfare. As 
compared with other tribes, they were industri- 
ous, intelligent and cleanly. In 1832-33 they 
were removed to a reservation in Kansas. Thence 
many of them drifted to the southwest, join- 
ing roving, plundering bands. In language, 
manners and customs, the Kickapoos closely 
resembled the Sacs and Foxes, with whom some 
ethnologists believe them to have been more or 
less closely connected. 

KILPATRICK, Thomas M., legislator and 
soldier, was born in Crawford County, Pa., June 
1, 1807. He learned the potter's trade, and, at 
the age of 27, removed to Scott County, 111. He 
was a deep thinker, an apt and reflective student 
of public affairs, and naturally eloquent. He 
was twice elected to the State Senate (1840 and 
'44), and, in 1846, was the Whig candidate for 
Governor, but was defeated by Augustus C. 
French, Democrat. In 1850 he emigrated to 
California, but, after a few years, returned to 
Illinois and took an active part in the campaigns 
of 18.58 and 18G0. On the outbreak of the Civil 
War he was commissioned Colonel of the Twenty- 
eighth Illinois Volunteers, for which regiment he 
had recruited a company. He was killed at the 
battle of Shiloh, April 6, 1862, while leading a 
charge. 

KIXDERHOOK, a village and railway station 
in Pike County, on the Hannibal Division of the 
Wabash Railway, 13 miles east of Hannibal. 
Population (1890), 473; (1900), 370. 

KIXG, John Lyle, lawyer, was born in Madison, 
Ind., in 182.5 — the son of a pioneer settler who 
was one of the founders of Hanover College 
and of the Presbyterian Theological Seminary 
there, which afterwards became the "Presby- 
terian Theological Seminary of the Northwest, '' 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



317 



now the McCormick Theological Seminary of 
Cliicago. After grailuating; at Hanover. Mr. King 
began tlio study of law with an unrlo at Madison, 
and tlie following year was admitted to the bar. 
In 18'yi he was elected to the Indiana Legislature 
and, while a niemterof that body, acted as Chair- 
man of the Committee to present Louis Kossuth, 
the Hungarian patriot and exile, to the Legisla- 
ture ; also took a prominent part, during the next 
few years, in the organization of the Republican 
party. Removing to Chicago in 18.5G, he soon 
became prominent in his profession there, and, in 
ISGO, was elected City Attorney over Col. James A. 
Mulligan, who became eminent a year or two later, 
in connection with the war for the LTnion. Hav- 
ing a fondness for literature, Mr. King wrote much 
for the press and, in 1878, published a volume of 
sporting experiences with a party of professional 
friends in the woods and waters of Northern Wis- 
consin and Michigan, under the title, "Trouting 
on the Brule River, or Summer Wayfaring in the 
Northern Wilderness.'' Died in Chicago, April 17, 
1893. 

KING, William It., lawyer, was born atCUfton 
Park, Saratoga County, N.Y., Oct. '23, 1817; gradu- 
ated from Union College in 184C, studied law at 
Waterford and, having been admitted to the bar 
the following year, began practice at the same 
place. In 1853 he removed to Chicago, where he 
held a number of important positions, incduding 
the Presidency of the Chicago Law Institute, the 
Chicago Bar As.sociation, the Chicago Board of 
Educ^ition, and the Union College Alumni 
Association of the Northwest. In 1870 he was 
elected to the lower branch of the Twenty- 
seventh General Assembly, and, during the ses- 
sions following the fire of 1871 prepared the act 
for the protection of titles to real estate, made 
necessary by the destruction of the records in the 
Recorder's office. Mr. King received the degree 
of LL. D from his Alma Mater in 1879. Died, in 
Chicago. F.>b. C, isfli. 

KINGM.VN, Martin, was born at Deer Creek, 
Tazewell County, 111., April 1, 1844; attended 
school at Washington, 111., then taught two or 
three years, and, in June, 1862, enlisted in the 
Eighty-sixth Regiment Illinois Volunteers, serv- 
ing three years without the loss of a day — a part 
of the time on detached service in charge of an 
ambulance corps and, later, as Assistant Quarter- 
niijster. Returning from the war with the rank 
of First Lieutenant, in August, 180.'), he went to 
Peoria, where he engaged in business and has re- 
mained ever since. He is now connected with the 
following business concerns: Kingman & Co., 



manufacturers and dealers in farm macliinery, 
buggies, wagons, etc. ; The Kingman Plow Com- 
pany, Bank of Illinois, Peoria Cordage Company, 
Peoria General Electric Company, and National 
Hotel Company, besides various outside enter- 
prises — all large concerns in each of which he is a 
large stockholder and a Director. Mr. Kingman 
was Canal Commissioner for six years — this being 
liis only connection with politics. During 1898 he 
was also chosen Lieutenant-Colonel of the Peoria 
Provisional Regiment organized for the Si)anish- 
American War. His career in connection with 
the industrial development of Peoria has been 
especially conspicuous and successful. 

KIXKADE (or Kiniead), William, a native of 
Tennessee, settled in what is now Lawrence 
County, in 1817, and was elected to the State 
Senate in 1822, but appears to have served only 
one session, as he was succeeded in the Fourth 
General .\.sseml)ly by James Bird. Although a 
Tenne.sseean bj' birth, he was one of the most 
aggressive opponents of the scheme for making 
Illinois a slave State, being the only man who 
made a speech against the pro-slavery convention 
resolution, though this was cut short by the 
determination of the pro-conventionists to permit 
no debate. Mr. Kinkade was appointed Post- 
master at Lawrenceville by Presiilent John 
Quincy Adams, and held the position for many 
3'ears. He died in 184G. 

KIXML'XDV, a city in Marion County, on the 
Illinois Central Railroad, 229 miles south of 
Chicago and 24 miles northeast of Centralia. 
Agriculture, stock-raising, fruit-growing and 
coal-rtiming are the principal industries of the 
surrounding countrj'. Kinmundy has flouring 
mills and brick-making plants, with other 
manufacturing establishments of minor impor- 
tance. There are five churches, a bank and a 
weekly newspaper. Population (1880), 1,096; 
(1890), 1.04.'5; (1900), 1,221. 

KINXEY, William, Lieutenant-Governor of 
Illinois from 1N2() to ISoO ; was born in Kentuckj' in 
1781 and came to Illinois early in life, finally 
settling in St. Clair County. Of limited educa- 
tional advantages, lie was taught to read by his 
wife after marriage. He became a Baptist 
preacher, was a good stump-orator; served two 
sessions in the State Senate (the First and Third), 
was a candidate for Governor in 1834, but was 
defeated by Joseph Duncan; in 1838 was elected 
by the Legislature a member of the Board of 
Public AVorks, tecoming its President. Died 
in 1843.— William C. (Kinney), son of the preced- 
ing, was born in Illinois, served as a member of 



318 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



the Constitutional Convention of 1847 and as 
Representative in tlae Nineteentli General Assem- 
bly (1855), and, in 1857, was appointed by Gov- 
ernor Bissell Adjutant-General of the State, 
dying in oflice the following year. 

KISZIE, John, Indian-trader and earliest citi- 
zen of Chicago, was born in Quebec, Canada, in 
1763. His father was a Scotchman named 
McKenzie, but the son dropped the prefix "Mc," 
and the name soon came to be spelled "Kinzie" 
— an orthography recognized by the family. Dur- 
ing his early childhood his father died, and his 
mother gave him a stepfather by the name of 
William Forsythe. When ten years old he left 
home and, for three years, devoted himself to 
learning the jeweler's trade at Quebec. Fasci- 
nated by stories of adventure in the West, he 
removed thither and became an Indian-trader. 
In 1804 he established a trading post at what is 
now the site of Chicago, being the first solitary 
white settler. Later he established other posts 
on the Rock, Illinois and Kankakee Rivers. He 
was twice married, and the father of a numerous 
family. His daughter Maria married Gen. 
David Hunter, and his daughter-in-law, Mrs. 
John H. Kinzie, achieved literary distinction as 
the authoress of "Wau Bun," etc. (N. Y. 1850.) 
Died in Chicago, Jan. 6, 1828.— John Harris 
(Kinzie), son of the preceding, was born at Sand- 
wich, Canada, July 7, 1803, brought by his par- 
ents to Chicago, and taken to Detroit after the 
massacre of 1812, but returned to Chicago in 
1816. Two years later his father placed him at 
Mackinac Agency of the American Fur Com- 
pany, and, in 1824, he was transferred to Prairie 
du Chien. The following year he was Sub- Agent 
of Indian affairs at Fort Winnebago, where he 
witnessed several important Indian treaties. In 
1830 he went to Connecticut, where he was 
married, and, in 1833, took up his permanent resi- 
dence in Chicago, forming a partnership with 
Gen. David Hunter, his brother-in-law, in the 
forwarding business. In 1841 he was appointea 
Registrar of Public Lands by President Harrison, 
but was removed by Tyler. In 1848 he was 
appointed Canal Collector, and, in 1849, President 
Taylor commissioned him Receiver of Public 
Moneys. In 1861 he was commissioned Pay- 
master in thearmyby President Lincoln, which 
ofSce he held until his death, which occurred on 
a railroad train near Pittsburg, Pa., June 21, 1865. 
KIRBY, Edward P., lawyer and legislator, 
was born in Putnam County, 111., Oct. 28, 1834— 
the son of Rev. William Kirby, one of the found- 
ers and early professors of Illinois College at 



Jacksonville; graduated at Illinois College in 
1854, then taught several years at St. Louis and 
Jacksonville; was admitted to the bar in 1864, 
and, in 1873, was elected Count}' Judge of Morgan 
County as a Republican; was Representative in 
the General Assembly from Morgan County 
(1891-93) ; also served for several years as Trustee 
of the Central Hospital for the Insane and. for a 
long period, as Trustee and Treasurer of Illinois 
College. , 

KIRK, (Gen.) Edward >'., soldier, was born of 
Quaker parentage in Jefferson County, Ohio, Feb. 
29, 1828; graduated at the Friends' Academy, at 
Mount Pleasant in the same State, and, after 
teaching for a time, began the study of law, 
completing it at Baltimore, Md., where he was 
admitted to the bar in 1853. A year later he 
removed to Sterling, 111., where he continued in 
his profession until after the battle of the first 
Bull Run, when he raised a regiment. The quota 
of the State being already full, this was not im- 
mediately accepted; but, after some delay, was 
mustered in in September, 1861, as the Thirty- 
fourth Regiment Illinois Volunteers, with the 
subject of this sketch as Colonel. In the field he 
soon proved himself a brave and dashing oflScer; 
at the battle of Shiloh, though wounded through 
the shoulder, he refused to leave the field. After 
remaining with the army several days, inflam- 
matory fever set in, necessitating his removal to 
the hospital at Louisville, where he lay between 
life and death for some time. Having partially 
recovered, in August, 1862, he set out to rejoin 
his regiment, but was stopped en route by an 
order assigning him to command at Louisville. 
In November following he was commissioned 
Brigadier-General for "heroic action, gallantry 
and ability" displayed on the field. In the last 
daj-s of December, 1862, he had sufficiently re- 
covered to take part in the series of engagements 
at Stone River, where he was again wounded, 
this time fatally. He was taken to his home in 
Illinois, and, although he survived several 
months, the career of one of the most brilliant 
and promising soldiers of the war was cut short 
by his death, July 21, 1863. 

KIRKLAND, Joseph, journalist and author, 
was born at Geneva, N. Y., Jan. 7, 1830 — the son 
of Prof. William Kirkland of Hamilton College; 
was brought by his parents to 5Iichigan in 1835, 
where he remained until 1856, when he came to 
the city of Chicago. In 1861 he enlisted as a 
private in the Twelfth Illinois Infantry (three- 
months' men), was elected Second Lieutenant, 
but later became Aid-de-Camp op the staff of 



ITISTOKICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



319 



General Mi'Clellan. serving tliere and on tlie stall 
of General Fitz-Jolin Porter until the retirement 
of the latter, meanwhile taking part in the Pen- 
insular campaign and in the battle of Antietam. 
Retiuniug to Chicago he gave attention to some 
coalmining property near Danville, but later 
studied law and was admitted to the bar in 1880. 
A few years later he produced his first novel, 
and, from 1890, devoted his attention solely to 
literarj' pursuits, for several years being liter- 
ary editor of "The Chicago Tr-bune."' His works 
— several of which first appeared as serials in the 
magazines — include "Zury, the Meanest Man in 
Spring County" (1885); "The MoVeys" (1887); 
"The Captain of Co. K." (1889), besides the "His- 
tory of the Chicago Massacre of 1812," and "The 
Story of Chicago" — the latter in two volumes. At 
the time of his death he had just concluded, in 
collaboration with Hon. John Jloses, the work of 
editing a two-volume "History of Chicago," pub- 
lished by Messrs. Munsell & Co. (1895). Died, in 
Chicago, April 29, 1894.— Elizabeth Stansbury 
(Kirkland), sister of the preceding — teacher and 
author — was born at Geneva,N. Y. .came to Chicago 
in 1807 and, five years later, established a select 
schcx)l for young ladies, out of which grew what 
is known as the "Kirkland Social Settlement," 
which was continued until her death, July 30, 
1896. She was the author of a number of vol- 
umes of decided merit, written with the especial 
object of giving entertainment and iu.struction to 
the young — including "Six Little Cooks," "Dora's 
Housekeeping," "Speech and Manners," a Child's 
"Historj- of France," a "History of England," 
"History of English Literature," etc. At her 
death she left a "History of Italy" ready for the 
hands of the pul)lisliers. 

KIRKPATRICK, John, pioneer Methodist 
preacher, was born in Georgia, whence he emi- 
grated in 1803; located at Springfield, 111., at an 
early day, where he built the first horse-mill in 
that vicinity ; in 1829 removed to Adams County, 
and finally to Ottumwa, Iowa, where he died in 
1815. Mr. Kirkpatrick is believed to have been the 
first local Methodist preacher licetised in Illinois. 
Having inherited three slaves (a woman and two 
boys) while in Adams County, he brought them 
to Illinois and gave them their freedom. The 
boys were bound to a man in Quincy to learn a 
trade, but mysteriously disappeared — presumably 
having been kidnaped with the connivance of 
the man in whose charge they had been placed. 

KIRKWOOD, a city in Warren County, once 
known as "Young America," situated about six 
miles southwest of Monmouth, on the Chicago, 



Burlington i\: Quincy Kailroad ; is a stock-ship- 
ping point and in an agricultural region. The 
town has two banks, five churches, and two 
weekly newspapers. Pop. (1890), 949; (1900), 1,008. 

KISHWAUKEE RIVER, rises in McHenry 
County, runs west through Boone, and enters 
Rock River in Winnebago County, eight miles 
below Rockford. It is 75 miles long. An afflu- 
ent called the South Kishwaukee River runs 
north-northeast and northwest through De Kalb 
County, and enters the Kiskwaukee in Winne- 
bago County, about eight miles southeast of 
Rockford. 

KITCHELL, Wickliff, lawyer and Attorney- 
General of Illinois, was born in New Jersey, 
May 21, 1789. Feb. 29, 1812, he was married, 
at Newark, N. J., to Miss Elizabeth Ross, 
and the same year emigrated west, passing 
down the Ohio on a flat-boat from Pittsburg, 
Pa., and settled near Cincinnati In 1814 
he became a resident of Southern Indiana, 
where he was elected sheriff, studied law 
and was admitted to the bar, finally becom- 
ing a successful practitioner. In 1817 he removed 
to Palestine, Crawford County, 111., where, in 
1820, he was elected Representative in the Second 
General Assembly, and was also a member of the 
State Senate from 1828 to 1832. In 1838 he re- 
moved to Hillsboro, Montgomery County, was 
appointed Attorney-General in 1839, serving until 
near the close of the following year, when he 
resigned to take his seat as Representative in 
the Twelfth General Assembly. Between 1840 
and 1854 he was a resident of Fort Madison, Iowa, 
but the latter year returned to Hillsboro. During 
his early political career Mr. Kitchell had been a 
Democrat : but, on the passage of the Kansas- Neb- 
raska act. became an earnest Republican. Pub- 
lic-spirited and progressive, he was in advance of 
his time on many public questions. Died, Jan. 
2, 1869.— Alfred (kitchell), son of the preceding, 
lawyer and Judge, born at Palestine, 111., March 
29, 1820 ; was educated at Indiana State Univer- 
sity and Hillslwro Academy, admitted to the bar 
in 1841, and, the following year, commenced 
practice at Olney; was elected State's Attorney 
in 1843, through repeated re-elections holding the 
office ten years; was a member of the Constitu- 
tional Convention of 1847 and, in 1849, was 
elected Judge of Richland County ; later assisted 
in establishing the first newspaper published in 
Olney, and in organizing the Republican party 
there in 1856; in 1859 was elected Judge of the 
Twenty-fifth Judicial Circuit, serving one term. 
He was also influential in procuring a charter for 



320 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



the Ohio & Mississippi Railroad, and in the con- 
struction of tlie line, being an original corporator 
and subsequently a Director of the Company. 
Later he removed to Galesburg, where he died, 
Nov. 11, 1876.— Edward (Kitchell), another son, 
was born at Palestine, 111., Dec. 21, 1829; was 
educated at Hillsboro Academy until 1846, when 
he removed with his father's family to Fort 
Madison, Iowa, but later returned to Hillsboro to 
continue his .studies ; in 1852 made the trip across 
the plains to California to engage in gold mining, 
but the following year went to Walla Walla, 
Washington Territory, where he opened a law 
office; in 18.54 returned to Illinois, locating at 
Olney, Richland County, forming a partnership 
with Horace Hayward, a relative, in the practice 
of law. Here, having taken position against the 
repeal of the Missouri Compromise, he became, 
in 1856, the editor of the first Republican news- 
paper published in that part of Illinois known as 
"Egypt," with his brother, Judge Alfred Kitchell, 
being one of the original thirty-nine Republicans 
in Richland County. In 1862 he assisted in 
organizing the Ninety-eighth Regiment Illinois 
Volunteers at Centralia, which, in the following 
year having been mounted, became a part of the 
famous "Wilder Brigade." At first he was com- 
missioned Lieutenant-Colonel, but succeeded to 
tlie command of the regiment after the wounding 
of Colonel Funkhouser at Chickamauga in Sep- 
tember, 1863; was finally promoted to the colo- 
nelcy in July, 1865, and mustered out with the 
rank of Brigadier-General by brevet. Resuming 
the practice of his profession at Olney, he was, 
in 1866, the Republican candidate for Congress in 
a district strongly Democratic; also served as 
Collector of Internal Revenue for a short time 
and, in 1868, was Presidential Elector for the 
same District. Died, at Olney, July 11, 1869. — 
John WicklifT (Kitchell), youngest son of Wick- 
lifl' Kitchell, was born at Palestine, Crawford 
County, 111., May 30, 1835, educated at Hillsboro, 
read law at Fort Madison, Iowa, and admitted to 
the bar in that State. At the age of 19 years he 
served as Assistant Clerk of the House of Repre- 
sentatives at Springfield, and was Reading Clerk 
of the same body at the session of 1861. Previous 
to the latter date he had edited "The Montgomery 
County Herald," and later, "The Charleston 
Courier." Resigning his position as Reading 
Clerk in 1861, he enlisted under the first call of 
President Lincoln in the Ninth Illinois Volun- 
teers, served as Adjutant of the regiment and 
afterwards as Captain of his company. At the 
expiration of his term of enlistment he established 



"The Union Monitor" at Hillsboro, which he con- 
ducted until drafted into the service in 1864, 
serving until the close of the war. In 1866 he 
removed to Pana (his present residence), resum- 
ing practice there ; was a candidate for the State 
Senate the same year, and, in ISTO, was the 
Republican nominee for Congress in that District. 

KNICKERBOCKER, Joshua C, lawyer, was 
born in Gallatin, Columbia County, N. Y., Sept. 
26, 1827; brought by his father to Alden, McHenry 
County, 111., in 1844, and educated in the com- 
mon schools of that place; removed to Chicago in 
1860, studied law and was admitted to practice in 
1862 ; served on the Board of Supervisors and in 
the City Council and, in 1868, was elected Repre- 
sentative in the General Assembly, serving one 
term. He was also a member of tlie State Board 
of Education from 1875 to '77, and the latter 
year was elected Probate Judge for Cook County, 
serving until his death, Jan. 5, 1890. 

KNIGHTS OF PYTHIAS, a secret semi mill 
tary and benevolent association founded in the 
City of Washington, D. C, Feb. 19. 1864, Justus 
H. Rathbone (who died Dec. 9, 1889) being its 
recognized founder. The order was established 
in Illinois, May 4, 1869, by the organization of 
"Welcome Lodge, No. 1," in the city of Chicago. 
On July 1, 1869, this Lodge had nineteen mem- 
bers. At the close of the year four additional 
Lodges had been instituted, having an aggregate 
membership of 245. Early in the following year, 
on petition of these five Lodges, approved by the 
Grand Chancellor, a Grand Lodge of the Order 
for the State of Illinois was instituted in Chicago, 
with a membership of twenty-nine Past Chancel- 
lors as representatives of the five subordinate 
Lodges — the total membership of these Lodges at 
that date being 382. December 31, 1870, the 
total membership in Illinois had increased to 850. 
June 30, 1895, the total number of Lodges in the 
State was 525, and the membership 38.441. The 
assets belonging to the Lodges in Illinois, on 
Jan. 1, 1894, amounted to §418,151.77. 

KNOWLTON, Dexter A., pioneer and banker, 
was born in Fairfield, Herkimer County, N. Y., 
March 3, 1812, taken to Chautauqua County in 
infancy and passed his childhood and youth on a 
farm. Having determined on a mercantile ca- 
reer, he entered an academy at Fredonia, paying 
his own waj-; in 1838 started on a peddling tour 
for the West, and, in the following year, settled 
at Freeport, 111., where he opened a general store; 
in 1843 began investments in real estate, finally 
laying off sundry additions to the city of Free- 
port, from which he realized large profits. He 



HISTOEICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



321 



was also prominently connected with the Galena 
& Chicago Union Railroad and, in 1850, became 
a Director of the Company, remaining in office 
some twelve years. In 1852 he was the Free-Soil 
candidate for Governor of Illinois, but a few years 
later became e.vtensively interested in the Con- 
gress & Empire Spring Company at Saratoga, 
X. Y. ; then, after a four years' residence in 
Brooklyn, returned to Freeport in 18T0, where he 
engaged in banking business, dying in that city, 
March 10, 1870. 

KXOX, Joseph, lawyer, was born at Blanford, 
Mass., Jan. 11, 1805; studied law with his 
brother. Gen. Alanson Knox, in his native town, 
was admitted to the bar in 1828, subsequently 
removing to Worcester, in the same State, where 
he began the practice of his profession. In 1837 
he removed west, locating at Stephenson, now 
Rock Island, 111., where he continued in practice 
for twenty-three years. During the greater part 
of that time he was associated with Hon. John 
"W. Drury, under the firm name of Knox & Drurj-, 
gaining a wide reputation as a lawyer throughout 
Northern Illinois. Among tlie important cases in 
which he took part during his residence in Rock 
Island was the prosecution of the murderers of 
Colonel Davenport in 1845. In 1852 he served as a 
Democratic Presidential Elector, but in the next 
campaign identified himself with the Republican 
party as a supporter of John C. Fremont for the 
Presidency. In 18G0 he removed to Chicago and, 
two j-ears later, was appointed State's Attorney 
by Governor Yates, remaining in oflTice until suc- 
ceeded by his partner, Charles H. Reed. After 
coming to Chicago he was identified with a num- 
ber of notable cases. His death occurred, August 
6, 1881. 

KXOX COLLEGE, a non-sectarian institution 
for the higher education of the youth of both 
sexes, located at Galesburg, Knox County. It 
was founded in 1837, fully organized in 1841, and 
graduated its first class in 1846. The number of 
graduates from that date until 1894, aggregated 
867. In 1893 it had 603 students in attendance, 
and a faculty of 20 professors. Its library con- 
tains about 6,000 volumes. Its endowment 
amounts to §300,000 and its buildings are valued 
at §150,000. Dr. Ne^vton Bateman was at its 
head for more than twenty years, and. on his res- 
ignation (1893), John H. Finley, Ph.D., became 
its President, but resigned in 1899. 

KNOX COFNTY, a wealthy interior county 
west of the Illinois River, having an area of 720 
6<iuare miles and a population (1900) of 43,613. It 
■was named in honor of Gen. Henrj' Knox. Its 



territorial limits were defined by legislative 
enactment in 1825, but the actual organization 
dates from 1830, when Riggs Pennington, Philip 
Hash and Charles Hansford were named the first 
Commissioners. Knoxville was the first county- 
seat selected, and here (in the winter of 1830-31) 
was erected the first court house, constructed 
of logs, two stories in lieiglit. at a cost of 
5192. The soil is rich, and agriculture flour- 
ishes. The present county-seat (1899) is Gales- 
burg, well known for its educational institutions, 
the best known of which are Knox College, 
founded in 1837, and Lombard University, 
founded in 1851. A flourishing Episcopal Semi- 
nary is located at Knoxville, and Hedding Col- 
lege at Abingdon. 

KNOXVILLE, a city in Knox County, on the 
Galeslmrg-Peoria Division of tlie Chicago, Bur- 
lington & Quincy Railroad, 50 miles west of 
Peoria, and 5 miles east of Galesburg; was 
formerly the county-seat, and still contains the 
fair grounds and almshouse. The municipal gov- 
ernment is composed of a mayor, six aldermen, 
witli seven heads of departments. It lias electric 
lighting and street-car service, good water-works, 
banks, numerous c.hurclies, three public .schools, 
and is the seat of St. Mary's school for girls, and 
St. Alhan's, for boys. Population (1890), 1,728; 
(1900). 1,857, 

KOERXER, Gu.stavus, lawyer and Lieutenant- 
Governor, was born in Germany in 1809, and 
received a university education. He was a law- 
yer by profession, and emigrated to Illinois in 
1833, settling finally at Belleville. He at once 
afliliated with the Democratic party, and soon 
became prominent in politics. In 1842 he was 
elected to the General Assembly, and three years 
later was appointed to the bench of the State 
Supreme Court. In 1852 he was elected Lieuten- 
ant-Governor on the ticket headed by Joel A. 
Matteson; but, at the close of his term, became 
identified with the Republican party and was a 
staunch Union man during the Civil War, serving 
for a time as Colonel on General Fremont's and 
General Halleck's staffs. In 1863 President Lin- 
coln made him Minister to Spain, a post which he 
resigned in January, 1865. He was a member of 
the Chicago Convention of 1860 that nominated 
Lincoln for the Presidencj'; was a Republican 
Presidential Elector in 1868, and a delegate to the 
Cincinnati Convention of 1872 that named Horace 
Greeley for the Presidency. In 1807 lie served as 
President of the first Board of Trustees of the 
Soldiers' Orphans' Home, and. in 1870, was 
elected to the Legislature a second time. The 



322 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



following year he was appointed a member of the 
first Board of Railroad and Warehouse Commis- 
sioners, and served as its President. He is the 
author of "Collection of the Important General 
Laws of Illinois, with Comments" (in German, 
St. Louis, 1838); "From Spain" (Frankfort ou- 
the-Main, 1866); "Das Deutsche Element in den 
Vereiningten Staaten" (Cincinnati, 1880; second 
edition, New York, 1885) ; and a number of mono- 
graphs. Died, at Belleville, April 9, 1896. 

KOHLSAAT, Christian C, Judge of United 
States Court, was born in Edwards County, 111., 
Jan. 8, 1844 — his father being a native of Germany 
who settled in Edwards County in 1835, while his 
mother was born in England. The family 
removed to Galena in 1854, where young Kohlsaat 
attended the public schools, later taking a course 
in Chicago University, after which he began the 
study of law. In 1867 he became a reporter on 
"The Chicago Evening Journal," was admitted 
to the bar in the same year, and, in 1868, accepted 
a position in the office of the County Clerk, where 
he kept the records of the County Court under 
Judge Bradwell's administration. During the 
sessions of the Twenty-seventh General Assembly 
(1871-72) , he served as First Assistant Enrolhng 
and Engrossing Clerk of the House, after which 
he began practice; in 1881 was the Republican 
nominee for County Judge, but was defeated by 
Judge Prendergast; served as member of the 
Board of West Side Park Commissioners, 1884-90 ; 
in 1890 was appointed Probate Judge of Cook 
County (as successor to Judge Knickerbocker, 
who died in January of that year), and was 
elected to the office in November following, and 
re-elected in 1894, as he was again in 1898. Early 
in 1899 he was appointed, by President McKinley, 
Judge of the United States District Court for the 
Northern District of Illinois, as successor to Judge 
Grosscup, who had been appointed United States 
Circuit Judge in place of Judge Showalter, 
deceased. 

KOHLSAAT, Herman H., editor and news- 
paper publisher, was born in Edwards Countj', 
111., March 33, 1853, and taken the following year 
to Galena, where he remained until 13 years of 
age, when the family removed to Chicago. Here, 
after attending the public schools some three 
years, he became a cash-boy in the store of Car- 
son, Pirie & Co., a year later rising to the position 
of cashier, remaining two years. Then, after 
having been connected with various business 
concerns, he became the junior member of the 
firm of Blake, Shaw & Co., for whom he had been 
a traveling salesman some five years. In 1880 he 



became associated with the Dake Bakery, in con- 
nection with which he laid the foundation of an 
extensive business by establishing a system of 
restaurants and lunch counters in the business 
portions of the city. In 1891, after a somewhat pro- 
tracted visit to Europe, Mr. Kohlsaat bought a con- 
trolling interest in "The Chicago Inter Ocean," 
but withdrew early in 1894. In April, 1895, he be- 
came principal proprietor of "The Chicago Times- 
Herald," as the successor of the late James W. 
Scott, who died suddenlj- in New York, soon after 
effecting a consolidation of Chicago's two Demo- 
cratic papers, "The Times" and "Herald," in one 
concern. Although changing the political status 
of the paper from Democratic to Independent, 
Mr. Kohlsaat's liberal enterprise has won for it 
an assured success. He is also owner and pub- 
lisher of "The Chicago Evening Post." His 
wliole business career has been one of almost 
phenomenal success attained by vigorous enter- 
prise and high-minded, honorable methods. Mr. 
Kohlsaat is one of the original incorporators of 
the University of Chicago, of which he continues 
to be one of the Trustees. 

KROJIE, William Henry, lawyer, born of Ger- 
man parentage, in Louisville, Ky., July 1, 1842; 
in 1851 was brought by his father to Madison 
County, 111. , where he lived and worked for some 
years on a farm. He acquired his education in 
the common schools and at McKendree College, 
graduating from the latter in 1863. After spend- 
ing his summer months in farm labor and teach- 
ing school during the winter, for a year or two, 
he read law for a time with Judge M. G. Dale of 
Edwardsville, and, in 1866, entered the law 
department of Michigan University, gradu- 
ating in 1869, though admitted the year previous 
to practice by the Supreme Court of Illinois. Mr. 
Krome has been successively the partner of 
Judge John G. Irwin, Hon. W. F. L. Hadley (late 
Congressman from the Eighteenth District) and 
C. W. Terry. He has held the office of Mayor of 
Edwardsville (1873), State Senator (1874-78), and, 
in 1893, was a prominent candidate before the 
Democratic judicial convention for the nomina- 
tion for Justice of the Supreme Court, to succeed 
Justice Scholfield, deceased. He is also President 
of the Madison County State Bank. 

KUEFFNER, WilHam C, lawyer and soldier, 
was born in Germany and came to St. Clair 
County, 111., in 1861. Early in 1865 he was com- 
missioned Colonel of the One Hundred and Forty- 
ninth Illinois Volunteer Infantry, one of the 
latest regiments organized for the Civil War, and 
was soon after promoted to the rank of Brevet 



IIISTOniCAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



323 



Brigatlier-Gencral. serviiiK until .lanuaiy, 186C. 
Later, CJeneral Kuellner studied law at St. Louis, 
and having graduated in 1871, established himself 
in practice at Belleville, where he has since 
resided. He was a successful contestant for a 
seat in the Republican National Convention of 
1880 from the .Seventeenth District. 

Kl'VKEND.VLL, Andrew J., lawyer and legis- 
lator, was born of pioneer parents in Gallatin 
(now Hardin) County, 111., March 3, ISl.'J; was 
self-educated chiefly, but in his early manhood 
adopted the law as a profession, locating at 
Vienna in Johnson County, where he continued 
to reside to the end of his life. In 1843 he was 
elected a Representative in the Thirteenth Gen- 
eral Assembly, and re-elected two years later; in 
1850 became State Senator, serving continuously 
in the same body for twelve years ; in 1861 en- 
listed, and was commissioned Major, in the 
Thirty-first Illinois Volunteers (Gen. John A. 
Logan's regiment), but was compelled to resign, 
in May following, on acount of impaired health. 
Two years later (1864) he was elected Represent- 
ative in the Tliirtj'-ninth Congress, serving one 
term; and, after several years in private life, was 
again returned to the State Senate in 1878, serving 
in the Thirty-first and Thirty-second General 
Assemblies. In all, Major Kuykendall saw 
twenty years' service in the State Legislature, of 
which sixteen were spent in the Senate and four 
in the House, besides two years in Congress. A 
zealous Democrat previous to the war, he was an 
ardent supporter of the war policy of the Govern- 
ment, and, in 1864, presided over the "Union"' 
(Republican) State Convention of that year. He 
was also a member of the Senate Finance Com- 
mittee in the session of 1859, which ha<l the duty 
of investigating the Matteson "canal scrip fraud." 
Died, at Vienna, III, May 11, 1891. 

LABOR TROUBLES. 1 The Railroad 
Strike of lti77. — By this name is generally char- 
acterized the labor disturbances of 1877, which, 
beginning at Pittsburg in July, spread over the 
entire country, interrupting transportation, and, 
for a time, threatening to paralyze trade. Illi- 
nois suffered severely. The primary cause of the 
troubles was the general prostration of business 
resulting from the depression of values, which 
affected manufacturers and merchants alike. A 
reduction of expenses became necessary, and the 
wages of emploj-es were lowered. Dissatisfaction 
and restlessness on the part of the latter ensued, 
which found expression in the ordering of a strijve 
among railroad operatives on a larger scale than 



had ever been witnessed in this country. In Illi- 
nois, Peoria, Decatur, Braidwood, East St. Louis, 
Galesburg, La Salle and Chicago were tlie prin- 
cipal points affected. In all tliese cities angry, 
excited men formed themselves into mobs, which 
tore uj) trat^ks, took possession of macliine shops, 
in some cases destroyed roundhouses, applied the 
torch to warehouses, and, for a time, held com- 
merce by the throat, not only defying the law. 
but even contending in arms against the military 
sent to disperse them. The entire force of the 
State militia was called into service, Major- 
General Arthur C. Ducat being in command. 
The State troops were divided into three brigades, 
commanded respectively by Brigadier-Generals 
Torrence, Bates and Pavey. General Ducat 
assumed peisonal command at Braidwood, where 
were sent the Third Regiment and the Tenth 
Battalion, who suppres.sed the riots at that point 
with ease. Col. Joseph W. Stambaugh and 
Lieut. -Col. J. B. Parsons were the respective 
regimental commanders. Generals Bates and 
Pavey were in command at East St. Louis, 
where the excitement was at fever heat, the 
mobs terrorizing peaceable citizens and destroy- 
ing much property. Governor CuUom went to 
this point in person. Chicago, however, was the 
chief railroad center of the State, and only 
prompt and severely repressive measures held in 
check one of the most dangerous mobs which 
ever tlu-eatened property and life in that cit}'. 
The local police force was inadequate to (;ontrol 
the rioters, and Mayor Heath felt himself forced 
to call for aid from the State. Brig. -Gen. Joseph 
T. Torrence then commanded the First Brigade, 
I. N. G., with headquarters at Cliicago. Under 
instructions from Governor Cullom, he promptlj- 
and effectivel}- co-operated with the municipal 
authorities in quelling the uprising. He received 
valuable support from volunteer companies, some 
of which were largelj' composed of Union veter- 
ans. The latter were commanded by such ex- 
perienced commanders as Generals Reynolds, 
Martin Beem, and O. L. Mann, and Colonel Owen 
Stuart. General Lieb also led a company of 
veterans enli.sted by liini.self, and General Shaff- 
ner and Major James H. D. Daly organized a 
cavalry force of 150 old soldiers, who rendered 
efficient service. The disturbance was promptly 
subdued, transportation resumed, and trade once 
more began to move in its accustomed channels. 
2. The Strike of 1894. — This was an uprising 
which originated in Chicago and was incited by a 
comparatively young labor organization called 
the American Railway Union. In its inception it 



324 



HISTOEICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



was sympathetic, its ostensible motive, at the 
outset, being the righting of wrongs alleged to 
have been suffered by employes of the Pullman 
Palace Car Company. The latter quit work on 
May 11, and, on June 23, the American Railway 
Union ordered a general boycott against all rail- 
road companies hauling Pullman cars after June 
20. The General Managers of the lines entering 
Chicago took prompt action (June 2.5) looking 
tovcard mutual protection, protesting against the 
proposed boycott, and affirming their resolution 
to adhere to existing contracts, any action on the 
part of the strikers to the contrary notwithstand- 
ing. Trouble began on the 26th. The hauUng of 
freight was necessarily .soon discontinued; sub- 
urban traffic was interrupted; switching had to 
be done by inexperienced hands under police or 
military protection (officials and clerks some- 
times throtving the levers), and in the presence of 
large crowds of law-defying hoodlums gathered 
along the tracks, avowedly through sympathy 
with the strikers, but actually in the hope of 
plunder. Trains were sideti'acked, derailed, and, 
in not a few instances, valuable freight was 
burned. Passengers were forced to undergo the 
inconvenience of being cooped up for hours in 
crowded cars, in transit, without food or water, 
sometimes almost within sight of their destina- 
tion, and sometimes threatened with death should 
they attempt to leave their prison houses. The 
mobs, intoxicated by seeming success, finally ven- 
tured to interfere with the passage of trains 
carrying the United States mails, and, at this 
juncture, the Federal authorities interfered. 
President Cleveland at once ordered the protec- 
tion of all mail trains by armed guards, to be 
appointed by the United States Marshal. An 
additional force of Deputy Sheriffs was also sworn 
in by the Sheriff of Cook County, and the city 
police force was augmented. The United States 
District Court also issued a restraining order, 
directed against the officers and members of the 
American Railway Union, as well as against all 
other persons interfering with the business of 
railroads carrying the mails. Service was readily 
accepted by the officers of the Union, but the 
copies distributed among the insurgent mob were 
torn and trampled upon. Thereupon the Presi- 
dent ordered Federal troops to Chicago, both to 
protect Government property (notably the Sub- 
treasury) and to guard mail trains. The Gov- 
ernor (John P. Altgeld) protested, but without 
avail. A few days later, the Mayor of Chicago 
requested the State Executive to place a force of 
State militia at his control for the protection of 



property and the prevention of bloodshed. Gen- 
eral Wheeler, with the entire second division of 
the I. N. G., at once received orders to report to 
the municipal authorities. The presence of the 
militia greatly incensed the turbulent crowds, 
yet it proved most salutary. The troops displayed 
exemplary firmness under most trying circum- 
stances, dispersing jeering and threatening 
crowds by physical force or bayonet charges, the 
rioters being fired upon only twice. Gradually 
order was restored. The disreputable element 
subsided, and wiser and more conservative coun- 
sels prevailed among the ranks of the strikers. 
Impediments to traffic were removed and trains 
were soon running as though no interruption had 
occurred. The troops were withdrawn (first the 
Federal and afterwards those of the State), and 
the courts were left to deal with the subject in 
accordance with the statutes. The entire execu- 
tive board of the American Railway Union were 
indicted for conspiracy, but the indictments were 
never pressed. The officers, however, were all 
found guilty of contempt of court in having dis- 
obeyed the restraining order of the Federal 
court, and sentenced to terms in the county jail. 
Eugene V. Debs, the President of the Union, was 
convicted on two charges and given a sentence 
of six months on each, but the two sentences were 
afterward made concurrent. The other members 
of the Board received a similar sentence for three 
months each. All but the Vice-President, George 
W, Howard, served their terms at Woodstock, 
McHenry County. Howard was sent to the Will 
County jail at Joliet. 

LACEY, Lyman, lawyer and jurist, was born in 
Tompkins County, N. Y., May 6, 1833. In 1837 
his parents settled in Fulton County, 111. He 
graduated from Illinois College in 1855 and was 
admitted to the bar in 1856, commencing practice 
at Havana, Mason County, the same year. In 
1863 he was elected, as a Democrat, to represent 
the counties of Mason and Menard in the lower 
house of the Legislature ; was elected to the Cir- 
cuit Court bench in 1873, and re-elected in 1879, 
'85 and '91; also served for several years upon 
the bench of the Appellate Court. 

LACONj a city and county-seat of Marshall 
County, situated on the Illinois River, and on the 
Dwight and Lacon branch of the Chicago & 
Alton Railroad, 130 miles southwest of Chicago. 
A pontoon bridge connects it with Sparland on 
the opposite bank of the Illinois. The surround- 
ing country raises large quantities of grain, for 
wliich Lacon is a shipping point. The river is 
navigable by steamboats to this point. The city 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



325 



has grain elevators, woolen mills, marble works, 
a carriage factorj- and a national bank. It also has 
water works, an excellent telephone system, good 
drainage, and is lighted by electricity. There 
are seven cliurches, a graded school and two 
weekly newspapers. Population (ISSO), 1,814: 
(1890). l.G4!l. (1900). 1.601. 

lA FAYETTE (Marquis de), VISIT OF. An 
event of profound interest in the history of Illi- 
nois, during the year lS2r>, was the visit to the 
State by Ihe Maniuis do La Fayette, who had 
been the ally of the American people during 
their struggle for independence. The distin- 
guished Frenchman having arrived in the coun- 
try during the latter part of 1824, the General 
Assembly in se.ssion at Vandalia, in December of 
that year, adopted an addre.ss inviting him to 
visit Illinois. This was communicated to La 
Fayette by Gov. Edward Coles, who had met the 
General in Europe seven years before. Governor 
Coles' letter and the address of the General 
Assembly were answered with an acceptance by 
La Fayette from Washington, under date of Jan. 
16, 1825. Tlie approach of the latter was made by 
way of Xew Orleans, the steamer Natchez (by 
which General La Fayette ascended the Mis- 
sissippi) arriving at the old French village of 
Carondelet, below St. Louis, on the 28th of April. 
Col. AViUiam S. Hamilton, a son of Alexander 
Hamilton, and at that time a Representative in 
the General Assembly from Sangamon County, 
as well as an Aid-de-Camp on the staflf of Gov- 
ernor Coles, was dispatched from the home of the 
latter at Edwardsville, to meet the distinguished 
visitor, which he ditl at St. Louis. On Saturday, 
April 30, the boat bearine General La Fayette, 
with a large delegation of prominent citizens of 
Missouri, left St. Louis, arriving at Kaskaskia, 
where a receijtion awaited him at the elegant 
residence of Gen. John Edgar, Governor Coles 
delivering an address of welcome. Tlie presence 
of a number of old soldiers, who had fought under 
La Fayette at Brandj-wine and Yorktown, consti- 
tuted an interesting feature of the occasion. This 
was followed b)- a banquet at the tavern kei)t by 
Colonel Sweet, and a closing reception at the house 
of William Morri.son, Sr., a member of tlie cele- 
brated family of tliat name, and one of the lead- 
ing merchants of Kaskaskia. Among those 
participating in the reception ceremonies, who 
were then, or afterwards became, prominent 
factors in State history, appear the names of Gen. 
John Edgar, ex-Governor Bond, Judge Nathaniel 
Pope, Elias Kent Kane, ex-Lieutenant-Governor 
Menard, Col. Thomas Mather and Sidney Breese, 



a future United States Senator and Justice of the 
Supreme Court. The boat left Kaskaskia at 
midnight for Nashville, Tenn., Governor Coles 
accompanying the partji- and returning with it to 
Shawneetown, where an imjjosing reception was 
given and an address of welcome delivered by 
Judge James Hall, on May 14, 1825. A few 
hours later General La Fayette left on his way up 
the Ohio. 

L.AF.VYETTE, IJI.OOMIXGTON & MISSIS- 
SIPPI n.VILKO.VI*. (See Lahc Erie & Western 
Railroad.) 

LAFLIX, Matthew, manufacturer, was born 
at .Southwick, Hampden County, Mass., Dec. 16, 
1803; in his youth was clerk for a time in the 
store of Laflin & Loomis, powder manufacturers, 
at Lee, Mas.s., later becoming a partner in the 
Canton Powder 3Iill.s. About 1832 he engaged in 
the manufacture of axes at Saugerties, N. Y., 
which proving a failure, he again engaged in 
powder manufacture, and, in 1837, came to Chi- 
cago, where he finally established a factory — his 
firm, in 1840, becoming Laflin & Smith, and, 
later, Laflin, Smith & Co. Becoming largely 
interested in real estate, he devoted his atten- 
tion chiefly to that business after 1849, with 
great success, not only in Chicago but else- 
where, having done much for the develop- 
ment of Waukesha, Wis., where he erected one 
of the principal hotels — the "Fountain Spring 
House"' — also being one of the original stock- 
holders of the Elgin Watch Company. Mr. 
Laflin was a zealous supporter of the Government 
during the war for the preservation of the Union, 
and, before his death, made a donation of §75,- 
000 for a building for the Chicago Academy of 
Sciences, wliicli was erected in the western part 
of Lincoln Park. Died, in Chicago, May 20, 1897. 

L.\ (iiR.V\(JE, a village in Cook County, and 
one of the handsomest suburbs of Chicago, from 
w-hich it is distant 15 miles, south-southwest, on 
the Chicago, Burlington & Qulncy Railroad. The 
streets are broad and shaded and there are many 
handsome residences. The village is lighted by 
electricity, and has public water-works, .seven 
churches, a high school and a weekly paper. 
Population (1880), 531; (1890), 2.314; (1900), .3,969. 

L.V HAHPE, a city in Hancock County, on the 
Toledo, Peoria & Western Railway, 70 miles west 
by south from Peoria and 20 miles south-south- 
east of Burlington, Iowa. Brick, tile and cigars 
constitute the manufactured output. La Harpe 
has two banks, five churches, a graded and a 
high school, a seminary, and two newspapers. 
Population (1880), 958; (1890), 1,113; (1900), 1,591. 



320 



niSTOPJCAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



LAKE COUNTY, in the extreme northeast 
corner of the State, having an area o£ 490 square 
miles, and a population (1900) of 34,504. It was 
cut ofif from McHenry County and separately 
organized in 1839. Pioneer settlers began to 
arrive in 1839, locating chiefly along the Des 
Plaines River. The Indians vacated the region 
the following year. The first County Commission- 
ers (E. E. Hunter, "William Brown and E. C. 
Berrey) located the county-seat at Libertyville, 
but, in 1841, it was removed to Little Fort, now 
Waukegan. The county derives its name from 
the fact that some forty small lakes are found 
within its limits. The surface is undulating and 
about equally divided between sand, prairie and 
second-growth timber. At Waukegan there are 
several maufacturing establishments, and the 
Glen Flora medicinal spring attracts many in- 
valids. Highland Park and Lake Forest are resi- 
dence towns of great beauty situated on the lake 
blufif, populated largely by the families of Chicago 
business men. 

LAKE ERIE & MISSISSIPPI RAILROAD. 
(See Lal:e Erie & Western Railroad.) 

LAKE ERIE & WESTERX RAILROAD. Of 
the 710.61 miles which constitute the entire 
length of this line, only 118.6 are within Illinois. 
This portion extends from the junction of the 
Peoria & Pekin Union Railway, on the east side 
of the Illinois River opposite Peoria, to the Indi- 
ana State line. It is a single-track road of 
standard gauge. About one-sixth of the line in 
Illinois is level, the grade nowhere exceeding 40 
feet to the mile. The track is of 56 and 60-pound 
steel rails, and lightly ballasted. The total 
capital of the road (1898)— including §23,680,000 
capital stock, $10,875,000 bonded debt and a float- 
ing debt of §1,479,809— was §36,034,809, or §50,- 
708 per mile. The total earnings and income in 
Illinois for 1898 were §559,743, and the total 
expenditures for the same period, §437,713.— 
(History.) The main line of the Illinois Division 
of the Lake Erie & Western Railroad was acquired 
by consolidation, in 1880, of the Lafayette, Bloom- 
ington & Mississippi Railroad (81 miles in length), 
which had been opened in 1871, with certain Ohio 
and Indiana lines. In May, 1885, the line thus 
formed was consolidated, without change of name, 
with the Lake Erie & Mississippi Railroad, organ- 
ized to build an extension of the Lake Erie & 
Western from Bloomington to Peoria (43 miles). 
The road was sold under foreclosure in 1886, and 
the pre.sent company organized, Feb. 9, 1887. 

LAKE FOREST, a city in Lake County, on 
Lake Michigan and Chicago & Northwestern Rail- 



way, 28 miles north by west from Chicago. It is 
the seat of Lake Forest University; has four 
schools, five churches, one bank, gas and electric 
light system, electric car line, water system, fire 
department and hospital. Population (1890), 
1,203; (1900), 2,215; (1904, est), 2,800. 

LAKE FOREST UMVERSITY, an institution 
of learning comprising six distinct schools, viz. ; 
Lake Forest Academy, Ferry Hall Seminary, 
Lake Forest College, Rush Medical College, Chi- 
cago College of Dental Surgery, and the Chicago 
College of Law. The three first named are 
located at Lake Forest, while the three profes- 
sional schools are in the city of Chicago. The 
college charter was granted in 1857, but the 
institution was not opened until nineteen years 
later, and the professional schools, which were 
originally independent, were not associated until 
1887. In 1894 there were 316 undergraduates at 
Lake Forest, in charge of forty instructors. Dur- 
ing the same year there were in attendance at the 
professional scliools, 1,557 students, making a 
total enrollment in the University of 1,873. 
While the institution is affiliated with the Pres- 
byterian denomination, the Board of Trustees is 
self-perpetuating. The Academy and Seminary 
are preparatory schools for the two sexes, re- 
spectively. Lake Forest College is co-educational 
and organized upon the elective plan, having 
seventeen departments, a certain number of 
studies being required for graduation, and work 
upon a major subject being required for three 
years. The schools at Lake Forest occupy fifteen 
buildings, standing within a campus of .sixty-five 
acres. 

LAKE MICHIGAJf, one of the chain of five 
great northern lakes, and the largest lake lying 
wholly within the United States. It lies between 
the parallels of 41° 35' and 46° North latitude, its 
length being about 335 miles. Its width varies 
from 50 to 88 miles, its greatest breadth being 
opposite Milwaukee. Its surface is nearly 600 
feet above the sea-level and its maximum depth 
is estimated at 840 feet. It has an area of about 
20,000 square miles. It forms the eastern bound- 
ary of Wisconsin, the western boundary of the 
lower peninsula of Michigan and a part of the 
northern boundary of Illinois and Indiana. Its 
waters find their outlet into Lake Huron through 
the straits of 5Iackinaw, at its northeast extrem- 
ity, and are connected with Lake Superior by the 
Sault Ste. Marie River. It contains few islands, 
and these mainly in its northern part, the largest 
being some fifteen miles long. The principal 
rivers which empty into this lake are the Fox, 



mSTOKR'AL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



327 



Mpnominoe, Manistee. Muskegon, Kalamazoo, 
Grand ami St. Joseph. Chicago, Milwaukee, 
Racine and Manitowoc are the chief cities on its 
banks. 

L.VKE SHORE A: MICHKiAX SOITHERN 
RAILWAY. The main line e.xtends from liulfalo, 
N. Y., to Chicago, 111., a distance of 539 miles, 
with various branches of leased and proprietary 
lines located in the States of Michigan, New 
York and Oliio, making the mileage of lines 
oper.ated 1.41.'>.63 miles, of which SCS.!.? are owned 
by the company— only 14 miles being in Illinois. 
Tlie total earnings and income in Illinois, in 1.S98, 
were §453,940, and the expenditures for the .same 
period, §360,971. — (History.) The company was 
formed in 1869, from the consolidation of the 
Michigan Southern & Northern Indiana, the 
Cleveland, Painesville & Ashtabula, and the 
Buffalo & Erie Railroad Companies. The propri- 
etary roads have been acquired since the consoli- 
dation. 

LAMB, James L., pioneer merchant, was lx)rn 
in Connellsville, Pa., Nov. 7, 1800; at 13 years of 
age went to Cincinnati to serve as clerk in the 
store of a distant relative, came to Kaskaskia, 111., 
in 1820, and soon after engaged in mercantile 
business with Thomas Mather, who had come to 
Illinois two years earlier. Later, the firm estab- 
lished a store at Chester and shipped the first 
barrels of pork from Illinois to the New Orleans 
market. In 1831 Mr. Lamb located in Springfield, 
afterwards carrying on merchandising and pork- 
packing extensively ; also established an iron 
foundry, which continued in operation until a few- 
years ago. Died, Pec. 3, 1873. 

LAMIt, Marthil J. R. >'., magazine editor and 
historian, was born (Martha Joan Reade Nash) at 
Plainfield, Mass., August 13, 1829, received a 
thorough education and, after her marriage in 
18.52 to Charles A. Lamb, resided for eight j-ears 
in Chicago, 111., where she was one of the prin- 
cipal founders of the Home for the Friendless and 
Half Orphan Asylum, and Secretary of the 
Sanitary Fair of 1863. In 1866 she removed to 
New York and gave her after life to literary work, 
from 1883 until her death being editor of "The 
Magazine of American History." besides furnish- 
ing numerous papers on historical and other sub- 
jects; also publishing some sixteen volumes, one 
of her most important works being a "History o' 
New York City," in two volumes. She was a 
member of nearly thirty historical and other 
learned societies. Died, Jan. 2, 1893. 

LAHBORX, Josiah, early lawyer and Attor- 
ney-General; born in Washington County, Ky., 



and educated at Transylvania University; wa-s 
Attorney General of the State by appointment of 
Goi-ernor Carlin, 1840-43, at that tiu'e being a 
resident of Jacksonville. He is described by his 
contemporaries as an able and brilliant man, but 
of convivial habits and unscrupulous to such a 
degree that his name was mixed up with a num- 
ber of official scandals. Separated from his 
family, lie died of delirium tremens, at White- 
hall, Greene County. 

LAMOILLE, a village of Bureau County, on the 
Mendota-Fulton branch of the Chicago, Burling- 
ton & Quincy Railway, 9 miles northwest of Men- 
dota; in rich farming and stock-raising region; 
has a bank, three churches, fine school-building, 
and a newspaper. Pop. (1890), 016; (1900), 576. 

LAMOJf, Ward Hill, lawyer, was born at 
Mill Creek, Frederick County, W. Va., Jan. 6, 
1828; received a common school education and 
was engaged in teaching for a time ; also began 
the study of medicine, but relin(iuished it for the 
law. About 1847-48 he located at Danville, III, 
suUsequently read law with the late Judge Oliver 
L. Davis, attending lectures at the Louisville 
Law School, where he had Gen. John A. Logan 
for a class-mate. On admission to the bar, he 
became the Danville partner of Abraham Lincoln 
— the partnership being in existence as early as 
1852. In 1859 he removed to Bloomington, and, 
in the Presidential campaign of 1800, was a zeal- 
ous supporter of Mr. Lincoln. In February, 1861, 
he was cho.sen by Mr. Lincoln to accompany him 
to Washington, making the perilous night jour- 
ney through Baltimore in Mr. Lincoln's company. 
Being a man of undoubted courage, as well as 
almost giant stature, he soon received the ap- 
pointment of Marshal of the District of Colunibia, 
and, in the first weeks of the new administration, 
made a confidential visit to Colonel Anderson, 
then in command at Fort Sumter, to secure 
accurate information as to the situation there. 
In May, 1861, he obtained authority to raise a 
regiment, of which he was commissioned Colonel, 
remaining in the field to December, when he 
returned to the discharge of his duties as Marshal 
at Washington, but was absent from Washington 
on the night of the assassination — April 14, 186,5. 
Resigning his office after this event, he entered 
into partnership for the practice of law with the 
late Jeremiah S. Black of Pennsylvania. Some 
years later he published the first volume of a pro- 
posed Life of Lincoln, using material which he 
obtained from Mr. Lincoln's Springfield partner. 
William H. Herndon, but the second volume was 
never issued. His death occurred at Martins- 



328 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



burg, W. Va., not far from his birthplace, Slay 
7, 1893. Colonel Lamon married a daughter of 
Judge Stephen T. Logan, of Springfield. 

LANARK, a city in Carroll County, 19 miles by 
rail southwest of Freeport, and 7 miles east of 
Mount Carroll The surrounding country is 
largely devoted to grain-growing, and Lanark 
has two elevators and is an important shipping- 
point. Manufacturing of various descriptions is 
carried on. The city has two banks (one Na- 
tional and one State), eight churches, a graded 
and high school, and a weekly newspaper. Popu- 
lation (1880), 1,198; (1890), l,"29o; (1900), 1,306. 

LANDES, Silas Z., ex-Congressman, was born 
in Augusta County, Va., May 1-5, 1843. In early 
youth he removed to Illinois, and was admitted 
to the bar of this State in August, 1863, and has 
been in active practice at Mount Carmel since 
1864. In 1873 he was elected State's Attorney 
for Wabash County, was re-elected in 1876, and 
again in 1880. He represented the Sixteenth Illi- 
nois District in Congress from 188.J to 1889, being 
elected on the Democratic ticket. 

LANDRIGAX, John, farmer and legislator, was 
born in County Tipperary, Ireland, in 1832, and 
brought to America at one year of age, his 
parents stopping for a time in New Jersey. Ilis 
early life was spent at Lafayette, Ind. After 
completing his education in the seminary there, 
he engaged in railroad and canal contracting. 
Coming to Illinois in 18.58, he purchased a farm 
near Albion, Edwards Count}", where he has 
since resided. He has been twice elected as a 
Democrat to the House of Representatives (1868 
and '74) and twice to the State Senate (1870 
and '96), and has been, for over twenty years, 
a member of the State Agricultural Society— 
for four years of that time being President 
of the Board, and some sixteen years Vice-Presi- 
dent. 

LANE, Albert Orannis, educator, was born in 
Cook County, 111., March 15, 1841, and educated 
in the public schools, graduating with the first 
class from the Chicago High School in 1858. He 
immediately entered upon the business of teach- 
ing as Principal, but, in 1869, was elected Super- 
intendent of Schools for Cook County. After 
three years' service as cashier of a bank, he was 
elected County Superintendent, a second time, in 
1877, and regularly every four years thereafter 
until 1890. In 1891 he was chosen Superintend- 
ent of Schools for the city of Chicago, to fill the 
vacancy caused by the resignation of Superin- 
tendent Howland — a position which he continued 
to fill until the appointment of E. B. Andrews, 



Superintendent, when he became First Assistant 
Superintendent. 

LA>'E, Edward, ex-Congressman, was born in 
Cleveland. Ohio, March 27, 1842, and became a 
resident of Illinois at the age of 16. After receiv- 
ing an academic education he studied law and 
was admitted to the Illinois bar in February, 
1865. Since then he has been a successful prac- 
titioner at Hillsboro. From 1869 to 1873 he served 
as County Judge. In 1886 he was the successful 
Democratic candidate for Congress from the 
Seventeenth Illinois District and re-elected for 
three successive terms, but was defeated by 
Frederick Remann (Republican) in 1894, and 
again by W. F. L. Hadley, at a special election, in 
1895, to fill the vacancy caused by the death of 
Mr. Remann. 

LANPHIER, Charles H., journalist, was born 
at Alexandria, Va., April 14, 1820; from 4 years 
of age lived in Washington City ; in 18:J6 entered 
the office as an apprentice of "The State Regis- 
ter" at Vandalia, 111., (then owned by his brother- 
in-law, William Walters). Later, the paper was 
removed to Springfield, and Walters, having 
enlisted for the Mexican war in 1846. died at St. 
Louis, en route to the field. Lanphier, having 
thus succeeded to the management, and, finally, 
to the proprietorship of the paper, was elected 
public printer at the next session of the Legisla- 
ture, and, in 1847, took into partnership George 
Walker, who acted as editor until 1858. Mr. Lan- 
phier continued the publication of the paper until 
1863, and then sold out. During the war he 
was one of the State Board of Army Auditors 
appointed by Governor Yates ; was elected 
Circuit Clerk in 1864 and re-elected in 1868, 
and, in 1872, was Democratic candidate for 
County Treasurer but defeated with the rest of 
his party. 

LARCOM, Lucy, author and teacher, born at 
Beverly, Mass., in 1826; attended a grammar 
school and worked in a cotton mill at Lowell, 
becoming one of the most popular contributors to 
"The Lowell Offering," a magazine conducted by 
the factory girls, thereby winning the acquaint- 
ance and friendship of the poet Whittier, In 
1846 she came to Illinois and. for three years, was 
a student at Monticello Female Seminary, near 
Alton, meanwhile teaching at intervals in the 
\ 'cinity. Returning to Massachusetts she taught 
for six years; in 18(j5 established "Our Young 
Folks, " of which she was editor until 1874. Her 
books, both poetical and prose, have taken a 
high rank for their elevated literary and moral 
tone. Died, in Boston, April 17, 1893. 



HISTOEICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



329 



LARNED, Edward Channing, lawyer, was born 
in I'roviileiiee, K. 1., July 14, l^'iO; graduated at 
Uruwn Universitj' in 1840; was Professor of Mathe- 
matics one year in Kemper College, Wis., then 
studied law and, in 1S47, came to Chicago. He 
was an earnest opponent of slavery and gained 
considerable deserved celebrity by a speech 
which he delivered in 1851, in opposition to the 
fugitive slave law. He was a warm friend of 
Abraham Lincoln and, in 18G0, made speeches in 
his support ; was an active member of the Union 
Defense Committee of Chicago during the war, 
and, in 1861, was appointed by Mr. Lincoln 
United States District Attorney of the Northern 
District of Illinois, but compelled to resign by 
failing health. Being absent in Europe at the 
time of the fire of 1871, he returned immediately 
and devoted his attention to the work of the 
Relief and Aid Society. Making a second visit to 
Europe in 1872-73, he wrote many letters for the 
press, also doing much otlier literary work in 
spite of declining health. Died at Lake Forest, 
ni., September, 1884. 

L.\ SALLE, a city in La Salle County, 99 miles 
southwest of Chicago, situated on the Illinois 
River at southern terminus of the Illinois & 
Michigan Canal, and at intersection of three 
trunk lines of railroads. Bituminous coal 
abounds and is extensively mined ; zinc smelting 
and the manufacture of glass and hydraulic and 
Portland cement are leading industries: also has 
a targe ice trade with the South annually. It is 
connected with ad.iacent towns by electric rail- 
ways, and with Peoria by daily river packets. 
Population (1890), 9,855; (1900), io,446. 

LA SALLE, Reni Robert Cavelier, Sieur de, 
a famous e.xplorer, born at Rouen, France, in 
104;5; entered the Jesuit order, but conceiving 
that he had mistaken liis vocation, came to 
America in 1G6G. He obtained a grant of land 
about the Lachine Rapids of the St. Lawrence, 
above Montreal. It was jirobably his intention 
to settle there as a grand seigneur ; but, becoming 
interested in stories told him by some Seneca 
Indians, he started two years later in quest of a 
great waterway, which ho believed led to the 
South Sea (Pacific Ocean) and afforded a short 
route to China. He passed through Lake Ontario, 
and is believed to have discovered the Ohio. The 
claim that he readied the Illinois River at this 
time has been questioned. Having revisited 
France in 1677 he was given a patent of nobility 
and extensive land-grants in Canada. In 1679 he 
visited the Northwest and explored the great 
lakes, finally reaching the head of Lake Michi- 



gan and erecting a fort near the mouth of the St. 
Joseph River. From there ho made a portage to 
the Illinois, which he descended early in 1680 to 
Lake I'eoria, where he began the erection of a 
fort to which, in consequence of the misfortunes 
attending the expedition, was given the name of 
Creve-Coeur. Returning from here to Canada for 
supplies, in the following fall he again appeared 
in Illinois, but found his fort at Lake Peoria a 
ruin and his followers, whom he had left there, 
gone. Compelled again to return to Canada, in 
the latter [lart of 1681 he set out on his third 
expedition to Illinois, and making the portage by 
way of the Chicago and Des Plaines Rivers, 
reached "Starved Rock," near the present city of 
Ottawa, where his lieutenant, Tonty, had already 
begun the erection of a fort. In 1683, accom- 
panied by Tonty, he descended the Illinois and 
Mississippi Rivers, reaching the Gulf of Mexico on 
April 9. He gave the region the name of Louisi- 
ana. In 168.'? he again returned to France and 
was commissioned to found a colony at the mouth 
of the Jlissi.ssippi, which he unsuccessfully 
attempted to do in 1684, the expedition finally 
landing about Matagorda Bay in Texas. After 
other fruitless attempts (death and desertions 
having seriously reduced the number of his colo- 
ni.sts). while attempting to reach Canada, he was 
murdered by his companions near Trinity River 
in the present State of Texas, March 19, 1687. 
Another theory regarding La Salle's ill-starred 
Texas expedition is, that he intended to establish 
a colony west of the Mississippi, with a view to 
contesting with the Spaniards for the possession 
of that region, but that the French government 
failed to give him the support which had been 
promi.sed, leaving him to his fate. 

LA SALLE COUMV, one of the wealthiest 
counties in the northeastern section, being second 
in size and in population in the State It was 
organized in 1831, and has an area of 1,152 square 
miles; population (1900), 87,776. The history of 
this region dates back to 1675, when Marquette 
established a mission at an Jndian village on the 
Illinois River about where Utica now stands, 
eight miles west of Ottawa. La Salle (for whom 
the county is named) erected a fort here in 1682, 
which was. for many years, the headquarters for 
French missionaries and traders. Later, the 
Illinois Indians were well-nigh exterminated 
by starvation, at the same point, which has be- 
come famous in Western historj- as "Starved 
Rock." The surface of the county is undulat- 
ing and slojies toward the Illinois River. The 
soil is rich, and timber abounds on the bluffs and 



330 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



along the streams. Water is easily procured. 
Four beds of coal underlie the entire county, and 
good building stone is quarried at a depth of 150 
to 200 feet. Excellent hydraulic cement is made 
from the calciferous deposit, Utica being espe- 
cially noted for this industry. The First Ameri- 
can settlers came about the time of Captain Long's 
survey of a canal route (1816). The lUinois & 
Michigan Canal was located by a joint corps of 
State and National engineers in 1830. (See Illi- 
nois &• Michigau Canal.) During the Black 
Hawk War. La Salle County was a prominent 
base of military operations. 

LATHROP, William, lawyer and Congress- 
man, was born in Genesee County, N. Y., April 
17, 1825. His early education was acquired in 
the common schools. Later he read law and was 
admitted to the bar, commencing practice in 
1851, making his home in Central New York until 
his removal to Illinois. In 1856 he represented 
the Rockford District in the lower house of the 
General Assembly, and, in 1876, was elected, as a 
Republican, to represent the (then) Fourth Illi- 
nois District in Congress. 

LA VANTUM, the name given, in the latter 
part of the seventeenth century, to the principal 
village of the Illinois Indians, situated on the 
Illinois River, near the present town of Utica, in 
La Salle County. (See Starved Roek.) 

LAWLER, Frank, was born at Rochester, 
N. Y., June 25, 1842, His first active occupation 
was as a news-agent on railroads, which business 
he followed for three years. He learned the 
trade of a shipcalker, and was elected to the 
Presidency of the Ship-Carpenters' and Ship- 
Calkers' Association. While yet a young man he 
settled in Chicago and, in 1869, was appointed to 
a clerical position in the postoffice in that city ; 
later, served as a letter-carrier, and as a member 
of the City Council (1876-84). In 1884 he was 
elected to Congress from the Second District, 
which he represented in that body for three suc- 
cessive terms. While serving his last year in 
Congress (1890) he was an vmsuccessful candidate 
on the Democratic ticket for Slieriflf of Cook 
County; in 1893 was an unsuccessful applicant 
for the Chicago postmastership, was defeated as 
an Independent-Democrat for Congress in 1894, 
but, in 1895, was elected Alderman for the Nine- 
teenth Ward of the city of Chicago. Died, Jan. 
17, 1896. 

LAWLER, (Gen.) Micliael K., soldier, was 
born m County Kildare, Ireland, Nov. 16, 1814, 
brought to the United States in 1816, and, in 1819, 
to Gallatin County, 111., where his father began 



farming. The younger Lawler early evinced a 
military taste by organizing a military company 
in 1842, of which he served as Captain three or 
four years. In 1846 he organized a company for the 
Mexican War, which was attached to the Third 
Regiment Illinois Volunteers (Colonel Forman's), 
and, at the end of its term of enlistment, raised 
a company of cavalry, with which he served 
to the end of the war — in all, seeing two and 
a half years' service. He then resumed the 
peaceful life of a farmer; but, on the breaking 
out of the rebellion, again gave proof of his patri- 
otism by recruiting the Eighteenth Illinois Volun- 
teer Infantry — the first regiment organized in 
the Eigliteenth Congressional District — of which 
he was commissioned Colonel, entering into the 
three years' service in May, 1861. His regiment 
took part in most of the early engagements in 
Western Kentucky and Tennessee, including the 
capture of Fort Donelson, where it lost heavily, 
Colonel Lawler himself' being severely wounded. 
Later, he was in command, for some time, at 
Jackson, Tenn., and, in November, 1862, was com- 
missioned Brigadier-General "for gallant and 
meritorious service." He was also an active 
participant in the operations against Vicksburg. 
and was thanked on the field by General Grant 
for liis service at the battle of Big Black, pro- 
nounced by Charles A. Dana (then Assistant 
Secretary of War) "one of the most splendid 
exploits of the war. " After the fall of Vicksburg 
he took part in t lie siege of Jackson, Miss., and 
in the campaigns on the Teche and Red River, and 
in Texas, also being in command, for six months, 
at Baton Rouge, La. In March, 1865, he was 
brevetted Major-General, and mustered out, 
January, 1866, after a service of four years and 
seven months. He then returned to his Gallatin 
County farm, where he died. July 26, 1882. 

LAWLER, Tliomas G., soldier and Com- 
mander-in-Chief of the Grand Army of the 
Republic, was born in Liverpool, Eng., April 
7, 1844; was brought to Illinois by his parents 
in childhood, and, at IT j-ears of age, enlisted 
in the Nineteenth Illinois Volunteers, serv- 
ing first as a private, then as Sergeant, later 
being elected First Lieutenant, and (although 
not mustered in, for two months) during the 
Atlanta campaign being in command of his com- 
pany, and placed on the roll of honor by order of 
General Rosecrans. He participated in every 
battle in which his regiment was engaged, and. 
at the battle of Missionary Ridge, was the first 
man of his command over the enemy's works. 
.\fter the war he became prominent as an officer 



HISTOKKAL EXCVrLOPKDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



331 



of the Illinois National Guard, organizing the 
Rockford RiHes, in 1ST6, and serving as Colonel of 
the Thiril Regiment for seven j'ears; was ap- 
pointed Postmaster at Rockford by President 
Hayes, but removed by Cleveland in 1885; re- 
appointed by Harrison and again displaced on the 
acce.ssion of Cleveland. He was one of the 
organizers of G. L. Nevius Post. G. A. R., of 
which he served as Commander twenty-six years; 
in 1882 was elected Department Commander for 
the State of Illinois and, in 1894, Commander-in- 
Chief, serving one year. 

L.4.WREXCE, Charles B., jurist, was born at 
Vergennes, Vt., Dec. 17, 1820. After two years 
spent at Middlebury College, he entered the 
junior class at Union College, graduating from 
the latter in 1811. He devoted two years to 
teaching in .\laliama, and began reading law at 
Cincinnati in 1843, completing his studies at St. 
Louis, where he was admitted to the bar and 
began practice in 1844. The following year he 
removed to Quincy, 111., where he was a promi- 
nent practitioner for ten years. The years 
1806-58 he spent in foreign travel, with the pri- 
mary object of restoring his impaired health. On 
his return homo he began farming in Warren 
County, with the .same end in view. In 1861 he 
accepted a iiominatit)n to the Circuit Court bench 
and was elected without opposition. Before the 
expiration of his term, in 1804, he was elected a 
Justice of the Illinois Supreme Court for the 
Northern Grand Division, and, in 1870, became 
Chief Justice. At this time his home was at 
Galesburg. Failing of a re-election in 1873, he 
removed to Chicago, and at once became one of 
the leaders of the Cook County bar. Although 
persistently urged by personal and political 
friends, to permit his name to be used in connec- 
tion with a vacancj- on the bench of the United 
States Supreme Court, he stead fastlj' declined. 
In 1877 he received the votes of the Republicans 
in the State Legislature for United States Senator 
against David Davis, who was elected. Died, at 
Decatur. Ala.. April 0. 1883. 

L.VWREXCE COUNTY, one of the eastern 
counties in the "southern tier," originally a ])art 
of Edwards, but separated from the latter in 
1821, and named for Commodore Lawrence. In 
1900 its area was HOO square miles, and its popu- 
lation. 16.523. The first English speuking settlers 
seem to have emigrated from the colony at Vin- 
cennes, Ind. St. Francisville, in the southeast- 
em portion, and .\llison prairie, in the northeast, 
were favored by the .\merican pioneers. Settle- 
ment was more or less desultory until after the 



War of 1812. Game was abundant and the soil 
productive. About a dozen negro families found 
homes, in 1819, near Lawrenceville, and a Shaker 
colony was established about Charlottesville the 
same year. Among the best remembered pio- 
neers are the families of Lautermann, Chubb. 
Kincaid, Buchanan and Laus — the latter having 
come from South Carolina. Toussaint Dubois, 
a Frenchman and father of Jesse K. Dulxjis, State 
-Vuditor (18.")7-64), was a large land proprietor at 
an early day, and his house was first utilized as a 
court house. The county is richer in historic 
associations than in populous towns. Lawrence- 
ville. the county-seat, was credited with 865 
inhabitants by the census of 1890. St. Francis- 
ville and Sumner are flourishing towns. 

LAWRE.VCEVILLE, the county-seat of Law- 
rence County, is situated on the Embarras River, 
at the intersection of the Baltimore & Ohio 
Southwestern and the Cleveland, Cincinnati, 
Chicago & St. Louis Railways, 9 miles west of 
Vincennes, Ind., and 139 miles east of St. Louis. 
It has a t!ourthouse, four cburches, a graded 
school and two weekly newspapers. Population 
(1890), 865; (1900). 1,300; (1903, est.), 1,600. 

L.VWSOX, Victor P., journalist and newspaper 
pro])rietor. was born in Ciiieago, of Scamlinavian 
parentage. Sept 9, 18.50. .Vfter graduating at the 
Chic.'igo High School, he prosecuted his studies 
at Phillips Academy, Andover. Mass.. and at 
Harvard University. In August, 1876. he pur- 
chased an interest in "The Chicago Daily News." 
being for some time a partner of Melville E. 
Stone, but became sole proprietor in 1888, pub- 
lishing morning and evening editions. He 
reduced the price of the morning edition to one 
cent, and changed its name to "The Chicago 
Record." He has alwaj's taken a deep interest 
in the cause of popular e<lucation, and, in 1888, 
established a fund to provide for the distribution 
of medals among public school children of Chi- 
cago, the award to be made upon the basis of 
comiKirative excellence in the preparati<m of 
essays upon topics connected with .Vmerican 
history. 

LEB.VNOX, a city in ,St. Clair County, situated 
on Silver Creek, and on the Baltimore & Ohio 
Southwestern liiiilroad, 11 mile.s northeast of 
Belleville and 24 miles east of St. Louis; is lo- 
cated in an agricultural and coal-mining region. 
Its manufacturing interests are limited, a flour- 
ing mill being the chief industry of this charac- 
ter. The city has electric light* and electric 
trolley line connecting with Belleville and St. 
Louis; also has a bank, eight churches, two 



332 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



newspapers and is an important educational cen- 
ter, being the seat of McKendvee College, founded 
in 1838. Population (1890), 1,636; (1900), 1,812. 

LEE COUNTY, one of the third tier of counties 
south of the Wisconsin State line; named for 
Richard Henry Lee of Revolutionarj' fame : area, 
740 square miles; population (1900), 29,894. It 
was cut off from Ogle County, and separately 
organized in 1839. In 1840 the population was 
but little over 2,000. Charles F. Ingals, Nathan 
R. Whitney and James P. Dixon were the first 
County-Commissioners. Agriculture is the prin- 
cipal pursuit, although stone quarries are found 
here and there, notably at Ashton. The county- 
seat is Dixon, where, in 1828, one Ogee, a half- 
breed, built a cabin and established a ferry across 
the Rock River. In 1830, John Dixon, of New 
York, purchased Ogee's interest for SI, 800. Set- 
tlement and progress were greatly retarded by 
the Black Hawk War, but immigration fairly set 
in in 1838. The first court hou-se was built in 
1840, and the same year the United States Land 
Office was removed from Galena to Dixon, Colo., 
John Dement, an early pioneer, being appointed 
Receiver. Dixon was incorporated as a city in 
1859. and. in 1900, had a population of 7.917. 

LEGISLATIVE APPORTIONMENT. (See 
Apportionment. Legislative. ) 

LEGISLATURE. (See General Assemblies.) 

LELAND, a village of La Salle County, on the 
Chicago, Burlington & Quincy Railway, 29 miles 
southwest of Aurora. Population (1900), 634. 

LELAND, Edwin S., lawyer and Judge, was 
born at Dennysville, Me., August 28, 1812, and 
admitted to the bar at Dedham, Mass., in 18.34. 
In 183.5 he removed to Ottawa, 111., and, in 1839, 
to Oregon, Ogle County, where he practiced for 
four years. Returning to Ottawa in 1843, he 
rapidly rose in his profession, until, in 1852, he 
was elected to the Circuit Court bench to fill the 
unexpired term of Judge T. Lyle Dickey, who 
had resigned. In 1866 Governor Oglesby ap- 
pointed him Circuit Judge to fill the unexpired 
term of Judge Hollister. He was elected by 
popular vote in 1867, and reelected in 1873, being 
assigned to the Appellate Court of the Second 
District in 1877. He was prominently identified 
with the genesis of the Republican party, %vhose 
tenets he zealously championed. He was also 
prominent in local affairs, having been elected 
the first Republican Mayor of Ottawa (1856), 
President of the Board of Education and County 
Treasurer. Died, June, 24, 1889. 

LEMEN, James, Sr., pioneer, was born in Berk- 
eley County, Va., Nov. 20, 1760; served as a soldier 



ia tlie War of the Revolution, being present at 
the surrender of Cornwallis at Yorktown in 1781; 
in 1786 came to Illinois, settling at the village of 
New Design, near the present site of Waterloo, in 
Monroe County. He was a man of enterprise 
and sterling integrity, and ultimately became the 
head of one of the most prominent and influential 
families in Southern Illinois. He is said to have 
been the first person admitted to the Baptist 
Church by immersion in Illinois, finally becoming 
a minister of that denomination. Of a family of 
eight children, four of his sons became ministers. 
Mr. Lemen's prominence was indicated by the 
fact that he was approached by Aaron Burr, with 
offers of large rewards for his influence in found- 
ing that ambitious schemer's projected South- 
western Empire, but the proposals were 
indignantly rejected and the scheme denounced. 
Died, at Waterloo, Jan. 8, 1822.— Robert (Lemen), 
oldest son of the preceding, was born in Berkeley 
County, Va., Sept. 25, 1783; came with his father 
to Illinois, and, after his marriage, settled in St. 
Clair County. He held a commission as magis- 
trate and, for a time, was United States Marshal 
for Illinois under the administration of John 
Quincy Adams. Died in Ridge Prairie, St. Clair 
County, August 24, I860.— Rev. Joseph (Lemen), 
the second son, was born in Berkeley County, 
Va., Sept. 8, 1785, brought to Illinois in 1786, and, 
on reaching manhood, married Mary Kinney, a 
daughter of Rev. William Kinney, who after- 
wards became Lieutenant-Governor of the State. 
Joseph Lemen settled in Ridge Prairie, in the 
northern part of St. Clair County, and for many 
years supplied the pulpit of the Bethel Baptist 
church, which had been founded in 1809 on the 
principle of opposition to human slavery. His 
death occurred at his home, June 29, 1861. — Rev. 
James (Lemen), Jr., the third son, was born in 
Monroe County, 111., Oct. 8, 1787; early united 
with the Baptist Church and became a minister 
— assisting in the ordination of his father, whose 
sketch stands at the head of this article. He 
served as a Delegate from St. Clair County in the 
first State Constitutional Convention (1818), and as 
Senator in the Second, Fourth and Fifth General 
Assemblies. He also preached extensively in 
Illinois, Missouri, and Kentucky, and assisted in 
the organization of many churches, although his 
labors were chiefly within his own. Mr. Lemen 
was the second child of American parents born in 
Illinois — Enoch Moore being the first. Died, 
Feb. 8, 1870.— William (Lemen), the fourth son, 
born in Monroe County, 111., in 1791; served as a 
soldier in the Black Hawk War. Died in Monroe 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



333 



County, in 1857. — Rev. Josiah (Lemen), the 
fifth son, born in Monroe County, 111., August 15, 
1794; was a Baptist preacher. Died near I)u- 
quoin, July 11, 1807. — Kev. Moses (Lemen), the 
sixth son, horn in Monroe County, 111., in 1797; 
became a Baptist minister early in life, served as 
Representative in the Sixth General Assembly 
(1828-30) for Monroe County. Died, in Montgom- 
ery County, 111., March 5, 1859. 

LE.MOXT, a city in Cook County. 25 miles 
soutliwest of Chicago, on the Des Plaines River 
and the Chicago & Alton Railroad. A thick 
vein of Silurian limestone (Athens marble) is 
extensively quarried here, constituting the chief 
industry. Owing to the number of industrial 
enterprisas. Lemont is at times the temporary 
home of a large number of workmen. The city 
has a bank, electric lights, six churches, two 
papers, five public and four private schools, one 
business college, aluminum and concrete works. 
Population of the township (1890), 5,.539; (1900), 
4.441. 

LE MOYXE, John V., ei-Congressman, was 
born in Washington County, Pa., in 1828, and 
graduated from Wasliington College, Pa., in 
1847. He studied law at Pittsburg, where he was 
admitted to the bar in 1852. He at once removed 
to Chicago, where he continued a permanent 
resident and active practitioner. In 1872 he was 
a candidate for Congress on the Liberal Repub- 
lican ticket, but was defeated by Charles B. Far- 
well, Republican. In 1874 he was again a 
candidate against Mr. Farwell. Both claimed 
the election, and a contest ensued which was 
decided by the House in favor of Mr. Le Moyne. 

LENA, a village in Stephenson County, on the 
Illinois Central Railroad. 13 miles northwest of 
Freeport and 38 miles east of Galena. It is in a 
farming and dairying district, but has some 
manufactures, the making of caskets being tlie 
principal imlu.stry in this line. There are six 
chiirclips, two nanks, and two newspapers. Pop- 
ulation (1890), 1.270; (1900), 1.2.52. 

LEOXARI), Edward F., Railway President, 
was iKirn in Connecticut in ISUG; graduated from 
Union College. N. Y., was admitted to the bar 
and came to Springfield, 111., in 1858: served for 
several years as clerk in the office of the State 
Auditor, was afterwards connected with the con- 
struction of the "St. Louis Short Line" (now a 
part of the Illinois Central Railway), and was 
private secretary of Governor CuUom during his 
first term. For several years ho has been Presi- 
dent of the Toledo, Peoria & Western Railroad, 
with headquarters at Peoria. 



LEROY, a city in McLean County, 15 miles 
southwest of Bloomington; has two banks, sev- 
eral churches, a graded school an<l a plow factory. 
Two weekly papers are published there. Popu- 
lation (1880). 1,008; (1890), 1,2.J8; (1900), 1,029. 

LEVEKETT, Washington and Warren, edu- 
cators and twin-brothers, wliosc careers were 
strikingly similar; born at Brookline, Mass., Dec. 
19. 1805, and pas.sed their boyhood on a farm; in 
1827 began a preparatory course of study under 
an elder brother at Roxbury. JIass., entered 
Brown University as freshmen, the next year, and 
graduated in 1832. Warren, being in bad health, 
spent the following winter in South Carolina, 
afterwards engaging in teaching, for a time, and 
in study in Newton Theological Seminary, while 
Washington served as tutor two years in his 
Alma Mater and in Columbian College in Wash- 
ington, D. C, then took a course at Newton, 
graduating there in 1836. The same year he 
accepted the chair of Mathematics in ShurtleflE 
College at Upper Alton, remaining, with slight 
interruption, until 1808. Warren, after suffering 
from liemorrhage of the lungs, came west in the 
fall of 1837, and, after teaching for a few months 
at Greenville, Bond County, in 1839 joined his 
brother at Shurtleff College as Principal of the 
preparatory department, subsequently being 
advanced to the chair of Ancient Languages, 
which he continued to occupj- until June, 1868, 
when he retired in the same year with his brother. 
After resigning he established himself in the book 
business, which was continued until his death, 
Nov. 8. 1872. Waslungton, the surviving brother, 
continued to be a member of the Board of Trus- 
tees of Shurtleff College, and to discharge the 
duties of Librarian and Treasurer of the institu- 
tion. Died, Dec. 13, 1889. 

LEWIS INSTITUTE, an educational institu- 
tion based upon a bequest of Allen C. Lewis, in 
the city of Chicago, established in 1895. It main- 
tains departments in law, the classics, prepara- 
tory studies and manual training, and owns 
property valued at .51,600,000. with funds and 
endowment amounting to .$1,100,000. No re]X)rt 
is made of the number of pupils. 

LEWIS, John H,, ex-Congressman, was born 
in Tompkins County, N. Y., July 21, 1830. 
When six years old he accompanied his parents 
to Knox County, 111., where he attended the 
public schools, read law, and was admitted to the 
bar in 1860. The same year he was elected Clerk 
of the Circuit Court of Knox County. In 1874 he 
was elected to the lower house of the General 
Assembly, and, in 1880, was the successful Repub- 



334 



HISTOKICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



lican candidate for Congress from the old Ninth 
District. In 1882, he was a candidate for re- 
election from the same district (then the Tenth), 
but was defeated by Nicholas E. Worthington, 
his Democratic opponent. 

LEWISTOWN, the county-seat of Fulton 
County, located on two lines of railway, fifty 
miles southwest of Peoria and sixty miles north- 
west of Springfield. It contains flour and saw- 
mills, carriage and wagon, can-making, 
duplex-scales and evener factories, six churches 
and four newspapers, one issuing a daily edition; 
also excellent public schools. Population (1880). 
1.771; (1890), 2,166; (1900), 2,504, 

LEXIXGTOX, a city in McLean County, on the 
Chicasjo & Alton Railroad, 110 miles south of 
Chicago and 16 miles northeast of Bloomington. 
The surrounding region is agricultural and stock- 
raising, and the town has a flourishing trade in 
horses and other live-stock. Tile is manufac- 
tured here, and the town has two banks, five 
cliurches, a high school and two weekly news- 
papers. Population (1890), 1,187; (1900), 1,415. 

LIBERTTVILLE, a village of Lake County, on 
the main line of the Chicago & Madison Division 
of the Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul Railway, 
35 miles north-northwest of Chicago. Tlie region 
is agricultural. The town has some manufac- 
tures, two banks and a weekly paper. Popula- 
tion (1890), .WO; (1900), 864. 

LIBRARIES. (Statistical. )— A report of the 
Commissioner of Education for 1895-96, on the 
subject of "Public, Society and School Libraries 
in the United States," presents some approximate 
statistics of libraries in the several States, based 
upon the reports of librarians, so far as they 
could be obtained in reply to inquiries sent out 
from the Bureau of Education in Washington. 
As shown by the statistical tables embodied in 
this report, there were 348 libraries in Illinois 
reporting 300 volumes and over, of which 134 
belonged to the smallest class noted. or those con- 
taining less than 1,000 volumes. The remaining 
214 were divided into the following classes: 

Containing 300, 000 and less than 500,000 volumes 1 

100,000 " " 300,000 " 2 

50.000 " " 100,000 " 1 

25,000 " " 50,000 " 5 

10.000 " " 25,000 " 27 

5,000 " " 10,000 " 34 

1,000 " " 5,000 " 144 

A general classification of libraries of 1,000 
volumes and over, as to character, divides them 
into, General, 91 ; Scliool, 36 ; College, 42 ; College 
Society, 7 ; Law, 3 ; Theological, 7 ; State. 2 ; Asy- 



lum and Reformatory, 4; Young Men's Christian 
Association, 2; Scientific, 6; Historical, 3; Soci- 
ety, 8; Medical, Odd Fellows and Social. 1 each. 
The total number of volumes belonging to the 
class of 1.000 volumes and over was 1.822.580 with 
447,168 pamphlets; and, of the class between 300 
and 1 , 000 volumes, 66, 992 — making a grand total of 
1,889,572 volumes. The library belonging to the 
largest (or 300,000) class, is that of the University 
of Chicago, reporting 305,000 volumes, with 
180,000 pamphlets, while the Chicago Public 
Library and tlie Newberry Library belong to the 
second class, reporting, respectively, 217,065 vol- 
umes with 42,000 pamphlets, and 135,244 volumes 
and 35,654 pamphlets. (The report of the Chi- 
cago Public Library for 1898 shows a total, for 
tliat year, of 235,385 volumes and 44,069 pam- 
phlets. ) 

As to sources of support or method of adminis- 
tration, 42 of the class reporting 1,000 volumes 
and over, are supported by taxation ; 27, by appro- 
priations by State, County or City; 20, from 
endowment funds ; 54, from membership fees and 
dues; 16, from book-rents; 26, from donations, 
leaving 53 to be supported from sources not 
stated. The total income of 131 reporting on this 
subject is §787,262; the aggregate endowment 
of 17 of this class is $2,283,197, and the value of 
buildings belonging to 36 is estimated at §2,981,- 
575. Of the 214 libraries reporting 1,000 volumes 
and over. 88 are free. 28 are reference, and 158 
are both circulating and reference. 

The free public libraries in the State containing 
3.000 volumes and over, in 1896, amounted to 39. 
The following list includes those of this class con- 
taining 10,000 volumes and over: 

Chicago, Public Library . . (1896) 217,065 

Peoria, " " 57,604 

Springfield, " " 28,639 

Rockford. " " 28,000 

Quincy, " " and Reading Room 19,400 

Galesburg " " 18,4ti9 

Elgin, Gail Bordeu Public Library . . 17,000 

Bloomington, Withers " " " . . . 16.068 

Evanston, Free " " ... 15,515 

Decatur, " " " ... 14,766 

Belleville, " " ... 14,511 

Aurora, " " ... 14,850 

Rock Island, " " ... 12,634 

Joliet, " " ... 22,325 

The John Crerar Library (a scientific reference 
library) — established in the City of Chicago in 
1894, on the basis of a bequest of the late John 
Crerar, estimated as amounting to fully §3,000,- 
000 — is rapidly adding to its resources, having, 
in tlie four years of its history, acquired over 
40,000 volumes. With its princely endowment, 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



335 



it is destined, in the course of a few years, to be 
reckoned one of the leading libraries of its class 
in the United States, as it is one of the most 
modern and carefully selected. 

The Newberry and Chicago Historical Society 
Libraries fill an important place for reference pur- 
poses, especially on historical subjects. A tardy 
beginning h;is been made in building up a State 
Historical Library in Springfield ; but, owing to 
the indilference of the Legislature and the meager 
support it has received, the State which was. for 
nearly a hundred j'ears, the theater of the most 
important events in the development of the Mi.';- 
sissippi Valley, has, as j-et, scarcely accomplished 
anything worthy of its name in collecting and 
preserving the records of its own history. 

In point of historical origin, next to the Illinois 
State Library, which dates from the admission 
of the State into the Union in 1818, the oldest 
librarj' in the State is that of the JlcCormick 
Theological Seminary, which is set down as hav- 
ing had its origin in 1825, though this occurred 
in another State. The early State College Li- 
braries follow next in chronological order: Shurt- 
leff College, at Upper Alton. 1827 ; Illinois College, 
at Jacksonville, 1829; McKendree College, at 
Lebanon, 1834; Rockford College, 1849; Lombard 
Universitj', at Galesburg, 18.52. In most cases, 
however, these are simplj' the dates of the estab- 
lislunent of the institution, or the period at which 
instruction began to be given in the school wliich 
finally developed into the college. 

The scliool library is constantly becoming a 
more important factor in the liberal education of 
the youth of the State. Adding to this the "Illi- 
nois Pupils' Reading Circle." organized by the 
State Teachers' Association some ten years ago, 
but still in the experimental stage, and the sys- 
tem of "traveling libraries," set on foot at a later 
period, there is a constant tendency to enlarge 
the range of popular reading and bring the public 
librarj-, in some of its various forms, witliin the 
reach of a larger class. 

TuF. Fhke Public Librauy L.\w of Illinois. 
— The following history and analysis of the Free 
Public Library Law of Illinois is contributed, for 
the "Historical Encyclopedia," by E. S. AVillcox, 
Librarian of the Peoria Public Library : 

The Library Law pjvssed by the Legislature 
of Illinois in 1872 %vas the first broadly planned, 
comprehensive and complete Free Public Li- 
brary Law placed on the statute book of any 
State in the Union. It is true. New Hamp- 
shire, in 1849, and Massachusetts, in 1851. 
had taken steps in this direction, with three or 
four brief sections of laws, permissive in their 



character rather than directive, but lacking the 
vitalizing qualities of our Ilhncis law. in that 
they provided no sufficiently .si)ecific working 
method — no sailing directions — for starting and 
administering such free public libraries. They 
seem to have had no influence on subseciuent 
library legislation, while, to quote tlie language 
of Mr. Fletcher in his "Public Libraries in 
America." "the wisdom of the Illinois law, in this 
reg-anl. is probably the reason why it has been so 
widely copied in other States." 

By this law of 1872 Illinois placed herself at the 
head of her sister States in encouraging the 
spread of general intelligence among the people; 
but it is al.so a record to be equally prouii of. that, 
within less than five years after her admis.sion to 
the Union. Dec. 3. 1818— tliat is. at the first ses- 
sion of her Third General Assembly — a general 
Act was passed and approved. Jan. 31. 1823, 
entitled ; "An act to incorporate such persons as 
maj- associate for the purpose of procuring and 
erecting public libraries in this State," with the 
following preamble- 

•'Whereas, a disposition for Improvement In useful 
knowledge has manifested itself In various parts of this 
State, by associating for proourinj; and erectiiiK public 
libraries; and, whereas, it is of tlio utmost importance to 
the public that the sources of information should he multi- 
plied, and institutions for tliat jiurpose encouraged and pro- 
moted; Sec. 1. Bo it enacted," etc. 

Tlien follow ten sections, covering five and a 
half pages of the published laws of that session, 
giving explicit directions as to the organizing 
and maintaining of such Associations, with pro- 
visions as enlightened and liberal as we could ask 
for to-day. The libraries contemplated in this act 
are, of course, subscription libraries, the only 
kind known at that time, free public libraries 
supported by taxation not having come into 
vogue in that early day. 

It is the one vivifying quality of tlie Illinois 
law of 1872, that it showed how to start a free 
public library, how to manage it when started 
and how to provide it with the necessary funds. 
It furnished a full and minute set of sailing 
directions for the ship it laimched, and, moreover, 
was not loaded down with useless limitations. 

With a few exceptions — notably the Boston 
Public Library, working under a special charter, 
and an occasional endowed library, like the Astor 
Library — all public libraries in those days were 
subscription libraries, like the great Mercantile 
Libraries of New York. St. Louis and Cincinnati, 
with dues of from S3 to §10 from each member 
per year. With dues at S4 a jear, our Peoria 
Mercantile Library, at its best, never had over 
28() members in any one year. Compare this with 
our present public membership of 6, .")()(), and it 
will be seen that some kind of a free public 
librarj- law was needed. That was the conclu- 
sion I, as one of the Directors of the Peoria Mer- 
cantile Librarj-, came to in 1869. We had tried 
every expedient for years, in the way of lecture 
coiu-ses. concerts, spelling matches, "Dnmimer 
Boy of Shiloh, " and l)egging. to increase our 
membership and revenue. So far. and no farther, 
seemed to be the rule with all subscription 
libraries. They did not reach the masses who 
needed them most. And, for this manifest rea- 



33(i 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



son: the necessary cost of annual dues stood in 
the way; the women and young people who 
wanted something to read, who thirsted for 
knowledge, and who are the principal patrons of 
the free public library to-da}-, did not hold the 
family purse-strings; while the men, who did 
hold the purse-strings, did not particularly care 
for books. 

It was my experience, derived as a Director in 
the Peoria Mercantile Library when it was still a 
small, struggling subscription librarj', that sug- 
gested the need of a State law authorizing cities 
and towns to tax themselves for the support of 
public libraries, as they already did for the sup- 
port of public schools. When, in 18T0, I 
submitted the plan to some of my friends, they 
pronounced it Quixotic — the people would never 
consent to pay taxes for libraries. To which I 
replied, that, until sometime in the '50's, we 
had no free public schools in this State. 

I then drew up tlie form of a law, substantially 
as it now stanils; and, after submitting it to 
Justin Winsor, then of the Boston Public Li- 
brary; William F. Poole, then in Cincinnati, and 
William T. Harris, then in St. Louis, I placed it 
in the hands of my friend, Mr. Samuel Caldwell, 
in December, 1870, who took it with him to 
Springfield, promising to do what he could to get 
it through the Legislature, of which he was a 
member from Peoria. The bill was introduced 
by Mr. Caldwell, March 23, 1871, as House bill 
No. 563, and as House bill No. .563 it finally 
received the Governor's signature and became a 
law, March 7, 1872. 

The essential features of our Illinois law are : 

I. The jMiver of initiative in starting a free 
public library lies in the City Council, and not in 
an appeal to tlie voters of the city at a general 
election. 

It is a weak point in the English public libra- 
ries act that this initiative is left to the electors or 
voters of a city, and, in several London and pro- 
vincial districts, the proposed law has been 
repeatedly voted down by the very people it was 
most calculated to benei&t, from fear of a little 
extra taxation. 

//. The amonnt of tax to be levied is permissive, 
not mandatory. 

We can trust to the public spirit of our city 
authorities, supported by an intelligent public 
sentiment, to provide for the librarj- needs. A 
mandatory law, requiring the levying of a certain 
fixed percentage of the city's total assessment, 
might invite extravagance, as it has in several 
instances where a mandatory law is in force. 

III. Tlie Library Board has exclusive control of 
libra ry appropr iation s. 

This is t« be interpreted that Public Library 
Boards are separate and distinct departments of 
the city administration; and experience has 
shown that they are as capable and honest in 
handling money as School Boards or City 
Councils. 

IV. Library Boards consist of nine members to 
serve for three years. 

V. The members of the Board are appiointed by 
the Mayor, subject to the approval of the City 
Council, from the citizens at large with reference 
to their fitness for such office. 



VI. An annual report is to be made by the 
Board to the City Council, stating the condition 
of their trust on the first day of June of each 
year. 

This, with slight modifications adapting it to 
villages, towns and townships, is, in substance, 
the Free Public Library Law of Illinois. Under 
its beneficent operation flourishing free public 
libraries have been established in the principal 
cities and towns of our State — slowly, at first, 
but, of late years, more rapidly as their usefulness 
has beconie apparent. 

No argument is now needed to show the im- 
portance — the imperative necessity — of the widest 
possible diffusion of intelligence among the people 
of a free State. Knowledge and ignorance — the 
one means civilization, the other, barbarism. 
Give a man the taste for good books and the 
means of gratifying it, and you can hardly fail of 
making him a better, happier man and a wiser 
citizen. You place him in contact with the best 
society in every period of history ; you set before 
him nobler examples to imitate and safer paths 
to follow. 

We have no way of foretelling how many and 
how great benefits will accrue to society and the 
State, in the future, from the comparatively 
modern introduction of the free public library 
into our educational system ; but when some 
youthful Abraham Lincoln, poring over ^^ilsop's 
Fables, Weems' Life of Washington and a LTnited 
States History, by tlie flickering light of a pine- 
knot in a log-cabin, rises at length to be the hope 
and bulwark of a nation, then we learn what the 
world may owe to a taste for books. In the gen- 
eral spread of intelligence through our free 
schools, our free press and our free libraries, lies 
our only hope that our free American institutions 
shall not decay and perish from the earth. 

" Knowledge is the only good. Ignorance th« only evil." 
" Let knowledge grow from more to more. " 

LIEUTEXAST-GOTERXORS OF ILLIXOIS. 

The office of Lieutenant-Governor, created by the 
Constitution of 1818, has been retained in each of 
the subsequent Constitutions, being elective by 
the people at the same time with that of Gov- 
ernor. The following is a list of the Lieutenant- 
Governors of the State, from the date of its 
admission into the Union to the present time 
(1899), with the date and length of each incum- 
bent's term: Pierre Menard, 1818-22; Adolphus 
Frederick Hubbard, 1822-26; William Kinney, 
1826-30; Zadoc Casey, 1830-33; William Lee D. 
Ewing (succeeded to the office as President of the 
Senate), 1833-34; Alexander M. Jenkins, 1834-36; 
William H. Davidson (as President of the 
Senate), 1836-38; Stinson H. Anderson, 1838-42; 
John Moore, 1842-46; Joseph B. Wells, 1846-49; 
William McMurtry, 1849-53; Gustavus Koerner, 
1853-57; John Wood, 1857-60; Thomas A. Mar- 
shall (as President of the Senate), Jan. 7-14, 1861; 
Francis A. Hoffman, 1861-65; William Bross, 
1865-69; John Dougherty, 1869-73; John L. 



HISTORICAL EXCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



337 



Beveridge, Jan. 13-23, 1873; John Early (as 
President of the Senate), 1873-75; Archibald A. 
Glenn (as President of the Senate), 1875-77; 
Andrew Shuman, 1877-81 ; John M. Hamilton, 
1881-83; William J. Campbell (as President of 
the Senate), 1883-85; John C. Smith. 1885-89; 
Lyman B. Ray, 1889-93; Joseph B. Gill, 1893-97; 
William A. Northcott. 1897 — . 

LIMESTONE. Illinois ranks next to Pennsyl- 
vania in its output of limiwtone. the United 
States Census Report for IS'JO giving the number 
of quarries as 104, and the total value of the 
product as §2,190.604. In the value of stone used 
for building purposes Illinois far exceeds any 
other State, the greater proportion of the output 
in Pennsylvania being suitable only for flux. 
Next to its employment as building stone, Illinois 
limestone is chiefly used for street-work, a small 
percentage being used for flux, aiul still less for 
bridge-work, and but little for burning into lime. 
The quarries in this State employ 3,383 hands, and 
represent a capital of 53,310,616, in the latter par- 
ticular also ranking next to Pennsylvania. The 
quarries are found in various parts of the State, 
but the most productive and most valusl;;e are in 
the northern section. 

LINCOLN, an incorporated city, and county- 
seat of Logan County, at the intersection of tlie 
Chicago & Alton, the Champaign and Havana 
and the Peoria, Decatur and Evansville Divi- 
sions of the Illinois Central Riiilroad ; is 28 miles 
northeast of Springfield, and 157 miles southwest 
of Chicago. The surroundirtg country is devoted 
to agriculture, stock-raising and coal-mining. 
Considerable manufacturing is carried on, among 
the products being flour, brick and drain tile. 
The city has water-works. Are department, gas 
and electric lighting plant, telephone system, 
macliine shops, eighteen churches, good schools, 
three national banks, a public library, electric 
street railways, and several newspapers. Besides 
po.s.sessing good schools, it is the seat of Lincoln 
University (a Cumberland Presbyterian institu- 
tion, founded in 18t!5) The Odd Fellows' 
Orphans' Home and the Illinois (State) Asylum 
for Feeble-Minded Children are also located here. 
Population (1890), 0,725; (1900), 8,962; (1903, est.), 
12,(W0. 

LINCOLN, Abraham, sixteenth President of the 
United States, was born in Hardin County, Ky., 
Feb. 12, 1809, of Quaker-English descent, his 
grandfather having emigrated from Virginia to 
Kentucky about 1780, where he was killed by the 
Indians in 1784. Thomas Lincoln, the father of 
Abraham, settled in Indiana in 1816, and removed 



to Macon County in 1830. Abraham was the 
issue of his father's flrst marriage, bis mother's 
maiden name being Nancy Hanks. The early 
occupations of the future President were varied. 
He served at difl'erent times as farm-laborer, flat- 
boatman, country salesman, merchant, surveyor, 
lawyer. State legislator. Congressman and Presi- 
dent. In 1832 he enlisted for the Black Hawk 
War, and was chosen Captain of his company 
was an unsuccessful candidate for the Legislature 
the same year, but elected two years later 
About this time he turned his attention to the 
study of law, was admitted to the bar in 1836, 
and, one year later, began practice at Springfield. 
By successive re-elections he served in the House 
until 1842, when he declined a re-election. In 
1838, and again in 1840, he was the Whig candi- 
date for Speaker of the House, on both occasions 
being defeated by William L. D. Ewing. In 1841 
he was an applicant to President William Henry 
Harrison for the position of Commissioner of the 
General Land Office, the appointment going to 
Justin Butterfield. His next official position was 
that of Representative in the Thirtieth Congress 
(1847-49). From that time he gave his attention 
to his profession until 1855, when he was a lead- 
ing candidate for the United States Senate in 
opposition to the principles of the.Nebraska Bill, 
but failed of election, Lyman Trumbull being 
chosen. In 1856, he took a leading part in the 
organization of the Republican party at Bloom- 
ington, and, in 1858, was formally nominated by 
the Republican State Convention for the L'^nited 
States Senate, later engaging in a joint debate 
with Senator Douglas on party issues, during 
which they delivered speeches at seven diff'erent 
cities of the State. Although he again failed to 
secure the prize of an election, owing to the char- 
acter of the legislative apportionment then in 
force, which gave a majority of the Senators and 
Representatives to a Democratic minoritj' of the 
voters, his burning, incisive utterances on the 
subject of slavery attracted the attention of the 
whole country, and prepared the way for the 
future triumph of the Republican party. Previ- 
ous to this he had been four times (1840, '44. '52. 
and '56) on the ticket of his party as candidate 
for Presidential Elector. In 1860, he was the 
nominee of the Republican partj- for the Presi- 
dency and was chosen by a decisive majority in 
the Electoral College, though receiving a minor- 
ity of the aggregate popular vote. Unquestion- 
ably his candidacy was aided by internal 
dissensions in the Democratic party. His election 
and his inauguration (on March 4, 1861) were 



338 



HISTOKICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



made a pretext for secession, and lie met the 
issue with promptitude and firmness, tempered 
with kindness and moderation towards the se- 
cessionists. He was re-elected to the Presidency 
in 1864, the vote in the Electoral College standing 
312 for Lincoln to 21 for his opponent, Gen. 
George B. McClellan. The history of Mr. Lin- 
coln's life in the Presidential chair is the history 
of the whole country during its most dramatic 
period. Next to his success in restoring the 
authority of the Government over the whole 
Union, history will, no doubt, record his issuance 
of the Emancipation Proclamation of January, 
1863, as the most important and far-reaching act 
of his administration. And yet to this act, which 
has embalmed his memory in the hearts of the 
lovers of freedom and human justice in all ages 
and in all lands, the world over, is due his death 
at the hands of the assassin, J. Wilkes Booth, in 
Washington City, April 15, 1865, as the result of 
an assault made upon him in Ford's Theater the 
evening previous — his death occurring one week 
after the fall of Richmond and the surrender of 
Lee's army — just as peace, with the restoration of 
the Union, was assured. A period of National 
mourning ensued, and he was accorded the honor 
of a National funeral, his remains being finally 
laid to rest in a mausoleum in Springfield. His 
profound sympathy with every class of sufferers 
during the War of the Rebellion ; his forbearance 
in the treatment of enemies; his sagacity in 
giving direction to public sentiment at home and 
in dealing with international questions abroad; 
his courage in preparing the way for the removal 
of slavery — the bone of contention between the 
warring sections — have given him a place in the 
affections of the people beside that of Washington 
himself, and won for him the respect and admi- 
ration of all civilized nations. 

LINCOLN, Robert Todd, lawyer, member of 
the Cabinet and Foreign Minister, the son of 
Abraham Lincoln, was born in Springfield. 111.. 
August 1, 1843, and educated in the home schools 
and at Harvard University, graduating from the 
latter in 18G4. During the last few months of 
the Civil War, he served on the staff of General 
Grant with the rank of Captain. After the war 
he studied law and, on his admission to the bar, 
settled in Chicago, finally becoming a member of 
the firm of Lincoln & Isham. In 1880, he was 
chosen a Presidential Elector on the Republican 
ticket, and, in March following, appointed Secre- 
tary of War by President Garfield, serving to the 
close of the term. In 1889 he became Minister to 
England by appointment of President Harrison, 



gaining high distinction as a diplomatist. This 
was the last public office held by him. After the 
death of George M. Pullman he became Acting 
President of the Pullman Palace Car Company, 
later being formallj- elected to that office, which 
(1899) he still holds. Mr. Lincoln's name has 
been frequently mentioned in connection with 
the Republican nomination for the Presidency, 
but its use has not been encouraged by him. 

LINCOLN AND DOUGLAS DEBATE, a name 
popularly given to a series of joint discussions 
between Abraham Lincoln and Stephen A. Doug- 
las, held at different points in the State during the 
sunamer and autumn of 1858, while both were 
candidates for the position of United States Sena- 
tor. The places and dates of holding these 
discussions were as follows: At Ottawa, August 
21; at Freeport, August 27; at Jonesboro, Sept. 
15; at Charleston. Sept. 18; at Galesburg, Oct. 7; 
at Quincy, Oct. 13; at Alton, Oct. 15. Immense 
audiences gathered to hear these debates, which 
have become famous in the political history of 
the Nation, and the campaign was the most noted 
in ths history of any State. It resulted in the 
securing by Douglas of a re-election to the Senate ; 
but his answers to the shrewdly-couched interrog- 
atories of Lincoln Ijd to the alienation of his 
Southern following, the disruption of the Demo- 
cratic party in 1860, and the defeat of his Presi- 
dential aspirations, with the placing of Mr. 
Lincoln prominently before the Nation as a 
sagacious political leader, and his final election 
to the Presidencj'. 

LINCOLN UNIVERSITY, an institution located 
at Lincoln, Logan County, 111., incorporated in 
1865. It is co-educational, has a faculty of eleven 
instructors and, for 1896-8, reports 209 pupils — 
ninety-one male and 118 female. Instruction 
is given in the classics, the sciences, music, fine 
arts and preparatory studies. The institution 
has a library of 3,000 volumes, and reports funds 
and endowment amounting to -560,000, with 
property valued at 855,000. 

LINDER, Usher F., lawyer and politician, was 
born in Elizabethtown, Hardin County, Kj'. (ten 
miles from the birthplace of Abraham Lincoln), 
March 20, 1809; came to Illinois in 1835, finally 
locating at Charleston, Coles County ; after travel- 
ing the circuit a few months was elected Repre- 
sentative in the Tenth General Assembly (1836), 
but resigned before the close of the session to 
accept the office of Attorney-General, which he 
held less than a year and a half, when he resigned 
that also. Again, in 1846, he was elected to the 
Fifteenth General Assembly and re-elected to the 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



339 



Sixteecth and Seventeenth, afterwards giving his 
attention to the practice of his profession. Mr. 
Linder. in liis best days, was a fluent speaker with 
some elements of eloquence which gave him a 
wide popularity as a campaign orator. Originally 
a Whig, on the dissolution of that party he 
became a Democrat, and, in 1860, was a delegate 
to the Democratic >fational Convention at 
Charle.ston, S. C, and at Baltimore. During the 
last four years of his life he wrote a series of 
articles under the title of "Reminiscences of the 
Early Bench and Bar of Illinois," which was pub- 
lished in book form in 1876. Died in Chicago, 
June 5, 1876. 

LINECiAIi, David T., legislator, was born in 
Ohio, Feb. 12, 1830; came to Spencer County, 
Ind., in 1840, and to Wayne County, III., in 18.')8, 
afterward locating at Cairo, where he served as 
Postmaster during the Civil War; was a Repub- 
lican Presidential Elector in 1872, but afterwards 
became a Democrat, and served as such in the 
lower branch of the General Assembly (1880-86). 
Died at Cairo, Feb. 2. 1886. 

LIPPINCOTT, Charles E., .State Auditor, was 
horn at Edwardsville, 111.. Jan. 26, 182.5; attended 
Illinois College at Jacksonville, but did not 
graduate; in 1849 graduated from the St. Louis 
Medical College, and began the practice of medi- 
cine at Chandlerville, Cass County. In 18.52 he 
went to California, remaining there five years, 
taking an active part in the anti-slavery contest, 
and serving as State Senator (1853-5.5). In 1857, 
having returned to Illinois, he resumed practice 
at Chandlerville. and, in 1861, under authority of 
Governor Yates, recruited a company which was 
attached to the Thirty-third Illinois Infantry as 
Companj- K. and of which he was commissioned 
Captain, having declined the lieutenant-colo- 
nelcy. Within twelve months he became Colonel, 
and, on Sept. 16, 1865, was mustered out as brevet 
Brigadier-General. In 1866 he reluctantly con- 
sented to leail the Republican forlorn hope as a 
candidate for Congress in the (then) Ninth Con- 
gressional District, largely reducing the Demo- 
cratic majority. In 1867 he was elected Secretary 
of the State Senate, and the same year chosen 
Doorkeeper of the House of Representatives at 
Washington. In 1868 he was elected State Audi- 
tor, and re-elected in 1872; also ser\-ed as Perma- 
nent President of the Republican State Conven- 
tion of 1878. On the establishment of the Illinois 
Soldiers" and Sailors' Home at Quincy. he became 
its first Superintendent, assuming his duties in 
March, 1887. but died Sept. 13, following, as a 
result of injuries received from a runaway team 



while driving through the grounds of the institu- 
tion a few days previous. — Emily Webster 
Chandler (Lippincott), wife of the preceding, 
was born March 13, 1833, at Chandlerville. Cass 
County, III., the daughter of Dr. Charles Chand- 
ler, a prominent physician widely known in that 
•section of the State ; was educated at JacksonvilU- 
Female Academy, and married, Dec. 25, 1851, to 
Dr. (afterwards General) Charles E. Lippincott. 
Soon after the death of her husband, in Septem- 
ber, 1887, Mrs. Lippincott, who had already 
endeared herself by her acts of kindne.ss to the 
veterans in the Soldiers' and Sailors" Home, was 
appointed Matron of the institution, serving imtil 
her death. May 31, 1895. The respect in which 
she was held by the old soldiers, to whose com- 
fort and necessities she had ministered in hos- 
pital and elsewhere, was shown in a most touching 
manner at the time of her death, and on the 
removal of her remains to be laid by the side of 
her husband, in Oak Ridge Cemeterv at Spring- 
field. 

LIPPINCOTT, (Rev.) Thomas, early clergy- 
man, was born in Salem, N. J., in 1791; in 1817 
started west, arriving in St. Louis in February, 
1818; the same year established him.self in mer- 
cantile business at Milton, then a place of some 
importance near Alton. This place proving 
unhealthy, ho subsequently removed to Edwards- 
ville, where he was for a time employed as clerk 
in the Land Office. He afterwards served as 
Secretary of the Senate (1822-23). That he was a 
man of education and high intelligence, as well 
as a strong opponent of slaveiy, is shown by his 
writings, in conjunction with Judge Samuel D. 
Lockwood, George Churchill and others, in oppo- 
sition to the scheme for securing the adoption of 
a pro-slavery Constitution in Illinois in 1824. In 
1825 he purchased from Hooper Warren "The 
Edwardsville Spectator," which he edited for a 
year or more, but soon after entered the ministry 
of the Presbyterian Churcli and became an influ- 
ential factor in building up that denomination in 
Illinois, He was also partly instrumental in 
securing the location of Illinois College at Jack- 
sonville. He died at Pana, 111., April 13, 1869. 
Gen. Charles E. Lippincott, State Auditor 
(1869-77). was a son of the subject of this sketch. 

LIQUOR LAWS. In the early histon,- of the 
State, the question of the regulation of the sale of 
intoxicants was virtually relegated to the control 
of the local authorities, who granted license, col- 
lected fees, and fixed the tariff of charges. As 
early as 1851. however, the General Assembly, 
with a view to mitigating what it was felt had 



340 



HISTOKICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



become a growing evil, enacted a law popularly 
known as the "quart law," which, it was hoped, 
•would do away with the indiscriminate sale of 
li(£Uor by the glass. The law failed to meet the 
expectation of its framers and supporters, and, in 
18.55, a prohibitory law was submitted to the elect- 
ors, which was rejected at the polls. Since that 
date a general license .system has prevailed, excejit 
in certain towns and cities where prohibitory 
ordinances were adopted. The regulations gov- 
erning the traffic, therefore, have been widely 
variant in different localities. The Legislature, 
however, has always possessed the same constitu- 
tional power to regulate the sale of intoxicants, 
as aconite, henbane, strychnine, or other poisons. 
In 1879 the Woman's Christian Temperance 
Union began the agitation of the license question 
from a new standpoint. In March of that year, a 
delegation of Illinois women, headed by Sliss 
Frances K. Willard, presented to the Legislature 
a monster petition, signed by 80,000 voters and 
100,000 women, praying for the amendment of 
the State Constitution, so as to give females above 
the age of 21 the right to vote upon the granting 
of licenses in the localities of their residences. 
Miss Willard and Jlrs. J. Ellen Foster, of Iowa, 
addressed the House in its favor, and Miss 
Willard spoke to the Senate on the same lines. 
The measure was defeated in the House by a vote 
of fifty-five to fifty-three, and the Senate took no 
action. In 1881 the same bill was introduced 
anew, but again failed of passage. Nevertheless, 
persistent agitation was not without its results. 
In 1883 the Legislature enacted what is generally 
termed the "High License Law," by the provi- 
sions of which a minimum license of S.500 per 
annum was imposed for the sale of alcoholic 
drinks, and §150 for malt liquors, with the 
authority on the part of municipalities to impose 
a still higher rate by ordinance. This measm-e 
was made largely a partisan issue, the Repub- 
licans voting almost solidly for it, and the Demo- 
crats almost solidly opposing it. The bill was 
promptly signed by Governor Hamilton. The 
liquor laws of Illinois, tlierefore, at the present 
time are based upon local option, high license and 
local supervision. The criminal code of the State 
contains the customary provisions respecting the 
sale of stimulants to minors and other prohibited 
parties, or at forbidden times, but, in the larger 
cities, many of the provisions of the State law 
are rendered practically inoperative by the 
municipal ordinances, or absolutely nullified by 
the indiflierence or studied neglect of the local 
officials. 



LITCHFIELD, the principal city of Montgom- 
ery County, at the intersection of Ciucinuati, 
Chicago & St. Louis, the Wabash and tlie Illinois 
Central, with three other short-liae railways, 43 
miles south of Springfield and 47 miles northeast 
of St. Louis. The surrounding country is fer- 
tile, undulating prairie, in wliicli are found coal, 
oil and natural gas. A coal mine is operated 
within the corporate limits. Grain is extensively 
raised, and Litchfield has several elevators, flour- 
ing mills, a can factory, briquette works, etc. 
The output of the manufacturing establishments 
also includes foundry and machine shop prod- 
ucts, brick and tile, brooms, ginger ale and cider. 
The city is lighted bj' both gas and electricity. 
and has a Holly water-works system, a public 
library and public parks, two banks, twelve 
churclies. high and graded schools, and an Ursu- 
line convent, a Catholic hospital, and two 
monthly, two weekly, and two daily periodicals. 
Population (1890), 5,811; (1900), 5,918; (190:3, 
est ). 7,000. 

LITCHFIELD, C.VRROLLTON & WESTERN 
RAILRO.ID, a line which extends from Colum- 
biana, on the Illinois River, to Barnett, 111., 51.5 
miles; is of standard gauge, the track being laid 
with fift3'-six pound steel rails. It was opened 
for business, in three different sections, from 1883 
to 1887, and for three years was operated in con- 
nection with the Jacksonville Southeastern 
Railway. In May, 1890, the latter was sold under 
foreclosure, and, in November, 1893, the Litch- 
field, CarroUton & Western reverted to the 
former owners. Six months later it passed into 
the hands of a receiver, by whom (up to 1898) it 
has since been operated. The general offices 
are at Carlinville. 

LITTLE, George, merchant and banker, was 
born in Columbia, Pa., in 1808; came to Rush- 
ville, 111., in 1836, embarking in the mercantile 
business, which he prosecuted sixty years. In 
1865 he established the Bank of Rushville, of 
which he was President, in these two branches of 
business amassing a large fortune. Died, March 
5, 1896. 

LITTLE YERMILIOX RIVER rises in Ver- 
milion County, 111., and flows eastwardly into 
Indiana, emptying into the Wabash in Vermilion 
County, Ind. 

LITTLE WABASH RIVER, rises in EflSngham 
and Cumberland Counties, flows east and south 
through Clay, Wayne and White, and enters the 
Wabash River about 8 miles above the mouth of 
the latter. Its estimated length is about 180 
miles. 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



341 



LITTLER, David T., lawyer and State Senator, 
was born at Clifton, Greene County, Oliio, Feb. 
7, 1836; was educated in the common schools in 
his native State and, at twenty-one, removed to 
Lincoln, III., where he worked at the carpenter's 
trade for two years, meanwhile studying law. He 
was adtuitted to tlie bar in 1860, soon after was 
elected a Justi('e of the Peace, and later appointed 
Master in Chancery. la 1866 he was appointed 
by President Johnson Collector of Internal 
Revenue for the Eighth District, but resigned in 
186S, removing to Springfield the same year, 
wliere he entered into partnership with the late 
Henry S. Greene, Milton Hay being admitted to 
the firm soon after, the partnership continuing 
until 1881. In 1882 Mr. Littler was elected 
Representative in the Thirty-fourth General 
Assembly from Sangamon County', was re-elected 
in 1886, and returned to the Senate in 1894, serv- 
ing in the latter body four years. In both Houses 
Mr. Littler took a specially prominent part in 
legislation on the revenue question. 

LIVERMORE, Mary Ashton, reformer and phi- 
lanthropist, was born (Mary Ashton Rice) in 
Boston, Mass., Dec. 19, 1821; taught for a time in 
a female seminary in Charlestown, and spent two 
years as a governess in Southern Virginia; later 
married Rev. Daniel P. Livermore, a Ui.iver.salist 
minister, who held pastorates at various places in 
Massachu-setts and at Quincy, 111., becoming 
editor of "The New Covenant" at Chicago, in 
1857. During tliis time Mrs. Livermore wrote 
much for denominational papers and in assisting 
her husband; in 1862 was appointed an agent, 
and traveled e.xtensively in the interest of the 
United States Sanitary Commission, visiting 
hospitals and camps in the Jli.ssissipju Valley; 
also took a prominent part in the great Xorth- 
western Sanitary Fair at Chicago in 1863. Of 
late years she has labored and lectured exten- 
sively in the interest of woman suffrage and tem- 
perance, besides being the author of several 
volumes, one of the.se being "Pen Pictures of 
Chicago" (1S6.")). Her home is in Boston. 

LIYINGSTOX COUXTY, situated about mid- 
way between Chicago and Springfield. The sur- 
face is rolling toward the east, but is level in the 
west; area, 1.026 square miles; population (1900), 
42,035, named for Edward Livingston. It was 
organized in 1837, the first Commissioners being 
Robert Breckenridge, Jonathan Mt)on and Daniel 
Rockwof)d. Pontiac was .selected as the county- 
seat, the proprietors donating ample lands and 
$3,000 in cash tor the erection of public buildings. 
Vermilion River and Indian Creek are the prin- 



cipal streams. Coal underlies the entire county, 
and shafts are in successful operation at various 
points. It is one of the chief agricultural coun- 
ties of the State, the yield of oats and corn being 
large. Stock-raising is also extensively carried 
on. The development of the county really dates 
from the opening of the Chicago & Alton Rail- 
road in 1854, since wliich date it has been crossed 
by numerous other lines. Pontiac, tlie county- 
seat, is situated on the Vermilion, is a railroad 
center and the site of the State Reform School. 
Its population in 1890 was 2,784. Dwight has 
attained a wide reputation as the seat of the 
parent "Keeley" Institute for the cure of the 
liquor lialiit. 

LOCKPORT, a village in Will County, laid out 
in 1837 and incorporate<l in 18-53- situated 33 
miles .southwe.st of Chicago, on the Des Plaines 
River, the Illinois <^- Michigan Canal, the Atchi- 
son, Topeka & Santa Fe and the Chicago & Alton 
Railroads. The surrounding region is agricul- 
tural; limestone is extensively quarried. Manu- 
factures are flour, oatmeal, brass goods, paper 
and strawboard. It has ten churches, a public 
and high school, parochial schools, a bank, gas 
plant, electric car lines, and one weekly paper. 
The controlling works of the Chicago Drainage 
Canal and offices of the Illinois A- Michigan Canal 
are located here. Population (1S9()), 2,449; 
(19()()). 2,659. 

LOCKWOOl), Samuel Drake, jurist, was born 
at Poundridge, Westchester County, N. Y., 
August 2, 1789; left fatherless at the age of ten, 
after a few months at a private school in New 
Jersey, he went to live with an uncle (Francis 
Drake) at Waterford, N. Y., with whom he 
studied law, being admitted to the bar at Batavia, 
N. Y., in 1811.. In 1813 he removed to Auburn, 
and later became blaster in Chancery. In 1818 
he descended the Ohio River upon a flat-boat in 
companj' with William H. Brown, afterwards of 
Chicago, and walking across the country from 
Shawneeto«Ti, arrived at Kaskaskia in Decem- 
ber, but finally settled at Carmi, where he 
remained a year. In 1821 he was elected Attor- 
ney-General of the State, but resigned the fol- 
lowing year to accept the position of Secretary of 
State, to which he was appointed by Governor 
Coles, and which he filled only three months, 
when President Monroe made him Receiver of 
Public Moneys at Edwardsville. About the same 
time he was also appointed agent of the First 
Board of Canal Commissioners. The Legislature 
of 1824-25 elected him Judge of the Supreme 
Court, his service extending until the adoption 



348 



HISTORICAL E^T'YCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



of the Constitution of 1848, which he assisted in 
framing as a Delegate from Morgan County. In 
1851 he was made State Trustee of tlie Illinois 
Central Railroad, which office he held until his 
death. He was always an uncompromising 
antagonist of slavery and a leading supporter of 
Governor Coles in opposition to the plan to secure 
a pro-slavery Constitution in 1824. His personal 
and political integrity was recognized by all 
parties. From 1838 to 1853 Judge Lockwood was 
a citizen of Jacksonville, where he proved him- 
self an efficient friend and patron of Illinois Col- 
lege, serving for over a quarter of a century as 
one of its Trustees, and was also inJluential in 
securing several of the State charitable institu- 
tions there. His later years were spent at 
Batavia, where he died, April 23, 1874, in the 85th 
year of his age. 

LODA, a village of Iroquois County, on the 
Chicago Division of the Illinois Central Railway. 
4 miles north of Paxton. The region is agricul- 
tural, and the town has considerable local trade. 
It also has a bank and one weekly paper. 
Population (1880), 635; (1890), 598; (1900), 668. 

LOGAN, Cornelius Ambrose, physician and 
diplomatist, born at Deerfield, Mass., August 0, 
1836, the son of a dramatist of the same name ; 
was educated at Auburn Academy and served as 
Medical Superintendent of St. John's Hospital, 
Cincinnati, and, later, as Professor in the Hos- 
pital at Leavenwortli, Kan. In 1873 he was 
appointed United States Minister to Chili, after- 
wards served as Minister to Guatemala, and again 
(1881) as Minister to Chili, remaining until 1883. 
He was for twelve years editor of "The Medical 
Herald," Leavenwortli, Kan., and edited the 
works of his relative. Gen. John A. Logan (1886), 
besides contributing to foreign medical publi- 
cations and publishing two or three volumes on 
medical and sanitary questions. Resides in 
Chicago. 

LOGAN, John, physician and soldier, was born 
in Hamilton County, Ohio, Dec. 30, 1809; at six 
years of age was taken to Missouri, his family 
settling near the Grand Tower among the Shaw- 
nee and Delaware Indians. He began business 
as clerk in a New Orleans commission house, but 
returning to Illinois in 1830, engaged in the 
blacksmith trade for two years; in 1831 enlisted 
in the Ninth Regiment Illinois Militia and took 
part in the Indian troubles of that year and the 
Black Hawk War of 1832, later being Colonel of 
the Forty-fourth Regiment State Militia. At the 
close of the Black Hawk War he settled in 
Carlinville, and having graduated in medicine. 



engaged in practice in that place until 1861. At 
the beginning of the war he raised a company 
for the Seventh Illinois Volunteers, but the quota 
being already full, it was not accepted. He was 
finally commissioned Colonel of the Thirty- 
second Illinois Volunteers, and reported to Gen- 
eral Grant at Cairo, in January, 1862, a few weeks 
later taking part in the battles of Forts Henry 
and Douelson. Subsequently he had command 
of the Fourth Division of the Army of the Ten- 
nessee under General Hurlbut. His regiment 
lost heavily at the battle of Shiloh, he himself 
being severely wounded and compelled to leave 
the field. In December, 1864, he was discharged 
with the brevet rank of Brigadier-General. In 
1866 Colonel Logan was appointed by Preadent 
Johnson United States Marshal for the Southern 
District of Illinois, serving until 1870, when he 
resumed the practice of his profession at Carlin- 
ville. Originally a Democrat, he became a 
Republican on the organization of that party, 
serving as a delegate to tlie first Republican State 
Convention at Bloomington in 1856. He was a 
mau of strong personal characteristics and an 
earnest patriot. Died at his home at Carlinville, 
August 24, 1885. 

LOGAN, John Alexander, soldier and states- 
man, was born at old Brownsville, the original 
county-seat of Jackson County, 111., Feb. 9, 1826, 
the son of Dr. John Logan, a native of Ireland 
and an early immigrant into Illinois, where he 
attained prominence as a public man. Young 
Logan volunteered as a private in the Mexican 
War, but was soon promoted to a lieutenancy, 
and afterwards became Quartermaster of his 
regiment. He was elected Clerk of Jackson 
County in 1849, but resigned the office to prose- 
cute his law studies. Having graduated from 
Louisville University in 1851, he entered into 
partnership with his uncle, Alexander M. Jenk- 
ins ; was elected to the Legislature as a Democrat 
in 1852, and again in 1856, having been Prosecut- 
ing Attorney in the interim. He was cho.sen a 
Presidential Elector on the Democratic ticket in 
1856, was elected to Congress in 1858, and again 
in 1860, as a Douglas Democrat. During the 
special session of Congress in 1861, he left his 
seat, and fought in the ranks at Bull Run. In 
September, 1861, he organized the Thirty-first 
Regiment Illinois Infantry, and was commis- 
sioned by Governor Yates its Colonel. His mili- 
tarj' career was brilliant, and he rapidly rose to 
be Major-General. President Johnson tendered 
him the mission to Mexico, which he declined. 
In 1866 he was elected as a Republican to Con- 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



:i43 



gress for the State-at-large, and acted as one of 
the managers in the impeachment trial of the 
President; was twice re-elected and, in 1871, was 
chosen United States Senator, as lie was again in 
1879. In 1884 he was an unsuccessful candidate 
for the Presidential nomination at the Republican 
Convention in Chicago, hut was finally placed on 
the ticket for the Vice-Presidency with James G. 
Blaine, the ticket being defeated in November 
following. In 1885 he was again elected Senator, 
but died during his term at Wasliington, Dec. 2G, 
1886. General Logan was the author of "The 
Great Conspiracy" and of "The Volunteer Soldier 
of America." In 1897 an equestrian statue was 
erected to his memory on the Lake Front Park in 
Chicago. 

LOfi.VX. Stephen Trigg, eminent Illinois jurist, 
was born in Franklin County, Ky., Feb. 24. 1800; 
studied law at Glasgow, Ky., ami was admitted 
to the bar before attaining his majority. After 
practicing in his native State some ten years, in 
1832 he emigrated to Illinois, settling in Sanga- 
mon County, one year later opening an office at 
Springfield. In 1835 he was elevated to the 
bench of the First Judicial Circuit ; resigned two 
years later, was re-commissioned in 1839, but 
again resigned. In 1842, and again in 1844 
and 1846. he was elected to the (leneral Assem- 
bly ; also served as a member of the Consti- 
tutional Convention of 1847. Between 1841 
and 1844 he was a partner of Abraham Lin- 
coln. In 1854 he was again chosen a member 
of the lower house of the Legislature, was 
a delegate to the Republican National Conven- 
tion in 18G0, and, in 1861, was commissioned 
by Governor Yates to represent Illinois in the 
Peace Conference, which assembled in Wash- 
ington. Soon afterward he retiretl to private 
life. As an advocate his ability was widely 
recognized. Died at Springfield, July 17, 1880. 

LOGAN COrXTY, situated in the central part 
of the State, and having an area of about 620 
square miles. Its surface is chiefly a level or 
moderately undulating prairie, with some high 
ridges, as at Elkhart. Its soil is extremely fertile 
and well drained by numerous creeks. Coal- 
mining is succe.<;sfully carried on. The other 
staple products are corn, wheat, oats, hay, cattle 
and pork. Settlers began to locate in 1819-22, 
iind the county was organized in 1839, being 
originally cut off from Sangamon. In 1840 a 
portion of Tazewell was added and, in 1845, a 
part of De Witt County. It was named in honor 
of Dr. John Logan, father of Senator John A. 
Logan. Postville was the first county-seat, but. 



in 1847, a change was made to Mount Pulaski, 
and, later, to Lincoln, which is the present capi- 
tal. Population (1890), 2.5,489; (1900), 28,080. 

LOMBARD, a village of Dupage Countj', on the 
Chicago & Great Western and the Chicago & 
Northwe.stern Railways. Population (1880), 378; 
(1890), 515; (1900), 590. 

LOMBARD UNIVERSITY, an institution at 
Galesbuig under control of the Univers;ilist 
denomination, founded in 1851. It has prepara- 
tory, collegiate and theological departments. 
Tlie collegiate department includes both classical 
and scientific courses, with a specially arranged 
course of three years for j-oung women, who con- 
stitute nearly half the number of students. The 
University has an endowment of .§200,000, and 
owns additional property, real and personal, of 
the value of .§100,000. In 1898 it reported a fac- 
ulty of thirteen professors, with an attendance of 
191 students. 

LONDON MILLS, a village and railway station 
of Fulton County, on the Fulton Narrow Gauge 
and Iowa Central Railroads, 19 miles southeast 
of Galesburg. The district is agricultural; the 
town has two banks and a weekly newspaper; 
fine brick clay is mined. Pop. (1900), 528. 

LON(;, Stephen Harrimiiu, civil engineer, was 
born in Hopkinton, N. H., Dec. 30, 1784; gradu- 
ated at Dartmouth College in 1809, and, after 
teaching some years, entered the United States 
Army in December, 1814, as a Lieutenant in the 
Corps of Engineers, acting as As.sistant Professor 
of Mathematics at West Point ; in 1816 was trans- 
ferred to the Topographical Engineers with the 
brevet rank of Major. From 1818 to 1823 he had 
charge of explorations between the Mississippi 
River and the Rocky Moimtains. and, in 1823 24, 
to the sources of the Mississippi. One of the 
highest peaks of the Rocky Mountains was named 
in his honor. Between 1827 and 1830 he was 
employed as a civil engineer on the Baltimore & 
Ohio Railroad, and from 1837 to 1840, as Engineer- 
in-Chief of the Western & Atlantic Railroad, in 
Georgia, where he introduced a s)-stem of curves 
and a new kind of truss bridge afterwards gener- 
ally adopted. On the organization of the Topo- 
graphical Engineers as a separate corps in 1838, 
he became Major of that body, and, in If^Ol, diief. 
with the rank of Colonel. An account of his 
first expedition to the Rocky Moimtains (1819-20) 
by Dr. Edwin James, was published in 1823, and 
the following year appeared "Long's Expedition 
to the Source of St. Peter's River, Lake of the 
AVoods, Etc." He was a member of the Ameri- 
can Philosophical Society and the author of the 



344 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



first original treatise on railroad building ever 
published in this couutry, under the title of 
"Railroad Manual" (1829). During the latter 
days of his life his home was at Alton, 111. . where 
he died, Sept. 4, 1864. Though retired from 
active service in June, 1863, he continued in the 
discharge of important duties up to his death. 

LONGENECKER, .Joel M., lawyer, was born in 
Crawford County, 111., June 13, 1847; before 
reaching his eighteenth year he enlisted in the 
Fifth Illinois Cavalry, servinguntilthecloseof the 
war. After attending the high school at Robinson 
and teaching for some time, he began the studj- 
of law and was admitted to the bar at Olney in 
1870; served two years as City Attorney and four 
(1877-81) as Prosecuting Attorney, in the latter 
year removing to Chicago. Here, in 1884, he be- 
came the a.ssistant of Luther Laflin Mills in the 
office of Prosecuting Attorney of Cook County, 
retaining that position with Mr. Mills' successor. 
Judge Grinnell. On the promotion of the latter 
to the bench, in 1886, Mr. Longenecker succeeded 
to the office of Prosecviting Attorney, continuing 
in that position until 1892. While in this office 
he conducted a large number of important crimi- 
nal cases, the most important, perhaps, being the 
trial of the murderers of Dr. Cronin, in which he 
gained a wide reputation for skill and ability as 
a prosecutor in criminal ca.ses. 

LOOMIS, (Rev.) Hubbell, clergyman and edu- 
cator, was born in Colchester. Conn., May 31, 
177.5; prepared for college in the common schools 
and at Plainfield Academy, in his native State, 
finally graduating at Union College, N. Y., in 
1799 — having supported himself during a con- 
siderable part of his educational course by 
manual labor and teaching. He subsequently 
studied theology, and, for twenty-four years, 
served as pastor of a Congregational church at 
Willington, Conn., meanwhile fitting a number 
of young men for college, including among them 
Dr. Jared Sparks, afterwards President of Har- 
vard College and author of numerous historical 
works. About 1829 his views on the subject of 
baptism underwent a change, resulting in his 
uniting himself with the Baptist Church. Com- 
ing to Illinois soon after, he spent some time at 
Kaskaskia and Edwardsville, and, in 1832, located 
at Upper Alton, where he became a prominent 
factor in laying the foundation of Shiu-tleff Col- 
lege, first by the establishment of the Baptist 
Seminary, of which he was the Principal for 
several years, and later by assisting, in 1835, to 
secure the charter of the college in which the 
seminary was merged. His name stood first on 



the list of Trustees of the new institution, and, 
in proportion to his means, he was a liberal con- 
tributor to its support in the period of its infancy. 
The latter years of his life were spent among his 
books in literary and scientific pursuits. Died at 
Upper Alton, Dec. 15, 1872, at the advanced age 
of nearly 98 years. — A son of his — Prof. Elias 
Loomis — an eminent mathematician and natural- 
ist, was the author of "Loomis" Algebra" and 
other scientific text-books, in extensive use in the 
colleges of the couutry. He held professorships 
in various institutions at different times, the last 
being that of Natural Philosophy and Astronomy 
in Yale College, from 1860 up to his death in 1889. 

LORIMER, William, Member of Congress, was 
born in Manchester, England, of Scotch parent- 
age, April 27, 1861; came with his parents to 
America at five years of age, and, after spending 
some years in Michigan and Ohio, came to Chi- 
cago in 1870, where he entered a private school. 
Having lost his father by death at twelve years, 
of age, he became an apprentice in the sign-paint- 
ing business; was afterwards an employe on a 
street-railroad, finally engaging in the real-estate 
business and serving as an appointee of Mayor 
Roche and Mayor Washburne in the city water 
department. In 1892 he was the Republican 
nominee for Clerk of the Superior Court, but was 
defeated. Two years later he was elected to the 
Fifty- fourth Congress from the Second lUinois 
District, and re-elected in 1896, as he was again 
in 1898. His plurality in 1896 amounted to 26,736 
votes. 

LOUISVILLE, the county-seat of Clay County; 
situated on the Little Wabash River and on the 
Springfield Division of the Baltimore & Ohio 
Southwestern Railroad. It is 100 miles south- 
southeast of Springfield and 7 miles north of 
Flora; has a courthouse, three churches, a high 
school, a savings bank and two weekly news- 
papers. Population (1890), 6:!7; (1900), 646. 

LOUISVILLE, EVAXSVILLE & NEW AL- 
BANY RAILROAD. (See Louisville, Evansville 
& St. Louis (Consolidated^ Railroad.) 

LOUISVILLE, EVANSVILLE & ST. LOUIS 
(Consolidated) RAILROAD. The length of this 
entire line is 358.55 miles, of which nearly 150 
miles are operated in Illinois. It crosses the State 
from East St. Louis to Mount Carmel, on the 
Wabash River. Within Illinois the system uses 
a single track of standard gauge, laid with steel 
rails on white-oak ties. The grades are usually 
light, although, as the line leaves the Mississippi 
bottom, the gradient is about two per cent or 
105.6 feet per mile. The total capitalization 



IIISTUIUL'AL ENCVCLurKDlA OF ILLINOIS. 



345 



(1898) was 818,236,240, of which $4,247,909 was in 
stock ami •510..568,3.50 in bonds. — (History.) The 
original corporation was organizeil in both Indi 
ana and Illinois in 18G9, and tho Illinois section of 
i,he line opened from 3Iount Carmel to Albion (18 
miles) in January, 1873. The Indiana division 
was sold under foreclosure in 1876 to the Louis- 
ville. New Albany & St. Louis Railway Coni- 
pany, while the Illinois division was reorganized 
in 1878 under the name of the St. Louis, Mount 
Carniol & New Albany Railroad. A few months 
later the two divisions were consolidated under 
the name of the former. In 1881 this line was 
again consolidated with the Evansvillo, Rockport 
& Ea.stern Railroad (of Indiana), taking the name 
of the Louisville, Evansville & St. Louis Railroad. 
In 1889, by a still further con.solidation, it 
absorbed several short lines in Indiana and Illi- 
nois — those in the latter State being the Illinois 
& St. Louis Railroad and Coal Companj-, tlie 
Belleville, Centralia & Eastern (projected from 
Belleville to Jlount Vernon) and the Venice & 
Carondelet — the new organization assuming the 
present name — Louisville, Evansville & St. Louis 
(Consolidated) R;iilroad. 

LOUISVILLE & X.VSHVILLE RAILROAD, a 
corporation operating an extensive system of 
railroads, chiefly south of the Ohio River and 
extending through Kentucky and Tennessee 
into Imliana. The portion of the line in Illinois 
(known as the St. Louis. Evansville & Nashville 
line) extends from Ea.st St. Louis to the Wabash 
River, in Wliite County (133.64 miles), with 
branches from Belleville to O'Fallon (6.07 miles), 
and from McLeansboro to Shawneetown (40.7 
miles) — total, 180.41 miles. The Illinois Divi- 
sion, though virtually owned by the operating 
line, is formally leased from the .Southeast & St. 
Louis Railway Company, whose corporate exist- 
ence is merely nominal. The latter company 
acquired title to the property after foreclosure 
in November, 18.80. and leased it in perpetuity to 
the Louisville & Nashville Company. The total 
earnings and income of the leased line in Illinois, 
for 1898, were §1,0.52,789, and the total expendi- 
tures (including .?47,198 taxes) were §G,'J7,12.'>. 

LOl ISyiLLE & ST. LOUIS RAILWAY. (See 
JacksdiiviIhA- St. Louis Hditway.) 

LOVEJOY, Elijah Parish, minister and anti- 
slaverj' journalist, was born at Albion, Maine, 
Nov. 9, 1802 — the son of a Congregational minis- 
ter. He graduated at Waterville College in 1826, 
came west and taught school in .St. Louis in 
1827, and became editor of a Whig paper there in 
1829. Later, he studied theology at Princeton • 



and was licensed as a Presbyterian minister in 
1833. Returning to St. Louis, he .started' •'The 
Observer""— a religious weekly, which condemned 
slave-holding. Threats of violence from the 
pro-slavery party induced him to remove his 
paper, presses, etc., to Alton, in July, 1830. Three 
times within twelve months his plant was de- 
stroyed by a mob. A fourth press having been 
procured, a number of his friends agreed to pro- 
tect it from destruction in the warehouse where 
it was stored. On the evening of Nov. 7, 1837, a 
mob, Iiaving assembled about the building, sent 
one of their number to thi- roof to set it on fire. 
Lovejoy, witli two of his friends, stepped outside 
to reconnoiter, when he was shot down by parties 
in ambush, breathing his last a few minutes 
later. His death did much to strengthen the 
anti-slavery sentiment north of Mason and 
Dixon"s line. His party regarded him as a 
martyr, and his death was made the text for 
many impa.ssioned and effective appeals in oppo- 
sition to an institution which employed moboc- 
racy and murder in its efforts to suppress free 
discussion. (See Alton Riots.) 

LOVEJOY, Owen, clergyman and Congressman,' 
was born at Albion, Slaine, Jan. G, 1811. Being 
the son of a clergyman of small means, he was 
thrown upon his own resources, but secured a 
collegiate education, graduating at Bowdoin 
College. In 1836 he removed to Alton, 111., join- 
ing his brother, Elijah Parish Lovejoy, who was 
conducting an anti-slavery and religious journal 
there, and whose assassin;ition bj' a pro-slavery 
mob he witnessed the following year. (See Alton 
liiots and Elijah P. Lovejoy.) This tragedy 
induced him to devote his life to a crusade 
against slavery. Having previously begun the 
stud}' of thoolog}-, he was ordained to the minis- 
try and officiated for several years as pastor of a 
Congregational chirrch at Princeton. In 1.847 he 
was an unsuccessful candidate for the Constitu- 
tional Convention on the '"Liberty"" ticket, but, in 
18.54, was elected to the Legislature upon that 
issue, and earnestly supported Abraham Lincoln 
for United States Senator. L^pon his election to 
the Legislature he resigned his pastorate at 
Princeton, his congregaticm presenting him with 
a solid silver service in token of their esteem. In 
18,56 he was elected a Representative in Congress 
by a majority of 7,000, and was re-elected for 
three successive terms. As an orator he had few 
equals in the State, while his courage in the 
support of his principles was indomitable. In 
the campaigns of 1856, "58 and "60 he rendered 
valuable service to the Republican party, as he 



346 



HISTOKICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



did later in upholding the cause of the Union in 
Congress. He died in Brooklyn, N. Y., March 35, 
1864. 

LOVIJftiTOX, a village of Moultrie County, on 
the Terre Haute-Peoria brancli of tlie Vaudalia 
Line and the Bement & Altamont Division of the 
Wabash Railway, 23 miles southeast of Decatur. 
The town has two banks, a newspaper, water- 
works, electric lights, telephones and volunteer 
fire department. Pop. tl890), 767; (1900), 815. 

LUDLAM, (l>r.) Reuben, physician and author, 
was born at Camden, N. J., Oct. 11, 1831, the son 
of Dr. Jacob Watson Ludlam, an eminent phy- 
sician who, in his later years, became a resident 
of Evanston, 111. The younger Ludlam, having 
taken a course in an academy at Bridgeton, 
N. J., at sixteen years of age entered upon the 
study of medicine with his father, followed by a 
course of lectures at the University of Pennsyl- 
vania, where he graduated, in 1852. Having 
removed to Chicago the follovi-ing year, he soon 
after began an investigation of the homoeopathic 
system of medicine, which resulted in its adop- 
tion, and, a few years later, had acquired such 
prominence that, in 1859, he was appointed Pro- 
fessor of Physiology and Pathology in the newly 
established Hahnemann Medical College in the 
city of Chicago, with which he continued to be 
connected for nearly forty years. Besides serving 
as Secretary of the institution at its inception, he 
had, as early as 1854, taken a position as one of the 
editors of "The Chicago Homceopath, " later 
being editorially associated with "The North 
American Journal of Homoeopathy,'' published in 
New York City, and "The United States Medical 
and Surgical Journal' of Chicago. He also 
served as President of numerous medical associ- 
ations, and, in 1877, was appointed by Governor 
CuUom a member of the State Board of Health, 
serving, by two subsequent reappointments, for a 
period of fifteen years. In addition to his labors 
as a lecturer and practitioner. Dr. Ludlam was 
one of the most prolific authors on professional 
lines in the city of Chicago, besides numerous 
monographs on special topics, having produced a 
"Course of Clinical Lectures on Diphtheria" 
(1863) ; "Clinical and Didactic Lectures on the 
Diseases of Women" (1871), and a translation 
from the French of "Lectures on Clinical Medi- 
cine" (1880). The second work mentioned is 
recognized as a valuable text-book, and has 
passed through seven or eight editions. A few 
years after his first connection with the Hahne- 
mann Medical College, Dr. Ludlam became Pro- 
fessor of Obstetrics and Gynecology, and, on the 



death of President C. S. Smith, was chosen 
President of the institution. Died suddenly from 
.heart disea.se, while preparing to perform a surgi- 
cal operation on a patient in the Hahnemann 
Medical College, April 29, 1899. 

LUXDY, Benjamin, early anti-slavery journal- 
ist, was born in New Jersey of Quaker par- 
entage ; at 19 worked as a saddler at Wheeling, 
Va. , whei"e he first gained a practical knowledge 
of the institution of slavery; later carried on 
liusiness at Mount Pleasant and St. Clairsville, O., 
where, in 1815, he organized an anti-slavery 
association under the name of the "Union 
Humane Society," also contributing anti-slavery 
articles to "The Philanthropist," a paper pub- 
lished at Mount Pleasant. Removing to St. 
Louis, in 1819, he took a deep interest in the con- 
test over the admission of Missouri as a slave State. 
Again at Mount Pleasant, in 1831, he began the 
issue of "The Genius of Universal Emancipation, "' 
a monthly, which he soon removed to Jonesbor- 
ough, Tenn., and finallj' to Baltimore in 1834. 
when it became a weekly. Mr. Lundy's trend 
towards colonization is shown in the fact that he 
made two visits (1825 and 1839) to Hayti, with a 
view to promoting the colonization of emanci- 
pated slaves in that island. Visiting the East in 
1838, he made the acqiiaintance of William Lloyd 
Garrison, who became a convert to his views and 
a firm ally. The following winter he was as- 
saulted b}' a slave-dealer in Baltimore and nearly 
killed ; soon after removed his paper to Washing- 
ton and, later, to Philadelphia, where it took the 
name of "The National Enquirer," being finally 
merged into "The Pennsj'lvania Freeman." In 
1838 his property was burned by the pro-slavery 
mob which fired Pennsylvania Hall, and, in the 
following winter, he removed to Lowell, La Salle 
Co., 111., with a view to reviving his paper there, 
but the design was frustrated by his early death, 
which occurred August 33, 1839. The paper, 
however, was revived bj- Zebina Eastman under 
the name of "Tlie Genius of Liberty," but was re- 
moved to Chicago, in 1843, and issued under the 
name of "The Westei'n Citizen." (See Eastman, 
Zebina.) 

LtJNT, Orrington, capitalist and philanthro- 
pist, was born in Bowdoinham, Maine, Dec. 24, 
1815; came to Chicago in 1843, and engaged in 
the grain commission business, becoming a mem- 
ber of the Board of Trade at its organization. 
Later, he became interested in real e.state oper- 
ations, fire and life insurance and in railway 
enterprises, being one of the early promoters of 
the Chicago & Galena Union, now a part of the 



HISTOKICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



347 



Chicago & Northwestern PJailroad. He also took 
an active part in municipal aflFairs, and, during 
the War, was an eflicieut member of tlio "War 
Finance Committee." A liberal patron of all 
moral and benevolent enterprises, as shown by 
his cooperation with the "Relief and Aid Soci- 
ety" after the tire of 1871, and his generous bene- 
factions to the Young Men's Christian Association 
and feeble churches, his most eflicient service 
was rendered to the cause of education as repre- 
sented in the Northwestern University, of which 
he was a Trustee from its organization, and much 
of the time an executive officer. To his noble 
benefaction the institution owes its splendid 
library building, erected some years ago at a 
cost of $100,000. In tlie future history of Clii- 
cago, Mr. Lunfs name will stand beside that of 
J. Young Scammou, Walter L. Newberry, John 
Crerar, and others of its most liberal benefactors. 
Died, at his home in Evanston, April .'5, 189". 

LIJSK, John T., pioneer, was born in South 
Carolina, Nov. 7, 1784; brought to Kentucky in 
1791 by his father {James Lusk), who established 
a ferry across the Ohio, opposite the present town 
of Golconda, in Pope County, 111. Lusk's Creek, 
which empties into the Ohio in that vicinity, 
took its name from this family. In 180.5 the sub- 
ject of this sketch came to Madison Count}', 111., 
and settled near Edwardsville. During the War 
of 1812-14 he was engaged in the service as a 
"Ranger.'" When Edwardsville began its 
growth, he moved into the town and erected a 
house of hewn logs, a story and a half high and 
containing three rooms, which became the lirst 
hotel in the town and a place of considerable 
historical note. Mr. Lusk held, at different 
periods, the positions of Deputy Circuit Clerk, 
County Clerk, Recorder and Postmaster, dying, 
Dec. 22. 18.'57. 

LUTHERAXS, The. While this sect in Illi- 
nois, as elsewhere, is divided into many branches, 
it is a unit in accepting the Bible as the only in- 
faUible rule of faith, in the use of Lutlier"s small 
Catechism in instruction of the young, in the 
practice of infant baptism and confirmation at 
an early age, and in acceptance of the Augsburg 
Confession. Services are conducted, in various 
sections of tlie country, in not less than twelve 
different languages. The number of Lutheran 
ministers in Illinois exceeds 400, who preach 
in the English, German, Danish, Swedish, Fin- 
nish and Hungarian tongues. The churches 
over which they preside recognize allegiance 
to eight distinct ecclesiastical Ixjdies, denomi- 
nated synods, as follows: The Northern, South- 



ern, Central and Wartburg Synods of the 
(ieneral Synod; the Illinois-Missouri District of 
the Sy nodical Conference; the Synod for the 
Norwegian Evangelical Church ; the Swedish- 
Augustana, and the Indiana Syuoil of tho General 
Council. To illustrate the large proportion of the 
foreign element in this denomination, reference 
may be made to the fact that, of sixty-three 
Lutheran churches in Chicago, only four use the 
English language. Of the remainder, thirty- 
seven make use of the German, ten Swedish, nine 
Norwegian and three Danish. The whole num- 
ber of oomnninicants in the State, in 1892, was 
estimated at 90,000. The General Synod sustains 
a German Theological Seminary in Chicago. 
(See al.so Rcliyioits Deuotuinations. 

LYONS, a village of Cook County, 12 miles 
southwest of Chicago. Population (1880), 486; 
(1890), 733;. (1900), 951 

MACALTSTER & STEBB1>S BONDS, the 

name given to a class of State indebtedness 
incurred in the year 1841, through the hypothe- 
cation, by ,Iohn D.Whiteside (then Fund Com- 
missioner of the State of Illinois), with Messrs. 
Macalister & Stebbins, brokers of New York 
City, of 804 interest-bearing bonds of §1,000 each, 
payable in 186,5, upon which the said Macalister 
& Stebbins advanced to the State §261, ,500.83. 
This was done with the vmderstanding that the 
lirm would make further advances sufficient to 
increase the aggregate to forty per cent of the 
face value of the bonds, but upon which no 
further advances were actually made. In addi- 
tion to these, there were deposited with the same 
firm, within the next few months, with a like 
understanding, internal improvement bonds and 
State scrip amounting to §109,21.5.44 — making the 
aggregate of State securities in their hands §913,- 
215.44, vipon which the State had received only 
the amount already named — being 28.64 per cent 
of tho face value of such indebtedness. Attempts 
having been made by tho holders of these bonds 
(with whom they had been hypothecated by 
Macalister & Stebbins), to secure settlement on 
their par face value, the matter became the sub- 
ject of repeated legislative acts, the most impor- 
tant of which were pas-sed in 1847 and 1849 — both 
reciting, in their respective preambles, the history 
of the transaction. The last of these provided 
for the issue to Macalister Sc Stebbins of new 
bonds, payable in 1865, for the amount of princi- 
pal and interest of the sum actually advanced 
and found to be due, conditioned upon the sur- 
render, by them, of the original bonds and other 



348 



HISTOKICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



evidences of indebtedness received by them in 
1841. This tlie actual holders refused to accept, 
and brought the case before the Supreme Court 
in an effort to compel the Governor (who was 
then ex-offlcio Fund Commissioner) to recognize 
the full face of their claim. This the Supreme 
Court refused to do, on the ground that, the 
executive being a co-ordinate branch of the Gov- 
ernment, they had no authority over his official 
acts. In 1859 a partial refunding of these bonds, 
to the amount of §114,000, was obtained from 
Governor Bissell, who, being an invalid, was 
probably but imperfectly acquainted with their 
history and previous legislation on the subject. 
Eepresentations made to him led to a suspension 
of the proceeding, and, as the bonds were not 
transferable except on the books of the Funding 
Agency in the office of the State Auditor, they 
were treated as illegal and void, and were ulti- 
mately surrendered by the holders on the basis 
originally fixed, without loss to the State. In 
1865 an additional act was passed requiring the 
presentation, for payment, of the portion of the 
original bonds still outstanding, on pain of for- 
feiture, and this was finally done. 

MACK, Alonzo MS'., legislator, was born at More- 
town, Vt., in 1823; at 16 years of age settled at 
Kalamazoo, Mich. , later began the study of medi- 
cine and graduated at Laporte, Ind., in 1844. 
Then, having removed to Kankakee, 111., he 
adopted the practice of law ; in 1858 was elected 
Representative, and, in 1860 and "64, to the 
Senate, serving through five continuous sessions 
(185808). In 1863 he assisted in organizing the 
Seventy-sixth Regiment Illinois Volunteers, of 
which he was commissioned Colonel, but resigned, 
in January following, to take his seat in the 
Senate. Colonel Mack, who was a zealous friend 
of Governor Yates, was one of the leading spirits 
in the establishment of "The Chicago Repub- 
lican, " in Jlay, 1865, and was its business mana- 
ger the first year of its publication, but disagreeing 
with the editor, Charles A. Dana, both finally 
retired. Colonel Mack then resumed the practice 
of law in Chicago, dying there, Jan. 4, 1871. 

MACKI\AW, the first county-seat of Tazewell 
County, at intersection of two railroad lines, 18 
miles southeast of Peoria. The district is agri- 
cultural and stock-raising. There are manufacto- 
ries of farm implements, pressed brick, harness, 
wagons and carriages, also a State bank and a 
weekly paper. Population (1890), ,545: (1900). 8.59. 

MAC MILLAX, Thomas C, Clerk of United 
States District Court, was born at Stranraer, 
Scotland, Oct. 4, 1850; came with his parents, in 



1857, to Chicago, where he graduated from the 
High School and spent some time in the Chicago 
University; in 1873 became a reporter on "The 
Chicago Inter Ocean;" two years later accom- 
panied an exploring expedition to the Black Hills 
and, in 1875-76, represented that paper with 
General Crook in the campaign against the Sioui 
After an extended tour in Europe, he assumed 
charge of the "Curiosity Shop" department of 
"The Inter Ocean," served on the Cook County 
Board of Education and as a Director of the Chi 
cago Public Library, besides eight years in the 
General Assembly — 1885-89 in the House and 1889- 
93 in the Senate. In January, 1896, Mr. MacMillan 
was appointed Clerk of the United States District 
Court at Chicago. He has been a Trustee of Illi- 
nois College since 1886, and, in 1885, received the 
honorary degree of A.M. from that institution. 

MACOMB, the county-seat of MoDonough 
County, situated on the Chicago, Burlington & 
Quincy Railroad, 59 miles northeast of Quiney, 
39 miles southwest of Galesburg. The principal 
manufactures are sewer-pipes, drain-tile, pot- 
tery, and school-desk castings. The city lias 
interurban electric car line, banks, nine churches, 
high school and four newspapers; is the seat of 
Western Illinois State Normal School, and West- 
ern Preparatory School and Business College. 
Population (1890). 4,053; (1900). 0,375. 

MACON, a village in Macon County, on the Illi- 
nois Central Railroad, 10 miles south by west of 
Decatur. Macon County is one of the most fer- 
tile in tlie corn belt, and the city is an important 
shipping-point for corn. It has wagon and cigar 
factories, four churches, a graded school, and a 
weekly paper. Population (1890), 819 ; (1900), 705. 

MACON COUNTY, situated near the geograph- 
ical center of the State. The censios of 1900 gave 
its area as 580 square miles, and its population, 
44,003. It was organized in 1829, and named for 
Nathaniel Macon, a revolutionary soldier and 
statesman. The surface is chiefly level prairie, 
although in parts there is a fair growth of timber. 
The county is well drained by the Sangamon 
River and its tributaries. The soil is that high 
grade of fertility which one might expect in the 
corn belt of the central portion of the State. 
Besides corn, oats, rye and barley are extensively 
cultivated, while potatoes, sorghum and wool are 
among the products. Decatur is the county-seat 
and principal city in the heart of a rich agricul- 
tural region. Maroa, in the northern part of the 
county, enjoys considerable local trade. 

MACODPlJf COUNTY, a south-central county, 
with an area of 864 square miles and a population 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



349 



of 42,356 in 1900. Tlie word Macoupin is of 
Indian derivation, signifying 'white potato." 
The county, originally a part of JIadison, and 
later of Greene, was separately organized in 1S29, 
under the supervision of Seth Hodges, William 
Wilcox and Theodonis Davis. The first court 
house (of logs) was erected in 1830. It contained 
but two rooms, and in pleasant weather juries 
were wont to retire to a convenient grove to 
deliberate upon their findings. The surface of 
the county is level, with narrow belts of timber 
following the course of the streams. The soil is 
fertile, and both corn and wheat are extensively 
raised While agriculture is the cliief in<lustry 
in the south, stock-raising is successfully carried 
on in the north. Carlinville is the county-seat 
and Bunker Hill, Stanton, Virden and Girard the 
other principal towns. 

MAC VE.VGH, Franklin, merchant, lawyer 
and politician, was born on a farm in Chester 
County, Pa., graduated from Yale University in 
1862, and, two years later, from Columbia Law 
School, Xew York. He was soon compelled to 
abandon practice on account of ill-health, and 
removed to Chicago, in September, 1865, where he 
embarked in business as a wholesale grocer. In 
1874 he was chosen President of the Volunteer 
Citizens' Association, whicli inaugurated manj' 
important municipal reforms. He was tliereaf ter 
repeatedly urged to accept other offices, among 
them the mayorality, but persistently refused 
vmtil 1894, when he accepted a nomination for 
United States Senator by a State Convention of 
the Democratic Party. He made a thorough can- 
vass of the State, but the Republicans having 
gained control of tlie Legislature, he was 
defeated. He is the head of one of the most 
extensive wholesale grocery establishments in 
the city of Cliicago. 

MADISON COUNTY, situated in the southwest 
division of the State, and bordering on tlie Mis- 
sissipj)i River. Its area isalwut 740 square miles. 
The surface of the county is hilly along the Mis- 
sissippi bluffs, but generally eitlier level or only 
slightly undulating in the interior. The "Ameri- 
can Bottom" occupies a strip of countrj' along 
the western border, four to six miles wide, as far 
north as Alton, and is exceptionally fertile. The 
county wa-s organized in 1812, being the first 
county set off from St. Clair County after the 
organization of Illinois Territory, in 1809, and the 
third within the Territorj-. It was named in 
honor of James Madi.son, then President of the 
United States. At that time it embraced sub- 
stantially the whole of the northern part of the' 



State, but its limits were steadilj' reduced by 
excisions until 1^*43. The soil is fertile, corn, 
wheat, oats, hay, and potatoes being raised and 
exported in large quantities. Coal seams under- 
lie the soil, and carboniferous limestone (irops out 
in the neighborhood of Alton. American settlers 
began first to arrive about 1800, the Judys, Gill- 
hams and Whitesides being among the first, gen- 
erally locating in the American Bottom, and 
laying the foundation for the present county. 
In the early history of the State, Madison County 
was the home of a large number of prominent 
men who exerted a large influence in shaping its 
destiny. Among these were Governor Edwards, 
Governor Coles, Judge Samuel D. Lockwood, and 
many more whose names are intimately inter- 
woven with State history. The county-seat is at 
Edwardsville, and Alton is the principal city. 
Population (1890), 51, .535; (1900), 64.694. 

MAGKUDER, Benjamin 1)., Justice of the 
Supreme Court, was born near Natchez, Miss., 
Sept. 27, 1838: graduated from Yale College in 
1856, and, for three years thereafter, engaged in 
teaching in his father's private academy at 
Baton Rouge, La., and in reading law. In 1859 
he graduated from the law department of the 
University of Louisiana, and the same year 
opened an office at Memphis, Tenn. At the out- 
break of the Civil War, his sympathies being 
strongly in favor of the Union, he came North, 
and, after visiting relatives at New Haven, 
Conn., settled at Chicago, in June, 1861. While 
ever radically loj^al, he refrained from enlisting 
or taking part in political discussions during the 
war, many members of his immediate family 
being in the Confederate service. He soon 
achieved and easily maintained a high standing 
at the Chicago bar ; in 1868 was appointed Master 
in Chancery of the Superior Court of Cook 
County, and, in 1885, was elected to succeed 
Judge T. Lyle Dickey on the bench of the 
Supreme Court, being re-elected for a full term 
of nine years in 1888, and again in 1897. He was 
Chief Justice in 1891-92. 

MAK.VNDA, a village of Jackson County, on 
the Illinois Central Railway, 49 miles north of 
Cairo, in South Pass, in spur of Ozark Mountains. 
It is in the mid.st of a rich fruit-growing region, 
large amounts of this product being shipped there 
and at Cobden. The place has a bank and a 
weekly paper. Population (1900), 528. 

MALTBY, Jasper A., soldier, was born in Ash- 
tabula Count}'. Ohio, Nov. 3, 1826, served as a 
private in the Mexican War and was severely 
wounded at Chapultepec. After his discharge he 



350 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



established himself in the mercantile business at 
Galena, 111. ; in 1861 entered the volunteer service 
as Lieutenant-Colonel of the Forty-fifth Illinois 
Infantry, was wounded at Fort Donelson, pro- 
moted Colonel in November, 1862, and wounded 
a second time at Vicksburg; commissioned 
Brigadier-General in August, 1863: ser%'ed 
through the subsequent campaigns of the Army 
of the Tennessee, and was mustered out, January, 
1866. Later, he was appointed by the commander 
of the district Mayor of Vicksburg, dying in that 
office, Dec. 12, 1867. 

MANCHESTER, a town of Scott County, on 
the Jacksonville Division of the Chicago & Alton 
Railway. 16 miles south of Jacksonville; has 
some manufactures of pottery. Population 
(1890), 408; (1000), 430. 

MANIERE, (Jeorgre, early Chicago lawyer and 
jurist, born of Huguenot descent, at New Lon- 
don, Conn., in 1817. Bereft of his father in 1831, 
his mother removed to New York City, where he 
began the study of law, occasionally contributing 
to "The New York Mirror," then one of the 
leading literary periodicals of the country. In 
183,1 he removed to Chicago, where he completed 
his professional studies and was admitted to the 
bar in 1839. His first office was a deputj'ship in 
the Circuit Clerk's office ; later, he was appointed 
Master in Chancery, and served one term as 
Alderman and two terms as City Attorney. 
While filling the latter office he codified the 
municipal ordinances. In 1855 he was elected 
Judge of the Circuit Court and re-elected in 1861 
without opposition. Before the expiration of his 
second term he died, May 21, 1863. He held the 
office of School Commissioner from 1844 to 1852, 
during which time, largely tlirough his efforts, 
the school system was remodeled and the im- 
paired school fund placed in a satisfactory con- 
dition. He was one of the organizers of the 
Union Defense Committee in 1861, a member of 
the first Board of Regents of the (old) Chicago 
University, and prominently connected with 
several societies of a semi-public character. He 
was a polished \vTiter and was. for a time, in edi- 
torial control of "The Chicago Democrat." 

MANN, James R., lawyer and Congressman, was 
born on a farm near Bloomington, 111., Oct. 20, 
1856, whence his father moved to Iroquois County 
in 1867 ; graduated at the University of Illinois 
in 1876 and at the Union College of Law in Chi- 
cago, in 1881, after which he established himself 
in practice in Chicago, finally becoming the head 
of the law firm of Mann, Hayes & Miller; in 1888 
was elected Attorney of the village of Hyde Park 



and, after the annexation of that municipality to 
the city of Chicago, in 1892 was elected Alderman 
of the Thirtj'-second Ward, and re-elected in 
1894, while in the City Council becoming one of 
its most prominent members; in 1894, served as 
Temporary Chairman of the Republican State 
Convention at Peoria, and, in 1895, as Chairman 
of the Cook County Republican Convention. In 
1896 he was elected, as a Reiniblican, to the Fifty- 
fifth Congress, receiving a plurality of 28,459 
over the Free Silver Democratic candidate, and 
26,907 majority over all. In 1898 he was a can- 
didate for re-election, and was again successful, by 
over 17,000 plurality, on a largely reduced vote. 
Other positions held by Mr. Mann, previous to his 
election to Congress, include those of Master in 
Chancery of the Superior Court of Cook County 
and General Attorney of the South Park Com- 
missioners of the city of Chicago. 

MANN, Orriii L., lawyer and soldier, was born 
in Geauga County, Ohio., and, in his youth, 
removed to the vicinity of Ann Arbor, Mich., 
where he learned the blacksmith trade, but, 
being compelled to abandon it on account of an 
injury, in 1851 began study with the late Dr. 
Hinman, then in charge of the Wesleyan Female 
College, at Albion, Mich. Dr. Hinman having, 
two years later, become President of the North- 
western University, at Evanston, Mr. Mann 
accompanied his preceptor to Chicago, continuing 
his studies for a time, but later engaging in 
teaching; in 1856 entered the University of 
Michigan, but left in his junior year. In 1860 he 
took part in the campaign which resulted in the 
election of Lincoln ; early in the following spring 
had made arrangements to engage in the lumber- 
trade in Chicago, but abandoned this purpose at 
the firing on Fort Sumter; then assisted in 
organizing the Thirty-ninth Regiment Illinois 
Volunteers (the "Yates Phalanx"), which having 
been accepted after considerable delay, he 
was chosen Major. The regiment was first 
assigned to duty in guarding the Baltimore & 
Ohio Railroad, but afterwards took part in the 
first battle of Winchester and in operations in 
North and South Carolina. Having previously 
been commissioned Lieutenant-Colonel, Jlajor 
Mann was now assigned to court-martial duty at 
Newbern and Hilton Head. Later, he partici- 
pated in the siege of Forts Wagner and Gre,gg, 
winning a brevet Brigadier-Generalship for 
meritorious service. The Thirty-ninth, having 
"veteranized" in 1864, was again sent east, and 
being assigned to the command of Gen B. F. 
Butler, took part in the battle of Bermuda 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



351 



Hundreds, where Colonel Mann was seriously 
wounded, necessitating a stay of several months 
in hospital. Returning to duty, he was assigned 
to the staff of General Ord, and later served as 
Provost Marshal of the District of Virginia, with 
headquarters at Norfolk, being finally mustered 
out in December, 1865. After the war he 
engaged in the real estate and loan business, 
but, in J8C6, was appointed Collector of Internal 
Revenue for the Chicago District, .serving until 
18C8, when he was succeeiled by General Corse. 
Other positions held by him have been : Represent- 
ative in the Twenty-ninth General Assembly 
(1874-7G), Coroner of Cook County (1878-80), and 
Sheriff (1880-82). General Mann was injured by 
a fall, some years since, inducing partial paraly- 
sis. 

MAXXIXJ, Joel, first Secretary of the Illinois 
& Michigan Canal Commissioners, was born in 
1793, graduated at Union College, N. Y., in 1818, 
and came to Southern Illinois at an early day, 
residing for a time at Brownsville, Jackson 
County, where he held the office of County- 
Clerk. In 1836 he was practicing law, when he 
was appointed Secretary of the first Board of 
Commissioners of the Illinois & Michigan Canal, 
remaining in office until 1845. He continued to 
reside at Lockport, Will County, until near the 
close of his life, when he removed to Joliet, dying 
there. Jan 8, lS()i». 

MAXXIJi(», Julius, lawyer, was born in Can- 
ada, near Chateaugay, N. Y., but passed his 
earlier years chiefly in the State of New York, 
completing his education at Middleburj- College, 
Vt. ; in 1839 came to Knoxville, 111., where he 
served one term as Count}- Judge and two terras 
(1842-46) as Representative in the General Assem- 
bly. He was also a Democratic Presidential 
Elector in 1848. In 18.")3 he removed to Peoria, 
where he was elected, in 1861, a Delegate to the 
State Constitutional Convention of the following 
year. Died, at Knoxville, July 4, 1802. 

MANSFIELD, a village of Piatt County, at 
the intersection of the Peoria Division of the 
Cleveland, Cincmnati, Chicago & St. Louis and 
the Chicago Division of the Wabash Railways, 
32 miles southeast of Bloomington. It is in the 
heart of a rich agricultural region ; has one news- 
pajier. Population (1890), 533; (1900). 708. 

MAXTF.NO, a village of Kankakee County, 
on the Illinois Central Riiilroad, 47 miles south 
of Chicago; a shipping point for grain, live- 
stock, sm^U fruits and dairy products; has 
one newspaper. Population (1880), 632; (1890), 
627; (1900), 932. 



MAQl'ON, a village of Knox County, on the 
Peoria Division of the Chicago, Bui-lington & 
Quincy R<iihvay, 10 miles southeast of Gales- 
burg. The region is agricultural. The town has 
banks and a weekly paper. Population (1880), 
548: (1890), ,501, (1900), 47.5. 

MARCY, (Dr.) Oliver, educator, was born in 
Coleraine, Mass., Feb. 13, 1820; received his early 
education in the grammar .schools of his native 
town, graduating, in 1842, from the Wesleyan 
University at Middletown, Conn. He early mani- 
fested a deep interest in the natural sciences and 
became a teacher in an academy at Wilbraham, 
Mass., where he remained until 1802, meanwhile 
making numerous trips for geologic investigation 
One of these was made in 1849, overland, to 
Puget Sound, for the purpose of securing data 
for maps of the Pacific Coast, and settling dis- 
puted questions as to the geologic formation of 
the Rocky Mountains. During this trip ho visited 
San Francisco, making maps of the mountain 
regions for the use of the Government. In 1862 
he was called to the professorship of Natural 
History in the Northwestern University, at 
Evanston, remaining there until his death. The 
institution was then in its infanc}', and he taught 
mathematics in connection with his other duties. 
From 1890 he was Dean of the faculty. He 
received the degee of LL. D. from the University 
of Chicago in 1876. Died, at Evanston. March 
19. 1899. 

M.\REDOSIA (MAR.VlS(le OGEE), a peculiar 
depression (or slough) in tlie southwestern part of 
Wliiteside Comity, connecting the Mississippi 
and Rock Rivers, through which, in times of 
freshets, the former sometimes discharges a part 
of its waters into the latter. On the other hand, 
when Rock River Ls relatively higher, it some- 
times discharges through the same channel into 
the Mississii)pi. Its general course is north and 
south. — Cat-Tiiil Slough, a similar depression, 
runs nearly parallel with the Jlaredosia, at a dis- 
tance of five or six miles from the latter. The 
highest point in the Maredosia above low water 
in the Mississippi is thirteen feet, and that in the 
Cat-Tail Slough is twenty-six feet. Each is 
believed, at some time, to have served as a 
channel for the Mississippi. 

MAREXGO, a city of McHenry County, settled 
in 1835, incor)X)rated as a town in 1857 and, as a 
city, in 1893; lies 68 miles northwest of Chicago, 
on the Chicago & Northwestern Railroad. It is 
in the heart of a dairying and fruit-growing dis- 
trict; has a foundry, stove works, condensed 
milk plant, canning factory, water-works, eleo- 



352 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



trie lights, lias six cliurclies, good schools and 
two weekly newspapers. Population (1880), 1,264; 
(1890), 1, 445; (1900), 2,005. 

MARINE, a village of Madison County, on the 
Illinois Central Railroad, 27 miles northeast of 
St. Louis. Several of its ear.liest settlers were 
sea captains from the East, from whom the 
"Marine Settlement" obtained its name. Popu- 
lation (1880) 774; (1890.), 637; (1900), 666. 

MARION, the county-seat of Williamson 
County, 173 miles southeast of Springfield, on the 
Illinois Central and Chicago & Eastern Illinois 
Railroads; in agricultural and coal region; has 
cotton and woolen mills, electric cars, water- 
works, ice and cold-storage plant, dry pressed 
brick factory, six churches, a graded school, and 
three newspapers. Pop. (1890), 1,338; (1900), 3,510. 

MARION COUNTY, located near the center of 
the southern half of the State, with, an area of 
580 square miles; was organized in 1823, and, by 
the census of 1900. had a population of 30,446. 
About half the county is prairie, the chief prod- 
ucts being tobacco, wool and fruit. The 
remainder is timbered land. It is watered by the 
tributaries of the Kaskaskia and Little Wabash 
Rivers. The bottom lands have a heavy growth 
of choice timber, and a deep, rich soil. A large 
portion of the county is underlaid with a thin 
vein of coal, and the rocks all belong to the upper 
coal measures. Sandstone and building sand are 
also abundant. Ample shipping facilities are 
afforded by the Illinois Central and theBaltimore & 
Ohio (S.W.) Railroads. Salem is the county -seat, 
but Centralia is the largest and most important 
town, being a railroad junction and center of an 
extensive fruit-trade. Sandoval is a thriving 
town at the jvmction of the Illinois Central and 
the Baltimore & Ohio Southwestern Railroads. 

MARISSA, a village of St. Clair County, on the 
St. Louis & Cairo Short Line Railroad, 39 miles 
southeast of St. Louis. It is in a farming and 
mining district; has two banks, a newspaper and 
a magazine. Population (1890), 876; (1900), 1,086. 

MAROA, a city in Macon County, on the Illi- 
nois Central Railroad, 13 miles north of Decatur 
and 31 miles south of Bloomington. The city has 
tliree elevators, an agricultural implement fac- 
tory, water-works system, electric light plant, 
telephone service, two banks, one newspaper, 
three churches and a graded school. Population 
(1880), 870; (1890), 1,164; (1900), 1,213. 

MARQUETTE, (Father) Jacques, a French 
missionary and explorer, born at Laon, France, 
in 1637. He became a Jesuit at the age of 17, and, 
twelve years later (1666), was ordained a priest. 



The same year he sailed for Canada, landing at 
Quebec. For eigliteen months he devoted him- 
self chiefly to the study of Indian dialects, and, 
in 1668, accompanied a party of Nez-Perces to 
Lake Superior, where he founded the mission of 
Sault Ste. Marie. Later, after various vicissi- 
tudes, he went to Mackinac, and, in that vicinity, 
founded the Mission of St. Ignace and built a 
rude church. In 1673 he accompanied Joliet on 
his voyage of discovery down the Mississippi, the 
two setting out from Green Bay on May 17, and 
reaching the Mississippi, by way of the Fox and 
Wisconsin Rivers, June 17. (For an interesting 
translation of Marquette's quaint narrative of the 
expedition, see Shea's "Discovery and Explo- 
ration of the Mississippi,'' N. Y., 1852.) In Sep- 
tember, 1673, after leaving the Illinois and stop- 
ping for some time among the Indians near 
"Starved Rock," he returned to Green Bay much 
broken in health. In October, 1674, under orders 
from his superior, he set out to establish a mis- 
sion at Kaskaskia on the Upper Illinois. In 
December he reached the present site of Chicago, 
where he was compelled to halt because of 
exhaustion. On March 29, 1675, he resumed his 
journey, and reached Kaskaskia, after much 
suffering, on April 8. After laboring indefati- 
gably and making many converts, failing health 
compelled him to start on his return to Macki- 
nac. Before the voyage was completed he died. 
May 18, 1675, at the mouth of a stream which 
long bore his name — but is not the present Mar- 
quette River — on the eastern shore of Lake Michi- 
gan. His remains were subsequently removed to 
Point St. Ignace. He was the first to attempt to 
explain the lake tides, and modern science has 
not improved his theory. 

MARSEILLES, a city on the Illinois River, in 
La Salle County, 8 miles east of Ottawa, and 77 
miles southwest of Chicago, on the line of the 
Cliicago, Rock Island & Pacific -Railroad. Ex- 
cellent water power is furnished by a dam across 
the river. The city has several factories, among 
the leading products being flour, paper and 
agricultural implements. Coal is mined in the 
vicinit.v. The grain trade is large, sufficient to 
support three elevators. There are tliree papers 
(one daily). Population (1890), 3,210; (1900), 
3,559; (1903, est), 3,100. 

MARSH, Benjamin F., Congressman, born in 
Wythe Townsliip, Hancock County, 111., was edu- 
cated at private schools and at Jubilee College, 
leaving the latter institution one year before 
graduation. He read law under the tutelage of his 
brother, Judge J. W. Marsh, of Warsaw, and was 



HISTOKICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



353 



admitted to the bar in I860. The same year he was 
an unsuccessful candidate for State's Attorney. 
lmme<liately upon tlie first call for troops in 1861, 
lie raised a company of cavalry, ami, going to 
Springfield, tendered it to Governor Yates. No 
cavalry having been called for, the Governor felt 
constrained to decline it. On his way home Mr. 
Marsh stopped at Quincy and enlisted as a private 
in the Sixteenth Illinois Infantry, in which regi- 
ment he served until July 4, 18G1, when Gov- 
ernor Yates advised him by telegraph of his 
readiness to accept his cavalry company. 
Returning to Warsaw he recruited another com- 
pany within a few days, of which he was com- 
missioned Captain, and which was attached to 
the Second Illinois Cavalry. lie served in the 
army until January, 1866, being four times 
wounded, and rising to the rank of Colonel. On 
his return home he interested himself in politics. 
In 1869 he was a Republican candidate for the 
State Constitutional Convention, and. in 1876, 
was elected to represent the Tenth Illinois Dis- 
trict in Congress, and re-elected in 1878 and 1880. 
In 188.') he was appointed a member of the Rail- 
road and Warehouse Commission, serving until 
1889. In 1894 he was again elected to Congress 
from his old district, which, under the new 
apportionment, had become the Fifteenth, was 
re-elected in 1896, and again in 1898. In the 
Fiftj'-fifth Congress he was a member of the 
Hou.se Committee on Military Affairs and Chair- 
man of the Connnittee on Jlilitia. 

MARSH, William, jurist, was born at Moravia, 
N. Y., May 11, 1822; was educated at Groton 
Academy and Union College, graduating from 
the latter in 1843. He studied law, in part, in 
the office of Millard Fillmore, at Buffalo, and was 
admitted to the bar in 1845, practicing at Ithaca 
until 18.)4, when he removed to Quincy, 111. Here 
he continued in practice, in partnership, at differ- 
ent periods, with prominent lawyers of that city, 
until elected to the Circuit bench in 188i5, serv- 
ing until 1891. Died, April 14 1894. 

M.\RSH.iLL, the county -seat of Clark County, 
and an incorporated city, 16!< miles southwest of 
Terre Haute, Ind., and a point of intersection of 
the Cleveland, Cincinnati, Chicago & St. Louis 
and the Vandalia Railroads. The surrounding 
country is? devoteil to farming and stock-raising. 
The city has woolen, fiour, saw and planing mills, 
and milk condensing plant. It has two banks, 
eight churches and a good public school system, 
whicli includes city and township high schools, 
and three newspapers. Population (1890), 1,900; 
(1900), 2,077. 



M.\RSHALL, Samupl S., lawyer and Con- 
gressman, was born in Gallatin County, 111., in 
1824; studied law and soon after located at 
McLeansboro. In 1846 he was chosen a member 
of the lower house of the Fifteenth General 
Assembly, but resigned, early in the following 
year, to become State's Attorney, serving until 
1848; was Judge of the Circuit Court from 1851 
to 1854, and again from 1861 to 1865; was delegate 
from the State-at-large to the Charleston and 
Baltimore Conventions of 1860, and to the 
National Union Convention at Philadelphia in 
1806. In 1861 he received the complimentary 
vote of his party in the Legislature for United 
States Senator, and was similarly honored in the 
Fortieth Congress (1867) by receiving the Demo- 
cratic support for Speaker of the House. He 
was first elected to Congress in 1854, re-elected in 
1856, and, later, served continuously from 1865 to 
1875, when he returned to the practice of his 
profession. Died, July 26, 1890. 

MARSHALL COUNTY, situated in the north- 
central part of the State, with an area of 400 
square miles — named for Chief Justice John Mar- 
shall. Settlers began to arrive in 1827, and 
county organization was effected in 1839. The 
Illinois River bisects the county, which is also 
drained by Sugar Creek. The surface is gener- 
ally level prairie, except along the river, although 
occasionally undulating. The soil is fertile, 
corn, wheat, hay and oats forming the staple 
agricultural products. Hogs are raised in great 
number, and coal is extensively mined. Lacon 
is the county-seat. Population (1880), 15,053; 
(1890), 13,6.53; (1900), 16,370. 

MARTIN, (Gen.) James S., ex- Congressman 
and soldier, was born in Scott County, Va., 
August 19. 1826, educated in the common 
schools, and, at the age of 20, accompanied his 
parents to Southern Illinois, settling in Marion 
(Sounty. He served as a non-commissioned 
officer in the war with Mexico. In 1849. he was 
elected Clerk of the Marion County Court, which 
office he filled for twelve years. By profession he 
is a lawyer, and has been in active practice when 
not in public or military life. For a number of 
years he was a member of the Republican State 
Central Committee. In 1862 he was commis- 
.sioned Colonel of the One Hundred and Eleventh 
Illinois Volunteers, and, at the close of the war, 
brevetted Brigadier-General. On his return home 
he was elected County Judge of Marion County, 
and, in 1868, appointed United States Pension 
Agent. The latter post he resigned in 1872, hav- 
ing been elected, as a Republican, to represent 



354 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



the Sixteenth District in the Forty-third Con- 
gress. He was Commander of the (Jrand Army 
for the Department of Illinois in 1889-90. 

MARTINSVILLE, a village of Clark County, 
on the Terre Haute & Indianapolis (Vandalia) 
Railroad. 11 miles southwest of Marshall ; lias 
twobanksand one newspaper. Population (1880), 
G08; (1890), 779; (1900), 1,000. 

MASCOUTAH, a city in St. Clair County, 25 
miles from St. Louis and 11 miles east of Belle- 
ville, on the line of the Louisville & Nashville 
Railroad. Coal-mining and agriculture are the 
principal industries of the surrounding country. 
The city has flour mills, a brickyard, dairy, 
school, churches, and electric line. Population 
(1880), 2,r,5S; (1890), 3,032; (1900), 3,171. 

MASON, Ro.swell B., civil engineer, was born 
in Oneida County, N. Y., Sept. 19, 1805; in his 
boyhood was employed as a teamster on the Erie 
Canal, a year later (1822) accepting a position as 
rodman under Edward F. Gay, assistant-engineer 
in charge of construction. Subsequently he was 
employed on the Schuylkill and Morris Canals, 
on the latter becoming assistant-engineer and, 
finally, chief and superintendent. Other works 
with which Mr. Mason was connected in a similar 
capacity were the Pennsylvania Canal and the 
Housatonic, New York & New Haven and the 
Vermont Valley Railroads. In 1851 he came 
west and took charge of the construction of the 
Illinois Central Railroad, a work which required 
five years for its completion. The next four 
years were spent as contractor in the construction 
of roads in Iowa and Wisconsin, until 1800, when 
he became Superintendent of the Chicago & 
Alton Railroad, but remained only one year, in 
1861 accepting the position of Controller of the 
land department of the Illinois Central Railroad, 
which he retained until 1867. The next two 
years were occupied in the service of the State in 
lowering the summit of the Illinois & Michigau 
Canal. In 1869 he was elected Maj'or of the city 
of Chicago, and it was in the closing days of 
his term that the great fire of 1871 occurred, 
testing his executive ability to the utmost. From 
1873 to 1883 he served as one of the Trustees of 
the Illinois Industrial University, and was one of 
the incorporators, and a lifelong Director, of the 
Presbyterian Theological Seminar}- of the North- 
west. Died, Jan. 1, 1892.— Edward Gay(Mason), 
son of the preceding, was born at Bridgeport. 
Conn., August 33, 1839; came with his father's 
family, in 1853, to Chicago, where he attended 
school for several years, after which he entered 
Yale College, graduating there in 1800. He then 



studied law, and, later, became a member of the 
law firm of Mattocks & Mason, but subsequently, 
in conjvmction with two brothers, organized the 
firm of Mason Brothers, for the prosecution of a 
real-estate and law business. In 1881 Mr. Mason 
was one of the organizers of the Chicago Musical 
Festival, which was instrumental in bringing 
Theodore Thomas to Chicago. In 1887 he became 
President of tlie Chicago Historical Society, as the 
successor of Eliliu B. Washburne, retaining the 
l)osition until his death, Dec. 18, 1898. During 
his incumbency, the commodious building, now 
occupied by the Historical Society Librarj-, was 
erected, and he added largely to the resources of 
the Societ}' by the collection of rare manuscripts 
and other historical records. He was the author 
of several historical works, including "Illinois in 
the Eighteenth Century," "Kaskaskia and Its 
Parish Records,'" besides papers on La Salle and 
the first settlers of Illinois, and "The Story of 
James Willing — An Episode of the American 
Revolution." He also edited a volume entitled 
"Early Chicago and Illinois," which was pub- 
lished under the auspices of the Chicago Histor- 
ical Society. Mr. Mason was, for several years, a 
Trustee of Yale University and, about the time of 
his death, was prominently talked of for President 
of that institution, as successor to President 
Timothy D wight. 

MASON, William E., LTnited States Senator, 
was born at Franklinville, Cattaraugus County, 
N. Y. , July 7, 18.50, and accompanied his parents 
to Bentonsport, Iowa, in 1858. He was educated 
at the Bentonsport Academy and at Birmingham 
College. From 1800 to 1870 he taught school, the 
last two years at Des Moines. In that city he 
studied law with Hon. Thomas F. Withrow, who 
afterward admitted him to partnership. In 1873 
he removed to Chicago, where he has since prac- 
ticed his profession. He soon embarked in poli- 
tics, and, in 1878, was elected to the lower house 
of the General Assembly, and, in 1882, to the 
State Senate. In 1884 he was the regular Repub- 
lican candidate for Congress in the Third Illinois 
District (then strongly Republican), but, owing 
to party dissensions, was defeated by James H. 
Ward, a Democrat. In 1886, and again in 1888, 
he was elected to Congress, but, in 1890, was 
defeated for re-election by Allan C. Durborow. 
He is a vigorous and effective campaign speaker. 
In 1897 he was elected United States Senator, 
receiving in the Legislature 125 votes to 77 for 
John P. Altgeld, the Democratic candidate. 

MASON CITY, a prosperous city in Mason 
County, at the intersection of the Chicago & 



IIISTOKICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



355 



Alton and the Havana branch of tlie Illinois 
Central Raihoaiis, is miles west by north of 
Lincoln, and about :iO miles north of Sprinf^lield. 
Being in the heart of a rich corn-growing district, 
it is an important shipping point for that com- 
modity. It has four churches, two bank?, two 
newspapers, brick works, flour-mills, grain-ele- 
vators and a carriage factory. Population (1880), 
1,714; (1890), 1,800; (I'JOO), 1,890. 

MASOX rOrXTY, organized in 1841. with a 
population of aljout 2,000; population (1000), 
17,491, and area of 500 square miles, — named for a 
county in Kentucky. It lies a little northwest 
of the center of the State, the Illinois and Sanga- 
mon Rivers forming its west and its south bound- 
aries. The soil, while sandy, is fertile. The 
chief staple is corn, and the county offers e.\cel- 
lent opportunities for viticulture. Ths American 
pioneer of JIason County was probably Maj. 
Ossian B. Ross, wlio settled at Havana in 1833. 
Not until 1837, however, can immigration be said 
to have set in rapidly. Havana was first chosen 
as the county seat, but Bath enjoyed the honor 
for a few years, the county ofHces being per- 
manently removed to the former point in 1851. 
Mason City is an important shipping point on the 
Chicago & Alton Railroad 

M.VSONS, ANCIENT ORDKR OF FREE AXD 
ACCF.PTEI). (See Free-Masons.) 

MASSAC COUNTY, an extreme southern 
county of the State and one of the smallest, its 
area, being but little more than 240 square miles, 
with a population HOOO) of 13, 110— named for 
Fort JIassac, within its borders. The surface is 
hilly toward the north, but the bottom lands 
along the Ohio River are swampy and liable to 
frequent overflows. A con.siderable portion of the 
natural resources consists of timber — <3ak, wal- 
nut, poplar, hickory, cypress and cottonwood 
abounding. Saw-mills are found in nearly every 
town, and considerable grain and tobacco are 
raised. The original settlers were largely from 
Ohio, Kentucky and North Carolina, and hospi- 
tality is traditional. Metropolis, on the Ohio 
River, is the county seat. It was laid off in 1839, 
although Ma.ssac County was not separately 
organized until 1843. At Massac City may be 
seen the ruins of the early French fort of that 
name. 

MASSAC COUNTY REBELLION, the name 
commonly given to an outbreak of mob violence 
which occurred in Massac County, in 1845-46. An 
arrested criminal having asserted that an organ- 
ized band of thieves an<l robbers existed, and 
having given the names of a large number of f he 



alleged members, popular excitement rose to 
fever heat. A company of self-apix)inted "regu- 
lators" was formed, whose acts were so .arbitrary 
that, at the August election of 1846, a Sheriff and 
County Clerk were elected on the avowed issue 
of opposition to these irregular tactics. This 
served to stimulate the "regulators" to renewed 
activity. Slany persons were forced to leave the 
county on suspicion, and others tortured into 
making confession. In consequence, .some leading 
"regulators" were thrown into jail, only to be soon 
released by their friends, who ordered the Sheriff 
and County Clerk to leave the county. The feud 
rapidly grew, both in proportions and in inten- 
sity. Governor French made two futile efforts to 
restore order through mediation, and the ordinary 
processes of law were also found unavailing. 
Judge Scales was threatened with lynching 
Only 60 men dared to serve in the Sheriff's posse, 
and these surrendered ujion promise of personal 
immunity from violence. This pledge was not 
regarded, several members of the posse being led 
away as prisoners, some of wliom, it was believed, 
were drowned in the Ohio River. All the incarcer- 
ated "regulators" were again released, the Sheriff 
and his supporters were once more ordered to 
leave, and fresh seizures and outrages followed 
each other in quick succession. To remedy this 
condition of affairs, the Legislature of 1847 enacted 
a law creating district courts, under the provi- 
sions of which a Judge might hold court in any 
county in his circuit. This virtually conferred 
upon the Judge the right to change the venue at 
his own discretion, and thus secure juries unbiased 
by local or partisan feeling. The effect of this 
legislation was highly beneficial in restoring 
quiet, although the embers of the feud still 
smoldered and intermittently leaped into flame 
for several years thereafter. 

M.VTHENY, Charles R., pioneer, was born in 
Loudoun County. Va., March 6, 1786. licensed as a 
Methodist preacher, in Kentucky, and, in 1805, 
came to St. Clair Count}' (then in Indiana Terri- 
tory), as a missionarj'. Later, he studied law and 
was admitted to the bar; served in the Third 
Territorial (1817) and the Second State Legisla- 
tures (1820-22); removed, in 1821, to the newly 
organized county of Sangamon, where he was 
appointed the first County Clerk, remaining in 
office eighteen years, also for some years holding, 
at the same time, the offices of Circuit Clerk, 
Recorder and Prolxite Judge. Died, while 
County Clerk, in 1839.— Noah W. (Matheny). son 
of the preceding, was bom in St. Clair County, 111., 
Julv 31 1815; was assistant of his father in the 



356 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



County Clerk's office in Sangamon County, and, 
on the death of the latter, (November, 1839), was 
elected his successor, and re-elected for eight con- 
secutive terms, serving until 1873. Died, April 
30, 1877. — James H. (Matheny), another son, 
born Oct. 30, 1818, in St. Clair County ; served in 
his youth as Clerk in various local offices ; was a 
member of the Constitutional Convention of 1847, 
elected Circuit Clerk in 1852, at the close of his 
term beginning the practice of law; was com- 
missioned Lieutenant-Colonel of the One Hundred 
and Fourteenth Illinois Volunteers, in October, 
1863, and, after the siege of Vicksburg, served as 
Judge Advocate until July, 1864, when he 
resigned. He then returned to his profession, 
but, in 1873, was elected County Judge of Sanga- 
mon County, holding the office by repeated re- 
elections until his death, Sept. 7, 1890,— having 
resided in Springfield 68 years. 

MATHER, Thomas, pioneer merchant, was 
born, April 34, 1795, at Simsbury, Hartford 
County, Conn. ; in early manhood was engaged 
for a time in business in New York City, but, in 
the spring of 1818, came to Kaskaskia, 111., where 
he soon after became associated in business with 
James L. Lamb and others. This firm was 
afterwards quite extensively engaged in trade 
with New Orleans. Later he became one of the 
founders of the town of Chester. In 1830 Mr. 
Mather was elected to the lower branch of the 
Second General Assembly from Randolph 
County, was re-elected to the Third (serving for 
a part of the session as Speaker), and again to the 
Fourth, but, before the expiration of his last term, 
resigned to accept an appointment from Presi- 
dent John Quincy Adams as Commissioner to 
locate the military road from Independence to 
Santa Fe, and to conclude treaties with the 
Indians along the line. In the Legislature of 
1823 he was one of the most determined oppo- 
nents of the scheme for securing a pro-slavery 
Constitution. In 1838 he was again elected to 
the House and, in 1833, to the Senate for a term 
01 four years. He also served as Colonel on the 
staff of Governor Coles, and was supported for the 
United States Senate, to fill the vacancy caused 
by the death of John McLean, in 1830. Having 
removed to Springfield in 183.5, he became promi- 
nent in business affairs there in connection with 
his former partner, Mr. James L. Lamb ; in 1837 
was appointed a member of the first Board of 
Fund Commissioners for the State under the 
internal improvement system ; also served seven 
years as President of the Springfield branch of 
the State Bank; was connected, as a stock- 



holder, with the construction of the Sangamon & 
Morgan (now Wabash) Railroad, extending from 
Springfield to the Illinois river at Naples, and 
was also identified, financially, with the old Chi- 
cago & Galena Union Railroad. From 1835 until 
his death, Colonel Mather served as one of the 
Trustees of Illinois College at Jacksonville, and 
was a liberal contributor to the endowment of 
that institution. His death occurred during a 
visit to Philadelphia, March 38, 1853. 

MATTESON, Joel Aldrich, ninth regularly 
elected Governor of Illinois (18.53-57), was born 
in Watertown, N. Y., August 8, 1808; after some 
experience in business and as a teacher, in 1831 
he went to South Carolina, where he was foreman 
in the construction of the first railroad in that 
State. In 1834 he removed to Illinois, where he 
became a contractor on the Illinois & Michigan 
Canal, and also engaged in manufacturing at 
Joliet. After serving three terms in the State 
Senate, he was elected Governor in 1853, and, in 
1855, was defeated by Lyman Trumbull for the 
United States Senatorship. At the close of his 
gubernatorial term he was complimented by the 
Legislature, and retired to private life a popular 
man. Later, there were developed grave scandals 
in connection with the refunding of certain 
canal scrip, with which his name — unfortunately 
— was connected. He turned over property to 
the State of the value of nearly .5250,000, for its 
indemnification. He finally took up his resi- 
dence in Chicago, and later spent considerable 
time in travel in Europe. He was for many 
years the lessee and President of the Chicago & 
Alton Railroad. Died in Chicago, Jan. 31, 1873. 

MATTHEWS, Asa C, ex-Comptroller of the 
United States Treasury, was born in Pike County, 
111., March 33, 1833; graduated from Illinois Col- 
lege in 18.55, and was admitted to the bar three 
years later. Upon the outbreak of the Civil War, 
he abandoned a remunerative practice at Pitts- 
field to enlist in the army, and was elected and 
commissioned a Captain in the Ninety ninth Illi- 
nois Volunteers. He rose to the rank of Colonel, 
being mustered out of the service in August, 
1865. He was appointed Collector of Internal 
Revenue in 1869, and Supervisor for the District 
composed of Illinois, Wisconsin and Michigan, in 
1875. Being elected to the Thirtieth General 
Assembly in 1876, he resigned his office, and was 
re-elected to the Legislature in 1878. On the 
death of Judge Higbee, Governor Hamilton 
appointed Mr. Matthews to fill the vacancy thus 
created on the bench of the Sixth Circuit, his 
term expiring in 1885. In 1888 he was elected to 



rnsToiacAL excyclopedia of illixois. 



357 



the Thirty-sixth General Assembly and was 
chosen Speaker of the House. In May, 1889, 
President Harrison named him First Comp- 
troller of the United States Treasury, and the 
House, by a unanimous vote, expressed its grati- 
iication at his selection. Since retiring from 
office. Colonel Matthews has devoted his attention 
to the practice of his profession at Pittstield. 

MATTHEWS, Milton W., lawyer and journal- 
ist, was born in Clark Count}'. 111., March 1, 1846, 
educated in the common schools, and. near the 
close of the war, served in a 100-days' regiment; 
began teaching in Champaign County in 1865, 
studied law and was admitted to the bar in 1867; 
in 187;} was appointed blaster in Chancery, served 
two terms as Prosecuting Attorney, and, in 1888, 
was elected to the State Senate, meanwhile, from 
1879. discharging the duties of editor of "The 
Champaign County Herald," of which he was 
also pi-oprietor. During his last session in the 
State Senate (1891-92) he served as President pro 
tern, of that body; was also President of the 
State Press Association and served on the staff of 
Governor Fifer, with the rank of Colonel of the 
Illinois National Guard. Died, at Urbana, May 
10, 1892. 

MATTOON, an important city in Coles County, 
172 miles west of south from Chicago and .")6 miles 
west of Terre Haute, Ind. ; a point of junction for 
three lines of railway, and an important shipping 
point for corn and broom corn, which are both 
extensively grown in the surrounding region. It 
has several banks, foundries, machine shops, 
brick and tileworks, flour-mills, grain-elevators, 
with two daily and four weekly newspapers ; also 
has good graded schools and a high school. The 
repair shops of the Cleveland, Cincinnati. Chi- 
cago & St. Louis Railroad are located here. 
Population (1890), O.sii:!; (lyoo), y,623. 

MAXWELL, Philip, M.D., pioneer physician, 
was born at Guilford. Vt., April 3, 1799, graduated 
in medicine and practiced for a time at Sacketfs 
Harbor, also serving in the New York Legisla- 
ture; was appointed Assistant Surgeon at Fort 
Dearborn, in 1833. remaining intil the abandon- 
ment of the fort at the end of 1836. In 1838 he 
was promoted Surgeon, and served with Gen. 
Zachary Taylor in the campaign against the Semi- 
noles in Florida, but resumed private practice in 
Chicago in 1814; served two terms as Represent- 
ative in the (Jeneral Assembly (1848-52) and, in 
1855, settled on the shores of Lake Geneva, Wis. , 
where he dieil. Nov. 5, 18.59. 

MAY, William L., early lawyer and Congress- 
man, was born in Kentucky, came at an early day 



to Edwardsville, III., and afterwards to Jackson- 
ville; was elected from Morgan County to the 
Sixth General Assembly (1828), and the next year 
removed to Springfield, having been appointed by 
President Jackson Receiver of Public iloneys for 
the Land Office there. He %vas twice elected to 
Congress (1834 and '36), the first year defeating 
Benjamin Mills, a brilliant lawyer of Galena. 
Later, May became a resident of Peoria, but 
finally removed to California, where he died. 

MAYO, Walter L., legislator, was born in Albe- 
marle County Va., March 7, 1810; came to 
Edwards County, 111., in 1828, and began teach- 
ing. He took part in the Black Hawk War 
(1831-32), being appointed by Governor Reynolds 
Quartermaster of a battalion organized in that 
section of the State. He had previously been 
appointed County Clerk of Edwards County to fill 
a vacancy, and continued, by successive re-elec- 
tions, to occupy the position for thirty-seven 
years — also acting, for a portion of the time, as 
Circuit Clerk, Judge of Probate and County Treas- 
urer. In 1870 he was elected Representative in 
the Twenty-seventh General Assembly for the 
Edwards County District. On the evening of Jan. 
18, 1878, he mysteriously disappeared, having 
been last seen at the Union Depot at East St. 
Louis, when about to take the train for his home 
at Albion, and is supposed to have been secretly 
murdered. No trace of his body or of the crime 
was ever discovered, and the affair has remained 
one of the mysteries of the criminal history of 
Illinois. 

MAYWOOD, a village of Cook County, and 
suburb of Chicago, 10 miles west of that city, on 
the Chicago & Northwestern and the Chicago 
Great Western Railways; has churches, two 
weekly newspapers, public schools and some 
manufactures. Po|)ulation (1900), 4,532. 

McAllister, Willlam K., jurist, was born in 
Washington County, N. Y., in 1818. After 
admission to the bar he commenced practice at 
Albion, N. Y., and. in 1854, removed to Chicago. 
In 1866 he was a candidate for the bench of the 
Superior Court of that city, but was defeated by 
Judge Jameson. Two years later he was chosen 
Judge of the Recorder's Court, and, in 1870, was 
elected a Justice of the Supreme Court, which 
position he resigned in 1875, having been elected 
a Judge of the Circuit Court of Cook County to 
fill a vacancy. He was re-elected for a full term 
and assigned to Appellate Court duty in 1879. 
He was elected for a third time in 1885, but, 
before the expiration of his term, he died. Oct. 
29, 1888. 



358 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



McARTHUR, John, soldier, was born in Ers- 
kine, Scotland, Nov. 17, 1826; worked at his 
father's trade of blacksmith until 23 j-ears old, 
when, coming to the United States, he settled in 
Chicago. Here he became foreman of a boiler- 
making establishment, later acquiring an estab- 
lishment of his own. Ilaving joined the Twelfth 
Illinois Volunteers at the beginning of the war, 
with a company of which he was Captain, he 
was chosen Lieutenant-Colonel, still later Colonel, 
and, in March, 1802, promoted to Brigadier-Gen- 
eral for gallantry in the assault on Fort Donelson, 
where he commanded a brigade. At Shiloh he 
was wounded, but after having his wound dressed, 
returned to the fight and succeeded to the com- 
mand of the Second Division when Gen. W. H. L. 
Wallace fell mortally wounded. He commanded 
a division of McPlierson's corps in the operations 
against Vicksburg, and bore a conspicuous part in 
the battle of Nashville, where he commanded a 
divi.sion under Gen. A. J. Smith, winning a brevet 
Major-Generalship by his gallantry. General 
McArthur was Postmaster of Chicago from 1873 
to 1877. 

McCAtiti, Ezra Butler, lawyer, was born at 
Kinderhook, N Y. , Nov. 22, 1825 ; studied law at 
Hudson, and, coming to Chicago in 1847, entered 
the law office of J. Yoimg Scammon, soon after- 
wards becoming a member of the firm of Scam- 
mon & SlcCagg. During the war Jlr. McCagg 
was an active member of the United States Sani- 
tary Commission, and (for some years after the 
fire of 1871) of the Relief and Aid Society; is also 
a life-member and ofiicer of the Chicago Histori- 
cal Society, besides being identified with several 
State and municipal boards. His standing in his 
profession is shown by the fact tliat he has been 
more than once offered a non-partisan nomina- 
tion for Justice of the Supreme Court, but has de- 
clined. He occupies a high rank in literarj- circles, 
as well as a connoisseur in art, and is the owner of a 
large private library collected since the destruction 
of one of the best in the West by the fire of 1871. 

McCartney, James, lawyer and ex-Attorney 
General, was born of Scotch parentage in the 
north of Ireland, Feb. 14, 1835; at two years of 
age was brought to the United States and, until 
1845, resided in Pennsylvania, when his parents 
removed to Trumbull County, Ohio. Here he 
spent his youth in general farm work, meanwhile 
attending a high school and finally engaging in 
teaching. In 1856 he began the study of law at 
Warren, Ohio, which he continued a year later in 
the office of Harding & Reed, at Monmoutli, 111. ; 
was admitted to the bar in Jaiiuarv, 1858. and 



began practice at Monmouth, removing the fol- 
lowing year to Galva. In April, 1861, he enlisted 
in what afterwards became the Seventeenth 
Regiment Illinois Volunteers, was commissioned 
a First Lieutenant, but, a year later, was com- 
pelled to resign on account of ill-health. A few 
months later he re-enlisted in the One Hundred 
and Twelfth Illinois, being soon promoted to a 
captaincy, although serving much of the time as 
Judge Advocate on courts-martial, and, for one 
year, as Acting Assistant Adjutant-General in the 
Army of the Ohio. At the conclusion of his term 
of service in the army, he resumed the practice 
of his profession at Fairfield, 111. ; in 1880 was 
nominated and elected, as a Republican, Attorney- 
General of the State, and, during his last year in 
office, began the celebrated "Lake Front suits" 
which finally terminated successfully fur the 
city of Chicago. Since retiring from office. Gen- 
eral McCartney has been engaged in the practice 
of his profession, chiefly in Springfield and Chi- 
cago, having been a resident of the latter city 
since 1890. 

McCartney, Robert Wilson, lawyer and 
jurist, was born in Trumbull County, Ohio, 
JIarch lit, 1843, spent a portion of his boyhood in 
Pennsylvania, afterwards returning to Youngs- 
town, Ohio, where he enlisted as a private in the 
Sixth Ohio Cavalry. He was severely wounded 
at the battle of Gettysburg, lying two days and 
nights on the field and endui-ing untold suffering. 
As soon as able to take the field he was commis- 
sioned, by Governor Curtin, a Captain in the 
Eighty -third Pennsylvania Volunteers, serving in 
the army of the Potomac to the close of the war, 
and taking jiart in the grand review at Washing- 
ton in May, 1865. After the war he took a course 
in a business college at Pittsburg, removed to 
Cleveland and began the study of law, but soon 
came to Illinois, and, having completed his law 
studies with his brotlier, J. T. McCartney, at 
Metropolis, was admitted to the bar in 1868 ; also 
edited a Republican paper there, became inter- 
ested in lumber manufacture and was one of the 
founders of the First National Bank of that city. 
In 1873 he was elected County Judge of Massac 
County, serving nine years, when (1882) he was 
elected Representative in the Thirty-third Gen- 
eral Assembl}'. At the close of his term in the 
Legislature he was elected Judge of the Circuit 
Court for the first Circiiit, serving from 1885 to 
1891. Died, Oct. 27, 1898. Judge McCartney 
was able, public-spirited and patriotic. The city 
of Jletropolis owes to him the Free Public Library 
bearing his name. 



HISTORICAL p:NCYrLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



."359 



HcCLAVGHRY, Robert Wilson, penologist, 
was born at I'ountain (iieen, llanoock County, 
111., July 2-i. 1839, being descended from Scotch- 
Irish ancestry — liis grandfather, who was a native 
of the North of Ireland, Iiaving come to America 
in his youtli and served in the War of the Revolu- 
tion. Tlie subject of this sketch grew up on a 
farm, attending school in the winter until 18.'j4. 
then spent the next two winters at an academy, 
and. in 18,')G, tegan a course in Monmouth Oil 
lege, where he graduated in 18G0. The following 
yeiir ho spent as instructor in Latin in the same 
institution, but, in 1861, became editor of "Tlie 
Carthage Republican," a Democratic paper, 
which he made a strong advocate of the catise of 
the Union, meanwhile, both by his pen and on 
the stump, encouraging enlistments in tlio army. 
About the first of July, 1802, having disposed of 
his interest in the paper, ho enlisted in a company 
of wliich lie was unanimously cliosen Captain, 
and wliich, with four other companies organized 
in tlio same section, became the nucleus of the 
One Ilundred and Eighteenth Illinois Volunteers. 
The regiment having been completed at Camp 
Butler, he was elected Major, and going to the 
field in the following fall, took part in General 
Slierman's first movement against Vicksburg by 
way of Chickasaw Bayou, in December. 1862. 
Later, as a member of Osterliaus' Division of Gen- 
eral McClernand's corps, he particijiated with his 
regiment in the capture of Arkansas Post, and in 
the operations against Vicksburg which resulted 
in the capture of that strongliold, in July, 1863. 
He then joined the Department of the Gulf under 
command of General Banks, but was compelled 
by sickness to return nortli. Having sufficiently 
recovered, he spent a few montlis in the recruit- 
ing service (1864), but, in May of that year, was 
transferred, by order of President Lincoln, to the 
Pay Department, as Additional-Paymaster, with 
the rank of Major, being finally assigned to duty 
at Springfield, where lie remained, paying off Illi- 
nois regiments as mustered out of the service, 
imtil Oct. 13, 1805, when he was honorably dis- 
charged. A few weeks later he was elected 
County Clerk of Hancock County, serving four 
yeiirs. In the meantime lie engaged in tlie stone 
business, as head of the firm of R. W. McClaughry 
& Co., furnishing stone for the basement of the 
State Capitol at Springfield and for bridges across 
the Mississippi at Quincy and Keokuk — later 
being engaged in the same business at St. Gene- 
vieve, Mo., witli headquarters at St. Ijouis. Com- 
pelled to retire by failing health, lie took up his 
residence at Monmouth in 1873, but, in 1874, was 



called to the wardensliip of the State Peniten- 
tiary at Joliet. Here he remained until December, 
1888, when he resigned to accept the superin- 
tendency of the Industrial Reformatory at 
Huntingdon, Pa., but, in May, 1891, accepted 
from Mayor Washburnc; tlie position of Cliief of 
Police in Chicago, continuing in service, under 
Mayor Harrison, until August, 1893. when lie 
became Superintendent of the Illinois State 
Reformatory at Pontiac. Early in 1897 he was 
again offered and accepted the position of 'Warden 
of the Statt! Penitentiary at Joliet. Here he re- 
mained until 1899, wlien he received from Presi- 
dent JIcKinley the appointment of Warden of the 
Military Prison at Fort Leavenworth, Kan., 
which position he now (1899) occupies. Major Mc- 
Claughry 's administration of penal and reforma- 
tory institutions has been eminently satisfactoiy, 
and he lias taken rank as one of tlie most success- 
ful penologists in the country. 

McCLELL.V\, Robert H., lawyer and banker, 
was lK>rn in Washington Countj', N. Y. , Jan. 3. 
1823; graduated at Union College, Schenectady, 
in 1847, and tlien studied law with Hon. Martin I. 
Townsend, of Troy, being admitted to the bar in 
1850. The same year he removed to Galena, 111. ; 
during his first winter tliere, edited "The Galena 
Gazette," and the following spring formed a 
jjartnership with John M. Douglas, afterwards 
(Jeneral Solicitor and President of the Illinois 
Central Railroad, whicli ended with tlie removal 
of the latter to Chicago, when Mr McClellan 
succeeded him as local attorney of the road at 
Galena. In 1804 Mr. McClellan became President 
of the Bank of Galena — later the "National Bank 
of Galena"— remaining for over twenty years. 
He is also largely interested in local manufac- 
tories and financial institutions elewhere. He 
served as a Republican Representative in the 
Twenty -second General Assembly (1861-62). and 
as Senator (1876-80), and maintained a high rank 
as a sagacious and judicious legislator. Liberal, 
public-spirited and patriotic, his name has been 
prominently connected with all movements for 
tlie improvement of his locality and the advance- 
ment of tlie interests of tlie State. 

McCLERN.\>'D, John Alexander, a volunteer 
officer in the Civil War and prominent Demo- 
cratic politician, was born in Bre^'kenridge 
County, Ky., Jlay 30, 1812, brought to Shawnee- 
town in 1816. was admitted to the bar in 1832. 
and engaged in journalism for a time. He served 
in the Black Hawk War, and was elected to the 
Legi.slature in 1830. and again in 1840 and '42. 
The latter year he was elected to Congress, serv- 



360 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



ing four consecutive terms, but declining a 
renomination, being about to remove to Jackson- 
ville, where he resided from 1851 to 1850. Twice 
(18-10 and '53) he was a Presidential Elector on 
the Democratic ticket. In 1856 he removed to 
Springfield, and, in 1859, re-entered Congress as 
Representative of the Springfield District; was 
re-elected in 1860, but resigned in 1861 to accept 
a commission as Brigadier-General of Volunteers 
from President Lincoln, being promoted Major- 
General early in 1863. He participated in the 
battles of Belmont, Fort Donelson, Shiloh and 
before Vicksburg, and was in command at the 
capture of Arkansas Post, but was severely criti- 
cised for some of his acts during the Vicksburg 
campaign and relieved of his command by Gen- 
eral Grant. Having finally been restored by 
order of President Lincoln, he participated in the 
campaign in Louisiana and Texas, but resigned 
his commission in 1864. General McClernand 
presided over the Democratic National Conven- 
tion of 1876, and, in 1886, was appointed by Presi- 
dent Cleveland one of the members of the Utah 
Commission, serving through President Harri- 
son's administration. He was also elected 
Circuit Judge in 1870, as successor to Hon. B. S. 
Edwards, who had resigned. Died Sept. 30, 1900. 
McCLURti, Alexander C, soldier and pub- 
lisher, was born in Philadelphia but grew up in 
Pittsburg, where his father was an iron manu- 
facturer. He graduated at Jliami University. 
Oxford, Ohio., and, after studying law for a time 
with Chief Justice Lowrie of Pennsylvania, came 
to Chicago in 1859, and entered the bookstore of 
S. C. Griggs & Co., as a junior clerk. Early in 
1861 he enlisted as a private in tlie War of the 
Rebellion, but the quota of three-months' men 
being already full, his services were not accepted. 
In August, 1863, he became a member of the 
"Crosby Guards," afterwards incorporated in the 
Eiglity -eighth Illinois Infantry (Second Board of 
Trade Regiment), and was unanimously elected 
Captain of Company H. After the battle of 
Perr3'ville, he was detailed as Judge Advocate at 
Nashville, and, in the following year, offered the 
position of Assistant Adjutant-General on the 
staff of General McCook, afterwards serving in a 
similar capacity on the staffs of Generals Tliomas, 
Sheridan and Baird. He took part in the defense 
of Cliattanooga and, at the battle of Missionary 
Ridge, had two horses shot under him ; was also 
with the Fourteenth Army Corps in the Atlanta 
campaign, and, at the request of Gen. Jefl'. C. 
Davis, was promoted to the rank of Colonel and 
brevetted Brigadier-General — later, being pre- 



sented with a sword bearing tlie names of the 
principal battles in whicli he was engaged, 
besides being especially complimented in letters 
by Generals Sherman, Thomas, Baird, Mitchell, 
Davis and others. He was invited to enter the 
regular army at the close of the war, but pre- 
ferred to return to private life, and resumed his 
former position with S. C. Griggs & Co., soon 
after becoming a junior partner in the concern, 
of which he has since become tlie chief. In the 
various mutations through which tliis extensive 
firm has gone. General McClurg has been a lead- 
ing factor until now (and since 1887) he stands 
at the head of the most extensive publishing firm 
west of New York. 

McCONiVEL, Murray, pioneer and lawyer, was 
born in Orange County, N. Y., Sept. 5, 1798, and 
educated in the common schools; left home at 
14 years of age and, after a year at Louisville, 
spent several years flat-boating, trading and 
hunting in the West, during this period visiting 
Arkansas, Texas and Kansas, finally settling on a 
farm near Herculaneum, Mo. In 1833 he located 
in Scott (then a part of Morgan) County, 111., but 
when the town of Jacksonville was laid out, 
became a citizen of that place. During the Black 
Hawk War (July and August, 1833), he served on 
the staff of Gen. J. D. Henry with the rank of 
Major ; in 1837 was appointed by Governor Dun- 
can a member of the Board of Public Works for 
the First Judicial District, in this capacity having 
charge of the construction of the railroad between 
Meredosia and Springfield (then known as the 
Northern Cross Railroad) — the first public rail- 
road built in the State, and the only one con- 
structed during the "internal improvement" era 
following 1837. He also held a commission from 
Governor French as Major-General of State Mi- 
litia, in 1855 was appointed by President Pierce 
Fifth Auditor of the Treasury Department, but 
retired in 1859. In 1833, on his return from 
tlie Black Hawk War, he was elected a Repre- 
sentative in the State Legislature from Morgan 
County, and, in 1864, was elected to the State 
Senate for the District composed of Morgan, 
Menard, Cass, Schuyler and Brown Counties, 
serving until 1868. Though previously a Demo- 
crat and a delegate to the Democratic National 
Convention of 1860, he was an earnest supporter 
of the war policy of the Government, and was 
one of four Democratic Senators, in the General 
Assembly of 1865, who voted for the ratification 
of the Thirteenth Amendment of the National 
Constitution, prohibiting slavery in the United 
States. His death occurred by assassination, by 



IIISTOKICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



361 



some unknown person, in liis office at Jackson- 
ville. Feb. 9, lyua.— John Ludliim (McConnel), 
son of the preceding, was born in Jacksonville, 
111., Nov. 11, 18-l>. stndieil law and graiiiiated at 
Transylvania Law School; in 1846 enlisted as a 
private in the Mexican War, became First Lieu- 
tenant and was promoted Captain after the battle 
of Buena Vista, where he was twice wounded. 
After the war he returned to Jacksonville and 
wrote several books illustrative of Western life 
and character, which were pul)lished between 
1850 and 1853. At the time of his death— Jan. 
17. 1862 — he was engaged in the preparation of a 
"History of Early Explorations in America," hav- 
ing special reference to the labors of the early 
Roman Catholic missionaries. 

McCONNELL, (Gen). John, soldier, was born 
in Madison County, N. Y., Dec. 5, 1824, and came 
with his parents to Illinois when about sixteen 
years of age. His father (James McConnell) was 
a native of Ireland, who came to the United 
States shortly before tlie War of 1812, and, after 
remaining in New York until 1840, came to San- 
gamon County, 111., locating a few miles south of 
Springfield, where he engaged extensively in 
sheep-raising. He was an enterprising and pro- 
gressive agriculturist, and was one of the founders 
of the State Agricultur.al Society, being President 
of the Convention of 18.52 which resulted in its 
organization. His death took place, Jan. 7, 1867. 
The subject of this sketch was engaged with his 
father and brothers in the farming and stock 
business until 1861, when he raised a company 
for the Third Illinois Cavalry, of which he was 
elected Captain, was later promoted Major, serv- 
ing until March, 1863, during that time taking 
part in some of the important battles of the war 
in Southwest Missouri, including Pea Ridge, and 
was highly complimented by his commander. 
Gen. G. M. Dodge, for bravery. Some three 
months after leaving the Third Cavalry, he was 
commissioned by Governor Yates Colonel of the 
Fifth Illinois Cavalry, and, in March, 1865. was 
commissioned Brevet Brigadier-General, his com- 
mission being signed by President Lincoln on 
April 14, 1863, the morning preceding the night 
of his assassination. During the latter part of 
his service. General McConnell was on <luty in 
Texas, being finally mustered out in October. 
1865. After the <leath of his father, and until 
1879. he continued in the bu.sinessof sheep-raising 
and farming, being for a time the owner of 
several extensive farms in Sangamon County, 
but, in 1879, engaged in the insurance business 
in Springfield, where lie died. March 14, 1898. 



McConnell, Samuel P., .son of the preceding, 
was bom at SpringfieUl, 111., on July 5, 1849. 
After completing his literary studies ho read law 
at Springfield in the office of Stuart, Edwards & 
Brown, and was admitted to the bar in 1872, soon 
after establishing himself in practice in Chicago. 
After various partnerships, in which he was a.sso- 
ciated with leading lawyers of Chicago, be wiis 
elected Judge of the Cook County Circuit Court, 
in 1889, to fill the vacancy caused by the death of 
Judge W. K. McAllister, serving until 1894, when 
he resigned to give his attention to private prac- 
tice. Although one of the youngest Judges upon 
the bench. Judge McConnell was called upon, 
soon after his election, to preside at the trial of 
the conspirators in the celeorated Cronin murder 
case, in which he displayed great ability. He has 
also had charge, as presiding Judge, of a number 
of civil suits of great importance affecting cor- 
porations. 

McCORMICK, Cyrns Hall, inventor and manu- 
facturer, born in Rockbridge County, Va.. Feb. 15, 
1809. In youth he manifested unusual mechani- 
cal ingenuity, and early began attempts at the 
manufacture of some device for cutting grain, his 
first finished machine being produced in 1831. 
Though he had been manufacturing for years 
in a small way, it was not until 1844 that his 
first machine was shipped to the West, and, 
in 1847, he came to Chicago with a view to 
establishing its manufacture in the heart of the 
region where its use would be most in demand. 
One of his early partners in the business was 
William B. Ogden, afterwards so widely known 
in connection with Chicago's railroad history. 
The business grew on his bands until it became 
one of tlie largest manufacturing interests in the 
United States. Mr. McCormick was a Democrat, 
and, in 1860, he bouglit "The Chicago Times." 
and having united it with "The Herald," which 
he already owned, a few months later sold the 
con.solidated concern to Wilbur F. Storey. "The 
Interior," the Northwestern mouthpiece of the 
Presbyterian faith, had been founded by a joint 
stock-company in 1870, but was burned out in 
1871 and removed to Cincinnati. In January, 
1872, it was returned to Chicago, and, at the 
beginning of the following year, it became the 
property of Mr. McCormick in conjunction with 
Dr. Gray, who has been its editor and manager 
ever since. Mr. McCormick's most liberal work 
was undoubtedly the endowment of the Presby- 
terian Theological Seminary in Chicago, which 
goes by his name. His death occurred. May 13, 
1884, after a business life of almost unprece- 



362 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



dented success, and after conferring upon the 
agriculturists of the country a boon of inestimable 
value. 

Mccormick theological seminary, a 

Presbyterian school of theology in Chicago, be- 
ing the outgrowth of an institution originally con- 
nected with Hanover College, Ind., in 1830. In 
ISSO the late Cyrus H. McCormick donated $100,- 
000 to the school, and it was removed to Chicago, 
wliere it was opened in September, with a class 
of fifteen students. Since then nearly 8300.000 
have been contributed toward a building fund by 
Mr. McCormick and his heirs, besides numerous 
donations to the same end made by others. The 
number of buildings is nine, four being for the 
general purposes of the institution (including 
dormitories), and five being houses for the pro- 
fessors. The course of instruction covers three 
annual terms of seven months eacli, and includes 
didactic and polemic theology, biblical and 
ecclesiastical hi.story, sacred rhetoric and pastoral 
theology, church government and the sacra- 
ments, New Testament literature and exegesis, 
apologetics and missions, and liomiletics. The 
faculty consists of eight professors, one adjunct 
professor, and one instructor in elocution and 
vocal culture. Between 200 and 300 students are 
enrolled, including post-graduates. 

McCULLOCH, David, lawyer and jurist, was 
born in Cumberland County, Pa., Jan. 25, 1832; 
received his academic education at Marshall Col- 
lege, Mercersburg, Pa. , graduating in the class of 
1853. Then, after spending some six months as 
a teacher in his native village, he came west, 
arriving at Peoria early in 1853. Here he con- 
ducted a private school for two years, when, in 
1855, he began the study of law in the office of 
Manning & Merriman, being admitted to the bar 
in 1857. Soon after entering upon his law studies 
he was elected School Commissioner for Peoria 
County, serving, by successive re-elections, three 
terms (1855-61). At the close of this period he 
was taken into partnership with his old precep- 
tor, Julius Manning, who died, July 4, 1863. In 
18T7 he was elected Circuit Judge for the Eighth 
Circuit, under the law authorizing the increase of 
Judges in each circuit to three, and was re- 
elected in 1879, serving until 1885. Six years of 
this period were spent as a Justice of the Appellate 
Court for the Third Appellate District. On 
retiring from the bench. Judge McCuUoch entered 
into partnership with his son, E. D. McCulloch, 
which is still maintained. Politically, Judge 
McCulloch was reared as a Democrat, but during 
the Civil War became a Republican. Since 1886 



he lias been identified with the Prohibition Party, 
although, as the result of questions arising during 
the Spanish-American War, giving a cordial 
support to the policy of President McKinley. In 
religious views he is a Presbyterian, and is a mem- 
ber of the Board of Directors of the McCormick 
Theological Seminary at Cliicago. 

MiCULLOUOH, James Skiles, Auditor of 
Public Accounts, was born in Mercersburg, 
Franklin County, Pa., May 4, 1843; in 1854 came 
with his father to Urbana, 111., and grew up on a 
farm in that vicinity, receiving such education as 
could be obtained in the public schools. In 1863, 
at the age of 19 years, he enlisted as a private in 
Company G, Seventy -sixth Illinois Volunteer 
Infantry, and served during the next three years 
in the Departments of the Jlississippi and the Gulf, 
meanwhile participating in the campaign against 
Vicksburg, and, near the close of the war, in the 
operations about Mobile. On the 9th of April, 
1865, while taking part in the assault on Fort 
Blakely, near Mobile, his left arm was torn to 
pieces by a gi-ape-shot, compelling its amputation 
near the shoulder. His final discharge occurred 
in July, 186.5. Returning home he spent a year in 
school at Urbana, after which he was a student in 
the Soldiers" College at Fulton, 111., for two years. 
He then (1868) entered the office of the County 
Clerk of Champaign County as a deputj-, remain- 
ing until 1873, when he was chosen Count}' Clerk, 
serving by successive re-elections until 1896. The 
latter year he received the nomination of the 
Republican Party for Auditor of Public Accounts, 
and, at the November election, was elected by a 
plurality of 138,000 votes over his Democratic 
opponent. He was serving his sixth term as 
County Clerk when chosen Auditor, having 
received the nomination of his party on each 
occasion without opposition. 

McDAXXOLI), John J., lawyer and ex-Con- 
gressman, was born in Brown County, 111., August 
29, 1851, acquired his early education in the com- 
mon schools of his native county and in a private 
school ; graduated from the Law Department of 
the Iowa State University in 1874, and was 
admitted to the bar In Illinois tlie same year, 
commencing practice at Mount Sterling. In 1885 
he was made Master in Chancery, in 1886, elected 
County Judge, and re-elected in 1890, resigning 
his seat in October, 1892, to accept an election by 
the Democrats of the Twelfth Illinois District as 
Representative in the Fifty-third Congress. 
After retiring from Congress (March 4, 1895), Mr. 
McDannold removed to Chicago, where he 
engaged in the practice of his profession. 



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HISTORICAL EXCYCLOPEBIA OF ILLINOIS. 



363 



McDONOUfiH COr>'TY, organized under an 
act i)assed, Jan. 2.5, 182G, and attached, for judicial 
purposes, to Schuyler County until 1830. Its 
present area is 580 stjuare miles — named in honor 
of Commodore lIcDonough. The first settlement 
in the county was at Industry, on the site of 
which William Carter (the pioneer of the 
county) built a cabin in 1826. James and John 
Vance and William Job settled in the vicinity in 
the following ye.'vr. Out of this settlement grew 
Blandinsville. William Pennington located on 
Spring Creek in IS2S, and, in 1831, James M. 
Cami)l)ell erected the first frame house on the 
site of the present city of Macomb. The first 
sermon, preached by a Protestant minister in the 
county, was delivered in the Job settlement V)y 
Rev. John Logan, a Baptist. Among the early 
officers were John Huston, County Treasurer; 
AVilliam South wanl. Sheriff; Peter Hale, Coro- 
ner, and Jesse Bartlett, Surveyor. The first 
term of the Circuit Court was held in 1830, and 
presided over by Hon. Richard M. Young. The 
first railway to cross the county was the Chicago, 
Burlington & Quincy (1857). Since then other 
lines have penetrated it, and there are numerous 
railroad centers and shipping points of consider- 
able importance. Population (1880), 2.j,037; 
(1890), 27,467; (1900), 28,412. 

MoDOrCJALL, James Alexander, lawyer and 
United States Senator, was born in Bethlehem. 
Albany County, N. Y., Nov. 19, 1817; educated 
at the Albany grammar school, studied law and 
settled in Pike County, 111., in 1837; was Attor- 
ney-General of Illinois four }-ears (1843-47); then 
engaged in engineering and, in 1849, organized 
and led an exploring expedition to tlie Rio del 
Norte, Gila and Colorado Rivers, finally settling 
at San Francisco and engaging in the practice of 
law. In 18.j0 he was elected Attornej" -General of 
California, served several terms in the State 
Legislature, and, in 18.52, was chosen, as a Demo- 
crat, to Congress, but declined a re-election; in 
1860 was elected L'nited States Senator from Cali- 
fornia, serving as a War Democrat until 1867. 
At the expiration of his senatorial term he retired 
to Albany, N. Y., where he died, Sept. 3, 1867. 
Though somewhat irregular in habits, he was. at 
times, a brilliant and effective speaker, and, dur- 
ing the War of the Rebellion, rendered valuable 
aid to the Union cause. 

McFARLAXD, Andrew, M.D., alienist, was 
lx)m in Concord, N. H., July M, 1817, graduated 
at Jefferson Medical College. Philadelphia, in 
1841, and, after being engaged in general practice 
for a few vears. was invited to as.sume the man- 



agement of the New Hampshire Asylum for the 
Insane at Concord. Here he remained some 
eight years, during which he acquired consider- 
able reputation in the treatment of nervous and 
mental disorders. In 18-54 he was offered and 
accepted the position of Medical Superintendent 
of the Illinois State (now Central) Hosjjital for 
the Insane at Jacksonville, entering vipon his 
duties in June of that year, and continuing his 
connection with that institution for a ]>eriod of 
more than sixteen years. Having resigned his 
position in the State Hospital in June, 1870, he 
soon after established the Oaklawn Retreat, at 
Jacksonville, a private institution for the treat- 
ment of insane patients, which he conducted 
with a great degree of success, and with which 
he was a.ssociated during the remainder of his 
life, dying, Nov, 22, 1891. Dr. McFarland"s serv- 
ices were in freiiuent reijuest as a medical expert 
in ca.ses before the courts, invariabl}-, however, 
on the side of the defense. The last case in which 
he appeared as a witness was at the trial of Charles 
F. (luiteau. the assassin of President Garfield, 
wliom he believed to be insane. 

McG.iHEY, David, settled in Crawford County, 
111., in 1817, and served as Representative from 
that County in the Third and Fourth General 
.Assemblies (1822-26), and as Senator in the 
Eighth and Ninth (1832-36). Although a native 
of Tennessee. Mr. McGahey was a strong opponent 
of slavery, and, at the session of 1822, was one of 
tliose who voted against the pro-slavery Constitu- 
tion resolution. He continued to reside in Law- 
rence County until his death in 1851. — James D. 
(McGahey), a son of the preceding, was elected 
to the Ninth General Assembly from Crawford 
County, in 1834, but died during his term of 
service. 

McGAXX, Lawrence Edward, ex-Congressman, 
was born in Ireland, Feb. 2, 1852. His father 
having died in 1884, the following year his 
mother emigrated to the United States, settling 
at Milford, Mass., where he attended the public 
schools. In 1865 he came to Chicago, and. for 
fourteen years, found employment as a shoe- 
maker. In 1879 he entered the municipal service 
as a clerk, and, on Jan. 1. 1885, was appointed 
City Superintendent of Streets, resigning in May, 
1891. He was elected in 1892, as a Democrat, to 
represent the Second Illinois District in the 
Fifty -second Congress, and re-elected to the Fifty- 
third. In 1894 he was a candidate for re election 
and received a certificate of election hj' a small 
majority over Hugh R. Belknap (Republican). 
An« investigation having shown his defeat, he 



364 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



magnanimously surrendered his seat to his com- 
petitor without a contest. He has large business 
interests in Chicago, especially in street railroad 
property, being President of an important elec- 
tric Une. 

McHEXRY, a village in McHenry County, situ- 
ated on the Fox River and the Chicago & North- 
western Railway. The river is here navigable for 
steamboats of light draft, which ply between the 
town and Fox Lake, a favorite resort for sports- 
men. The town has bottling works, a creamerv, 
marble and granite works, cigar factory, flour 
mills, brewery, bank, four churches, and one 
weekly paper. Pop. (1890), 979; (1900), 1 013. 

McHENRY, William, legislator and soldier of 
the Black Hawk War, came from Kentucky to 
Illinois in 1809, locating in White County, and 
afterwards became prominent as a legislator and 
soldier in the War of 1812, and in the Black Hawk 
War of 1833, serving in the latter as Slajor of 
the "Spy Battalion" and participating in the 
battle of Bad Axe. He also served as ReiJresent- 
ative in the First, Fourth, Fifth and Ninth Gen- 
eral As.semblies, and as Senator in the Sixth and 
Seventh. While serving his last term in the 
House (1835), he died and was buried at Vandalia, 
then the State capital. McHenry County — organ- 
ized by act of the Legislature, passed at a second 
session during the winter of 1835-36 — was named 
in his honor 

McHENRY COUJiTY, lies in the northern por- 
tion of the State, bounded on the north by Wis- 
consin — named for Gen. William McHenry. Its 
area is 624 square miles. With what is now the 
County of Lake, it was erected into a county in 
1836, the county-seat being at McHenry. Three 
years later the eastern part was set off as the 
County of Lake, and the county-seat of McHenry 
County removed to Woodstock, the geograph- 
ical center. The soil is well watered by living 
springs and is highly productive. Hardwood 
groves are numerous. Fruits and berries are 
extensively cultivated, but the herbage is espe- 
cially adapted to dairying, Kentucky blue grass 
being indigenous. Large quantities of milk are 
daily shipped to Chicago, and the annual pro- 
duction of butter and cheese reaches into the 
millions of pounds. The geological formations 
comprise the drift and the Cincinnati and Niagara 
groups of rocks. Near Fox River are found 
gravel ridges. Vegetable remains and logs of 
wood have teen found at various depths in the 
drift deposits ; in one instance a cedar log, seven 
inches in diameter, having been discovered forty- 
two feet below the surface. Peat is found every- 



where, although the most extensive deposits are 
in the northern half of the county, where they 
exist in sloughs covering several thousands of 
acres. Several lines of raihoad cross the county, 
and every important village is a railway station. 
Woodstock, Marengo, and Harvard are the prin- 
cipal towns. Population OS80), 24,908; (1890), 
26.114; (1900), 29,759. 

McINTOSH. (Capt.) Alexander, was born in 
Fulton County, N. Y., in 1822; at 19 years of 
age entered an academy at Galway Center, 
remaining three years; in 1845 removed to Joliet, 
111., and, two years later, started "The Joliet 
True Democrat," but sold out the next year, and, 
in 1S49, went to California. Returning in 1852, he 
bought back "The True Democrat," which he 
edited until 1857, meanwhile (1856) having been 
elected Clerk of the Circuit Court and Recorder 
of Will County. In 1863 he was appointed by 
President Lincoln Captain and Assistant Quarter- 
master, serving under General Sherman in 1864 
and in the "March to the Sea," and, after the 
war, being for a time Post Quartermaster at 
Mobile. Having resigned in 1866, he engaged in 
mercantile business at Wilmington, Will County ; 
but, in 1869, bought "The Wilmington Independ- 
ent," which he published until 1873. The next 
year he returned to Joliet, and, a few months 
after, became political editor of "The Joliet 
Republican," and was subsequently connected, in 
a similar capacity, with other papers, including 
"The Phoenix" and "The Sun" of the same city. 
Died, in Joliet. Feb. 2. 1899. 

McKENDREE, William, Methodist Episcopal 
Bishop, was bom in Virginia, in 1757, enlisted as 
a private in the War of the Revolution, but later 
served as Adjutant and in the commissary depart- 
ment. He was converted at 30 years of age, and 
the next year began preaching in his native 
State, being advanced to the position of Presiding 
Elder; in 1800 was transferred to the West, Ilh- 
nois falling within his District. Here he remained 
until his elevation to the episcopacy in 1808. 
McKendree College, at Lebanon, received its 
name from him, together with a donation of 480 
acres of land. Died, near Nashville, Tenn. , March 
5, 1835. 

McKE>'DREE COLLEGE, one of the earliest of 
Illinois colleges, located at Lebanon and incorpo- 
rated in 1835. Its founding was suggested by 
Rev. Peter Cartwright, and it may be said to 
have had its inception at the Methodist Episcopal 
Conference held at Mount Carmel, in September, 
1827. The first funds for its establishment were 
subscribed by citizens of Lebanon, who contrib- 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



365 



uted from their scanty means, §l,n85. Instruc- 
tion began, Nov. 24. 1S28, under Kev. Edward 
Ames, afterwards a Bishop of the Methodist Epis- 
copal L'lmrch. In 1830 Bishop McKendree made 
a donation of land to the infant institution, and 
the scliool uiis named in his honor. It cannot be 
said to liave become really a college until 1836, 
and its first class graduated in 1841. University 
powers were granted it by an amendment to its 
charter in 1839. At present the departments are 
as follows; Preparatory, business, classical, 
scientific, law, music and oratorj-. The institu- 
tion owns property to the value of §90,000. includ- 
ing an endowment of $25,000, and has about 200 
students, of both sexes, and a faculty of ten 
instructors. (See Colleges. Early.) 

McLaren, William Edward, Episcopal Bishop, 
was born at Geneva, N. Y., Dec. 13, 1831; gradu- 
ated at Washington and Jefferson College (Wash- 
ington, Pa.) in 1851. and, after six years spent in 
teaching and in journalistic work, entered Alle- 
gheny Theological Seminary, graduating and 
entering the Presbyterian ministry in 1860. For 
three years he was a missionary at Bogota. South 
America, and later in charge of churclies at 
Peoria, 111., and Detroit, Mich. Having entered 
the Protestant Episcopal Church, he was made a 
deacon in July, 1872, and ordained priest the fol- 
lowing October, immediately thereafter assuming 
the pastorate of Trinity Church, Cleveland, Ohio. 
In July, 1875, he was elected Bishop of the Prot- 
estant Episcopal Diocese of Illinois, which then 
included the whole State. Subsequently, the 
dioceses of Quincy and Springfield were erected 
therefrom. Bishop McLaren remaining at the 
head of the Chicago See. During his ei)iscopate, 
church work has been active and effective, and 
the Western Theological Seminary in Chicago 
has been founded. His published works include 
numerous sermons, addresses and poems, besides 
a volume entitled "Catholic Dogma the Antidote 
to Doubt" (New York. 1884). 

Mclaughlin, Robert K., early lawyer and 
State Treasurer, was born in Virginia, Oct. 25, 
1779; before attaining his majority went to Ken- 
tucky, and. alK)Ut ISi.j, removed to Illinois, set- 
tling finally at Belleville, where he entered upon 
the practice of law. The first public position 
held by him seems to liave been that of Enrolling 
and Engrossing Clerk of both Houses of the Third 
(or last) Territorial Legislature (1810-18). In 
August, 1819, he entered upon the duties of State 
Treasurer, as successor to John Thomas, wlio liad 
l>een Treasurer during the whole Territorial 
period, serving until January, 1823. Becoming a 



citizen of Vandalia, by the removal thither of the 
State capital a few months later, he continued to 
reside tliere the remainder of his life. He subse- 
quently represented the Fayette District as 
Representative in the Fifth General jVssembly, 
and as Senator in the Sixth, Seventh and Tenth, 
and, in 1837, became Register of the Land Office 
at Vandalia. serving uutil 1845. Although an 
uncle of Gen. Joseph Duncan, he became a can- 
didate for Governor against the latter, in 1834, 
standing third on the list. He married a Miss 
Bond, a niece of Gov. Shadrach Bond, under 
whose administration he served as State Treasurer. 
Died, at Vandalia, May 29, 1862. 

McLEAN, a village of McLean County, on the 
Chicago it Alton Railway, 14 miles southwest of 
Bloomington, in a farming, dairying and stock- 
growing district; has one weekly pajjer. Popu- 
lation (1890), 500; (1900), 532. 

McLEAX, John, early United States Senator, 
was born in North Carolina in 1791, brought by 
his father to Kentucky wlien four years old, and. 
at 23, was admitted to the bar and removed to 
Illinois, settling at Shawneetown in 1815. Pos- 
sessing oratorical gifts of a high order and an 
almost magnetic power over men, coupled with 
strong common sense, a keen sense of humor and, 
great command of language, he soon attained 
prominence at the bar and as a popular speaker. 
In 1818 he was elected the first Representative in 
Congress from the new State, defeating Daniel P. 
Cook, but served only a few months, being de- 
feated by Cook at the next election. He was 
three times elected to the Legislature, serving 
once as Speaker. In 1824 he was chosen United 
States Senator to succeed Governor Edwards (wlio 
had resigned), serving one year. In 1828 he was 
elected for a second time by a unanimous vote, 
but lived to serve only one session, dying at 
Shawneetown, Oct. 4, 1830. In testimony of the 
public appreciation of the loss which the State 
liad sustained b)' his death, McLean County was 
named in his honor. 

McLEAX COUNTY, the largest county of the 
State, having an area of 1166 square miles, is 
central as to the region north of the latitude of 
St. Louis and about midway between that city 
and Chicago — was named for John McLean, an 
early United States Senator. The early immi- 
grants were largely from Ohio, although Ken- 
tucky and New Y'ork were well represented. The 
county was organized in 1830, the population at 
that time being about 1,200. The greater portion 
of the surface is high, undulating prairie, with 
occasional groves and belts of timber. On the 



366 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



creek bottoms are found black walnut, sycamore, 
buckeye, black ash and elm, while the sandy 
ridges are covered with scrub oak and black-jack. 
The soil is extremely fertile (generally a rich, 
brown loam), and the entire county is underlaid 
with coal. The chief occupations are stock-rais- 
ing, coal-mining, agriculture and manufactures. 
Sugar and Mackinaw Creeks, with their tribu- 
taries, afford thorough drainage. Sand and 
gravel beds are numerous, but vary greatly in 
depth. At Chenoa one has been found, in boring 
for coal, thirty feet thick, overlaid by forty-five 
feet of the clay common to this formation. Tlie 
upper seam of coal in the Bloomington shafts is 
No. 6 of the general section, and the lower. No. 4; 
the latter averaging four feet in thickness. The 
principal towns are Bloomington (the county- 
seat). Normal, Lexington, LeRoy and Chenoa. 
Population (1890), 63,036; (1900). '67,843. 

McLEANSBORO, a city and the county-seat of 
Hamilton County, upon a branch of the Louis- 
ville & Nashville Railroad, 103 miles east south- 
east of St. Louis and about 48 miles southeast of 
Centralia. The people are enterprising and pro- 
gressive, the city is up-to-date and prosperous, 
supporting three banks and six churches. Two 
weekly newspapers are jiublished liere. Popula- 
tion (1880), 1,341; (1890), 1,355; (1900), 1,758. 

McMULLIN, James C, Railway Manager, was 
born at Watertown, N. Y., Feb. 13, 1836; began 
work as Freight and Ticket Agent of the Great 
Western Railroad (now Wabash), at Decatur, 111., 
May, 1857. remaining until 1860, when he 
accepted the position of Freight Agent of the 
Chicago & Alton at Springfield. Here he re- 
mained until Jan. 1, 1863, when he was trans- 
ferred in a similar capacity to Cliicago; in 
September, 1864, became Superintendent of the 
Northern Division of the Chicago & Alton, after- 
wards successively filling the positions of Assist- 
ant General Superintendent (1867), General 
Superintendent (1868-78) and General Manager 
(1878-83). The latter year he was elected Vice- 
President, remaining in office some ten years, 
when ill-health compelled his retirement. Died, 
in Chicago, Dec. 30, 1896. 

McMURTRY, William, Lieutenant-Governor, 
was born in Mercer County, Ky., Feb 20. 1801; 
removed from Kentucky to Crawford Coxinty, 
Ind., and, in 1829, came to Knox County, 111., 
settling in Henderson Township. He was elected 
Representative in the Tenth General Assembly 
(1836), and to the Senate in 1842. serving in the 
Thirteenth and Fourteenth General Assemblies. 
In 1848 he was elected Lieutenant-Governor on 



the same ticket with Gov. A. C. French, being 
the first to hold the office under the Constitution 
adopted that year. In 1862 he assisted in raising 
the One Hundred and Second Regiment Illinois 
Volunteers, and, althougli advanced in years, 
was elected Colonel, but a few weeks later was 
compelled to accept a discharge on account of 
failing health. Died, April 10, 1875. 

MeNEELET, Tiiompson W., lawyer and ex-Con- 
gressman, was born in Jacksonville, 111., Oct. 5, 
1835, and graduated at Lombard University, 
Galesburg, at the age of 21. The following year 
he was licensed to practice, but continued to pur- 
sue his professional studies, attending the Law 
Universit}- at Louisville, Ky., from which insti- 
tution he graduated in 1859. He was a member 
of the Con.stitutional Convention of 1862, and 
chairman of the Democratic State Central Com- 
mittee in 1878. From 1869 to 1873 he represented 
his District in Congress, resuming his practice 
at Petersburg, Menard County, after his retire- 
ment. 

McXULTA, John, soldier and ex-Congressman, 
was born in New York City, Nov. 9, 1837, received 
an academic education, was admitted to the bar, 
and settled at Bloomington, in this State, while 
yet a young man. On May 3, 1861, he enlisted as 
a private in the Union army, and served until 
August 9, 1865, rising, successively, to the rank 
of Captain, Lieutenant-Colonel, Colonel and 
Brevet Brigadier-General. From 1869 to 1873 he 
was a member of the lower house of the General 
Assembly from McLean County, and, in 1873, was 
elected to the Forty-third Congress, as a Repub- 
lican. General SIcNulta has been prominent in 
the councils of the Republican party, standing 
second on the ballot for a candidate for Governor, 
in the State Convention of 1888, and serving as 
Permanent President of the State Convention of 
1890. In 1896 he was one of the most earnest 
advocates of the nomination of Mr. McKinley for 
President. Some of his most important work, 
within the past few years, has been performed in 
connection with receiverships of certain railway 
und other corporations, especially that of the 
Wabash, St. Lotus & Pacific Railroad, from 1884 
to 1890. He is now (1898) Receiver of the National 
Bank of Illinois, Chicago. Died Feb. 22, 1900. 

McPHERSOX, Simeon J., clergyman, de- 
scended from the Clan McPherson of Scotland. 
was born at Mumford, Monroe County, N. Y., Jan. 
19, 1850 ; prepared for college at Leroy and Fulton, 
and graduated at Princeton, N. J., in 1874. Then, 
after a year's service as teacher of mathematics 
at his Alma Mater, he entered the Theological 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



36: 



Seminary there, and graduated from that depart- 
ment in 1879, liaving in the meantime traveled 
througli Europe, Egypt and Palestine. He was 
licensed to preach by the Rochester Presbytery 
in 1877, and spent three years (1879-82) in pas- 
toral labor at East Orange, N. J. ; when he ac- 
cepted a call to the Second Presbyterian Church 
of Chicago, remaining until the early part of 1899, 
when he tendered liis resignation to accept the 
position of Director of the Lawrenceville Prepar- 
atory Academy of Princeton College, N. J. 

McROBERTS, Josiah, jurist, was born in 
Monroe County, 111., June 12, 1820; graduated 
from St. Mary's College (Mo.) in 1839; studied 
law at Danville, III., with his brother Samuel, 
and, in 1842, entered the law department of 
Transylvania University, graduating in 1844. 
after which he at once began practice. In 1846 
he was elected to tlie State Senate for the Cham- 
paign and Vermilion District, at the e.xpiration of 
his term removing to Joliet. In 1852 he was 
apjwinted by Governor Matteson Trustee of the 
Illinois & Michigan Canal, which office he held 
for four years. In 18G6 he was appointed Circuit 
Court Judge by Governor Oglesby, to fill a va- 
cancy, and was re-elected in 18C7, "73, '79, and '8.5, 
but died a few months after his last election. 

McROBERTS, Samuel, United States Sena- 
tor, was born in Monroe County, 111., Feb. 20, 
1799; graduated from Transylvania University in 
1819; in 1821, was elected the first Circuit Clerk 
of his native county, and, in 1825, appointed 
Circuit Judge, which office he held for three 
years. In 18'28 he was elected State Senator, 
representing the district comprising Monroe, 
Clinton and Washington Counties. Later he was 
appointed United States District Attorney by 
President Jack.son. but soon resigned to become 
Receiver of Public Moneys at Danville, by 
appointment of President Van Buren, and, in 
1839. Solicitor of the General Land Office at 
■Washington. Resigning the latter office in the 
fall of 1841, at the next session of the Illinois 
Legislature he was elected United States Senator 
to succeed John M. Robinson, deceased. Died, at 
Cincinnati. Ohio, March 22, 1843, being suc- 
ceeded by James Semple. 

McTICKER, James Hubert, actor and theat- 
rical manager, was born in New York City, Feb. 
14, 1822; thrown upon his own resources by the 
death of his father in infancy and the necessity 
of assisting to support liis widowed mother, he 
early engaged in various occupations, until, at 
the age of 15, he became an apprentice in the 
office of "The St. Louis Republican," three years 



later becoming a journeyman printer. He first 
appeared on the stage in the St. Cliarles Theater, 
New Orleans, in 1843; two years later was prin- 
cipal comedian in Rice's Theater, Chicago, re- 
maining until 1852, when he made a tour of the 
country, appearing in Yankee characters. About 
1855 he made a tour of England and, on his 
return, commenced building his first Chicago 
theater, which was opened, Nov. 3, 1857, and was 
conducted with varied fortune until burned down 
in the great fire of 1871. Rebuilt and remodeled 
from time to time, it burned down a second time 
in .Vugust, 1890, the losses from these several fires 
having imposed upon Mr. McVicker a heavy 
burden. Although an excellent comedian, Mr. 
McVicker did not appear on the stage after 1882, 
from that date giving his attention entirely to 
management. He enjoyed in an eminent degree 
the respect and confidence, not only of the 
profession, but of the general public. Died in 
Chicago, March 7, 1896. 

McWILLIAMS, David, banker, Dwight, 111., 
was born in Belmont County, Ohio, Jan. 14, 1834; 
was brought to IlHnois in infancy and grew up on 
a farm until 14 years of age, when he entered the 
office of the Pittsfield (Pike County) "Free Press" 
as an apprentice. In 1849 he engaged in the 
lumber trade with liis father, the management of 
wliich devolved upon him a few years later. In 
the early 50's he was, for a time, a student in 
Illinois College at Jacksonville, but did not 
graduate; in 1855 removed to Dwight, Livingston 
County, then a new town on the line of the Chi- 
cago & Alton Railroad, which had been completed 
to that point a few months previous. Here he 
erected the first store building in the town, and 
put in a •?2, 000 stock of goods on borrowed capi- 
tal, remaining in the mercantile business for 
eighteen j-ears, and retaining an interest in the 
establishment seven years longer. In the mean- 
time, while engaged in merchandising, he began 
a banking business, which was enlarged on his 
retirement from the former, receiving his entire 
attention. The profits derived from his banking 
business were invested in farm lands until he 
became one of the largest land-owners in Living- 
ston County. Mr. McWilliams is one of the 
original members of the first Methodist Episcopal 
Church organized at Dwight, and has served as a 
lay delegate to several General Conferences of 
that denomination, as well as a delegate to the 
Ecumenical Council in London in 1881 ; has also 
been a liberal contributor to the support of vari- 
ous literary and theological institutions of the 
church, and has served for many years as a Trus- 



368 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



tee of the Northwestern University at Evanston. 
In politics he is a zealous Republican, and has 
repeatedly served as a delegate to the State Con- 
ventions of that party, including the Bloomington 
Convention of 185C, and was a candidate for 
Presidential Elector for the Ninth District on the 
Blaine ticket in 1884. He has made several ex- 
tended tours to Europe and other foreign coun- 
tries, the last including a trip to Egypt and the 
Holy Land, during 1898-99. 

MECHANICSBURG, a village of Sangamon 
County, near the Wabash Railway, 13 miles east 
of Springfield. Population (1880), 396; (1890), 
426; (1900), 476. 

MEDILL, Joseph, editor and newspaper pub- 
lisher, was born, April 6, 1823, in the vicinity (now 
a part of the city) of St. John, N. B., of Scotch- 
Irish parentage, but remotely of Huguenot 
descent. At nine years of age he accompanied 
his parents to Stark County, Ohio, where he 
enjoyed such educational advantages as belonged 
to that region and period. He entered an acad- 
emy with a view to preparing for college, but his 
family having suffered from a fire, he was com- 
pelled to turn his attention to business; studied 
law, was admitted to the bar in 1846, and began 
practice at New Philadelphia, in Tuscarawas 
County. Here he caught the spirit of journalism 
by frequent visits to the oflSce of a local paper, 
learned to set type and to work a hand-press. In 
1849 he bought a paper at Coshocton, of which he 
assumed editorial charge, employing his brothers 
as assistants in various capacities. The name of 
this paper was "The Coshocton Whig," which 
he soon changed to "The Republican," in which 
he dealt vigorous blows at political and other 
abuses, which several times brought upon him 
assaults from his political opponents — that being 
the style of political argument in those days. 
Two j'ears later, having sold out "The Repub- 
lican," he established "The Daily Forest City" at 
Cleveland — a Whig paper with free-soil proclivi- 
ties. The following year "The Forest City" was 
consolidated with "The Free-Democrat," a Free- 
Soil paper under the editorship of John C. 
Vaughan, a South Carolina Abolitionist, the new 
paper taking the name of "The Cleveland 
Leader." Mr. Medill, with the co-operation of 
Mr. Vaughan, then went to work to secure the 
consolidation of the elements opposed to slavery 
in one compact organization. In this he was 
aided by the introduction of the Kansas-Nebraska 
Bill in Congress, in December, 1853, and. before 
its passage in May following, Mr. Medill had 
begun to agitate the question of a union of all 



opposed to that measure in a new party under the 
name "Republican." During the winter of 
1854-.55 he received a call from Gen. J. D. Web- 
ster, at that time part owner of "The Ci.icago 
Tribune," which resulted in his visiting Cl icago 
a few months later, and his purchase of an inter- 
est in the paper, his connection with the concern 
dating from June 18, 185.5. He was almost 
immediately joined by Dr. Charles H. Ray, who 
had been editor of "The Galena Jeffersonian," 
and, still later, by J. C. Vaughan and Alfred 
Cowles. who had been associated with him on 
"The Cleveland Leader." Mr. Medill assumed 
the position of managing editor, and, on the 
retirement of Dr. Raj', in 1863, became editor-in- 
chief until 1866, when he gave place to Horace 
White, now of "The New York Evening Po.st." 
During the Civil War period he was a zealous 
supporter of President Lincoln's emancipation 
policy, and served, for a time, as President of the 
"Loyal League," which proved such an influ- 
ential factor in upholding the hands of the Gov- 
ernment during the darkest period of the 
rebellion. In 1869 Mr. Medill was elected to the 
State Constitutional Convention, and, in tliat 
body, was the leading advocate of the principle 
of "minority representation" in the election of 
Representatives, as it was finally incorporated 
in the Constitution. In 1871 he was appointed 
by President Grant a member of the first Civil 
Service Commission, representing a principle to 
which he ever remained thoroughlj' committed. 
A few weeks after the great fire of the same 
year, he was elected Mayor of the city of Chicago. 
The financial condition of the city at the time, 
and other questions in issue, involved great diffi- 
culties and responsibilities, which he met in a 
way to command general approval. During his 
administration the Chicago Public Library was 
established, Mr. Medill delivering the address at 
its opening, Jan. 1, 1873. Near the close of his 
term as Maj'or, he resigned the office and spent 
the following year in Europe. Almost simultane- 
ously with his return from his European trip, he 
secured a controlling interest in "The Tribune," 
resuming control of the paper, Nov. 9, 1874, 
which, as editor-in-chief, he retained for the 
remainder of his life of nearly twenty -five 3'ears. 
The growth of the paper in business and influence, 
from the beginning of his connection with it, was 
one of the marvels of journalism, making it easily 
one of the most successful newspaper ventures 
in the United States, if not in the world. Early 
in December. 1898, Mr. Medill went to San 
Antonio, Texas, hoping to receive relief in that 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



'M'.t 



mild climate from a chronic disease which Inui 
been trouhling him for years, but died in that 
city, March 16, 1899, within three weeks of liav- 
ing reached his Ttitli birthday. The conspicuous 
feafiires of his cliaracter were a strong individu- 
ality and indomitable perseverance, which led 
liim never to accept defeat. A few weeks previ- 
ous to his death, facts were develojied going to 
show that, in 1881, lie was offered, by President 
(iarfield, tlie position of Postmaster-General, 
which was declined, when he was tendered the 
choice of any position in the Cabinet except two 
which had been previously promised; also, that 
he was offered a position in President Harrison's 
Cabinet, in 188!). 

MEDILL, (Maj.) William II., soldier, was 
Ixirn at Massillon, Ohio, Nov. 5, 1835; in 18,")5, 
came to Chicago and was associated with "The 
Prairie Farmer." Subseriuently lie was editor of 
"The Stark County (Ohio) Republican," but 
again returning to Chicago, at the beginning of 
the war, was emjiloyed on "Tlie Tribune," of 
which his brother (Hon. Joseph Medill) was 
editor. After a few months' sei-vice in Barker's 
Dragoons (a short-time organization), in Septem- 
ber, 1801, lie joined the Eighth Illinois Cavalry 
(Colonel Farnsworth's), and, declining an election 
iis Major, was chosen Senior Captain. The regi- 
ment .soon joined the Army of the Potomac. By 
the promotion of his superior officers Captain 
Medill was finally advanced to the command, 
and, during the Peninsular campaign of 1863, led 
his troops on a reconnoissance within twelve miles 
of Richmond. At the battle of Gettysburg he 
had command of a portion of his regiment, acquit- 
ting himself with great credit. A few days after, 
while attacking a party of rebels who were 
attempting to build a bridge across the Potomac 
at Williamsburg, he received a fatal wound 
through the lungs, dying at Frederick City. July 
16. 18G3. 

MEEKER, Moses, pioneer, was born in New- 
ark, N. J., June 17, 1790; removed to Cincinnati, 
Ohio, in 1817. engaging in the manufacture of 
white lead until 1822, when he headed a pioneer 
expedition to the frontier settlement at Galena, 
111., to enter upon the business of smelting lead- 
ore. He served as Captain of a company in the 
Black Hawk War, later removing to Iowa 
County, Wis., where he built the first smelting 
works in that Territory, served in the Territorial 
Legislature (1840-43) and in the first Constitu- 
tional Convention (1846). A "History of the 
Elarly I^ead Regions," by him, appears in the 
sixth volume of "The Wisconsin Historical Soci- 



ety Collections." Died, at ShuUsburg, Wis., 
July 7, 1865. 

MELROSE, a suburb of Chicago, 11 miles west 
of the initial station of the Chicago & North- 
western Railroad, upon which it is located. It 
has two or three churches, some manufacturing 
establishments and one weekly paper. Popula- 
tion (1890), 1,0.50; (1900). 2..592. 

MEMBRE, Zenobins, French missionary, was 
born in France in 1645; accompanied La Salle on 
his expedition to Illinois in 1079, and remained at 
Fort Creve-Cceur with Henry de Tonty ; descended 
the Mississippi with La Salle in 1682; returned to 
Fiance and wrote a history of the expedition, 
and, in 1684, accompanied La Salle on his final 
expedition; is supposed to have landed with La 
Salle in Texas, and there to have been massacred 
by the natives in 1687. (See La Salle and Tonty.) 

MEX.\RD, Pierre, French pioneer and first 
Lieutenant-Governor, was born at St. Antoine, 
Can., Oct. 7, 1766; settled at Ka.skaskia, in 1790, 
and engaged in trade. Becoming interested in 
politics, he wiis elected to the Territorial Council 
of Indiana, and later to the Legislative Council of 
Illinois Territorj-, being presiding officer of the 
latter until the admission of Illinois as a State. 
He was, for several years. Government Agent, 
and in this capacity negotiated several important 
treaties with the Indians, of whose characteris- 
tics he seemed to have an intuitive perception. He 
was of a nervous temperament, impulsive and 
generous. In 1818 he was elected the first Lieu- 
tenant-Governor of the new State. His term of 
office having expired, he retired to private life 
and the care of his extensive business. He died 
at Kaskaskia. in June, 1844, leaving what was 
then considered a large estate. Among his as.sets. 
however, were found a large number of promis- 
sory notes, which he had endorsed for personal 
friends, besides many uncollectable accounts 
from poor people, to whom he had sold goods 
through pure generosity. Menard County was 
named for him, and a .statue in his honor stands 
in the capitol grounds at Springfield, erected by 
the son of his old partner — Charles Pierre Chou- 
teau, of St. Louis. 

MEXARD COUXTT, near the geographical 
center of the State, and originally a part of 
Sangamon, but separately organized in 1839, the 
Provisional Commissioners being Joseph Wat- 
kins, William Engle and George W. Simpson. 
Thp county was named in honor of Pierre Menard, 
who settled at Kaskaskia prior to the Territorial 
organization of Illinois. (See Menard. Pierre.) 
Cotton was an important crop until 1830, when 



370 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



agriculture underwent a change. Stock-raising 
is now extensively carried on. Three fine veins 
of bituminous coal underlie the county. Among 
early American settlers may be mentioned the 
Clarys, Matthew Rogers, Amor Batterton, Solo- 
mon Pruitt and William Gideon. The names of 
Meadows. Montgomery, Green, Boyer and Grant 
are also familiar to early settlers. The county 
furnished a company of eighty -six volunteers for 
the Mexican War. The county-seat is at Peters- 
burg. The area of the county is 320 square miles, 
and its population, under the last census, 14,336. 
In 1829 was laid out the town of Salem, now 
extinct, but for some years the home of Abraham 
Lincoln, who was once its Postmaster, and who 
marched thence to the Black Hawk War as 
Captain of a company. 

MENDON, a town of Adams County, on the 
Burlington & Quincy Division of the Chicago, 
Burlington & Quincy Railway, 15 miles northeast 
of Quincy ; has a bank and a newspaper ; is sur- 
rounded by a farming and stock-raising district. 
Population (1880), 652; (1890). 640; (1900), G2T. 

MEXDOTA, a city in La Salle County founded 
ill ly."):! at the junction of the Chicago, Burlington 
& Quincy with its Rochelle and Fulton branches 
and the Illinois Central Railway, 80 miles south- 
west of Chicago. It has eight churches, three 
graded and two high schools, and a public li 
brary Wartburg Seminary (Lutheran, opened 
in 18.53) is located here. The chief industrial 
plants are two iron foundries, machine shops, 
plow works and a brewery. The city has three 
banks and four weekly newspapers. The sur- 
rounding country is agricultural and the city has 
considerable local trade. Population (1890), 
3,542; (1900), 3,736. 

MERCEE COUNTY, a western county, with an 
area of 555 s(iuare miles and a population (1900) 
of 20,945— named for Gen. Hugh Mercer. The 
Mississippi forms the western boundary, and 
along this river the earliest American settlements 
were made. William Dennison, a Pennsylvanian, 
settled in New Boston Township in 1838, and, 
before the expiration of a half dozen years, the 
Vannattas, Keith, Jackson, Wilson, Farlow, 
Bridges, Perry and Fleharty had arrived. Mer- 
cer County was separated from Warren, and 
specially organized in 1825. The soil is a rich, 
black loam, admirably adapted to the cultivation 
of cereals. A good quality of building stone is 
found at various points. Aledo is the county- 
seat. The county lies on the outskirts of the 
Illinois coal fields and mining was commenced 
in 1845. 



MERCY HOSPITAL, located in Chicago, and 
the first permanent hospital In the State — char- 
tered in 1847 or 1848 as the "Illinois General 
Hospital of the Lakes." No steps were taken 
toward organization until 1850, when, with a 
scant}' fund scarcely exceeding §150, twelve beds 
were secured and placed on one floor of a board 
ing house, whose proprietress was engaged as 
nurse and stewardess. Drs. N. S. Davis and 
Daniel Brainard were, respectively, the first 
phj-sician and surgeon in charge. In 1851 the 
hospital was given in charge of the Sisters o\" 
Mercy, who at once enlarged and improved the 
accommodations, and, in 1853, changed its name 
to Mercy Hospital. Three or four years later, a 
removal was made to a building previously occu- 
pied as an orphan asylum. Being the only pub- 
lic hospital in the cit}', its wards were constantly 
overcrowded, and, in 1869, a more capacious and 
better arranged building was erected. This 
edifice it has continued to occupy, although many 
additions and imjirovements have been, and are 
still being, made. The Sisters of Mercy own the 
gromids and buildings, and manage the nursing 
and all the domestic and financial affairs of the 
institution. The present medical staff (1896) 
consists of thirteen physicians and surgeons, 
besides three internes, or resident practitioners. 

MEREDOSIA, a town in Morgan County, on 
the east bank of the Illinois River and on the 
Wabash Railway, some 58 miles west of Spring- 
field; is a grain shipping point and fishing and 
hunting resort It was the first Illinois River 
point to be connected with the State capital by 
railroad in 1838. Population (1890), 631 ; (1900), 700. 

MERRIAM, (CoL) Jonathan, .soldier, legisla- 
tor and farmer, was born in Vermont, Nov. 1, 
1834; was brought to Springfield, HI., when two 
years old, living afterwards at Alton, his parents 
finally locating, in 1841, in Tazewell County, 
where he now resides — when not officially em- 
ployed — pursuing the occupation of a farmer. He 
was educated at Wesleyan University, Blooming- 
ton, and at McKendree College; entered the 
Union army in 1862, being commissioned Lieu- 
tenant-Colonel of the One Hundred and Seven- 
teenth Illinois Infantry, and serving to the close 
of the war. During the Civil War period he was 
one of the founders of the "Union League of 
America," which proved so influential a factoi 
in sustaining the war policy of the Government. 
He was also a member of the State Constitutional 
Convention of 1869-70; an unsuccessful Repub- 
lican nominee for Congress in 1870; served as 
Collector of Internal Revenue for the Springfield 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



371 



District from 1873 to 'S3, was a Representative ia 
the Thirty-ninth and Fortieth General Assem- 
blies, and, in 1897, was appointed, by President 
McKinley, Pension .Vfjent for tlie State of Illinois, 
with headtjuarters in Chicago. Thoroughly pa- 
triotic and of incorruptible integrity, he has won 
the respect and conKdence of all in every public 
position he has been called to fill. 

MERRILL, Stephen Mason, Methodist Episco- 
pal Bishop, was born in Jefferson County, Ohio. 
Sept. 10. 182.5, entered the Ohio Conference of the 
jrethodist Episcopal Church, in 18G4. as a travel- 
ing preacher, and, four years later, became editor 
of '"The Western Cliristian Advocate." at Cin- 
cinnati. He was ordaineil Bishop at Brooklyn in 
1872, and, after two years spent in Minnesota, 
removed to Chicago, where he still resides. The 
degree of D.D. was conferred upon him by Ohio 
Wesleyan University, in 1868, and that of LL.D. 
by the Northwestern University, in 1886. He has 
published "Christian Biiptism" (Cincinnati, 
1876); "Xew Testament Idea of Hell" (1878); 
"Second Coming of Christ" (1879); "Aspects of 
Christian Experience"' (1882); "Digest of Metho- 
dist Law" (188.5); and "Outlines of Thought on 
Probation" (1S86). 

MERRITT, John W., journalist, was born in 
New York City, July 4, 1806; studied law and 
practiced, for a time, with the colebrate<l James 
T. Brady as a partner. In 1841 he removed to 
St. Clair County, 111., purchased and, from 1848 
to '51. conducted "The Belleville Advocate"; 
later, removed to Salem, 111. , where he established 
"The Salem Advocate"; served as Assistant Sec- 
retary of the State Constitutional Convention of 
1862, and as Representative in the Twenty-third 
General Assembly. In 1864 he purchased "The 
State Register"' at Springfield, and was its editor 
for several years. Died, Nov. 16, 1878. — Thomas 
E. (Merritt), son of the preceding, lawyer and 
politician, was born in New York City, April 29, 
1834; at six years of age was brought by his 
father to Illinois, where he attended the common 
schools and later learned the trade of carriage- 
painting. Subsequently he read law, and was 
admitted to the bar, at Springfield, in 1862. In 
1868 he was elected, a.s a Democrat, to the lower 
house of the General A.ssembly from the Salem 
District, and was re-elected to the same body in 
1870, "74, "76, "86 and "88. He also served two 
terms in the Senate (1B78'86), making an almost 
continuous .service in the General As.seml)ly of 
eighteen years. He has repeatedly been a mem- 
ber of State conventions of his party, and stands 
as one of its trusted representatives. — Maj.-On. 



Wesley (Merritt), another son, wa.s born in New 
York, June 16. 1836, came with his father to Illi- 
nois in childhood, and was appointed a cadet at 
West Point Military Academy from this State, 
graduating in 1860; became a Second Lieutenant 
in the regular army, the same year, and was pro- 
moted to the rank of Fir.st Lieutenant, a year 
later. After the beginning of the Civil War, he 
was rapidly promoted, reaching the rank of 
Brigadier-General of Volunteers in 1862, and 
being nuistered out, in 1.S66. with the brevet rank 
of Major-General. He re entered the regular 
army as Lieutenant-Colonel, was promoted to a 
colonelcy in 1876, and, in 1887, received a com- 
mission as Brigadier-General, in 1897 becoming 
Major-General. He was in command, for a time, 
of the Department of the Missouri, but, on his 
last promotion, was transferred to the Depart- 
ment of the East, with headquarters at Gov- 
ernor"s Island, N. Y. Soon after the beginning 
of the war with Spain, he was assigned to the 
command of the land forces destined for the 
Philii)piiies, and appointed Military Governor of 
the Islands. Towards the close of the year he 
returned to the United States and resumed his old 
command at New York. 

MESSIJfGER, John, pioneer surveyor and car- 
tographer, was born at West Stockbridge, Mass., 
in 1771, grew up on a farm, but secured a good 
education, especially in mathematics. Going to 
Vermont in 1783. he learned the trade of a car- 
penter and mill-wright ; removed to Kentuckj- in 
1799, and, in 1802, to Illinois (then a part of Indi- 
ana Territory), locating first in the American 
Bottom and, later, at New Design within the 
present limits of Monroe County. Two years 
later he became the proprietor of a mill, and, 
between 1804 and 1806, taught one of tlie earliest 
schools in St. Clair Count)-. The latter year he 
took up the vocation of a surveyor, which he fol- 
lowed for many years as a sub-contractor under 
William Rector, surveying much of the land in 
St. Clair and Randolph Counties, and, still later, 
assisting in determining the northern boundary 
of the State. He also served for a time as a 
teacher of mathematics in Rock Spring Seminary ; 
in 1821 published "A Manual, or lland-Book, 
intended for Convenience in Practical Survey- 
ing," and prepared some of the earlier State and 
coimty maps. In 1808 he was elected to the 
Indiana Territorial Legislature, to fill a vacancy, 
and took part in the steps which resulted in set- 
ting up a separate Territorial Government for 
Illinois, the following year. He also received an 
appointment as the first Surveyor of St. Clair 



372 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



County under the new Territorial Government; 
was chosen a Delegate from St. Clair County to 
the Convention of 1818, which framed the first 
State Constitution, and, the same year, was 
elected a Representative in the First General 
Assembly, serving as Speaker of that body. 
After leaving New Design, the later years of his 
life were spent on a farm two and a half miles 
north of Belleville, where lie died in 1846. 

METAMORA, a town of Woodford County, on 
a branch of the Chicago & Alton Railroad, 19 
miles east-northeast of Peoria and some thirty 
miles northwest of Bloomington; is center of a 
fine farming district. Tlie town has a creamery, 
soda factory, one bank, three churches, two 
newspapers, schools and a park. Population 
(1880) 828; (1900). T58. Metamora was the 
county-seat of Woodford County until 1899, when 
the seat of justice was removed to Eureka. 

METCALF, Andrew W., lawj-er. was born in 
Guernsey Countj', Ohio, August G, 1828; educated 
at Madison College in his native State, gi-aduating 
in 1846, and, after studying law at Cambridge, 
Ohio, three years, was admitted to the bar in 
1850. The following year he went to Appleton, 
Wis., but remained only a year, when he removed 
to St. Louis, then to Edwardsville, and shortly 
after to Alton, to take charge of the legal busi- 
ness of George T. Brown, then publisher of "The 
Alton Courier. " In 1853 he returned to Edwards- 
ville to reside permanently, and, in 1859, was 
appointed by Governor Bissell State's Attorney 
for Madison County, serving one year. In 1804 
he was elected State Senator for a term of four 
years ; was a delegate to the Republican National 
Convention of 1873, and, in 1876, a lay delegate 
from the Southern Illinois Conference of the 
Methodist Episcopal Church to the General Con- 
ference at Baltimore ; has also been a Trustee of 
McKendree College, at Lebanon, 111., for more 
than twenty-five years. 

METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH, one of 
the most numerous Protestant church organiza- 
tions in the United States and in Illinois. Rev. 
Joseph Lillard was the first preacher of this sect 
to settle in the Northwest Territory, and Capt. 
Joseph Ogle was the first class-leader (1795). It 
is stated that the first American preacher in the 
American Bottom was Rev. Hosea Riggs (1790). 
Rev. Benjamin Young took charge of the first 
Methodist mission in 1803, and, in 1804, this mis- 
sion was attached to the Cumberland (Tenn.) 
circuit. Revs. Joseph Oglesby and Charles R. 
Matheny were among the early circuit riders. In 
1820 there were seven circuits in Illinois, and, in 



1830, twenty-eight, the actual membership 
exceeding 10,000. The first Methodist service in 
Cliicago was held by Rev. Jesse AValker, in 1836. 
The first Metliodist society in that city was 
organized bj' Rev. Stephen R. Beggs. in June, 

1831. By 1835 the number of circuits had in- 
creased to 61, with 370 ministers and 15,000 mem- 
bers. Rev. Peter Cartwright was among the 
early revivalists. The growth of this denomi- 
nation in the State has been extraordinary. By 
1890, it had nearly 2,000 churches, 937 ministers, 
and 151,000 members — the total number of Metho- 
dists in the United States, by the same census, 
being 4,980,240. The church property owned in 
1890 (including parsonages) approached .5111,000,- 
000, and the total contributions were estimated 
at 82,073,923. The denomination in Illinois sup- 
ports two theological seminaries and the Garrett 
Biblical Institute at Evanston. " The North- 
western Christian Advocate," with a circulation 
of some 30,000, is its official organ in Illinois. 
(See also Religious Denominations.) 

METROPOLIS CITY, the county seat of Massac 
County, 156 miles southeast of St. Louis, situated 
on the Ohio River and on the St. Louis and 
Paducah Division of the Illinois Central Rail- 
road. The city was founded in 1839. on the site 
of old Fort Massac, whicli was erected by the 
French, aided by the Indians, about 1711. Its 
industries consist largely of various forms of 
wood-working. Saw and planing mills are a 
commercial factor; other establishments turn 
out wheel, buggy and wagon material, barrel 
staves and lieads, boxes and baskets, and veneers. 
There are also flouring mills and potteries. The 
city lias a public library, two banks, water- 
works, electric lights, numerous churches, high 
school and graded schools, and three papers. 
Population (1880), 2,668; (1890), 3,573; (1900), 4,069. 

MEXICAN WAR. Briefly stated, this war 
originated in the annexation of Texas to the 
United States, early in 1846. There was a dis- 
agreement as to the western boundary of Texas. 
Mexico complained of encroachment upon her 
territory, and hostilities began with the battle of 
Palo Alto, May 8, and ended with the treaty of 
peace, concluded at Guadalupe Hidalgo, near the 
City of Mexico, Feb. 2, 1848. Among the most 
prominent figures were President Polk, under 
whose administration annexation was effected, 
and Gen. Zachary Taylor, who was chief in com- 
mand in the field at the beginning of tlie war, and 
was elected Polk"s successor. Illinois furnished 
more than her full quota of troops for the strug- 
gle May 13, 1846, war was declared. On May 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



373 



35, Governor Ford issued his proclamation calling 
for the enlistment of three regiments of infantry, 
the assessed ([uota of the State. Tlie response 
was prompt and general. Alton was named as 
tlie rendezvous, and Col. (afterwards General) 
Sjdvester Churchill was the mustering officer. 
The regiments mustered in were commanded, 
resjiectively. bj- Col. John J. Elardin, Col. Wm. II. 
Bissell (afterwards Governor) and Col. Ferris 
Forman. An additional twelve months' regiment 
(the Fourth) was accepted, under command of 
Col. E. D. Baker, who later became United States 
Senator from Oregon, and fell at the battle of 
Ball's Bluff, in October, 1861. A second call was 
made in April. 1847, under which Illinois sent 
two more regiments, for the war, to%vards the 
Mexican frontier. These were commanded by 
Col. Edward W. B. Newby and Col. James 
Collins. Independent companies were also 
tendered and accepted. Besides, there were 
some 150 volunteers who joined the regiments 
already in the field. Commanders of tlie inde- 
pendent companies were Capts. Adam Dunlap, 
of Schuyler County; AVyatt B. Stapp, of War- 
ren; Michael K. Lawler, of Shawneetown. and 
Josiah Little. Col. John J. Hardin, of the First, 
was killed at Buena Vista, and tlie official mor- 
tuary list includes many names of Illinois' best 
and bravest sons. After participating in the 
battle of Buena Vista, the IlUnois troojis shared 
in the triumphal entry into the City of Mexico, 
on Sept. 10, 1847, and (in connection with those 
from Kentucky) were especially complimented in 
Ireneral Taylor's official report. The Third and 
Fourth regiments won distinction at Vera Cruz, 
Cerro Gordo and the City of Mexico. At the 
second of these battles. General Shields fell 
severely (and, as supposed for a time, mortally) 
wounded. Colonel Baker succeeded Shields, led 
a gallant charge, and really turned the day at 
Cerro Gordo. Among the officers honorably 
named by General Scott, in his official report, were 
Colonel Forman, JIajor Harris, Adjutant Fondey, 
Capt. J. S. Post, and Lieutenants Hammond and 
Davis. All the Illinois troops were mustered out 
between May 25, 1847 and Nov. 7, 1848, the inde- 
pendent companies being the last to quit the 
service. The total number of volunteers was 
6,123. of whom 80 were killed, and ICO wounded, 
13 of the latter dying of their wounds. Gallant 
service in the Mexican War soon became a pass- 
port to political preferment, and some of the 
brave soldiers of 1846-47 subsequent!}- achieved 
merited distinction in civil life. Many also . be- 
came distinguished soldiers In the War of the 



Rebellion, including such names as John A. 
Logan, Richard J. Oglesby, M. K. Lawler, James 
D. Morgan, W. H. L. Wallace, B. M. Prentiss, 
W. R. Morrison, L. F. Ross, and others. The 
cost of the war, with .$10,000,000 jiaid for territory 
annexe<l, is estimated at §100,500,000 and the 
extent of territory acquired, nearly 1,000,000 
square miles — considerably more than the 
whole of the present territory of the Republic of 
Mexico. 

MEYER, John, lawyer and legislator, was born 
in Holland. Feb. 27, 1852; came to Chicago at the 
age of 12 years ; entered the Northwestern Uni- 
versity, supporting himself by labor during vaca- 
tions and by teaching in a night school, until his 
third year in the university, when he became a 
student in the Union College of Law, being 
admitted to the bar in 1879; was elected from 
Cook County to the Thirty-fifth General Assembly 
(1884), and re-elected to the Thirty -sixth. Thirty- 
eighth and Thirty-ninth, being chosen Speaker of 
the latter (Jan. 18, 1895). Died in office, at Free- 
port, 111., July 3, 1895, during a special session of 
the General Assembly. 

MIAMIS, The. The preponderance of author- 
ity favors the belief that this tribe of Indians was 
originally a part of the lUi-ni or Illinois, but the 
date of their separation from the parent stock 
cannot be told. It is likely, however, that it 
occurred before the French pushed their explo- 
rations from Canada westward and southward, 
into and along the Missi.ssii)pi Valley. Father 
Dablon alludes to the presence of Mianiis (whom 
he calls Ou-mi-a-mi) in a mixed Indian village, 
near the mouth of Fox River of Wisconsin, in 
1670. The orthography of tlieir name is varied. 
The Iroquois and the British generally knew 
them as the "Twightwees," and so they were 
commonly called by the American colonists. 
The Weas and Piankeshaws were of the same 
tribe When La Salle foimded his colony at 
Starved Rock, the Jliamis had villages which 
could muster some 1,950 warriors, of which the 
Weas had 500 and the Piankeshaws 150, the re- 
maining 1,300 being Miamis proper. In 1671 
(according to a written statement by Charlevoix 
in 1721), the Miamis occupied three villages: 
— one on the St. Joseph River, one on the Mau- 
mee and one on the "Ouabache" (Wabash). 
They were friendly toward the French until 
1694, when a large number of them were 
massacred by a party of Sioux, who carried 
firearms which had l>een furnished them by 
the Frenchmen. The breach thus caused was 
never closed. Having become possessed of guns 



374 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



themselves, the Miamis were able, not only to 
hold their own, but also to extend their hunting 
grounds as far eastward as the Scioto, alternately 
warring with the French, Britisli and Americans, 
(ieneral Harrison says o^ them that, ten years 
before the treaty of Greenville, they could have 
brought upon the field a body of 3,000 "of the 
finest light troops in the world," but lacking in 
discipline and enterprise. Border warfare and 
smallpox, however, had, by that date (179,'i), 
greatly reduced their numerical strength. The 
main seat of the Miamis was at Fort Wayne, 
whose residents, because of their superior num- 
bers and intelligence, dominated all other bands 
except the Piankeshaws. The physical and 
moral deterioration of the tribe began immedi- 
ately after the treaty of Greenville. Little by 
little, they ceded their lands to the United States, 
the money received therefor being chiefly squan- 
dered in debauchery. Decimated by vice and 
disease, the remnants of this once powerful abo- 
riginal nation gradually drifted westward across 
the Mississippi, whence their valorous sires had 
emigrated two centuries before. The small rem- 
nant of the band finally settled in Indian Terri- 
tory, but they have made comparatively little 
progress toward civilization. (See also Piauke- 
shaics; Weas. ) 

MICHAEL REESE HOSPITAL, located in 
Chicago, under care of the association known as 
the United Hebrew Charities. Previous to 1871 
this association maintained a small hospital for 
the care of some of its beneficiaries, but it was 
destroyed in the conflagration of that jear, and no 
immediate effort to rebuild was made. In 1880, 
however, Michael Reese, a Jewish gentleman 
who had accumulated a large fortune in Cali- 
fornia, bequeathed 897,000 to the organization. 
With this sum, considerably increased by addi- 
tions from other sources, an imposing building 
was erected, well arranged and thoroughly 
equipped for hospital purposes. The institution 
thus founded was named after its principal bene- 
factor. Patients are received without discrimi- 
nation as to race or religion, and more than half 
those admitted are charity patients. The present 
medical staff consists of thirteen surgeons and 
physicians, several of whom are eminent 
specialists. 

MICHIGAN CENTRAL RAILROAD. The 
main line of this road extends from Chicago 
to Detroit, 370 miles, with trackage facilities 
from Kensington, 14 miles, over the line of the 
Illinois Central, to its terminus in Chicago. 
Branch lines (leased, proprietary and operated) in 



Canada, Michigan, Indiana and Illinois swell the 
total mileage to 1,(543.56 miles— (History.) The 
company was chartered in 1846, and purchased 
from the State of Michigan the line from Detroit 
to Kalamazoo. 144 miles, of which construction had 
been begun in 1836. The road was completed to 
Michigan City in 1850, and, in May, 1852, reached 
Kensington, 111. As at present constituted, the 
road (with its auxiliaries) forms an integral part 
of what is popularly known as the "Vanderbilt 
System." Only 35 miles of the entire line are 
operated in Illinois, of which 29 belong to the 
Joliet & Northern Indiana branch (which see). 
The outstanding capital stock (1898) was S18,- 
738,000 and the funded debt, .519,101,000. Earn- 
ings in Illinois the same year, 8484,002; total 
operating expenses, 8540,905; taxes, 824,250. 

MICHIGAN, LAKE. (See Lake Michigan.) 

MIHALOTZY, Geza, soldier, a native of Hun- 
gary and compatriot of Kossuth in the Magyar 
struggle; came to Chicago in 1848, in 1861 enlisted 
in the One Hundred and Twenty-fom-th Illinois 
Volunteers (first "Hecker regiment"), and, on 
the resignation of Colonel Hecker, a few weeks 
later, was promoted to the Colonelcy. A trained 
soldier, he served with gallantry and distinction, 
but was fatally wounded at Buzzard's Roost, Feb. 
24, 1864, dying at Chattanooga, March 11, 1864. 

MILAN, a town of Rock Island Count}', on the 
Rock Island & Peoria Railway, six miles south of 
Rook Island. It is located on Rock River, has 
several mills, a bank and a newspaper. Popula- 
tion (1880). 845; (1890). 693; (1900), 719. 

MILBURN, (Rev.) William Henry, clergy- 
man, was born in Philadelphia, Sept. 26, 1826. 
At the age of five years he almost totall.y lost 
sight in both eyes, as the result of an accident, 
and subsequent malpractice in their treatment. 
For a time he was able to decipher letters wnth 
difficulty, and thus learned to read. In the face 
of such obstacles he carried on his studies until 
13 years of age, when he accompanied his father's 
family to Jacksonville, 111., and, five years later, 
became an itinerant Methodist preacher. For a 
time he rode a circuit covering 200 miles, preach- 
ing, on an average, ten times a week, for §100 per 
year. In 1845, while on a Mississippi steamboat, 
he publicly rebuked a number of Congressmen, 
who were his fellow passengers, for intemperance 
and gaming. This resulted in his being made 
Chaplain of the House of Representatives. From 
1848 to 1850 he was pastor of a church at Mont- 
gomery, Ala., during which time he was tried 
for heresy, and later became pastor of a "Free 
Church." Again, in 1853, he was chosen Chap- 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



375 



lain of Congress. While in Europe, in 1859, he 
took orders in the Episcopal Churcli, but returned 
to Methodism in 1S71. He has since been twice 
Cliaplain of the House (1885 and "87) and three 
times (18<t;5. "95 and "QT) elected to the same posi- 
tion in tlie Senate He is generally known as 
"the blind preacher" and achieved considerable 
prominence by his eloquence as a lectvner on 
"What a Blind Man Saw in Europe." Among 
his published writings are, "Rifle, Axe and Sad- 
dlebags" (1856), "Ten Years of Preacher Life'' 
(1858) and "Pioneers. Preachers and People of the 
Mississippi Valley" (1800). 

MILCHRIST, Thomas E., lawyer, was born in 
the Isle of Man in 1839, and, at the age of eight 
years, came to America with his parents, who 
settled in Peoria, 111. Here ho attended school 
and worked on a farm until the beginning of the 
Civil War, when he enlisted in the One Hundred 
and Twelfth Illinois Volunteers, serving until 
1865, and being discharged with the rank of Cap- 
tain. After the war he read law with John I. 
Bennett — then of Galena, but later Master in ' 
Chancery of the United States Court at Chicago 
—was admitted to the bar in 1867, and, for a 
number of years, served as State's Attorney in 
Henry County. In 1888 he was a delegate from 
Illinois to the Republican National Convention, 
and the following year was appointed by Presi- 
dent Harrison United States District Attorney- 
for the Northern District of Illinois. Since 
retiring from office in 1893, Mr. Jlilclirist has been 
engaged in private practice in Chicago. In 1898 
he was elected a State Senator for the Fifth Dis- 
trict (city of Chicago) in the Forty-first General 
Assembly. 

MILES, Nelson A., Major-General. was born 
at Westminster, Mass., August 8, 1839, and, at 
the breaking out of the Civil War, was engaged 
in mercantile pursuits in the city of Boston. In 
Octolier. 1861, he entered the service as a Second 
Lieutenant in a Massachusetts regiment, dis- 
tinguislied himself at the battles of Fair Oaks, 
Charles Citj- Cross Roads and Malvern Hill, 
in one of which he was wounded. In Sep- 
tember, 1862, he was Colonel of the Sixty- 
first New York, which he led at Fredericksburg 
and at ChanceUorsviUe, where he was again 
severely wounded. He commanded the First 
Brigade of the First Division of the Second Army 
Corps in the Richmond campaign, and was made 
Brigadier-fieneral, May 12, 18G4, and Major- 
General, by brevet, for gallantry shown at Ream's 
Station, in December of the same year. At the 
close of the war he was commissioned Colonel of 



the Fortieth United States Infantrj-, and distin- 
guished himself in campaigns against the Indians; 
became a Brigadier-General in 1880, and Major- 
General in 1890, in the interim being in command 
of the Department of tlie Columbia, and, after 
1890, of the Missouri, with hcadciuarters at Chi- 
cago. Here he did much to give efficiency and 
importance to the post at Fort Slieridan, and, in 
1894, rendered valuable service in checking the 
strike riots about Chicago. Near the close of the 
year ho was transferred to tlie Department of the 
East, and, on the retirement of General Schotield 
in 1895, was placed in command of tlie army, 
with headquarters in Washington. During the 
Spani.sh-.Vmerican war (1898) General Miles gave 
attention to the fitting out of troojis for tlie Cuban 
and Porto Rican campaigns, and visited Santiago 
during the siege conducted by General Shaffer, 
but took no active command in the field until the 
occupation of Porto Rico, which was conducted 
with rare discrimination and good judgment, and 
with comparatively little loss of life or suffering 
to the troops. 

MILFOKI), a prosperous village of Iroquois 
County, oil the Chicago cfc Eastern Illinois Rail- 
road, 88 miles south of Chicago; is in a rich farm- 
ing region; has water and sewerage systems, 
electric lights, two brick and tile works, three 
large grain elevators, flour mill, three churches, 
good schools, a public library and a weekly news- 
paper. It is an important sliipjiing point for 
grain and live-stock. Population (1890), 957; 
(1900), 1,077. 

MILIT.VRT BOUMY LANDS. (See 3Iihtan, 
Trtwt. ) 

MILITARY TRACT, a popular name given to 
a section of the State, set apart under an act of 
Congress, passed, May 6, 1812, as bounty-lands for 
soldiers in the war with Great Britain commenc- 
ing the same year. Similar reservations in the 
Territories of Michigan and Louisiana (now 
Arkan.sas) were provided for in the same act. 
Tlie lands in Illinois embraced in this act were 
situated between the Illinois and Mississippi 
Rivers, and extended from the junt'tion of these 
Streams due north, by the Fourth Principal Merid- 
ian, to the northern boundary of Township 15 
north of the "Base Line." Tliis "base line" 
started about opposite the present site of Beards- 
town, and extended to a point on the Mississippi 
about seven miles north of Quincy. The north- 
ern border of the "Tract" was identical with 
the northern boundarv- of Mercer County, which, 
extended eastward, reached the Illinois about 
the present village of De Pue, in the southeastern 



370 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



part of Bureau County, where the Illinois makes 
a great bend towards the south, a few miles west 
of the city of Peru. The distance between the 
Illinois and the Mississippi, by this line, was about 
90 miles, and the entire length of the "Tract." 
from its northern boundary to the junction of 
the two rivers, was computed at 169 miles, — con- 
sisting of 90 miles north of the "base line" and 79 
miles south of it, to tlie junction of the rivers. 
The "Tract" was surveyed in 1815-16. It com- 
prised 207 entire townships of six miles square, 
each, and 61 fractional townships, containing an 
area of 5,360,000 acres, of which 3,500,000 acres— 
a little less than two-thirds — were appropriated to 
military bounties. The residue consisted partly 
of fractional sections bordering on rivers, partly of 
fractional quarter-sections bordering on township 
lines, and containing more or less than 160 acres, 
and partly of lands that were returned by the sur- 
veyors as unfit for cultivation. In addition to 
this, there were large reservations not coming 
within the above exceptions, being the overplus 
of lands after satisfying the military claims, and 
subject to entry and purchase on the same con- 
ditions as other Government lands. The "Tract" 
thus embraced the present counties of Calhoun, 
Pike, Adams, Brown, Schuyler, Hancock, Mc- 
Donough, Fulton, Peoria, Stark, Knox, Warren, 
Henderson and Mercer, with parts of Henry, 
Bureau, Putnam and Marshall — or so much of 
them as was necessary to meet the demand for 
bounties. Immigration to this region set in quite 
actively about 1823, and the development of some 
portions, for a time, was very rapid ; but later, its 
growth was retarded by the conflict of "tax- 
titles" and bounty-titles derived by purcliase 
from the original holders. This led to a great 
deal of litigation, and called for considerable 
legislation; but since the adjustment of these 
questions, this region has kept pace with the most 
favored sections of the State, and it now includes 
some of the most important and prosperous towns 
and cities and many of the finest farms in 
Illinois. 

MILITI,\. Illinois, taught by the experiences 
of the War of 1812 and the nece.ssity of providing 
for protection of its citizens again.st the incur- 
sions of Indians on its borders, began the adop- 
tion, at an early date, of such measures as were 
then common in the several States for the main- 
tenance of a State militia. The Constitution of 
1818 made the Governor "Commander-in-Chief 
of the army and navy of this State," and declared 
that the militia of the State should "consist of 
all free male able-bodied persons (negroes, mu- 



lattoes and Indians excepted) resident in the 
State, oetween the ages of 18 and 45 years," and 
this classification was continued in the later con- 
stitutions, except that of 1870, which omits all 
reference to the subject of color. In each there 
is the same general provision exempting persons 
entertaining "conscientious scruples against 
bearing arms," although subject to payment of 
an equivalent for such exemption. The first law 
on the subject, enacted by the first General 
Assembly (1819), provided for the establishment 
of a general militia system for the State; and the 
fact that this was modified, amended or wholly 
changed by acts passed at the sessions of 1831, 
'23, '25, '26, '27, '29, '33, '37 and '39, shows the 
estimation in which the subject was held. Wliile 
many of these acts were of a special character, 
providing for a particular class of organization, 
the general law did little except to require per- 
sons subject to military duty, at stated periods, to 
attend county musters, which were often con- 
ducted in a very informal manner, or made the 
occasion of a sort of periodical frolic. The act of 
July, 1833 (following the Black Hawk War), 
required an enrollment of "all free, white, male 
inhabitants of military age (except such as might 
be exempt under the Constitution or laws)"; 
divided the State into five divisions by counties, 
each division to be organized into a certain speci- 
fied number of brigades. This act was quite 
elaborate, covering some twenty-four pages, and 
provided for regimental, battalion and company 
musters, defined the duties of officers, manner of 
election, etc. The act of 1837 encouraged the 
organization of volunteer companies. The Mexi- 
can War (1845-47) gave a new impetus to this 
class of legislation, as also did the War of the 
Rebellion (1861-6.5). While the oflSce of Adju- 
tant-General had existed from the first, its duties 
^except during the Black Hawk and Mexican 
Wars — were rather nominal, and were discharged 
without stated compensation, the incumbent 
being merely Chief-of-staflf to the Governor as 
Commander-in-Chief. The War of the Rebellion 
at once brought it into prominence, as an impor- 
tant part of the State Government, which it has 
since maintained. The various measures passed, 
during this period, belong rather to the history of 
the late war than to the subject of this chapter. 
In 1865, however, the office was put on a different 
footing, and the important part it had played, 
during the preceding four years, was recognized 
by the passage of "an act to provide for the ap- 
pointment, and designate the work, fix the pay 
and prescribe the duties, of the Adjutant-General 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



377 



of Illinois." During the next four years, its 
most important work was the publication of 
eight volumes of war records, containing a com- 
plete roster of the officers and men of the various 
regiments and other military organizations from 
Illinois, with an outline of their movements and 
a list of the battles iu which they were engaged. 
To the Adjutant-General's office, as now adminis- 
tered, is entrusted the custody of the war- 
records, battle-dags and trophies of tlie late war. 
.V farther stej) was taken, in 1877, in the passage 
of an act fornuilating a military code and jjrovid- 
ing for more thorough organization. Modifying 
amendments to this act were adopted in 1879 and 
1885. While, under these laws, "all able-bodied 
male citizens of this State, between the ages of 18 
and 45" (with certain specified exceptions), are 
declared "subject to military duty, and desig- 
nated as the Illinois State Militia," provision is 
made for the organization of a body of "active 
militia," designated as the "Illinois National 
Guard," to consist of "not more than oighty-four 
companies of infantry, two batteries of artillery 
and two troops of cavalry," recruited by volun- 
tary enlistments for a period of three years, with 
right to re-enlist for one or more years. The 
National Guard, as at present constituted, con- 
sists of three brigades, with a total force of about 
9,000 men. organized into nine regiments, besides 
the batteries and cavalry already mentioned. 
Gatling guns are u.sed by the artillery and breech- 
loading rifles by the infantry. Camps of instruc- 
tion are lield for the regiments, respectively — one 
or more regiments participating — each year, 
usually at "Camp Lincoln" near Springfield, 
when regimental and brigade drills, competitive 
rifle practice and mock battles are had. An act 
establishing the "Naval Militia of Illinois," to 
consist of "not more than eight divisions or com- 
panies," divided into two battalions of four divi- 
sions each, was passed by the (Jeneral As.sembly 
of 1893 — the whole to be under tlie command of 
an officer with the rank of Commander. The 
commanding officer of each battalion is styled a 
"Lieutenant-Commander," and both the Com- 
mander and Lieutenant-Commanders have their 
respective .staffs — their organization, in other 
respects, l)eing conformable to the laws of the 
United States. A set of "Regulations," based 
upon these several laws, lias been prepared by the 
Adjutant-General for the government of the 
various organizations. The Governor is author- 
ized, by law, to call out the militia to resist inva- 
sion, or to suppress violence and enforce execution 
of the laws, when called ujion by the civil author- 



ities of any city, town or county. This autliority. 
however, is exercised with great discretion, and 
only when the local authorities are deemed unable 
to cope with threatened resistance to law The 
officers of the National (luard, when called into 
actual service for the suppression of riot or tlie 
enforcement of the laws, receive the same com- 
pensation paid to officers of the United States 
army of like grade while the enlisted men receive 
S3 per day. During the time they are at any 
encampment, the officers and men alike receive 
$1 per day. with necessary subsistence and cost 
of transportation to and from the encampment. 
(For list of incumbents in Adjutant-General's 
office, see Adjutants-General, see, also, Spanish- 
American War ) 

MILLER, James H., Sjieaker of the House of 
Representatives, was born in Oliio, Maj' 29, 1843; 
in early life came to Toulon, Stark County, 111., 
where he finally engaged in the practice of law. 
At the beginning of the Rebellion he enlisted in 
the Union army, but before being mustered into 
the service, received an injury wliich rendered 
him a cripple for life. Though of feeble physical 
organization and a sufferer from ill-health, he 
was a man of decided ability and much influence. 
He served as State's Attorney of Stark County 
(1872-76) and, in 1884, was elected Representative 
in the Thirty-fourth General Assembly, at the 
following session being one of the most zealous 
supporters of Gen. John A. Logan, in the cele- 
brated contest which resulted in the election of 
the latter, for the third time, to the United States 
Senate. By successive re-elections he also served 
in the Thirty-fifth and Thirty-sixth Gener.al 
Assemblies, during the session of the latter being 
chosen Speaker of the House, as successor to 
A. C. Matthews, who had been appointed, during 
the session. First Comptroller of the Treasurj' at 
Washington. In the earlj' part of the summer 
of 1890, Mr. Miller visited Colorado for the bene- 
fit of his health, but, a week after his arrival at 
Manitou Springs, died suddenly, June 27, 1890. 

MILLS, Benjamin, lawyer and early poli- 
tician, was a native of Western JIa.ssachusetts, 
and described bj- his contemporaries as a highly 
educated and accomplished lawyer, as well as a 
brilliant orator. The exact date of his arrival in 
Illinois cannot be determined with certaintj-, but 
he appears to have been in the "Lead Jline 
Region" alxjut Galena, as early as 1826 or '27, and 
was notable as one of the first "Yankees" to 
locate in that section of the State. He wiis 
elected a Representative in the Eighth General 
Assembly (1832). his district embracing the 



HISTOKICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



counties of Peoria, Jo Daviess, Putnam, La Salle 
and Cook, including all the State north of Sanga- 
mon (as it then stood), and extending from the 
Mississippi River to the Indiana State line. At 
this session occurred the impeachment trial of 
Theophilus W. Smith, of the Supreme Court, Mr. 
Mills acting as Chairman of the Impeachment 
Committee, and delivering a speech of great 
povper and brilliancy, which lasted two or three 
days. In 1834 he was a candidate for Congress 
from tlie Northern District, but was defeated by 
AVilliam L. May (Democrat), as claimed by Jlr. 
Mill's friends, unfairly. He early fell a victim 
to consumption and. returning to Massachusetts, 
died in Berkshire County, in that State, in 1841. 
Hon. R. H. McClellan, of Galena, says of him ; 
"He was a man of remarkable ability, learning 
and eloquence," while Governor Ford, in his 
"History of Illinois," testifies that, "by common 
consent of all his contemporaries, Mr. Mills was 
regarded as the most popular and brilliant lawyer 
of his day at the Galena bar." 

MILLS, Henry A., State Senator, was born at 
New Hartford. Oneida County, N. Y., in 1827; 
located at Mount Carroll, Carroll County, 111., in 
18.56, finally engaging in the banking business at 
that place. Having served in various local 
offices, he was, in 1874, cliosen State Senator for 
the Eleventh District, but died at Galesburg 
before the expiration of his term, July 7, 1877. 

MILLS, Luther Lafliu, lawyer, was born at 
North Adams, Mass., Sept. 3, 1848; brought to 
Chicago in infancy, and educated in the public 
schools of that city and at Michigan State Uni- 
versity. In 1868 he began the studj- of law, was 
admitted to practice three years later, and. in 
1876, was elected State's Attorney, being re- 
elected in 1880. While in this office he was con- 
nected with some of the most important cases 
ever brought before the Chicago corurts. 
Although he has held no official position except 
that already mentioned, his abilities at the bar 
and on the rostrum are widely recognized, and 
his services, as an attorney and an orator, have 
been in frequent demand. 

MILLSTADT, a town in St. Clair County, on 
branch of Mobile & Oliio Railroad. 14 miles south- 
southeast of St. Louis; has electric lights, 
churches, schools, bank, newspaper, coal mines, 
and manufactures flour, beer and butter. Popu- 
lation (1890), 1,186; (1900), 1,173. 

MILWAUKEE & ST. PAUL RAILWAY. (See 
Chicago. 3Iihraukee & Sf. Paul Railway.) 

MINER, Orlin H., State Auditor, was born in 
"Vermont, May 13, 1835; from 1834 to '51 he lived 



in Ohio, the latter year coming to Chicago, where 
he worked at his trade of watch- maker. In 1855 
he went to Central America and was with Gen- 
eral William Walker at Greytown. Returning to 
Illinois, he resumed his trade at Springfield ; in 
1857 he was appointed, by Auditor Dubois, chief 
clerk in the Auditor's office, serving until 1864, 
when he was elected State Auditor as successor 
to his chief. Retiring from office in 1869, he 
gave attention to his private business. He was 
one of the founders and a Director of the Spring- 
field Iron Company. Died in 1879. 

MINIER, a village of Tazewell County, at the 
intersection of the Jacksonville Division of the 
Chicago & Alton and the Terre Haute & Peoria 
Railroads, 36 miles southeast of Peoria; is in fine 
farming district and has .several grain elevators, 
some manufactures, two banks and a newspaper. 
Population (1890). 664; (1900), 746. 

MINONK, a city in Woodford County, 29 miles 
north of Bloomington and 53 miles northeast of 
Peoria, on the Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe and 
the Illinois Central Railways. The surrounding 
region is agricultural, though much coal is 
mined in the vicinity. The city has brick yards, 
tile factories, steam flouring-mills, several grain 
elevators, two private banks and two weekly 
newspapers. Population (1880), 1,913; (1890), 
2,316; (lilOO), 2,.546. 

MINORITY REPRESENTATION, a method of 
choosing members of the General Assembly and 
other deliberative bodies, designed to secure rep- 
resentation, in such bodies, to minority parties. 
In Illinois, this method is limited to the election 
of members of the lower branch of the General 
Assemlily — except as to private corporations, 
which may, at their option, apply it in the election 
of Trustees or Directors. In the apportionment 
of members of the General Assembly (see Legis- 
lative Apportionment), the State Constitution 
requires that the Senatorial and Representative 
Districts shall be identical in territory, each of 
such Districts being entitled to choose one Sena- 
tor and three Representatives. The provisions of 
the Constitution, making specific application of 
the principle of "minority representation" (or 
"cumulative voting, " as it is sometimes called), 
declares that, in the election of Representatives, 
"each qualified voter may cast as many votes for 
one candidate as there are Representatives, or 
(he) may distribute the same, or equal parts 
thereof, among the candidates as he shall see 
fit." (State Constitution, Art. W, sections 7 and 
8.) In practice, this provision gives the voter 
power to cast three votes for one candidate , two 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



379 



votes for one candidate and one for another, or 
one and a lialf votes to each of two candidates, 
or he may distribute his vote eiiually among 
three candidates (giving one to each), but no 
other division is admissible without invalidating 
his ballot as to this office. Other forms of minor- 
ity representation have been proijosed by various 
writers, among whom Mr. Tlumias Hare, John 
Stuart Mill, and Mr. Craig, of England, are most 
prominent ; but that adopted in Illinois seems to 
be the simplest and most easy of application. 

MIX'SHALL, William A., legislator and jurist, 
a native of Ohio who came to Rushville, III., at 
an early day, and entered upon the practice of 
law ; served as Representative in the Eighth, 
Tenth and Twelfth General Assemblies, and as 
Delegate to the State Constitutional Convention 
of 1847. He was elected Judge of the Circuit 
Court for the Fifth Circuit, under the new Con- 
stitution, in 1848, and died in office, early in 1853, 
being succeeded by the late Judge Pinkney H. 
Walker. 

MISSIONARIES, EARLY. The earliest Chris- 
tian missionaries in Illinois were of the Roman 
Catholic faith. As a rule, these accompanied the 
French explorers and did not a little toward the 
extension of French dominion. They were usually 
members of one of two orders — the "Recollects," 
founded by St. Francis, or the "Jesuits." founded 
by Loyola. Between these two bodies of ecclesi- 
astics existed, at times, a strong rivalry ; the 
former having been earlier in the field, but hav- 
ing been virtually subordinated to the latter by 
Cardinal Richelieu. The controversy between 
the two orders gradually involved the civil 
authorities, and continued until the suppression 
of the Jesuits, in France, in 1764. The most noted 
of the Jesuit missionaries were Fathers Allouez, 
Gravier, Marquette, Dablon, Pinet, Rasle, Lamo- 
ges, Binneteau and Marest. Of the Recollects, 
the most conspicuous were Fathers Membre, 
Douay, Le Clerq, Hennepin and Ribourde. 
Besides these, there were also Father Bergier and 
Montigny, who, belonging to no religious order, 
were called secular priests. The first Catholic 
mission, founded in Illinois, was probably that at 
the original Kaskaskia, on the Illinois, in the 
present county of La Salle, where Father Mar- 
quette did missionary work in 1673, followed by 
Allouez in 1677. (See Alloiicz, Claude Jean.) 
The latter was succeeded, in 1688, by Father Grav- 
ier, who was followed, in 1692, by Father Sebas- 
tian Rasle, but who, returning in 1694, remained 
until 1695, when he was succeeded by Pinet 
and Binneteau. In 1700 Father Marest was 



in charge of the mission, and the number of 
Indians among whom he labored was, that year, 
considerably diminisheji by the emigration of the 
Kaskaskias to the south. Father Gravier, about 
this time, labored among the Peorias, but was 
incapacitated by a wound received from the 
medicine man of the tribe, which finally resulted 
in his death, at Mobile, in 1706. The Peoria station 
remained vacant for a time, but was finally filled 
by Father Deville. Another early (Catholic mis- 
sion in Illinois was that at Cahokia. While the 
precise date of its establishment cannot be fixed 
with certainty, there is evidence that it was in 
existence in 1700, being the earliest in that region. 
Among the early Fatliers, who ministered to the 
savages there, were Pinet, St. Cosme, Bergier and 
Lamoges. This mission was at first called the 
Tamaroa, and, later, the mis-sion of St. Sulpice. 
It was probably the first permanent mission in the 
IlUnois Country. Among those in charge, down 
to 1718, were Fathers de Montigny, Damon (prob- 
ably), Varlet, de la Source, and le Mercier. In 
1707, Father Merraet assisted Father Marest at 
Kaskaskia, and, in 1720, that mission became a 
regularly constituted parish, the incumbent being 
Father de Beaulwis. Rev. Philip Boucher 
preached and administered the sacraments at 
Fort St Louis, where he died in 1719, having 
been preceded by Fathers Membre and Ribourde 
in 1680, and by Fathers Douay and Le Clerq in 
1687-88. The persecution and banishment of the 
early Jesuit missionaries, by the Superior Council 
of Louisiana (of which Illinois had formerly been 
a part), in 1763, is a curious chapter in State his- 
tory. That body, following the example of some 
provincial legislative bodies in France, officially 
declared the order a dangerous nuisance, and 
decreed the confiscation of all its property, in- 
cluding plate and vestments, and the razing of 
its churches, as well as the banishment of its 
members. This decree the Louisiana Council 
undertook to enforce in Illinois, disregarding the 
fact that that territory had pa.s.sed under the 
jurisdiction of Great Britain. The Jesuits -seem 
to have offered no resistance, either physical or 
legal, and all members of the order in Illinois 
were ruthlessly, and without a shadow of author- 
ity, carried to New Orleans and thence dep<irted 
to France. Only one — Father Sebastian Louis 
Meurin — was allowed to return to Illinois : and he, 
only after promising to recognize the ecclesiastical 
authority of the Superior Council as supreme, 
and to hold no communication with Quebec or 
Rome. The lalwrs of the missionaries, apart 
from spiritual results, were of great value. They 



380 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



perpetuated the records of early discoveries, 
reduced the language, and even dialects, of the 
aborigines, to grammatical rules, and preserved 
the original traditions and described the customs 
of the savages. (Authorities: Shea and Kip's 
"Catholic Missions," "Magazine of "Western His- 
tory," Winsor's "America," and Shea's "Catholic 
Church in Colonial Days") 

MISSISSIPPI RIVEK. (Indian name, "Missi 
Sipi." the "Great Water.'') Its head waters are 
in the northern part of Minnesota, 1,680 feet 
above tide-water. Its chief source is Itasca 
Lake, which is 1,575 feet higher than the sea, 
and whicli is fed by a stream having its source 
within one mile of the head waters of the Red 
River of the North. From this sheet of water to 
the movith of the river, the distance is variously 
estimated at from 3,000 to 3.160 miles. Lake 
Itasca is in lat. 47° 10' north and Ion. 95° 20' west 
from Greenwich. The river at first runs north- 
ward, but soon turns toward the east and expands 
into a series of small lakes. Its course, as far as 
Crow Wing, is extremely sinuous, below which 
point it runs southward to St. Cloud, tlience south- 
eastward to Minneapolis, where occur the Falls of 
St. Anthony, establishing a complete barrier to 
navigation for the lower Mississippi. In less than 
a mile tiie river descends 66 feet, including a per- 
pendicular fall of 17 feet, furnishing an immense 
water-power, which is utilized in operating flour- 
ing-mills and other manufacturing establish- 
ments. A few miles below St. Paul it reaches 
the western boundary of Wisconsin, where it 
expands into the long and beautiful Lake Pepin, 
bordered by picturesque limestone bluffs, some 
400 feet high. Below Dubuque its general direc- 
tion is southward, and it forms the l)OUndary 
between the States of Iowa, Missouri, Arkansas 
and the northern part of Louisiana, on the 
west, and Illinois, Kentucky, Tennessee and Mis- 
sissippi, on the east. After many sinuous turn 
ings in its southern course, it enters the Gulf of 
Mexico by three principal passes, or mouths, at 
the southeastern extremity of Plaquemines 
Parish, La., in lat. 29" nortli and Ion. 89' 12' 
west. Its i^rincipal affluents on the right are the 
Minnesota, Iowa, Des Moines, Jlissouri, Arkansas 
and Red Rivers, and, on the left, the Wisconsin, 
Illinois and Ohio. The Missouri River is longer 
than that part of the Mississippi above the point 
of junction, the distance from its source to the 
delta of the latter being about 4,300 miles, which 
exceeds that of any otlier river in the world. 
The width of the stream at St. Louis is about 
3,500 feet, at the mouth of the Ohio nearly 4,500 



feet, and at New Orleans about 2,500 feet The 
mean velocity of the current between St. Louis 
and tlie Gulf of Mexico is about five to five and 
one-half miles per hour. The average depth 
below Red River is said to be 121 feet, though, in 
the vicinity of New Orleans, the maximum is said 
to reach 1,10 feet. The principal rapids below the 
Falls of St. Anthony are at Rock Island and the 
Des Moines Rajiids above Keokuk, the former 
having twenty-two feet fall and the latter 
twenty-four feet. A canal around the Des 
Moines Rapids, along the west bank of the river, 
aids navigation. The alluvial banks which pre- 
vail on one or both shores of the lower Mississippi, 
often spread out into extensive "bottoms" which 
are of inexhaustible fertilit}'. The most impor- 
tant of these above the moutli of the Oliio, is the 
"American Bottom," extending along the east 
bank from Alton to Chester. Immense suras 
have been sjient in the construction of levees for 
the protection of the lands along the lower river 
from overflow, as also in the construction of a 
system of jetties at the mouth, to improve navi- 
gation by deepening tlie channel. 

MISSISSIPPI RIVER BRIDGE, THE, one of 
the best constructed railroad bridges in the West, 
spanning the Mississippi from Pike, 111., to Loui- 
siana, Mo. The construction company was char- 
tered, April 25, 1872, and the bridge was ready for 
the passage of trains on Dec. 24, 1873. On Dec. 
3, 1877, it was leased in perpetuity by the Chicago 
& Alton Railw.ay Company, which holds all its 
stock and §1.50,000 of its bonds as an investment, 
paying a rental of 860,000 per annum, to be applied 
in the payment of 7 per cent interest on stock and 
6 per cent on bonds. In 1894, .?71,000 was paid for 
rental, .$16,000 going toward a sinking fund. 

MOBILE & OHIO RAILROAD. This company 
operates 160.6 miles of road in Illinois, of which 
151.6 are leased from the St. Louis & Cairo Rail- 
road. (See St. Louis & Cairo Railroad.) 

MOLINE, a flourishing manufacturing city in 
Rock Island County, incorporated in 1872, on the 
Mississippi above Rock Island and opposite 
Davenport, Iowa; is 168 miles south of west from 
Chicago, and the intersecting point of three 
trunk lines of railway. Moline, Rock Island and 
Davenport are connected by steam and street 
railways, bridges and ferries. All three obtaiu 
water-power from the Mississippi. The region 
around Moline is rich in coal, and several pro- 
ductive mines are operated in the vicinity. It is 
an important manufacturing point, its chief out- 
puts being agricultural implements, filters, malle- 
able iron, steam engines, vehicles, lumber, organs 



HISTOJaCAL KNCYCLOPEDIA 01' ILLINOIS. 



381 



(pipe anil reed), paper. le;ul-roofing. wiiul-inills, 
nulling niat-hiiiei y. and furniture. The city lias 
admirable water-works, several churches, good 
schools, gas and electric light plants, a public 
library, five banks, three daily and weekly 
papers. It also has an e.vtensive electric power 
plant, electric street cars and interurban line. 
Population (1890). 13,000; (1900), 17.248. 

MOLONEY, Maiirirc T,, cx-.Vttorney-CJeneral, 
wa.s born iu Ireland, in IHVJ, came to . America in 
1807, and. after a course in the Seminary of "Oui' 
Lady of the Angels" at Niagara Falls, studied 
theology; then taught for a time in ^'irginia and 
studied law at the University of that State, 
graduating in 1871, finally locating at Ottawa, 
111., where he served three years as .State's Attor- 
ney of I-a Salle County, and, in 1892, was nomi- 
nated and elected Attorney-General on the 
Democratic State ticket, serving until January, 
1897. ., 

MOMEXCE, a town in Kankakee County, situ- 
ated on the Kankakee River and at the intersec- 
tion of the Chicago it Eastern Illinois and the 
Indiana. Illinois & Iowa Railroads, 54 miles south 
of Chicago; has water power, a flouring mill, 
enameled brick factory, railway repair shops, two 
banks, two newspapers, five churches and two 
schools. Population (1890), 1,635; (1900), 2,026. 

MOXMOITH. tlio county-seat of Warren 
County, 2(> miles east of the Mi.s.sissippi River; at 
point of inter.section of two lines of the Chicago, 
Burlington it Quincy and tlie Iowa Central Rail- 
ways. The Santa Fe enters Monmouth on the 
Iowa Central lines. The surrounding couutry is 
agricultural and coal yielding. The city has 
manufactories of agricultural implements, sewer- 
pipe, pottery, paving brii'k. and cigars. Mon- 
mouth College (United Presbyterian) was 
chartered in 1857. and the library of this institu- 
tion, with that of Warren County (also located 
at Jlonmouth) aggregates iiO.OOO volume.s. There 
are three national banks, two daily, three weekly 
and two other periodical publications. An ap- 
propriation was made by the Fifty-fifth Congress 
for the erection of a Government building at 
Monmouth Population (1890). 5.936; (1900V 7,460. 

MONMOl'TH COLLEGE, an educational insti- 
tution, controlled by the United Presbyterian 
denomination, but non-sectarian; located at Mon- 
mouth. It was founded in 1850, its first cla,ss 
graduating in 1858. Its Presidents have been 
Drs. D. A. Wallace (18.5G-78) and J. B. McMichael. 
the latter occupying the position from 1878 vrutil 
1897. In 1896 the faculty consisted of fifteen 
iii'^tructors and the number of students was 289.' 



The college campus covers ten acres, tastefully 
laid out. The institution confers four degrees — 
A.B., B.S., M.B., and B.L. For the conferring 
of the firet three, four years' study is required; 
for the degree of B. L., three years. 

MONROE, George D., State Senator, was born 
in .lelferson County, N. Y., Sept. 24, 1844, and 
came with liis parents to Illinois iji 1849. His 
father having been elected Sheriff of Will County 
in 1804. he became a resident of Joliet, serving 
as a deputy in his father's ofiice. In 1865 he 
engaged in merchandising as the partner of his 
father, which was e.xchanged, some fifteen years 
later, for the wholesale grocery trade, and, finally, 
for the real-estate and mortgage-loan business, in 
which he is .still emidoyed. He ha.s also been 
extensively engaged in the stone business s<.>me 
twenty years, being a large stockholder in the 
Western Stone Company and Vice-President of 
the (X)ncern. In 1894 Mr. Jlonroe was elected, as 
a Republican, to the State Senate from the 
Twenty-fifth District, serving in the Thirty ninth 
and Fortieth General Assemblies, and proving 
himself one of the most influential nieml)ers of 
that body. 

MOXROE COUMY, situated in the soutliwest 
part of the State, bordering on the Mississi])pi — 
named for President Monroe. Its area is al)out 
380 scpiare miles. It was organized in 1816 and 
included within its boundaries several of the 
French villages which constituted, for many 
years, a center of civilization in the West. 
American .settlers, however, began to locate in 
the district as early as 1781. The county has a 
diversified surface and is heavily timl)ered. The 
soil is fertile, embracing both upland and river 
bottom. .Xgriculturc and the manufacture and 
shipping of lumber constitute leading occupations 
of the citizens. Waterloo is the county-seat. 
Population (1890), 12 948; (1900), 13.847. 

M0NT(;0ME1{Y COl'XTY, an interior county, 
situated northeast of St. Louis and south of 
Springfield; area 702 sipiare miles, population 
(190W), 30.836— derives its name from Gen. Richard 
Montgomery. The earliest settlements by Ameri- 
cans were toward the close of ISUi, county organi- 
zation being effected ti\e years later. The entire 
population, at that time, .scarcely exceeded 10l> 
families. The surface is undulating, well watered 
and timbered. The seat of county government is 
located at Hillsboro. Litchfield is an important 
town. Here are situated car-shops and some 
manufacturing establishments. ConspicuoiLs in 
the county's history as i>ioneers were Harris 
Reavis. Henry Pyatt. .luhii Levi, Aaron Casey 



382 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



John Tillson. Hiram Rountree, the Wrights 
(Joseph and Charles), the Hills (Johu and 
Henry), WilUam Mc David and John Russell. 

MONTICELLO, a city and the county-seat of 
Piatt County, on the Sangamon River, midway 
between Chicago and St. Louis, on the Kankakee 
and Bloomington Division of the Illinois Central, 
and the Chicago and St. Louis Division of the 
Wabash Railways. It lies within the ' 'corn belt, " 
and stock-raising is extensively carried on in the 
surrounding country. Among the city industries 
are a foundry and machine shops, steam flour and 
planing mills, broom, cigar and harness-making, 
and patent fence and tile works. The citj' is 
lighted by electricity, has several elevators, an 
excellent water system, numerous churches and 
good schools, with banks and three weekly 
papers. Population (1890), l,G4:i; (1900), 1,983. 

MONTICELLO FEMALE SExMIXARY, the 
second institution established in Illinois for the 
higher education of women — Jacksonville Female 
Seminary being the first. It was founded 
through the munificence of Capt. Benjamin 
Godfrey, who donated fifteen acres for a site, at 
Godfrey, Madison Coimty, and gave $53,000 
toward erecting and equipping the buildings. 
The institution was opened on April 11, 1838, 
with sixteen young lady pupils. Rev. Theron 
Baldwin, one of the celebrated "Yale Band," 
being the first Principal. In 1845 he was suc- 
ceeded by Miss Philena Fobes, and she, in turn, 
by Miss Harriet N. Haskell, in 1866, who still 
remains in charge. In Noveiuber, 1883, the 
seminary building, with its contents, was burned ; 
but the institution continued its sessions in tem- 
porary quarters until the erection of a new build- 
ing, which was soon accomplished through the 
generosity of alumntv and friends of female edu- 
cation throughout tlie country. The new struc- 
ture is of stone, three stories in height, and 
thoroughly modern. Tlie average number of 
pupils is 150, with fourteen instructors, and the 
standard of the institution is of a high character. 

MOORE, Clifton H., lawyer and financier.: was 
born at Kirtland, Lake County, Ohio, Oct. 26, 
1817; after a brief season spent in two academies 
and one term in the Western Reserve Teachers' 
Seminary, at Kirtland, in 1839 he came west 
and engaged in teaching at Pekin, 111., while 
giving his leisure to the study of law. He spent 
the next year at Tremont as Deputy County and 
Circuit Clerk, was admitted to the bar at Spring- 
field in 1841, and located soon after at Clinton. 
DeWitt County, which has since been his home. 
In partnership with the late Judge David Davis, 



of Bloomington, Mr, Moore, a few years later, 
began operating extensively in Illinois lands, and 
is now one of the largest land proprietors in 
the State, besides being interested in a number 
of manufacturing ventures and a local bank. 
The only official position of importance he has 
held is that of Delegate to the State Constitu- 
tional Convention of 1869-70, He is an enthusi- 
astic collector of State historical and art treasures, 
of which he possesses one of the most valuable 
private collections in Illinois. 

MOORE, Henry, pioneer lawyer, came to Chi- 
cago from Concord, Mass., in 1834, and was 
almost immediately admitted to the bar, also 
acting for a time as a clerk in the office of Col. 
Richard J. Hamilton, who held pretty much all 
the county offices on the organization of Cook 
County. Mr. Moore was one of the original 
Trustees of Rush Medical College, and obtained 
from the Legislature the first chajter for a gas 
company in Chicago. In 1838 he went to Ha- 
vana, Cuba, for the benefit of his failing health, 
but subsequently returned to Concord, Mass., 
where he died some j'ears afterward. 

MOORE, Jame.s, i)ioneer, was born in the State 
of Maryland in 1750 ; was married in his native 
State, about 1773, to Miss Catherine Biggs, later 
removing to Virginia. In 1777 he came to the 
Illinois Country as a spy, preliminary to the con- 
templated expedition of Col, George Rogers 
Clark, which captured Kaskaskia in July, 1778. 
After the Clark expedition (in which he served 
as Captain, by appointment of Gov. Patrick 
Henry), he returned to Virginia, where he 
remained until 1781, when he organized a party 
of emigrants, which he accompanied to Illinois, 
spending the winter at Kaskaskia. The following 
year they located at a point in the northern part 
of Monroe Coimty, which afterwards received 
the name of Bellefontaine. After his arrival in 
Illinois, he organized a company of '"Minute 
Men," of whicli he was chosen Captain. He was 
a man of prominence and influence among the 
early settlers, but died in 1788. A numerous and 
influential family of his descendants have grown 
up in Southern Illinois. — John (Moore), son of 
the preceding, was born in JIaryland in 1773, and 
brought by his father to Illinois eight years later. 
He married a sister of Gen. John D. Whiteside, 
who afterwards became State Treasurer, and also 
served as Fund Commissioner of the State of Illi- 
nois under the internal improvement system. 
Moore was an offlcer of the State Militia, and 
served in a company of rangers during the War 
of 1812; was also the first County Treasurer of 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



383 



Monroe County. Died, July 4. IMIW.— James B. 
(Moore), the third son of Capt. J.iines lloore, was 
born in 1780, and brought to Illinois by his par- 
ents: in his early manhood he followed the 
bvisiness of keel-boating on the Mississippi and 
Ohio Rivers, visiting New Orleans, Pittsburg and 
other points ; became a prominent Indian fighter 
during the War of 1812. and was commissioned 
Captain by Governor Edwards and authorized to 
raise a company of mounted rangers; also 
served as Sherilf of Monroe County, by appoint- 
ment of Governor Edwarils, in Territorial days; 
was Presidential Elector in 1820, and State Sena- 
tor for Madison County in 1836-40. dying in the 
latter year. — Enoch (Moore), fourth son of Capt. 
James Moore, the pioneer, was born in the old 
blockhouse at Belief ontaine in 1782, being the 
first child born of American parents in Illinois; 
served as a "ranger" in the company of his 
brother, James B. ; occupied the oni<-e of Clerk of 
the Circuit Court, and afterwards that of Judge 
of Probate of Monroe County during the Terri- 
torial period ; wiis Delegate to the Constitutional 
Convention of 1818, and served as Representative 
from Monroe County in the Second General 
Assembly, later filling various county offices for 
some twenty years. He died in 1848. 

MOORE, Jesse H., clergyman, soldier and Con- 
gressman, born near Lebanon, St. Clair County, 
111., April 22, 1817, and graduated from McKen- 
dree College in 1842. For thirteen years he was 
a teacher, during portions of this period being 
successively at the head of three literary insti- 
tutions in the West. In 1849 he was ordained a 
minister of the Methodist Episcopal Church, but 
resigned pastorate duties in 18(52, to take part in 
the War for the Union, organizing the One Hun- 
dred and Fifteenth Regiment Illinois Volunteers, 
of which he was commissioned Colonel, also serving 
as brigiide commander during the last year of the 
war, and being brevetted Brigadier-General at its 
close. After the war he re-entered the ministry. 
but, in 1868, while Presiding Elder of the Decatur 
District, he was elected to the Forty-first Con- 
gress as a Republican, being re-elected in 1870; 
afterwards served as Pension Agent at Spring- 
field, and. in 1881, was appointed United States 
Consul at Callao, Peru, dying in office, in that 
city, July 11. 1883. 

MOOKE, John, Lieutenant Governor (1842-46) ; 
was born in Lincolnshire, Eng.. Sept. 8, 1793; 
came to America and settled in Illinois in 1830, 
spending most of his life as a resident of Bloom- 
ington. In 1838 he was elected to the lower 
branch of the Eleventh General Assembly from 



the McLean District, and, in 1840, to the Senate, 
but before the clo.se of his term, in 1842, was 
elected Lieutenant-Governor with (jov. Thomas 
Ford. At the outbreak of the Mexican War he 
took a conspicuous part in recruiting the Fourth 
Regiment Illinois Volunteers (Col. E. D. Baker's), 
of which he was chosen Lieutenant-Colonel, 
serving gallantly throughout the struggle. In 
1848 he was appointed State Treasurer, as succes- 
sor of Milton Carpenter, who died in office. In 
18.50 he was elected to the same office. aii<I con- 
tinued to discharge its duties until 18.57, when he 
was succeeded by James Miller. Died, Sept. 23, 
1863. 

MOORE, Risdon, pioneer, was born in Dela- 
ware in 1760; removed to North Carolina in 1789, 
and, a few years later, to Hancock County, Ga., 
where he served two terms in the Legislature. 
Ho emigrated from Georgia in 1812. and settled 
in St. Clair County. 111. — besides a family of fif- 
teen white persons, bringing with him eighteen 
colored people — the object of his removal being 
to get rid of slavery. He purchased a farm in 
what was known as the "Turkey Hill Settle- 
ment," about four miles east of Belleville, where 
he resided until his death in 1828. Mr. Moore 
became a prominent citizen, was elected to the 
Second Territorial House of Representatives, and 
was chosen Speaker, serving as such for two ses- 
sions (1814-15). He was also Representative from 
St. Clair County in the First. Second and Third 
(Jeneral Assemblies after the admission of Illinois 
into the Union. In the last of these he was one 
of the most zealous opponents of the pro-slavery 
Convention scheme of 1822-24. He left a numer- 
ous and highly respected family of descendants, 
wlio were afterwards prominent in public affairs. — 
William (Moore), his son, served as a Captain in 
the War of 1812, and al.so commanded a company 
in the Black Hawk War. Ho represented St. 
Clair County in the lower branch of the Ninth 
and Tenth General Assemblies; was a local 
preacher of the Methodist Church, and was Presi- 
dent of the Board of Trustees of McKendree Col- 
lege at the time of his death in 1849.— Risdon 
(Moore), Jr., a cousin of the first named RLsdon ^ 
Moore, was a Representative from St. Clair County 
in the Fourth General Assembly and Senator in 
the Sixth, but died before the expiration of his 
term, being succeeded at the next session by 
Adam W. Snyder. 

MOORE, Stephen Riohey, lawyer, was born of 
Scotch ancestry, in Cincinnati, Ohio. Sept. 22. 
1833; in 1851, entered Farmers' College near Cin- . 
cinnati, graduating in 18.56, and, having riualified 



384 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPI<]DIA OF ILLINOIS 



himself for the practice of law, located the fol- 
lowing year at Kankakee, 111., whicli has since 
been his home. In 1858 he was employed in 
defense of the late Father Chiniquy. who recently 
died in Montreal, in one of the celebrated suits 
begun against him by dignitaries of the Roman 
Catholic Church. Mr. Moore is a man of strik- 
ing appearance and great independence of char- 
acter, a Methodist in religious belief and has 
generally acted politically in co-operation with 
the Democratic party, though strongly anti- 
slavery in his views. In 1872 he was a delegate 
to the Liberal Republican Convention at Cin- 
cinnati which nominated Mr. Greeley for the 
Presidency, and, in 189G, participated in the same 
way in the Indianapolis Convention which nomi- 
nated Gen. John M. Palmer for the same office, in 
the following campaign giving the "Gold Democ- 
racy" a vigorous support. 

MORAN, Tliomas A., lawyer and jurist, was 
born at Bridgeport, Conn., Oct. 7, 1839; received 
his preliminary education in the district schools 
of Wisconsin (to which State his father's family 
had removed in 1846), and at an academe' at 
Salem. Wis. ; began reading law at Kenosha in 
1859, meanwhile supporting himself bj' teaching. 
In May, 186.5. he graduated from the Albany 
(N. Y. ) Law School, and the same year com- 
menced practice in Chicago, rapidly rising to the 
front rank of his jjrofession. In 1879 he was 
elected a Judge of the Cook County Circuit Court, 
and re-elected in 1885. At the expiration of his 
second term he resumed private practice. While 
on the bench he at first heard only common law 
cases, but later divided tlie business of the equity 
side of the court with Judge Tuley. In June, 
1886, he was assigned to the bench of the Appel- 
late Court, of which tribunal he was. for a j'ear, 
Chief Justice. 

MORtJAN, James Dady, soldier, was born in 
Boston, Mass.. August 1, 1810, and, at 16 years of 
age, went for ii three years' trading voyage on 
the ship "Beverly." When thirty days out a 
mutiny arose, and shortly afterward the vessel 
was burned. Morgan escaped to South America, 
and, after many hardships, returned to Boston. 
In 1834 he removed to Quincy, 111., and engaged 
in mercantile pursuits; aided in raising the 
"Quincy Grays" during the Mormon difficulties 
(1844-45) ; during the Mexican War commanded a 
company in the First Regiment Illinois Volun- 
teers ; in 1861 became Lieutenant-Colonel of the 
Tenth Regiment in the three months" service, 
and Colonel on reorganization of the regiment 
for three years ; was promoted Brigadier-General 



in July, 1862. for meritorious service ; commanded 
a brigade at Nashville, and, in March, 1863, was 
brevetted Major-General for gallantry at Benton- 
ville, N. C, being mustered out, August 24, 1865. 
After the war he resumed business at Quincy, 
111., being President of the Quincy Gas Company 
and Vice-President of a bank; was also Presi- 
dent, for some time, of the Society of the Army 
of the Cumberland. Died, at Quincy, Sept. 12, 1896. 

MORGAN COUNTY, a central county of the 
State, h'ing west of Sangamon, and bordering on 
the Illinois River — named for Gen. Daniel 5Ior- 
gan; area, 580 square miles; population (1900), 
35,006. The earliest American settlers wert 
probably Elisha and Sej-mour Kellogg, who 
located on Mauvaisterre Creek in 1818. Dr. George 
Caldwell came in 1820, and was the first phy- 
sician, and Dr. Ero Chandler settled on the pres- 
ent site of the city of Jacksonville in 1821. 
Immigrants began to arrive in large numbers 
about 1822. and, Jan. 31, 1823 the county was 
organized, the first election being held at the 
house of James G. Swinerton, six miles south- 
west of the present city of Jacksonville. 01m- 
stead's Mound was the first county-seat, but this 
choice was only temporary. Two years later, 
Jacksonville was selected, and has ever since so 
continued. (See Jacksonville.) Cass County 
was cut off from Morgan in 1837, and Scott 
County in 1839. About 1837 Morgan was the 
most populous county in the State. The county 
is nearly equally divided between woodland and 
prairie, and is well %vatered. Besides the Illinois 
River on its western border, there are several 
smaller streams, among them Indian, Apple, 
Sandy and Mauvaisterre Creeks. Bituminous 
coal underlies the eastern part of the county, and 
thin veins crop out along the Illinois River 
Viluffs. Sandstone has also been (juarried. 

MORGAN PARK, a suburban village of Cook 
County, 13 miles south of Chicago, on the Chi- 
cago, Rock Island & Pacific Railway ; is the seat 
of the Academy (a preparatory branch) of the 
University of Chicago and the Scandinavian De- 
[lartment of the Divinity School connected with 
the same institution. Population (1880), 187; 
(1890), 1,027; (1900), 2,329. 

MORMONS, a religious sect, founded by Joseph 
Smith, Jr., at Fayette, Seneca Coimty, N. Y., 
August 6, 1880, styling themselves the "Church of 
Jesus Christ of Latter- Da}' Saints. " Membership 
in 1892 was estimated at 230,000, of whom some 
20,000 were outside of the United States. Their 
religious teachings are peculiar. Tliey avow faith 
in the Trinity and in the Bible (as by them 



HISTORICAL EXrY( LDPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



?jSi 



interpreted). They believe, liowever, that the 
"Book of Mormon'' — assumed to be of divine 
origin and a direct revelation to Smith — is of 
eqiuil authoritj- with the Scriptures, if not supe- 
rior to them. Among their ordinances are 
kiptism and the laying-on of hands, and, in their 
church organization, they recognize various orders 
— apostles, prophets, pastors, teachei-s. evangel- 
ists, etc. They also believe in the restoration of 
the Ton Tribes and the literal re assembling of 
Israel, the return and rule of Christ in person, 
and the rebuilding of Zion in America. Polyg- 
amy is encouraged and made an article of faith, 
though professedly not practiced under existing 
laws in the United States. The supreme power 
is vested in a President, who has authority in 
temporal and spiritual affairs alike; although 
there is le.ss effort now than formerly, on the part 
of the priesthood, to interfere in tein])oralities. 
Driven from New York in 1831, Smith and his 
followers first settled at Kirtland, Ohio. There, 
for a time, the sect flourished and built a temple; 
but, within seven years, their doctrines and prac- 
tices excited so much hostility that they were 
forced to make another removal. Their next 
settlement was at Far West, Mo. ; but here the 
hatred toward them became so intense as to 
result in open war. From Jlis.souri they 
recrossed the Mississijjpi and founded the city 
of Xauvoo, near Commerce, in Hancock County, 
111. The charter granted by the Legislature was 
an extx'aordinary instrument, and well-nigh made 
the city independent of the State. Nauvoo .soon 
obtained commercial importance, in two years 
becoming a city of some Ifi.OOO inhabitants. The 
Mormons rapidly became a powerful factor in 
State politics, when there broke out a more 
bitter publii; enmity than the sect liad yet en- 
countered. Internal dissensions also sprang up, 
and, in 1844, a discontented Mormon founded a 
new.spaper at Nauvoo, in which he violently 
assailed the prophet and threatened him with 
exposure. Smith's answer to this was the de- 
struction of the printing office, and the editor 
promptly secured a warrant for his arrest, return- 
able at Carthage. Smith went before a friendly 
ju.stice at Nauvoo. who promptly discharged him. 
hut he p<isitively refused to appear before the 
Carthage magistrate. Thereupon the latter 
issued a second warrant, charging Smith with 
treiuson. This also wa.s treated with contempt. 
The militia was called out to make the arrest, and 
the Mormons, who had formed a strong military 
organization, armed to defend their leailer. 
After a few trifling clashes between the soldiers 



and the "Saints," Smith was persuaded to sur- 
render and go to Carthage, the coimty-seat, where 
he was incarcerated in the county jail. Within 
twenty-four hours (on Sunday, June 37, 1844). a 
mob attacked the prison. Joseph Smith and his 
brother Hyrum were killed, and .some of their 
adherents, who had accomi)anied them to jail 
were wounded. Brigham Young (then an 
apostle) at once assumed the leadership and. 
after several months of intense jjojiular excite- 
ment, in the following year led his followers 
across the Mississippi, finally locating (1817) in 
Utah. (See also Nauvoo.) There their history 
has not been free from charges of crime; but. 
whatever may be the character of the leaders, 
they have succeeded in building up a prosperous 
community in a region which tliey found a vir- 
tual desert, a little more than forty j-ears ago. 
The polity of the Church has been greatly modi- 
fied in consequence of restrictions placed upon it 
by Congressional legislation, especiallj- in refer- 
ence to polygamy, and by contact with other 
comm\inities. (See Smith, Joseph.) 

MORRIS, a city and the county-seat of Grundy 
County, on the Illinois River, the Illinois & 
Michigan Canal, and the Chicago, Rock Island & 
Pacific Railroad. 61 miles .southwest of Chicago. 
It is an extensive grain market, and the center of 
a region rich in bituminous coal. There is valu- 
able water power here, and much manufacturing 
is done, including builders' hardware, plows, iron 
specialties, paper car-wheels, brick and tile, flour 
and planing- mills, oatmeal and tanned leather 
There are also a normal and scientific school, two 
national banks and three daily and weekly news- 
I)apers. Population (1880), 3,480; (1890), :!,(i.-)3; 
(1900>. 4.273. 

MORRIS, Buckner Smith, early lawyer born 
at Augusta, Ky., August 19. 1800; was admitted 
to the bar in 1827, and. for seven years thereafter 
continued to reside in Kentucky, serving two 
terms in the Legislature of that State. In 1834 
he removed to Chicago, took an active part in 
the incorporation of the city, and was elected its 
second Mayor in 1838. In 1840 he was a Whig 
candidate for Presidential Elector. Abraham 
Lincoln running on the same ticket, and. in 
18.52, was defeated as the Whig candidate for 
Secretary of State. He wiis elected a Judge of 
the Seventh Circuit in 1851, but declined a re- 
nomination in 1855. In 1856 he accepted the 
American (or Know-Nothing) nomination for 
Governor, and, in 18C0, that of the Bell-Everett 
party for the same oflTice. He was vehemently 
opposed to the election of either Lincoln or 



386 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



Bieckeniidge to the Presidency, believing that 
civil war would result in either event. A shadow 
was thrown across his life, in 1804, by his arre.st 
and trial for alleged complicity in a rebel jilot to 
burn and pillage Chicago and liberate the 
prisoners of war held at Camp Douglas. The 
trial, however, which was held at Cincinnati, 
resulted in his acquittal. Died, in Kentucky, 
Dec. 18, 1879. Those who knew Judge Morris, in 
his early life in the city of Chicago, describe him 
as a man of genial and kindly disposition, in spite 
of his opposition to the abolition of slavery — a 
fact which, no doubt, liad much to do with liis 
acquittal of the charge of complicity with the 
Camp Douglas conspiracy, as the evidence of his 
being in communication with the leading con- 
spirators appears to have been conclusive. (See 
Camp Duiujlaa Conspiracy.) 

MORRIS, Freeman P., lawyer and politician, 
was born in Cook County, 111., March 19, 1854, 
labored on a farm and attended the district 
school in his youth, but completed his education 
in Chicago, graduating from the Union College 
of Law, and was admitted to practice in 1874, 
when he located at Watseka, Iroquois County. 
In 1884 he was elected, as a Democrat, to the 
House of Representatives from the Iroquois Dis- 
trict, and has since been re-elected in 1888, '94, 
"96, being one of the most influential members of 
his party in that body. In 1893 he was appointed 
by Governor Altgeld Aid-de-Camp, with the rank 
of Colonel, on his personal staff, but resigned in 
1896. 

MORRIS, Isaac Newton, lawyer and Congress- 
man, was born at Bethel, Clermont County, 
Ohio, Jan. 22, 1812; educated at Miami Univer- 
sity, admitted to the bar in 1835, and the next 
year removed to Quincj-. 111. ; was a member and 
President of the Board of Canal Commissioners 
(1842-43), served in the Fifteenth General Assem- 
bly (1846-48) ; was elected to Congress as a Demo- 
crat in 1856, and again in 1858, but opposed the 
admission of Kansas under the Lecompton Con- 
stitution ; in 1868 supported General Grant — who 
had been his friend in boyhood — for President, 
and, in 1870, was appointed a member of the 
Union Pacific Railroad Commission. Died, Oct. 
29, 1879. 

MORRISON, a city, the county -seat of White- 
side County, founded in 1855; is a station on the 
Chicago & Northwestern Railroad, 124 miles 
west of Chicago. Agriculture, dairying and 
stock-raising are the principal pursuits in the 
surrounding region. The city has good water- 
works, sewerage, electric lighting and several 



manufactories, including carriage and refriger 
ator works; also has numerous churches, a large 
graded school, a public library and adequate 
banking facilities, and two weekly papers. 
Greenhouses for cultivation of vegetables for 
winter market are carried on. Pop. (1900), 2,308. 

MORRISON, Isaac L., lawyer and legislator, 
born in Barren County, Ky., in 1826; was edu- 
cated in the common schools and the Masonic 
Seminary of his native State; admitted to the 
bar, and came to Illinois in 1851, locating at 
Jacksonville, where he has become a leader of 
the bar and of the Republican party, which he 
assisted to organize as a member of its first State 
Convention at Bloomington, in 1850. He was also 
a delegate to the Republican National Convention 
of 1804, which nominated Abraham Lincoln for 
the Presidency a second time. Mr. Morrison was 
three times elected to the lower house of the 
General Assembly (1876, '78 and "82), and, by his 
clear judgment and incisive powers as a pubUc 
speaker, took a high rank as a leader in that 
body. Of late years, he has given his attention 
solely to the practice of his profession in 
Jacksonville. 

MORRISON, James Lowery Donaldson, poli- 
tician, lawyer and Congressman, was born at Kas- 
kaskia. 111., April 12, 1816; at the age of 16 was 
appointed a midshipman in the United States 
Navy, but leaving the service in 1836, read law 
with Judge Nathaniel Pope, and was admitted to 
the bar, practicing at Belleville. He was elected 
to the lower house of the General Assembly from 
St. Clair County, in 1844, and to the State Senate 
in 1848, and again in "54. In 1852 he was an 
unsuccessful candidate for the Lieutenant-Gov- 
ernorship on the Whig ticket, but. on the disso- 
lution of that party, allied himself with the 
Democracy, and was, for many years, its leader in 
Southern Illinois. In 1855 he was elected to Con- 
gress to fill the vacancy caused by the resigna- 
tion of Lyman Trumbull, who had been elected to 
the United States Senate. In 1860 he was a can- 
didate before the Democratic State Convention 
for the nomination for Governor, but was defeated 
by James C. Allen. After that year he took no 
prominent part in public affairs. At the outbreak 
of the Mexican War lie was among the first to 
raise a company of volunteers, and was commis- 
sioned Lieutenant-Colonel of the Second Regiment 
(Colonel Bissell's). For gallant services at Buena 
Vista, the Legislature presented him with a 
sword. He took a prominent part in the incor- 
poration of railroads, and, it is claimed, drafted 
and introduced in the Legislature the charter of 



IIISTORK'AL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



387 



the Illinois Central Railroad in 1851. Died, at 
St. Louis. Mo.. Au.itust 14, 1SS8. 

MORRISON, William, pioneer mercliant, came 
from Philadelphia. Pa., to Ka.skaskia. Ill . in IT'JO, 
as representative of the mercantile house of 
Bryant & Morrison, of Philadelphia, and finally 
established an extensive trade throughout the 
Mississippi Vallej', supplying merchants at St. 
Louis. St. Genevieve, Cape Girardeau and New 
Mailrid. He is also said to have sent an agent 
with a stock of goods across tlie plains, with a 
view to opening up traile with the Mexicans at 
Santa Fe, about 1804. but was defrauded by the 
agent, who appropriated the goods to his own 
benetit without accounting to his employer. 
He became the principal merchant in the Terri- 
tory, doing a thriving business in early days, 
when Kaskaskia was the principal supply point 
for merchants throughout the valley. He is de- 
scribeii as a public-spirited, enterprising man, to 
wlioni was due the chief part of the credit for 
securing construction of a bridge across the Kas- 
kaskia River at the town of that name. He died 
at Kaskaskia in 1837, and was buried in the ceme- 
tery there. — Robert (Morrison), a brother of the 
preceding, came to Kaskaskia in 1793, was 
appointed Clerk of the Common Pleas Court in 
1801. retaining the position for many years, 
l)esides holding other local offices. He was the 
father of Col. James L. D. Morrison, politician 
and soldier of the Jlexican War. wliose sketch is 
given elsewhere. — Joseph (Morri.son), the oldest 
sop of William Morrison, went to Ohio, residing 
there several years, but finally returned to Prairie 
du Rocher, where he died in 184."). — James, 
another son, went to Wisconsin ; William located 
at Belleville, dying there in 1843; while Lewis? 
another son, settled at Covington, Washington 
County. 111., where he practiced medicine up to 
1851 : then engaged in mercantile business at 
Chester, clying there in ISHfi. 

MORRISON, William Ralls, ex-Congressman. 
Interstate Commerce Commissioner, was born. 
Sept. 14, 1825, in Monroe County, 111., and edu- 
cated at SIcKendree College : served as a private 
in the Mexican War, at its close studied law, and 
was admitted to the bar in 18.55: in 1852 was 
elected Clerk of the Circuit Court of Monroe 
County, but resigned before the close of his term, 
accepting the office of Representative in the State 
Legislature, to which he wa-s elected in 1854; was 
re-elected in 185(>. and again in 18.58, serving as 
Speaker of the Ho\ise during the se.ssion of 1859. 
In 1861 he assisted in organizing the Forty-ninth 
Regiment Illinois Volunteers and was commis- 



sioned Colonel. The regiment was mustered in. 
Dec. 31, 1861. and took part in the battle of Fort 
DoneLson in February following, where he was 
severely wounded. While yet in the service, in 
1863, he was elected to Congress as a Democrat, 
when he resigned his commission, but was de- 
feated for re-election, in 1864, by Jehu Baker, as 
he was again in 1806. In 1870 he was again 
elected to the General Assembly, and. two years 
later (1872), returned to Congress from the Belle- 
ville District, after which be served in that body, 
by successive re-elections, nine terms and imtil 
1887, lieing for several terms Chairman of the 
House Waj's and Means Committee and promi- 
nent in the tariff legislation of that period. In 
March, 1887, President Cleveland appointed him 
a member of the first Inter-State Commerce Com- 
mission for a period of five years: at the close of 
his term he was reappointed, by President Harri- 
son, for a full term of six ye;irs, serving a part of 
the time as President of the Board, and retiring 
from office in 1898. 

MORHISONVILLK. a town in Cliristian 
County, situated on the Wabash Railway, 40 
miles southwest of Decatur and 20 miles nortli- 
northeK.st of Litchfield Grain is extensivelj' 
raised in the surrounding region, and Morrison- 
ville, with its elevators and mill, is an ijnportant 
shipping-point. It has brick and tile works, 
electric lights, two barLks, five churches, graded 
and high schools, and a weekly paper. Popula- 
tion (1890). .844; ,1900y 934; (1903, est), 1,200. 

MORTOX, a village of Tazewell County, at the 
intersection of the Atchison, Topeka it Santa Fe. 
and the Terre Haute & Peoria Railroads, 10 miles 
southeast of Peoria; has factories, a bank and a 
newspaper. Population (1890), 657; (1900), 894. 

MORTOX, Joseph, pioneer farmer and legisla- 
tor, was born in Virginia. August 1, 1801 ; came 
to Madison County, 111., in 1819. and the follow- 
ing year to Morgan County, when he engaged in 
farming in the vicinity of Jacksonville. He 
served as a member of the House in the Tenth 
and Fifteenth General Assemblies, and as Senator 
in the Eighteenth and Nineteenth. He was a 
Democrat in politics, but, on questions of State 
and local policy, was non-partisan, faithfully 
representing the interests of his constituents. 
Died, at his home near Jacksonville. March 2. 1881. 

MOSES, Adolph, lawyer, was born in Speyer, 
Germany. Feb. 27, 1837, and, until fifteen years 
of age, was educated in the public and Latin 
schools of his native coiintry ; in the latter part 
of 1852, came to America, locating in New 
Orleans, and, for some years, being a law student 



388 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



in Louisiana University, under the preceptorship 
of Randall Hunt and other eminent lawyers of 
that State. In the early days of the Civil War 
he espoused the cause of the Confederacy, serving 
some two years as an ofKcer of the Twenty first 
Louisiana Regiment. Coming north at the expi- 
ration of this period, lie resided for a time in 
Quincy, 111., but, in 1809, removed to Chicago, 
where he took a place in the front rank at the 
bar. and where he has resided ever since. 
Although in sympathy with the general princi- 
jiles of the Democratic party. Judge Moses is an 
independent voter, as shown by the fact that he 
voted for General Grant for President in 1868, 
and supported the leading measures of the Repub- 
lican party in 1896. He is the editor and pub 
lisher of "The National Corporation Reporter," 
established in 1890, and which is devoted to the 
interests of business corporations. 

MOSES, John, lawyer and author, was born at 
Niagara Falls, Canada, Sept. 18, 1825; came to 
Illinois in 18.37, his famih' locating first at Naples, 
Scott County. He pursued the vocation of a 
teacher for a time, studied law, was elected Clerk 
of the Circuit Court for Scott County in 1856, and 
served as County Judge from 1857 to 1861. The 
latter year he became the private secretary of 
Governor Yates, serving until 1863, during that 
period assisting in the organization of sevent^"- 
seven regiments of Illinois Volunteers. While 
serving in this capacity, in company with Gov- 
ernor Yates, he attended the famous confei-ence 
of loyal Governors, held at Altoona, Pa., in Sep- 
tember, 1862, and afterwards accompanietl the 
Governors in their call upon President Lincoln, a 
few days after the issue of the preliminary proc- 
lamation of emancipation. Having received the 
appointment, from President Lincoln, of Assessor 
of Internal Revenue for tlie Tenth Illinois Dis- 
trict, he resigned the position of private secretary 
to Governor Yates. In 1874 he was chosen 
Representative in the Twenty-ninth General 
Assembly for the District composed of Scott, 
Pike and Calhoun Counties ; served as a delegate 
to the National Republican Convention at Phila- 
delphia, in 1872, and as Secretary of the Board of 
Railroad and Warehouse Commissioners for 
three years (1880-83). He was then appointed 
Special Agent of the Treasury Department, and 
assigned to duty in connection with the customs 
revenue at Chicago. In 1887 he was chosen Sec- 
retary of the Chicago Historical Societj', serving 
until 1893. While connected with the Chicago 
Historical Library he brought out the most com- 
plete History of Illinois yet published, in two 



\olumes. and also, in connection with the late 
Major Kirkland, edited a History of Chicago in 
two large volumes. Other literary work done by 
Judge Moses, includes "Personal Recollections of 
Abraham Lincoln" and "Richard Yates, the 
War Governor of Illinois, " in the form of lectures 
or addresses. Died in Chicago, July 3, 1898. 

MOULTON, Saiimel W., lawyer and Congress- 
man, was born at Wenham, Mass., Jan. 20, 1822, 
where he was educated in the public schools. 
After spending some years in the South, he 
removed to Illinois (1845), where he studied law, 
and was admitted to the bar, commencing prac- 
tice at Shelbyville. From 1852 to 1859 he was a 
member of the lower house of the General Assem- 
bly; in 1857, was a Presidential Elector on the 
Buchanan ticket, and was President of the State 
Board of Education from 1859 to 1876. In 1864 
he was elected, as a Republican, Representative in 
Congress for the State-at-large, being elected 
again, as a Democrat, from the Shelbyville Dis- 
trict, in 1880 and '82. During the past few years 
(including the campaign of 1896) Mr. Moulton 
has acted in ccxlperation with the Republican 
party. 

MOULTRIE COUJfTY, a comparatively small 
county in the eastern section of the middle tier of 
tlie State — named for a revolutionary hero. Area, 
340 square miles, and population (by the census 
of lyOO), 15.224. Moultrie was one of tlie early 
"stamping grounds" of the Kickapoos, wlio were 
always friendlj- to English-speaking settlers. The 
earliest immigrants were from the Southwest, 
but arrivals from Northern States soou followed. 
County organization was effected in 1843, both 
Shelby and Macon Counties surrendering a portion 
of territory. A vein of good bituminous coal 
underlies the county, but agriculture is the more 
important industry. Sullivan is the county -seat, 
selected in 1845. In 1890 its population was about 
1,700. Hon. Richard J. Oglesby (former Gover- 
nor, Senator and a Major-General in the Civil 
War) began the ]iractice of taw liere. 

MOUND-BUILDERS, WORKS OF THE. One 
of the most conclusive evidences that the Mis- 
sissippi Valley was once occupied by a people 
different in customs, character and civilization 
from the Indians found occupying the soil when 
the first white explorers visited it. is the exist- 
ence of certain artificial mounds and earthworks, 
of the origin and purposes of which the Indians 
seemed to have no knowledge or tradition. These 
works extend throughout the valley from the 
Allegheny to the Rocky Mountains, being much 
more numerous, however, in some portions than 



HISTORTfAL P:NCYCLOPEDrA OF ILLINOIS. 



:?89 



in others, and also varying s^reatly in form. This 
fact, with the remains found in some of them, lias 
been regarded as evidence that the purposes of 
their construction were widely variant. They 
have couseifuently been classified by archaeolo- 
gists as sepulchral, religious, or defensive, wliile 
some seem to have hail a purpose of which 
writers on the subject are unable to form any 
.siitisfactory conception, and whiiOi are, therefore, 
still regarded as an unsolved mystery. Some of 
the most elaborate of these works are found along 
the eastern border of the Mississippi Valley, 
especially in Ohio ; and the fact that they appear 
to belong to the defensive class, has led to the 
conclusion that this region was occupied by a race 
practically homogeneous, and that these works 
were designed to prevent the encroachment of 
hostile races from beyond the AUeghenies. Illi- 
nois being in the center of the valley, compara- 
tively few of these defensive works are fouiul 
here, those of this character which do exist being 
referred to a different era and race. (See Forti- 
fications. Pnkistoric.) While these works are 
numerous in some portions of Illinois, their form 
and structure give evidence that they were 
erected by a peaceful people, however bloody 
may have been some of the rites performed on 
those designed for a religious purpose. Their 
numbers also imply a dense population. This is 
esjjecially true of that portion of the American 
Bottom opposite the city of St. Louis, which is 
the seat of the most remarkable group of earth 
works of this character on the continent. The 
central, or princi[)al structure of this group, is 
known, locally, as the great "Cahokia Mound," 
being situated near the creek of that name which 
empties into the Mississippi just lielow the city 
of East St. Louis. It is also called "Monks" 
Mound," from the fact that it was occupied early 
in tlie present century by a community of Monks 
of La Trappe. a portion of whom succumbed to 
the malarial influences of the climate, while the 
survivors returned to the original seat of their 
order. This mound, from its form and com- 
manding size, has been supposed to belong to the 
class called "temple mounds, "and has been de- 
scribed as "the monarch of all similar .structures" 
and the "best representative of its class in North 
America." The late William McAdams, of 
Alton, who sur\'e3-ed tliLs group some years since, 
in his "Records of Ancient Riices." gives the fol- 
lowing description of this principal structure : 

"In the center of a great ma.ss of mounds and 
earth works there stands a mighty pyramid 
whose ba.se covers nearly sixteen acres of ground. 



It is not exactly square, being a parallelogram a 
little longer north and south than east and west. 
Some thirty feet above the base, on the south side, 
is an apron or terrace, on which now grows an 
orchard of considerable size. This terrace is 
approached from the plain by a graded roadway. 
Thirty feet above this terrace, and on the west 
side, is another nnicli smaller, on which are now 
growing some forest trees. The top, which con- 
tains an acre and a half, is divided into two 
nearly equal parts, the northern part being four 
or five feet the higher. . . . On the north, 
east and south, the .structure still retains its 
straight side, that probably has changed but little 
since the settlement of the coimtry by white 
men, but remains in appearance to-day the same 
as centuries ago. The west side of the pyramid, 
however, has its base somewhat serrated and 
seamed by ravines, evidently made by rainstorms 
and the elements. From the second terrace a 
well, eighty feet in depth, penetrates the base of 
the structure, which is plainly seen to be almost 
wholly composed of the black, sticky soil of the 
surrounding plain. It is not an oval or conical 
mound or hill, but a pyramid with straight 
sides." The approximate height of this mound 
is ninety feet. When first seen by white men, 
this was surmounted by a small conical mound 
some ten feet in height, from which human 
remains and various relics were taken while 
being leveled for the site of a house. Messrs. 
Squier and Davis, in their report on "Ancient 
Monuments of the Mississippi Valley," published 
by the Smithsonian Institute (18-48), estimate the 
contents of the structure at 20,000,000 cubic feet. 
A Mr. Breckenridge, who visited these mounds 
in 1811 and published a description of them, esti- 
mates that the construction of this principal 
mound must have required the work of thousands 
of laborers and years of time. The upper terrace, 
at the time of his visit, was occupied by the 
Trappists as a kitchen garden, and the top of the 
structure was sown in wheat. He also found 
numerous fragments of flint and eiirthern ves- 
sels, and concludes that "a populous citj- once 
existed here, similar to those of Mexico described 
by the first conijuerors. The mounds were sites 
of temples or monuments to great men." Accord- 
ing to Mr. McAdams, there are seventy-two 
mounds of considerable size within two miles of 
the main structure, the group extending to the 
mouth of the Cahokia and embracing over one 
hundred in all. Most of these are square, rang- 
ing from twenty to fifty feet in height, a few are 
oval and one or two conical. Scattered among 



390 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



the mounds are also a number of small lakes, 
evidently of artificial origin. From the fact 
that there were a number of conspicuous 
mounds on the Missouri side of the river, 
on the present site of the city of St. Louis 
and its environs, it is believed that they all 
belonged to the same system and had a common 
purpose; the Cahokia Mound, from its superior 
size, being the center of the group — and probably 
used for sacrificial purposes. The wliole number 
of these structures in the American Bottom, 
whose outlines were still visible a few years ago, 
was estimated by Dr. J. W. Foster at nearly two 
hundred, and the presence of so large a number 
in close proximity, has been accepted as evidence 
of a large population in the immediate vicinity. 
Mr. MciVdams reports the finding of numerous 
specimens of pottery and artificial ornaments and 
implements in the Cahokia mounds and in caves 
and mounds between Alton and the mouth of the 
Illinois River, as well as on the latter some 
twenty-five miles from its mouth. Among the 
relics found in the Illinois River mounds was a 
burial vase, and Mr. McAdams says that, in 
thirty years, he has unearthed more than a 
thousand of these, many of which closely 
resemble those found in the moumls of Europe. 
Dr. Foster also makes mention of an ancient 
cemetery near Chester, in which "each grave, 
when explored, is found to contain a cist enclos- 
ing a skeleton, for the most part far gone in 
decay. These cists are built up and covered with 
slabs of limestone, which here abound." — Another 
noteworthy group of mounds — though far inferior 
to the Cahokia group — exists near Hutsonville in 
Crawford County. As described in the State 
Geological Survey, this group consists of fifty- 
five elevations, irregularly dispersed over an area 
of 1,000 by 1,400 to 1,500 feet, and varying from 
fourteen to fifty feet in diameter, the larger ones 
having a height of five to eight feet. From their 
form and arrangement these are believed to have 
been mounds of habitation. In the southern por- 
tion of this group are four mounds of peculiar 
construction and larger size, each surrounded 
by a low ridge or earthwork, with openings facing 
towards each other, indicating that they were 
defense-works. The location of this group — a 
few miles from a prehistoric fortification at 
Merom, on the Indiana side of the Wabash, to 
which the name of "Fort Azatlan" has been 
given — induces the belief that the two gi-oups, 
like those in the American Bottom and at St. 
Louis, were parts of the same system. — Professor 
Engelman, in the part of tlie State Geological 



Survey devoted to Massac County, alludes to a 
remarkable group of earthworks in the Black 
Bend of the Ohio, as an "extensive" system of 
"fortifications and mounds which probably 
belong to the same class as those in the Missis- 
sippi Bottom opposite St. Louis and at other 
points farther up the Ohio." In the report of 
Government survey by Dan W. Beckwith, in 1834, 
mention is made of a very large mound on the 
Kankakee River, near the mouth of Rock Creek, 
now a part of Kankakee County. This had a 
base diameter of about 100 feet, with a height of 
twenty feet, and contained the remains of a 
large number of Indians killed in a celebrated 
battle, in which the Illinois and Chippewas, and 
the Delawares and Shawnees took part. Near 
by were two other mounds, said to contain the 
remains of the chiefs of the two parties. In this 
case, mounds of prehistoric origin had probably 
been utilized as burial places by the aborigines at 
a comparatively recent period. Related to the 
Kankakee mounds, in location if not in period of 
construction, is a group of nineteen in number on 
the site of the present city of Morris, in Grundy 
Count}'. Within a circuit of three miles of 
Ottawa it has been estimated that there were 
3,000 mounds — though many of these are believed 
to have been of Indian origin. Indeed, the whole 
Illinois Valley is full of these silent monuments 
of a prehistoric age, but they are not generally of 
the conspicuous character of those found in the 
vicinity of St. Louis and attributed to the Mound 
Builders. — A very large and numerous group of 
these monuments exists along the bluffs of the 
Mississippi River, in the western part of Rock 
Island and Mercer ' Counties, chietiy between 
Drury's Landing and New Boston. Mr. J. E. 
Stevenson, in "The American Antiquarian," a 
few years ago, estimated that there were 3.500 of 
these within a circuit of fifty miles, located in 
groups of two or three to 100, varying in diameter 
from fifteen to 150 feet, with an elevation of two 
to fifteen feet. There are also numerous burial 
and sacrificial mounds in the vicinity of Chilli- 
cothe, on the Illinois River, in the northeastern 
part of Peoria County. — There are but few speci- 
mens of the animal or efKgy mounds, of which .so 
many exist in Wisconsin, to be found in Illinois; 
and the fact that these are found chiefly on Rock 
River, leaves no doubt of a common origin with 
the Wisconsin groups. The most remarkable of 
these is the celebrated "Turtle Jlound," within 
the present limits of the city of Rockford — though 
some regard it as having more resemblance to an 
alligator. This figure, which is maintained in a 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF TLLTXOIS 



391 



good state of preservation b.v the citizens, lias an 
extreme length of about 150 feet, by fifty in 
width at the front legs and thirty-nine at the 
hind legs, and an elevation equal to the height 
of a man. There are some smaller mounds in 
the vicinity, and .some bird effigies on Rock River 
some six miles below Rockford. There is also an 
animal efii>;y near the village of Hanover, in Jo 
Daviess County, with a considerable group of 
round mounds and embankments in the immedi- 
ate vicinity, besides a smaller elVigy of a similar 
character on the north side of the Pecatonica in 
Stephenson County, some ten miles east of Free- 
port. The Rock River region seems to have been 
a favorite field for the operations of the mound- 
builders, as shown by the number and variety of 
these structures, extending from Sterling, in 
Whiteside County, to the Wisconsin State line. A 
large number of these were to be found in the 
vicinity of the Kishwaukee River in the .south- 
eastern part of Winnebago County. The famous 
prehistoric fortilication on Rock River, just 
beyond the Wisconsin boundary — which seems to 
liave been a sort of counterpart of the ancient 
Fort Azatlan on the Indiana side of the Wabash 
— appears to have had a close relation to the 
works of the mound-builders on the same stream 
in Illinois. 

MOl'XDCITY, the county-.seat of Pulaski 
County, on the Ohio River, seven miles north of 
Cairo; is on a branch line of the Illinois Central 
and the Cleveland, Cincinnati, Chicago & St. 
Louis Railroad. The chief industries are lumber- 
ing and shipbuilding; also has furniture, canning 
and other factories. One of the United States 
National Cemeteries is located here. The town 
has a bank and two weekly j)apers. Population 
(IMn). 2..>5n; (1900), 2,70.); (1903. est.), 3.500. 

MorX'T r.ViniEL, acity and the county-seat 
of Wahash Count}'; is the point of junction of 
the Cleveland, Cincinnati, Chicago A- St. Louis 
and the Southern Railroads, 133 miles northeast 
of Cairo, and 24 miles southwest of Vincennes, 
Ind. ; situated on the Wabash River, which sup- 
plies good water-power for saw mills, flouring 
mills, and some other manufactures. The town 
has railroad shops and two daily newspapers. 
Agriculture and lumbering are the principal 
pursuits of the people of the surro\mding district. 
Population (Ix'.iii). 3.370; (1900), 4,311. 

MOl'XT CARROLL, the county-seat of Carroll 
County, an incorporated city, founded in 1843: 
is 128 miles southwest of Chicago, on the Chi- 
cago, Milwaukee & St. Paul Railroad. Farming, 
stock-raising and mining are the principal indus- ' 



tries. It has live churches, excellent schools, 
good libraries, two daily anil two semi-weekly 
new.spapers. Pop. (1«90), 1.830; (1900), 1,90,5. 

MOUNT CARROLL SEMINARY, a young 
ladies" seminary, located at Mount Carroll, Carroll 
County; incorporated in 1852; had a faculty of 
thirteen members in 1896, with 120 pupils, prop- 
erty valued at .SIOO.OOO, and a library of 5,000 
volumes 

MOUNT MORRIS, a town in Ogle County, situ- 
ated on the t'liicago it Iowa Division of the Chi- 
cago. Burlington ct Quincy Raihoad. 108 miles 
west by north from Chicago, and 24 miles south- 
west of Rockford; is the seat of Mount Morris 
College and flourishing public school ; has hand- 
some stone and brick buildings, three churches 
and two newspapers. Population (1900), 1,048. 

MOUNT OLIVE, a village of Macoupin County, 
on the Chicago, Peoria & St. Louis and the 
Wabash Railways, 68 miles southwest of Decatur; 
in a rich agricultural and coal-mining region. 
Population (1,880), 709; (1890), 1,986 :( 1900), 2, 93.5. 

MOUNT PULASKI, a village and railroad junc- 
tion in Logan County, 21 miles northwest of 
Decatur and 24 miles northeast of Springtielil. 
Agriculture, coal-mining and .stock-raising are 
leading industries. It is also an important ship- 
ping point for grain, and contains several 
elevators and flouring mills. Population (1880), 
1,125; (1890), 1.3.57; (I'.IOO), 1,043. 

MOUNT STERLING, a city, the county-.seat of 
Brown County, midway between Quincy and 
Jacksonville, on the Wabash Riilwaj'. It is sur- 
rounded by a rich farming country, and has ex- 
tensive deposits of claj' and coal. It contains six 
churches and four schools (two large public, and 
two parochial). The town is lighted by elec- 
tricity and has public water-works. Wagons, 
brick, tile and earthenware are manufactured 
iiere. and three weekly newspapers are pub- 
lished. Population (1880), 1,445; (1890), 1,655; 
(1900). 1.900. 

MOUNT VERXON, a city and county -seat of 
Jefferson County, on three trunk lines of railroad, 
77 miles east-soutlieast of St. Louis; is the center 
of a rich agricultural and coul region; has many 
flourishing manufactories, including car-works, a 
plow factory, flouring mills, pres.sed brick fac- 
tory, canning factory, and is an important ship- 
ping-point for grain, vegetables and fruits. The 
Appellate Court for the Soutliern Grand Division 
is held here, and the city has nine churches, fine 
school buildings, a Carnegie library, two banks 
heating plant, two daily and three weekly papers 
Population (1890), 3,233; (lUOO). 5.216. 



\ 



392 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



MOUM VERNOX k (iR A YVILLE RAILROAD. 

(See Peuna, Decatur <£■ Ef<.tii.-<rillr Railiray.) 

MOWKAqUA, a village of Shelby County, on 
the lUiuois Central Railroad, 16 miles soutli of 
Decatur; is in rich agricultural and stock-raising 
section; has coal mine, tliree banks and two 
newspapers. Population (1890). 84S; (1900). 1,478. 
MUDD, (Col.) John J., soldier, was born in 
St. Charles County, Mo., Jan. 9, 1S20; his father 
having died in 1833, his mother removed to Pike 
Count}', 111., to free her children from the influ- 
ence of slavery. In 1849, and again in 1850, he 
made the overland journey to California, each 
time returning by the Isthmus, his last visit ex- 
tending into 1851. In 1854 he engaged in the 
commission business in St. Louis, as head of the 
lirm of Mudd & Hughes, but failed in the crash 
of 1857; then removed to Chicago, and, in 18(jl, 
was again in prosperous business. While on a 
business visit in New Orleans, in December, 1860, 
he had an opportunity of learning the gi'owing 
spirit of secession, being advised by friends to 
leave the St. Charles Hotel in order to escape a 
mob. In September, 1861, he entered the army 
as Major of the Second Illinois Cavalry (Col. 
Silas Noble), and, in the next few months, was 
stationed successively at Cairo, Bird's Point and 
Paducah, Ky., and, in February, 1863, led the 
advance of General McClernand's division in the 
attack on Fort Donelson. Here he was severely 
wounded ; but, after a few weeks in hospital at St. 
Louis, was sufficiently recovered to rejoin his 
regiment soon after the battle of Shiloh. Unable 
to perform cavahy duty, he was attached to the 
staff of General McClernand during the advance 
on Corinth, but, in October following, at the head 
of 400 men of his regiment, was transferred to 
the command of General McPhersou. Early in 
1863 he was promoted Lieutenant-Colonel, and 
soon after to a colonelcy, taking part in the 
movement against Vicksburg. June 13, he was 
again severely wounded, but, a few weeks later, 
was on duty at New Orleans, and subsequently 
participated in the operations in Southwestern 
Louisiana and Texas. On May 1.- 1864, he left 
Baton Rouge for Alexandria, as Chief of Staff to 
General McClernand, but two days later, while 
approaching Alexandria on board the steamer, 
was shot through the head and instantly killed. 
He was a gallant soldier and greatly beloved by 
his troops. 

MULBERRY tiROVE,avillageof Bond County, 
on the Terre Haute «& Indianapolis (Vandalia) 
Railroad, 8 miles northeast of Greenville; has a 
local newspaper. Pop. (1890), 7.50; (1900), 632. 



Ml'LLIGAX, James A., soldier, was born of 
Irish parentage at Utica, N. Y., June 25, 1830; in 
1836 accompanied his parents to Chicago, and, 
after graduating from the University of St. 
Mary's of the Lake, in 1850, began the study of 
law. In 1851 he accompanied John Lloyd Ste- 
phens on his expedition to Panama, and on his 
return resumed his professional studies, at the 
same time editing "The Western Tablet." a 
weekly Catholic paper. At the outbreak of the 
Rebellion he recruited, and was made Colonel of 
the Twenty-third Illinois Regiment, known as 
the Irish Brigade. He served with great gallan- 
try, first in the West and later in the East, being 
severely wounded and twice captured. He 
declined a Brigadier-Generalship, preferring to 
remain with his regiment. He was fatally 
wounded during a charge at the battle of VVin- 
chester. While being carried off the field he 
noticed that the colors of his brigade were en- 
dangered. "Lay me down and save the flag," he 
ordered. His men hesitated, but he repeated the 
command until it was obeyed. Before they 
returned he had been borne away by the enemy, 
and died a prisoner, at Winchester, Va,, July 26, 
1864. 

MUXIV, Daniel W., lawyer and soldier, was 
born in Orange County, Vt.. in 1834; graduated 
at Thetford Academy in 1852, when he taught 
two j'ears, meanwhile beginning the study of 
law. Removing to Coles County. 111., in 1855, he 
resumed his law studies, was admitted to the bar 
in 1858, and began practice at Hillsboro, Mont- 
gomery County. In 1862 he joined the One 
Hundred and Twenty-sixth Regiment Illinois 
Volunteers, with the rank of Adjutant, but the 
following year was appointed Colonel of the First 
Alabama Cavalry. Compelled to retire from the 
service on account of declining health, he re- 
turned to Cairo, 111. , where he became editor of 
"The Daily News"; in 1866 was elected to the 
State Senate, serving four years ; served as Presi- 
dential Elector in 1868 ; was the Republican nomi- 
nee for Congress in 1870, and the following year 
was appointed by President Grant Supervisor of 
Internal Revenue for the District including the 
States of Illinois, Michigan and Wisconsin. 
Removing to Chicago, he began practice there in 
1875, in which he has since been engaged. He 
has been prominently connected with a nmnber 
of important cases before the Chicago courts. 

MUXX, Sylvester W., lawyer, soldier and legis- 
lator, was born about 1818, and came from Ohio 
at thirty years of age, settling at Wilmington, 
Will County, afterwards removing to Joliet, 



HISTOmCAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



393 



where he practiced law. During the War lie 
served as Major of tlie Yates Phalanx (Thirty- 
ninth Illinois Volunteers) ; later, was State's 
Attorney for Will Count}' and State Senator in 
the Thirty-first and Thirty-second (Jeneral 
Assemblies. Died, at Joliet, Sept. 11, 1888. He 
was a member of the Illinois State Bar Associ- 
ation from its organization. 

MrRPHY, Everett J., ex-Member of Con- 
gress, was born in Nashville, 111., July 24, 1852; 
in early youtli removed to Sparta, where he was 
educated in the high schools of that place : at the 
age of fourteen he became clerk in a store: in 
1877 was elected City Clerk of Sparta, but the 
next year resigned to become Deputy Circuit 
Clerk at Chester, remaining until 1S82, when he 
was elected Sheriff of Randolph County. In 
1886 he was chosen a Representative in the Gen. 
eral Assembly, and, in 1889, was appointed, by 
Governor Fifer. Warden of the Southern Illinois 
Penitentiary at Chester, but retired from this 
position in 1893, and removed to East St. Louis. 
Two years later he was elected as a Republican 
to the Fifty-fourth Congress for the Twenty-first 
District, but was defeated for re-election by a 
small majority in 1H8G, by Jehu Baker, Democrat 
and Populist. In 1899 Mr. Murphy was appointed 
Warden of the State Penitentiary at Joliet, to 
succeed Col. R. W. McClaughry. 

MIJRPHYSBORO, the county-seat of Jackson 
County, situated on the Big Muddy River and on 
main line of the Mobile & Ohio, the St. Louis 
Division of the Illinois Central, and a branch of 
the St. Louis Valley Railroads, 52 miles north of 
Cairo and 90 miles south-southeast of St. Louis. 
Coal of a superior quality is extensively mined in 
the vicinity. The city has a foundry, machine 
shops, skewer factory, furniture factory, floxxr 
and saw mills, thirteen churches, four schools, 
three banks, two daily and tliree weekly news- 
papers, city and rural free mail delivery. Popu- 
lation (1890), 3.3.S0; (1900). (J. ifi;j; (1903, est.), 7,500. 

MlRPHYSnORO A. SH.VWNEETOWN RAIL. 
RO.VD. (See Carbondale & Sliaicnectown, St. 
Louis Sotttheni and St. Louis. Alto7i & Terre 
Haute Railroads.) 

NAPERVILLE, acity of Du Page County, on 
the west branch of the Du Page River and on the 
Chicago, Burlington & Quincy Railroad, 30 miles 
west-southwest of Chi<'ago, and 9 miles east of 
Aurora. It has three banks, a weekly newspaper, 
stone quarries, couch factory, and nine churches; 
is also the seat of the Northwestern College, an 
institution founded in 18G1 by the Evangelical 



Association; the college now has a normal school 
department. Population (1890), 2,210; (1900), 2,029 

NAPLES, a town of Scott County, on tlie Illi- 
nois River and the Hannibal and Naples branch 
of the Wabash Railway, 21 miles west of Jackson- 
ville. Population (1890), 452; (1900), 398. 

NASHVILLE, an incoiporated city, the county- 
seat of Washington County, on the Centralia & 
Chester and the Louisville & Nashville Railways; 
is 120 miles south of Springfield and 50 miles east 
by south from St. Louis. It stands in a coal- 
producing and rich agricultural region There 
are two coal mines within the corporate limits, 
and two large flouring mills do a considerable 
business. There are numerous churches, public 
scliools, including a high school, a State bank, 
and four weekly paper.s. Population (1880), 
2,222; (1890), 2,084; (1900), 2,184. 

N.4.UV00, a city in Hancock County, at the 
head of the Lower Rapids on the Mississippi, 
between Fort Madison and Keokuk, Iowa. It 
was founded by the Mormons in 1840, and its 
early growth was rapid. After the expulsion of 
the "Saints" in 1846, it was settled by a colony of 
French Icarians, who introduced the culture of 
grapes on a large scale. They were a sort of 
communistic order, but their experiment did not 
prove a success, and in a few years they gave 
place to another class, the majority of the popu- 
lation now being of German extraction. The 
chief industries are agriculture and horticulture. 
Large quantities of grapes and strawberries are 
raised and shipped, and considerable native wine 
is produced. Population (1880), 1,402; (1890), 
1,208; (per census 1900), 1,321. (See also Mor- 
mons. ) 

NAVIGABLE STREAMS (by Statute). Fol- 
lowing the example of the French explorers, who 
chiefly followed the water-ways in their early 
explorations, the early permanent settlers of Illi- 
nois, not only 'settled, to a great extent, on the 
principal streams, but later took especial pains to 
maintain their navigable character by statute. 
This was, of course, partly due to the absence of 
improved highways, but also to the belief that, 
as the country developed, the streams would 
become extremely valuable, if not indispensable, 
especially in the transportation of heavy commod- 
ities. Accordingly, for the first quarter century 
after the organization of the State Government, 
one of the questions receiving the attention of 
the Legislature, at almost every ses.sion, was the 
enactment of laws affirming the navigability of 
certain streams now regarded as of little impor- 
tance, or utterly insignificant, as channels of 



394 



HISTOKICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS, 



transportation. Legislation of this character 
began with the first General Assembly (1819), 
and continued, at intervals, with reference to 
one or two of the more important interior rivers 
of the State, as late as 1867. Besides the Illinois 
and Wabash, still recognized as navigable 
streams, the following were made the subject of 
legislation of this character : Beaucoup Creek, a 
branch of tlie Big Muddy, in Perry and Jackson 
Counties (law of 1819); Big Bay, a tributary of 
the Ohio in Pope Coimty (Acts of 1833) ; Big 
IMuddy, to the junction of tlie East and West 
Forks in Jefferson County (1833), with various 
subsequent amendments; Big Vermilion, declared 
navigable (1831); Bon Pas, a branch of the 
Wabash, between Wabash and Edwards Coun- 
ties (1831) ; Cache River, to main fork in Johnson 
County (1819) ; Des Plaines, declared navigable 
(1839); Embarras (1831), with various subsequent 
acts in reference to improvement; Fox River, 
declared navigable to the Wisconsin line (1840), 
and Fox River Navigation Company, incorpo- 
rated (1855) ; Kankakee and Iroquois Navigation 
& Manufacturing Company, incorporated (1847), 
with various changes and amendments (1851-65); 
Kaskaskia (or Okaw), declared navigable to a 
point in Faj-ette County north of Vandalia (1819), 
witli various modifying acts (1823-67) ; Macoupin 
Creek, to Carrollton and Alton road (1837); 
Piasa, declared navigable in Jersey and Madison 
Counties (1861); Rock River Navigation Com- 
pany, incorporated (1841), with subsequent acts 
(1845-67) ; Sangamon River, declared navigable 
to Third Principal Jleridiah — east line of Sanga- 
mon County — (1832), and the North Fork of same 
to Champaign County (1845); Sny-Carty (a bayou 
of the Mississippi), declared navigable in Pike 
and Adams Counties (1859); Spoon River, navi- 
gable to Cameron's mill in Fulton County (1885), 
with various modifying acts (1845-53) ; Little 
Wabash Navigation Company, incorporated 
and river declared navigable to McCawley's 
bridge — probably in Clay County — (1826), witli 
various subsequent acts making appropriations 
for its improvement; Skillet Fork (a branch 
of the Little Wabash), declared navigable 
to Slocum's Mill in Marion County (1837), and 
to Ridgway Mills (1846). Other acts passed at 
various times declared a number of unim- 
portant streams navigable, including Big Creek 
in Fulton County, Crooked Creek in Schuyler 
County, Lusk's Creek in Pope County, McKee's 
Creek in Pike County, Seven Mile Creek in Ogle 
County, besides a number of others' of similar 
cliaracter. 



JfEALE, THOMAS M., pioneer lawyer, was 
born in Fauquier County, Va., 1796; while yet a 
child removed with his parents to Bowling Green, 
Ky., and became a common soldier in the War of 
1812; came to Springfield, 111., in 1824, and began 
the practice of law ; served as Colonel of a regi- 
ment raised in Sangamon and Morgan Counties 
for the Winnebago War (1827), and afterwards as 
Surveyor of Sangamon County, appointing 
Abraliam Lincoln as his deputy. He also served 
as a Justice of the Peace, for a number of years, 
at Springfield. Died, August 7, 1840. 

NEECE, William H., ex-Congressman, was 
born, Feb. 26, 1831, in what is now a part of 
Logan County, 111. , but which was then witliin the 
limits of Sangamon ; was reared on a farm and 
attended the public schools in SIcDonough 
County; studied law and was admitted to the 
bar in 1858, and has been ever since engaged in 
practice. His political career began in 1861, 
when he was chosen a member of the City Coun. 
oil of Macomb. In 1864 he was elected to the 
Legislature, and, in 1869, a member of the Con- 
stitutional Convention. In 1871 he was again 
elected to the lower house of the General Assem- 
bly, and, in 1878, to the State Senate. From 1883 
to 1887 he represented the Eleventh Illinois Dis- 
trict in Congress, as a Democrat, but was defeated 
for re-election in 1890 by William H. Gest, 
Republican. 

NEGROES. (See Slavery and Slave Laws. ) 

NEOGAja village of Cumberland County, at the 
intersection of the Illinois Central and the Toledo, 
St. Louis it Western Railwaj-s, 20 miles southwest 
of Cliarleston; lias a bank, two newspapers, some 
manufactories, and ships grain, hay, fruit and 
live-stock. Pop. (1890), 829; (1900), 1,126 

NEPOXSET, a village and station on the Chi- 
cago, Burlington & Quincy Railroad, in Bureau 
County, 4 miles southwest of Mendota. Popula- 
tion (1880), 652; (1890), 542; (1900). 516. 

NEW ALBANY & ST. LOUIS RAILWAY. 
(See Louisville, Evansville & St. Louis (Consoli- 
dated ) Ra ilroad. ) 

NEW ATHENS, a village of St. Clair County, 
on the St. Louis & Cairo "Short Line" (now Illi- 
nois Central) Railroad, at the crossing of the Kas- 
kaskia River, 31 miles southeast of St. Louis : has 
one newspaper and considerable grain trade. 
Population (1880), 603; (1890), 624; (1900), 856. 

NEW BERLIN, a village of Sangamon Covmty, 
on the Wabash Railwaj-, 17 miles west of Spring- 
field. Population (1880), 403; (1900), 533. 

NEWBERRY LIBRARY, a large reference li- 
brary, located in Chicago, endowed by Walter L. 



g 

Q 




^■HiS^M 




Art Institute. 



Public Librarj\ 

Armour Institute. 
PUBLIC BUILDINGS. 



Court-House. 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



395 



Newberry, an early business man of Cliicago, wlio 
left lialf of his estate (aggregating over S2,0U0,0U()) 
for tlie jjurpose. The property bequeathed was 
largel}' in real estate, which lias since greatly in- 
creased in value. The library was established in 
temporary quarters in 1887, and the first section 
of a permanent building was opened in the 
autumn of 1893. By that time there had been 
accumulated about 100,0(10 books and ])ami)lilets. 
A collection of nearly fifty portraits — chiefly of 
eminent Americans, including many citizens of 
Chicago — was presented to the library by G. P. A. 
Heal}-, a distinguished artist, since deceased. 
The site of the building occupies an entire block, 
and the original design contemplates a handsome 
front on each of the four streets, with a large 
rectangular court in the center. The section 
alreaily completed is massive and imposing, and 
its interior is admirablj- adapted to tlie purposes 
of a library, and at the same time rich and 
beautiful. Wlien completed, the building will 
have a c-apacity for four to six million volmmes. 

NEWBERKV, Walter C, ex-Congressman, was 
born at Sangerfield, Oneida County, N. Y., Dec. 
23, 1835. Early in the Civil War he enlisted as a 
private, and rose, step by step, to a colonelcy, and 
was mustered out as Brevet Brigadier-General. 
In 1890 he was elected, as a Democrat, to represent 
the Fourth Illinois District in the Fifty-second 
Congress (1891-93). His home is in Chicago. 

NEWBERRY, Walter L., merchant, liankerand 
philanthropist, was born at East Windsor, Conn., 
Sept. 18, 1804, descended from English ancestry. 
He w^ President Jackson's personal appointee 
to the United States Military Academy at We.st 
Point, but was prevented from taking the exami- 
nation by sickness. Subsetiuently he embarked in 
business at Buffalo, N. Y., going to Detroit in 
1828, and settling at Chicago in 1833. After 
engaging in general merchandising for several 
years, he turned his attention to banking, in 
which he accumulated a large fortune. He was 
a prominent and influential citizen, serving 
several terms as President of the Board of Edu- 
cation, and being, for six years, the President of 
the Chicago Historical Society. He died at sea, 
Nov. 6, 1868, leaving a large estate, one-half of 
which he devoted, by will, to the founding of a 
free reference library in Chicago. (See Newberry 
Library.) 

XEW BOSTON, a city of Mercer County, on 
the Mississippi River, at the western terminus of 
the Galva and New Boston Division of the Chi- 
cago. Burlington & Quincy Railway. Population 
(1890), 445; (1900), 703. 



>'EW BR1(;HT0X, a village of St. Clair County 
and suburb of East St. Louis. Population (1890), 
8fiH. 

NEW BURXSIDE, a village of Johnson County, 
on the Cairo Division of the Cleveland, Cincin- 
nati, Chicago & St. Louis Railway, 53 miles 
northeast of Cairo. Population (1880), 050; 
(1890), .WG; (1900), 4GS. 

NEW I)(>UGL.4S,a village in Madison County, 
on the Toledo, St. Louis A: Western Railroad; in 
farming and fruit-growing region ; has coal mine, 
flour mill and newspaper. Population (1900), 409. 

NEWELL, John, Railway President, v.-as born 
at West Newbury, Mass., March 31, 1830, being 
directly descended from "Pilgrim" stock. At 
the age of 10 he entered the emplo^'ment of the 
Cheshire Railroad in New Hampshire. Eighteen 
months later he was appointed an assistant engi- 
neer on the Vermont Central Railroad, and placed 
in charge of the construction of a 10-mile section 
of the line. His promotion was rapid, and, in 
181)0, he accepted a responsible position on the 
Champlain & St. Lawrence Railroad. From 1850 
to 1850 he was engaged in making surveys for 
roads in Kentucky and New York, and, during 
the latter year, held the position of engineer of 
the Cairo City Company, of Cairo, 111. In 1857 he 
entered the service of the Illinois Central Rail- 
road Companj-, as Division Engineer, where his 
remarkable success attracted the attention of the 
owners of tiie old Winona & St. Peter Railroad 
(now a part of the Chicago & Northwestern 
system), who tendered him the presidency. Tliis 
he accepted, but, in 1804, was made President of 
the Cleveland & Toledo Railroad. Four years 
later, he accepted the position of General Superin- 
tendent anJ Chief Engineer of the New York 
Central Railroad, but resigned, in 1809, to become 
Vice-President of the Illinois Central Railroad. 
In 1871 lie was elevated to the presidency, but 
retired in September, 1874, to accept the position 
of General Manager of the Lake Shore & Michigan 
Southern Railroad, of which he was elected 
President, in May, 1883, and continued in office 
until the time of his death, which occurred at 
Youngstown, Ohio, August 25, 1894. 

NEWH.\LL, (Dr.) Horatio, early physician 
and newspaper publisher, came from St. Louis, 
Mo., to Galena, 111., in 1827, and engaged in min- 
ing and smelting, but abandoned this business, 
the following year, for the practice of his profes- 
sion; soon afterward became interested in the 
publication of "The Miners' Journal," and still 
later in "Tlie Galena Advertiser," wnth which 
Hooper Warren and Dr. Philleo were associated. 



396 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA ' OF ILLINOIS. 



In 1830 he became a Surgeon in the United States 
Army, and was stationed at Fort Winnebago, 
but retired from the service, in 1833, and returned 
to Galena. When the Black Hawk War broke 
out he volunteered his services, and, by order of 
General Scott, was placed in charge of a military 
hospital at Galena, of which he had control until 
the close of the war. The difficulties of the posi- 
tion were increased by the appearance of the 
Asiatic cholera among the troops, but he seems 
to have discharged his duties with satisfaction 
to the military authorities. He enjoyed a wide 
reputation for professional ability, and had an 
extensive practice. Died, Sept. 19, 1870. 

>'EW5I.\.N, a village of Douglas County, on the 
Cincinnati, Hamilton & Dayton Railway, .'52 miles 
east of Decatur; has a bank, a newspaper, can- 
ning factor}', broom factory, electric lights, and 
large trade in agricultural products and live- 
stock. Population (1890), 990; (1900), 1,166. 

NEWSPAPERS, EARLY. The first newspaper 
published in tlie Northwest Territory, of which 
the pre.seut State of Illinois, at the time, com- 
posed a part, was "TheCentinel of the Northwest 
Territory," established at Cincinnati by William 
Maxwell, the first issue appearing in November, 
1793. This was also the first newspaper published 
west of the Allegheny Mountains. In 1796 it was 
sold to Edmund Freeman and assumed the name 
of "Freeman's Journal." Nathaniel Willis 
(grandfather of N. P. Willis, the poet) estab- 
lished "The Scioto Gazette," at Chillicothe, in 
1790. "The Western Spy and Hamilton Gazette" 
was the third paper in Northwest Territory (also 
within the limits of Ohio), founded in 1799. 
Willis's paper became the organ of the Terri- 
torial Government on the removal of the capital 
to Chillicothe, in 1800. 

The first newspaper in Indiana Territory' (then 
including Illinois) was established by Elihu Stout 
at Vincennes, beginning publication, July 4, 1804. 
It took the name of "The Western Sun and Gen- 
eral Advertiser," but is now known as "The 
Western Sun.'' having had a continuous exist- 
ence for ninety-five years. 

The first newspaper published in Illinois Terri- 
tory was "The Illinois Herald," but, owing to the 
absence of early files and other specific records, 
the date of its establishment has been involved 
in some doubt. Its founder was Matthew Dun- 
can (a brother of Joseph Duncan, who was after- 
wards a member of Congress and Governor of the 
State from 1834 to 1838), and its place of pub- 
lication Kaskaskia. at that time the Territorial 
capital. Duncan, who was a native of Kentucky, 



brovfght a press and a primitive printer's outfit 
with him from that State. Gov. John Reynolds, 
who came as a boy to the "Illiuois Country " in 
1800, while it was still a part of the "Northwest 
Territory," in his "Pioneer HLstory of lUinois," 
has fixed the date of the first issue of this 
paper in 1809, the same year in which Illinois 
was severed from Indiana Territory and placed 
under a separate Territorial Government. There 
is good reason, however, for believing that the 
Governor was mistaken in this statement. If 
Duncan brought his press to Illinois in 1809 — 
which is probable — it does not seem to have been 
employed at once in the publication of a news- 
paper, as Hooper Warren (the founder of the 
third paper established in Illiuois) says it "was 
for years only used for the public printing." 
The earliest issue of "The Illinois Herald" known 
to be in existence, is No. 32 of 'Vol. II, and bears 
date, April 18, 1816. Calculating from these 
data, if the paper was issued continuously from 
its establishment, the date of the first issue would 
have been Sept. 6, 1814. Corroborative evidence 
of this is found in the fact that "The Missouri 
Gazette," the original of the old "Missouri Repub- 
lican" (now "The St. Louis Republic"), which 
was established in 1808, makes no mention of the 
Kaskaskia paper before 1814, although communi- 
cation between Kaskaskia and St. Louis was 
most intimate, and these two were, for several 
years, the only papers published west of Vin- 
cennes, Ind. 

In August, 1817, "The Herald" was sold to 
Daniel P. Cook and Robert Blackwell, and the 
name of the paper was changed to "The Illinois 
Intelligencer." Cook— who had previously been 
Auditor of Public Accounts for the Territory, and 
afterwards became a Territorial Circuit Judge, 
the first Attorney-General under the new State 
Government, and. for eight jears. served as the 
only Representative in Congress from Illinois — 
for a time officiated as editor of "The Intelli- 
gencer," while Blackwell (who had succeeded 
to the Auditorship) had charge of tlie publication. 
The size of the paper, which had been four pages 
of three wide columns to the page, was increased, 
by the new publishers, to four columns to the 
page. On the removal of tlie State capital to 
Vandalia. in 1820, "The Intelligencer" was 
removed thither also, and continued under its 
later name, afterwards becoming, after a change 
of management, an opponent of the scheme for 
the calling of a State Convention to revise the 
State Constitution with a view to making Illinois 
a slave State. (See Slavery and Slave Lau's.) 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



397 



The second paper established on Illinois soil 
was "The Sliawiiee Chief," which began publica- 
tion at Shawneetowu, Sept. 5, 1818, with Henry 
Eddy — who afterwarils became a prominent law- 
yer of Southern Illinois — as its editor. The name 
of "The Chief" was soon afterwards changed to 
"The Illinois Emigrant,'' and some years later, 
became "The Shawneetowu Gazette." Among 
others who were associated with the Shawnee- 
towu paper, in early days, was James Hall, after- 
wards a Circuit Judge and State Treasurer, and, 
without doubt, the most prolific and popular 
■writer of his day in Illinois. Later, he estab- 
lished "The Illinois Magazine" at Vandalia, sub- 
sequently removed to Cincinnati, and issued under 
the name of "The Western Monthly Magazine." 
He was also a frequent contributor to other maga- 
zines of that period, and autlior of several vol- 
umes, including "Legends of the West" and 
"Border Tales." During the contest over the 
slavery question, in 1823-34, "The Gazette" 
rendered valuable service to the anti-slavery 
party by the publication of articles in opposition 
to the Convention sclieme, from the pen of Morris 
Birkbeck and others. 

The third Illinois paper— and, in 1823-34, the 
strongest and most influential opponent of the 
scheme for establishing slavery in Illinois — was 
"The Ed wardsville Spectator," wliich began pub- 
lication at Edwardsville, Madison Count}', Jlay 
23, 1819. Hooper Warren was the publisher and 
responsible editor, though he received valuable 
aid from the pens of Governor Coles, George 
Churchill, Rev. Thomas Lippiueott, Judge 
Samuel D. Lockwood, Morris Birkbeck and 
others. (See Warreti, Hooper.) Warren sold 
"The Spectator" to Rev. Thomas Lippincott in 
183.5, and was afterwards associated with papers 
at Springliclil, Galena, Chicago and elsewhere. 

The agitation of the slavery question (in part, 
at least) led to the establishment of two new 
papers in 1822. The first of these was "The 
Republican Advocate," which began publication 
at Kaskaskia, in April of that year, under the 
management of Elias Kent Kane, then an aspir- 
ant to the United States Senatorship. After his 
election to tliat office in 1824, "The Advocate" 
passed into the hands of Robert K. Fleming, wlio, 
after a period of suspension, established "The 
Kaskaskia Recorder," but, a yejir or two later, 
removed to Vandalia. "The Star of the West" 
was established at Edwardsville, as an opponent 
of Warren's "Spectator," the first issue making 
its appearance, Sept. 14, 1822, with Theophilus W. 
Smith, afterwards a Justice of the Supreme 



Court, as its reputed editor. A few months later 
it passed into new hands, and, in August, 1823, 
assumed the name of "The Illinois Republican." 
Both "The Republican Advocate" and "The 
Illinois Republican" were zealous organs of the 
pro slavery party. 

Witli tlie settlement of the slavery question in 
Illinois, by the election of 1824, Illinois journal- 
ism may be said to have entered upon a new era. 
At the clo.se of this fir.st period there were only 
five papers published in the State — all established 
within a period of ten years; and one of these 
("The Illinois Republican," at Edwardsville) 
promptly ceased publication on the settlement of 
the slavery question in opposition to tlie views 
which it had advocated. The next period of fif- 
teen years (1835 40) was prolific in the establish- 
ment of new newspaper ventures, as might be 
expected from the rapid increase of the State in 
population, and the development in the art of 
printing during the same period. "The Western 
Sun," established at Belleville (according to one 
report, in December, 1825, and according to 
another, in the winter of 1827-28) by Dr. Joseph 
Green, appears to have been the first paper pub- 
lished in St. Clair County. This was followed 
by "The Pioneer," begun, April 25, 1829, at Rock 
Spring. St. Clair County, with the indomitable 
Dr. Jolm M. Peck, author of "Peck's Gazetteer," 
as its editor. It was removed in 1836 to Upper 
Alton, when it took the name of "The Western 
Pioneer and Baptist Banner." Previous to this, 
however. Hooper Warren, having come into pos- 
session of the material upon whicli he had printed 
"The Edwardsville Spectator," removed it to 
Springfield, and, in the winter of 1826-27, began 
the publication of the first paper at the present 
State capital, which he named "The Sangamo 
Gazette." It had but a brief existence. During 
1830, George Forquer, then Attorney-General of 
the State, in conjunction with his half-brother, 
Thomas Ford (afterwards Governor) , was engaged 
in the publication of a paper called "The Cour- 
ier," at Springfield, which was continued onlj- a 
short time. The earliest paper nortli of Spring- 
field appears to have been "The Hennepin Jour- 
nal," which began publication, Sept. 15, l.'<27. 
"The Sangamo Journal" — now "The Illinois 
State Journal," and the oldest laper of continu- 
ous existence in the State — was established at 
Springfield by Simeon and Josiah Francis (cous- 
ins from Connecticut), the first issue bearing 
date, Nov. 10, 1831. Before the close of the same 
year James G. Edwards, afterwards the founder 
of "The Burlington (Iowa) Hawkeye," began the 



398 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOrEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



publication of "The Illinois Patriot" at Jackson- 
ville. Another papei', established the same }-ear, 
was "The Gazette" at Yandalia, then the State 
capital. (See Forquer, George; Ford, Tlwmas; 
Francis. Sime07i.) 

At this early date the development of the lead 
mines about Galena had made that place a center 
of great business activity. On July 8, 1828, 
James Jones commenced the issue of "The 
Miners' Journal, "the first paper at Galena. Jones 
died of cholera in 1833, and his paper passed into 
other liands. July 20, 1829. "Tlie Galena Adver- 
tiser and Upper Missi.ssippi Herald" began pub- 
lication, with Drs. Horatio Newhall and Addison 
Philleo as editors, and Hooper Warren as pub- 
lisher, but appears to have been discontinued 
before the expiration of its first year. "The 
Galenian" was established as a Democratic paper 
by Philleo, in May, 1832, but ceased publication in 
September, 1836. "The Nortliwestern Gazette 
and Galena Advertiser," founded in November, 
1834, by Loring and Bartlett (the last named 
afterwards one of the founders of "The Quincy 
Whig"), has had a continuous existence, being 
now known as "The Galena Advertiser." Benja- 
min Mills, one of the most brilliant lawj^ers of 
his time, was editor of this paper during a part 
of the first year of its publication. 

Robert K. Fleming, who has already been 
mentioned as the successor of Elias Kent Kane 
in the publication of "The Republican Ad vocate, ' ' 
at Kaskaskia, later published a paper for a short 
time at Vandalia, but, in 1827, removed his 
establishment to Edwardsville, where he began 
the publication of "The Corrector. " The latter 
was continued a little over a year, when it was 
suspended. He then resumed the publication of 
"The Recorder" at Kaskaskia. In' December, 
1833, he removed to Belleville and began the pub- 
lication of "The St. Clair Gazette," which after- 
wards passed, through various changes of owners, 
under the names of "The St. Clair Mercury" and 
"Representative and Gazette." This was suc- 
ceeded, in 1839, by "The Belleville Advocate," 
which has been published continuously to the 
present time. 

Samuel S. Brooks (the father of Austin Brooks, 
afterwards of "The Quincy Herald") at differ- 
ent times published papers at various points 
in the State. His first enterprise was "The 
Crisis" at Edwardsville, which he changed 
to "The Illinois Advocate," and, at the close 
of his first year, sold out to Judge John 
York Sawyer, who united it with "Tlie Western 
Plowboy," which he had established a few 



months previous. "The Advocate" was removed 
to Vandalia. and, on the death of the owner (wlio 
had been appointed State Printer), was consoli- 
dated with "The Illinois Register," which had 
been established in 1836. The new paper took the 
name of "The Illinois Register and People's 
Advocate," in 1839 was removed to Springfield, 
and is now known as "The Illinois State Regis- 
ter." 

Other papers established between 1830 and 1840 
include: "The Vandalia Whig" (1831); "The 
Alton Spectator," the first paper published in 
Alton (January, 1834) ; "The Chicago Demo- 
crat," by John Calhoun (Nov. 26, 1833); "The 
Beardstown Clironicle and Illinois Bounty Land 
Advertiser," by Francis A. Arenz (July 29, 1833); 
"The Alton American" (1833); "The White 
County News," at Carmi (1833); "The Danville 
Enquirer" (1833); "The Illinois Champion," at 
Peoria (1834); "The Mount Carmel Sentinel and 
Wabash Advocate" (1834); "The Illinois State 
Gazette and Jacksonville News," at Jacksonville 
(1835); "The Illinois Argus and Bounty Land 
Register," at Quincy (183.5); "The Rushville 
Journal and Military Tract Advertiser" (1835); 
"The Alton Telegraph" (1836); "The Alton 
Observer" (1836); "The Carthaginian," at Car- 
thage (1836) ; "The Bloomington Observer" (1887) ; 
"The Backwoodsman,"' founded by Prof. John 
Russell, at Grafton, and the first paper published 
in Greene County (1837); "The Quincy Whig" 
(1838) ; "The Illinois Statesman," at Paris, Edgar 
County (1838); "The Peoria Register" (1838). 
The second paper to be established in Chicago 
was "The Chicago American," whose initial 
number was issued, June 8, 1835, with Thomas O. 
Davis as proprietor and editor. In July, 1837, it 
passed into the hands of William Stuart & Co., 
and, on April 9, 1839, its publishers began the 
issue of the first daily ever published in Cliicago. 
"The Chicago Express" succeeded "The Ameri- 
can" in 1842, and, in 1844, became the forerunner 
of "The Chicago Journal." Tlie third Chicago 
paper was "The Commercial Advertiser," 
founded by Hooper Warren, in 1836. It lived 
only about a j'ear. Zebina Eastman, who was 
afterwards associated with Warren, and became 
one of the most influential journalistic opponents 
of slavery, arrived in the State in 1839, and, in 
the latter part of that year, was associated with 
the celebrated Abolitionist, Benjamin Lundy, in 
the preliminary steps for the issue of "The 
Genius of Univer.sal Emancipation," projected 
by Lundy at Lowell, in La Salle County. Lundy 's 
untimely death, in August, 1839, however, pre- 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



399 



vented him from seeing; tlie consummation of his 
plan, although Eastman lived to carry it out in 
part. A paper whose career, although extending 
onlj- a little over one year, marked an era in Illi- 
nois journalism, was "The Alton Observer," its 
history closing -with the assassination of its 
editor. Rev. Elijah P. Lovejoy, on the night of 
Nov. 8, 1837, while unsuccessfully attempting to 
protect his press from destruction, for the fourth 
time, by a pro-slavery mob. Humiliating as was 
this crime to every law-abiding lllinoisan, it 
undoubtedly strengthened the cause of free 
speech and assisted in hastening the downfall of 
the institution in whose behalf it was committed. 
That the development in the field of journal- 
ism, within the past sixty }'ears, has more than 
kept pace with the growth in population, is 
shown bj- the fact that there is not a county in 
the State without its newspaper, while every 
town of a few hundred population has either one 
or more. According to statistics for 1898, there 
were GO.'i cities and towns in the State having 
periodical publications of some sort, making a 
total of 1,709, of which 174 were issued daily, 34 
semi-weekl}', 1,205 weekly, 28 semi-monthly, 238 
monthly, and the remainder at various periods 
ranging from tri-weekly to eight times a year. 

>'K>VTO.\, the county-seat of Jasper County, 
situated on the Embarras River, at the intersec- 
tion of subsidiary lines of the Illinois Central 
Railroad from Peoria and Effingham ; is an in- 
corixirated city, was settled in 1828, and made the 
county-seat in 1836. Agriculture, coal-mining 
and dairy farming are the principal pursuits in 
the surrounding region. The city has water- 
power, which is utilized to some extent in manu- 
facturing, but most of its factories are operated 
by steam. Among these establishments are flour 
and saw mills, and grain elevators. There are a 
half-dozen churches, a good public school .system, 
including parochial school and high school, 
besides two banks and three weekly papers. 
Population (1890), 1.428; (1900), 1.030. 

NEW YORK, CHICAGO & ST. LOUIS RAIL- 
WAY (Mckfl riate), a line .522.47 miles in length, 
of which (1898) only 9.96 miles are operated in 
Illinois. It owns no track in Illinois, but iLses 
the track of the Chicago & State Line Railroad 
(9 96 miles in length), of which it has financial 
control, to enter the city of Chicago. The total 
capitalization of the New Y'ork, Chicago & St. 
Louis, in 1898, is §.50, 222, 568, of which $19,425,000 
is in bonds. — (History.) The New Y'ork, Chi- 
cago & St. Louis Riiilroad was incorporated under 
the laws of New York, Pennsylvania, Ohio, 



Indiana and Illinois in 1881, construction begun 
immediately, and the road put in operation in 
1882. In 1885 it passed into the hands of a 
receiver, was sold wider foreclosure in 1887, and 
reorganized bj' the consolidation of various east- 
ern lines with the Fort Wayne & Illinois Railroad, 
forming the line under its present name. The 
road between Buffalo, N. Y., and the west line of 
Indiana is owned by the Company, but, for its 
line in Illinois, it uses the track of the Chicago & 
State Line Railroad, of which it is the lessee, as 
well as the owner of its capital stock. The main 
line of the "Nickel Plate"' is controlled by the 
Lake Shore & Slichigan Southern Railwaj', which 
owns more than half of both the preferred and 
common stock. 

NI ANTIC, a town in Macon County, on the 
Wabash Railwaj', 27 miles east of Springfield. 
Agriculture is the leading industry. The town 
has three elevators, three churches, school, coal 
mine, a newspaper and a bank. Pop. (1900), 654. 
NICOLAY, John (ieorge, aiithor, was born in 
Essingen, Bavaria, Feb. 26, 1832; at 6 years of age 
was brought to the United States, lived for a 
time in Cincinnati, attending the public schools 
there, and then came to Illinois ; at 16 entered the 
office of "The Pike County Free Press" at Pitts- 
field, and, while still in his minority, became 
editor and proprietor of the paper. In 1857 he 
became Assistant Secretary of State under O. M. 
Hatch, the first Republican Secretary, but during 
Mr. Lincoln's candidacy for President, in 1860, 
aided him as private secretary, also acting as a 
correspondent of "The St. Louis Democrat." 
After the election he was formally selected bj' 
Mr. Lincoln as his private secretary, accompany- 
ing him to Washington and remaining until Mr. 
Lincoln's assassination. In 1865 he was appointed 
United States Consul at Paris, remaining until 
1809; on his return for some time edited "The 
Chicago Republican"; was also Marshal of the 
United States Supreme Court in Washington 
from 1872 to 1887. Mr. Nicolay is author, in col- 
laboration with John Hay, of "Abraham Lincoln: 
A History," first published serially in "The Cen- 
turj' Magazine," and later is,sued in ten volumes; 
of "The Outbreak of the Rebellion" in "Cam- 
paigns of the Civil War," Ijesides numerous maga- 
zine articles. He lives in Wa,shington, D. C. 

NICOLET, Jean, early French explorer, came 
from Cherbourg, France, in 1618, and, for several 
years, lived among the Algonquins, whose lan- 
guage he learned and for whom he acted as 
interpreter. On July 4. 1634, he discovered Lake 
Michigan, then called the "Lake of the Illinois," 



400 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



and visited the Chippewas, Menominees and 
Winnebagoes, in the region about Green Bay, 
among whom he was received kindly. From the 
Mascoutins, on the Fox River (of Wisconsin), he 
learned of the Illinois Indians, some of whose 
northern villages he also visited. He subse- 
quently returned to Quebec, where he was 
drowned, in October, 1643. He was probably the 
first Caucasian to visit Wisconsin and Illinois. 

NILES, Nathaniel, lawyer, editor and soldier, 
born at Plainfield, Otsego County, N. Y., Feb. 4, 
1817; attended an academy at Albany, from 1830 
to '34, was licensed to practice law and removed 
west in 1837, residing successively at Delphi and 
Frankfort, Ind., and at Owensburg, Ky., until 
1842, when he settled in Belleville, 111. In 1840 
he was commissioned a First Lieutenant in the 
Second Regiment Illinois Volunteers (Colonel 
Bissell's) for the Mexican War, but, after the 
battle of Buena Vista, was promoted by General 
Wool to the captaincy of an independent com- 
pany of Texas foot. He was elected Chief Clerk 
of the House of Representatives at the session of 
1849, and the same year was chosen County 
Judge of St. Clair County, serving until 1861. 
With the e.\ception of brief periods from 18.51 to 
'59, he was editor and part owner of "The Belle- 
ville Advocate," a paper originally Democratic, 
but which became Republican on the organiza- 
tion of the Republican party. In 1861 he was 
appointed Colonel of the Fifty-fourth Illinois 
Volunteer Infantry, but the completion of its 
organization having been delayed, he resigned, 
and, the following year, was commissioned Colo- 
nel of the One Hundred and Thirtieth, serving 
until May, 1864, when he resigned — in March, 
1865, receiving the compliment of a brevet Briga- 
dier-Generalship. During the winter of 1862 63 
he was in command at Memphis, but later took 
part in the Vicksburg campaign, and in the cam- 
paigns on Red River and Bayou Teohe. After 
the war he served as Representative in the 
General Assembly from St. Clair County (1865-66) ; 
as Trustee of the Institution for the Deaf and 
Dumb at Jacksonville; on the Commission for 
building the State Penitentiary at Joliet, and as 
Commissioner (by appointment of Governor 
Oglesby) for locating the Soldiers' Orphans' 
Home. His later years have been spent chiefly 
in the practice of his profession, with occasional 
excursions into journalism. Originally an anti- 
slavery Democrat, he became one of the founders 
of the Republican party in Southern Illinois. 

NIXOJf, William Penn, journalist, Collector of 
'Customs, was born in Wayne County, Ind., of 



North Carolina and Quaker ancestry, early in 
1833. In 18,j3 he graduated from Farmers' (now 
Belmont) College, near Cincinnati, Ohio. After 
devoting two years to teaching, he entered the 
law department of the University or Pennsyl- 
vania (18.55), graduating in 1859. For nine years 
thereafter he practiced law at Cincinnati, during 
which period he was thrice elected to the Ohio 
Legislature. In 1868 he embarked in journalism, 
he and his older brother. Dr. O. W. Nixon, with 
a few friends, founding "The Cincinnati Chron- 
icle." A few years later "The Times" was pur- 
chased, and the two papers were consolidated 
under the name of "The Times-Chronicle." In 
May, 1873, having disposed of his interests in 
Cincinnati, he assumed the business manage- 
ment of "The Chicago Inter Ocean," then a new 
venture and struggling for a foothold. In 1875 
he and his brother, Dr. O. W. Nixon, secured a 
controlling interest in the paper, when the 
former assumed the position of editor-in-chief, 
which he continued to occupy until 1897, when 
he was appointed Collector of Customs for the 
City of Chicago — a position which he now holds. 

JfOKOMIS, a city of Montgomery County, on 
the "Big Four" main line and " "Frisco" Rail- 
roads, 81 miles east by north from St. Louis and 
53 miles west of Mattoon; in important grain- 
growing and hay-producing section; has water- 
works, electric lights, three flour mills, two 
machine sliops, wagon factory, creamery, seven 
churches, high school, two banks and three 
papers; is noted fof sliipments of poultry, butter 
and eggs. Population (1890), 1,305; (1900), 1,371. 

NORM.iL, a city in McLean County, 3 miles 
north of Bloomington and 134 .southwe.st of Chi- 
cago; at intersecting point of the Chicago & 
Alton and the Illinois Central Railroads. It lies 
in a rich coal and agricultural region, and has 
extensive fruit-tree nurseries, two canning fac- 
tories, one bank, hospital, and four periodicals. 
It is the seat of the Soldiers' Orphans' Home, 
founded in 1869, and the Illinois State Normal 
University, founded in 1857; has city and rural 
mail delivery. Pop. (1890). 3,4.59; (1900). 3,795. 

NORMAL UNIVERSITIES. (See Southern 
Illinois Normal University; State Normal Uni- 
versity. ) 

NORTH ALTON, a village of Madison County 
and suburb of the city of Alton. Population 
(1880), 838; (1890), 763; (1900), 904. 

NORTHCOTT, William A., Lieutenant-Gov- 
ernor, was born in Murf reesboro, Tenn. , Jan. 28, 
1854 — the son of Gen. R. S. Northcott, whoso 
loyalty to the Union, at the beginning of the 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



401 



Rebellion, compelled liim to leave his Southern 
home and seek safety for himself and familj- in 
the North. He went to West Virginia, was com- 
missioned Colonel of a regiment and served 
through the war, being for some nine months a 
prisoner in Libby Prison. After acquiring his 
literary education in the public schools, the 
younger Xorthcott spent some time in the Naval 
Academj' at Annapolis, Md., after which ho was 
engaged in teaching. Meanwhile, he was prepar- 
ing for the practice of law and was admitti^d to 
the bar in 1877, two years later coming to Green- 
ville, Bond County, IlL, which has since been his 
home. In 1880. by appointment of President 
Hayes, he served as Supervisor of the Census for 
the Seventh District; in 1882 was elected State's 
Attorney for Bond County and re-elected suc- 
cessively in '84 and '88 ; in 1890 was appointed on 
the Board of Visitors to tlie United States Naval 
Academy, and, by selection of the Board, 
delivered the annual address to the graduating 
class of that year. In 1892 he was the Repub- 
lican nominee for Congress for the Eighteenth Dis- 
trict, but was defeated in the general landslide of 
that year. In 189G he was more fortunate, being 
elected Lieutenant-Governor bj- the vote of the 
State, receiving a plurality of over 137,000 over 
his Democratic opponent- 

NORTH PEORIA, formerly a suburban village 
in Peoria County. 2 miles nortli of the city of 
Peoria; annexed to the citv of Peoria in 1900. 

NORTHERN BOUNDARY QUESTION, THE. 
The Ordinance of 1787, making the first spetufic 
provision, by Congress, for the government of the 
country lying northwest of the Ohio River and 
east of the Mississippi (known as the Northwest 
Territory), provided, among other tilings (Art. 
v.. Ordinance 1787), that "there shall be formed 
in the said Territory not less than three nor more 
than live States." It then proceeds to fix the 
boundaries of the proposed States, on the assump- 
tion that there shall be tliree in number, adding 
thereto the following proviso: "Provided, how- 
ever, and it is further understood and declared, 
that the boun<laries of these three States shall bo 
subject so far to be altered that, if Congress shall 
hereafter find it expedient, they shall have 
authority to form one or two States in that part 
of the said Territory which lies north of an east 
and we.st line drawn through the southerly bend 
or extreme of Lake Michigan." On the basis of 
this provision it has been claimed that the north- 
em boundaries of Illinoi.s, Indiana and Ohio 
should have been on the exact latitude of the 
southern limit of Lake Michigan, and that the 



failure to establish this boundary was a violation 
of the Ordinance, inasmuch as the fourteenth sec- 
tion of the preamble thereto declares that "the 
following articles shall be considered as articles 
of comjjact between the original States and the 
people and States in the said Territory, and for- 
ever remain unalterable, unless by common con- 
sent."— In the limited state of geographical 
knowledge, existing at the time of the adoption of 
the Ordinance, there seems to have been con- 
siderable dilTerence of opinion as to the latitude 
of the southern limit of Lake Michigan. The 
map of Mitchell (17.55) had placed it on the paral- 
lel of 42° 20', while that of Thomas Ilutchins 
(1778) fixed it at 41" 37'. It was officially estab- 
lished by Government survey, in 1835, at 41 37' 
07.9". As a matter of fact, the northern bound- 
ary of neither of the three States named was finally 
fixed on the line mentioned in the proviso above 
quoted from the Ordinance — that of Ohio, where 
it meets the shore of Lake Erie, being a little 
north of iV 44'; that of Indiana at 41' 46' (some 
10 miles north of the soutliern bend of the lake), 
and that of Illinois at 42" 30'— about Gl miles 
north of the same line. The boundary line 
between Ohio and Michigan was settled after a 
bitter controversy, on the admission of the latter 
State into the Union, in 1837, in tlie acceptance 
by her of certain conditions proposed by Congress. 
These included the annexation to Michigan of 
what is known as the "Upper Peninsula," 
lying between Lakes Michigan and Superior, 
in lieu of a strip averaging six miles on her 
southern border, which she demanded from 
Ohio. — The establishment of the northern bound- 
ary of Illinois, in 1818, upon the line which now 
exists, is universally conceded to have been due 
to the action of Judge Nathaniel Pope, then the 
Delegate in Congress from Illinois Territory. 
While it was then acquiesced in without ques- 
tion, it has since been the subject of considerable 
controversy and has been followed by almost 
incalculable results. The "enabling act," as 
originally introduced early in 1818. empowering 
the people of Illinois Territory to form a State 
Government, fixed the northern boundary of the 
proposed State at 41 39', then the supposed lati- 
tude of the southern extremity of Lake Michigan. 
While the act %vas under consideration in Com- 
mittee of the Whole, Mr. Pope offered an amend- 
ment advancing the northern boundary to 42° 
30'. The object of his amendment (as he ex- 
plained) was to gain for the new State a coast 
line on Lake Michigan, bringing it into political 
and commercial relations with the States east of 



402 



HISTOEICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



it — Indiana, Ohio, Pennsylvania and New York — 
thus "'affording additional security to the per- 
petuity of the Union." He argued that tlie 
location of the State between the Mississippi, 
Wabash and Ohio Rivers — all flowing to the 
south — would bring it in intimate communica- 
tion with the Southern States, and that, in the 
event of an attempted disruption of the Union, it 
was important that it sliould be identified with 
the commerce of the Lakes, instead of being left 
entirelj' to the waters of the south-flowing 
rivers. "Thus, " .said he, "a rival interest would be 
created to check the wish for a Western or South- 
ern Confederacy. Her interests would thus be 
balanced and her inclinations turned to the 
North." He recognized Illinois as already "the 
key to the West," and he evidently foresaw that 
the time might come when it would be the Key- 
stone of the Union. While this evinced wonder- 
ful foresight, scarcely less convincing was his 
argument that, in time, a commercial emporium 
would grow up upon Lake Michigan, which would 
demand an outlet by means of a canal to the Illi- 
nois River — a work which was realized in the 
completion of the Illinois & Michigan Canal 
thirty years later, but which would scarcely have 
been accomplished had the State been practically 
cut off from the Lake and its chief emporium 
left to grow up in another commonwealth, or not 
at all. Judge Pope's amendment was accepted 
without division, and, in this form, a few days 
later, the bill became a law. — The almost super- 
human sagacity exhibited in Judge Pope's argu- 
ment, has been repeatedly illustrated in the 
commercial and political history of the State 
since, but never more significantly than in the 
commanding position which Illinois occupied 
during the late Civil War, with one of its citi- 
zens in the Presidential chair and another leading 
its 2.50,000 citizen soldiery and the armies of the 
Union in battling for the perpetuity of the 
Republic — a position which more than fulfilled 
every prediction made for it. — The territory 
affected by this settlement of the northern 
boundary, includes all that part of the State 
north of the northern line of La Salle County, 
and embraces the greater portion of the fourteen 
counties of Cook, Dupage, Kane, Lake, McHenry, 
Boone, DeKalb, Lee, Ogle, Winnebago, Stephen- 
son, Jo Daviess, Carroll and Whiteside, with por- 
tions of Kendall, Will and Rock Island— estimated 
at 8,500 square miles, or more than one-seventh 
of the present area of the State. It has been 
argued that this territory belonged to the State 
of Wisconsin under the provisions of the Ordi- 



nance of 1787, and there were repeated attempts 
made, on the part of the Wisconsin Legislature 
and its Territorial Governor (Doty), between 1839 
and 1843, to induce the people of these counties to 
recognize this claim. These were, in a few 
instances, partially successful, although no official 
notice was taken of them by the authorities of Illi- 
nois. The reply made to the Wisconsin claim by 
Governor Ford — who wrote his "History of Illi- 
nois" when the subject was fresh in the public 
mind — was that, while the Ordinance of 1787 
gave Congress power to organize a State north of 
the parallel running through the southern bend 
of Lake Michigan, "thei-e is nothing in the Ordi- 
nance requiring such additional State to be 
organized of the territory north of that line." In 
other words, that, when Congress, in 1818, 
authorized the organization of an additional 
State north of and in (i. e., within) the line 
named, it did not violate the Ordinance of 1787, 
but acted in accordance with it — in practically 
assuming that the new State "need not neces- 
sarily include the whole of the region north of 
that line." The question was set at rest by Wis- 
consin herself in the action of her Constitutional 
Convention of 1847-48, in framing her first con- 
stitution, in form recognizing the northern 
boundary of Illinois as fixed by the enabling act 
of 1818. 

KORTHERN HOSPITAL FOR THE I>SAIVE, 
an institution for the treatment of the insane, 
created by Act of the Legislature, approved, April 
16, 1869. The Commissioners appointed by Gov- 
ernor Palmer to fix its location consisted of 
August Adams, B. F. Shaw, W. R. Brown, M. L. 
Joslyn, D. S. Hammond and William Adams. 
After considering many offers and examining 
numerous sites, the Commissioners finally selected 
the Chisholm farm, consisting of about 155 acres, 
\V2 miles from Elgin, on the west side of Fox 
River, and overlooking that stream, as a site — 
this having been tendered as a donation by the 
citizens of Elgin. Plans were adopted in the 
latter part of 1869, the system of construction 
chosen conforming, in the main, to that of the 
United States Hospital for tlie Insane at Wash- 
ington, D. C. By January, 1872, the north wing 
and rear building were so far advanced as to per- 
mit the reception of sixty patients. The center 
building was ready for occupancy in April, 1873, 
and the south wing before the end of the follow- 
ing year. The total expenditures previous to 
1876 had exceeded §637,000, and since that date 
liberal appropriations have been made for addi- 
tions, repairs and improvements, including the 






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HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



403 



addition of between 300 and 100 acres to the lands 
connected with the institution The first Board 
of Trustees consisted of Charles X. Ilolden, 
Oliver Everett and Henry W. Sherman, with Dr. 
E. A. Kilbourne as the first Superintendent, and 
Dr. Ricliard A. Dewey (afterwards Superintend- 
ent of the Eastern Hospital at Kankakee) as his 
Assistant. Dr. Kilbourne remained at the head 
of the institution until his death, Feb. 27, 1800, 
covering a period of nineteen years. Dr. Kil- 
bourne was succeeded by Dr. Henry J. Brooks, 
and he, by Dr. Loewy, in June, 1893, and the 
latter by Dr. John B. Hamilton (former Super- 
vising Surgeon of the United States Marine Hos- 
pital Service) in 1897. Dr. Hamilton died in 
December, 1898. (See Hamilton, John B.) The 
total value of State property, June 30, 1894, was 
$883,74.5.60, of which ?701,330 was in land and 
buildings. Under tlie terms of the law estab- 
lishing the hospital, provision is made for the 
care therein of the incurably insane, so that it is 
both a hospital and an asylum. The whole num- 
ber of patients under treatment, for the two years 
preceding June 30, 1894, was 1,797, the number 
of inmates, on Dec. 1, 1897, 1,0.54, and the average 
daily attendance for treatment, for the year 1896, 
1,296. The following counties comprise the dis- 
trict dependent upon the Elgin Hospital : Boone, 
Carroll, Cook. DeKalb, Jo Daviess, Kane, Ken- 
dall, Lake, Stephenson, Whiteside and AVinne- 
bago. 

NORTHERN ILLINOIS NORMAL SCHOOL, 
an institution, incorporated in 1SS4. at Dixon, Lee 
County. 111., for the purpose of giving instruction 
in branches related to the art of teaching. Its 
last report claims a total of 1,639 pupils, of whom 
885 were men and 744 women, receiving instruc- 
tion from thirty -six teachers. The total value of 
property w;is estimated at more tlian .?200,000, of 
which §160,000 was in real estate and .$4."),000 in 
apparatus. Attendance on the institution has 
been affected by the establishment, under act of 
the Legislature of 1895, of the Northern State 
Normal School at DeKalb (which see). 

NORTHERN PENITENTIARY, THE, an insti- 
tution for the confinement of criminals of the 
State, located at Joliet, Will Count)-. The site 
was purchased by the State in 1857, and com- 
prises some seventy-two acres. Its erection was 
found necessjiry because of the inadequacy of the 
first penitentiary, at Alton. (See Alton Peni- 
tentiary.) The original plan contemplated a 
cell-hou.se containing 1,000 cells, which, it was 
thought, would meet the public necessities for 
many years to come. Its estimated cost waS 



55,50,000; but, within ten years, there had been 
e.xpeuded upon tlie institution the sum of .$934,- 
000, and its capacity was taxe<l to the utmost. 
Subsequent enlargements have increased the 
cost to over .$1,600,000, but by 1877, the institution 
had become so overcrowded that the erection of 
another State penal institution became positively 
necessary. (See Sonthern Penitentiary.) The 
prison has always been conducted on "the 
Auburn .system." which contemplates a.ssociate 
labor in silence, silent meals in a common refec- 
tory, and (as nearly as practicable) isolation at 
night. The system of labor has varied at differ- 
ent times, the "les.see system," the "contract 
system" and the "State account plan" being 
successively in force. {Bee Convict Labor.) The 
whole number of convicts in the institution, at 
the date of the official report of 1895, was 1,566. 
The total assets of the institution, Sept. 30, 1894, 
were reported at §2,121,308.86, of which §1,644,- 
601.11 was in real estate. 

NORTH & SOUTH RAILROAD. (See St. 
Louis, Peoria <t Xori'iern Railway.) 

NORTHERN STATE NORMAL SCHOOL, an 
institution for the education of teachers of the 
common schools, authorized to be established by 
act of the Legislature passed at the session of 
1895. The act made an appropriation of §50,000 
for the erection of liuildings and other improve- 
ments. The institution was located at DeKalb, 
DeKalb County, in the spring of 1896, and the 
erection of buildings commenced soon after — 
Isaac F. Ellwood, of DeKalb, contributing §20,- 
000 in cash, and J. F. Glidden, a site of sixty- 
seven acres of land. Up to Dec. 1, 1897, the 
appropriations and contributions, in land and 
money, aggregated §175,000. The school was 
expected to bo readj' for the reception of pupils 
in the latter part of 1899, and, it is estimated, will 
accommodate 1.000 students. 

NORTHWEST TERRITORY. The name 
formerly applied to that portion of the United 
States north and west of the Ohio River and east 
of the Mississippi, comprising the present States 
of Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Michigan and Wiscon- 
sin. The claim of the Government to the land 
had been acquired partly through conquest, by 
the expedition of Col. George Rogers Clark 
(which see), under the auspices of the State of 
Virginia in 1778; partly through treaties with the 
Indians, and partly tlirough ce.s-sions from those 
of the original States laying claim thereto. The 
first plan for the government of this vast region 
was devised and formulated by Thomas Jefferson, 
in his proposed Ordinance of 1784, which failed 



404 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



of ultimate passage. But three years later a 
broader scheme was evolved, and the famous 
Ordinance of 1787, with its clause ijrohibiting the 
extension of slavery beyond the Ohio River, 
passed the Continental Congress. This act has 
been sometimes termed "The American Magna 
Charta," because of its engrafting upon the 
organic law the principles of human freedom and 
nqual rights. The plan for the establishment of 
u distinctive territorial civil government in a 
new Territory — the first of its kind in the new 
republic — was felt to be a tentative step, and too 
much power was not granted to the residents. 
All the officers were appointive, and each official 
was required to be a land-owner. The elective 
franchise (but only for members of the General 
Assembly) could first be exercised only after the 
population had reached 5,000. Even then, every 
elector must own fifty acres of land, and every 
Representative, 200 acres. Store liberal provisions, 
however, were subsequently incorporated by 
amendment, in 1809. The first civil government 
in the Northwest Territory was established by act 
of the Virginia Legislature, in the organization 
of all the country west of the Ohio under the 
name "Illinois County," of which the Governor 
was authorized to appoint a "County Lieuten- 
ant" or "Commandant-in-Chief." The first 
"Commandant" appointed was Col. John Todd, 
of Kentucky, though he continued to discharge 
the duties for only a short period, being killed in 
the battle of Blue Licks, in 1783. After that the 
Illinois Country was almost without the semblance 
of an organized civil government, imtil 1788, 
when Gen. Arthur St. Clair was appointed the 
first Governor of Northwest Territorj-, under the 
Ordinance of 1787, serving until the separation of 
this region into the Territories of Ohio and Indi- 
ana in 1800, when William Henry Harrison 
became the Governor of the latter, embracing all 
that portion of the original Northwest Territory 
except the State of Ohio. During St. Clair's 
administration (1790) that part of the present State 
of Illinois between the Mississippi and Illinois 
Rivers on the west, and a line extending north 
from about the site of old Fort Massac, on the 
Ohio, to the mouth of the Mackinaw River, in the 
present coimty of Tazewell, on the east, was 
erected into a county under the name of St. 
Clair, with three county-seats, viz. : Cahokia, 
Kaskaskia and Prairie du Rocher. (See St. Clair 
County. ) Between 1830 and 1834 the name North- 
west Territory was applied to an unorganized 
region, embracing the present State of Wisconsin, 
attached to Michigan Territory for governmental 



purjjoses. (See Illinois County; St. Clair, Arthur; 
and Todd, Jolt n.) 

NORTHWESTERS COLLEGE, located at 
Naperville, Du Page County, and founded in 
1865, under the auspices of the Evangelical Asso- 
ciation. It maintains business, preparatory and 
collegiate departments, besides a theological 
school. In 1898 it had a faculty of nineteen profes- 
sors and assistants, with some 360 students, less 
than one-third of the latter being females, though 
both sexes are admitted to the college on an equal 
footing. The institution owns property to the 
value of §207,000, including an endowment of 
§85,000. 

JfORTHWESTERJf GRASD TRUIVK RAIL- 
WAT. (See Chicago & Grand Trunk Railway.) 

XORTHWESTERX NORMAL, located at Gene- 
seo. Henry County, 111., incorporated in 1884; in 
1894 had a faculty of twelve teachers with 171 
pupils, of whom ninety were male and eighty-one 
female. 

NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY, an impor- 
tant educational institution, established at 
Evanston, in Cook County, in 1851. In 1898 it 
reported 2,599 students (1,980 male and 619 
female), and a faculty of 234 instructors. 
It embraces the following departments, all of 
which confer degrees: A College of Liberal 
Arts; two Medical Schools (one for women 
exclusively); a Law School; a School of Phar- 
macy and a Dental College. The Garrett Bibli- 
cal Institute, at which no degrees are con- 
ferred, constitutes the theological department of 
the University. The charter of the institution 
requires a majority of the Trustees to be mem- 
bers of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and the 
University is the largest and wealthiest of the 
schools controlled by that denomination. The 
College of Liberal Arts and the Garrett Biblical 
Institute are at Evanston ; the other departments 
(all professional) are located in Chicago. In the 
academic department (Liberal Arts School), pro- 
vision is made for both graduate and post-gradu- 
ate courses. The Medical School was formerly 
known as the Chicago Medical College, and its 
Law Department was originally the Union Col- 
lege of Law, both of which have been absorbed 
by the University, as have also its schools of 
dentistry and pharmacy, wliich were formerly 
independent institutions. The property owned by 
the University is valued at §4,870,000, of which 
§1,100,000 is real estate, and §2,250,000 in endow- 
ment funds. Its income from fees paid by students 
in 1898 was §215,288, and total receipts from all 
sources, §483,389. Co-education of the sexes pre- 



HISTORICAL EXf'YrLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



405 



vails in the College of Liberal Arts. Dr. Ilenrj- 
Wade I?(iK*'i's is President. 

NOKTinVESTKKX UMVKKSITY MEDICAL 
SCHOOL, luiateU in Chicago; was organized in 
1S.'")9 as Medical School of the Lind (now Lake 
Korest) University. Tliree annual terms, of five 
months each, at first oon.stitiitod a course, 
although attendance at two onl}- was compul- 
sory. The institution first opened in temporary 
(luarters, Oct. 9, 18.59, with thirteen profes.sors 
and thirty three students. By IHO;! more ami)le 
accommodations were needed, and the Trustees 
of the Lind University being unable to provide a 
building, one was erected by the faculty. In 
18G4 the University relinquished all claim to the 
institution, which was thereupon incorporated as 
the Chicago Medical College. In 1HG8 the length 
of the annual terms was increased to six months, 
and additional requirements were imposed on 
candidates for both matriculation and gradu- 
ation. The same year, the college building was 
sold, and the erection of a new and more commo- 
dious edifice, on the grounds of the Mercy Hos- 
pital, was commenced. This was completed in 
1870. and the college became the medical depart- 
ment of the Northwestern University. The 
number of professorships had been increased to 
eighteen, and that of undergraduates to 107. 
Since that date new laboratory and clinical build- 
ings have been erected, and the growth of the 
institution has been steady and substantial. 
Mercy and St. Luke's Hospital, and the South 
Side Free DispensarN- afford resources for clinical 
instruction. The teaching faculty, as constituted 
in 1898, consists of about fifty instructors, in- 
cluding professors, lecturers, demonstrators, and 
assistants. 

XORTHWESTER> IMYERSITT WOMAN'S 
MEDICAL SCHOOL, an institution for the pro 
fessional education of women, located in 
Chicago. Its first corporate name was the 
"Woman's Hospital Medical College of Chicago," 
and it was in close connection with the Chicago 
Hospital for ATomen and Children. Later, it 
severed its connection with the hospital and took 
the name of the "Woman's Medical College of 
Chicago." Co-education of the sexes, in medicine 
and surgery, was experimentally tried from 1808 
to 1870, but the experiment proved repugnant to 
the male students, who unanimously signed a 
protest against the continuance of the system. 
The result was the establishment of a separate 
school for women in 1^70. with a faculty <>f six- 
teen professors. Tlie requirements for graduation 
were fixed art four years of medical study, includ- 



ing three annual graded college terms of six 
montlis each. The first term opened in the 
autumn of 1870, with an attendance of twenty 
students. The original location of the school 
was in the "North Division" of Chicago, in tem- 
porary quarters. After the fire of 1871 a removal 
was efl'ected to the "W'est Division," where (in 
1878-79) a modest, but well arranged building was 
erected. A larger structure was built in 1884, 
and, in 1S9I, the institution became a part of the 
Northwestern University. The college, in all its 
departments, is organized along the lines of the 
best medical schools of the country. In 1896 
there were twenty-four professorships, all capably 
filled, and among the faculty are some of the 
best known specialists in the country. 

XOUTOS, Jesse 0., lawyer. Congressman and 
Judge, was born at Bennington, Vt., April ■.^.'5, 
1812, and graduated from Williams College in 
183.5. He .settled at Joliet in 1839, and soon 
became prominent in the affairs of Will County. 
His first public office was that of City Attorney, 
after which he served as County Judge (1846-50). 
Meanwhile, he was chosen a Delegate to the Con- 
stitutional Convention of 1847. In 18.50 he was 
elected to the Legislature, and, in 1852, to Con- 
gress, as a Whig. His vigorous opposition to the 
repeal of the Missouri Compromise resulted in 
his re-election as a Representative in 1854. At 
the expiration of his second term (1857) he was 
chosen Judge of the eleventh circuit, to fill the 
unexpired term of Judge Randall, resigned. He 
was once more elected to Congress in 1863, but 
disagreed with his party as to the legal status of 
the States lately in rebellion. President Johnson 
appointed him United States Attorney for the 
Northern District of Illinois, which office he filled 
until 18G9. Immediateh' upon his retirement he 
began private practice at Chicago, where he died, 
August 3. 187.5. 

NORWOOD PARK, a village of Cook County, 
on the Chicago & Northwestern Railroad (Wis- 
consin Division), 11 miles northwest of Chicago. 
Incor[>orated in City of Chicago, 1893. 

NOrES, George Clement, clergj-man, was born 
at LandalT, N. H., August 4, 1833, brought by 
his parents to Pike County, 111., in 1.844, and. at 
the age of IG, determined to devote his life to the 
ministry : in 1851, entered Illinois College at Jack- 
sonville, graduating with first honors in the class 
of 1855. In the following autumn he entered 
Union Theological Seminary in New York, and, 
having graduated in 1858. was ordained the .same 
year, and installed pa.stor of the First Presb}-- 
terian Church at Laporte, Ind. Here he remained 



40G 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



ten years, when he accepted a call to the First 
Presbyterian Church of Evanston, 111., then a 
small organization which developed, during the 
twenty years of his pastorate, into one of the 
strongest and most influential cliurches in Evans- 
ton. For a number of years Dr. ISToyes was an 
editorial writer and weekly correspondent of 
"The New York Evangelist," over the signature 
of "Clement." He was also, for several years, an 
active and very efficient member of the Board of 
Trustees of Knox College. The liberal bent of 
his mind was illustrated in the fact that he acted 
as counsel for Prof. David Swing, during the cele- 
brated trial of the latter for heresy before the 
Chicago Presbytery — his argument on that 
occasion winning encomiums from all classes of 
people. His death took place at Evanston, Jan. 
14, 1889, as the result of an attack of pneumonia, 
and was deeply deplored, not only by his own 
church and denomination, but by the whole com- 
munity. Some two weeks after it occurred a 
union meeting was held in one of the churches at 
Evanston, at which addresses in commemoration 
of his services were delivered by some dozen 
ministers of that village and of Chicago, while 
various social and literary organizations and the 
press bore testimony to his high character. He 
was a member of the Literary Society of Cliicago, 
and, during the last 3'ear of his life, served as its 
President. Dr. Noyes was married, in 1858, to a 
daughter of David A. Smith, Esq., an honored 
citizen and able lawyer of Jacksonville. 

OAKLAND, a city of Coles County on the Van- 
dalia Line and the Toledo. St. Louis & Western 
Railroad, 15 miles northeast of Charleston; is in 
grain center and broom-corn belt; the town has 
two banks and one daily and two weekly papers. 
Pop. (1890), 995;(1900), 1,198. 

OAK PARK, a village of Cook County, and 
popular residence suburb of Chicago, 9 miles 
west of the initial station of the Chicago & 
Northwestern Railroad, on which it is located ; is 
also upon the line of the Wisconsin Central Rail- 
road. Tlie place has numerous churches, pros- 
perous schools, a public librar}-, telegraph and 
express oflHces. banks and two local papers. 
Population (1880), 1,888; (1890), 4,771. 

OBERLT, John H., journalist and Civil Serv- 
ice Commissioner, was born in Cincinnati, 
Ohio, Dec. 6, 1837; spent part of his boyhood in 
Allegheny County, Pa., but, in 18.33, began learn- 
ing the printer's trade in the office of "The Woos- 
ter (Ohio) Republican, " completing it at Memphis, 
Tenn , and becoming a journeyman printer in 



1857. He worked in various ofi&ces, including 
the Wooster paper, where he also began the study 
of law, but, in 1860, became part proprietor of 
"Tlie Bulletin" job office at Memphis, in which 
he had been emploj-ed as an apprentice, and, 
later, as foreman. Having been notified to leave 
Memphis on account of his LTnion principles 
after the beginning of the Civil War, he returned 
to Wooster, Ohio, and conducted various papers 
there during the next four years, but, in 1865, 
came to Cairo, 111., where he served for a time as 
foreman of "The Cairo Democrat," three years 
later establishing "The Cairo Bulletin." Although 
the latter paper was burned out a few months later, 
it was immediately re-established. In 1872 he 
was elected Representative in the Twenty -eiglith 
General Assembly, and, in 1877, was appointed 
by Governor Cullom the Democratic member of 
the Railroad and Warehouse Commission, serving 
four years, meanwhile (in 1880) being the Demo- 
cratic candidate for Secretary of State. Other 
positions held by him included Mayor of the city 
of Cairo (1869) ; President of the National Typo- 
graphical Union at Chicago (1865), and at Mem- 
phis (18G6); delegate to the Democratic National 
Convention at Baltimore (1872), and Chairman of 
the Democratic State Central Committee 
(1883-84). After retiring from the Railroad and 
Warehouse Commission, he united in founding 
"The Bloomington (111.) Bulletin," of which he 
was editor some three years. During President 
Cleveland's administration he was appointed a 
member of the Civil Service Commission, being 
later transferred to the Commissionership of 
Indian Affairs. He was subsequently connected 
in an editorial capacity with "The Washington 
Post," "The Richmond (Va.) State," "The Con- 
cord (N. H.) People and Patriot" and "The Wash- 
ington Times." While engaged in an attempt to 
reorganize "The People and Patriot," he died at 
Concord, N. H., April 15, 1899. 

ODD FELLOWS. "Western Star" Lodge, No. 
1, I. O. O. F. , was instituted at Alton, June 11, 
1836. In 1838 the Grand Lodge of Illinois was 
instituted at the same place, and reorganized, at 
Springfield, in 1842. S. C. Pierce was the first 
Grand Master, and Samuel L. Miller, Grand Sec- 
retary. Wildey Encampment, No. 1, was organ- 
ized at Alton in 1838, and the Grand Encampment, 
at Peoria, in 1850, with Charles H. Constable 
Grand Patriarcli. In 1850 the subordinate branches 
of the Order numbered seventy-six, with 3,291 
members, and 825,392.87 revenue. In 1895 the 
Lodges numbered 838, the membership 50,544, 
with $475,252.18 revenue, of which $185,018.40 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



407 



■was expended for relief. Tlie Encampment 
branch, in 1895. embraced 179 organization.s with 
a membersliip of 6,812 and §23,80.5.25 revenue, of 
which .?6,T81.40 was paid out for relief. Tlie 
Rebekah brancli, for tlie same year, comprised 422 
Lodges, with 22.000 members and $43,21.5.65 
revenue, of which S3. 122. 79 was for relief. The 
total sum distributed for relief by the several 
organizations (1895) was .$144, 972..59. The Order 
was especially liberal in its benefactions to the 
sufferers by the Chicago fire of 1871, an appeal to 
its members calling forth a generous response 
throughout the United States. (See Odd Fellows' 
Orphans' Home.) 

ODD FELLOWS' ORPHANS' HOME, a benevo 
lent institution, incorporated in 1889, erected at 
Lincoln, 111., under the auspices of the Daughters 
of Rebekah (see Odd Fellowt!). and dedicated 
August 19, 1892. The building is four stories in 
height, has a capacit}' for the accommodation of 
fifty children, and cost §36, .524. 76, exclusive of 
forty acres of land valued at §8,000. 

ODELL, a village of Livingston County, and 
station on the Chicago & Alton Railway, 82 
miles south-southwest of Chicago. It is in a 
grain and stock-raising region. Population (1880), 
908; (1890), 800; (1900), 1,000. 

ODIN, a village of Marion County, at the cross- 
ing of the Chicago branch of the Illinois Central 
and the Baltimore & Ohio Southwestern Rail- 
ways, 244 miles south by west from Chicago; in 
fruit belt; has coal-mine, two fruit evaporators, 
bank and a newspaper. Pop. (1900), 1,180. 

0'F.VLL(»N,a village of St. Clair County, on 
the Baltimore & Ohio Southwestern Railway, 18 
miles east of St. Louis; has interurban railway, 
electric liglits, waterworks, factories, coal-mine, 
bank and a newspaper. Pop. (1900), 1,267. 

OGDEX, William Butler, capitalist and Rail- 
way President, born at Walton, X. Y. , June 15. 
1805. He was a member of the New York Legis- 
lature in 1834, and, the following year, removed 
to Chicago, where he established a land and trust 
agency. He took an active part in the various 
enterprises centering around Chicago, and. on 
the incorporation of the city, was elected its first 
Slayor. He was prominentlj^ identified with the 
construction of the Galena & Chicago Union 
Railroad, and, in 1847, became its President. 
While visiting Europe in 1853, he made a careful 
study of the canals of Holland, which convinced 
him of the desirability of widening and deepen- 
ing the Illinois & Michigan Canal and of con- 
structing a ship canal across the southern 
peninsula of Michigan. In 1855 he became Presi- 



dent of the Chicago, St. Paul & Fond du Lac 
Railroad, and effected its consolidation with the 
Galena & Chicago Union. Out of this consoli- 
dation sprang the Chicago & Northwestern Rail- 
way Company, of which he was elected President. 
In 1850 he presided over the National Pacific 
Railroad Convention, and, upon the formation of 
the Union Pacific Rjiilroad Company, he became 
its President. He was largely connected with 
the inception of the Northern Pacific line, in the 
success of which he was a firm believer. He 
also controlled various other interests of public 
importance, arpong them the great lumbering 
establishments at Peshtigo, Wis., and, at the time 
of his death, was the owner of what was probably 
the largest plant of that description in the world. 
His benefactions were numerous, among the 
recipients being the Rush Medical College, of 
which he was President; the Theological Semi- 
nary of the Northwest, the Chicago Historical 
Society, the Academy of Sciences, the University 
of Chicago, the Astronomical Society, and many 
other educational and benevolent institutions 
and organizations in the Northwest. Died, in 
New York City, August 3, 1877. (See Cliicago & 
Aorfli instcrn Ra ilroad. ) 

0(i!LE, Joseph, pioneer, was born in Virginia 
in 1741, came to Illinois in 1785, settling in the 
American Bottom within the present County of 
Monroe, but afterwards removed to St. Clair 
County, about the site of the present town of 
O'Fallon, 8 miles north of Belleville; was selected 
by his neighlx)rs to serve as Captain in their 
skirmishes with the Indians. Died, at his home 
in St. Clair County, in February, 1821. Captain 
Ogle had the reputation of being the earliest con- 
vert to Methodism in Illinois. Ogle County, in 
Northern Illinois, was named in his honor — 
Jacob (Ogle), son of the preceding, also a native 
of Virginia, was born about 1772, came to Illinois 
with his father in 1785, and was a "Ranger" in 
the War of 1812. He served as a Representative 
from St. Clair County in the Third General 
Assembly (1822). and again in the Seventh 
(1830), in the former being an opponent of the 
pro-slavery convention scheme. Beyond two 
terms in the Legislature he .seems to have held 
no public office except that of Justice of the 
Peace. Like his father, he was a zealous Metho- 
dist and highly respected. Died, in 1844, aged 72 
years. 

OGLE COUNTY, next to the "northern tier" of 
counties of the State and originally a part of Jo 
Daviess. It was separately organized in 1837, 
and Lee County was carved from its territorj- in 



408 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



1839. In 1900 its area was 780 square miles, and 
its population 29,129. Before the Black Hawk 
War immigration was slow, and life primitive. 
Peoria was the nearest food market. New grain 
was "ground" on a grater, and old pounded 
■with an extemporized pestle in a wooden mortar. 
Rock River flows across the county from north- 
east to southwest. A little oak timber grows 
along its hanks, but, generallj- speaking, the sur- 
face is undulating prairie, with soil of a rich 
loam. Sandstone is in ample supply, and all the 
limestones aboimd. An extensive peat-bed has 
been discovered on the Killbuck Creek. Oregon, 
the county-seat, has fine water-power. Tlie other 
principal towns are Rochelle, Polo, Forreston and 
Mount Morris. 

OGLESBY, Richard James, Governor and 
United States Senator, was born in Oldham 
County, Ky., July 35, 1824; left an orphan at the 
age of 8 years ; in 1836 accompanied an uncle to 
Decatur, 111., where, until 1844, he worked at 
farming, carpentering and rope-making, devoting 
his leisure hours to the study of law. In 1845 he 
was admitted to the bar and began practice at 
Sullivan, in Moultrie County. In 1846 he was 
commissioned a Lieutenant in the Fourth Regi- 
ment, Illinois Volunteers (Col. E. D. Baker's regi- 
ment), and served through the Mexican War, 
taking part in the siege of Vera Cruz and the 
battle of Cerro Gordo. In 1847 be pursued a 
course of study at the Louisville Law School, 
graduating in 1848. He was a "forty-niner" in 
California, but returned to Decatur in 1851. In 
1858 he made an unsuccessful campaign for Con- 
gress in the Decatur District. In 1860 he was 
elected to the State Senate, but early in 1861 
resigned his seat to accept the colonelcy of the 
Eighth Illinois Volunteers. Through gallantry 
(notably at Forts Henry and Donelson and at 
Corinth) he rose to be Major-General, being se- 
verely wounded in the last-named battle. He 
resigned his commission on account of disability, 
in May, 1864, and the following November was 
elected Governor, as a Republican. In 1872 he 
was re-elected Governor, but, two weeks after 
his inauguration, resigned to accept a seat in the 
United States Senate, to which he was elected 
by the Legislature of 1873. In 1884 he was 
elected Governor for the third time — being the 
only man in the history of the State who (up to 
the present time — 1899) has been thus honored. 
After the expiration of his last term as Governor, 
he devoted his attention to his private affairs at 
his home at Elkhart, in Logan Count}', where he 
died, April 24, 1899, deeply mourned by personal 



and political friends in all parts of the Union, 
who admired his strict integrity and sterling 
patriotism. 

OHIO, INDIANA & WESTERN R.ULWAY. 
(See Peoria «£■ Eastern Railroad.) 

OHIO RIVER, an affluent of the Mississippi, 
formed by the union of the Monongahela and 
Allegheny Rivers, at Pittsburg, Pa. At this point 
it becomes a navigable stream about 400 yards 
wide, with an elevation of about 700 feet above 
sea-level. The beauty of the scenery along its 
banks secured for it, from the early French 
explorers (of whom La Salle was one), the name 
of "La Belle Riviere." Its general course is to 
the southwest, but with many sinuosities, form- 
ing the southern boundary of the States of Ohio, 
Indiana and Illinois, and the western and north- 
ern boundary of West Virginia and Kentucky, 
until it enters the Mississippi at Cairo, in latitude 
37° N., and about 1,200 miles above the mouth of 
the latter stream. The area which it drains is 
computed to be 214,000 square miles. Its mouth 
is 268 feet above the level of the sea. The current 
is remarkably gentle and uniform, except near 
Louisville, where there is a descent of twenty- 
two feet within two miles, which is evaded by 
means of a canal around the falls. Large steam- 
boats can navigate its whole length, except in low 
stages of water and when closed by ice in winter. 
Its largest affluents are the Tennessee, the Cum- 
berland, the Kentucky, the Great Kanawha and 
tlie Green Rivers, from the south, and the Wa- 
bash, the Miami, Scioto and Muskingum from the 
north. The principal cities on its banks are Pitts- 
burg, Wheeling, Cincinnati, Louisville, Evans- 
ville. New Albany, Madison and Cairo. It is 
crossed by bridges at Wheeling, Cincinnati and 
Cairo. The surface of the Ohio is subject to a 
variation of forty-two to fifty-one feet between 
high and low water. Its length is 975 miles, and 
its widtli varies from 400 to 1,000 yards. (See 
Iniiiidiitions, Remarkable.) 

OHIO & MISSISSIPPI RAILWAY. (See Bal- 
timore & Ohio SoutJuresteDi Railroad.) 

OLNEY, an incorporated city and tlie county- 
seat of Richland County, 31 miles west of Vin- 
cennes, Ind., and 117 miles east of St. Louis, Mo., 
at the junction of tlie Baltimore & Ohio South- 
western and the Peoria Division of the Illinois 
Central and the Ohio River Division of the Cin- 
cinnati. Hamilton & Dayton Railroad; is in the 
center of the fruit belt and an important shipping 
point for farm produce and live-stock ; has flour 
mills, a furniture factory and railroad repair 
shops, banks, a public library, churches and five 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



409 



newspapers, one issuing daily and anotlier semi- 
weekly editions. Population (1890), 8,831 ; (1900). 
4,260. 

OMELVENY, John, pioneer and head of a 
numerous family which became prominent in 
Southern Illinois; was a native of Ireland who 
came to America about 1798 or 1799. After resid- 
ing in Kentuclvy a few years, he removed to Illi- 
nois, locating in what afterwards became Pope 
Count)-, whither his oldest son, Samuel, had 
preceded him about 1797 or 1798. The latter for 
a time followed the occupation of flat-boating, 
carrying produce to New Orleans. He was a 
member of the Constitutional Convention of 1818 
from Pope County, being the colleague of Hamlet 
Ferguson. A year later he removed to Randolph 
County, where he served as a member of the 
County Court, but, in 1820-22, wo find him a 
member of the Second General Asseml)Iy from 
Union County, having successfully contested the 
seat of Samuel Alexander, who had received the 
certificate of election. Ho died in 1828.— Edward 
(Omelveny), another member of this family, and 
grandson of the elder John Omelveny, represented 
Monroe County in the Fifteenth General Assem- 
bly (1846-48), and was Presidential Elector in 
1853, but died sometime during the Civil War. — 
Harvey K. S. (Omelveny), the fifth son of Wil- 
liam Omelveny and grandson of John, was born 
in Todd County, Ky., in 1823, came to Southern 
Illinois, in 1852, and engaged in the practice of 
law, being for a time the partner of Senator 
Thomas E. Merritt, at Salem. Early in 1858 he 
was elected a Justice of the Circuit Court to 
succeed Judge Breese, who had been promoted to 
the Supreme Court, but resigned in 1861. He 
gained considerable notoriety by his intense 
hostility to the policy of the Government during 
the Civil War, was a Delegate to the Constitu- 
tional Convention of 1862, and was named as a 
member of the Peace Commission proposed to be 
appointed by the General Assemblj-, in 1863, to 
secure terms of peace with the Southern Con- 
federacy. He was also a leading spirit in the 
peace meeting held at Peoria, in August, 1863. 
In 1869 Mr. Omelveny removed to Los Angeles, 
Cal. , which has since been his home, and where 
he has carried on a lucrative law practice. 

OXAKGA, a town in Iroquois County, on the 
Illinois Central Railroad, 85 miles south by west 
from Chicago, and 43 miles north by east from 
Champaign. It is a manufacturing town, flour, 
wagons, wire-fencing, stoves and tile being 
among the products. It has a bank, eight 
churches, a graded school, a commercial college. 



and a weekly newspaper. Population (1880), 
1,061; (1890), 994; (1900), 1.270. 

ONEID.\, a city in Knox County, on the Chi- 
cago, Burlington & Quincy Railroad, 12 miles 
northeast of Galesburg; has wagon, pump and 
furniture factories, two banks, electric liglits, 
several churches, a graded scliool, and a weeklj' 
paper. The surrounding country is rich prairie, 
where coal is mined about twenty feet below the 
surface. Pop. (1890), 699; (1900), 785. 

()(JUAWKA, the county seat of Henderson 
County, situated on the Mississippi River, about 
15 miles above Burlington, Iowa, and 32 miles 
west of Galesburg. It is in a farming region, 
but has some manufactories. The town has 
five churches, a graded school, a bank and three 
newspapers. Population (1900). 1.010. 

ORDINANCE OF 1787. This is the name 
given to the first organic act. passed by Congress, 
for the government of the territory northwest of 
the Ohio River, comprising the present States of 
Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Michigan and Wisconsin. 
The first step in this direction was taken in the 
appointment, by Congress, on March 1, 1784, of a 
committee, of which Thomas Jefferson was Chair- 
man, to prepare a plan for the temporary govern- 
ment of the region whicli liad been acquired, by 
the capture of Kaskaskia, by Col. George Rogers 
Clark, nearly six years previous. The necessity 
for some step of this sort had grown all the more 
urgent, in consequence of the recognition of the 
right of the United States to this region by the 
Treaty of Paris of 1783, and the surrender, by Vir- 
ginia, of the title she had maintained thereto on 
account of Clark's conquest under her auspices — 
a right which she had exercised by furnishing 
whatever semblance of government so far existed 
northwest of the Ohio. The report submitted 
from Jefferson's committee proposed the division 
of the Territoiy into seven States, to which was 
added the proviso that, after the year 1800, "there 
shall be neither slaverj- nor involuntarj' servitude 
in any of said States, otherwise than in punish- 
ment of crime whereof the partj' shall have been 
duly convicted." This reiwrt failed of adoption, 
however, Congress contenting itself with the 
pas-sage of a resolution providing for future 
organization of this territory into States by the 
people — the measures necessary for temporary 
government being left to fut\ire Congressional 
action. While the postponement, in the reso- 
lution as introduced by Jefferson, of the inhi- 
bition of slavery to the year 1800, has been 
criticised, its introduction was significant, as 
coming from a representative from a slave State, 



410 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



and being the first proposition in Congress look- 
ing to restriction, of anj' character, on the subject 
of slavery. Congress having taken no further 
step under the resolution adopted in 1784, the 
condition of the country (thus left practically 
without a responsible government, while increas- 
ing in population) became constantly more 
deplorable. An appeal from the people about 
Kaskaskia for some better form of government, 
in 1786, aided by the influence of the newly 
organized "Ohio Company," who desired to en- 
courage emigration to the lands which they were 
planning to secure from tlie General Government, 
at last brought about the desired result, in the 
passage of the famous "Ordinance," on the 13th 
day of July, 1787. While making provision for a 
mode of temporary self-government by the 
people, its most striking features are to be found 
in the six "articles" — a sort of "Bill of Rights" — 
with which the document closes. These assert; 
(1) the right of freedom of worship and religious 
opinion; (2) the right to the benefit of habeas 
corjius and trial by jury; to proportionate repre- 
sentation, and to protection in liberty and prop- 
erty; (3) that "religion, morality and knowledge, 
being necessary to good government and the 
happiness of mankind, schools and the means of 
education shall forever be encouraged"; (4) that 
the States, formed within the territory referred 
to, "shall forever remain a part of this confeder- 
acy of the United States of America, subject to 
the Articles of Confederation and to such alter- 
ations therein as shall be constitutionally made" ; 
(5) prescribe the boundaries of the States to be 
formed therein and the conditions of their admis- 
sion into the Union ; and (6 — and most significant 
of all) repeat the prohibition regarding the 
introduction of slavery into the Northwest Terri- 
tory, as proposed by Jefferson, but without any 
qualification as to time. There has been consider- 
able controversy regarding the authorship of this 
portion of the Ordinance, into which it is not 
necessary to enter here. While it has been char- 
acterized as a second and advanced Declaration 
of Independence — and probably no single act of 
Congress was ever fraught with more important 
and far-reaching results — it seems remarkable 
that a majority of the States supporting it and 
securing its adoption, were then, and long con- 
tinued to be, slave States. 

OREGON, the county-seat of Ogle County, 
situated on Rock River and the Minneapolis 
Branch of the Chicago, Burlington &Quincy Rail- 
road, 100 miles west from Chicago. The sur- 
rounding region is agricultural; the town has 



water power and manufactures flour, pianos, steel 
tanks, street sprinklers, and iron castings. It has 
two banks, water-works supplied by flowing 
artesian wells, cereal miU, and two weekly news- 
papers ; has also obtained some repute as a summer 
resort. Pop.(1880), 1,088; (1890), 1,566; (1900),!,. 577. 

ORION, a village of Henry County, at the inter- 
section of the Rock Island Division of the Chicago 
Burlington & Quincy and the Chicago, Rock 
Island & Pacific Railways, 19 miles southeast of 
Rock Island. Pop. (1890), 634; (1900), 584. 

OSBOR>', William Henry, Railway President, 
was born at Salem, Mass., Dec. 21, 1820. After 
receiving a high school education in his native 
town, he entered the counting room of the East 
India house of Peele, Hubbell & Co. ; was subse- 
quently sent to represent the firm at Manila, 
finally engaging in business on liis own account, 
during which he traveled extensively in Europe. 
Returning to the United States in 1853, he took 
up his residence in New York, and, having mar- 
ried the daughter of Jonathan Sturges, one of the 
original incorporators and promoters of the Illi- 
nois Central Railroad, he soon after became asso- 
ciated with that enterprise. In August, 1854, he 
was chosen a Director of the Company, and, on 
Dec. 1, 1855, became its third President, serving 
in the latter position nearly ten years (until July 
11, 1865), and, as a Director, until 1877 — in all, 
twenty-two years. After retiring from his con- 
nection with the Illinois Central Raih-oad, Mr. 
Osborn gave his attention largely to enterprises 
of an educational and benevolent character in aid 
of the unfortunate classes in the State of New 
York. 

OSBORN, Thomas 0., soldier and diplomatist, 
was born in Licking County, Ohio, August 11, 
1832; graduated from the Ohio University at 
Athens, in 1854; studied law at Crawfordsville, 
Ind., with Gen. Lew Wallace, was admitted to 
the bar and began practice in Chicago. Early in 
the war for the Union he joined the "Yates 
Phalan,x, " which, after some delay on account of 
the quota being full, was mustered into the serv- 
ice, in August, 1861, as the Thirty-ninth Illinois 
Volunteers, the subject of this sketch being com- 
missioned its Lieutenant-Colonel. His promotion 
to the colonelcy soon followed, the regiment 
being sent east to guard the Baltimore & Ohio 
Railroad, where it met the celebrated Stonewall 
Jackson, and took part in many important en- 
gagements, including the battles of Winchester, 
Bermuda Hundreds, and Drurj-'s Blnff, besides 
the sieges of Charleston and Petersburg. At 
Bermuda Hundreds Colonel Osborn was severely 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



411 



wounded, losing the use of his right arm. He 
bore a conspicuous part in the operations about 
Richmond which resulted in the capture of the 
rebel capital, his services being recognized by 
promotion to the brevet rank of JIajor-General. 
At the close of the war he returned to the prac- 
tice of law in Chicago, but, in 1874, was ajjpoiuted 
Consul-Genoral and Jlinister-Resident to the 
Argentine Republic, remaining in that position 
until June, 1885, when ho resigned, resuming his 
residence in Chicago. 

OSWEGO, a village in Kendall County, on the 
Aurora and Streator branch of the Chicago, Bur- 
lington & Quincy Railway, 6 miles south of 
Aurora. Population (1890), 641; (1000), 018. 

OTTAWA, the county-seat and principal city 
of La Salle County, being incorporated as a vil- 
lage in 1838, and, as a city, in 1853. It is located 
at the confluence of the Illinois and Fox Rivers 
and on tlie Illinois & Michigan Canal. It is the 
intersecting point of the Chicago, Rock Island & 
Pacific Railway and the Streator branch of the 
Chicago, Burlington & Quincy, 98 miles east of 
Rock Island and S3 miles west-southwest of Chi- 
cago. The surrounding region alxninds in coal. 
Sand of a superior quality for the matuifacture of 
glass is found in tlie vicinity and the place has 
extensive glass works. Other manufactured 
products are brick, drain-tile, sewer-pipe, tile- 
roofing, pottery, pianos, organs, cigars, wagons 
and carriages, agricultural implements, hay 
carriers, hay presses, sash, doors, blinds, cabinet 
work, saddlery and harness anil pumps. The city 
has some handsome public buildings including 
the Appellate (formerly Supreme) Court House 
for tlie Northern Division. It also has several 
pulilic parks, one of wliicli (South Park) contains 
a medicinal spring. Tliere are a dozen cliurches 
and numerous public school buildings, including 
a high school. The city is lighted by gas and 
electricity, has electric street railways, good 
sewerage, and water-works supplied from over 
150 artesian wells and numerous natural springs. 
It lijis one private and two national banks, five 
librarie.s. and eight weekly newspapers (three 
German), of wliich four issue daily editions. Pop. 
(1890), 9,9S5; (1900), 10,.588. 

OTTAWA, CHICA(;0 & FOX RIVER VALLEY 
R.VILRO.VD. (See Cliicayo, Burlington & Quincy 
Railroad.) 

Ol'TAG-VMIES, a name given, by the French, 
to the Indian tribe known as the Foxes. (See 
Sacs and Foxex. ) 

OWEN, Thomas J. A'., early legislator and 
Indian Agent, was born in Kentucky, April 5, 



1801 ; came to Illinois at an early duj', and, in 
1830, was elected to the Seventh General Assem- 
bly from Randolph County; the following year 
was appointed Indian Agent at Chicago, as suc- 
cessor to Dr. Alexander Woh^ott, who had died in 
the latter part of 1830. Mr. Owen served as 
Indian Agent until 1833; was a member of the 
first Board of Town Trustees of the village of Chi- 
cago, Commissioner of School Lands, and one of 
the Government Commissioners who conducted 
the treaty with the Pottawatomie and other 
tribes of Indians at Chicago, in September, 1833. 
Died, in Chicago, Oct. 15, 1835. 

P.\DDOCK, Gains, pioneer, a native of Massa- 
chusetts, was born in 17.58; at the age of 17 he 
entered the Colonial Army, .serving until the 
close of the Revolutionary War, and being in 
Washington's command at the crossing of the 
Delaware. After the war he removed to Ver- 
mont; but, in 1815, went to Cincinnati, and, a 
year later, to St. Charles, Mo. Then, after hav- 
ing spent about a year at St. Louis, in 1818 lie 
located in ^ladison County, 111., at a point after- 
wards known as "Paddock's Grove," and which 
became one of tlie most prosperous agricultural 
sections of Southern Illinois. Died, in 1831. 

PAI\E, ((ien.) Eleazer A., soldier, was born in 
Parkman, Geauga County, Ohio, Sept. 10, 1815; 
graduated at 'VJ'est Point Military Academy, in 
1839, and was assigned to the First Infantry, 
serving in the Florida War (1839-40), but resigned, 
Oct. 11, 1840. He then studied law and practi('ed 
at Painesville, Ohio, (1843-48), and at :Monmoutli, 
111., (1848-61), meanwhile serving in the lower 
branch of the Eigliteenth CJeneral A.ssembly 
(18.)'2-53). Before leaving Ohio, he had been 
Deputy United States Marshal and Lieutenant- 
Colonel of the State Militia, and, in Illinois, 
became Brigadier-General of Militia (1845-48). 
lie was appointed Colonel of the Ninth Illinois in 
April, 1861, and served through the war. being 
promoted Brigadier-General in September, 1861. 
Tlie first duty performed by his regiment, after 
this date, was the occupation of Paducah, Ky., 
where he was in command. Later, it took part 
in the capture of Forts Henry and DoneLson, 
the battles of Shiloh, New Madrid and Corinth, 
and also in the various engagements in Northern 
Georgia and in the "march to the sea." From 
November, 1862, to May, 1864, General Paine was 
guarding railroad lines in Central Tennessee, 
and, during a part of 1864. in command of tlie 
Western District of Kentucky. He resigned, 
April a, 1865, and died in Jersey City, Dec. 16, 



412 



HISTOEICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



1883. A sturdy Union man, he performed liis 
duty as a soldier with great zeal and efficiency. 

PALATINE, a village of Cook County, on the 
Wisconsin Division of the Chicago & Northwest- 
ern Railroad, 26 miles northwest from Chicago. 
There are flour and planing mills here ; dairying 
and farming are leading industries of the sur- 
rounding country. Population (1880), 731; (1890), 
891; (1!M)0), 1,030. 

PALESTINE, a town in Crawford County, about 
2 miles from the Wabash River, 7 miles east of 
Robinson, and 35 miles .southwest of Terre Haute, 
on the Illinois Central Railway ; has five churches, 
a graded school, a bank, weekly newspaper, flour 
mill, cold storage plant, canning factory, garment 
factory, and municipal light and power plant. 
Pop. (1890), 732; (1900), 979. 

PALMER, Frank W., journalist, ex-Congress- 
man and Public Printer, was born at JIanchester, 
Dearborn County, Ind., Oct. 11, 1827; learned the 
printer's trade at Jamestown, N. Y., afterwards 
edited "The Jamesto\vn Journal," and served 
two terms in the New York Legislature ; in 1808 
removed to Dubuque, Iowa, and edited "The 
Dubuque Times." was elected to Congress in 1860, 
and again in 1868 and 1872, meanwhile having 
purchased "The Des Moines Register," which he 
edited for several years. In 1873 he removed to 
Chicago and became editor of "The Inter Ocean," 
remaining two years; in 1877 waj appointed Post- 
master of the city of Chicago, serving eight years. 
Shortly after the accession of President Harrison, 
in 1889, he was appointed Public Printer, continu- 
ing in office until the accession of President Cleve- 
land in 1893, when he returned to newspaper work, 
but resumed his old place at the head of the 
Government Printing Bureau after the inaugura- 
tion of President JIcKinley in 1897. 

PALMER, John McAuley, lawyer, soldier and 
United States Senator, was born in Scott Countj', 
Ky., Sept. 13, 1817; removed with his father to 
Madison County, 111., in 1831, and, four years 
later, entered Shurtleff College, at Upper Alton, 
as a student ; later taught and studied law, being 
admitted to the bar in 1839. In 1843 he was 
elected Probate Judge of JIacoupin County, also 
served in the State Constitutional Convention of 
1847 ; after discharging the duties of Probate and 
County Judge, was elected to the State Senate, to 
fill a vacancy, in 1852, and re-elected in 1854, as 
an Anti-Nebraska Democrat, casting his vote for 
Lyman Trumbull for United States Senator in 
1855, but resigned his seat in 1856 ; was President 
of the first Republican State Convention, held at 
Bloomington in the latter year, and appointed a 



delegate to the National Convention at Philadel- 
phia ; was an unsuccessful candidate for Congress 
in 1859, and chosen a Presidential Elector on t!ie 
Republican ticket in 1860; served as a member of 
the National Peace Conference of 1861 ; entered 
tlie army as Colonel of the Fourteenth Regiment 
Illinois Volunteer Infantry ; was promoted Briga- 
dier General, in November, 1861, taking part in 
the campaign in Tennessee up to Chickamauga, 
as.suming the command of the Fourteenth Army 
Corps with the rank of Major-General, but was 
relieved at his own request before Atlanta. In 
1865 he was assigned, by President Lincoln, to 
command of the Military Department of Ken- 
tucky, but, in September, 1866, retired from the 
service, and, in 1867, became a citizen of Spring- 
field. The following year he was elected Gov- 
ernor, as a Republican, but, in 1872, supported 
Horace Greeley for President, and has since co- 
operated with the Democratic party. He was 
three times the unsuccessful candidate of his 
party for United States Senator, and was their 
nominee for Governor in 1888, but defeated. In 
1890 he was nominated for United States Senator 
by the Democratic State Convention and elected 
in joint session of the Legislature, March 11, 1891, 
receiving on the 154th ballot 101 Democratic and 
two Farmers" Mutual Alliance votes. He became 
an important factor in the campaign of 1896 as 
candidate of the "Sound Money" Democracy for 
President, although receiving no electoral votes, 
proving his devotion to principle. His last years 
were occupied in preparation of a volume of 
personal recollections, which was completed, 
under the title of "The Story of an Earnest Life,'' 
a few weeks before his death, which occurred at 
his home in Springfield, September 35, 1900. 

P.\LMER, Potter, merchant and capitalist, 
was born in Albany County, N. Y., in 1825; 
received an English education and became a 
junior clerk in a country store at Durham, 
Greene County, in that State, three years later 
being placed in charge of the business, and finally 
engaging in business on his own account. Com- 
ing to Chicago in 1852, he embarked in the dry- 
goods bvisiness on Lake Street, establishing the 
house which afterwards became Field, Leiter & 
Co. (now Marshall Field & Co.), from which here- 
tired, in 1865, with the basis of an ample fortune, 
which has since been immensely increased by 
fortunate operations in real estate. Mr. Palmer 
was Second Vice-President of the first Board of 
Local Directors of the World's Columliian Expo- 
sition in 1891. — Mrs, Bertha M. Honore (Palmer). 
wife of the preceding, is the daughter of H. H. 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



413 



Honore. formerly a prominent real-estate owner 
and operator of Chicago. She is a native of 
Louisville, Ky., where her girlhood was chiefly 
spent, though she was educated at a convent near 
Baltimore, Md. Later she came with her family 
to Chicago, and. in 1870, was married to Potter 
Palmer. Mrs. Pahuer has been a recognized 
leader in many social and benevolent movements, 
but won the highest praise by her ability and 
administrative skill, exhibited as President of the 
Board of Lady Managers of the World's Colum- 
bian Exposition of 1893. 

PALMYRA, a village of Macoupin County, on 
the Springfield Division of the St. Louis, Chicago 
& St. Paul Railway, 33 miles southwest from 
Springfield ; has some local manufactories, a bank 
anil a newspaper. Population (1900), 813. 

P.iX.A, an important railway center and prin- 
cipal city of Christian County, situated in the 
southeastern part of the County, and at the inter- 
secting point of the Baltimore & Ohio Southwest- 
ern, the Illinois Central and the Cleveland, 
Cincinnati, Chicago & St. Louis Railroads, 35 
miles south bj' west from Decatur, and 42 miles 
southeast of Springfield. It is an important ship- 
ping-point for grain and has two elevators. Its 
mechanical establishments include two flouring 
mills, a foundry, two machine shoi)S and two 
planing mills. The surrounding region is rich in 
coal, which is extensively mined. Pana has 
banks, several churches, graded schools, and 
three papers issuing daily and weekly editions. 
Population (1890), 5,077; {1900). .5,.'530. 

PA\A, SPKINUFIELD A NORTHWESTERN 
RAILROAD. (See Baltimore & Ohio South- 
irentern Railroad.) 

PARIS, a handsome and flourishing city, the 
county-seiit of Edgar County. It is an important 
railway center, situated on the "Big Four" and 
the Vandalia Line, 160 miles south of Chicago, 
and 170 miles ea.st-northeast of St. Louis; is in 
the heart of a wealthy and populous agricidtural 
region, and has a prosjierous traile. Its industries 
include foundries, three elevators, flour, saw and 
planing mills, glass, broom, and corn product 
factories. The city ha-s three banks, three daily 
and four weekly newspapers, a court house, ten 
churches, and graded schools. Pop. (1890), 4,996; 
(1900), 6,10.5. 

PARIS & DECATUR RAILROAD. (See Tcrre 
Haute A- I'i'oria Ho it mud ) 

PARIS & TERRE HAITE RAILROAD. (See 
Terre Haute A- Peoria Railroad.) 

PARKS, (iarion D. A., lawyer, was born at 
Bristol, Ontario County, N. Y., Sept. 17, 1817; 



went to Xew York City in 1838, where he com- 
pleted his legal studies and was admitted to the 
bar, removing to Lockport, 111., in 1842. Here 
he successively edited a paper, served as Master 
in Chancery and in an engineering corps on the 
Illinois & Michigan Canal; was elected County 
Judge in 1849, removed to Joliet, and, for a time, 
acted as an attorney of the Chicago & Rock 
Island, the Michigan Central and the Chicago 
& Alton Railroads; was also a Trustee of the 
Institution for the Deaf and Dumb at Jackson- 
ville; was elected Representative in 18.52, became 
a Republican and served on the first Republican 
State Central Committee (1856); the same year 
veas elected to the State Senate, and was a 
Commissioner of the State Penitentiary in 1864. 
In 1872 Mr. Parks joined in the Liberal-Repub- 
lican movement, was defeated for Congress, and 
afterwards acted with the Democratic party. 
Died, Dec. 28, 1895. 

PARKS, LaiTSon A., journalist, was born at 
Mecklenburg, N. C, April 15, 1813; learned the 
printing trade at Charlotte, in that State ; came 
to St. Louis in 1833, and, in 1836, assisted in estab- 
lishing "The Alton Telegraph," but sold his 
interest a few years later. Then, having offi- 
ciated as pastor of Presbj'terian churches for some 
years, in 1854 he again became associated with 
"The Telegraph," acting as its editor. Died at 
Alton. March ;!1, 1875. 

PARK RIDUE, a suburban village on the Wis- 
consin Division of the Chicago & Nortliwestern 
Railroad, 13 miles northwest of Chicago. Popu- 
lation (1880), 457; (1890), 987; (1900), 1,340. 

PARTRIDGE, Charles Addison, journalist and 
Assistant Adjutant-General of the Grand Array 
of the Republic, was born in AVestford, Chittenden 
County, Vt., Dec. 8, 1843; came with his parents 
to Lake Count}-, 111., in 1844, and spent his boy- 
hood on a farm, receiving his education in the 
district school, with four terms in a high school 
at Burlington, Wis. At 16 he taught a winter 
district school near his boyhood home, and at 18 
enlisted in what became Company C of the 
Ninety-sixth Regiment Illinois Volunteers, being 
mustered into the service as Eighth Corporal at 
Rockford. His regiment becoming attached to 
the Army of the Cumberland, he participated 
with it in the battles of Chickamauga and the 
Atlanta campaign, as well as those of Franklin 
and Nashville, and has taken a just pride in the 
fact that he never fell out on the march, took 
medicine from a doctor or was absent from his 
regiment during its term of service, except for 
four months while recovering from a gun-shot 



414 



UISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



wound received a>, Chickamauga. He was pro- 
moted successively to Sergeant, Sergeant-Major, 
and commissioned Second Lieutenant of his old 
company, of which his faiher was First Lieuten- 
ant for six months and until forced to resign on 
account of impaired health. Receiving his final 
discharge, June 28, 1865, he returned to the farm, 
"where he remained until 1869, in the meantime 
being married to Miss Jennie E. Earle, in 1866, 
and teaching school one winter. In 1869 he was 
elected County Treasurer of Lake County on the 
Republican ticket, and re-elected in 1871 ; in 
January of the latter year, purchased an interest 
in "The Waukegan Gazette," with which he 
remained associated some fifteen years, at first as 
the partner of Rev. A. K. Fox, and later of his 
younger brother, H. E. Partridge. In 1877 he 
was appointed, by President Hayes, Postmaster 
at Waukegan, serving four years; in 1886 was 
elected to the Legislature, serving (by successive 
elections) as Representative in the Thirty-fifth, 
Thirty-sixth and Thirty -seventh General Assem- 
blies, being frequently called upon to occupy the 
Speaker's chair, and, especially during the long 
Senatorial contest of 1891, being recognized as a 
leader of the Republican minority. In 1888 he 
was called to the service of the Republican State 
Central Committee (of which he had previously 
been a member), as assistant to the veteran Secre- 
tary, the late Daniel Shepard, remaining until 
the death of his chief, when he succeeded to the 
secretaryship. During the Presidential campaign 
of 1892 he was associated with the late William 
J. Campbell, then the Illinois member of the 
Republican National Committee, and was en- 
trusted by him with man}- important and confi- 
dential missions. Without solicitation on his 
part, in 1894 he was again called to assume the 
secretaryship of the Republican State Central 
Committee, and bore a conspicuous and influ- 
ential part in winning the brilliant success 
achieved by the party in the campaign of that 
year. From 1893 to 1895 he served as Mayor of 
Waukegan; in 1896 became Assistant Adjutant- 
General of the Grand Army of the Republic for 
the Department of Illinois — a position which he 
held in 1S89 under Commander James S. Martin, 
and to which he has been re-appointed b}- succes- 
sive Department Commanders up to the present 
time. Mr. Partridge's service in the various 
public positions held by him, has given him an 
acquaintance extending to every county in the 
State. 

PATOKA, a village of Marion County, on the 
Western branch of the Illinois Central Railway, 



15 miles south of Vandalia. There are flour and 
saw mills here ; the surrounding country is agri- 
cultiu-al. Population (1890), CiOi; (1900), 040. 

PATTERSON, Robert Wilson, 1).D., LL.D., 
clergyman, was born in Blount County, Tenn., 
Jan. 21, 1814; came to Bond County, 111., with 
his parents in 1822, his father dying two years 
later ; at IS liad had only nine months' schooling, 
but graduated at Illinois College in 1837 ; spent a 
year at Lane Theological Seminary, another as 
tutor in Illinois College, and then, after two years 
more at Lane Seminary and preaching in Chicago 
and at Monroe, Mich., in 1842 established the 
Second Presbyterian Church of Chicago, of which 
he remained the pastor over thirty years. In 
1850 he received a call to the chair of Didactic 
Theology at Lane Seminary, as successor to Dr. 
Lyman Beecher, but it was declined, as was a 
similar call ten years later. Resigning his pastor- 
ship in 1873, he was. for several years. Professor of 
Christian Evidences and Ethics in the Theological 
Seminary of the Northwest ; in 1876-78 served as 
President of Lake Forest University (of which he 
was one of the founders), and, in 1880-83, as 
lecturer in Lane Theological Seminary. He 
received the degree of D.D. from Hamilton Col- 
lege, N. Y., in 1854, that of LL.D. from Lake 
Forest University, and was Moderator of the 
Presbyterian General Assembly (X. S.)at Wil- 
mington, Del., in 1859. Died, at Evanston, 111., 
Feb. 24, 1894. 

PAVEY, Charles W., soldier and ex-State 
Auditor, was born in Highland County, Oluo, 
Nov. 8, 1835 ; removed to Illinois in 1859, settling 
in the vicinity of Mount Vernon, and, for a time, 
followed the occupation of a farmer and stock- 
raiser. In August, 1862, he enlisted in the Eighti- 
eth Illinois Volunteers for the Civil War, and 
became First Lieutenant of Company E. He was 
severelv wounded at the battle of Sand Mountain 
and, having been captured, was confined in Libby 
Prison, at Salisbury, N. C, and at Danville, 
Va., for a period of nearly two years, enduring 
great hardship and suffering. Having been 
exchanged, he served to the close of the war as 
Assistant Inspector-General on the Staff of Gen- 
eral Rousseau, in Tennessee. He was a delegate 
to the Republican National Convention of 1880, 
which nominated General Garfield for the Presi- 
dency, and was one of the famous "306" who 
stood by General Grant in that struggle. In 1882 
he was appointed by President Arthur Collector 
of Internal Revenue for the Southern District, 
and, in 1888, was nominated and elected State 
Auditor on the Republican ticket, but was de- 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



415 



feated for re-election in tlio "land-slide" of 1892. 
General Pavey luis been prominent in "G. A. R. " 
councils, and held the position of Junior Vice- 
Commander for the Department of Illinois in 

1878, and that of Senior Vice-Commander in 

1879. He also served as Brigadier-General of the 
National Guard, for Southern Illinois, during the 
railroad strike of 1877. In 1897 he received from 
President McKinley the appointment of Special 
Agent of the Treasury Department. His home 
is at Mount Vernon. Jelferson County. 

PAWNEE, a village of Sangamon County, at 
the eastern terminus of the Aulmrn it Pawnee 
Railroad, 10 miles south of .Springfield. The town 
has a bank and a weekly paper. Population (1900), 
595; (1903, est.), 1,000. 

PAW>'EE RAILROAD, a short line in Sanga- 
mon County, extending from Pawnee to .\uburn 
(9 miles), where it forms a junction with tlie 
Chicago & Alton Railroad. The company was 
organized and procured a charter in December, 
1888, and the road completed the following j-ear. 
The cost was ?101,77-1. Capital stock authorized, 
$100,000; funded debt (1895), $50,000. 

PAW PAW, a village of Lee County, at the 
junction of two branches of the Chicago, Bur- 
lington A- Quinry Railway, 8 miles northwest of 
Earlville. The town is in a farming region, but 
has a bank and one weekly paper. Population 
(1890), liX>: (1900), 765. 

PAXTOX, the county-seat of Ford County, is 
situated at the intersection of the Chicago Divi- 
sion of the Illinois Central and the Lake Erie & 
Western R^iilroads, 103 miles south by west from 
Chicago, and 49 miles east of Bloomington. It 
contains a court house, two schools, water-works, 
electric light and water-heating system, two 
banks, nine churclies, and one daily newspaper. 
It is an important slii])ping-point for the farm 
products of the surrounding territory, which is a 
rich agricultural region. Besides brick and tile 
works and Hour mills, factories for the manu- 
facture of carriages, buggies, hardware, cigars, 
brooms, and plows are located here. Pop. (1890), 
2,187; (1900), 3.036. 

PAYSON, a village" in Adams County, 15 miles 
southeast of t^uincy ; the nearest railroad station 
being Fall Creek, on the Quincy and Louisiana 
Division of the Chicago, Burlington ct (^uincy 
Railway; has one newspaper. Population (1900), 
465. 

PAYSON, Lewis IJ., lawyer and ex-Congress- 
man, was born at Providence, R. I., Sept. 17, 
1840; came to Illinois at the age of 12, and, after 
passing through the common schools, attended 



Lombard L'niversity, at Galesburg, for two years. 
He was admitted to the bar at Ottawa in 1862, 
and, in 1865, took up his residence at Pontiac. 
From 1869 to 1873 he was Judge of the Livingston 
County Court, and, from 1881 to 1891, represented 
his District in Congress, being elected as a 
Republican, but, in 1890, was defeated by his 
Democratic opponent, Herman W. Snow. Since 
retiring from Congress he ha.s practiced his pro- 
fession in Washington, 1). C. 

PEAUODY, Sellni Hobart, educator, was born 
in Rockingham County, Vt., August 20, 1829; 
after reaching 13 j-ears of age, spent a year in a 
Boston Latin School, then engaged in various 
occupations, including teaching, until 1848, when 
he entered the University of Vermont, graduat- 
ing third in his class in 1852 ; was appointed Pro- 
fessor of Mathematics and Engineering in the 
Polytechnic College at Philadelpliia, in 1854, 
remaining three years, when he spent five years 
in Wisconsin, the last three as Superintendent of 
Schools at Racine. From 1865 to 1871 he was 
teacher of physical science in Chicago High 
School, also conducting night schools for work- 
ing men ; in 1871 became Professor of Physics and 
Engineering in Massachusetts Agricultural Col- 
lege, but returned to the Chicago High School in 
1874; in 1876 took charge of the Chicago Acad- 
emy of Sciences, and, in 1878, entered the Illinois 
Industrial University (now University of Illinois), 
at Champaign, first as Profes.sor of Mechanical 
Engineering, in 1880 becoming President, but 
resigning in 1891. During the World's Colum- 
bian Exposition at Chicago, Professor Peabody 
was Chief of the Department of Liberal Arts, 
and, on the expiration of his service there, 
a.ssumed the position of Curator of the newly 
organized Chicago Academj- of Sciences, from 
wliicli he retired some two years later. 

PE.VRL, a village of Pike County, on the Kan- 
sas City branch of the Chicago & Alton Railroad, 
14 miles west of Roodhouse. Population (1890), 
928; (I'.IOO), 722. 

PEARSON, Isaac Jf ., ex-Secretary of State, was 
born at Centre ville. Pa., July 27, 1842; removed 
to Macomb, McDonough County, 111., in 1858, and 
has ever since resided there. In 1872 he was 
elected Clerk of the Circuit Court, and re-elected 
in 1876. Later he engaged in real-estate and 
banking business. He was a member of the lower 
house in the Thirty-third, and of the Senate in 
the Tliirty-fifth, General Assembly, but before the 
expiration of his term in the latter, was elected 
Secretary of State, on the Republican ticket, in 
1888. In 1892 he was a candidate for re-election, 



416 



HISTORICAL EXCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



but was defeated, although, next to Governor 
Fifer, he received the largest vote cast for any 
candidate for a political office on the Republican 
State ticket. 

PEARSON, John M., ex-Railway and Ware- 
house Commissioner, born at Newburyport, 
Mass., in 1832— the son of a ship-carpenter; was 
educated in his native State and came to Illinois 
in 1849. locating at the city of Alton, where he 
was afterwards engaged in the manufacture of 
agricultural implements. In 1873 he was ap- 
pointed a member of the first Railway and Ware- 
house Commission, serving four years; in 1878 
was elected Representative in the Thirty-first 
General Assembly from Madison County, and 
was re-elected, successively, in 1880 and "83. He 
was appointed a member of the first Board of 
Live-Stock Commissioners in 1885, serving until 
1893, for a considerable portion of the time as 
President of the Board. Jlr. Pearson is a life- 
long Republican and prominent member of the 
]\Iasonic fraternity. His present home is at 
Godfrey. 

PEARSONS, Daniel K., M.D., real-estate oper- 
ator and capitalist, was born at Bradfordton, Vt. , 
April 14, 1820 ; began teaching at 16 years of age, 
and, at 21, entered Dartmouth College, taking a 
two years' course. He then studied medicine, 
and, after practicing a short time in his native 
State, removed to Chicopee, Mass., where he 
remained from 1843 to 1857. The latter year he 
came to Ogle County, 111., and began operating 
in real estate, finally adding to this a loan busi- 
ness for Eastern parties, but discontinued this 
line in 1877. He owns extensive tracts of timber 
lands in Michigan, is a Director in the Chicago 
City Railway Company and American Exchange 
Bank, besides being interested in other financial 
institutions. He has been one of the most liberal 
supporters of the Chicago Historical Society, and 
a princely contributor to various benevolent and 
educational institutions, his gifts to colleges, in 
different parts of the country, aggregating over a 
million dollars. 

PECATOMCA, a town in Pecatonica Township, 
Winnebago County, on the Pecatonica River. It 
is on the Chicago & Nortliwestern Railway, mid- 
way beween Freeport and Rockford, being 14 
miles from each. It contains a carriage factory, 
machine shop, condensed milk factory, a bank, 
six churches, a graded school, and a weekly news- 
paper. Pop. (1890), 1,059; (1900), 1,045. 

PECATONICA RITER, a stream formed by the 
confluence of two branches, both of wliich rise 
in Iowa County, Wis. They unite a little north 



of the Illinois State line, whence the river runs 
southeast to Freeport, then east and northeast, 
until it enters Rock River at Rockton. From the 
headwaters of either branch to the mouth of the 
river is about 50 miles. 

PECK, Ebenezer, early lawyer, was born in 
Portland, Maine, May 22, 1805; received an aca- 
demical education, studied law and was admitted 
to the bar in Canada in 1827. He was twice 
elected to the Provincial Parliament and made 
King's Counsel in 1833; came to Illinois in 1835, 
settling in Chicago; served in the State Senate 
(1838-40), and in the House (1840-42 and 1858-60); 
was also Clerk of the Supreme Court (1841-45), 
Reporter of Supreme Court decisions (1849-63), 
and member of the Constitutional Convention of 
1869-70. Mr. Peck was an intimate personal 
friend of Abraham Lincoln, by wliom he was 
appointed a member of the Court of Claims, at 
Washington, serving until 1875. Died, May 25, 
1881. 

PECK, Ferdinand Wythe, lawyer and finan- 
cier, was born in Chicago, July 15, 1848 — the son 
of Philip F. W. Peck, a pioneer and early mer- 
chant of the metropolis of Illinois ; was educated 
in the public schools, the Chicago University 
and Union College of Law, graduating from 
both of the last named institutions, and being 
admitted to the bar in 1869. For a time he 
engaged in practice, but his father having died in 
1871, the responsibility of caring for a large 
estate devolved upon him and has since occupied 
his time, though he has given much attention to 
the amelioration of the condition of the poor of 
his native city, and works of practical benevo- 
lence and public interest. He is one of the 
founders of the Illinois Humane Society, has been 
President and a member of the Board of Control 
of the Chicago Athenaeum, member of the Board 
of Education, President of the Chicago Union 
League, and was an influential factor in securing 
the success of the World's Columbian Exposition 
at Chicago, in 1893, serving as First Vice-Presi- 
dent of the Chicago Board of Directors, Chair- 
man of the Finance Committee, and member of 
the Board of Reference and Control. Of late 
j-ears, Jlr. Peck has been connected with several 
important building enterprises of a semi-public 
character, which have added to the reputation of 
Chicago, including the Auditorium, Stock Ex- 
change Building and others in which he is a 
leading stockholder, and in the erection of which 
he has been a chief promoter. In 1898 he was 
appointed, by President McKinley, the L^nited 
States Commissioner to the International Expo- 



HISTOraCAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



■ 417 



sition at Paris of 1900, as successor to the late 
JIaj. il. P. Hatiily, and the success which has 
followed his discharge of tlie duties of that 
pt)sition, has demonstrated the fitness of his 
selection. 

PECK, George H., railway attorney, born in 
Steuben County, N. Y., in 1843; was early taken 
to Wisconsin, wliere he assisted in clearing* his 
father's farm: at 16 became a country school- 
teacher to aid iu freeing the s;imo farm from 
debt; enlisted at 19 iu the First Wisconsin Heavy 
Artillery, later becoming a Captain in the Thirty- 
first Wisconsin Infantry, with which lie joined iu 
"Sherman's March to the Sea." Returning home 
at the close of the war, he began the study of 
law at Janesville, spending six j-ears there as a 
student. Clerk of the Circuit Court and in prac- 
tice. From there he went to Kansas and. between 
1871 and '74. practiced his profession at Independ- 
ence, when he was appointed bj' President Grant 
United States District Attorney for the Kansas 
District, but resigned this position, in 1879, to 
return to general practice. In 1881 he became 
General Solicitor of the Atchison, Topeka & 
Santa Fe Railroad, removing to Chicago in 
1893. In 189.5 he resigned his position with the 
Atcliison, Topeka & Santa Fe Railroad to accept 
a similar position with the Chicago, Milwaukee 
& St. Paul Railway Company, which (1898) he 
still holds. Mr. Peck is recognized as one of the 
most gifted orators in the West, and, in 1897, was 
chosen to deliver the principal address at the un- 
veiling of the Logan equestrian statue in Lake 
Front Park, Chicago; has al.so officiated as orator 
on a number of other important public occasions, 
always acquitting himself with distinction. 

PECK, John Mason, D.D., clergyman and edu- 
cator, w;is born iu Litchfield. Conn., Oct. 31, 1789; 
removed to (ireeue County, N. Y., in 1811, where 
he united with the Baptist Church, the same 
year entering on pastoral work, while prosecuting 
his studies and supporting himself by teaching. 
In 1814 he became pastor of a church at Ameiiiu, 
N. Y., and, in 1817, was sent west as a mission- 
ary, arriving in St. Louis in the latter part of the 
same year. During the next nine years he trav- 
eled extensively through Missouri and Illinois, as 
an itinerant preacher and teacher, finally locating 
at Rock Spring, St. Clair County, where, in 1826, 
he establisheil the Rock Spring Seminary for the 
education of teachers and ministers. Out of this 
grew Shurtleff College, founded at UpjKjr Alton 
in 183.5. in securing the endowment of whidi Dr. 
Peck traveled many thoiLsands of miles and col- 
lected $20,000, and of which he served as Trustee 



for many yeiirs. Up to 1843 he devoted much 
time to aiding in the establishment of a theolog- 
ical institution at Covington, Kj-., and. for two 
years following, was Corresponding Secretary and 
Financial Agent of the American Bairtist Publi- 
cation Society, with headquarters iu Philadelphia. 
Returning to the West, he served as pastor of sev- 
eral important churches in Missouri, Illinois and 
Kentucky. A man of indomitable will, unflag- 
ging industry and thoroughly upright in conduct, 
for a period of a quarter of a century, in the early 
liistorj' of the State, probably no man exerted a 
larger influence for good and the advancement 
of the cause of education, among the pioneer citi- 
zens of all classes, than Dr. Peck. Though giving 
his attention so constantly to preaching and 
teaching, he found time to write much, not only 
for the various publications with which he was, 
from time to time, connected, but also for other 
periodicals, besides publishing "A Guide for Emi- 
grants" (1831), of which a new edition appeared 
in 1836, and a "Gazetteer of Illinois" (Jackson- 
ville, 1834, and Boston, 1837), which continue to 
be valued for the information they contain of the 
condition of the covintry at that time. He was 
an industrious collector of historical records in 
the form of newspapers and pamphlets, wliich 
were unfortunately destroyed by fire a few years 
before his death. In 1852 he received the degree 
of D.D. from Harvard Universit}'. Died, at Rock 
Spring. St. Clair County, March 15, 1858. 

PECK, Philip F. W',, pioneer merchant, was 
born in Providence, R. I., in 1809, the son of a 
wholesale merchant who had lost his fortune by 
indorsing for a friend. After some years spent 
in a mercantile house in Xew York, lie came to 
Chicago on a prospecting tour, in 1830; the fol- 
lowing year brought a stock of goods to the 
embrj-o emporium of the Northwest — then a small 
backwoods liamlet — and, by trade and fortunate 
investments in real estate, laid the foundation of 
what afterwards became a large fortune. Ha 
died. Oct. 23. 1871, as the result of an accident 
occurring about the time of the great fire of two 
weeks previous, from which he was a heavy 
sufferer pecuniarily. Three of his sons, Walter L., 
Clarence I. and Ferdinand W. Peck, are among 
Chicago's most substantial citizens. 

PEKI\, a flourishing city, the coanty-seat of 
Tazewell County, and an important railway cen- 
ter, located on the Illinois River, 10 miles south 
of Peoria and .56 miles north of Springfield. 
Agriculture and coal-mining are the chief occu- 
pations in the surA)unding country, but the city 
itself is an important grain market with large 



418 



IIISTOKICAL EXCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLIXOIS. 



general shipping interests. It has several dis- 
tilleries, besides grain elevators, malt-houses, 
brick and tile works, lumber yards, planing mills, 
marble works, plow and wagon works, and a 
factory for corn products. Its banking facilities 
are adequate, and its religious and educational 
advantages are excellent. The city has a public 
library, park, .steam-lieating plant, three daily 
and four weekly papers. Pop. (1890), 0,347; (19UU), 
8,420. 

PEKIN, LINCOLN & DECATUR RAILROAD. 
(See Peoria, Deciitur & EransriUc Haihcay.) 

PELL, (Gilbert T., Representative in the Third 
Illinois General Assembly (1822) from Edwards 
County, and an opponent of the resolution for a 
State Convention adopted by the Legislature at 
that session, designed to open the door for the 
admission of slavery. Mr. Pell was a son-in-law 
of Morris Birkbeck, who was one of the leaders 
in opposition to the Convention scheme, and very 
naturally sympathized with his father-in-law. 
He was elected to the Legislature, for a second 
term, in 1828, but subsequently left the State, 
dying elsewhere, when his widow removed to 
Australia. 

PENNSYLVANIA RAILROAD. As to oper- 
ations of this corporation in Illinois, see Calumet 
River; Pittsburg, Fort Wayne & Chicago; South 
Chicago & Southern, and Pittsburg, Cincinnati, 
Chicago & St. Louis Railways. The whole num- 
ber of miles owned, leased and operated by the 
Pennsylvania System, in 1898, was 1,987.31, of 
which only 61.34 miles were in Illinois. It owns, 
however, a controlling interest in the stock of 
the Toledo, Peoria & Western Railway (which 
see). 

PEORIA, the second largest city of the State 
and the county-seat of Peoria County, is 160 miles 
southwest of Chicago, and at the foot of an expan- 
sion of the Illinois River known as Peoria Lake. 
The site of the town occupies an elevated plateau, 
having a water frontage of four miles and extend- 
ing back to a bluff, which rises 230 feet above the 
river level and about 120 feet above the highest 
point of the main site. It was settled in 1778 or 
'79, although, as generally believed, the French 
missionaries had a station there in 1711. There 
was certainly a settlement there as early as 172."j, 
when Renault received a grant of lands at Pimi- 
teoui, facing tlie lake then bearing the same 
name as the village. From that date until 1812, 
the place was continuously occupied as a French 
village, and is said to have been the most impor- 
tant point for trading in the Jlississippi Valley. 
The original village was situated about a mile and 



a half above the foot of the lake ; but later, the pres- 
ent site was occupied, at first receiving the name 
of "'La Ville de Maillet," froma French Canadian 
who resided in Peoria, from 170.5 to 1801 (the time 
of his death), and who commanded a company of 
volunteers in the Revolutionary War. The popu- 
lation of the old town removed to the new site, 
and the present name was given to the jilace by 
American settlers, from the Peoria Indians, who 
were the occupants of the country when it was 
first discovered, but who had followed their cog- 
nate tribes of the Illinois family to Cahokia and 
Kaskaskia, about a century before American 
occupation of this region. In 1812 the town is 
estimated to have contained about seventy dwell- 
ings, with a population of between 200 and 
300, made up largely of French traders, 
hunters and voyageurs, with a considerable 
admixture of half-breeds and Indians, and a few 
Americans. Among the latter were Thomas 
Forsyth, Indian Agent and confidential adviser 
of Governor Edwards; Michael La Croix, son-in- 
law of Julian Dubuque, founder of the city of 
Dubuque ; Antoine Le Claire, founder of Daven- 
port, and for whom Le Claire, Iowa, is named; 
William Arundel, afterwards Recorder of St. 
Clair County, and Isaac Darnielle, the second law- 
yer in Illinois. — In November, 1812, about half 
the town was burned, by order of Capt. Thomas 
E. Craig, who had been directed, by Governor 
Edwards, to proceed up the river in boats with 
materials to build a fort at Peoria. At the same 
time, the Governor himself was at the head of a 
force marching against Black Partridge's vil- 
lage, which he destroyed.' Edwards had no com- 
munication with Craig, who appears to have 
acted solely on his own responsibility. That the 
latter's action was utterh- unjustifiable, there can 
now be little doubt. He alleged, by way of 
excuse, that his boats had been fired upon from 
tlie shore, at night, by Indians or others, who 
were harbored by the citizens. The testimony 
of the French, however, is to the effect that it 
was an unprovoked and cowardly assault, insti- 
gated by wine which the soldiers had stolen from 
the cellars of the inhabitants. The bulk of those 
who remained after the fire were taken by Craig 
to a point below Alton and put ashore. This 
occurred in the beginning of winter, and the 
people, being left in a destitute condition, were 
subjected to great suffering. A Congressional 
investigation followed, and the French, having 
satisfactorily established the fact that they were 
not liostile, were restored to their possessions. — In 
1813 a fort, designed for permanent occupancy, 



HISTORICAL KNCYCLOFEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



419 



was erected and named Fort Clark, in lionor of 
Col. George Rogers Clark. It had one (if not 
two) blockhouses, with magazines and quarters 
for officers and men. It was fmallj' evacuated in 
1H18, and was soon afterwards burned by the 
Indians. Although a trading post had been 
maintained here, at intervals, after the affair of 
IHVi, there was no attempt made to rebuild the 
town until 1819, when Americans began to 
arrive. — In 18'.24 a post of the American Fur Com- 
pany was established here liy John IlaniHn, the 
company liaving already liad. for five years, a 
station at Wesley City, three miles farther down 
the river. Hamlin also traded in pork and other 
products, and was the first to introduce keel- 
boats on tlie Illinois River. Bj- transferring his 
cargo to lighter draft boats, when necessarj-, he 
made the trip from Peoria to Chicago entirely by 
water, going from the Des Plaines to Mud Lake, 
and thence to the South Branch of the Cliicago 
River, without unloading. In 18;i4 the town Iiad 
but seven frame houses and twenty-one log 
cabins. It was incorporated as a town in 1835 
(Rudolphus Rouse being the first President), and, 
as the City of Peoria, ten years later (Wm. Hale 
being the first Jlajor). — Peoria is an important 
railway and business center, eleven railroad lines 
concentrating here. It presents many attractive 
features, such as handsome residences, tine views 
of river, blulT and valley scenery, with an elab- 
orate .system of parks and drives. An excellent 
school system is liberally supported, and its public 
buildings (national, county and city) are fine and 
costly. Its churches are elegant and well 
attended, the leading denominations being 
Methodist Episcopal, Congregational, Presby- 
terian. Bapti.st, Protestant and Reformed Episco- 
pal, Lutheran, Evangelical and Roman Catholic. 
It is the .seat of Bradley Polytechnic Institute, a 
young an<l nourishing scientific school affiliated 
with the Universit}- of Chicago, and richlj- en- 
dowed through the munificence of Mrs. Lydia 
Bradley, who devotes her whole estate, of at 
least a million dollai"s, to this object. Right Rev. 
John L. iSpaulding, Bishop of tlve Roman Catho- 
lic diocese of Peoria, is erecting a handsome and 
costly building for the Spaulding Institute, a 
school for the higher education of young men. — 
At Bartonville. a suburb of Peoria, on an eleva- 
tion commanding a magnificent view of the Illi- 
nois River valley for many miles, the State ha.s 
located an asylum for the incurable insane. It is 
now in process of erection, and is intended to be 
one of the most complete of its kind in the world. 
Peoria lies in a corn and coal region, is noted for 



the number and extent of its distilleries, and, in 
1890, ranked eighth among the grain markets of 
the country. It also has an extensive commerce 
with Chicago, St. Louis and other important 
cities; was credited, by the census of 1890, with 
H'li manufacturing establishments, representing 
90 different branches of industry, with a capital 
of $1.5,0(2,507 and an estimated annual product of 
855,504,523. Its leading industries are the manu- 
facture of distilled and malt liciuors. agricultural 
implements, glucose and machine-shop products. 
Its contributions to the internal revenue of the 
country are second only to those of the New York 
district. Population (1870), 22,849; (1880), 29,359; 
(1890), 41, 024; (1900), .50,100. 

PEORIA COUNTY, originally a part of Fulton 
County, but cut off in 1825. It took its name 
from the Peoria Indians, who occupied that region 
when it was first discovered. As first organized, 
it included the present counties of Jo Daviess and 
Cook, with many others in the northern part of 
the State. At that time there were less than 
1,500 inhabitants in the entire region; and John 
Hamlin, a Ju.stice of the Peace, on his return 
from Green Baj' (whither he had accompanied 
William S. Hamilton, a son of Alexander Hamil- 
ton, with a drove of cattle for the fort there), 
solemnized, at Chicago, the marriage of Alex- 
ander Wolcott, then Indian Agent, with a 
daughter of John Kinzie. The original Peoria 
County has been subdivided into thirty counties, 
among them being some of the largest and rich- 
est in the State. The first county oHicer was 
Norman Hyde, who was elected Judge of the 
Probate Court by the Legislature in January, 
1825. His commission from Governor Coles was 
dated on the eighteenth of that month, but he 
did not qualify until June 4, following, when he 
took the oath of office before John Dixon, Circuit 
Clerk, who founded the city that bears his name. 
Meanwliile, Mr. Hyde had been appointed the 
first Clerk of the County Commissioners" Court, 
and served in that capacity until entering upon 
his duties as Probate Judge. The first election 
of county officers was held, March 7, 1825, at the 
house of William E.ads. Nathan Dillon, Joseph 
Smith, and William Holland were chosen Com- 
mis-sioners; Samuel Fulton Sheriff, and William 
Phillips Coroner. The first County Treasurer 
was Aaron Ilawley, and the first general election 
of officers took place in 1820. The first court 
liouse was a log cabin, and the first term of 
the Circuit Court began Nov. 14, 1825, John 
York Sawyer sitting on the bench, with John 
Dixon, Clerk; Samuel Fulton, Sheriff; and John 



420 



HISTOraCAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



Twiney, the Attorney-General, present. Peoria 
Count}' is, at present, one of the wealthiest and 
most populous counties in the State. Its soil is 
fertile and its manufactures numerous, especially 
at Peoria, the county-seat and princijial city 
(which see) . The area of the county is 615 square 
miles, and its population (1880), 55,3.53; (1890), 
70.378; (19C0). 88,(J08. 

PEORIA LAKE, an expan.sion of the Illinois 
Elver, forming the eastern boundary of Peoria 
County, which it separates from the counties of 
Woodford and Tazewell. It is about 20 miles 
long and 2'i miles broad at the widest part. 

PEORIA, ATLANTA & DECATUR RAIL- 
ROAD. (See Tcrre Haute & Peoria Railroad.) 

PEORIA, DECATUR & EVANSVILLE RAIL- 
WAY. The total length of this line, extending 
from Peoria, 111., to Evansville, Ind., is 330.87 
miles, all owned by the company, of which 273 
miles are in Illinois. It extends from Pekin, 
soutlieast to Grayville, on the Wabash River — is 
single track, unballasted, and of standard gauge. 
Between Pekin and Peoria the companj- uses the 
tracks of the Peoria & Pekin Union Railway, of 
which it is one-fourth owner. Between Hervey 
City and Midland Junction it has trackage privi 
leges over the line owned jointly by the Peoria, 
Decatur & Evansville and the Terre Haute & 
Peoria Companies (7.5 miles). Between Midland 
Junction and Decatur (2.4 miles) the tracks of 
the Illinois Central are used, the two lines having 
terminal facilities at Decatur in common. The 
rails are of fifty-two and sixty-pound steel. — 
(History.) The main line of the Peoria, Decatur 
& Evansville Railway is the result of the consoli- 
dation of several lines built under separate char- 
ters. (1) The Pekin, Lincoln & Decatur Railroad, 
chartered in 1867, built in 1869-71, and operated 
the latter year, was leased to the Toledo, Wabash 
& Western Railway, but sold to representatives 
of the bond-holders, on account of default on 
interest, in 1876, and reorganized as the Pekin, 
Lincoln & Decatur Railway. (2) The Decatur, 
Sullivan & Mattoon Railroad, (projected from 
Decatur to Mattoon), was incorporated in 1871, 
completed from Mattoon to Hervey City, in 1873, 
and, the same year, consolidated with the Chi- 
cago & Great Southern; in January, 1874, the 
Decatur line passed into the hands of a receiver, 
and, in 1877, having been sold under foreclosure, 
was reorganized as the Decatur, Mattoon & South- 
ern Railroad. In 1879 it was placed in the hands 
of trustees, but the Pekin, Lincoln & Decatur 
Railway having acquired a controlling interest 
during the same year, the two lines were con- 



solidated under the name of the Peoria, Decatur 
& Evansville Railway Company. (3) The Gray- 
ville & Mattoon Railroad, chartered in 1857, was 
consolidated in 1872 with the Mount Vernon & 
Grayville Railroad (projected), the new corpo- 
ration taking the name of the Chicago & Illinois 
Southern (already mentioned). In 1872 the latter 
corporation -was consolidated with the Decatur, 
Sullivan & Mattoon Railroad, under the name of 
the Chicago & Illinois Southern Railwaj-. Both 
consolidations, however, were set aside by decree 
of tlie United States District Court, in 1876, and 
the partially graded road and franchises of the 
Gra^-ville & Mattoon lines sold, under foreclosure, 
to the contractors for the construction ; 20 miles 
of the line from Olney to Newton, were completed 
during the month of September of that 3'ear, and 
the entire line, from Grayville to Mattoon, in 
1878. In 1880 this line was sold, under decree of 
foreclosure, to the Peoria, Decatur & Evansville 
Railway Company, which had already acquired 
the Decatur & Mattoon Division— thus placing 
the entire line, from Peoria to Gra3-ville, in the 
hands of one corporation. A line under the name 
of the Evansville & Peoria Railroad, chartered in 
Indiana in 1880, was consolidated, the same year, 
with the Illinois corporation under the name of 
the latter, and completed from Grayville to 
Evansville in 1882. (4) The Chicago & Ohio 
River Railroad — chartered, in 1869, as the Dan- 
ville, Olnej' & Ohio River Railroad — was con- 
structed, as a narrow-gauge line, from Kansas to 
West Liberty, in 1878-81 ; in the latter year was 
changed to standard gauge and completed, in 
1883, from Sidell to Ohiey (86 miles). The same 
year it went into the hands of a receiver, was sold 
under foreclosure, in February, 1886, and reorgan- 
ized, in Maj- following, as the Chicago & Ohio 
River Railroad ; was consolidated with the Peoria, 
Decatur & Evansville Railway, in 1893, and used 
as the Chicago Division of tliat line. The property 
and franchises of the entire line passed into the 
hands of receivers in 1894, and are still (1898) 
under their management. 

PEORIA, PEKIN & JACKSONVILLE RAIL- 
ROAD. (See Chicago, Peoria & St. Louis Rail- 
road of Illinois.) 

PEORIA & BUREAU VALLEY RAILROAD, a 
short line, 46.7 miles in length, operated by the 
Chicago, Rock Island & Pacific Railway Com- 
pany, extending from Peoria to Bureau Junction, 
111. It was incorporated, Feb. 12, 1853, com- 
pleted the following year, and leased to the Rock 
Island in perpetuity, April 14, 1854, the annual 
rental being $135,000. The par value of the 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



421 



capital stock is $1,500,000. Annual dividends of 
8 per cent are guaranteed, pajable semi-annu- 
ally. (See Chicago, Rock Island t& Pacific 
HoHiray. ) 

PEOIUA A: K.VSTEKX RAILK<»AI>. Of this 
line the Cleveland. Cincinnati, Cliioago & St. 
Louis Railroad Company is the lessee. Its total 
length is 350>; miles, 132 of which lie in Illinois 
— 123 being owned by tlie Company. Tliat por- 
tion within this State extends east from Pekin to 
the Indiana .State line, in addition to which tlie 
Company has traclvage facilities over the line of 
tlie Peoria & Pekin Union Railway (9 miles) to 
Peoria. The gauge is standard. The track is 
single, laid with sixty and sixty-seven-pound 
steel rails and ballasted almost wholly with 
gravel. The capital stock is SIO.OOO.OOO. In 189.') 
it had a bonded debt of 813,003,000 and a floating 
debt of §1,201,130, making a total capitalization 
of §24,864,130.— (HlSTOUY.) The original of this 
corporation was the Danville, Urbana, Blooming- 
ton & Pekin Railroad, which was consolidated, 
in July. 1809, witli the Indianapolis, Crawfords- 
ville & Danville Railroad — the new corporation 
taking tlie name of the Indianapolis, Blmiming- 
ton & Western — and was ojiened to Pekin the 
same j'ear. In 1874 it passed into the hands of a 
receiver, was sold under foreclosure in 1879, and 
reorganized as the Indiana, Bloomington & 
Western Railway Company. The next change 
occurred in 1881, when it was consolidated with 
an Ohio corporation (the Ohio, Indiana & Pacific 
Railroad), again undergoing a sUglit cliange of 
name in its reorganization as the Indiana, Bloom- 
ington & Western Railroad Company. In 1886 
it again got into linancial straits, was placed in 
charge of a receiver and sold to a reorganization 
committee, and, in January, 1887, took the name 
of the Ohio. Indiana & Western Railway Com- 
pany. The final reorganization, under its present 
name, took place in February, 1890. when it was 
leased to the Cleveland, Cincinnati, Chicago & 
St. Louis Railway, by which it is operated. 
(See Cleveland, Cincinnati, Chicago <t St. Louis 
Railifay.) 

PEORIA & HANMBAL RAILROAD. (See 
Chicago. Burlington & Quiney Railroad.) 

PEORIA & OQUAWKA RAILROAD. (See 
Chicago, Burlington &■ Quincij Railroad.) 

PEORIA & PEKI\ rXIOX RAILWAY, A line 
connecting the cities of Peoria and Pekin, which 
are only 8 miles apart. It was chartered in 1880, 
and acquired, by purchase, the tracks of the Peoria, 
Pekin & Jacksonville and the Peoria & Spring- 
field Railroads, between the two cities named in 



its title, giving it control of two lines, which are 
used bj' nearly all the railroads entering both 
cities from the east side of the Illinois River. The 
mileage, including both divisions, is 18.14 miles, 
second tracks and sidings increasing the total to 
nearly 00 miles. The track is of standard gauge, 
about two-thirds being laid with steel rails. The 
total cost of construction was §4,350,987. Its 
total capitalization (1898) was §4,177,763, includ- 
ing §1,000,000 in stock, and a funded debt of 
§2,904,000. The capital stock is held in equal 
amounts (each 2, .500 shares) by the Wabash, the 
Peoria. Decatur & Evansville, the Chicago, 
Peoria & St. Louis and the Peoria & Kastern com- 
panies, with 1,000 shares by the Lake Erie & 
Western. Terminal charges and annual rentals 
are also paid by the Terre Haute & Peoria and 
the Iowa Central Railw.avs. 

PEORIA & SPRINGFIELD RAILROAD. (See 
Chicago, Proria c£- St. Linus Railroad of Illinois.) 

PEOTONE, a village of Will County, on the 
Illinois Central Railroad, 41 miles south -southwest 
from Chicago; has some manufactures, a bank 
and a newspaper. The surrounding country is 
agricultural. Population (1890), 717; (1900), 1,003. 

PERCY, a village of Randolph County, at the 
intersection of the Wabash, Chesiijieake & West- 
ern and the Mobile & Ohio Railways. Population 
(1890), 300; (1900), 600. 

PERROT, Mrholas, a French explorer, wno 
visited the valley of the Fox River (of Wisconsin) 
and the country around the great lakes, at various 
times between 1670 and 1690. lie was present, 
as a guide and interjireter, at the celebrated con- 
ference held at Sault Ste. Marie, in 1671, which 
was attended by fifteen Frenclimen and rejjre- 
sentatives from seventeen Indian tribes, and at 
which the Sieur de Lusson took formal possession 
of Lakes Huron and Superior, with the surround- 
ing region and "all the countrj' southward to the 
sea," in the name of Louis XIV. of France. 
Perrot was the first to discover lead in the West, 
and, for several years, was Commandant in the 
Green Bay district. As a chronicler he was 
intelligent, interesting and accurate. His writ- 
ings were not published until 1864, but have 
alwaj-s been highly prized as authority. 

PERRY, a town of Pike County; has a bank 
and a newsp.aper. Population (1880), 770; (1890), 
70.'-); (1900), 042. 

PERBY COL'MY, lies in the southwest quarter 
of the State, with an area of 440 square miles and 
a population (1900) of 19,8.30. It was organized 
as a count}' in 1827, and named for Com. Oliver 
II. Perry. The general surface is rolling. 



422 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



although flat prairies occupy a consiflerable por- 
tion, interspersed witli "post-oak flats." Limestone 
is found in the soutiiern, and sandstone in the 
northern, sections, but the chief mineral wealth 
of the county is coal, which is abundant, and, at 
several points, easily mined, some of it being of 
a .superior qualit}'. Salt is manufactured, to some 
extent, and the chief agricultural output is 
wheat. Pinckneyville, the county-seat, has a 
central position and a population of about 1,300. 
Duquoir is the largest city. Beaucoup Creek is 
the principal stream, and the county is crossed 
bj' several lines of railroad. 

PERU, a city in La Salle County, at the head 
of navigation on the Illinois River, which is here 
spanned by a handsome bridge. It is distant 100 
miles southwest from Chicago, and the same dis- 
tance north-northeast from Springfield. It is 
connected by street cars with La Salle, one mile 
distant, which is the terminus of the Illinois & 
Michigan Canal. It is situated in a rich coal- 
mining region, is an important trade center, and 
has several manufacturing establisliments, includ- 
ing zinc 'smelting works, rolling mills, nickeloid 
factory, metal novelty works, gas engine factory, 
tile works, plow, scale and patent-pump factories, 
foundries and machine shops, flour and saw mills, 
clock factory, etc. Two national banks, with a 
combined capital of §200,000, are located at Peru, 
and one daily and one weekly paper. Population 
(1870), 3,650; (1880), 4,082; (1890), 5,550, (1900), 
6,863. 

PESOTTJM, a village in Champaign County, on 
the Illinois Central Railroad, 5 miles south of 
Tolono. Population (1800), 575. 

PETERSBURG, a city of Menard County, and 
the county-seat, on the Sangamon River, at the 
intersection Chicago & Alton with the Chicago, 
Peoria & St. Louis Railway ; 23 miles northwest 
of Springfield and 28 miles northeast of Jackson- 
ville. The town was surveyed and platted by 
Abraham Lincoln in 1837, and is the seat of the 
"Old Salem" Chautauqua. It has machine shops, 
two banks, two weekly papers and nine churches. 
The manufactures include woolen goods, brick 
and drain-tile, bed-springs, mattre,sses, and 
canned goods. Pop. (1890), 2,342, (1900), 2,807. 

PETERS, Onslow, lawyer and jurist, was born 
in Massachusetts, graduated at Brown Univer- 
sity, and was admitted to the bar and practiced 
law in his native State until 1S37, when he set- 
tled at Peoria, 111. He served in the Constitu- 
tional Convention of 1847. was elected to the 
bench of the Sixteenth Judicial Circuit in 1853, 
and re-elected in 1855. Died, Feb. 28, 1856. 



PHILLIPS, David L , journalist and politician, 
was born where the town of Marion, Williamson 
County, 111., now stands, Oct. 28, 1823; came to 
St. Clair County in childhood, his father settling 
near Belleville; began teaching at an early age, 
and, when about 18, joined the Baptist Church, 
and, after a brief course with the distinguished 
Dr. Peck, at his Rock Spring Seminary, two years 
later entered the ministry, serving churches in 
Washington and other Southern Illinois counties, 
finally taking charge of a church at Jonesboro. 
Though originally a Democrat, his advanced 
views on slavery led to a disagreement with his 
church, and he withdrew ; then accepted a posi- 
tion as paymaster in the construction department 
of the Illinois Central Railroad, finally being 
transferred to that of Land Agent for the South- 
ern section, in this capacity visiting different 
parts of the State from one end of the main line 
to the other. About 1854 he became associated 
with the management of "The Jonesboro Ga- 
zette," a Democratic paper, which, during his con- 
nection with it (some two j-ears), he made an 
earnest opponent of the Kansas-Nebraska Bill. 
At the Anti-Nebraska Editorial Convention 
(which see), held at Decatur, Feb. 22, 1856, he 
was appointed a member of their State Central 
Committee, and, as such, joined in the call for the 
first Republican State Convention, held at Bloom- 
ington in May following, where he served as 
Vice-President for his District, and was nomi- 
nated for Presidential Elector on the Fremont 
ticket. Two years later (18.58) he was the 
imsuccessful Republican candidate for Congress 
in the Southern District, being defeated by John 
A. Logan; was again in the State Convention of 
1860, and a delegate to the National Convention 
which nominated Abraham Lincoln foi- President 
the first time; was appointed by Mr. Lincoln 
L'nited States JIarshal for the Southern District 
in 18G1, and re-appointed in 1865, but resigned 
after Andrew Johnson's defection in 1806. Dur- 
ing 1862 Jlr. Phillips became part proprietor of 
"The State Journal" at Springfield, retaining 
this relation until 1878, at intervals performing 
editorial service; also took a prominent part in 
organizing and equipping the One Hundred and 
Ninth Regiment Illinois Volunteers (sometimes 
called the "Plnllips Regiment"), and, in 1865, 
was one of the committee of citizens sent to 
escort the remains of President Lincoln to 
Springfield. He joined in the Liberal Republican 
movement at Cincinnati in 1872, but, in 1876, 
was in line with his former party associates, and 
served in that vear as an unsuccessful candidate 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



423 



for Congress, in the Springfield District, in oppo- 
sition to William M, Springer, early the following 
year receiving the appointment of Postmaster 
for the city of SpringKeld from President Hayes. 
Died, at Springfield, June 19, 1880. 

nilLLIPS, (ieorge S., author, was horn at 
Peterborough, Kngland, in January, 1810; gradu- 
ated at Cambridge, and came to the United 
States, engaging in journalism. In 184.5 he 
returned to England, and, for a time, was editor 
of "The Leeds Times," still later being Principal 
of the People's College at Huddersfield. Return- 
ing to the United States, he came to Cook County, 
and, about 1866-68, was a writer of sketches over 
the nom dc plume of "January Searle" for "The 
Chicago Republican" — later was literary editor 
of "The New York Sun" for several years. His 
mind becoming impaired, he was placed in an 
asylum at Trenton, N. J., finally dying at Morris- 
town, N. J., Jan. 14, 1889. Mr. Phillips was the 
author of several volumes, chiefly sketches of 
travel and biography. 

PHILLIPS, Jesse J., lawyer, soldier and 
jurist, was born in Montgomery County, 111., 
May 22, 1837. Shortly after graduating from the 
Hillsboro Academy, he read law, and was 
admitted to the bar in 1860. In 1861 he organized 
a company of volunteers, of which he was 
chosen Captain, and which was attached to the 
Ninth Illinois Infantry. Captain Phillips was 
successively advanced to the rank of Major, 
Lieutenant-Colonel and Colonel; resigned on 
account of disability, in August, 1864, but was 
brevetted Brigadier-General at the close of the 
war. His military record was exceptionally 
brilliant He was wounded three times at 
Shiloh, and was personally thanked and compli- 
mented by Generals Grant and Oglesbj' for gal- 
lantry and efficient service. At the termination 
of the struggle he returned to Hillsboro and 
engaged in practice. In 1866, and again in 1868, 
he was the Democratic candidate for State Treas- 
urer, but was both times defeated. In 1879 he 
was elected to the bench of the Fifth Judicial 
Circuit, and re-elected in 1885. In 1890 he was 
assigned to the bench of the Appellate Court of 
the Fourth District, and, in 1893, was elected a 
Justice of the Supreme Court, to fill the vacancj- 
created by the death of Justice John M. Scholfield, 
his term expiring in 1897, when he was re-elected 
to succeed himself. Judge Phillips' present term 
will expire in 1906. 

PHILLIPS, Joseph, e.irly jurist, was born in 
Tennessee, received a classical and legal edu- 
cation, and served as a Captain in the War of 



1812; in 181G was appointed Secretary of Illinois 
Territorj', serving until the admission of Illinois 
as a State, when he became the first Chief Jus- 
tice of the Supreme Court, serving until July, 
1822, when he resigned, being succeeded on the 
bench bj' John Reynolds, afterwards Governor. 
In 1822 he was a canilidate for Governor in the 
intere.st of the advocates of a pro slavery amend- 
ment of the State Constitution, but was defeated 
by Edward Coles, the leader of the anti-slavery 
party. (See Coles, Edward, and Slavery and Slave 
Laivs.) He appears from the "Edwards Papers" 
to have been in Illinois as late as 1832, but is 
said eventuallj' to have returned to Tennessee. 
The date of his deatli is iinknown. 

PI.VXKKSHAWS, THE, a branch of the Miami 
tribe of Indians. Their name, like those of their 
brethren, underwent many mutations of orthog- 
raphy, the tribe being referred to, variously, as 
the "Pou-an-ke-kiahs," the "Pi-an-gie-sliaws," 
the "Pi-an-qui-shaws," and the "Py-an-ke- 
shaws." They were less numerous than the 
Weas, their numerical strength ranking lowest 
among the bands of the Miamis. At the time La 
Salle planted his colony around Starved Rock, 
their warriors numbered l.jO. Sub.sequent to the 
dispersion of this colony they (alone of the Miamis) 
occupied portions of the present territory of Illi- 
nois, having villages on the Vermilion and 
Wabash Rivers. Their earliest inclinations 
toward the whites were friendly, the French 
traders having intermarried with women of the 
tribe soon after the advent of the first explor- 
ers. Col. George Rogers Clark experienced little 
difficulty in securing their allegiance to the new 
government which he proclaimed. In the san- 
guinary raids (usually followed by reprisals), 
which marked W'estern history during the years 
immediately succeeding the Revolution, the 
Piankeshaws took no part ; 3-et the outrages, per- 
petrated upon peaceable colonists, had so stirred 
the settlers" blood, that all Indians were included 
in the general thirst for vengeance, and each was 
unceremonioush- dispatched as soon as seen. The 
Piankeshaws appealed to Washington for protec- 
tion, and the President issued a special procla- 
mation in their behalf. After the cession of the 
liist remnant of the Miami territory to the United 
States, the tribe was remove<l to a Kansas reser- 
vation, and its last remnant finally found aliome 
in Indian Territory. (See also ^fiami)l: Weas.) 

"PI.\S.V BIRD," LE(;EM) of THE. When 
the French explorers first descended the Upi)er 
Mississippi River, they found some remarkable 
figures depicted upon the face of the bluff, just 



424 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



above the site of the present city of Alton, which 
excited their wonder and continued to attract 
interest long after the country was occupied by 
the whites. Tlie account given of the discov- 
ery by Marquette, who descended the river from 
the mouth of the Wisconsin, in June, 1673, is as 
follows: "As we coasted along"' (after passing 
the mouth of the Illinois) ''rocks frightful for 
their height and length, we saw two monsters 
painted on one of the rocks, which .startled us at 
first, and upon which tlie boldest Indian dare not 
gaze long. They are as large as a calf, with horns 
on the head like a deer, a frightful look, red 
eyes, bearded like a tiger, the face somewhat 
like a man's, the body covered with scales, and 
the tail so long that it twice makes the turn of 
the body, passing over the head and down be- 
tween the legs, ending at last in a fish's tail. 
Green, red and black are the colors employed. 
On the whole, these two monsters are so well 
painted that we could not believe any Indian to 
have been the designer, as good painters in 
France would find it hard to do as well. Besides 
this, they are painted so high upon the rook that 
it is hard to get conveniently at them to paint 
them." As the Indians could give no account of 
the origin of these figures, but had their terror 
even more excited at the sight of them than Jlar- 
quette himself, they are supposed to liave been 
the work of some prehistoric race occupying the 
country long before the arrival of the aborigines 
whom Marquette and his companions found in 
Illinois. There was a tradition that the figures 
were intended to represent a creature, part beast 
and part bird, which destroj'ed immense numbers 
of tlie inhabitants by swooping down upon them 
from its abode upon the rocks. At last a chief is 
said to have offered himself a victim for his 
people, and when the monster made its appear- 
ance, twenty of his warriors, concealed near by, 
discharged their arrows at it, killing it just 
before it reached its prey. In tliis manner the 
life of the chief was saved and his people were 
preserved from further depredations ; and it was 
to commemorate this event that the figure of the 
bird was painted on the face of the cliff on whose 
summit the chief stood. This story, told in a 
paper by Jlr. John Russell, a pioneer author of 
Illinois, obtained wide circulation in this country 
and in Europe, about the close of the first 
quarter of the present century, as the genuine 
"Legend of the Piasa Bird." It is said, however, 
that Mr. Russell, who was a popular writer of 
fiction, acknowledged that it was drawn largely 
from his imagination. Many prehistoric relics 



and human remains are said, by the late William 
McAdams. the antiquarian of Alton, to have 
been found in caves in the vicinity, and it seems 
a well authenticated fact that the Indians, when 
passing the spot, were accustomed to discharge 
their arrows — and, later, their firearms — at the 
figure on the face of the cliff. Traces of tliis 
celebrated pictograph were visible as late as 1840 
to 184.5, but have since been entirely quarried 
awa}'. 

PIATT COUXTY, organized in 1841, consist- 
ing of parts of Macon and Dewitt Counties. Its 
area is 440 square miles; population (1900), 17,706. 
Tlie first Commissioners were John Hughes, W. 
Bailey and E. Peck. John Piatt, after whose 
family the county was named, was the first 
Sheriff. The North Fork of the Sangamon River 
fiows centrally tlirougli the county from north- 
east to southwest, and several lines of railroad 
afford transportation for its products. Its re- 
sources and the occupation of the people are 
almost w-holly agricultural, tlie surface being 
level prairie and the soil fertile. Monticello, the 
county-seat, has a population of about 1,700. 
Other leading towns are Cerro Gordo (939) and 
Bement (1.129). 

PICKETT, Thomas Johnson, journalist, was 
born in Louisville, Ky., March 17, 1821; spent 
six years (1830-36) in St. Louis, when his family 
removed to Peoria ; learned the printer's trade in 
the latter city, and, in 1840, began the publica- 
tion of "The Peoria News," then sold out and 
established "The Republican" (afterwards "The 
Transcript") ; was a member of the Anti-Nebraska 
Editorial Convention held at Decatur, Feb. 22, 
185G, serving on the Committee on Resolutions, 
and being appointed on the State Central Com- 
mittee, which called the first Republican State 
Convention, held at Bloomington, in May follow- 
ing, and was there appointed a delegate to the 
National Convention at Philadelphia, which 
nominated General Fremont for President. 
Later, he published papers at Pekin and Rock 
Island, at the latter place being one of the first to 
name Abraham Lincoln for the Presidency ; was 
elected State Senator in 1860, and. in 1862, com- 
missioned Lieutenant-Colonel of the Sixty-ninth 
Illinois Volunteers, being transferred, as Colonel, 
to the One Hundred and Thirty-.second Illinois 
(100-days' men), and serving at Camp Douglas 
during the "Conspiracy" excitement. After the 
war. Colonel Pickett removed to Paducah, Ky., 
published a paper there called "The Federal 
Union." was appointed Postmaster, and, later. 
Clerk of the United States District Court, and 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



i'Z5 



was the Republican nominee for Congress, in that 
District, iu 1874. Removing to Nebraska in 1879, 
he at different times conducted several papers in 
that State residing for the most part at Lincoln. 
Died, at Ashland. Neb., Dec. 24, 1891. 

PIEKSOX, David, pioneer banker, was born at 
Cazenovia, N. Y.. .hily !), ISOti; at the age of 13 
removed west with liis parent.s, arriving at St. 
Louis, June 3, 1820. The family soon after set- 
tled near CoUinsville. Madison County. 111., where 
the father having died, they removed to the vi- 
cinitj" of CarroUton, Greene County, in 1831. Here 
they opened a farm, but, in 1827, Mr. Pierson 
went to the le.ad mines at Galena, where he re- 
mained a year, then returning to CarroUton. In 
1834, having .sold his farm, he began merchandis- 
ing, still later being engaged in the pork and 
grain trade at Alton. In 1854 he added the liank- 
ing business to his dry-goods trade at CarroUton, 
also engaged in milling, and, in 18()2-G3, erected 
a woolen factory, which was destroyed by an 
incendiary tire in 1873. Originallj- an anti-slavery 
Clay Whig, Jlr. Pierson became a Republican on 
the organization of that party in 1856, served for 
a time as Collector of Internal Revenue, was a 
delegate to the National Republican Convention 
at Philadelphia in 1872, and a prominent candi- 
date for the Republican nomination for Lieuten- 
ant-Governor in 187(i. Of high integrity and 
unswerving patriotism, Mr. Pierson was generous 
in his benefactions, being one of the most liberal 
contributors to the establislunent of the Langston 
School for the Education of Freedmen at Holly 
Springs, Mi.ss., .soon after the war. He died at 
CarroUton, May 8, 1891.— Oman (Pierson), a son 
of the subject of tliis sketch, was a member of 
the Thirty -second General Assembly (1881) from 
Greene County, and is present cashier of the 
Greene County National Bank at CarroUton. 

PIGOOTT, Isaac N., early politician, was born 
about 1792; served as an itinerant Methodist 
preacher in Mi.ssouri and Illinois, between 1819 
and 1824, but finally located southwest of Jersey- 
ville and obtained a license to run a ferry be- 
tween (irafton and Alton; in 1828 ran as a 
candidate for the State Senate against Thomas 
Carlin (afterwards Governor): removed to St. 
Louis in \SrS. and died there in 1874. 

PIKE COUNTY, situated in the western por- 
tion of the State, lying between the lUinois and 
Mississippi Rivers, having an area of 795 square 
miles — named in honor of the explorer, Capt. 
Zebulon Pike. The first American settlers came 
about 1820, and. in 1821, the county was organ- 
ized, at first embracing all the country north and 



west of the Illinois River, including the present 
county of Cook. Out of this territory were finally 
organized about one fourtli of the counties of the 
State. Coles' Grove (now Gilead, in Calhoun 
County) was the first county-seat, but the seat of 
justice was removed, in 1824, to Atlas, and to 
Pittsfield in 1S33. The surface is undulating, in 
some portions is hilly, and diversified with prai- 
ries and hardwood timber. Live-stock, cereals 
and hay are the staple products, while coal and 
Niagara limestone are found in abundance. 
Population (1890), 31.000; (1800), 31,595. 

PILLSBUKY, Nathaniel Joy, lawyer and 
judge, was born in York County, Maine, Oct. 21, 
1834; in 1855 removed to Illinois, and, in 1858, 
began farming in Livingston County. He began 
the study of law in 1803, and, after admission to 
tlie bar, commenced i)ractice at Pontiac. He 
represented La Salle and Livingston Counties in 
the Constitutional Convention of 18C9-70, and, in 
1873, was elected to the bench of the Thirteenth 
Judicial Circuit. He was re-elected in 1879 and 
again in 1885. He was assigned to the tench of 
the Appellate Court in 1S77, and again in 1879 
and "85. He was severely wounded by a shot 
received from strikers on the line of the Chicago 
& .Mton Railroad, near Chicago, in 1886, resulting 
in his being j)ermanently disabled physically, in 
conse*iuence of whicli he declined a re-election to 
tlie bench in 1891 

PINCKNEYVILLE, a city and the county -seat 
of Perry County, situated at the intersection of 
the Padiicah Division Illinois Central and the 
Wabash, Chester &: Western Railway.s, 10 miles 
west northwest of DiKiuoin. Coal-mining is 
carried on in the immediate vicinity, and Hour, 
carriages, plows and dre.ssed lumber are among 
the manufactured products. Pinckneyville has 
two l)ank.s— one of which is national — two weekly 
newspapers, seven churches, a graded and a high 
school. Po|>ulation (1880), 964; (1890), 1,298; 
(1900), 3,357. 

PITTSBl'RG, CINnWATI. CHICAGO & 
ST. LOriS KAILUO.VO. one of the Pennsyl- 
vania Coiii|i.any"s lines, operating 1.403 miles of 
road, of whicl) 1,090 miles are owned and the 
remainder leased — length of line in Illinois, 28 
miles. The Company is the outgrowth of a con- 
solidation, in 1890, of the Pittsburg, Cincinnati & 
St. Louis Railway with the Chicago, St. Louis & 
Pittsburg, the Cincinnati & Richmond and the 
JefTersonville. Madison & Indianapolis Railroads. 
The Pennsylvania Railroad Companj' controls 
the entire line through ownership of stock. 
Capital stock outstanding, in 1898, $47,791,601; 



*2t; 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



funded debt, $48,433,000; floating debt, $2,214,703 
—total capital $98,500,584. — (History.) The 
Chicago, St. Louis & Pittsburg Railroad, em- 
bracing the Illinois division of this line, was made 
up of various corporations organized under the 
laws of Illinois and Indiana. One of its compo- 
nent parts was the Chicago & Great Eastern 
Railway, organized, in 1865. by consolidation of 
the Galena & Illinois River Railroad (chartered 
in 1857), the Chicago & Great Eastern Railway 
of Indiana, the Cincinnati & Chicago Air-Line 
(organized 1860), and the Cincinnati, Logans- 
port & Chicago Railway. In 1869, the consoli- 
dated line was leased to the Pittsburg, Cincinnati 
& St. Louis Railway Company, and operated 
under the name of the Columbus, Chicago & 
Indiana Central lietween Bradford, Ohio, and 
Chicago, from 18G9 until its consolidation, under 
the present name, in 1890. (See Pennsylvania 
Railroad.) 

PITTSBURO, FORT WAYNE & CHICAGO 
RAILROAD. (See Pittsburg. Fort Wayne <£- Chi- 
cago Paihray.) 

PITTSBURG, FORT WAYNE & CHICAGO 
RAILWAY. The total length of this line is 
nearly 470 miles, but only a little over 16 miles 
are within Illinois. It was operated by the Penn- 
sylvania Railroad Compan}' as lessee. The entire 
capitalization in 1898 was $52,549,990; and the 
earnings in Illinois, $472,228. — (History.) The 
Pittsburg, Fort Wayne & Chicago Railway is the 
result of the consolidation, August 1, 1856, of the 
Ohio & Pennsylvania, the Ohio & Indiana and 
the Fort Wayne & Chicago Railroad Companies, 
under the name of the Pittsburg. Fort Wayne & 
Chicago Railroad. The road was opened through 
its entire length, Jan. 1, 1859; was sold under 
foreclosure in 1861 ; reorganized under its present 
title, in 1862. and leased to the Pennsylvania 
Railroad Company, for 999 years, from July 1, 
1869. (See Pennsylvania Pailroad.) 

PITTSFIELD, the county -seat of Pike County, 
situated on the Hannibal it Naples branch of the 
Wabash Railway, about 40 miles southeast of 
Quiucy, and about the same distance soutli of 
we.st from Jacksonville. Its public buildings 
include a handsome court house and graded and 
high school buildings. The city has an electric 
light plant, city water-works, a flour mill, a 
National and a State bank, nine churches, and 
four weekly newspapers. Pop. (1890), 3,295; 
(1900), 2,293. 

PLAINFIELD, a village of Will County, on the 
Elgin. Joliet & Eastern Railroad and an interur- 
ban electric line. 8 miles northwest of Joliet: is 



in a dairying section; has a bank and one news- 
paper. Pop. (1890), 852; (1900), 920. 

PLANO, a city in Kendall County, situated 
near the Fox River, and on the Chicago, Burling- 
ton & Quincj' Railroad, 14 miles west-southwest 
of Aurora. There are manufactories of agri- 
cultural implements and bed.steads. The city has 
banks, several churches, graded and high schools, 
and a weekly newspaper. Pop. (1890), 1,825; 
(1900), 1,634; (1903, est.). 2,250. 

PLEASANT PLAINS, a village of Sangamon 
County, on Springfield Division Baltimore & Ohio 
S. W. Railroad, 16 miles northwest of Spring- 
field; in rich farming region; has coal-shaft, 
bank, five churches, college and two newspapers. 
Population (1890), 518; (1900). 575. 

PLEASANTS, George Washington, jurist, was 
born in Harrodsbur.g, Ky., Nov. 24. 1823; received 
a classical education at Williams College. Mass. 
graduating in 1842; -studied law in New York 
City, and was admitted to the bar at Rochester, 
N. Y'., in 1845, establishing himself in practice at 
Williamstown, Mass., where he remained until 
1849. In 1851 he removed to Washington, D. C, 
and, after residing there two years, came to Illi- 
nois, locating at Rock Island, which has since 
been his home. In 1861 he was elected, as a 
Republican, to the State Constitutional Conven- 
tion which met at Springfield in January follow- 
ing, and, in 1867, was chosen Judge for the Sixth 
(now Tenth) Judicial Circuit, having served by 
successive re-elections until June, 1897, retiring 
at the close of his fifth term— a record for length 
of service seldom paralleled in the judicial his- 
tory of the State. The last twenty years of this 
period were spent on the Appellate bench. For 
several years past Judge Pleasants has been a 
sufferer from failing eyesight, but has been faith- 
ful in attendance on his judicial duties. As a 
judicial officer and a man, his reputation stands 
among the highest. 

PLLTMB, Ralph, soldier and ex-Congressman, 
was born in Chautauqua County, N. Y'., March 29, 
1816. After leaving school he became a mer- 
chant's clerk, and was himself a merchant for 
eighteen years. From New Y'ork he removed to 
Ohio, where he was elected a member of the 
Legislature in 1855, later coming to Illinois. 
During the Civil War he served four years in the 
Union army as Captain and Quartermaster, being 
brevetted Lieutenant Colonel at its close. He 
made his home at Streator, where he was elected 
Mayor (1881-1883). There he engaged in coal- 
mining and has been connected with several 
important enterprises. From 1885 to 1889 he 



HISTOKICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



427 



represented the Eighth Illinois District in Con- 
gress, after wliich he retired to private life. 

PLY.MOl'TH, a village of Hancock County, on 
the Cliiea};i). Burlington & Quincy Rjvihvay. 41 
miles nortlieast of Quincy ; is trade center of rich 
farming district; has two banks, electric lights, 
water-works, and one paper. Pop. (1900), 8.)4. 

POIME BE S.VIBLE, Jean Baptiste, a negro 
and Indian-trader, reputed to have been the first 
settler on the present site of the city of Chicago. 
He is said to have been a native of San Domingo, 
but is described by his contemporaries as "well 
educated and handsome,"" though dissipated. He 
appears to have been at the present site of Chi- 
cago as early .as 1794, his house being located on 
the north sitlo near the junction of the North and 
South branches of the Chicago River, where he 
carried on a considerable trade with the Indians. 
About 1796 he is said to have sold out to a French 
trader named Le Mai, and jt)ined a countryman 
of his, named Glamorgan, at Peoria, where he died 
soon after. Glamorgan, who was the reputed 
owner of a large Spanish land-grant in the vicin- 
ity of St. Ixiuis, is said to have been a.ssociated 
with Point de Saible in trade among the Peorias, 
before the latter came to Chicago. 

POLO, a city in Ogle County, at intersection 
of the Illinois Central and the Chicago, Burling- 
ton & Northern Railways, 23 miles south of Free- 
port and 12 miles north of Dixon. The 
surrounding region is devoted to agriculture and 
stock-raising, and Polo is a shipping point for 
large quantities of cattle and hogs. Agricultural 
im])lements (including harvesters) and buggies 
are manufactured here. The citj' has banks, one 
weekly ami one semi weekly paper, seven 
churches, a graded public and high school, and a 
public library. Pop. (1890), 1,728; (1900), 1,869. 

PONTI.VC, an Ottawa chief, born on the 
Ottawa River, in Canada, about 1720. While yet 
a young man he became ,the principal Chief of 
the allied Ottawas, Ojibwaysand Pottawatomies. 
He was always a firm ally of the French, to 
whose interests he was devotedly attachetl, 
defending them at Detroit against an attack of 
the Northern tribes, and (it is generally believed) 
leading the Ottawas in the defeat of Uraddock. 
He reluctantly acijuiesced in the issue of the 
French and Indian War. although at first strongly 
disposed to dispute the progre.ss of Major Rogers, 
the British officer sent to take possession of the 
western forts. In 1762 he dispatched emissaries 
to a large numl)er of tribes, whom he desired to 
unite in a league for the extermination of the 
English. His proposals were favorably received, 



and tlnis was organized what is commonly 
spoken of a.s the "Conspiracy of Pontiac."' He 
himself undertook to lead an assault upon Detroit. 
The garrisf)!!, however, was apprised of his inten- 
tion, and made preparations accordingly. Pontiac 
thereupon laid siege to the fort, but was unable 
to prevent the ingress of provisions, the Canadian 
settlers furnishing supplies to both besieged and 
besiegers with absolute impartiality. Finally a 
boat-load of ammunition and supplies was landed 
at Detroit from Lake Erie, and the English made 
an unsucce.ssfid sortie on July 31, 1703. After a 
desultory warfare, lasting for nearly three 
months, the Indians withdrew into Indiana, 
where Pontiac tried in vain to organize another 
movement. Although Detroit had not been 
taken, the Indians captured Forts Sandusky, St. 
Joseph, 5Iiami, Ouiatanon. LeBoeuf and Venango, 
besides the posts of Mackinaw and Presque Isle. 
The garrisons at all the.se points were massacred 
and innumerable outrages perpetrated elsewhere. 
Additional British troops were sent west, and 
the Indians finally brought under control. 
Pontiac was present at Oswego when a treaty was 
signed with Sir William Johnson, but remained 
implacable. His end was tragic. Broken in 
lieart, but still proud in spirit and relentless in 
purpose, he applied to the former (and last) 
French Governor of Illinois, the younger St. 
Ange, who wivs then at St. Louis, for co-operation 
.■in<l support in another raid against the British. 
Being refused aid or countenance, according to a 
story long po]Hilarly received, he returned to the 
vicinity of Cahokia, where, in 17G9, he was mur- 
dered by a Kaskaskia Indian in consideration of 
a barrel of liquor. N. JIatson, author of several 
volumes bearing on earl}- history in Illinois, cit- 
ing Col. Joseph N. Bourassa. an educated half- 
breed of Kansas, as authority for his statement, 
as,serts that the Indian killed at Cahokia w;is an 
impostor, antl that the true Pontiac was a,ssassi- 
nated by KinelK>o. the Head Chief of the Illinois, 
in a council held on the Des Plaines River, near 
the present site of Joliet. So well convinced, it 
is said, was Pierre Chouteau, the St. Louis Indian 
trader, of the truth of this last story, that he 
caused a monument, which he had erected over 
the grave of the false Pontiac, to be removed. 
Out of the nnirder of Pontiac, whether occurring 
at Cahokia or Joliet. it is generally agreed, 
resulted the extermination of the Illinois and the 
tragedy of "Starved Rock."" (See Starved Hock. ) 
rONTI.VC, an incorporated city, the county- 
seat of Livingston County. It stands on the 
bank of the Vemillion River, and is also a point 



428 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



of intersection of the Chicago & Alton, tlie 
Wabasli and the Illinois Central Railroads. It is 
iiS miles north-northeast from Bloomington and 
93 miles south-southwest of Chicago. The sur- 
rounding region is devoted to agriculture, stock- 
raising and coal-mining. Pontiac has four banks 
and four weekly newspapers (two issuing daily 
editions), numerous cluirclies and good schools. 
Various kinds of manufacturing are conducted, 
among the principal establishments being flour- 
ing mills, three slioe factories, straw paper and 
candy factories and a foundiy. The State Re- 
formatory for Juvenile Offenders is located here. 
Pop. (1890). 2,784; (1900), 4,266. 

POOL, Orval, merchant and banker, was born 
in Union County, Ky., near Shawueetcwn, 111., 
Feb. 17, 1809, but lived in Shawneetown from seven 
years of age; in boyhood learned the saddler's 
trade, but, in IS-IS, engaged in the dry-goods 
business, J. McKee Peeples and Thomas S. Ridg- 
way becoming his partners in 1846. In 1850 he 
retired from the dry-goods trade and became an 
extensive dealer in produce, pork and tobacco. 
In 1871 he established the Gallatin County 
National Bank, of which he was the first Presi- 
dent. Died, June 30, 1871. 

POOLE, William Frederick, bibliographer, 
librarian and historical writer, was born at 
Salem, Slass. , Dec. 34, 1821, graduated from Yale 
College in 1849, and, at the close of his sophomore 
year, was appointed assistant librarian of his col- 
lege society, which owned a library of 10,000 vol- 
umes. Here he prepared and published the first 
edition of his now famous "Index to Periodical 
Literature." A second and enlarged addition 
was published in 1853, and secured for its author 
wide fame, in both America and Europe. In 1852 
he was made Librarian of the Boston Mercantile 
Library, and, from 1856 to 1869, had charge of the 
Boston Athenfeum, then one of the largest li- 
braries in the United States, which he relinquished 
to engage in expert library work. He organized 
libraries in several New England cities and 
towns, at the United States Naval Academy, and 
the Cincinnati Public Library, finally becoming 
Librarian of the latter institution. In October, 
1873, he assumed charge of the Chicago Public 
Library, then being organized, and, in 1887, 
became Librarian of the Newberry Library, 
organizing this institution and remaining at its 
head until his death, which occurred, March 1, 
1894. The degree of LL.D. was conferred on him 
V)y the Northwestern University in 1882. Dr. 
Poole took a prominent part in the organization 
of library associations, and was one of the Vice- 



Presidents of the International Conference of 
Librarians, held in London in 1871. His advice 
was much sought in relation to library architec- 
ture and management. He wrote much on topics 
connected with his profession and on historical 
subjects, frequently contributing to "The North 
American Review." In 1874-75 he edited a liter- 
ary paper at Chicago, called "'The Owl," and was 
later a constant contributor to "T)ie Dial." He 
was President of the American Historical Society 
and member of State Historical Societies and of 
other kindred associations. 

POPE, Nathaniel, first Territorial Secretary of 
Illinois, Delegate in Congress and jurist, was born 
at Louisville, Ky., in 1774; graduated with high 
honor from Traiisylvania University, at Lexing- 
ton, Ky., read law with his brother. Senator John 
Pope, and, in 1804, emigrated to New Orleans, 
later living, for a time, at Ste. Genevieve, Mo. In 
1808 he became a i-esident of Kaskaskia and, the 
next year, was appointed the first Territorial 
Secretary of Illinois. His native judgment was 
strong and profound and his intellect quick and 
far-reaching, while both were thoroughly trained 
and disciplined by study. In 1816 he was elected 
a Territorial Delegate to Congress, and proved 
himself, not only devoted to the interests of his 
constituents, but also a shrewd tactician. He was 
largely instrumental in seciu-ing the passage of 
the act authorizing the formation of a State 
government, and it was mainly through his 
efforts that the northern boundary of Illinois was 
fixed at lat. 43° 30' north, instead of the southern 
bend of Lake Michigan. Upon the admission of 
Illinois into the Union, he was made United 
States Judge of the District, which then embraced 
the entire State. This office he filled with dig- 
nity, impartiality and acceptability until his 
death, at the hon>e of his daughter, Mrs. Lu- 
cretia Yeatman, in St. Louis, Mo., Jan. 33, 1850. 
Pope County was named in his honor. — Gen. John 
(Pope), son of the preceding, was born in Louis- 
ville, Ky., March 16, 1833; graduated at the United 
States Military Academy, 1843, and appointed 
brevet Second Lieutenant of Topographical 
Engineers; served in Florida (1843-44), on the 
northeast boundary survey, and in the Mexican 
War (1846-47), being promoted First Lieutenant 
for bravery at Monterey and Captain at Buena 
Vista. In 1849 he conducted an exploring expe- 
dition in Minnesota, was in charge of topograph- 
ical engineering service in New Mexico (1851-53). 
and of the survey of a route for the Union Pacific 
Railway (1853-59), meanwhile experimenting on 
the feasibilitv of artesian wells on the "Staked 



niSTOIlIf-AL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



429 



Plains" in Northwestern Texas. lie wiis a zeal- 
ous friend of Abraham Lincoln in the political 
cainp;iiKn of IISOO, and was court-niartialod for 
criticising the policy of President Buchanan, in a 
jKipor read beft)re a literary society in Cincinnati, 
(he proceedings being finally dropped on the 
recommendation of the (then) Secretary of War, 
Joseph Holt. In 18G1 he was one of the odicers 
detailed by the War Department to conduct Mr. 
Lincoln to the capital, and, in May following, 
was made Urigadier-General of Volunteers and 
assigned to command in Missouri, where lie per- 
formed valuable service in protecting railroad 
communications and driving out guerrillas, gain- 
ing an important victory over Sterling Price at 
Blackwater, in December of that year; in 1863 
had command of the land forces co-operating 
with Admiral Foote, in the expedition against 
New Madrid and Island No. 10, resulting in the 
capture of that stronghold with 6,500 prisoners, 
125 cannon and 7,000 small arms, thereby win- 
ning a Major-deneral's commission. L;iter, hav- 
ing participated in the operations against Corinth, 
he was transferred to command of the Army of 
Virginia, and soon' after commissioned Briga- 
dier-General in the regular army. Here, being 
forced to meet a greatly superior force under 
General I..ee, he was subjected to reverses which 
led to his falling back on Washington and a 
request to be relieved of his command. For fail- 
ure to give him proper support. Gen. Fitzjohn 
Porter was tried by court-martial, and. having 
been convicted, was cashiered and declared for- 
ever disqualified from holding any oflSce of trust 
or profit under the United States Government — 
although this verdict was finally set aside and 
Porter restored to the army as Colonel, by act of 
Congress, in August, 1886. General Pope's sub- 
sequent service was performed chiefly against 
the Indians in the Northwest, until 1805, when he 
took command of the military division of Mis- 
souri, and, in June following, of the Department 
of the Missouri, including all the Northwestern 
States and Territories, from which he was 
relieved early in 18C6. Later, he held command, 
under the Reconstruction Acts, in Georgia, Ala- 
bamaand Florida (1867-68); the Department of the 
Lakes (18GS-70) ; Department of the Mis.souri (1870- 
84) ; and Department of the Pacific, from 1884 to 
his retirement, March Hi. 1886. General Pope 
published "Explorations from the Red River to 
the Rio Grande'' and "Campaigns in Virginia" 
(1863). Died, at Sandusky, Ohio. Sept 23, 1892. 

POPE COUNTY, lies on the southern border of 
the State, and contains an area of al)out 'MVl 



stpiare miles — named in honor of Judge Nathaniel 
Pope. It was erected in 1810 (two years before 
the admission of Illinois as a State) from parts of 
tiallatin and Johnson Counties. The county-seat 
was first located at Sandsville, but later changed 
to Golconda. Robert Lacy, Benoni Lee and 
Thomas Ferguson were the first CommLssioners ; 
Hamlet Ferguson was chosen Sheriff; John Scott, 
Recorder ; Thomas C. Browne, Prosecuting-Attor- 
ney, and Samuel Omelveney, Treasurer. The 
highest land in Southern Illinois is in the north- 
eastern part of this county, reaching an elevation 
of l,04(i feet. The bluffs along the Ohio River are 
bold in outline, and the ridges are surmounted by 
a thick growth of timber, notablj' oak and hick- 
ory. Portions of the bottom lands are submerged, 
at times, during a part of the year and are 
covered with cypress timber. The remains of 
Indian mounds and fortifications are found, and 
some interesting relics have been exliumed. Sand- 
stone is quarried in abundance, and coal is found 
here and there. Mineral springs (with copperas 
as the chief ingredient) are numerous. Iron is 
found in limited quantities, among the rocks 
toward the south, while spar and kaolin clay are 
found in the north. The chief agricultural 
products are potatoes, corn and tobacco. Popu- 
lation (18i)0), 14,010; (1900), 1.3,.'385. 

PORT BYROX, a village of Rock Island County, 
on tlie Mi.ssissippi River and the Chicago. Mil- 
waukee i^- St. Paul Railway, 16 miles above Rock 
Islanil; has lime kilns, grain elevator, two banks, 
academy, public schools, and a newspaper. Pop. 
(1900). 732. The (Illinois) Western Hospital for 
the Insane is located at Watertown, t.velve miles 
below Port Byron. 

PORTER, (Rev.) Jeremiah, pioneer clergy- 
man, was born at Hadley, Mass., in 1804; gradu- 
ated from Williams College in 1825. and studied 
theology at both Andover and Princeton semi- 
naries, graduating from the latter in 1831. The 
same year he made the (then) long and perilous 
journey to Fort Brady, a military post at the 
Sault Ste. Marie, where he began his work as a 
missionary. In 1833 he came to Chicago, where 
he remained for two years, organizing the First 
Presbyterian Church of Chicago, with a member- 
ship of twenty-six persons. Afterwards he had 
pastoral charge of churches at Peoria and Farm- 
ington. Wliile in Chicago he was married to 
Miss Eliza Chappell. one of the earliest teachers 
in Chicago. From 1840 to '58 he was located at 
Green Bay, Wis., accepting a call from a Chicago 
Church in the year last named. In 1861 he was 
conunissioned Chaplain in the volunteer service 



430 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



by Governor Yates, and mustered out in 1865. 
The next five years were divided between labors 
at Brownsville, Tex., in the service of the Sani- 
tary Commission, and a pastorate at Prairie du 
Chien. In 1870 he was commissioned Chaplain 
in the regular army, remaining in the service 
(with occasional leaves of absence) until 1882, 
when he was retired from active service on 
account of advanced age. His closing years were 
spent at the homes of his children in Detroit and 
Beloit; died at the latter city, July 25, 1893, at 
the age of 89 years. 

POSEY, (Gen.) Thomas, Continental and 
Revolutionary soldier, was born in Virginia, July 
9, 1750 ; in 1774 took part in Lord Dunmore's expe- 
dition against the Indians, and, later, in various 
engagements of the Revolutionarj' War, being 
part of the time imder the immediate command 
of Washington; was with General Wayne in the 
assault on Stony Point and present at Cornwallis' 
surrender at Yorktown ; also served, after the war, 
with Wayne as a Brigadier-General in the North- 
west Territory. Removing to Kentucky, he 
served in the State Senate, for a time being 
presiding officer and acting Lieutenant-Governor ; 
later (1812), was elected United States Senator 
from Louisiana, and, from 1813 to "16, served as 
Territorial Governor of Indiana Died, at the 
home of his son-in-law, Joseph M. Street, at 
Shawneetown, 111. , March 18, 1818, where he lies 
buried. At the time of his death General Posey 
was serving as Indian Agent. 

POST, Joel S., lawyer and soldier of the Mexi- 
can War; was born in Ontario (now Wayne) 
County, N. Y., April 27, 1816; in 1828 removed 
with his father to Washtenaw County, Mich., 
remaining there until 1839, when he came to 
Macon County, 111. The following year, he com- 
menced the study of law with Judge Charles 
Emmerson, of Decatur, and was admitted to the 
bar in 1841. In 1846 he enlisted in the Mexican 
War, and served as Quartermaster of the Fourth 
Regiment (Col. E. D. Baker's) ; in 1856 was elected 
to the State Senate, and. at the following session, 
was a leading supporter of the measures which 
resulted in the establishment of the State Nor- 
mal School at Bloomington. Capt. Post's later 
years were spent at Decatur, where he died, 
June 7, 1886. 

POST, Philip Sidney, soldier and Congress- 
man, was born at Florida, Orange County, N. Y., 
March 19, 1833 ; at the age of 22 graduated from 
Union College, studied law at Poughkeepsie Law 
School, and, removing to Illinois, was admitted 
to the bar in 1856 At the outbreak of the Civil 



War lie enlisted, and was commissioned Second 
Lieutenant in the Fiftj'-ninth Illinois Volunteers. 
He was a gallant, fearless soldier, and was re- 
peatedly promoted for bravery and meritorious 
service, until he attained the rank of brevet 
Brigadier-General. He participated in many 
important battles and was severely wounded at 
Pea Ridge and Nashville. In 1865 he was in com- 
mand in Western Texas. After the close of the 
war he entered the diplomatic service, being 
appointed Consul-Geueral to Austria-Hungary 
in 1874, but resigned in 1879, and returned to his 
home in Galesburg. From 1882 to 1886 he was a 
member of the Republican State Central Com- 
mittee, and, during 1886, was Commander of the 
Department of Illinois, G. A. R. He was elected 
to Congress from the Tenth District on the Repub- 
lican ticket in 1886, serving continuously by re- 
election until his death, which occurred in 
Washington, Jan. 6, 1895. 

POST, Truman Marcellus, D.D., clergyman, 
was born at 5Iiddlebury. Vt., June 3, 1810; gradu- 
ated at Middlebury College in 1829, was Principal 
of Castleton Academy for a year, and a tutor at 
Sliddlebury two years, meanwhile studying law. 
After a winter spent in AVashiugton, listening to 
the orators of the time in Congress and before the 
Supreme Court, including Clay, Webster, Wirt 
and their contemporaries, he went west in 1833, 
first visiting St. Louis, but finally settling at 
Jacksonville, 111., where he was admitted to the 
bar, but soon after accepted the Professorship of 
Classical Languages in Illinois College, and 
later that of History; then began the study of 
theology, was ordained in 1840, and assumed the 
pastorship of the Congregational Church in Jack- 
sonville. In 1847 he was called to the pastorate 
of the Third Presbyterian Church of St. Louis, 
and, in 1851, to the First Congregational Church, 
of which the former furnished the nucleus. For 
a year or two after removing to St. Louis, he 
continued his lectures on history at Illinois Col- 
lege for a sliort period each year ; also held the 
professorship of Ancient and Slodern History in 
Washington University, in St. Louis; in 1873-75 
was Southworth lecturer on Congregationalism 
in Andover Theological Seminary and, for sev- 
eral years, Professor of Ecclesiastical History in 
Chicago Theological Seminary. His splendid 
diction and his noble style of oratory caused 
him to be much sought after as a public lecturer 
or platform speaker at college commencements, 
while his purity of life and refinement of charac- 
ter attracted to him all with %vhom he came in 
personal contact. He received the degree of 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



431 



D.D. from Middlebury College iu 1855; was a fre- 
quent contributor to "The Biblical Repository" 
and otlier religious publications, ami, besides 
numerous addresses, sermons and pamplilets, he 
was the author of a volume entitled "The Skep- 
tical Era in Jlodern History" (New York, 185G). 
Ue resigned liis pastorate in January, 18S2, but 
continued to be a frequent speaker, eitlier in the 
pulpit or on the lecture platform, nearly to the 
period of his death, which occurred iu St. Louis, 
Dec. 31, 1886. For a quarter of a centurj- he was 
one of the Trustees of Jlonticello Female Semi- 
nary, at Godfrey, 111., being, for a considerable 
portion of the time, President of the Board. 

POTT.VW.VTOMIES, THE, an Indian tribe, 
one of the three subdivi.sions of the Ojib%vas (or 
Ojibbeways), who, in turn, constituted a numer- 
ous family of the Algonquins. The other 
branches were the Ottawa and the Chippewas. 
The latter, however, retained the family name, 
and hence some writers have regarded the "Ojib- 
beways" and the "Chipjiewas" as essentially 
identical. This interchanging of names has been 
a prolific source of error. Inherently, the dis- 
tinction was analogous to that existing between 
genus and species, although a confusion of 
nomenclature lias naturally resulted in errors 
more or less serious. Tiieso three tribes early 
.separated, the Pottawatomies going soxith from 
Green Bay along the western shore of Lake 
Michigan. The meaning of the name is, "we are 
making a fir«," and the word is a translation into 
the Pottawatomie language of the name first 
given to the tribe by the Miamis. These Indians 
were tall, fierce and haughty, and the tribe was 
divideil into four branches, or clans, called by 
names which signify, respectively, the golden 
carp, the tortoise, the crab and the frog. Accord- 
ing to the "Jesuit Relations," the Pottawatomies 
were first met by the French, on the north of 
Lake Uuron, in 1039-40. More than a quarter of 
a century later (1C66) Father AUouez speaks of 
them as dwellers on the shores of Lake Michigan. 
The s;ime Father described them a-s idolatrous 
and iwlygamous, yet as possessing a rude civility 
and as being kindly disposed toward the French. 
This friendship continued unbroken until the 
expulsion of the latter from the Northwest. 
About 1678 they spread southward from Green 
Bay to the head of Lake Michigan, a portion of 
the tribe settling in Illinois as far south as the 
Kankakee and Illinois Rivers, crowding the 
Winnebagoes and the Sacs and Foxes on the west, 
and advancing, on the east, into the country of 
the Miamis as far as the Wabash and the 



Mauraee. They fought on tlie side of the 
French in the French and Indian War, and 
later took part in the conspiracy of Pontiac 
to capture and reduce the British |)osts, and 
were so influenced by Tecumseh and the Prophet 
that a considerable number of their warri- 
ors fought against General Harrison at Tippe- 
canoe. During the War of 1813 they actively 
supported the British. Thej' were also prominent 
at the Chicago massacre. Schoolcraft says of 
them, "They were foremost at all treaties where 
lands were to be ceded, clamoring for the lion's 
share of all presents and annuities, particularly 
where these last were the price paid for the sale 
of other lands than their own." The Pottawato- 
:nies were parties to the treaties at Chicago in 
183i and 1833. and were among the last of the 
tribes to remove beyond the Mississippi, their 
final emigration not taking place until 1838. In 
1846 the sciittered fragments of this tribe coalesced 
with those of the Chippewas and Ottawas, and 
formed the Pottawatomie nation. They ceded all 
their land.s, wherever located, to the United States, 
for §850,000, agreeing to accept 576,000 acres in 
Kansas in lieu of 587,000 of this amount. Through 
the rapacity and trespasses of white settlers, tliis 
reservation was soon dismembered, and the lands 
passed into other hands. In 1807, under an ena- 
bling act of Congress, 1,400 of the nation (then 
estimated at 2,500) became citizens. Their pres- 
ent location is in the southeastern part of Okla- 
homa. 

POWELL, John Wesley, Ph.D., LL.I)., geolo- 
gist and anthropologist, was born at Mount Morris 
N. Y., March 24, 1834, the son of a Methodist 
itinerant preacher, passing his early life at vari- 
ous places in Ohio, Wisconsin and Illinois; studied 
for a time in Elinois College (Jacksonville), and 
subsequently in Wheaton College, but, in 1854, 
began a special course at Oberlin, Ohio, teaching 
at intervals in public schools. Having a predi- 
lection for the natural sciences, he spent much 
time in making collections, which he placed in 
various Illinois institutions. Entering the army 
in 1861 as a private of the Twentieth Illinois 
Volunteers, he later became a Captain of the 
Second Illinois Artillery, being finally promoted 
Major. He lost his right arm at the battle of 
Shiloh, but returned to his regiment as soon as 
sufficiently recovered, and continued in active 
service to the close of the war. In 1805 he became 
Professor of Geologj- and Curator of the 5Iuseum 
in Illinois Wesleyan L^niversity at Bloomington, 
but resigned to accept a similar position in the 
State Normal University. In 1867 he began his 



432 



HISTOKICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



greatest work in connection with science by 
leading a class of pupils to the mountains of 
Colorado for the study of geology, which he fol- 
lowed, a year later, by a more thorough survey of 
the cafion of the Colorado River than had ever 
before been attempted. This led to provision by 
Congress, in 1870, for a topographical and geo- 
logical survey of the Colorado and its tributaries, 
which was appropriately jilaced under his direc- 
tion. Later, he was placed in charge of the 
Bureau of Ethnology in connection with the 
Smithsonian Institute, and, again in 1881, was 
assigned to the directorship of the United States 
Geological Survey, later becoming Director of the 
Bureau of Ethnology, in connection witli the 
Smithsonian Institute in Washington City, 
where (1899) he still remains. In 1886 ?.Iajor 
Powell received the degree of Ph.D. from Heidel- 
berg University, and that of LL.D. from Har- 
vard the same j'ear. He is also a member of the 
leading scientific associations of the country, 
while his reports and addresses fill numerous 
volumes issued by the Government. 

POWELL, William Henry, soldier and manu- 
factm'er, was born in South Wales, May 10, 1825; 
came to America in 1830, was educated in the 
common schools of Tennessee, and (1856-61) was 
manager of a manufacturing company at Iron- 
ton, Ohio; in 1861, became Captain of a West 
Virginia cavalry company, and was advanced 
through the grades of Major, Lieutenant-Colonel 
and Colonel ; was wounded while leading a charge 
at Wytheville, Va., left on the field, captured and 
confined in Libby Prison six months. After ex- 
change he led a cavalry division in the Army of 
the Shenandoah ; was made Brigadier-General in 
October, 1864; after the war settled in West Vir- 
ginia, and was a Republican Presidential Elector 
in 1868. He is now at the head of a nail mill and 
foundry in Belleville, and was Commander of the 
Grand Armj' of tlie Republic for the Department 
of Illinois during 1895-96. 

PRAIRIE CITY, a village in McDonough 
County, on the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy 
Railroad, 23 miles southwest from Galesburg and 
17 miles northeast of Macomb; Im.s a carriage 
factory, flour mill, elevators, lumber and stock 
yards, a nurser}-, a bank, four churches and two 
weekly papers. Pop (1890), 812; (1900), 818. 

PRAIRIE DU PONT, (in English, Bridge 
Prairie), an early French settlement, one mile 
south of Cahokia. It was commenced about 1760, 
located on the banks of a creek, on which was 
the first mill, operated by water-power, in that 
section, having been erected by missionaries 



from St. Sulpice, in 1754. In 1765 the village 
contained fourteen families. In 1844 it was 
inundated and nearly destroyed. 

PRAIRIE du ROCHER, (in English, Prairie of 
the Rock), an early French village in what is 
now Monroe County, which began to spring up 
near Fort Chartres (see Fort Chartres), and by 
1722 had grown to be a considerable settlement. 
It stood at the foot of the Mississippi bluffs, about 
four miles northeast of the fort. Like other 
French villages in Illinois, it had its church and 
priest, its common field and commons. JMany of 
the houses were picturesque cottages built of 
limestone. The ancient village is now extinct; 
yet, near the outlet of a creek which runs through 
the bluff, may be seen the vestiges of a water mill, 
said to have been erected by the Jesuits during 
the daj'S of French occupation. 

PRENTICE, William S., Methodist Episcopal 
clergj-man, was born in St Clair County, 111., in 
1819; licensed as a Methodist preacher in 1849, 
and filled pastorates at Paris, Danville, Carlin- 
ville, Springfield, Jacksonville and other places — 
the latter part of his life, serving as Presiding 
Elder ; was a delegate to the Genei'al Conference 
of 1860, and regularly re-elected from 1873 to the 
end of his life. During the latter part of his life 
his home was in Springfield. Died, June 28, 1887. 

PRENTISS, Benjamin Mayberry, soldier, was 
born at Belleville. Wood County, Va., Nov. 23, 
1819; in 1835 accompanied his parents to Mis- 
souri, and, in 1841, removed to Quincy, 111., where 
he learned a trade, afterwards embarking in the 
commission business. In 1844-45 he was Lieuten- 
ant of a company sent against the Mormons at 
Nauvoo, later serving as Captain of Volunteers in 
the Jlexican War. In 1860 he was an unsuccess- 
ful Republican candidate for Congress; at the 
outbreak of the Civil War tendered his services 
to Governor Yates, and was commissioned Colonel 
of the Tenth Illinois Volunteers, was almost 
immediately promoted to Brigadier-General and 
placed in command at Cairo, so continuing until 
relieved by General Grant, in September, 1861. 
At the battle of Shiloh, in April following, he 
was captured with most of his command, after a 
most vigorous fight with a superior rebel force, 
but, in 1862, was exchanged and brevetted Major- 
General of Volunteers. He was a member of the 
court-martial that tried Gen. Fitzjohn Porter, 
and, as commander at Helena, Ark. , defeated the 
Confederate Generals Holmes and Price on July 
3, 1863. He resigned his commission, Oct. 38. 
1863. In 1869 he was appointed by President 
Grant Pension Agent at Quincy, serving four 



IIlST()i;i( Al. ENCYCLOPEDIA UK ILLINOIS. 



433 



years. At present (1898) (leneral Prentiss' resi- 
dence is at Betliany, 5Io., where he served as 
Postmaster, diirinf; the administration of Presi- 
dent Benjamin Harrison, and was reappointed by 
Presi.lent MfKinley. Died Feb. 8, 1901. 
PRESIDEMIAL ELECTORS. (See Elections.) 
PRESBYTEKIAN H()SPIT.\L, located at Chi- 
cago, was organized in l^H:i by a number of 
wealthy and liberal Presbyterians, "for the pur- 
pose of affording medical and surgical aid to sick 
and disabled persons, and to provide them, while 
inmates of the hospital, with the ministrations 
of the gospel, agreeably to the doctrines and 
forms of the Presbyterian Church " Rush Med- 
ical College offered a jMirtion of its ground as a site 
(see Jiusli Medical College), and through generous 
subscriptions, a well-planned Ijuilding was 
erected, capable of accommodating about ~!)^> 
patients. A corridor connects the college and 
hospital buildings. The medical staff comprises 
eighteen of Chicago's best known phj-sicians and 
surgeons. 

PRESBTTERIAXS, THE. The first Presby- 
terian societj- in Illinois was organized by Rev. 
James McGready, of Kentucky, in 1810, at 
Sharon, White County. Revs. Samuel J. Mills 
and Daniel Smith, also Presbyterians, had visited 
the State in 1814, as representatives of the Massa- 
chusetts Missionary Society, but had formed no 
society. The members of the Sharon church 
were almost all immigrants from the South, and 
were largely of Scotch-Irish extraction. Two 
other churches were established in 1819 — one at 
Shoal Creek, Bond County, and the other at 
Edwardsville. In 182."> there were but three 
Presbyterian ministers in Illinois — Revs. Stephen 
Bliss, John Brich and B. F. Spilman. Ten years 
later there were 80 churches, with a membership 
of 2,.500 and GO ministers. In 1880 the number of 
churches had increased to 487; but, in 1890, (as 
shown by the United States census) there were 
less. In the latter year there were 40.j ministers 
and 52,94.5 members. The Synod of Illinois is the 
highest ecclesiastical court of the denomination 
in the State, and, under its jurisdiction, the 
church maintains two seminaries; one (the Mc- 
Connick) at Chicago, and the other (the Black- 
burn Universit)-) at Carlinville. The organ of 
the denomination is "Tlie Interior," founded by 
Cyrus 11. McCormick, and published weekly at 
Chicago, with William C. Gray as editor. The 
Illinois Synod embraced witliin its jurisdiction 
(1895) eleven Presbyteries, to which were attached 
483 churches. 464 ministers and a membership of 
63,247. (See also Religious Denominations.) ■ 



PRICKETT, Abraham, pioneer merchant, was 
Viorn near Lexington, Ky. , came to Madison 
Count}-, III., in 1808; was employed for a time in 
the drug business in St. Louis, then opened a 
-store at Edwardsville, where, in 1813, he received 
from the first County Court of Mailison County, 
a license to retail merchandise. In 1818. he served 
as one of the three Delegates from Bladison 
County to the Convention which framed the first 
State Constitution, and, the same j-ear, was 
elected a Representative in the First General 
Assembly; was also Postmaster of the town of 
Edwardsville for a number of j-ears. In 182,5 he 
removed to Adams County and laid out an addi- 
tion to the city of Quincy; was al.so engaged 
there in trade with the Indians. In 1836, while 
engaged on a Government contract for the re- 
moval of snags and other obstructions to the navi- 
gation of Red River, he died at Natchitoches. La. 
— (icorge W. (Prickett) a son of the preceding, 
and afterwards a citizen of Chicago, is said to 
have been the first white child born in Edwards- 
ville.— Isaac (Prickett). a brother of Abraham, 
came to St. Louis in 181.5, and to Edwardsville in 
1818, where he was engaged in mercantile busi- 
ne.ss with his brother and, later, on his own 
account. He held the offices of Postmaster, Pub- 
lic Administrator, Quartermaster-General of 
State Militia, Inspector of the State Penitentiary, 
and, from 1838 to "42, was Receiver of Public 
Moneys at Edwardsville, dying in 1844. 

PRICKETT, David, pioneer lawyer, was born 
in Franklin County, Ga.. Sept. 21. 1800; in early 
childhood was taken by his parents to Kentucky 
and from there to Edwardsville, 111. lie gradu- 
ated from Transylvania University, and, in 1821, 
began the practice of law ; was the first Supreme 
Court Reporter of Illinois, Judge of the Madison 
County Probate Court, Representative in the 
General Assembly (1826 28), Aid-de-Camp to 
General Whiteside in the Black Hawk War, 
State's Attorney for Springfield Judicial Circuit 
(1837), Treasurer of the Board of Canal Commis- 
sioners (1840), Director of the State Bank of Illi- 
nois (1842), Clerk of the House of Representatives 
for ten sessions and Assistant Clerk of the same 
at the time of his death, March 1, 1847. 

PRINCE, David, physician and surgeon, was 
born in Brooklyne, Windham County, Conn., 
June 21, 1816; removed with his parents to 
Canandaigua, N. Y.. and was educated in the 
uca<leiny there; began the study of medicine in 
the College of Phj-sicians and Sui-geons in Xew 
York, finishing at the Ohio Medical College, Cin- 
cinnati, where he was associated, for a vear and a 



434 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



half, with the celebrated surgeon. Dr. Muzzy. In 
1843 he came to Jacksonville, 111,, and, for two 
years, was Professor of Anatomy in the Sledical 
Department of Illinois College; later, spent five 
years practicing in St. Louis, and lecturing on 
surgery in the St. Louis Medical College, when, 
returning to Jacksonville in 18.53, he established 
himself in practice there, devoting special atten- 
tion to surgery, in which he had already won a 
wide reputation. During the latter part of the 
Civil War he served, for fourteen months, as 
Brigade Surgeon in the Army of the Potomac, 
and, on tlie capture of a portion of his brigade, 
voluntarily surrendered himself that he might 
attend the captives of his command in Libby 
Prison. After the close of the war he was 
employed for some months, by the Sanitary Com- 
mission, in writing a medical history of the war. 
He visited Europe twice, first in 1881 as a dele- 
gate to the International Medical Congress in 
London, and again as a member of the Copen- 
hagen Congress of 1884 — at each visit making 
careful inspection of the hospitals in London, 
Paris, and Berlin. About 1867 he established a 
Sanitarium in Jacksonville for the treatment of 
surgical cases and chronic diseases, to which he 
gave the closing years of his life. Thoroughly 
devoted to his profession, liberal, public-spirited 
and sagacious in tjie adoption of new methods, he 
stood in the front rank of his profession, and his 
death was mourned by large numbers who had 
received the benefit of his ministrations without 
money and without price. He was member of 
a number of leading professional associations, 
besides local literary and social organizations. 
Died, at Jacksonville, Dec. 19, 1889. 

PRINCE, Edward, lawyer, was born at West 
Bloomfield, Ontario County, N. Y., Dec. 8, 1832; 
attended school at Payson, 111., and Illinois Col- 
lege, Jacksonville, graduating from the latter in 
1852; studied law at Quincy, and after admission 
to the bar in 1853, began dealing in real estate. 
In 1861 he offered his services to Governor Yates, 
was made Captain and Drill-master of cavalry 
and, a few months • later, commissioned Lieuten- 
ant-Colonel of the Seventh Illinois Cavalrj-, tak- 
ing part, as second in command, in the celebrated 
"Grierson raid" through Mississippi, in 1863, 
serving until discharged with the rank of Colonel 
of his regiment, in 1864. After the war he gave 
considerable attention to engineering and the 
construction of a system of water-works for the 
city of Quincy, where he now resides. 

PRINCE, George W., lawyer and Congressman, 
born in Tazewell County, 111., March 4, 1854; was 



educated in the public schools and at Knox Col- 
lege, graduating from the latter in 1878. He 
then studied law and was admitted to the bar in 
1880 ; was elected City Attorney of Galesburg the 
following year ; served as chairman of the Knox 
County Republican Central Committee in 1884, 
and, in 1888, was elected Representative in the 
General Assembly and re-elected two years later. 
In 1892 he was the Republican nominee for 
Attorney-General of the State of Illinois, but was 
defeated with the rest of the State ticket; at 
a special election, held in April, 1895. he was 
chosen Representative in Congress from the 
Tenth District to fill the vacancy caused by the 
death of Col. Philip Sidney Post, which had 
occurred in January preceding. In common with 
a majority of his colleagues, Mr. Prince was 
re-elected in 1896, receiving a plurality of nearly 
16,000 votes, and was elected for a third term in 
November, 1898. 

PRINCETON, a city and the county-seat of 
Bureau County, on the Chicago, Burlington & 
Quincy Railroad, 22 miles west-southwest of 
Mendota, and 104 miles west-southwest of Chi- 
cago; has a court house, gas-works, electric 
lights, graded and high schools, numerous 
churches, three newspapers and several banks. 
Coal is mined five miles east, and the manufac- 
tures include flour, carriages and farm imple- 
ments. Pop. (1890), 3,396; (1900), 4,023. Prince- 
ton is populated with one of the most intelligent 
and progressive communities in the State. It 
was the home of Owen Lovejoy during the greater 
part of his life in Illinois. 

PRINCETON & WESTERN RAILWAY. (See 
Chicago & Xorthwentcrn Railway.) 

PRINCEVILLE, a village of Peoria Coxmty, on 
the Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe and the Rock 
Island & Peoria Railways, 22 miles northwest of 
Peoria; is a trade center for a prosperous agricul- 
tural region. Population (1890), 641; (1900), 735 

PROPHETSTOWN, a town in Whiteside 
County, on Rock River and the Fulton Branch 
of the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy Railroad, 45 
miles northwest of Mendota; has some manu- 
factures, three banks and two newspapers. Pop. 
(1890), 694; (1900). 1,143. 

PROPORTIONAL REPRESENTATION. (See 
Minority Representation. ) 

PROTESTANT EPISCOPAL CHURCH. The 
pioneer Episcopal clergyman in this State was the 
Rt. Rev. Philander Chase, who was made Bishop 
of Illinois in 1885, and was the founder of Jubi- 
lee CoUege. (See Chase. Rer. Philander.) The 
State at present is organized under the provincial 



IIISTOKICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



435 



system, the province comprising tlie dioceses of 
Chicago, Quincy and Spriuglield. At its head 
(1898) is the Rt. Rev. William E. McLaren. Bishop 
of Chicago. Rev. George F, Seymour of Spring- 
Held is Bishop of the Springfield Diocese, with 
C. R. Hale, Coadjutor at Cairo, and Rev. Alex- 
ander Burge.ss, Bishop of the Quincy Dioce.se, with 
residence at Peoria. The numerical strength of 
the church in Illinois is not great, although 
between 1880 and 1890 its membership was almost 
doubled. In 1840 there were but eighteen 
parishes, with thirteen clergymen and a member- 
ship of 267. By 1880 the number of parishes had 
increased to 89. there being 127 ministers and 
9,842 communicants. The United States Census 
of 1890 showed the following figures; Parishes, 
197; clergj-men, 1-iO, membership, 18,009. Total 
contributions (1890) for general church and mis- 
sion work, $373,798. The chief educational insti- 
tution of the denomination in the West is the 
Western Theological Seminary at Chicago. (See 
also Religions Dettominations.) 

PRTOR, Joseph Everett, pioneer and early 
.steamboat captain. w;us l«irn in Virginia, .Vugust 
10. 1787 — the .son of a noii commissioned oflicer of 
the Revolution, who emigrated to Kentucky about 
1790 and settled near Louisville, which was then 
a fort with some twenty log cabins. In 1813 the 
son located where Colconda, Pojw County, now 
stands, and early in life adopted the calling of a 
boatman, which he pursued some forty years. 
At this time he held a commission as a "Falls 
Pilot," a;id piloted the first steamer that ascended 
the Ohio River from New Orleans. During his 
long .service no accident- hajjpened to any steamer 
for which he was responsible, although the Jlis- 
sissippi then bristled with snags. He owned and 
commanded the steamer Telegraph, which was 
sunk, in 1835, bj- collision with the Duke of 
Orleans on the Mississijipi, but, owing to his pres- 
ence of mind and the good discipline of his crew, 
no lives were lost. The salient features of his 
character were a Iwundless l)enevolence mani- 
fested to others, and his dauntless courage, dis- 
played not only in the face of dangers met in his 
career as a boatman, but in his encounters with 
robbers who then infested portions of Southern 
Illinois. He had a reputation as a skillful pilot 
and popular commander not excelled by any of 
his contemporaries. He died, at his home in Pope 
County, Oct. 5, IS.ll, leaving one daughter, now 
Mrs. Cornelia P. Bozmnn. of Cairo, 111. 

PIBLIC INSTRUCTION, SUPERINTEXD- 
ENTS OF. (See Superiritendents of Public 
Instruction.) 



PUGH, Isaac C, soldier, was born in Christian 
County, Ky., Nov. 23, 1805; came to Illinois, in 
1821, with his father, who first settled in Shelby 
Countj', but, in 1829, removed to Macon County, 
where the subject of this sketch resided until his 
death, at Decatur, Nov. 14, 1874. General Pugh 
.served in three wars — first in the Black Hawk 
War of 1832 ; then, with the rank of Captain and 
Field OflRcer in the Fourth Regiment Illinois 
Volunteers (Col. E. D. Baker's) in the war with 
Mexico, and, during the Civil War, entering upon 
the latter as Colonel of the Forty-first Illinois 
Volunteer Infantry, in September, 1861. and 
being mustered out with the rank of full Briga- 
dier-General in August, 1864, when his regiment 
was consolidated with the Fifty-third. He took 
part with his regiment in the battles of Fort 
Donelson and Shiloh, and in the operations 
around Vicksburg, being wounded at the latter. 
In the year of his retirement from the army 
(1864) he was elected a Representative in tlie 
Twenty-fourth General Assenil)ly, and, the fol- 
lowing year, was chosen County-Clerk of Macon 
County, serving four years. 

PUGH, Jonathan H., i)ioneer lawyer, was born 
in Bath County, Ky., came lo Bond County, 111., 
finaUy locating at Springfield in 1823, and being 
the second lawyer to establish himself in practice 
in that city. He served in the Third, Fifth, 
Sixth and Seventh General As.semblies, and was 
defeated for Congress bj- Joseph Duncan (after- 
wards Governor), iu 1831. Died, in 1833. Mr. 
Pugh is described by his contemporarias as a man 
of brilliant parts, an able lawyer and a great wit. 

PUL.\SKI COUXTY, an extreme southern 
county and one of the smallest in the State, 
bordering on the Ohio River and having an area 
of 190 square miles and a popvilation (1900). of 
14,554. It was cut off from Alexander County in 
1843, and named in honor of a Polish patriot who 
had aided the Americans during the Revolution. 
The soil is generally rich, and the surface varied 
with much low land along the Cache and the Ohio 
Rivers. Wheat, corn and fruit are the principal 
crops, while considerable timber is cut upon the 
bottom lands. Mound City is the county-seat 
and was conceded a population, by the census of 
1890, of 2,550. Only the lowest, barren portion of 
the carboniferous formation extends under the 
soil, the coal measures being absent. Traces of 
iron have been found and sulphur and copperas 
springs abound. 

PULLMAN, a former suburb (now a part of 
the South Division) of the city of Chicago. 13.8 
miles south of the initial station of the Illinois 



4;jG 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



Central Railroad. The Pullman Palace Car Com- 
pany began the erection of buildings here in 1880. 
and, on the 1st of January, 1881, the first family 
settled in the future manufacturing city. Within 
the next few j'ears, it became the center of the 
largest manufacturing establishments in the 
country, including the Pullman Car Works, the 
Allen Paper Car Wheel Works and extensive 
steel forging works, employing thousands of 
mechanics. Large numbers of sleeping and din- 
ing cars, besides ordinary passenger coaches and 
freight cars, were manufactured here every year, 
not only for use on the railroads of the United 
States, but fur foreign countries as well. The 
town was named for the late George M. Pullman, 
the founder of the oar-works, and was regarded 
as a model city, made up of comfortable homes 
erected by the Palace Car Company for the use of 
its employes. It was well supplied with school- 
houses, and churches, and a public library was 
established there and opened to the public in 
1883, The town was annexed to the city of Chi- 
cago in 1890. 

PULLMAN, George Mortimer, founder of the 
Pullman Palace Car Company, was born at Broc- 
ton, N, Y., March 3, 1831, enjoyed ordinary edu- 
cational advantages in his boyhood and, at 
fourteen years of age, obtained employment as a 
clerk, but a year later joined his brother in the 
cabinet-making business at Albion. His father, 
who was a house-builder and house-mover, hav- 
ing died in 1853, young Pullman assumed the 
responsibility of caring for the family and, hav- 
ing secured a contract for raising a number of 
buildings along the Erie Canal, made necessary 
by the enlargement of that thoroughfare, in this 
way acquired some capital and experience which 
was most valuable to him in after years. Com- 
ing to Chicago in 1859, when the work of raising 
the grade of the streets in the business jjortion of 
the city had been in progress for a year or two, 
he found a new field for the exercise of his 
inventive skill, achieving some marvelous trans- 
formations in a number of the principal business 
blocks in that part of the city. As early as 1858, 
Mr. Pullman had had his attention tui'ned to 
devising some means for increasing the comforts 
of night-travel upon railways, and, in 1859, he 
remodeled two old day-coaches into a species of 
sleeping-cars, which were used upon the Alton 
Road. From 1860 to 1803 he spent in Colorado 
devoting his engineering skill to mining: but 
returning to Cliicago the latter year, entered 
upon his great work of developing the idea of the 
sleeping-car into practical reality. The first 



car was completed and received the name of the 
"Pioneer." This car constituted a part of the 
funeral train which took the remains of Abraham 
Lincoln to Springfield. 111., after his assassination 
in April, 1865. The development of the "Pull- 
man palace sleeping-car," the invention of the 
dining-car, and of vestibule trains, and the build- 
ing up of the great industrial town which bears 
his name, and is now a part of the city of Chi- 
cago, constituted a work of gradual development 
which resulted in some of the most remarkable 
achievements in the history of the nineteenth 
century, both in a business sense and in promot- 
ing the comfort and safety of the traveling pub- 
lic, as well as in bettering the conditions of 
workiugmen. He lived to see the results of his 
inventive genius and manufacturing skill in use 
upon the principal railroads of the United States 
and introduced upon a number of important lines 
in Europe also. Mr. Pullman was identified with 
a number of other enterprises more or less closely 
related to the transportation business, but the 
Pullman Palace Car Company was the one with 
which he was most closely connected, and by 
which he will be longest remembered. He was 
also associated with some of the leading educa- 
tional and benevolent enterprises about the city 
of Chicago, to which he contributed in a liberal 
manner during his life and in his will. His 
death occurred suddenly, from heart disease, at 
his home in Chicago, Oct. 19, 1897. 

PURPLE, Norman H.. lawyer and jurist, was 
born in Litchfield County, Conn., read law and 
was admitted to the bar in Tioga County, Pa., 
settled at Peoria, 111., in 1836, and the following 
year was appointed Prosecuting Attorney for the 
Ninth Judicial District, which then embraced 
the greater portion of the State east of Peoria. 
In 1844 he was a Presidential Elector, and, in 
1845, Governor Ford appointed him a Justice of 
the Supreme Court, vice Jesse B. Thomas, Jr., 
who had resigned. As required by law, he at the 
same time served as Circuit Judge, his district 
embracing all the counties west of Peoria, and 
his home being at Quincy. After the adoption of 
the Constitution of 1848 he returned to Peoria and 
resumed practice. He compiled the Illinois 
Statutes relating to real property, and, in 1857, 
made a compilation of the general laws, gener- 
ally kno^vn to the legal profession as the "Purple 
Statutes." He subsequently undertook to com- 
pile and arrange the laws passed from 1857 to '63. 
and was engaged on this work when overtaken 
by death, at Chicago, Aug 9, 1863. He was a 
member of the Constitutional Convention of 1862, 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



437 



and. during the last ten years of his life, promi- 
nent at the Chicago bar. 

PIITEKBAU<;H, Snbin D., ju.lge and author, 
was born in Miami County. Ohio, Sept. 28, 18;5-1: 
at 8 years of age removed with his parents to Taze- 
well County, 111; settled in Pekin in 1853, where 
he read law, and was admitted to the bar in 18."iO. 
At the outbreak of the rebellion he was oomniis- 
sioned, by (Jovernor Yates, Major of the Eleventh 
Illinois Cavalry, and took part in numerous 
engagements in Western Tennessee and Missis- 
sippi, imduding the battles of Shiloh and Corinth. 
Resigning his commission in 18G'.J, he took up his 
residence at Peoria, where he resumed practice 
and began the preparation of his first legal work 
— "Common Law Pleading and Practice." In 
1804 he formed ii partnership with Col. Robert G. 
Ingersoll. which continued until 18(!T, when Mr. 
Puterbaugh was elected Circuit Court Judge. 
He retired from the bench in 1873 to resume i>ri- 
vate practice and pursue his work as an autlior. 
His first work, having already run through three 
editions, was followed by "Puterbaugh'.s Chan- 
cery Pleading and Practice," the first edition of 
which appeared in 1874, and "Michigan Chancery 
Practice," which appeared in 1881. In 1880 he 
was chosen Presidential Elector on the Republi- 
can ticket. Died, Sept. 25, 1892. Leslio I). 
(Puterbaugh), a son of Judge Puterbaugh, is 
Ju<lKe of the Circuit Court of the Peoria Circuit. 

PUTNAM COl'XTY, the smallest county in the 
State, both as to area and population, containing 
only 170 square miles; population (I'JOO), 4,740. 
It lies near the center of the north half of the 
State, and was named in honor of Gen. Israel 
Putnam. The first American to erect a cabin 
within its limits was Gurdou S. Hubbard, who 
was in business there, as a fur-trader, as early as 
1825, but afterwards became a prominent citizen 
of Chicago. The county was created by act of 
the Legislature in 1825, although a local govern- 
ment was not organized until some years later. 
Since that date, Bureau, Marshall and Stark 
Counties have been erected therefrom. It is 
crossed and draine<l by the Illinois River. The 
surface is moderately undulating and the soil 
fertile. Corn is the chief staple, although wheat 
and oats are extensively cultivated. Coal is 
mined and exported. Hennepin is the county- 
seat. 

QUINCY, the principal city of Western Illinois, 
and the county-seat of Adams County. It was 
founded in 1822— the late Gov. John Wood erect- 
ing the first log-cabin there— and was incorporated 



in 1 839. Tlie site is naturally one of the most beauti- 
ful in tlie State, the principal part of the city being 
built on a limestone bluff having an elevation 
of 125 to 150 feet, and overlooking the Mis.sissippi 
for a long distance. Its location is 112 miles west 
of Springfield and 264 miles southwe.st of Chi- 
cago. Besides being a principal shipping point 
for the river trade north of St. Louis, it is the 
converging point of several important railway 
lines, including the Wabash, four branches of the 
Chicago. Burlington & Quincy, and the Quincy, 
Omaha & Kansas City, giving east and west, as 
well as north and south, connections. At the 
present time (1904) several important lines, or 
extensions of railroads already constructed, are in 
contemplation, which, when completed, will add 
largelj- to the commercial importance of the city. 
The city is regularly laid out, the streets inter- 
secting each other at right angles, and being 
lighted with gas and electricity. Water is 
obtained from the Mississippi. There are several 
electric railway lines, four publii- parks, a fine 
railway bridge across the Mississijjiii. to which a 
wagon bridge has been added within the past two 
years ; two fine railway depots, and several elegant 
public buildings, including a handsome county 
court-house, a Government building for the use 
of the Post-office and the United States District 
Court. The Illinois Soldiers' and Sailors' Home 
is located here, embracing a large group of cot- 
tages occupied by veterans of the Civil War, 
besides hospital and administration buildings for 
the use of the officers. The city has more tlian 
thirty churches, three libraries (one free-public 
and two college), with ex(!ellent schools and 
other educational advantages. Among the 
higher institutions of learning are the Chaddock 
College (Methodist Episcopal) and the St. Francis 
Solanus College (Roman Catholic). There are 
two or three national banks, a State bank with a 
capital of .?300,000, beside two private banks, four 
or live daily papers, with several weeklj- and one 
or two monthly publications. Its advantages as a 
shipping point by river and railroad have made it 
one of the most important manufacturing cen- 
ters west of Chicago. The census of 1890 showed 
a total of 374 manufacturing establishments, 
having an aggregate cajiital of $6, 187,845. employ- 
ing 5.0.58 persons, and turning out an annual 
product valued at §10,160.492. The co.st of 
material used was §5,597,990, and the wages paid 
§2,383,571. Tlie number of different industries 
reported aggregated seventy-six, the more impor- 
tant being foundries, carriage and wagon fac- 
tories, agricultural implement works, cigar and 



438 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



tobacco factories, flour-mills, breweries, brick- 
yards, lime works, saddle and harness shops, 
paper mills, furniture factories, organ works, and 
artificial-ice factories. Population (1880), 27,268; 
(1800), 31,494; (1900), 3fi,2.'i2. 

QUINCY, ALTON & ST. LOlIS RAILROAD. 
(See Chicago, Burlington d- Quinci/ Eailroad.) 

QUIjVCY k CHICAUO RAILROAD. (See Chi- 
cago. Burlington & Quiiicy Eailroad.) 

QUINCY & TOLEDO RAILROAD. (See 
Wabash RaiJroad.) 

QUINCY & WARSAW RAILROAD. (See 
Chicago, Burlington cV' Quincy Railroad.) 

RAAB, Henry, ex-State Superintendent of 
Public Instruction, was born in Wetzlar, Rhen- 
ish Prussia, June 20, 1837; learned the trade of a 
currier with his father and came to the United 
States in 18.53, finally locating at Belleville, 111., 
where, in 1857, he became a teacher in the pub- 
lic schools; in 1873 was made Superintendent of 
schools for that city, and, in 1882, was elected 
State Superintendent of Public Instruction on 
the Democratic ticket, declined a renomination 
in 1886; was nominated a second time in 1890, 
and re-elected, Init defeated by S. M. Inglis in 
1894, In the administration of his office, Pro- 
fessor Eaab showed a commendable freedom from 
partisanship. After retiring from the office of 
State Superintendent, he resumed a position in 
connection with the public schools of Belleville. 

RADISSON, Pierre Esprit, an early French 
traveler and trader, who is said to have reached 
the Upper Mississippi on his third voyage to the 
West in 1658-59. The period of his explorations 
extended from 1652 to 1684, of which he prepared 
a narrative which was published by the Prince 
Society of Boston in 1885, under the title of 
"Radisson's Voyages." He and his brother-in- 
law, Medard Chouart, first conceived the idea of 
planting a settlement at Hudson's Bay. (See 
Chouart. Medard.) 

RAILROAD AND WAREHOUSE COMMIS- 
SION, a Board of three Commissioners, appointed 
by the executive ( by and with the advice and con- 
sent of the Senate), luider authority of an act ap- 
proved, April 13, 1871, for the enforcement of the 
provisions of the Constitution and laws in relation 
to railroads and warehouses. The Commission's 
powers are partly judicial, partly executive. The 
following is a summary of its powers and duties: 
To establish a schedule of maximum rates, equi- 
table to shipper and carrier alike; to require 
yearly reports from railroads and warehouses; 
to hear and pass upon complaints of extortion and 



unjust discrimination, and (if necessary) enforce 
prosecutions therefor; to secure the safe condi- 
tion of railway road-beds, bridges and trestles; to 
hear and decide all manner of complaints relative 
to intersections and to protect grade- c rossings ; 
to insure the adoption of a safe interlocking sys- 
tem, to be approved by the Commission ; to 
enforce proper rules for the inspection and regis- 
tration of grain throughout the State. The prin- 
cipal offices of the Commission are at the State 
capital, where monthly sessions are held. For 
the purpose of properly conducting the grain 
inspection department, monthly meetings are 
also held at Chicago, where the offices of a Grain 
Inspector, appointed by the Board, are located. 
Here all business relating to this department is 
discussed and necessary special meetings are 
held. The inspection department has no revenue 
outside of fees, but the latter are ample for its 
maintenance. Fees for inspection on arrival 
("inspection in"') are twenty-five cents per car- 
load, ten cents per wagon-load, and fortj' cents 
jier 1,000 bushels from canal-boat or vessels. For 
inspection from store ("inspected out") the fees 
are fifty cents per 1,000 bushels to vessels; 
thirty-five cents per car-load, and ten cents per 
wagon-load to teams. While there are never 
wanting some cases of friction between the trans- 
portation companies and warehousemen on the 
one hand, and the Commission on the other, 
there can be no question that the formation of 
the latter has been of great value to the receiv- 
ers, shippers, forwarders and tax-payers of the 
State generally. Similar regulations in regard to 
the inspection of grain in warehouses, at East St. 
Louis and Peoria, are also in force. The first 
Board, created under the act of 1871, consisted of 
Gustavus Koerner, Richard P. Morgan and David 
S. Hammond, holding office until 1873. Other 
Boards have been as follows: 1873-77 — Henry D. 
Cook (deceased 1873, and succeeded by James 
Steele), David A. Brown and John M. Pearson; 
1877-83— William M. Smith, George M. Bogue and 
John H. Oberly (retired 1881 and succeeded by 
William H. Robinson) ; 1883-85— Wm. N. Brain- 
ard, E. C. Lewis and Charles T. Stratton; 1885-89 
— John I. Rinaker, Benjamin F. Marsh and Wm. T. 
Johnson (retired in 1887 and succeeded by Jason 
Rogers); 1889-93— John R. Wheeler, Isaac N. 
Phillips and W. S. Crim (succeeded, 1891, by John 
R. Tanner) ; 1893-97— W. S. Cantrell, Thomas F. 
Gahan and Charles F. Lape (succeeded, 1895, by 
George W. Fithian) ; 1897-99— Cicero J. Lindley, 
Charles S. Rannells and James E.' Bidwell. (See 
also Grain Inspection. ) 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



439 



RAILROADS (I> GEXERAL), The existing 
railroad system of Illinois had its inception in the 
mania for internal improvement whicli swept 
over the country in 1836-37, tlie basis of tlie plan 
adopted in Illinois (as in the Eastern States) being 
that tlie State should construct, maintain, own 
and operate an elaborate system. Lines were to 
be constructed from Cairo to (Jalena, from Alton 
to Mount Carmel, from Peoria to Warsaw, from 
Alton to the Central Raih-oad, from Belleville 
to Mount Carmel. from BloomiuKton to Mack- 
inaw Town, and from Meredosia to Springfield. 
The experiment proved extremely unfortunate 
to the financial interests of the State, and laid the 
foundation of an immense debt under which it 
staggered for many years. The Northern Cross 
Railroad, extending from Meredosia to Spring- 
field, was the only one so far completed as to be in 
operation. It was sold, in 1847, to Nicholas H. 
Ridgely. of Springfield for 521,100, he being the 
highest bidder. This line formed a nucleus of 
the existing Wabash system. The first road to 
be operated by private parties (outside of a prim- 
itive tramway in St. Clair County, designed for 
the transportat ion of coal to St. Louis) was the 
Galena & Chicago Union, chartered in 1836. This 
was the second line completed in tlie State, and 
the first to run from Chicago. The subsenuent 
development of the railway system of Illinois 
was at first gradual, then steady and finally 
rapid. A succinct description of the various 
lines now in operation in the State may be found 
vmder appropriate headings. At present Illinois 
leads all the States of the Union in the extent of 
railways in operation, the total mileage (1897) of 
main track being 10,785.43 — or 19 miles for each 
100 scpiarc miles of territory and 25 miles for each 
10,000 inhabitants — estimating the jjopulation 
(1898) at four and a (niarter millions. Every one 
of the 103 counties of tlie State is traversed by at 
least one railroatl except tliree — Calhoun, Hardin 
and Pope. The entire capitalization of the 111 
companies doing business in the State in 1896, 
(including capital stock, funded debt and current 
liabilities), was §2.609. 104. 142— c.iual to §07..'").")0 
jjer mile. In \>^'M, fifteen owned and ten leased 
lines paid dividends of from four to eight per 
cent on common, and from four to ten ])er cent 
on preferred, stock — the total amount thus pjiid 
aggreg-ating S2.">,321,7.")2. The total earnings and 
income, in Illinois, of all lines operated in the 
State, aggregated $77,508,537, while the total 
exi)enditure within the State was .?71, 463,367. 
Of the .58,263,860 tons of freight carried, 11,611,- 
7ns were of agricultural products and 17,179,366 



mineral products. The number of passengers 
(earning revenue) carried during the year, was 
83,281,655. The total number of railroad em- 
ployes (of all classes) was 61,200. The entire 
amount of taxes paid by railroad companies for 
the year was §3,846,379. From 1836, when the 
first special charter was granted for the con- 
struction of a railroad in Illinois, until 18G9 — 
after which all corporations of this character 
came under the general incorporation laws of the 
State in accordance with the Constitution of 1870 
— 293 special charters for tlie construction of 
raib-oads were granted bj- the Legislature, besides 
numerous amendments of charters already in 
existence. (For the history of important indi- 
vidual lines see each road under its corporate 
name. ) 

RALSTOX, Virgil Toim^, editor and soldier, 
was born, July 16, 1828, at Vanceburg, Ky. ; was 
a student in Illinois College one year (1846-47), 
after which he studied law in (^uincy and prac- 
ticed for a time ; also resided some time in Cali- 
fornia; 1855-57 was one of the editors of "The 
Quincy Wliig,"' and represented that paper in the 
Editorial Convention at Decatur, Feb. 22, 1856. 
(See Anti-Nebraska Editorial Convention.) In 
1861, he was commissioned a Captain in the Six- 
teenth Illinois Volunteers, but soon resigned on 
account of ill-health; later, enli.sted in an Iowa 
regiment, but died in hospital at St. Louis, from 
woun<ls and exposure, April 19, 1864. 

RAMSAY, Rufus X., State Treasurer, was born 
on a farm in Clinton County, 111., May 20, 1838; 
received a collegiate education at Illinois and 
McKendree Colleges, and at Indiana State Uni- 
versity ; studied law with ex-Gov. A. C. French, 
and was admitted to the bar in 1865, but soon 
abandoned tlie law for banking, in which he was 
engaged both at Lebanon and Carlyle, limiting 
his business to the latter place about 1890. lie 
served one term (from 1865) as County Clerk, and 
two terms (1889 and "91) as Representative in the 
General Assembly, and. in 1892, was nominated 
as a Democrat and elected State Treasurer. Died 
in oflice. at Carlyle. Nov. 11. 1894. 

RAMSEY, a village of Fayette County, at the 
intersection of the Illinois Central and the Toledo, 
St. Louis & Western Railroads, 12 miles north of 
Vandalia; the district is agricultural; has one 
newspaper. Pop. (1890), .598; (1900), 747. 

RANDOLPH COl'MY, lies in the southwest 
section of the State, and borders on the Missis- 
sippi River; area 560 square miles; named for 
Beverly Randolph. It was set off from St. Clair 
County in 1795, being the second county organ- 



440 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



ized in the territory which now constitutes the 
State of Illinois. From the earliest period of Illi- 
nois history, Randolph County has been a pivotal 
point. In the autumn of 1700 a French and 
Indian settlement was established at Kaskaskia, 
which subsequently became the center of French 
influence in the Mississippi Vallej'. In 1723 
Prairie du Rocher was founded by the French. 
It was in Randolph County that Fort Chartres 
was built, in 1720, and it was here that Col. 
George Rogers Clark's expedition for the seizure 
of the "Illinois Country" met with success in the 
capture of Kaskaskia. American immigration 
began with the close of the Revolutionary War. 
Among the early settlers were the Cranes (Icha- 
bod and George). Gen. John Edgar, the Dodge 
family, the MorrLsons, and John Rice Jones. 
Toward the close of the century came Shadrach 
Bond (afterwards the first Governor of the State) 
with his uncle of the same name, and the 
Menards (Pierre and Hippolyte), the first of 
whom subsequently became Lieutenant-Gov- 
ernor. (See Bond, Shadrach; Menard, Pierre.) 
In outline, Randolph County is triangular, while 
its surface is diversified. Timber and building 
.stone are abundant, and coal underlies a consid- 
erable area. Chester, the county-seat, a city of 
3,000 inhabitants, is a place of considerable trade 
and the seat of the Southern Illinois Penitentiary. 
The county is crossed by several railroad lines, 
and transportation facilities are excellent. Pop- 
ulation (1890), 2.5,049; (1900), 28,001. 

RAKSOM,((Jeii.) Thomas Edward (Jreenfleld, 
soldier, was born at Norwich, Vt., Nov. 29, 1834; 
educated at Norwich University, an institution 
under charge of his fatlier, who was later an 
officer of the Mexican War and killed at Chapul- 
tepec. Having learned civil engineering, he 
entered on his profession at Peru, 111., in 1851; 
in 1855 became a member of the real-estate firm 
of A. J. Galloway & Co., Chicago, soon after 
removing to Fayette County, where he acted as 
agent of the Illinois Central Railroad. Under 
the first call for volunteers, in April, 1861, he 
organized a company, which having been incor- 
porated in the Eleventh Illinois, he was elected 
Major, and, on the reorganization of the regiment 
for the three-years' service, was commissioned 
Lieutenant-Colonel, in this capacity having com- 
mand of his regiment at Fort Donelson, where he 
was severely wounded and won deserved pro- 
motion to a colonelcy, as successor to Gen. W. H. 
L. Wallace, afterwards killed at Shiloh. Here 
Colonel Ransom again distinguished himself by 
his bravery; and though again wounded while 



leading liis regiment, remained in command 
through the day. His service was recognized by 
promotion as Brigadier - General. He bore a 
prominent part in the siege of Vicksburg and in 
the Red River campaign, and, later, commanded 
the Seventh Army Corps in the operations about 
Atlanta, but finally fell a victim to disease and 
his numerous wounds, dying in Chicago, Oct. 29, 
1864, having previously received the brevet rank 
of Major-General. General Ransom was con- 
fessedly one of the most brilliant officers contrib- 
uted by Illinois to the War for the Union, and 
was pronounced, by both Grant and Shei'man, one 
of the ablest volunteer generals in their com- 
mands. 

RANTOUL, a city in Champaign County, at 
the junction of the main line of the Illinois Cen- 
tral Railroad, with its West Lebanon and Leroy 
branch, 14 miles north-northeast of Champaign 
and 114 miles south by west of Chicago. It has 
a national bank, seven churches, opera house, 
graded school, two weekl}- papers, machine shops, 
flouring and flax mills, tile factories, and many 
handsome re.sidences. Pop. (1900), 1,207. 

U.\SLE, Sebastian, a Jesuit missionary, born 
in France, in 1658; at his own request was 
attached to the French missions in Canada in 
1689, and, about 1691 or '93, was sent to the Illi- 
nois Country, where he labored for two years, 
traveling much and making a careful study of 
the Indian dialects. He left many manuscripts 
descriptive of his journeyings and of the mode of 
life and character of the aborigines. From Illi- 
nois he was transferred to Norridgewock, Maine, 
where he prepared a dictionary of the Abenaki 
language in three volumes, which is now pre- 
served in the library of Harvard College. His 
influence over his Indian parishioners was great, 
and his use of it, during the French and Indian 
War, so incensed the English colonists in Massa- 
chusetts that the Governor set a price upon his 
head. On August 12, 1724, he was slain, with 
seven Indian chiefs who were seeking to aid his 
escape, during a night attack upon Norridge- 
wock by a force of English soldiers from Fort 
Richmond, his mutilated bodj- being interred the 
next day by the Indians. In 1833, the citizens of 
Norridgewock erected a monument to his mem- 
ory on the spot where he fell. 

RASTER, Herman, journalist, was born in Ger- 
many in 1828; entered journalism and came to 
America in 1851, being employed on German 
papers in Buffalo and New York City ; in 1867 
accepted the position of editor-in-chief of "The 
Chicago Staats Zeitung," which he continued to 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



441 



lill until June, 1890, when he went to Europe for 
tlif benefit ot his health, dj-ing at Dresden, July 
24. isyi. While .employed on papers in this 
country during the Civil War. he acted as the 
American correspondent of papers at Berlin. 
Bremen, Vienna, and other cities of Central 
Europe. He served as delegate to both State and 
National Conventions of tlie Republican party, 
and, in 18tli), received from President Grant the 
appointment of Collector of Internal Kevenue for 
the Cliicago District, but, during the later years 
of his life, cooperated with the Democratic 
party. 

K.VrC'H, John Henry, physician and sanitary 
expert. l)<>rn in Lebancm. Pa., Sept. 4, 1828, and 
graduated in medicine at the University of Penn- 
sylvania, in 1849. The following year he removed 
to Iowa, settling at Burlington. He was an 
active member of the Iowa Slate Medical Society, 
and, in 18.51, prepared and published a "Report 
on the Medical and Economic Botany of Iowa," 
and, later, made a collection of ichthyologic 
remains of the Upper Mississippi and Mis.souri for 
Professor Agassiz. Froixi 18.57 to 1800 he filled 
the chair of Materia Medica and Medical Botany 
at Rush Medical College, Chicago, occupying the 
.same position in 1859 in the Chicago College of 
Pharmacy, of which he was one of the organ- 
izers. During the Civil War he served, until 
1864, as Assistant Medical Director, first in the 
Army of the Potomac, and later in Louisiana, 
being brevetted Lieutenant-Colonel at the close of 
the struggle. Returning to Chicago, he aided in 
reorganizing the city's health service, and. in 
18t)7, was appointed a member of the new Board 
of Health and Sanitary Inspector, serving until 
1876. The latter year he was chosen President of 
the American Public Health Association, and, 
in 1877, a member of the newly created State 
Board of Health of Illinois, and elected its first 
President. Later, he became Secretary, and con- 
tinued in that office during his connection with 
the Board. In 1878-T9 he devoted much attention 
to the yellow-fever epidemic, and was instru- 
mental in the formation of the Sanitary Council 
of the .Mississipjii, and in securing the adoption 
of a system of river inspection by the National 
Boiird of Health. He was a member of many 
scientific bodies, and the author of numerous 
monographs and printed ad<Iresses. chiefly in the 
domain of siinitary science and preventive nied- 
icnie. .\mong them may l)e noticed "Intra- 
mural Interments and Their Influence on Health 
and Epidemics." "Sanitary Problems of Chi- 
cago. " "Prevention of Asiatic Cholera in North 



America," and a series of reiwrts as Secretary of 
the State Board of Health. Died, at Lebanon, 
Pa., March 24, 1894. 

RAUM, ((ien.) (lireen Berry, soldier and author, 
was born at (iolconda. Pope County. Ill . Dec. :i. 
1829, studied law and was admitted to the bar in 
IS.jS, but. three years later, removed with his 
family to Kansas. His Free-State proclivities 
rendering him obnoxious to the pro-slavery party 
there, he returned to Illinois in 1857, settling at 
Harrisburg, Saline County. Early in the Civil 
War he was commissioned a Major in the Fifty- 
si.xth Illinois Volunteers, was sub.sequently pro- 
moted to a Lieutenant-Colonelc}', and. later, 
advanced to a Brigadier-Generalship, resigning 
his commission at tlie close of the war (May (i, 
18G5). He was with Rosecrans in the Mississippi 
campaign of 1862, took a conspicuous part in the 
battle of Corinth, participated in the siege of 
Vicksburg and was wounded at Missionary Ridge. 
He also rendered valuable service during the 
Atlanta campaign, keeping lines of comnumi- 
cation open, re-enforcing Re.saca and repulsing an 
attack by General Hood. He was with Sherman 
in the "March to the Sea," and with Hancock, in 
the Shenandoah Valley, when the war closed. In 
1866 General Raum became President of the pro- 
jected Cairo & Viucennes Railroad, an enterprise 
of which he had been an active promoter. He 
was elected to Congress in 1866 from the South- 
ern Illinois District (then the Thirteenth), serv- 
ing one term, and the same year presided over the 
Republican State Convention, as he did again in 
1876 and in 1880 — was also a delegate to tlie 
National Conventions at Cincinnati and Chicago 
the last two years just mentioned. From .-Vugust 
2, 1876. to May 31, 1883, General Raum served as 
Commissioner of Internal Revenue at Washing- 
ton, in that time having superintended the col- 
lection of §800,000,000 of revenue, and the 
disbursement of §30.000,000. After retiring from 
the Commissionership, he resumed the practice 
of law in Washington. In 1889 he was appointed 
Commissioner of Pensions, remaining to the 
close of President HaiTison's administration, 
when he removed to Chicago and again engaged 
in practice. During the various political cam- 
paigns of the past thirty years, his services have 
been in frequent request as a campaign speaker, 
and he has canvas.sed a number of States in the 
interest of the Republican party. Besides his 
official reports, he is author of "The F'.xisting 
Conflict Between Republican Government and 
Southern Oligarchy" (Washington, 1884), and a 
number of magazine articles. 



442 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



RAUM, John, pioneer and early legislator, was 
born in Hunimelstown. Pa., July 14, 1793, and 
died at Golconda, 111., March 14, 1869. Having 
received a liberal education in his native State, 
the subject of this sketch settled at Shawneetown. 
111., in 1823, but removed to Golconda, Pope 
County, in 1826. He had previousl}' served three 
years in the War of 1812, as First Lieutenant of 
the Sixteenth Infantry, and, while a resident of 
Illinois, served in the Black Hawk War of 1832 as 
Brigade Major. He was also elected Senator 
from the District composed of Pope and Johnson 
Counties in the Eighth General Assembly (1833), 
as successor to Samuel Alexander, who had 
resigned. The following year lie was appointed 
Clerk of the Circuit Court of Pope County, and 
was also elected Clerk of the County Court the 
same year, holding both offices for many years, 
and retaining the County Clerkship up to his 
death, a period of thirt3'-five years. He was 
married March 22, 1827, to Juliet C. Field, and 
was father of Brig. -Gen. Green B. Raum, and 
Maj. John M. Raum, both of whom served in the 
volunteer array from Illinois during the Civil 
War. 

RAWLINS, John Aaron, soldier. Secretary of 
War, was born at East Galena, Feb. 13, 1831, the 
son of a small farmer, who was also a charcoal- 
burner. The son, after irregular attendance on 
the district schools and a year passed at Mount 
Morris Academy, began tlie studj' of law. He 
was admitted to the bar at Galena in 18.54, and at 
once began practice. In 1857 he was elected City 
Attorney of Galena, and nominated on the Doug- 
las electoral ticket in 1860. At the outbreak of 
the Civil War he favored, and publiclj' advocated , 
coercive measures, and it is said that it was 
partly through his influence that General Grant 
early tendered his services to the Government. 
He served on the staff of the latter from the time 
General Grant was given command of a brigade 
until the close of the war, most of the time being 
its chief, and rising in rank, step by step, until, 
in 1863, he became a Brigadier-General, and, in 
1865, a Major-General. His long service on the 
staff of General Grant indicates the estimation 
in which he was held by his chief. Promptly on 
the assumption of the Presidency by General 
Grant, in March, 1869, he was appointed Secre- 
tary of War, but consumption had already 
obtained a hold upon his constitution, and he sur- 
vived only six months, dying in office, Sept. 6, 
1869. 

RAY, Charles H., journalist, was born at Nor- 
wich, Chenango County, N. Y., March 12, 1821; 



came west in 1843, studied medicine and began 
practice at Muscatine, Iowa, afterwards k)cating 
in Tazewell County, 111., also being a.ssociated, 
for a time, with tlie publication of a temperance 
paper at Springfield. In 1847 he removed to 
Galena, soon after becoming editor of "The 
Galena Jeffersonian,"' a Democratic paper, with 
which he remained until 1854. He took strong 
ground against the Kansas-Nebraska Bill, and, at 
the session of the Legislature of 1855, served as 
Secretary of the Senate, also acting as corre- 
spondent of "The New York Ti-ibune"; a few 
months later became associated with Joseph 
Medill and John C. Vaughan in the purchase and 
management of "The Chicago Tribune," Dr. Ray 
assuming tlie position of editor-in-chief. Dr. 
Ray was one of the most trenchant and powerful 
writers ever connected with the Illinois press, 
and his articles exerted a wide influence during 
the period of the organization of the Republican 
party, in which he was an influential factor. He 
was a member of the Convention of Anti-Neb- 
raska editors held at Decatur, Feb. 22, 1856, and 
served as Chairman of the Committee on Reso- 
lutions. (See Anti-Nebraska Editorial Conven- 
ti07i.) At the State Republican Convention held 
at Bloomington, in May following, he was 
appointed a member of the State Central Com- 
mittee for that year ; was also Canal Trustee by 
appointment of Governor Bissell, serving from 
1857 to 1861. In November, 1863, he severed his 
connection with "The Tribune" and engaged in 
oil speculations in Canada which proved finan- 
cially disastrous. In 1865 he returned to the paper 
as an editorial writer, remaining onh' for a short 
time. In 1868 he assumed the management of 
"The Chicago Evening Post," with which he 
remained identified until his death, Sept. 23, 
1870. 

RAY, Lyman Beecher, ex-Lieutenant-Gov- 
ernor, was born in Crittenden County, Vt., 
August 17, 1831 ; removed to Illinois in 1852. and 
has since been engaged in mercantile business in 
this State. After filling several local offices he 
was elected to represent Grundy County in the 
lower house of the Twenty-eighth General 
Assembly (1872), and, ten years later, was chosen 
State Senator, serving from 1883 to 1887. and 
being one of the recognized party leaders on the 
floor. In 1888. he was elected Lieutenant-Gov- 
ernor on the Republican ticket, liis term expiring 
in 1893. His home is at Morris, Grundy Count}'. 

RAY, William H., Congressman, was born in 
Dutcliess County, N. Y.. Dec. 14, 1812; grew to 
manhood in his native State, receiving a limited 



HISTORICAL EXCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



443 



education; in 1834 removed to Kusliville, III., 
engiifiing in business as a meicliaut ami, later, as 
a banker; was a nieiul)er of the first State Board 
of Equalization (1867 69), and, in 1873. was 
elected to Congress as a Republican, representing 
his District from 1873 to 187.'">. Died. Jan. 25, 
1881. 

RAYiMOM), a village of Montgomery County, 
on the St. Louis Division of tlie Wabash Railway, 
■50 miles southwest of Decatur; lias electric lights, 
some manufactures and a weekly paper. Con- 
siderable coal is mined here and grain and fruit 
grown in the surrounding country. Population 
(1880), .543; (1890), S41 ; (1900), 906. 

RAYMOXD, (Rev.) Minor, D.I)., clergyman 
and educator, was born in New York City, 
August 29, 1811, being descended from a family 
of Huguenots (known by the name of "Rai- 
monde"), who were e.\pcUed from France on 
account of their religion. In his youth he 
learned the trade of a shoemaker with his father, 
at Rensselaerville, N. Y. He united with the 
Methodist Episcopal Church at the age of 17, 
later taking a course in the Wesleyan Academj' 
at Wilbraham, Mas.s., where he afterwards 
became a teacher. In 1838 he joined the New 
England Conference and, three years later, began 
pastoral work at Worcester, subsequently occu- 
pying pulpits in Boston and Westfield. In 1848, 
on the resignation of Dr. Robert AUyn (after- 
wards President of McKendree College and of the 
Southern Illinois Normal University at Carbon- 
dale), Dr. Raymond succeeded to the principalshij) 
of the .Academy at Wilbraham, remaining there 
until 1864, when he was elected to the chair of 
systematic theology in the Garrett Biblical Insti- 
tute at Evanston, 111., his connection with the 
latter institution continuing until 189.5, when he 
resigned. For some three years of this period he 
served as pastor of the First Methodist Church 
at Evanston. His death occvirred, Nov. 25, 1897. 

REAVIS, Logran I'riah, journalist, was born 
in the Sangiimon Bottom, Ma.son County, 111., 
March 26, 1831 ; in 1855 entered tiie office of "The 
Beardstown Gazette," later purchased an interest 
in the pajier and continued its publication under 
the name of "The Central lUinoian." until 1857. 
when he sold out and went to Neliraska. Return- 
ing, in 1860, lie repurchased his old paper and 
conducted it until 1866, when he sold out for the 
last time. The remainder of his life was devoted 
chiefly to advocating the removal of the National 
Capital to St. Louis, which he did by lectures and 
the publication of i«iniphlets and books on the 
subject; also published a "Life of Horace 



(Jreeley,"' another of General Harney, and two 
or three other volumes. Died in St. Louis, 
April 25, 1881). 

RECTOR, the name of a prt)minent and influ- 
ential family who lived at Kaskaskia in Terri- 
torial days. According to (Jovernor Reynolds, 
who has left the most detailed account of them in 
his "Pioneer History of Illinois," they con.si.sted 
of nine brotliers and four daughters, all of whom 
were born in Fauquier County. Va., some of 
them emigrating to Ohio, while others came to 
Illinois, arriving at Kaskaskia in 1806. Reynolds 
describes them as passionate and impulsive, but 
possessed of a high standard of integrity and a 
chivalrous and patriotic sjjirit. — William, the 
oldest brother, and regarded as the head of the 
family, became a Deputy Surveyor soon after 
coming to Illinois, and took part in the Indian 
campaigns between 1812 and 1814. In 1816 he 
was appointed Surveyor-General of Illinois, Mis- 
souri and Arkansas, and afterwards removed to 
St. Louis. — Steplien, another of the brothers, 
was a Lieutenant in Ca])tain Moore's Company 
of Rangers in the War of 1812. while Charles 
commanded one of the two regiments organized 
by Governor Edwards, in 1812. for the expedition 
against the Indians at tlie head of Peoria Lake. 
— Xelson, still another brother, served in the 
same e.xpedition on the stalT of Governor 
Edwards. Stephen, alreadj- mentioned, was a 
member of the expedition sent to strengthen 
Prairie du Chien in 1814, and showed great cour- 
age in a fight with the Indians at Rock Island. 
During the same year Nelson Rector and Captain 
Samuel Whiteside joined Col. Zachary Taylor 
(afterwards President) in an exj^ditiou on the 
L'pper Mississippi, in which they came in contlict 
with the British and Indians at Rock Islan<l, in 
which Captain Rector again displayed the cour- 
age so characteristic of his family. On the 1st of 
March, 1814, while in charge of a survej'ing party 
on Saline Creek, in Gallatin County, according to 
Reynolds. Nelson was ambushed by the Indians 
and. though severely wouiuled, was carried away 
by liis horse, and recovered. — Elias, :inother mem- 
ber of the family, was Governor Edwards" first 
Adjutant-General, serving a few months in 1809, 
wlien he g;ive place to Robert Morrison, but was 
reappointed in 1810, serving for more than three 
years.— Thomas, one of the younger members, 
had a duel with Joshua Barton on "Bloody 
Island." sometime lietween 1812 and 1814, in 
which he killed his antagonist. (See Diirlx.) A 
IMirtion of this historic family drifted into Arkan- 
sas, where they became prominent, one of their 



444 



HISTOKICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



descendants serving as Governor of that State 
during tlie Civil War period. 

RED Bl'D, a city in Randolph County, on the 
Mobile & Ohio Railroad, some 37 miles south- 
southeast of St. Louis, and 21 miles south of Belle- 
ville; has a carriage factory and t»o flouring 
mills, electric lights, a hospital, two banks, five 
churches, a graded school and a weekly news- 
paper. Pop. (1890), 1,176; (1900), 1,169. 

REEVES, Owen T., lawyer and jurist, was 
born in Ross County, Ohio, Dec. 18, 1839 ; gradu- 
ated at the Ohio Wesleyan University, at Dela- 
ware, in 1850, afterwards serving as a tutor in 
that institution and as Principal of a High 
School at Chillicothe. In 18.54 he came to Bloom- 
ington. 111., and, as a member of the School 
Board, assisted in reorganizing the school system 
of that city; also has .served continuously, for 
over 40 years, as one of the Trustees of the Illi- 
nois Wesleyan University, being a part of the 
time President of the Board. In the meantime, he 
had begun the practice of law, served as City 
Attorney and member of the Board of Supervis- 
ors. July 1, 1863. he enlisted in the Seventieth 
Illinois Volunteers (a 100-days' emergency regi- 
ment), was elected Colonel and mustered out, 
with his command, in October, 18G3. Colonel 
Reeves was subsequently connected with the 
construction of the Lafayette, Bloomington & 
Mississippi Railroad (now a part of the Illinois 
Central), and was also one of the founders of the 
Law Department of the Wesleyan University. 
In 1877 he was elected to the Circuit bench, serv- 
ing continuously, by repeated re-elections, imtil 
1891 — during the latter part of his incumbency 
lieing upon the Appellate bench. 

REEVES, Walter, Member of Congress and 
lawyer, was born near Brownsville, Pa., Sept. 35. 
1848; removed to Illinois at 8 years of age and 
was reared on a farm; later became a teacher 
and lawyer, following his profession at Streator; 
in 1894 he was nominated by the Republicans of 
the Eleventh District for Congress, as successor to 
the Hon. Thomas J. Henderson, and was elected, 
receiving a majority over three comjietitors. 
Mr. Reeves was re-elected in 1896, and again in 
1898. 

REFORMATORY, ILLINOIS STATE, a prison 
for the incarceration of male offenders under 31 
years of age, who are believed to be susceptible of 
reformation. It is the successor of the '"State 
Reform School," which was created by act of 
the Legislature of 1867, but not opened for the 
admi.ssion of inmates until 1871. It is located at 
Pontiac. The number of inmates, in 1873, was 165, 



which was increased to 334 in 1890. The results, 
while moderately successful, were not altogether 
satisfactory. The appropriations made for con- 
struction, maintenance, etc., were not upon a 
scale adequate to accomplish what was desired, 
and, in 1891, a radical change was effected. 
Previous to that date the limit, as to age, was 16 
years. The law establisliing the present reforma- 
tory' provides for a system of indeterminate sen- 
tences, aud a release upon parole, of inmates 
wlio, in the opinion of the Board of Slanagers, 
may be safely granted conditional liberation. 
The inmates are divided into two classes. (1) 
those between the ages of 10 and 16, and (3) those 
between 16 and 31. The Board of Managers is 
composed of five members, not more than three of 
whom shall be of the same party, their term of 
office to be for ten years. The course of treat- 
ment is educational (intellectually, morally and 
industrially), schools being conducted, trades 
taught, and the inmates constantly impre.ssed 
with the conviction that, only through genuine 
and unmistakable evidence of improvement, can 
they regain their freedom. The reformatory 
influence of the institution may be best inferred 
from the results of one year's operation. Of 146 
inmates paroled, 15 violated their parole and 
became fugitives, 6 were returned to the 
Reformatory, 1 died, and 134 remained in 
employment and re,gularly reporting. Among 
the industries carried on are painting and glaz- 
ing, masonry and plastering, gardening, knit- 
ting, chair-caning, broom-making, carpentering, 
tailoring and blacksmithing. The grounds of the 
Reformatory contain a vein of excellent coal, 
which it is proposed to mine, utilizing the clay, 
thus obtained, in the manufacture of brick, 
which can be employed in the construction of 
additional needed buildings. The average num- 
ber of inmates is about 800, and the crimes for 
which they are sentenced range, in gravity, from 
simple assault, or petit larceny, to the most seri- 
ous offenses known to the criminal code, with 
the exception of homicide. The number of 
inmates, at the beginning of the year 1895, was 
813. An institution of a similar character, for 
the confinement of juvenile female offenders, was 
established under an act of the Legislature 
passed at the session of 1893, and located at Gen- 
eva, Kane County. (See Home for Juvenile 
Female Offenders.) 

RELIGIOUS DEKOMINATIONS. The State 
constitution contains the familiar guaranty of 
absolute freedom of conscience. The chief 
denominations have grown in like ratio with the 



HISTOinCAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



U5 



population, as may be seen from fijrure.s given 
lielow. The earliest Christian services lield were 
conducted by Catliolic missionaries, who attested 
the sincerity of tlieir convictions (in many 
instances) by tlie sacrifice of their lives, either 
tliroufjli violence or exposure. Tlie aborigines, 
liowever. were not easily Christianized ; and. 
shortly after the cession of Illinois by France to 
Oreat Britain, the Catholic missions, being gener- 
ally witlidrawn. ceased to exert much influence 
upon the red men, although the French, who 
remained in the ceded territory, continued to 
adhere to their ancient faith. (See Early Mis- 
siouaries.) One of the first Protestant sects to 
hold service in Illinois, was the Methodist Epis- 
copal: Rev. Joseph Lillard coming to Illinois in 
1793, and Rev. Hosea Riggs settling in the 
American Bottom in 179(5. (For liistory of 
Methodism in Illinois, see Methodist Ejjiscopal 
Church.) The pioneer Protestant preacher, 
however, was a Baptist — Elder James Smith — 
who came to New Design in 1787. Revs. David 
Badgley and Joseph Chance followed him in 
1796. and the first denominational association 
was formed in 1807. (As to inception and growth 
of this denomination in Illinois, see also Bap- 
tists.) In 1814 the Massachusetts Missionary 
Society sent two missionaries to Illinois — Revs. 
Samuel J. Mills and Daniel Smith. Two years 
later (1816), the First Presbyterian Church was 
organized at Sharon, by Rev. James McGready. 
of Kentucky. (See also Presbyterians ) Tlie 
Congregationalists began to arrive with the tide 
of immigration that set in from the Eastern 
States, early in the '30's. Four churclies were 
organized in 1833. and the subsequent growth of 
the denomination in the State, if gradual, has 
been steady. (See Congregationalists.) About 
the same time came tlie Disciples of Christ (some- 
timescalled, from tlieir founder, "'Campbellites"). 
They encouraged free discussion, were liberal and 
warm liearted, and did not require belief in any 
particular creed as a condition of membership. 
The sect grew rapidly in numerical strength. 
(See Disciples of Chrint.) The Protestant Episco- 
palians obtained their first foothold in Illinois, in 
1835, when Rev. Pliilander Chase (afterward con- 
secrated Bishop) immigrated to the State from 
the East. (See Protestant Episcopal Church.) 
The Lutherans in Illinois are chiefly of German 
or Scandinavian birth or descent, as may be 
inferred from the fact that, out of sixty-four 
<hurches in Chicago under care of the Jlissouri 
Synod, only four use the English language. Tliey 
are the only Protestant sect maintaining (when- 



ever possible) a system of parochial schools. (See 
Lutherans.) There are twenty-six other religious 
liodies in the State, exclusive of the Jews, who 
have twelve synagogues and nine rabbis. Ac- 
cortling to the census statistics of 1890, these 
twenty-six sects, with their numerical strength, 
number of buildings, ministers, etc., are ;is fol- 
lows; Anti-Mission Baptists. 2,800 members, 78 
churches and 63 ministers; Church of God, 1.200 
members, 39 churches, 34 ministers; Dunkards, 
121,000 members, 155 churches, 83 ministers; 
Friends ("Quakers") 3,655 members, 25 churches; 
Free Methodists, 1,805 members, 38 churches, 84 
ministers; Free-Will Baptists. •1.694 members. 107 
churches, 72 ministers; Evangelical Association, 
15,904 members. 143 churches. 152 ministers; 
Cumberland Presbyterians, 11.804 members. 198 
churches, 149 ministers; Methodist Episcopal 
(South) 3,927 members, 34 churches. 33 minis- 
ters; Moravians, 720 members, 3 churches, 3 
ministers; New Jerusalem Church (Swedenborgi- 
ans), 662 members, 14 churches, 8 ministers: 
Primitive Methodist, 230 members, 2 churches, 2 
ministers; Protestant Methodist. 5.000 members. 
91 churches, 106 ministers; Reformed Church in 
United States, 4,100 members, 34 churches, 19 
ministers; Reformed Church of America. 2,200 
members, 24 churches, 23 ministers; Reformed 
Episcopalians, 2,150 members, 13 churches, 11 
ministers; Reformed Presbyterians, 1.400 mem- 
bers. 7 churches. 6 ministers; Salvation Army, 
1,980 members: Second Adventists. 4.500 mem- 
bers, 64 churches, 35 ministers; Seventh Day 
Baptists, 320 members, 7 churches, 11 ministers; 
Universalists, 3,160 members. 45 churches. 37 
ministers: Unitarians. 1.225 members. 19 
churches. 14 ministers; United Evangelical, 
30.000 members, 129 churches, 108 ministers; 
United Brethren, 16,500 members. 275 churches, 
260 ministers; United Presbyterians, 11,250 mem- 
bers, 203 churches, 199 ministers; Wesleyan 
Methodists. 1,100 members, 16 churches. 33 min- 
isters. (See various Churches under their proper 
names; also Roman Catholic Church.) 

RE>'D, William Patrick, soldier, capitalist, 
and coal operator, was born in County Leitrim. 
Ireland, Feb. 10. 1840, brought to Lowell, Mass.. 
in boyhood, and graduated from the high school 
there at 17; taught for a time near New York 
City and later in Maryland, where he began a 
course of classical study. The Civil War coming 
on, he enlisted in the Fourteenth Regiment New 
York Volunteers, serving most of the time as a 
non-commissioned officer, and participating in the 
battles of the second Bull Run. Malvern Hill, 



44(; 



mSTOrjCAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



Autietam. Fredericksburg and Chancellorsville. 
After the war lie came to Chicago and secured 
employment in a railway surveyor's office, later 
acting as foreman of the Northwestern freight 
depot, and finalh' embarking in the coal business, 
which was conducted with such success that he 
became the owner of some of the most valuable 
mining properties in the country. Meanwhile 
lie has taken a deep interest in the welfare of 
miners and other classes of laborers, and has 



sought to promote arbitration and conciliation 
between employers and employed, as a means of 
averting disastrous strikes. He was especially 
active during the long strike of 1S97, in efforts to 
bring about an \jiiderstanding between the 
miners and the operators. For several years 
he held a commission as Lieutenant-Colonel of 
the Illinois National Guard until compelled, by 
the demands of his private business, to tender 
his resignation. 



REPRESENTATIVES IX CONGRESS. 

The foUowinf^ table presents tlie names, residence. Districts represented, politics (except as to earlier ones>, and length of 
term or ti^rms of service of Illinois Representatives in the lower House of ('onRress, from tlie orcanizatiou of Illinois 
as a Territory down to tlie present time; (D. Democrat; W, Whig; K, Kepublican; G-B, Greenback; P, Fopulist). 



Shadriich Bond 

Benjamin iStepbensun 

Natbaiiiel Pope 

John McLean , 

Daniel P. Cook 

Joseph Duncan 

Joseph Duncan 

William L. May.D 

Charles Shulf 

John Reynul.is. D 

John Keynol.Js, D 

Zadoc Casey. D 

Ailam W. Snvder. D 

John T. StuaVt, W 

Jolm T. Stuart, O.P 

Kobert Smith. D 

John A. McClernand, D .. 
John A. McClernaud, D .. 

Orlando B. Ficklin, D 

Orlando B. Fickliu, D 

John Wentworth, D 

John Wentvvorth, D 

John Wentworth. R 

Stephen A. Douglas, D 

Whhani A. Kichardson, D. 
William A. Richardson, D. 

Joseph P. llvtiti, D — 

John J. Hardin, W .. 

Edward D . Baker, W 

Edward D. Baker, W 

John Henry. W 

Thomas J. Turner, D 

Abraham Lincoln, W , 

William H. Bisseii, D , 

William H.Bissell,D 

Timothy K. Young. D 

Thomas L. Harris, D 

Thomas L. Harris, D 

Willis Allen. D 

Willis Allen.D 

Richard S. Maloney, l> 

Thompson C.ampbell, D..., 

Richard Yates. >V 

Richard Yates. W 

E. B. Washburne, K 

E. B. Washburne, R 



Residknck. 



Jesse O. Norton, R 

Jesse O. Norton, B 

James Knox, R 

James C. Allen, J) 

James C. Allen, D 

Jamea H. Woodworth. R. 

Jacob C. Davis, D 

Lyman Trumbull, B 

J. L. D. Morrison, D 

Samuels. MarshaU.D. ... 

Samuels. MarshaU.D 

Samuel S. MarshaU.D. ... 
John F. Farnsworth. li ... 
John F. Farnsworth, R ... 

Owf n Lovejoy , R 

Owen Lovejoy. R 

William Kellogg, R 

Isaac N. Morris, D 

Charles D. Hodges. D 

Aaron Shaw, D 



Kaskaskia 

Edwards ville... 

Kaskaskia 

Shawneetowii... 

Kaskaskia 

Jacksontfe Morgan Cos 

Jacksonville 

Springfield 

Belleville 

Belleville 

Belleville 

Mt. Vernon 

Belleville 

Springfield 

Springtield 

Alton 

Shawneelown 

Springheld 

Charleston 

Charleston 

Chicago 

Chicago 

Chicago 

Quincy 

Rushville and Quincy 

Quincy 

Galena 

Jacksonville 

Springfield 

Galena 

Jacksonville 

Freeport 

Springheld 

Belleville 

Belleville 

Marshall 

Petersburg 

Petersburg 

Marion 

Marion 

Beividere 

Galena 

Jacksonville 

Jackson vi lie 

Galena 

Galena 



Territory. 
Territory. 
Territory. 

State 

[State 

Stale 

Third 

Third 

First 

First 

First 

Second .. . 

First 

Third 

Eighth ... 

First 

Second ... 

Sixtn 

Third 

Third 

Fourth... 

Second 

First 

Fifth 

Filth 

Sixth 

Sixth 

Seventh . . 
Seventh . . 

SLxth 

Seventh . . 

Sixth 

Seventh... 

First 

Eighth.... 
Third. ... 
Seventh . . 
Sixth .... 
Second.... 

Ninth 

Fourth.... 

Sixth 

Seventh... 

Sixth 

First 

Third 



Joliet 

Joliet 

Kuoxville 

Palestine 

Palestine 

Chicago 

Quincy 

Belleville 

Belleville 

McLeansboro. . . 
McLeanshoi'o .. 
McLeansboro .. . 

Chicago 

St. Charles .... 

Princeton 

Princeton 

Canton 

Quincy 

Carrollton 

Lawrenceville. . 



Third 

Sixth , 

Fourth 

Seventh 

State-at-large 

Second 

Fifth 

Eighth 

Eighth , 

Ninth 

Eleventh 

Nineteenth ... 

Second 

Second 

Third 

Fifth 

Fourth 

Fifth 

Sixth 

Seventh 



isi4-n; . 

ISKJ-IS. 
1818-19. 
18iy-*27 . 
18'27-a3. 



1834 -:J9.. 
1833-34.. 
1834-37.. 
I8.'iy-43 . 
1833-43.. 
1S37-39.. 



Elected Governor; resigned. 

To succeed Duncan. 

Died; term completed by Reynolds. 

One and one-half terms. 



1839-43.. 
1863-65 . 
1843-49., 
1843-51.. 
1859-62,. 
1843-49 . 
18.71-53., 



1843-51 

1853-55 

18(;5-67 

1S43-47 

1847-56 

1861-63 

1843-45 

1843-^5 

1845-46 , 

1849-51 

Feb. to Mar.. 1847 

1847-49 , 

1847-49 

1849-53 , 

1853-55 

1849-51 

1849-51 

1855-68 

1851-53 

185;J-o5 

1851-53 



Resigned, Dec, '46; succeeded by John Henry. 
Served Baker's unexpired term. 



1851-53. . 
1851-53.. 
1853-65., 
1853-63. . 

1863-69.. 



1853-57 
1863-65 
1S53-.57, 



1853-67 

1863-65 

1855-57 

1856-57 

1855 

1855-57 

1855-59 

1865-73 

1873-75 

Ifs57-61 

1863-73 

1857-63 

1863-65 

1857-63 

1857-61 

Jan. to Mar., 1859. 
1857-59 



Made Rec'r of Pub. Moneys. 
Made Rec'r of Pub. Moneys. 



Elected U. S. Senator, 1824 and '29. 



Resigned, Dec, '61 ; succeeded by A. L. Knapp. 



El'd U.S. Sen,.Apr.,'47;suc.by\V.A.Richardsou 
Res'd.Aug., '56 ; term tilled by Jacob C. Davis. 



Died, Nov.24, 'oS; sue. by Chas. D. Hodges. 



, Resignd, March y. 'ii'J to accept Fiench mis- 
; sion; term filled by H. C. Burchard. 



To hll unexpired term of Richardson. 
Chosen U. S. Senator; resigned. 
Filled TrumbulTa unexpired term. 



Died, Mar.. '64; term filled by E.C.IngersoU. 
Filled unexpired term of Thoa. L. Harris. 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



447 



Aaron Shiiw. 1> 

Junit^ C Kohiiisuii, v.. 
iHiuvs C Kiibliisoii, v.. 
Junu-sC Uoblnsuii. 1).. 
Jniiit'sC Kol)in8on, D., 
Philip B. Fouke. U.. 

Jul) II A. I>t>i|riill, R 

John A. Locilli, D 



Kksidbn'CIC 



Lawrencevllle ., 

Marshtkll 

Marshall 

Sprhik'lleld 

Sprilm'lielll 

BiMlevilli- 

Bvlitoll 

Curbundule 



Isnm- N Arnold, R 

Ismu- N. AriuiUl. H 

Willnini J. Allen, U 

Willl:ini.I. Allen, 1) 

A. I.. Knapp. 1) 

A. L. Ivnapp. D 

Charles -M. Harris, It 

Kboii C. I nKersol i, R 

J.ilin 11. Kden. I) 

J.ilm 11. IMen. D 

JdIiii It. Kdeil. D 

Lewis \V Riia.1, D 

Wllliain R. Morrison, l>... 
William It, Mornsoii. I> .. 
William It. .Morrison, D... 

S. W .Moullon, R 

S. W. .Moullon, D 

S. W. Monlton. D 

Abiier C. Uardlnt:, R 

B irtoii C. Ooolv, R 

II. I". II. Brounvell.R 

Shelby M. Cullom, R 

Antboiiv Thornton, D 

Jeliu Baker. R 

Jehu Baker. It 

Jehu Baker, P 

A. J. ICuvkendall. R 

Norman B. Jndd, R 

Albert (i. Burr, D 

Green B. Ratlin, It 

Horatio C. Burchard, R.. 
HoralioO. Burchard, P.. 

John n. llawley, R 

John B Hawley, R 

Je-se It. Moore, R 

Thomas W. McNeeley, 1) 

John IS. Hay. R 

John .\I. t'rebs. V 

John L. Beverid^e, R 

Charles B. Karwell. R ... 
Charles B. Farwoll, R — 
Charles B. Farwell, R... 

Brad. N. Stevens. R 

Heiir.v Snapp. It 

ridward V. Rice, D 

John B. Riee.R 

B. () Caullield. U 

Jasper D. Ward, It 

Stephen A. Ilurlbnt, It... 

Franklin Corwin, It 

Greenbury L., Fort. R 

Oranville'Barriere. R 

William U. Rav. R 

Robert M. Kiiapp, I) 

Roliert M. Kiiapp. D 

J.ibn MrXulla.lt 

J'»seph G. Cannon, R 

Joseph G. Cannon, It 

Joseph ii. Cannon, It. 

Joseph G. Cannon, R 

James .S. Martin. R. 

Isaae clemeius. R 

Carter II. Harrison, }t 

John V. Le M.ivnc, D 

T.J. Henderson, R 

T. J. Henderson, R 

Alexander Campbell, Q.B. 

RIehard H. Whlluig. B 

John C. Miicbv, L> 

Scott WIke, b 

.Scotl Wlke. D 

William M. Springer. I). . 
William .M. Springer. D. 

Adlal K, .Stevenson. D 

Adlal E. Stevenson. D 

William A, J Sparks. D .. 
William llarl/ell.D .. . 
William B. Anderson, D . 

William Al.lrlch, R 

Carter II Harrison, D ... 
Ijorenz Hrentaiio. R — ... 

William I.alhrop. R 

Philip C Haves, R 

Thomo-s A Boyd. B 

Heiilaiiiln F Marsh, R. .. 



Sixteenth,. 
Seventh .,, 
Eleventh. . 
Eighth .... 
Twelfth... 
Eighth.... 
Ninth 



State-at-large 
Second 



Chicago 

(Chicago 

Marion 

.Marlon 

, Jersey vllle 

Jersey ville 

Oqiiawka 

Peoria 

Sullivan 

Sullivan 

Sullivan 

Lewistown 

Waterloo 

Waterloo 

Waterloo 

Shelby ville 

Shelbyville 

Shelbyville 

.Monmouth 

Ottawa 

Charleston 

Sprin(?lield 

slielbvville 

Belleville 

Belleville 

Belleville 

Vienna 

Chicago 

. 'CarroUton 

. I Metropolis ...i .. 

. j Freeport 

. Freeport 

.iRockLsland 

. I Rock Island 

.Decatur 

. I Petersburg 

j Belleville 

. Carmi 

. Kvaiiston 

. Chicago 

.Chicago 

.'Chicago 

. Princeton 

. Joliet 

. llillsboro 

. Chicago 

.Chicago iFirst 

Chicago Second 

. Belvldere Fourth 

Peru Seventh 

. l.acon Eighth 

.Canton Ninth 

. liushville Tenth 

.Jersey ville Eleventh 

. Jerseyvllle Eleventh 

. Hloomlnglon Thirteenth... 

Tuscola and Donville. Fourteenth ... 

. Danville Firteenth 

. Danville Fir,eenth . ... 

. Danville .Twelfth 

. Salem |Sl.ttcenth.... 

. Carbondale lElghtecnth ... 

. Chicago iS.^S""'' 

. Chicago 

. Princelon&Gonoaeo. 

. Princeton 

La Salle 

. Peoria 

. Rushvlllc 

Pittslleld 

. Wtlslleld 

. Sprliiglteld 

. Sprlnglield 

. Blooiiilnglon 

. Bloonilngton 

. Carlyle , , , . ., 

.Cheater Eighteenth. 

iMt. Vernon Nineteenth... 

IChlcago F'"'-j,- 

.IChlcago 'SS^I" 

.IChlcago iThlrd.. 

. Rock ford Fourth. 

IMorrls Seventh 

. Lewlsion [Ninth 

'Warsaw iTenlh 



First 

Ninth 

Thirteenth 

Fifth 

Tenth 

Fourth 

Fifth 

Seventh 

Fifteenth 

Seventeenth.. 

Ninth 

Twelfth 

Seventeenth.. 
Eighteenth... 
State-at-large 

Fifteenth 

Seventeenth.. 

Fourth 

Si\ih 

Seventh 

Eighth 

Tenth 

Twelfth 

Eighteenth — 
Twenty-lirst .. 
Thlrteeniii — 

First 

Tenth 

Thirteenth 

Third 

Fifth 

Fourth 

Sl.\lh 

Seventh 

Ninth 

Twelfth 

Thirteenth.... 
State-at-large. 

First 

Third 

Third 

Fifth 

si.\th 

Tenth 

First 



Tekm. 



Served Logan's unexpired term. 



1883-85 I 

IIIS9-63 

I86»«5 

1871-73 ' 

1873-75 ' 

1859-63 1 

1859-62 Bes'd, Apr. '62; term tilled by W. J. Allen. 

Chosen U. s. Senator. 1871; resigned: term 
fllled by John L. Beveridge. 
186I.63.. 
1863-65.. 
1862-63.. 
1863-65.. 

1861-63 Served McClernand's unexpl red term , 

1863-6S < 

1803-65 

1861-71 il864-'65 fllled Lovejoy's unexpired term . 

1863-65 I •. 

1873-79 I 

1885-87 I 

1883-69 

1863-65 

1873-83 

1883-87 

1865-67 

1881-83 

1883-85 1 

1865-69 1 

1865-71 Re-elected, '70 but rcs'd before beg'ng of term. 

1865-69 

1865-71 

1865-67 

1865-69 I 

1SS7-SSI : 

1897-99 

1865-67.. 
1867-71.. 



Third .. 

Sixth 

Seventh 

Seventh 

Ninth 

Tenth 

Eleventh . . . 

Twelfth.... 

Twelfth.... 

Thirteenth. 

Thirteenth.. 

Thlrteenlh. 

Sixteenth . 



1867-: 

1867-69.... 

1869-73.... 

1873-79.... 

1869-73.... 

1873-75.. . 

1869-73... 

1869-73... 

1809-73... 

1869-73... 

1871-73.... 

1871-73.... 

1873-70..., 

1881-83... 

1871-73... 

1871-73... 

1871 73... 

1873-74... 

1874-77... 

187.'!-75..., 

1873-77..., 

1873-73... 

1873-81..., 

187.3-75... 

1873-75... 

1873-75... 

1877-79... 

1873-75... 

1S73-S.1... 

1SS3-91 .. 

1893-95... 

1895 

1873 75... 
1873-75... 
1875 79.. 
1876-77.. 
1875-83,. 
1883-95.. 
1875-77.. 
1875-77... 
1875-77... 
1875-77... 
1889 93. . 
1875 83.. 
1883^95.. 
1 875-77 • 
1879-81... 
1875-83... 
1875-79.. 
1875-77.. 
1877-83... 
1877-79... 
1877-79... 
1877-79... 
1877-81.. 
1877-81.. 
1877-83... 



Fllled unexpired term of Washburne. 



Served unexpired term of Logan. 

May, "ye, seat awarded to J. V. l^eMoyue. 



Filled unexpired term of B, C. Cook. 

bled bee., "74: succeeded by B. G. Caulfleld. 
From 1874-75 served out Rice's term. 



Awarded seat, vice Farwell. 



448 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



Bf ijjaiiiin F. Marsh, R 

Benjamin F. Marsh. R 

Thomas F. Tiptou. R 

R. W. Townshend, t) 

Goorge R. Davis. R 

George R. Davis, R 

Hiram Barber, R 

Joh ti C. Sherwtn, R 

K. JVr. A. Hawk.R 

James W. Singleton. D 

A. P. Forsvthe,G. B 

JohnR. Thomas. R 

John R. Thomas. R 

WiUiam Cullen.R 

William CulIen.R 

Lewis E. Pay son, R 

Lewis E. Paysoti. R 

John II. Lewis. R 

Dietrich C.Smith. R 

R. W. Dunham, R 

JohnF. I'Unerty. R 

Ueorge E. Adams. R 

Reuben Elhvood. R 

Robert R. Hitt,R 

Robert R. Hitt. R 

N. E. \Vorthint;ton, J) 

William H. Neeoe. D 

James M. Rigss, D 

Jonatluin H. Rowell, R...- 

Prank LawIer.D 

James H. Ward. D 

Albert J. Hopkins. R 

Albert J. Hopkins. R 

Ralph Plumb. R 

SilasG. Landes. D 

William E. Mason, R 

Philip Sidney Post. R 

William H. Gest, R 

George A. Anderson. D 

Edward Lane, V 

Abner Taylor. R 

Charles A. Hill. R 

Geo. W. Ftthian. D 

Williams. Forman. D 

James K. Williams. D 

Jame-s R.Williams. D 

George W.Smith. R 

George \V. Smith. R 

Lawrence E. Mctiaiin. D. .. 
Allan C. Durborow. Jr.. D. 
Walter C. Newberry, D... 

Lewis Steward, Ind 

Herman W. Snow. R 

Benjamin T. Cable. D 

Owen Scott. D 

Samuel T. Busey, D 

JohnC. Black, D 

Andrew J. Hunter, D 

Andrew J. Hunter. D 

J. Frank Aldrich, R 

Julius Goldzier, D 

Robert A. Childs, R 

Hamilton K. Wheeler, R.. 

John J. McDannold, D 

Benjamin F. Funk. R 

William Lorimer, R 

Hugh R. Belknap. R 

Charles W. Woodman, R. 

Geo. E. White. R..» 

Edward D. Cooke. R 

George E. Foss, R 

George W. Prince.R 

Walter Reeves. R 

Vespasian Warner, R 

J. V. Graff. R 

Finis E. Downing. D 

James A. CoTmoliy.R 

Frederick Remann, R 

Wm. F. L. Hadley,R 

Benson Wood, R 

Orlando Bu rrell, R 

Everett J. Murphy, R 

James R. Mann, R 

DanielW. Mills, R 

Thomas M. Jett, D 

James R. Campbell. D — 

George P. Foster. R 

Thomas Cusack.D 

Edgar T. Noonan, D 

Henry S. Boutell. R 

W. E. Williams. D 

B. F. Caldwell. D 

Joseph B. Crowley, I> 

W. A. Rodenberg, R 



Warsaw 

Warsaw 

BloomingtOD 

Shawneetown 

Chicago 

Chicago 

Chicago 

Geneva and Elgin. . 

Mt. Carroll 

Quincy 

Isabel 

Metropolis 

Metropolis 

Ottawa.' 

Ottawa 

Pontiac 

Pontiac 

Knoxville 

Pekin 

Chicago 

Chicago 

Chicago 

Sycamore 

Mt. Morris 

Mt. Morris 

Peoria 

Macomb 

Winchester 

Bloomington 

Chicago 

Chicago 

Aurora 

Aurora 

Streator 

Mt. Carmel 

Chicago 

Galesburg 

Rock Island 

Quincy 

Hillsboro 

Chicago 

Joliet 

Newton 

Nashville 

Carmi 

Carmi 

Murphysboro 

Murphysboro 

Chicago, 

Chicago 

Chicago 

Piano 

Sheldon 

Rock Island 

Bloomington 

Urbana 

Chicago 

Paris 

Paris 

Chicago 

Chicago 

Hinsdale 

Kankakee 

Mt. Sterling 

Bloomington 

Chicago 

Chicago 

Chicago 

Chicago 

Chicago 

Chicago 

Galesburg 

Streator 

Clinton 

Pekin 

.Virginia 

Springfield , 

Vaudalia 

Edwardsville .... 

Effingham 

Carmi 

East St. Louis... 

Chicago 

Chicago 

Hillsboro 

McLeansboro 

Chicago 

Chicago 

Chicago 

Chicago 

Pittsfield 

Chatham 

Robinson — .... . 
East St. Louis ... 



Eleventh 

Fifteenth 

Thirteenth ... 
Nineteenth... 

Second 

Third 

Third 

Fourth 

Fifth 

Eleventh 

Fifteenth 

Eighteenth... 

Twentieth 

Seventh 

Eighth 

Eighth 

Ninth 

Ninth 

Thirteenth... 

First 

Second 

Fourth 

Fifth 

Sixth 

Ninth 

Tenth 

Eleventh 

Twelfth 

Fourteenth... 

Second 

Third 

Fifth 

Eighth 

Eighth 

Sixteenth 

Third 

Tenth 

Eleventh 

Twelfth 

Seventeenth.. 

First 

Eighth 

Sixteenth 

Eighteenth.., 
lEighteenth ... 
Ixineteeiith... 
iTwentieth — 
Twenty-sec' nd 

Second 

Third 

Fourth 

Eighth 

Ninth 

Eleventh 

Fourteenth — 

iFifteenth 

jState-at-large. 
Istate-at-large. 
iNineteenth — 

First 

Fourth 

lEighth 

Ninth 

^Twelfth. 

Fourteenth ... . 

Second 

Third 

Fourth 

Fifth 

Sixth 

Seventh 

(Tenth 

Eleventh 

..Thirteenth.... 
, I Fourteenth ... 

. Sixteenth 

. Seventeenth.., 
. Eighteenth — 

. 'Eighteenth 

. 'Nineteenth. .. 
. (Twentieth .... 
. iTwenty-first . 

. [First 

. Second 

.'Eighteenth... 
. [Twentieth.. .. 

.(Third 

.Fourth 

.Fifth 

.ISixth 

.Sixteenth 

. Seventeenth. . 
. Nineteenth ... 
. iTwenty first.. 



lS9;i-95.. 
1895—. . . 
1877-79... 
1877-89... 
1879-S3.. 
1883-85... 
1879-81... 
1879-83... 
1879-S'2... 
1879-83.. 
1879-81.. 
1879-83.. 
1883-89... 
1S81-83. . 
1883-85.. 
I8S1-83.. 
1883-91.. 
1881-83... 
1881-83... 



Died, '82; aucceedeia by R. K. Hitt. 



1883-85... 
1883-91.... 
1882-85.... 

1882-95.... 
1895—.... 
1883-87.... 
1883-87 . . , 
1883-87., . 
1883-91.... 
1885-91.... 
1885-87.... 
1885-95.... 
1S95— .... 
1885-89.... 
1885-89.... 
1887-91.... 
1887-95..., 
18S7-91..., 
1887-89... 
18S7-95.. . , 
18i9-93. . . 
1889-91... 
1889-95... 
1889-95... 
1889-95... 
1899—... 
1889-95... 
1895-.. . 
1891-95... 
1891-95 .. 
1891-93... 
1891-93... 
1591-93... 
li9i-93... 
1891-93... 
1891-93... 
lt93-95... 
1893-95... 
1897-99... 
1893-97... 
1893-95... 
1893-95... 
1893-95.. . 

1893-95... 

1893-95.. 

1895—... 

1895-99. . 

1895-97... 

1895-99... 

1805-93... 

1895—... 

1895—. . . 

1895—. . . 

1895—... 

1895—... 

1895-97... 

1895-99... 

1895—... 

lo95— ... 

1895-97- 

1895-97.. 

1895-97.. 

1S97-.. 

1897—.. 

1897—.. 

1897-99.. 

1899-.. 

1899—.. 
1899-. . 
1898-.. 
1899-^.. 
1899—.. 
1899-^.. 
1899-.. 



! iSucceededR. M. A, Hawk, deceased. 



Died, Jan. 6, 1895. 



Awarded seat afterron. with L. E. McGann. 
liiiedi June4','98;'suc'd. by Henry S. Boutell. 



DiediJuiy 14- "95: suc'd. by W. F. L. Hadley. 
Elected to fill vacancy. 



'. Succeeded E. D. Cooke, deceased. 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



449 



■REYNOLDS, John, Justico of Supreme Court 
ami fourth Guvoruorof Illinois, was born of Irish 
ancestry, in Montgomery County, Pa., Feb. 26, 
1789, and brought by his parents to Kaskaskia, 
111., in 1800, spending the first nine years of his 
life in Illinois on a farm. After receiving a com- 
mon school education, and a two years' course of 
study in a college at Knoxville, Tenn., he studied 
law and began practice. In 1812-13 he served as 
a scout in the campaigns against the Indians, 
winning for himself the title, in after life, of "The 
Old Ranger." Afterwards he removed to 
Cahokia, where he tegan the practice of 
law, and, in 1818, became Associate Justice of the 
first Supreme Court of the new State. Retiring 
from the bench in 182.'5, he served two terms in 
the Legislature, and was elected Governor in 
1830, in 1832 personally commanding the State 
volunteers chilled for service in the Black Hawk 
AVar. Two weeks before the expiration of his 
term (1834), he resigned to accept a seat in Con- 
gress, to which he had been elected as the suc- 
cessor of Charles Slade, who had died in office, 
and was again elected in 1838, always as a Demo- 
crat. He also served as Representative in the 
Fifteenth General As.sembly, and again in the 
Eighteenth (1852-54), being cho.sen Speaker of the 
latter. In 1858 he was the administration (or 
Buchanan) Democratic candidate for State Su- 
perintendent of Public Instruction, as opposed to 
the Republican and regular (or Douglas) Denjo- 
cratic candidates. For some years he edited a 
daily paper called "The Eagle," which was pub- 
lished at Belleville. While Governor Reynolds 
acquired some reputation as a "classical scholar," 
from the time spent in a Tennessee College at 
that early day, this was not sustained by either 
his colloquial or written stj-le. He was an 
ardent champion of slavery, and, in the early 
days of the Rebellion, gained unfavorable notori- 
et}' in consequence of a letter written to Je(Ter.son 
Davis expressing sj-nipathy with the cause of 
"secession." Nevertheless, in spite of intense 
prejudice and bitter partis;inship on s<ime ques- 
tions, he pos.sessed many amiable qualities, as 
shown by his devotion to temperance, and his 
popularity among persons of oppo.site political 
opinions. Although at times crude in style, and 
not always reliable in his statement of historical 
facts and events. Governor Reynolds has rendered 
a valuable service to posterity by his writings 
relating to the early history of the State, espe- 
<-ially those connected with his own times. His 
best known works are: "Pioneer Ilistorj* of Illi- 
nois" (Belleville, 1848); "A Glance at the Crystal 



Palace, and Sketches of Travel" (18,j4); and "My 
Life and Times" (18.w). His deivth occurred at 
Belleville. Jhiy 8, 1805. 

REYNOLDS, John Parker, Secretary and 
President of State Board of Agriculture, was bom 
at Lebanon. Ohio, March 1, 1820, and graduated 
from the Miami University at the age of 18. In 
1840 he graduated from the Cincinnati Law 
School, and soon afterward began practice. He 
removed to Illinois in 1854, settling fir.st in Win- 
nebago County, later, successively in Marion 
County, in Springfield and in Chicago. From 
1860 to 18T0 he was Secretary of the State Agri- 
cultural Societj-, and, upon the creation of the 
State Board of Agriculture in 1871. was elected 
its President, filling that position until 1888, 
when he resigned. He has also occupied nimier- 
ous other posts of honor and of trust of a public 
or semipiiblic character, having l)ecn President 
of the Illinois State Sanitary Commission during 
the War of the Rebellion, a Commissioner to the 
Paris Exposition of 1867, Chief Grain Inspector 
from 1878 to 1882, and Secretary of the Inter- 
State Industrial Exposition Company of Chicago, 
from the date of its organization (1873) until its 
final dissolution. His most important public 
service, in recent years, wasrenderetl asDirector- 
in-Chief of the Illinois e.\hibit in the World's 
Columbian Exposition of 1803. 

REYNOLDS, Joseph Smith, soldier and legis- 
lator, was born at New Lenox, 111., Dec. 3, 1889; 
at 17 years of age vt'ent to Chicago, was educated 
in the high school there, within a month after 
graduation enlisting as a private in the .Sixty- 
fourth Illinois Volunteers. From the ranks he 
rose to a colonelcy through the gradations of 
Second-Lieutenant and Captain, and, in July, 
1865, was brevetted Brigadier-CJeneral. He was 
a gallant soldier, and was thrice wounded. On 
his return home after nearly four years' service, 
he entered the law department of the Chicago 
University, graduating therefrom and beginning 
practice in 1866. General Reynolds has been 
prominent in public life, having served as a 
member of both branches of the General Assem- 
bly, and having been a State Commissioner to the 
Vieima Exixisition of 1873. He is a member of 
the G. A. R., and, in 1875, was elected Senior 
Vice-Commander of the order for the United 
States. 

REYNOLDS, William Morton, clergyman, was 
born in Fayette County, Pa.. March 4, 1812; after 
graduating at Jefferson College, Pa., in 1832, was 
connected with various institutions in that State, 
as well iis President of Capital University at 



450 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



Columbus, Ohio, ; then, coming to Illinois, was 
President of the Illinois State University at 
Springfield, ISoT-GO, after which he became Prin- 
cipal of a female seminary in Chicago. Previ- 
ously a Lutheran, he took orders in the Protestant 
Episcopal Church in 1864, and served several 
parishes until his death. In his early life he 
founded, and, for a time, conducted several reli- 
gious publications at Gettysburg, Pa., besides 
issuing a number of printed addresses and other 
publislied works. Died at Oak Park, near Chi- 
cago, Sept, 5, 1876. 

RHOADS, (Col.) Franklin Lawrence, soldier 
and steamboat captain, was born in Harrisburg, 
Pa., Oct. 11, 1834; brought to Pekin, Tazewell 
County, 111., in 1836, where he learned the print- 
er's trade, and, on the breaking out of the 
Mexican War, enlisted, serving to the close. 
Returning home he engaged in the river trade, 
and, for fifteen years, commanded steamboats on 
the Illinois, Mississippi and Ohio Rivers. In 
April, 1861, he was commissioned Captain of a 
company of three months' men attaclied to the 
Eighth Illinois Volunteer Infantry, and, on the 
reorganization of the regiment for the three- 
years' service, was commissioned Lieutenant- 
Colonel, soon after being promoted to the colo- 
nelcy, as successor to Col. Richard J. Oglesby, who 
had been promoted Brigadier-General. After 
serving through the spring campaign of 1863 in 
"Western Kentucky and Tennessee, he was com- 
pelled by rapidly declining health to resign, when 
he located in Shawneetown, retiring in 1874 to 
his farm near that city. During the latter years 
of his life he was a confirmed invalid, dying at 
Shawneetown, Jan. 6, 1879. 

RHOADS, Joshua, M.D., A.M., physician and 
educator, was born in Philadelphia, Sept. 14, 
1806; studied medicine and graduated at the 
University of Pennsylvania with the degree of 
M.D., also receiving the degree of A.M., from 
Princeton; after several years spent in practice 
as a physician, and as Principal in some of the 
public schools of Philadelphia, in 1839 he was 
elected Principal of the Pennsylvania Institution 
for the Blind, and, in 18.50, took charge of the 
State Institution for the Blind at Jacksonville, 
111., then in its infancy. Here he remained until 
1874, when he retired. Died, February 1, 1876. 
RICE, Edward Y., lawyer and jurist, born in 
Logan County, Ky., Feb. 8, 1830, was educated in 
the common schools and at Shurtleff College, 
after which he read law with John M. Palmer at 
Carlinville, and was admitted to practice, in 184.5. 
at Hillsboro; in 1847 was elected County Recorder 



of Montgomery County, and, in 1848, to the Six- 
teenth General Assembly, serving one term. 
Later he was elected County Judge of Montgom- 
ery Count}', was Master in Chancery from 18.53 to 
1857, and the latter year was elected Judge of the 
Eighteenth Circuit, being re-elected in 1861 and 
again in 1867. He was also a member of the 
Constitutional Convention of 1869-70, and, at the 
election of the latter year, was chosen Repre- 
sentative in the Forty-second Congress as a 
Democrat. Died, April 16, 1883. 

RICE, John B., theatrical manager. Mayor of 
Chicago, and Congre.ssman, was born at Easton, 
Md., in 1809. By profession he was an actor, 
and, coming to Chicago in 1847, built and opened 
there the first theater. In 1857 he retired from 
the stage, and, in 1865, was elected Mayor of 
Chicago, the city of his adoption, and re-elected 
in 1867. He was also prominent in the early 
stages of the Civil War in the measures taken to 
raise troops in Chicago. In 1872 he was elected 
to the Forty-third Congress as a Republican, but, 
before the expiration of his term, died, at Nor- 
folk, Va., on Dec. 6, 1874. At a special election 
to fill the vacancy, Bernard G. Caulfield was 
chosen to succeed him. 

RICHARDSON, William A., lawyer and poli- 
tician, born in Fayette County, Ky., Oct. 11, 
1811, was educated at Transylvania University, 
came to the bar at 19, and settled in Schuyler 
County, 111., becoming State's Attorney in 1835; 
was elected to the lower branch of the Legislature 
in 1836, to the Senate in 1838, and to the House 
again in 1844, from Adams County — the latter 
year being also chosen Presidential Elector on 
the Polk and Dallas ticket, and, at the succeeding 
session of the General Assembly, serving as 
Speaker of the House. He entered the Mexican 
War as Captain, and won a Majority tlirough 
gallantry at Buena Vista. From 1847 to 1856 
(when he resigned to become a candidate for 
Governor), he was a Democratic Representative 
in Congress from the Quincy District ; re-entered 
Congress in 1861, and, in 1863, was chosen 
United States Senator to fill the unexpired term 
of Stephen A. Douglas. He was a delegate to the 
National Democratic Convention of 1868, but 
after that retired to private life, acting, for a 
short time, as editor of "The Quincy Herald." 
Died, at Quincy, Dec. 27, 1875. 

RICHLAIVD COrNTY, situated in the south- 
east quarter of the State, and has an area of 361 
square miles. It was organized from Edwards 
County in 1841. Among the early pioneers may 
be mentioned the Evans brothers. Thaddeus 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



451 



5Iorehouse, Hugh Calhoun .and son, Thomas 
(iiirilner, James Parker, Cornelius De Lonj;. 
•lames Gilmore anU Klijah Nelson. In 1830 
there were but thirt}' families in the district. 
The first frame houses — the Nelson and More- 
house liomesteads — were built in 1821, and, some 
years later, James Laws erected the first brick 
house. The pioneers traded at Vincennes, but, 
in 1825, a store was opened at Strinfjtown by 
Jacob Jlay ; and the same year tlie first school was 
opened at Watertown, taught by Isaac Cliaun- 
cey. Tlie first church was erected by the Bap- 
tists in 1822, and services were conducted by 
William Martin, a Kentuckian. For a long time 
the mails were carried on Iiorseback by Louis 
and James Beard, but, in 1824, Mills and Whet- 
sell established a line of four-horse stages. The 
principal road, known as the "trace road," lead- 
ing from Louisville to Cahokia, followed a 
buffalo and Indian trail about where the main 
street of Olney now is. Olnev was selected as 
the county-seat upon the organization of the 
county, and a Mr. Lilly built the first house 
there. The chief branches of industry followed 
by the inhabitants are agriculture and fruit- 
growing. Population (1880), 15,045; (1890), 
l.'i.OlO; (liiOOi. 10,391. 

RIDGE FARM, a villageof Vermillion County, 
at junction of the Cleveland, Cincinnati. Cliicago 
& St. Louis and the Toledo, St. Lonis A Western 
Railroa<ls, 174 miles northeast of St. Louis; has 
electric light plant, planing mill, elevators, bank 
and two papers. Pop. (1900). 9;i8; (1904), l.aOO. 

RIDGELY, a manufacturing and mining sub- 
urb of the city of Springfield. An extensive 
rolling mill is located there, and there are several 
coal-shafts in the vicinity. Population(1900), 1,109. 

RIDUELY, Charles, manufacturer and capi- 
talist, born in Si)ringfield. Ill, Jan. 17. 1830; was 
educated in private scliools and at Illinois C(d- 
lege; after leaving college spent .-ionie time as a 
clerk in his fatlier's bank at Springfield, finally 
becoming a member of the firm and successively 
Cashier and Vice-President. In 1870 he was 
Democratic candidate for State Treasurer, but 
later has affiliated witli the Republican i)arty. 
About 1><72 lie became identified with tlie Spring- 
field Iron Company, of wliicli he hius teen Presi- 
dent for many years; has also been President of 
the Consolidated Coal Company of St. Louis and. 
for some time, was a Director of the Wabash Rail- 
road. Mr. Ridgely is also one of the Trustees of 
Illinois College. 

RIDUELV, Jficholas H., early banker, wsus 
born in Baltimore, Md., April 27, 1800; after 



leaving school was engaged, for a time, in the 
dry -goods trade, but, in 1S2U. came to St. Louis 
to assume a clerkship in the brandi of the 
United States Bank ju.st organized tliere. In 
1835 a branch of the State Bank of Illinois was 
established at Springfield, and Mr. Ridgely 
became its cashier, and, when it went into liqui- 
dation, was appointed one of the trustees to wind 
up its affairs. He subsequently became Presi- 
dent of the Clark's E.xchange Bank in that city, 
but this liaving gone into liquidation a few years 
later, he went into the private banking business 
as head of the "Ridgely B;',nk," whicli, in 1806, 
became the "Ridgely National Bank," one of the 
strongest financial institutions in the State out- 
side of Chicago. After the collapse of the inter- 
nal improvement scheme, Mr. Ridgely became 
one of the purchasers of the "Northern Cross 
Railroad" (now that part of the Wabash system 
extending froni the Illinois river to .Springfield), 
when it was sold by the State in 1847, paying 
therefor §21,100. He was also one of the Spring- 
field bankers to tender a loan to the State at the 
beginning of the war in 1801. He was one of the 
builders and principal owner of the Springfield 
gas-light system. His business career was an 
eminently successful one, leaving an estate at 
his death, Jan. 31, 1888, valued at over §2,000,000. 
RIDfiWAY, a village of Gallatin County, on the 
Shawneetown Division of the Baltimore & Ohio 
Southwestern Railway, 12 miles northwest of 
Shawneeto'vn ; has a bank and one newspaper. 
Pop. (1890), .523; (1900). 839; (1903. est), 1,000. 

RID(JW.4Y, Thomas S., merchant, banker and 
politician, was born at Carmi. 111., August 30, 
1826. His father having died when he was but 4 
years old and his mother when he was 14, his 
education was largely acquired through contact 
with the world, apart from such as he received 
from his motlier and during a year's attendance 
at a [irivate .school. When he wiis 6 yeiirs of age 
tlie family removed to Shawneetown, where he 
ever afterwards made bis home. In 1845 he em- 
barked in business as a merchant, and the firm 
of Peeples & Ridgway soon became one of the 
most prominent in Southern Illinois. In 1865 the 
partners closed out their business and organized 
the first National Bank of Shawneetown, of 
which, after the death of Mr. Peeples in 1875, 
Mr. Ridgway was President. He wiis one of 
the projectors of the Springfield & Illinois South- 
eastern Railway, now a part of the Baltimore & 
Ohio Southwestern system, and, from 1867 to 
1874, served as its President. He was an ardent 
and active Republican, and served as a delegate 



452 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF iJ^LINOIS. 



to ereiy State and National Convention of his 
])arty from 1868 to 1896, In 1874 he was elected 
State Treasurer, the candidate for Superintendent 
of Public Instruction on the same ticket being 
defeated. In 1876 and 1880 he was an unsuccess- 
ful candidate for his party's nomination for Gov- 
ernor. Three times he consented to lead the 
forlorn hope of the Republicans as a candidate 
for Congress from an impregnably Democratic 
stronghold. For several years he was a Director 
of the McCormick Theological Seminar\', at Chi- 
cago, and, for nineteen years, was a Trustee of the 
Southern Illinois Normal University at Carbon- 
dale, resigning in 1893, Died, at Shawneetown, 
Nov. 17, 1897. 

RIGtiS, James 31., ex-Congressman, was born 
in Scott County, 111., April 17, 1839, where he 
received a common school education, supple- 
mented by a partial collegiate course. He is a 
practicing lawyer of Winchester. In 1864 he was 
elected Sheriff, ,serving two years. In lSTl-72 he 
rejjresented Scott County in the lower house of 
the Tvvent}'-seventh General Assembly, and was 
State's Attorney from 1873 to 1876. In 1882, and 
again in 1884, he was the successful Democratic 
candidate for Congress in the Twelfth Illinois 
District, 

RIGGS, Scott, pioneer, was born in North 
Carolina about 1790; removed to Crawford 
County, 111, early in 1815, and repre.sented that 
county in the First General Assembly (1818-20), 
In 1835 he removed to Scott County, where he 
continued to reside until his death, Feb. 24. 1872. 

Riff AKER, John I., lawyer and Congressman, 
born in Baltimore, Md., Nov, 18, 1830, Left an 
orphan at an early age, he came to Illinois in 
1836, and, for several years, lived on farms in 
Sangamon and Morgan Counties; was educated 
at Illinois and SIcKendree Colleges, graduating 
from the latter in 1851 ; in 1852 began reading 
law with John JI. Palmer at Carlinville, and was 
admitted to the bar in 18.54. In August, 1862, he 
recruited the One Hundred and Twenty-seconu 
Illinois Volunteers, of which he was commis- 
sioned Colonel. Four months later he was 
wounded in battle, but served with his regiment 
through the war, and was brevetted Brigadier- 
General at its close. Returning from the war he 
resumed the practice of his profession at Carlin- 
ville. Since 1858 he has been an active Repub- 
lican; has twice (1872 and '76) served his party 
as a Presidential Elector — the latter year for the 
Stateat-large — and, in 1874, accepted a nomina- 
tion for Congress against William R. Morrison, 
largely reducing the normal Democratic major- 



ity. At the State Rejjublican Convention of 1880 
he was a prominent, but unsuccessful, candidal* 
for the Republican nomination for Governor, I' 
1894 he made the race as the Republican candi- 
date for Congress in the Sixteenth District and, 
although his opponent was awarded the certifi- 
cate of election, on a bare majority of 60 vote? on 
the face of the returns, a re-count, ordered by the 
Fifty-fourth Congress, showed a majority for 
General Rinaker, and he was seated near the 
close of the first session. He was a candidate 
for re-election in 1896, but defeated in a strongly 
Democratic District. 

RIPLEY, Edward Pnyson, Railway President, 
was born in Dorchester (now a part of Boston), 
Mass., Oct. 80, 1845, being related, on his mother's 
side, to the distinguished author, Dr. Edward 
Payson. After receiving his education in the 
high school of his native place, at the age of 17 
he entered upon a commercial life, as clerk in a 
wholesale dry-goods establishment in Boston. 
About the time he became of age, he entered into 
the service of the Pennsylvania Railroad as a 
clerk in the freight department in the Boston 
office, but, a few years later.assumed a responsible 
position in connection with the Chicago, Burling- 
ton & Quincy line, finally becoming General 
Agent for the business of that road east of 
Buffalo, though letaining his headquarters at 
Boston, In 1878 he removed to Chicago to accept 
the position of General Freight Agent of the Chi- 
cago, Burlington & Quincy System, with which 
he remained twelve years, serving successively as 
General Traffic Manager and General Manager, 
until June 1, 1890, when he resigned to become 
Third Vice-President of the Chicago. Milwaukee 
& St. Paul line. This relation was continued 
until Jan. 1, 1896, when Mr. Ripley accepted 
the Presidency of the Atchison, Topeka & Santa 
Fe Railroad, which (1899) he now holds. Mr. 
Ripley was a prominent factor in securing the 
location of the World's Columbian ExiX)sition at 
Chicago, and, in April. 1891, was chosen one of 
the Directors of the Exposition, serving on the 
Executive Committee and the Committee of 
Ways and Means and Transportation, being Chair- 
man of the latter. 

RIVERSIDE, a suburban town on the Des 
Plaines River and the Chicago, Burlington & 
Quincy Railway, 11 miles west of Chicago; has 
handsome parks, several churches, a bank, 
two local papers and numerous fine residences. 
Population (1890), 1,000; (1900), 1,551, 

RIVERTOBf, a village in Clear Creek Town- 
ship, Sangamon County, at the crossing of thfi 



IIISTOinCAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



453 



Wabash Raili'oad over the Sangamon Kiver. Gyi 
miles east-northeast of SprinKtleUl. It has four 
churclies, a nursery, and two coal mines Popu- 
lation (1S80), 705; (1800), 1,137, (1900). 1 511 ; (1003, 
est), about COOO. 

RIVES, John Cook, early hanker and journal- 
ist, was born iu Franklin County. Va. . May 24, 
1795; in ISOG removed to Kentucky, wliere he 
Krew vip under care of an uncle, Samuel Casey. 
He received a good education and was a man of 
high character and attractive manners. In his 
e<irly manhood he came to Illinois, and was con- 
nected, for a time, with the Branch State Bank 
at Edwardsville, but, about 1824, removed to 
Shawneetown and held a position in the bank 
there; also studied law and was admitted to 
pra<;tice. Finally, having accepted a clerkship 
in the Fourth Auditor's Office in Washington, 
he removed to that city, and, in 1830, became 
associated with Fran(!is P. Blair, Sr., in the 
establishment of "The Congressional (ilobe" (the 
predecessor of "The Congressional Record"), of 
which he finally became sole proprietor, so 
remaining until 1864. Like his partner, Blair, 
although a native of Virginia and a life-long 
Democrat, he was intensely loyal, and contrib- 
uted liberally of his means for the equipment of 
soldiers from the District of Columbi.a. and for 
the support of their families, during the Civil 
War. llis expeuditiu-es for these objects have 
been estimated at some §30,000. Died, in Prince 
George's County, Md., April 10, 1864. 

RO.VNOKE, a village of Woodford County, on 
the Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe Railway, 26 
miles northeast of Peoria; is in a coal district; 
has two banks, a oal mine, and one newspaper 
Population (1880). 3.55; (18901 831; (1900). 900. 

KOBR, Thomas Patten, Sanitary Agent, was 
born in Bath. JIaine. in 1819; came to Cook 
County. 111., in 1838, and, after arriving at man- 
hood, established the first exclusive wholesale 
grocery hou.se in Chicago, remaining in the busi- 
ness until 1850. He then went to California, 
•■stablishing himself in mercantile business at 
Sacramento, where ho remained seven j-ears. 
meanwhile being elected Mayor of that city. 
Returning to Chicago on the breaking out of the 
war, he was appointed on the staff of Governor 
Yates with the rank of Major, and, while serv- 
ing in this capacity, was instrumental in giving 
General Grant the first duty he performed in the 
office of the Adjutant-General after his arrival 
from Galena. Later, he was assigned to duty as 
Inspector-General of Illinois troops with the rank 
of Colonel, having general charge of sanitary 



affairs vintil the close of the war, when he was 
appointed Cotton Agent for the State of Georgia, 
and, still later. President of the Board of Tax 
Commissioners for that State. Other positions 
held by him were those of Postmaster and Col- 
lector of Customs at Savannah, Ga. ; he was also 
one of the publishers of "The New Era,'' a 
Republican paper at Atlanta, and a prominent 
actor in reconstruction affairs. Resigning the 
CoUectorship. he was appointed by the President 
Unite<l St.ates Commissioner to investigate Mexi- 
can outrages on the Rio Grande border ; was sub- 
sequently identified with Texas railroad interests 
as the President of the Corpus Christi & Rio 
Grande Railroad, and one of the projectors of the 
Chicago, Texas & Mexican Central Railway, being 
thus engaged until 1872. Later he returned to 
California, dying near (Jlenwood, in that State, 
April 10, 1895, aged 75 years and 10 months. 

ROBERTS, William Charles, clergyman and 
educator, was born in a small village of Wales, 
England., Sept. 23, 1833; received his primary 
education in that countiy, but, removing to 
.\merica during his minority, graduated from 
Princeton College in 1855, and from Princeton 
Theological Seminary iu 1858. After filling vari- 
ous pastorates in Delaware, New Jersey and Ohio, 
in 1881 he was elected Corresponding Secretary 
of the Presbyterian Board ot Foreign Missions, 
the next year being offered tlie Presidency of 
Rutgers College, which he declined. In 1887 he 
accepted the presidency of Lake Forest Univer- 
sity, which he still retains. From 1859 to 18G3 
he was a Trustee of Lafayette College, and, in 
1866, was elected to a trusteeship of his Alma 
Mater. He has traveled extensively in the 
Orient, and was a memlier of the first and third 
coimcils of the Reformed Churches, held at Edin- 
burgh and Belfast. Besides occ;vsional sermons 
and frequent contributions to English, Ameri- 
can, German and Welsh periodicals. Dr. Roberts 
has published a Welsh translation of the West- 
minster shorter catechism and a collection of 
letters on the great preachers of Wales, which 
appeared in Utica, 1868. He received the degree 
of D.D., from Union College in 1873, and that of 
LL.D.. from Princeton, in 18H7. 

ROBIXSON, an incorporated city and the 
county seat of Crawford Courty. 25 miles north- 
west of Vincennes, Ind., and 44 miles south of 
Paris, III.; is on two lines of railroad and in the 
heart of a fruit and agricultural region The 
city has water-works, electric lights, two banks 
and three weekly newspapers Population (1890J 
1,387; (1900). 1,683: (1904), about 2,000. 



454 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



ROBINSO\, James C, law3-er and former 
Congressman, \vas born in Edgar CovmU-, III., in 
1822, read law and was admitted to the bar in 
1850. He served as a private during the Mexican 
War, and, in 1858, was elected to Congress as a 
Democrat, as he was again in 1860, '62, '70 and 
'72. In 1804 he was the Democratic nominee for 
(iovernor. He was a fluent speaker, and attained 
considerable distinction as an advocate in crimi- 
nal practice. Died, at Springfield, Nov. 3, 1886. 

ROBINSON, John M., United States Senator, 
born in Kentucky in 1793, was liberally educated 
and became a lawyer by jirofession. In early life 
he settled at Carmi, 111., where he married. He 
was of fine physi(pie, of engaging manners, and 
personally popular. Tlirough his association 
with the State militia lie earned the title of 
■'General.'' In 1830 he was elected to tlie United 
States Senate, to fill the unexpired term of John 
McLean. His immediate predecessor was David 
Jewett Baker, appointed by Governor Edwards, 
who served one month but failed of election by 
the Legislature. In 1884 Mr. Robinson was re- 
elected for a full term, which expired in 1841. 
In 1843 he was elected to a seat upon the Illinois 
Supreme bench, but died at Ottawa, April 27, of 
tlie same year, within three montlis after his 
elevation. 

ROCHELLE, a city of Ogle County and an 
intersecting point of the Chicago & Northwestern 
and the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy Railways. 
It is 75 miles west of Chicago, 27 miles south of 
Rockford, and 23 miles east by north of Dixon. 
It is in a rich agricultural and stock-iaising 
region, rendering Rochelle an important ship 
ping point. Among its industrial establish- 
ments are water- works, electric lights, a flouring 
mill and silk-underwear factory The citj has 
three banks, five churches and three newspapers. 
Pop. (1890), 1,789; (1900), 2,073; (1903), 2,500. 

ROCHESTER, a village and early settlement 
in Sangamon County, laid out in 1819; in rich 
agricultural district, on the Baltimore it Oliio 
Southwestern Railroad, "'/i niiles southeast of 
Springfield ; has a bank, two churches, one school, 
and a newspaper. Population (1900) 365 

ROCK F.\LLS, a city in "Whiteside County, on 
Rock River and the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy 
Railroad; has excellent water-power, a good 
public school sj'stem with a high school, banks 
and a weekly ~ newspaper. Agricultural imple- 
ments, barbed wire, furniture, flour and paper are 
its chief manufactures. Water for the navigable 
feeder of tlie Hennepin Canal is taken from Rock 
River at this point. Pop. (1900), 2,176. 



ROCKFORD, a flourishing manufacturing 

city, the county-seat of Winnebago County ; lies 
on both sides of the Rock River, 92 miles west of 
Chicago. Four trunk lines of railroad — the Chi- 
cago, Burlington & Quincy, the Chicago & North- 
western, the Illinois Central and the Chicago, 
Milwaukee & St. Paul — intersect here. Excellent 
water-power is secured by a dam across the river, 
and communication between the two divisions of 
tlie city is facilitated by three railway and three 
highway bridges. Water is provided from five 
artesian wells, a reserve main leading to the 
river. The city is wealthy, prosperous and pro- 
gressive. The assessed valuation of property, in 
1893, was •?6,531,2.35. Churches are numerous and 
schools, both public and jirivate, are abundant 
and well conducted. The census of 1890 showed 
§7,715,069 capital inve.sted in 246 manufacturing 
establishments, which employed 5,223 persons and 
turned out an annual product valued at .§8,888, - 
904. The principal industries are the manufac- 
ture of agricultural implements and furniture, 
though watches, silver-plated ware, paper, flour 
and grape sugar are among the other products. 
Pop. (1880), 13.129; (1890). 23,584; (1900), 31.0.51. 

ROCKFORD COLLEGE, located at Rockford, 
111., incorporated in 1847; in 1898 had a faculty 
of 21 instructors with 161 pupils. The branches 
taught include the classics, music and fine arts. 
It has a libi-ary of 6,1.50 volumes, funds and en- 
dowment aggregating §50,880 and property 
valued at §240,880, of which §150,000 is real 
estate. 

ROCK ISLAND, the principal city and county- 
seat of Rock Island County, on the Mississippi 
River, 182 miles west by south from Chicago; is 
the converging point of five lines of railroad, and 
the western terminus of tlie Hennepin Canal. 
The name is derived from an island in the Missis- 
sippi River, opposite the city, 3 miles long, which 
belongs to the United States Government and 
contains an arsenal and armory. The river 
channel north of the island is navigable, the 
southern channel having been dammed by the 
Government, thereby giving great water power 
to Rock Island and Moline. A combined railway 
and highway bridge spans the river from Rock 
Island to Davenport, Iowa, crossing the island, 
while a railway bridge connects the cities a mile 
below. The island was the site of Fort Arm- 
strong during the Black Hawk War, and was also 
a place for the confinement of Confederate prison- 
ers during the Civil War. Rook Island is in a re- 
gion of much picturesque scenery and lias exten- 
sive manufactures of lumber, agricultural imple- 



niSTOinCAL E^X'YCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



455 



ments, iron, carriages and wagons ar.d oilcloth ; 
also Kve banks and three newspapers, two issuing 
daily editions. Po)). (1890), i;i,(i;M; (1!)00). li),493. 

ROCK ISLAND COUNTY, in the northwestarn 
section of the State bordering upon the Missis- 
sippi River (which constitutes its northwestern 
boundary for more than 60 n\iles), and having an 
area of 440 square miles. In 181C the (iovern- 
ment erected a fort on I\ock Island (an island in 
the Mississippi, 3 miles long and one-half to 
three-quarters of a mile wide), naming it Fort 
Armstrong. It has always remained a military 
post, and is now the seat of an extensive arsenal 
and work-shops. In the spring of 1828, settle- 
ments were made near Port Byron by John and 
Thomas Kinnej', Archibald Allen and George 
Harlan. Other early settlers, near Rock Island 
ami Kapids City, were J. W. Spencer, J. W. Bar- 
riels, Benjamin F. Pike and L'onrad Leak; and 
among the pioneers were "Wells and Michael Bart- 
lett. Joel Thompson, the Simnis brothers and 
George Davenport. The country was full of 
Indians, this being the headcjuarters of Black 
Hawk and the initial point of the Black Hawk 
War. {See Black Hoirk, and Bhick Hau-k War.) 
By 1829 settlers were increased in number and 
county organization was effected in 1835, Rock 
Island (then called Stephenson) being made the 
county-seat. Joseph Conway was the first 
County Clerk, and Joel Wells, Sr. , the lir.st Treas- 
urer. The first court was held at the residence 
of John W. Barriels, in Farnhamsburg. The 
county is irregular in shape, and the soil and 
scenery greatly varied. Coal is abundant, the 
water-power inexhaustible, and the county's 
mining and manufacturing interests are very 
extensive. Several lines of railway cross the 
county, affording admirable transportation facili- 
ties to both eastern and western markets. Rock 
Island and Moline (which see) are the two prin- 
cipal cities in the county, though there are 
several other important points. Coal Valley is 
the center of large mining interests, and Milan is 
also a manufacturing center. Port Byron is one 
of the oldest towns in the county, and has con- 
siderable lime and lumber interests, while Water- 
town is the seat of the Western Hospital for the 
Insane. Population of the cormty (1880), 38,302; 
(1890), 41,917; (1900), o">,240. 

ROCK ISLAND & PKORI.V R.VILW.VY, a 
standard-guage road, laid with steel rails, extend- 
ing from Rock Island to Peoria, 91 miles. It is 
lessee of the Rock Island & Mercer County Rail- 
road, running from Milan to Cable. 111., giving it 
a total length of 118 miles — with Peoria Terminal, 



121.10 miles. — (Histoky.) The company is a 
reorganization (Oct. 9, 1877) of the Peoria & 
Rock Island Railroad Company, whose road was 
sold under foreclosure, April 4, 1877. The latter 
Road was the result of the consolidation, in 1809, 
of two corporations — the Rock Island & Peoria 
and the Peoria & Rock Island Railroad Compa- 
nies — the new organization taking the latter 
name. The road was ope!ied through its entire 
length, Jan. 1, 1872, its sale under foreclosure and 
reorganization under its present name taking 
place, as already stated, in 1877. The Cable 
Branch was organized in 1876, as the Rock Island 
& Mercer County Railroad, and opened in De- 
cember of the same year, sold under foreclosure in 
1877. and leased to the Rock Island & Peoria Rail- 
road, July 1, 188."). for 999 years, the rental for 
the entire period being commuted at §4.^)0,000. — 
(Financial.) The cost of the entire road and 
equiijment was §2.6.54.487. The cajjital stock 
(1898) is Si. .500.000; funded debt. SC.OO.OOO; other 
forms of indebtedness increasing the total capital 
invested to .$2,181,066. 

ROCK RIVER, a stream which rises in Wash- 
ington County, Wis., and flows generally in a 
southerly direction, a part of its course being very 
sinuous. After crossing the northern boundary 
of Illinois, it runs southwestward, intersecting 
the counties of Winnebago. Ogle, Lee. Whiteside 
and Rock Island, and entering the Mississippi 
three miles below the city of Rock Island. 
It is about 375 miles long, but its navigation is 
partly obstructed by rapids, which, however, 
furnish abundant water-power. The principal 
towns on its banks are Rockford, Dixon and 
Sterling. Its valley is wide, and noted for its 
beauty and fertility. 

ROCKTOX, a village in Winnebago County, at 
the junction of two branches of the Chicago, 
Milwaukee & St. Paul Railroad, on Rock River, 
13 miles north of Rockford; has manufactures of 
paper and agricultural implements, a feed mill, 
and local paper. Pop. (KM90). .><92; (1900), 936. 

ROE, Edward Reynolds, A.B., M.D., physici.-m, 
soldier an<l author, was born at Lel)ani)n, Ohio, 
June 22, 1813; removed with his father, in 1819, 
to Cincinnati, and graduated at Louisville Med- 
ical Institute in 1842; began practice at Anderson, 
Ind., but soon removed to .Sliawneetown, 111., 
where he gave much attention to geological 
research and made some extensive natural his- 
tory collections. From 1848 to '52 he resided at 
Jacksonville, lectured extensively on his favorite 
science, wrote for the press and, for two years 
(1850-52), edited "The Jacksonville Journal." still 



456 



HISTOiaCAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



later editing the newly establislied "Constitu- 
tionalist" for a few months. During a part of 
tliis period he was lecturer ou natural science at 
Sliurtleff College ; also delivered a lecture before 
the State Legislature on the geology of Illinois, 
which was immediately followed by the passage 
of the act establishing the State Geological 
Department. A majority of both houses joined 
in a request for his appointment as State Geolo- 
gist, but it was rejected on partisan grounds — 
he, then, being a Whig. Removing to Blooming- 
ton in 18.")2, Dr. Roe became prominent in educa- 
tional matters, being the first Professor of Natural 
Science in the State Normal University, and also 
a Trustee qf the Illinois Wesleyan University. 
Having identified himself with the Democratic 
party at this time, he became its nominee for 
State Superintendent of Public Instruction in 
1860, but, on the inception of the war in 1861, he 
promptly espoused the cause of the Union, raised 
three companies (mostly Normal students) which 
were attached to the Thirty-third Illinois (Nor- 
mal) Regiment ; was elected Captain and succes- 
sively promoted to Major and Lieutenant-Colonel. 
Having been dangerously wounded in the as.sault 
at Vicksburg, on May 23, 1863, and compelled to 
return home, he was elected Circuit Clerk by the 
combined vote of both parties, «'as re-elected 
four years later, became editor of "The Bloom- 
ington Pantagraph" and, in 1870, was elected to 
the Twenty-seventh General Assembly, where 
he won distinction by a somewhat notable 
humorous speech in opposition to removing the 
State Capital to Peoria. In 1871 he was ap- 
pointed Marshal for the Southern District of Illi- 
nois, serving nine years. Dr. Roe was a somewhat 
prolific author, having jiroduced moi-e than a 
dozen works which liave appeared in book form. 
One of these, "Virginia Rose; a Tale of Illinois 
in Early Days,"' first appeared as a prize serial in 
"The Alton Courier" in 1852. Others of his more 
noteworthy productions are : ' 'The Gray and the 
Blue"; "Brought to Bay"; "From the Beaten 
Path"; "G. A. R. ; or How She Married His 
Double"; "Dr. Caldwell; or the Trail of the 
Serpent"; and "Prairie-Land and Other Poems." 
He died in Chicago, Nov 6, 1893. 

ROdiERS, George Clarke, soldier, was born in 
Grafton County, N II., Nov. 22, 1838; but was 
educated in Vermont and Illinois, having re- 
moved to the latter State earlj- in life. While 
teaching he studied law and was admitted to the 
bar in 1860; was the first, in 1861, to raise a com- 
pany in Lake County for the war, which was 
mustered into the Fifteenth Illinois Volunteers ; 



was chosen Second-Lieutenant and later Captain ; 
was wounded four times at Shiloh, but refused to 
leave the field, and led his regiment in the final 
charge; was promoted Lieutenant-Colonel and 
soon after commissioned Colonel for gallantry at 
Hatchie. At Champion Hills he received three 
wounds, from one of which he never fully re- 
covered ; took a prominent part in the operations 
at AUatoona and commanded a brigade nearly 
two j'ears, including the Atlanta campaign, 
retiring with the rank of brevet Brigadier-Gen- 
eral. Since the war has practiced law in Illinois 
and in Kansas. 

ROftERS, Henry Wade, educator, lawyer and 
author, was born in Central New York in 1853 ; 
entered Hamilton College, but the following 
year became a student in Michigan University, 
graduating there in 1874, also receiving the 
degree of A.M., from the same institution, in 
1877. In 1883 he was elected to a professorship 
in the Ann Arbor Law School, and, in 1885, was 
made Dean of the Facult}', succeeding Judge 
Cooley, at the age of 32. Five years later he was 
tendered, and accepted, the Presidency of the 
Northwestern University, at Evanston, being the 
first layman chosen to the position, and succeed- 
ing a long line of Bishops and divines. The same 
j'ear (1890), Weslej'an University conferred upon 
him tlie honorary degree of LL.D. He is a mem- 
ber of tlie American Bar Association, has served 
for a number of years on its Committee on Legal 
Education and Admission to the Bar, and was 
the first Chairman of the Section on Legal Edu- 
cation. President Rogers was the General Chair- 
man of the Conference on the Future Foreign 
Policy of the United States, held at Saratoga 
Springs, N. Y., in August, 1898. At the Con- 
gress held in 1893, as auxiliary to the Columbian 
Exposition, he was chosen Chairman of the Com- 
mittee on Law Reform and Jurisprudence, and 
was for a time associate editor of "The American 
Law Register," of Philadelphia. He is also the 
author of a treatise on "Expert Testimony," 
which has passed through two editions, and has 
edited a work entitled "Illinois Citations," 
besides doing much other valuable literary work 
of a similar character. 

ROGERS, John Oorin, jurist, was born at 
Glasgow, K}-., Dec. 28. 1818, of English and early 
Virginian ancestry ; was educated at Center Col- 
lege, Danville, Ky., and at Transylvania Univer- 
sity, gi'aduating from the latter institution in 
1841, with the degree of Bachelor of Laws. For 
sixteen years he practiced in his native town, 
and, in 1857, removed to Chicago, where he soon 



IllSTOItlCAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



457 



attained professional prominence. In 1870 he 
was electeil a Judge of the Cook County Circuit 
Court, continuing on the lienrli, throufjli rei)eated 
re-elections, imtil his death, wliich occurred 
suddenly, Jan. 10, 1887, four years before the 
expiration of tlie term for which he had been 
elected. 

ROtJERS PARK, a village and suburb 9 miles 
north of Chicago, on Lake Michigan and the 
Chicago & Northwestern and the Chicago, Mil- 
waukee & St. Paul Railways; has a bank and two 
weekly newspapers; is reached by electric street- 
car Hue from Chicago, and is a ixjpular residence 
suburb. Annexed to City of Chicago, 1893. 

ROLL, John E., pioneer, was born in Green 
Village, N. J., June 4, 1814; came to Illinois in 
1830. and settled in Sangamon County. He 
assisted Abraham Lincoln in the construction of 
the flat-boat with which the latter descended the 
Mississippi River to New Orleans, in 1831. Mr. 
Roll, who was a mechanic and contractor, built 
a number of hou.ses in Springfield, where he has 
.since continued to reside. 

ROM.\> CATHOLIC CHURCH. The earliest 
Christians to establish places of worship in Illi- 
nois were priests of the Catholic faith. Early 
Catholic missionaries were explorers and histori- 
ans as well as preachers. (See Atlouez; Bergier; 
Early Missionaries; Gravier; Marquette.) The 
church went hand in hand with the represent- 
atives of the French Government, carrying in 
one liand the cross and in the other the flag of 
France, simultaneously disseminating the doc- 
trines of Christianity and inculcating loyaltj' to 
the House of Bourbon. For nearly a hundred 
years, the self-sacrificing and devoted Catholic 
clergy of the seventeenth and eighteenth cen- 
turies ministered to tlie spiritual wants of the 
early French settlers and the natives. Thej' were 
not without factional jealousies, however, and a 
severe blow was dealt to a branch of them in the 
order for the banishment of the Jesuits and the 
confiscation of their property. (See Early Mis- 
sionaries.) The subsequent occupation of the 
country by the Englisli, with the contemporane- 
ous emigration of a considerable portion of the 
French west of the Mississippi, dissipated many 
congregations. Up to IsiiO Illinois was included 
in the diocese of Missouri ; but at that time it was 
constituted a separate diocese, under the episco- 
pal control of Rt. Rev. Joseph Ro.satti. At that 
date there were few, if any, priests in Illinois. 
But Bishop Rosatti was a man of earnest puqxjse 
and rare administrative ability. New parishes 
were organized as rapidly as circumstances 



would permit, and the growth of tlie churcli has 
been steady. By 1840 there were thirty-one 
parislies and twenty priests. In 1896 there are 
reported 098 parishes. 704 clergymen and a 
Catholic ijopulation exceeding 850,000. (See also 
Religiiiiis Dcnoin i nations. ) 

ROOnHOrSE, a city in Greene County, 21 
miles .south of Jacksonville, and at junction of 
three divisions of the Chicago & Alton Rjiilroad; 
is in fertile agricultunil and coal-mining region; 
city containsa (louring mill, grain-elevatoi', stock- 
yards, railway shops, water-works, electric light 
plant, two private banks, fine opera liouse, good 
school buildings, one daily and two weekly 
papers. Pop. (1890), 2.360; (1900), 2,351. 

ROODHOt'SE, John, farmer and founder of 
the town of Roodhouse, in Greene County, 111., 
was born in Yorkshire, England, brought to 
America in childhood, his father settling in 
Greene County, 111., in 1831. In his early man- 
liood he opened a farm in Tazewell County, but 
finally returned to tlie paternal home in Greene 
County, whore, on the location of the .Tackson- 
ville Division of the Chicago & Alton Railroad, 
he laid out the town of Roodhouse, at the junc- 
tion of the Louisiana and Kansas City branch 
with the main line. 

ROOT, George Frederiek, musical composer 
and author, was born at Slieflield, Jlass., AugiLst 
30, 1820. He was a natural musician, and. while 
employed on his father's farm, learned to play on 
various instruments. In 1838 he removed to Bos- 
ton, where he began his life-work. Besides 
teaching music in the public schools, he was 
employed to direct the musical service in two 
churches. From Boston he removed to New 
York, and. in 1850, went to Paris for purposes of 
musical study. In 1853 he made his first public 
essay as a composer in the song. "Hazel Dell," 
whicli V)ecame popular at once. From this time 
forwaril his success as ;i song-writer was assured. 
His music, while not of a higli artistic character, 
captivated the popular ear and appealed strongly 
to the heart. In 1860 he took up his residence in 
Chicago, where he conducted a musical journal 
and wrote those "war songs"' which created and 
perpetuated liis fame. Among the best known 
are "H;illy Round the Flag"; "Just Before the 
Battle, Motlier"; and "Tramp, Tramp, Tramp." 
Other popular songs by him are "Rosalie, the 
Prairie Flower"; "A Hundred Years Ago" ; and 
"The Old Folks are Gone." Besides songs ho 
composed several cantatas and much sacred 
music, also publishing many books of in.struction 
and numerous collections of vocal and instru- 



458 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



mental music. In 1872 the University of Cliicago 
conferred on him tlie degree of Mus. Doc. Died, 
near Portland, Maine, August 6, 189.5. 

ROOTS, Benajah Guernsey, civil engineer, 
and educator, was born in Onondaga County 
N. Y., April 20, 1811, and educated in the schools 
and academies of Central New York; began 
teaching in 1827, and, after spending a j-ear at 
sea for the benefit of liis liealth, took a course in 
law and civil engineering. He was employed as 
a civil engineer on the Western Railroad of 
Massachusetts until 1838, when he came to Illi- 
nois and obtained employment on the railroad 
projected from Alton to Shawneetown, under 
the "internal improvement system" of 1837. 
When that was suspended in 1839, he settled on 
a farm near the present site of Tamaroa, Perry 
County, and soon after opened a boarding school, 
continuing its management until 1846, when he 
became Principal of a seminary at Sparta. In 
1851 he went into the service of the Illinois Cen- 
tral Railroad, first as resident engineer in 
charge of surveys and construction, later as land 
agent and attorney. He was prominent in the 
introduction of the graded school system in Illi- 
nois and in the establishment of the State Nor- 
mal School at Bloomington and the University of 
Illinois at Champaign; was a member of the 
State Board of Education from its organization, 
and served as delegate to the National Repub- 
lican Convention of 1868. Died, at his home in 
Perry County, 111., May 9, 1888.— Philander Keep 
(Roots), son of the preceding, born in Tolland 
County, Conn., June 4, 1838, brought to Illinois 
the same year and educated in his father's school, 
and in an academy at Carrollton and the Wes- 
leyan University at Bloomington ; at the age of 
17 belonged to a corps of engineers emploj'ed on 
a Southern railroad, and, during the war, served 
as a civil engineer in the construction and repair 
of military roads. Later, he was Deputy Sur- 
veyor-General of Nebraska ; in 1871 became Chief 
Engineer on the Cairo & Fulton (now a part of 
the Iron Mountain) Railway; then engaged in 
the banking business in Arkansas, first as cashier 
of a bank at Fort Smith and afterwards of the 
Merchants' National Bank at Little Rock, of 
which his brother, Logan H., was President. — 
Logan H. (Roots), another son, born near Tama- 
roa, Perry County. 111., March 23, 1841, was edu- 
cated at home and at the State Normal at 
Bloomington, meanwhile serving as principal 
of a high school at Duquoin ; in 1862 enlisted in 
the Eighty-first Illinois Volunteers, serving 
through the war and acting as Chief Commissary 



for General Sherman on the "March to the Sea," 
and participating in the great review in Wash- 
ington, in May, 1865. After the conclusion of 
the war he was appointed Collector of Internal 
Revenue for the First Arkansas District, was 
elected from that State to the Fortieth and 
Forty-first Congresses (1868 and 1870) — being, at 
the time, the youngest member in that bod}- — and 
was appointed United States JIarshal by Presi- 
dent Grant. He finally became President of the 
Merchants' National Bank at Little Rock, with 
which he remained nearly twenty years. Died, 
suddenly, of congestion of the brain. May 30, 
1893, leaving an estate valued at nearly one and 
a half millions, of which he gave a large share to 
charitable purposes and to the city of Little 
Rock, for the benefit of its hospitals and the im- 
])rovenient of its parks. 

ROSE, James A., .Secretary of State, was born 
at Golconda, Pope County, III., Oct. 13, LSoO. 
The foundation of his education was secured in 
the public schools of his native place, and, after 
a term in the Normal Universitj' at Normal, 111., 
at the age of 18 he took charge of a country 
school. Soon he was chosen Principal of the 
Golconda graded schools, was later made County 
Sujierintendent of Schools, and re-elected for a 
second term. During his second term he was 
admitted to the bar, and, resigning tlie office of 
Superintendent, was elected State's Attorney 
without opposition, being re-elected for another 
term. In 1889, by appointment of Governor 
Fifer, lie became one of ,the Trustees of the 
Poutiac Reformatory, serving until the next 
year, when he was transferred to the Board of 
Commissioners of the Southern Illinois Peniten- 
tiary at Chester, which position he continued to 
occujiy until 1893. In 1896 he was elected Secre- 
tary of State on the Republican ticket, his term 
extendint^ to ,Ianuary. 1901. 

ROSEVILLE, a village in Warren County, on 
the Rock Island Division of the Chicago, Burling- 
ton & Quincy Railroad, 17 miles northwest of 
Buslinell; has water and electric-light plants, two 
banks, public library and one newspaper Region 
agricultural and coal-mining. Pop. (1900), 1,014. 

ROSS, Leonard Fulton, soldier, born in Fulton 
County, 111., July 18. 1823; was educated in the 
common schools and at Illinois College, Jackson- 
ville, studied law and admitted to the bar in 1840 ; 
the following year enlisted in the Fourth Illinois 
Volunteers for the Mexican War, became First 
Lieutenant and was commended for services at 
Vera Cruz and Cerro Gordo ; also performed im- 
portant service as bearer of dispatches for Gen- 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



459 



eral Taylor. After the war lie served six years 
as Probate Judge. In May, 1861, he enlisted in 
the war for the Union, and was chosen Colonel 
of the Seventeenth Illinois Volunteers, serving 
with it in Missouri and Kentucky ; was comniis- 
.sioned Brigadier-General a few weeks after the 
capture of Fort Donelson, and, after the evacu- 
ation of Corinth, was assigned to the command 
of a division with headquarters at Bolivar, Tenn. 
He resigned in Jul}-. 18G3, and, in lyC", was 
appointed by President Johnson Collector of 
Internal Revenue for the Ninth District; has 
been three times a delegate to National Repub- 
lican Conventions and twice defeated as a candi- 
date for Congress in a Democratic District. 
Since the war he has devoted lus attention 
largely to stock-raising, liaving a large stock- 
faim in Iowa. In his later j-ears was President 
of a bank at Lewistowu, 111. Died Jan. 17, 1901. 
EOSS, (Col.) AVilliam, pioneer, . was born at 
Monson, Hampden County, Mass., April 24, 1792; 
removed with his father's familj-, in 1805, to 
Pittsfield, Miiss., where he remained until his 
twentieth year, when he was commissioned an 
Ensign in tlie Twenty-tirst Regiment United 
States Infantry, serving through the War of 
1812 14, and participating in the battle of Sack- 
ett's Harbor. During the latter part of his serv- 
ice he acted as drill-master at various points. 
Then, returning to Pittsfield, he carried on the 
business of blacksmithing as an employer, mean- 
while filling some local offices. In 1820, a com- 
pany consisting of himself and four brothers, 
with their families and a few others, started for 
the We.st. intending to settle in Illinois. Reach- 
ing the head waters of the Allegheny overland, 
they transferred tiieir wagons, teams and other 
property to flat-boats, descending that stream 
and the Ohio to Shawneetown, 111. Here they 
disembarked and, cro.ssing the State, reached 
Upper Alton, where they found only one house, 
that of Maj. Charles W. Hunter. Leaving their 
families at Ujiper Alton, the brothers proceeded 
north, cros.sing the Illinois River near its mouth, 
until they reached a point in tlie western part of 
tlie present county of Pike, where the town of 
Atlas was afterwards located. Here they 
erected four rough log-cabins, on a beautiful 
prairie not far from the >Iississippi, removing 
their families thither a few weeks later. They 
suffered the iLsual privations incident to life in a 
new country, not excejiting sickness and death 
of some of their number. .\t the next session of 
the Legislature (1820-21) Pike County was estab- 
lished, embracing all that part of the State west 



and north of the Illinois, and including the 
present cities of Galena and Chicago. The Ross 
settlement bei^ame the nucleus of the town of 
Atlas, laid out by Colonel Ross and his as.sociates 
in 1.S28, at an early day the rival of Quincy, and 
becoming the second county-seat of Pike County, 
so remaining from 1824 to 1833. when the seat of 
justice was removed to Pittsfield. During this 
period Colonel Ross was one of the most ])romi- 
nent citizens of the county, holding, simultane- 
ously or successivel}', the offices of Probate 
Judge, Circuit and County Clerk, Justice of the 
Peace, and others of a subordinate character. 
As Colonel of Militia, in 1832. he was ordered by 
Governor Reynolds to rai.se a company for the 
Black Hawk War, and, in four days, reported at 
Bearilstown with twice the number of men 
called for. In 1834 he was elected to the lower 
branch of the General Assemldy, also serving in 
the Senate during the three following sessions, a 
part of the time as President pro tern, of the last- 
named body. While in the General Assembly he 
was instrumental in securing legislation of great 
importance relating to Military Tract lands. 
The year following the establishment of the 
county-seat at Pittsfield (1834) he became a citi- 
zen of that place, which he liad the privilege of 
naming for his early home. He was a member 
of the Republican State Convention of 185G, and a 
delegate to the National Republican Convention 
of 1860, which nominated Mr. Lincoln for Presi- 
dent the first time. Beginning life poor ho 
acquired considerable i)roperty : was liberal, pub- 
lic-spirited and patriotic, making a haniKsome 
donation to the first company organized in Pike 
County, for the siqipression of the Rebellion. 
Died, at Pittsfield. May 31, 1873. 

ROSSA'ILLE, a village of Vermillion County, 
on the Cliiciigo & Eastern Illinois Railroad, 19 
miles north of Danville; has electric-light plant, 
water-works, tile and brick-works, two banks and 
two newspapers. Pop. (1890), 879; (1900), 1,43-"). 

KOTMJS, Sterlinsr Parker, public printer, 
w;us born in Berkshire, Vt.. June 27, 1828; about 
1840 began learning the printer's trade at Ken- 
osha. Wis., and, in 184.'). was foreman of the State 
printing office at Madison, afterward working in 
offices in Milwaukee, Racino and Buffalo, going 
to Chicago in 18.J1. Here he finally established 
a printer's warehouse, to which he later added an 
electrotype foundry and the manufacture of 
presses, also commencing the issue of "Round's 
Printers' Cabinet," a trade-paper, which was 
continued during his life. In 1881 he w:us ap- 
pointed by President Garfield Public Printer at 



4G0 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



■Washing:ton, serving until 1885, when lie removed 
to Omaha, Neb., and was identified with "The 
Republican," of that city, until his death, Dec. 
17, 1887. 

ROUNTREE, Hiram, County Judge, born in 
Rutherford County, N. C, Dec. 22, 1794; was 
l)i()Uglit to Kentucky in infancy, where he grew 
to manhood and served as an Ensign in the War 
of 1813 under General Shelby. In 1817 he re- 
moved to Illinois Territory, first locating in 
Madison County, where he taught school for two 
years near Edwardsville, but removed to Fayette 
County about the time of the removal of the 
State capital to Vandalia. On the organization 
of Montgomery County, in 1821, he was appointed 
to office there and ever afterwards resided at 
Hillsboro. For a number of years in the early 
history of the county, he held (at the same time) 
the ofBces of Clerk of the County Commissioners 
Court, Clerk of the Circuit Court, County 
Recorder, Justice of the Peace, Notary Public, 
Master in Chancery and Judge of Probate, besides 
that of Postmaster for the town of Hillsboro. In 
1826 he was elected Enrolling and Engrossing 
Clerk of the Senate and re-elected in 1830 ; served 
as Delegate in the Constitutional Convention of 
1847, and the next year was elected to the State 
Senate, serving in the Sixteenth and Seven- 
teentli General Assemblies. On retiring from 
the Senate (1852), he was elected County Judge 
without opposition, was re-elected to the same 
office in 1861, and again, in 1865, as the nominee 
of the Republicans. Judge Rountree was noted 
for his sound judgment and sterling integrity. 
Died, at Hillsboro, March 4, 1873. 

ROUTT, John L., soldier and Governor, was 
born at Eddyville, Ky., April 25, 1826, brought 
to Illinois in infancy and educated in the com- 
mon schools. Soon after coming of age he was 
elected and served one term as Sheriff of McLean 
County; in 1862 enlisted and became Captain of 
Company E, Ninety-fourth Illinois Volunteers. 
After the war he engaged in business in Bloom- 
ington, and was appointed by President Grant, 
successively, United States Marshal for the 
Southern District of Illinois, Second Assistant 
Postmaster-General and Territorial Governor of 
Colorado. On the admission of Colorado as a 
State, he was elected the first Governor under the 
State Government, and re-elected in 1890 — serv- 
ing, in all, three years. His home is in Denver. 
He has been extensively and successfully identi- 
fied with mining enterprises in Colorado. 

ROWELL, Jonathan H., ex-Congressman, was 
born at Haverhill, N. H., Feb. 10, 1833. He is a 



graduate of Eureka College and of the Law 
Department of the Chicago University. During 
the War of the Rebellion he served three years as 
company officer in the Seventeenth Illinois 
Infantry. In 1868 he was elected State's Attor- 
ney for the Eighth Judicial Circuit, and, in 1880, 
was a Presidential Elector on the Republican 
ticket. In 1882 he was elected to Congress from 
the Fourteenth Illinois District and three times 
reelected, serving until March, 1891. His home 
is at Blooniington. 

ROWETT, Richard, soldier, was born in Corn- 
wall, England, in 1830, came to the United 
States in 1851, finally settling on a farm near 
Carlinville. 111., and becoming a breeder of 
thorough-bred horses. In 1861 he entered the 
service as a Captain in the Seventh Illinois 
Volunteers and was successively promoted 
Major, Lieutenant-Colonel and Colonel; was 
wounded in the battles of Shiloh, Corinth and 
Allatoona, especially distinguishing himself at the 
latter and being brevetted Brigadier-General for 
gallantry. After the war he returned to his 
stock-farm, but later held the positions of Canal 
Commissioner, Penitentiary Commissioner, Rep- 
resentative in the Thirtieth General Assem- 
bly and Collector of Internal Revenue for the 
Fourth (Quincy) District, until its consolidation 
with the Eighth District by President Cleveland. 
Died, in Chicago. July 13, 1887. 

RUSH MEDICAL COLLEGE, located in Chi- 
cago; incorporated by act of March 2, 1837, the 
charter having been prepared the previous year 
by Drs. Daniel Brainard and Josiali C. Goodhue. 
The extreme financial depression of the following 
year prevented the organization of a faculty 
until 1843. The institution was named in honor 
of Dr. Benjamin Rush, the eminent practitioner, 
medical author and teacher of Philadelphia in the 
latter half of the eighteenth century. The first 
faculty consisted of four professors, and the first 
term opened on Dec. 4, 1843, with a class of 
twenty-two students. Three years' study was 
required for graduation, but only two annual 
terms of sixteen weeks each need be attended at 
the college itself. Instruction was given in a 
few rooms temporarily opened for that purpose. 
The next year a small building, costing between 
§3,000 and §4,000, was erected. This was re-ar- 
ranged and enlarged in 1855 at a cost of $15,000. 
The constant and rapid growth of the college 
necessitated the erection of a new building in 
1867, the cost of which was .§70,000. This was 
destroyed in the fire of 1871, and another, costing 
§54,000, was erected in 1876 and a free dispensary 



IIISTOKICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



461 



added. In 1844 the Presbyterian Hospital was 
located on a [jortioii of tlie college lot. and the 
two institutions connected, thus insuring abun- 
dant and stable facilities for clinical instruction. 
Shortly afterwards, Rush College became the 
medical department of Lake Forest University. 
The present faculty (1898) consists of 95 profes- 
sors, adjunct professors, lecturers and instructors 
of all grades, and over 600 students in attend- 
ance. The length of the annual terms is six 
months, and four years of stutly are required for 
graduation, attendance upon at least three col- 
lege terms being compulsory. 

RUSHVILLE, the county-seat of Schuyler 
County, 50 miles northeast of Quincj- and 11 
miles northwest of Beardstown ; is the southeri< 
terminus of the Buda and Rushville branch of the 
Chicago, Burlington & 'Quincy Railroad. The 
town was selected as the county-seat in 1826, 
the seat of justice being removed from a place 
called Beardstown, about five miles eastward 
(not the present Beardstown in Ca-ss County), 
where it liad been located at the time of the 
organization of Schuyler County, a year previous. 
At first the new seat of justice was called Rush- 
ton, in honor of Dr. Benjamin Rush, but after- 
wards took its present name. It is a coal-mining, 
grain and fruit-growing region, and contains 
several manufactories, including flour-mills, brick 
and tile works; also has two banks (State and 
private) and a public library. Four periodicals 
(one daily) are published liere. Population 
(1880), 1,062; (1890), 2,031; (1900), 2,292. 

RUSSELL, John, pioneer teacher and author, 
was born at Cavendish, Vt., July 31, 1793, and 
educated in the common schools of his native 
State and at Middlebury College, where he gradu- 
ated in 1818 — having obtained means to sui)port 
hinaself. during his college course, V)y teaching 
and by the publication, before lie had reached his 
20th year, of a volume entitled "The Authentic 
History' of Vermont State Prison. " After gradu- 
ation he taught for a short time in Georgia; but, 
early in the following year, joined his father on 
the way to Missouri. The next five years he 
spent in teaching in the "Bonhommie Bottom" 
on the Missouri River. During this period he 
published, anonymously, in "The St. Charles Mis- 
sourian," a temperance allegory entitled "The 
Venomous Worm" (or "The Worm of the Still"), 
which gained a wide popularity and was eiirly 
recognized bj- the compilers of school-readers as 
a sort of classic. Leaving this locality he taught 
a year in St. Louis, when he removed to Vandalia 
(then the capital of Illinois), after which he spent 



two years teaching in tlie Seminary at Upper 
Alton, which afterwards became Shurtlelf College. 
In 1828 he removed to Greene County, locating 
at a point near the Illinois River to which he 
gave the name of Bluffdale. Here he was li- 
censed as a Baptist preacher, officiating in this ca- 
pacity only occasionally, while pursuing his 
calling as a teacher or writer for the press, to 
which he was an almost constant contributor 
during the last twenty-five years of his life. 
About 1837 or 1838 lie was editor of a paper called 
"The Backwoodsman" at Grafton— then a part 
of Greene County, but now in Jersey County — to 
which he afterwards continued to be a contribu- 
tor some time longer, and, in 1841-42, was editor 
of "The Advertiser, ' at Louisville, Kj-. He was 
also, for several years. Principal of the Spring 
Hill Academy in East Feliciana Parish, La., 
meanwhile serving for a portion of the time as 
Superintendent of Public Schools. He was the 
author of a number of stories and sketches, some 
of which went through several editions, and, at 
the time of his death, had in preparation a his- 
tory of "The Black Hawk War," "Evidences of 
Christianity" and a "History of Illinois." He 
was an accomplished linguist, being able to read 
with fluency Greek, Latin, French, Spanish and 
Italian, besides having considerable familiarity 
with several other modern languages. In 1802 
he received from the University of Chicago the 
degree of LL.D. Died, Jan. 2, 1863. and was 
buried on the old homestead at Bluffdale. 

RUSSELL, Martin J., politician and journal- 
ist, born in Chicago, Dec. 20, 1845. He was a 
nephew of Col. James A. Mulligan (see MuUkjan, 
James A.) and served with credit as Adjutant- 
General on the staff of the latter in the Civil 
War. In 1870 he became a reporter on "The 
Chicago Evening Post," and was advanced to 
the position of city editor. Subseiiuently he was 
connected with "The Times," and "The Tele- 
gram" ; was also a member of the Board of Edu- 
cation of Hyde Park before the annexation of 
that village to Chicago, and has been one of the 
South Park Commissioners of the city la-st named. 
After the purchase of "Tlie Chicago Times" by 
Carter H. Harrison he remained for a time on 
the editorial .staff. In 1894 President Cleveland 
appointed him Collector of the Port of Chicago. 
At the expiration of his term of oflice he resumed 
editorial work as editor-in-chief of "The Chron- 
icle," the organ of the Democratic party in 
Chicago. Died June 25. 1900. 

RUTHERFORD, Friend S., lawyer and sol- 
dier, was born in Schenectady, X. Y., Sept. 25, 



462 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



1820; studied law in Troy and removed to Illi- 
nois, settling at Edwardsville, and finally at 
Alton; was a Republican candidate for Presi- 
dential Elector in 1856, and, in 1860. a member of 
the National Republican Convention at Cliicago, 
which nominated Jlr. Lincoln for the Presidency. 
In September, 1803, he was commissioned Colonel 
of the Ninety-seventh Illinois Volunteers, and 
participated in the capture of Port Gibson and in 
the operations about Vicksburg— also leading in 
the attack on Arkansas Post, and subsequently 
serving in Louisiana, but died as the result of 
fatigue and exposure in the service. June 30, 
1864, one week before his promotion to the rank 
of Brigadier-General.— Reuben C. (Rutherford), 
brother of the preceding, was born at Troy, N. Y., 
Sept. 39. 1833. but grew up in Vermont and Nevr 
Hampshire ; received a degree in law when quite 
young, but afterwards fitted himself as a lec- 
turer on physiology and hygiene, upon which he 
lectured extensively in Michigan, Illinois and 
other States after coming west in 1849. During 
1854-55, in co-operation with Prof. J. B. Turner 
and others, he canvassed and lectured extensively 
throughout Illinois in support of the movement 
which resulted in the donation of public lands, 
by Congress, for the establishment of "Industrial 
Colleges" in the several States. The establish- 
ment of the University of Illinois, at Champaign, 
was the outgrowth of this movement. In 1856 he 
located at Quincy, where he resided some thirty 
years; in 1861, served for several months as the 
first Commissary of Subsistence at Cairo; was 
later associated with the State Quartermaster's 
Department, finally entering the secret service of 
the War Department, in which he remained until 
1867, retiring with the rank of brevet Brigadier- 
General. In 1886. General Rutherford removed 
to New York City, 'where he died, June 34. 1895. — 
George V. (Rutherford), another brother, was 
born at Rutland, Vt., 1830; was first admitted to 
the bar, but afterwards took charge of the con- 
struction of telegraph lines in some of the South- 
ern States; at the beginning of the Civil War 
became Assistant Quartermaster-General of the 
State of Illinois, at Springfield, under ex-Gov. 
John Wood, but subsequently entered the 
Quartermaster's service of the General Govern- 
ment in Washington, retiring after the war with 
the rank of Brigadier-General. He then returned 
to Quincy, 111., where he resided until 1873, when 
lie engaged in manufacturing business at North 
ampton, Mass., but finally removed to California 
for the benefit of his failing health. Died, at St. 
Helena, Cal. , August 38, 1872. 



RUTLAXD, a village of La Salle County, on 
the Illinois Central Railroad, 35 miles soutli of La 
Salle; has a bank, five churches, school, and a 
newspaper, with coal mines in the vicinity. Pop. 
(1890), 509; (1900), 893; (1903), 1.093. 

RUTLEDGE, (Rev.) William J., clergyman, 
Army Chaplain, born in Augusta County, Va., 
June 34. 1830; was converted at the age of 13 
years and, at 21, became a member of the Illinois 
Conference of the Methodist Episcopal Church, 
serving various churches in the central and west- 
ern parts of the State — also acting, for a time, as 
Agent of the Illinois Conference Female College 
at Jacksonville. From 1861 to 1863 he was Chap- 
lain of the Fourteenth Regiment Illinois Volun- 
teers. Returning from the war, he served as 
pastor of churches at Jacksonville. Bloomington, 
Quincy, Rushville. Springfield, Griggsville and 
other points; from 1881 to '84 was Chaplain of 
the Illinois State Penitentiary at Joliet. Mr. 
Rutledge was one of the founders of the Grand 
Army of the Republic, and served for many years 
as Chaplain of the order for the Department of 
Illinois. In connection with the ministry, he 
has occupied a supernumerary relation since 
1885. Died in Jacksonville, April 14, 1900. 

RUTZ, Edward, State Treasurer, was born in 
a village in the Duchy of Baden, Germany, May 
5, 1839; came to America in 1848, locating on a 
farm in St. Clair County, 111. ; went to California 
in 1857. and, early in 1861, enli.sted in the Third 
United States Artillery at San Francisco, .serving 
with the Army of the Potomac until his discharge 
in 1864, and taking part in every battle in which 
his command was engaged. After his return in 
1865, he located in St. Clair County, and was 
elected County Survej'or, served three consecu- 
tive terms as County Treasurer, and was elected 
State Treasurer three times — 18T3, '76 and "80. 
About 1893 he removed to California, where he 
now resides. 

RYAN, Edward 0., early editor and jurist, 
born at Newcastle House, County Meath, Ireland, 
Nov. 13, 1810; was educated for the priesthood, 
but turned his attention to law, and, in 1830, 
came to New York and engaged in teaching 
while prosecuting his legal studies; in 1836 re- 
moved to Cliicago. where he was admitted to the 
bar and was, for a time, associated in practice 
witli Hugh T. Dickey. In April, 1840, Mr. Ryan 
assumed the e<litorship of a weekly paper in Chi- 
cago called "The Illinois Tribune," which he 
conducted for over a year, and which is remem- 
bered chiefly on account of its bitter assaults on 
Judge John Pearson of Danville, who had 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



4G3 



aroused the hostility of jome members of tlie 
Chicago bar by his rviliiigs upon the bench. 
.\bout 1842 Ryan removed to Milwaukee, AVis.. 
where lie was. for a time, a partner of Matthew 
H. Carpenter (afterwards United States Senator), 
and was connected with a number of celebrated 
trials before the courts of that State, including 
the Barstow-Bashford case, which ended with 
Ftiishford becoming the first Republican Governor 
of AVisconsin. In 1874 he was appointed Chief 
Justice of Wisconsin, serving until his death, 
wliicli occurred at Madison, Oct. 19, 1880. He 
was a strong partis;in, and, during the Civil War, 
was an intense opimnent of the war policy of the 
Government. In spite of infirmities of temper, 
he appears to have been a man of much learning 
and recognized legal ability. 

RYAN, James, Roman Catholic Bishop, born 
in Ireland in 1848 and emigrated to America in 
childhood; was educated for the priesthood in 
Kentucky, and. after ordination, was made a pro- 
fessor in St. Joseph's Seminary, at Bardstown, 
Kj-. In 1878 he removed to Illinois, attuching 
himself to the diocese of Peoria, and having 
charge of parishes at Wataga and Danville. In 
1881 he became rector of the Ottawa jjarish, 
within the episcopal jurisdiction of the Arch- 
bishop of Chicago. In 1888 he was made Bishop 
of the see of Alton, the prior incumbent (Bishop 
Baltes) having died in 1886. 

SACS AM) FOXES, two confederated Indian 
tribes, who were among the most warlike and 
powerful of the aborigines of the Illinois Country. 
The Fo.vcs called themselves the Musk-wah-ha- 
kee, a name compounded of two words, signify- 
ing "those of red earth." The French cuiUed 
them Outaga-mies, that being their spelling of 
the name given them by other tribes, the mean- 
ing of which was "Foxes," and which was 
bestowed upon them because their totem (or 
armorial device, as it may be called) was a fox. 
They seem to have been driven westward from 
the northern shore of Lake Ontario, by way of 
Niagara and JIackinac, to the region around 
Green Bay, Wis. — Concerning their allied breth- 
ren, the Sacs, less is known. The name is vari- 
ously spelled in the Indian dialects — Ou-sa-kies, 
Sauks. etc. — and the term Sacs is unquestionably 
an abbreviated corruption. Black Hawk be- 
longed to this tribe. The Foxes and Sacs formed 
a confederation according toatwriginal tradition, 
on what is now known as the Sac River, near 
Green Bay, but the date of the alliance cannot 
be determined. The origin of the Sacs is equally 



uncertain. Black Hawk claimed that his tribe 
origiuall}' dwelt around Quebec, but, as to the 
authenticity of this claim, historical authorities 
differ widely. Subsequent to 1070 the. history of 
the allied tribes is tolerably well defined. Their 
characteristics, location and habits are described 
at some length bj- Father AUouez, who visited 
them in lG(!()-67, He says that they were numer- 
ous and warlike, but depicts them as "penurious, 
avaricious, thievish and quarrelsome." That 
they were cordially detested by their neighbors 
is certain, and Judge James Hall calls them "the 
Ishmaelites of the lakes. " They were unfriendly 
to the French, who attached to themselves other 
tribes, and. through the aid of the latter, had 
well-nigh exterminated them, when the Sacs and 
Foxes sued for peace, which was granted on 
terms most humiliating to the vanquisIuM i . By 
1718, however, they were virtually in possession 
of the region around Rock River in Illinois, and, 
four years later, through the aid of the Mascou- 
tinsand Kickapoos, they had exjielled the Illinois, 
driving the last of that Hl-fated tribe across the 
Illinois River. They abst;iined from taking part 
in the border wars that marked the close of the 
Revolutionarj- War, and therefore did not par- 
ticipate in the treaty of Greenville in 1795. At 
that date, according to Judge Hall, they claimed 
the countrj- as far west as Council Bluffs, Iowa, 
and as far north as Prairie du Chien. They 
offered to co-operate with the United States 
Government in the War of 1812, but this offer 
was declined, and a portion of the tribe, under 
tlie leadership of Black Hawk, enli.sted on the 
side of the British. Tlie Black Hawk War proved 
their political ruin. By the treaty of Rock Island 
the}' ceded va.st tracts of land, including a large 
part of the eastern half of Iowa and a large body 
of land east of the Mississippi. (See Black Hawk 
War: I)ulian Treaties.) In 1842 the Government 
divided the nation into two bands, removing both 
to reservations in the farther West. One was 
located on the Osage River and the other on the 
south side of the Neema-ha River, near the 
northwest corner of Kansas. From these reser- 
vations, there is little doubt, many of them have 
silently emigrated toward the Rocky Mountains, 
where the hoe might be laid aside for the rifle, 
the net and the spear of the hunter. A few 
years ago a part of these confederated tribes 
were located in the eastern part of Oklahoma. 

SAILOR SPRINGS, a village and health resort 
in Clay County, 5 miles north of Clay City, has 
an academy and a local paper. Population (1900), 
419; (1903, est), 550. 



464 



HISTOEICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



SALEM, an incorporated city, the county-seat 
of Marion County, on the Baltimore & Ohio South- 
western, the Chicago & Eastern Illinois and the 
Illinois Southern Railroads, 71 miles east of St. 
Louis, and 16 miles northeast of Centralia; in 
agricultural and coal district. A leading indus- 
try is the culture, evaporation and shipment of 
fruit. The city has ilour-mills, two banks and 
three weekly newspapers. Pop. (1890), 1,493; 
(1900), 1,643. 

SALINE COUNTY, a southeastern county, 
organized in 1847, having an area of 380 square 
miles. It derives its name from the salt springs 
which are found in every part of the county. 
The northern portion is rolling and yields an 
abundance of coal of a quality suitable for smith- 
ing. The bottoms are swampy, but heavUy 
timbered, and saw-mills abound. Oak, hickory, 
sweet gum, mulberry, locust and sassafras are 
the prevailing varieties. Fruit and tobacco are 
extensively cultivated. The climate is mild and 
humid, and the vegetation varied. The soil of 
the low lands is rich, and, when drained, makes 
excellent farming lands. In some localities a 
good gray sandstone, soft enough to be worked, 
is quarried, and millstone grit is frequently found. 
In the southern half of the county are the Eagle 
Mountains, a line of hills having an altitude of 
some 450 to 000 feet above the level of the Mis- 
sissippi at Cairo, and believed by geologists to 
have been a part of the upheaval that gave birth 
to the Ozark Mountains in Missouri and Arkan- 
sas. The highest land in the county is 864 feet 
above sea-level. Tradition says that these hills 
are rich in silver ore, but it has not been found 
in paying quantities. Springs strongly impreg- 
nated with sulphur are found on the slopes. The 
county-seat was originally located at Raleigh, 
which was platted in 1848, but it was subse- 
quently removed to Harrisburg, which was laid 
out in 1859. Population of the county (1880), 
1.5,940; (1890), 19,342; (1900), 21,685. 

SALINE RIVER, a stream formed by the con- 
fluence of two branches, both of which flow 
through portions of Saline County, uniting in 
Gallatin County. The North Fork rises in Hamil- 
ton County and runs nearly south, while the 
South Fork drains part of Williamson County, 
and runs east through Saline. The river (which 
is little more than a creek), thus formed, runs 
southeast, entering the Ohio ten miles below 
Shawneetown. 

SALT MANUFACTURE. There is evidence 
going to show that the saline springs, in Gallatin 
County, were utilized by the aboriginal inhabit- 



ants in the making of salt; long before the advent . 
of white settlers. There have been discovered, at 
various points, what appear to be the remains of 
evaporating kettles, composed of hardened clay 
and pounded shells, varying in diameter from 
three to four feet. In 1812, with a view to en- 
couraging the manufacture of salt from these 
springs. Congress granted to Illinois the use of 
36 square miles, the fee still remaining in the 
United States. These lands were leased by the 
State to private parties, but the income derived 
from them was comparatively small and fre- 
quently difficult of collection. The workmen 
were mostly slaves from Kentucky and Tennes- 
see, who are especially referred to in Article VI., 
Section 2, of the Constitution of 1818. The salt 
made brought ?5 per 100 pounds, and was shipped 
in keel-boats to various points on the Ohio, Mis- 
sissippi, Tennessee and Cumberland Rivers, while 
many purchasers came hundreds of miles on 
horseback and carried it away on pack animals. 
In 1827. the State treasury being empty and the 
General Assembly having decided to erect a peni- 
tentiary at Alton, Congress was petitioned to 
donate these lands to the State in fee, and per- 
mission was granted "to sell 30,000 acres of the 
Ohio Salines in Gallatin County, and apply the 
proceeds to such purposes as the Legislature 
might by law direct."' The sale was made, one- 
half of the proceeds set apart for the building of 
the penitentiary, and one-half to the improve-' 
ment of roads and rivers in the eastern part of 
the State. The manufacture of salt was carried 
on, however — for a time by lessees and subse- 
quentlj' by owners — until 1873, about wliich time 
it was abandoned, chiefly because it had ceased 
to be profitable on account of competition with 
other districts possessing superior facilities. 
Some salt was manufactured in Vermilion County 
about 1824. The manufacture has been success- 
fully carried on in recent years, from the product 
of artesian wells, at St. John, in Perry Coimty. 

SANDOVAL, a village of Marion Coimty, at 
the crossing of the western branch of the Illinois 
Central Rdlroad, and the Baltimore & Ohio 
Southwestern, 6 miles north of Centralia. The 
town has coal mines and some manufactures, 
with banks and one newspaper. Population 
(1880), .564; (1890), 834; (1900), 1,258. 

SANDSTONE. The quantity of sandstone quar- 
ried in Illinois is comparatively insignificant, its 
value being less than one- fifth of one per cent of 
the value of the output of the entire country. 
In 1890 the State ranked twenty-fifth in the li.st 
of States producing this mineral, the total value 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOrEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



•165 



of the stone quarried being but §17,896, repre- 
senting 141,(iOo cubic feet, taken from ten quar- 
ries, which employed forty-six hands, and liad an 
aggregate capital invested of $4!), 400. 

SA>DWICII, a city in De Kalb County, incor- 
porated in 1878, on the Chicago, Burlington & 
Quincy Railroad, 58 miles southwest of Chicago. 
The jirincipal industries are the manufacture of 
agricultural implements, hay-presse.s, corn-shell- 
ers. puuips and wind-mills. Sandwich has two 
private banks, two weekly and one semi-weeklj' 
papers. Pop. (1890), 2..51(5; (1900), 2,.'520; (1903), 
2,865. 

SAXGAMOX COUXTY, a central count.v, 
organized imder act of June 30, 1821, from parts 
of Bond and Madison Counties, and embracing 
the present counties of Sangamon, Cass, Slenard, 
Mason, Tazewell. Logan, and parts of Morgan, 
McLean. Woodford, Marshall and Putnam. It 
was named for the river flowing through it. 
Though reduced in area somewhat, four years 
later, it extended to the Illinois River, but was 
reduced to its present limits by the setting a])art 
of Menard, Logan and Dane (now Christian) 
Counties, in 1839. Henry Funderburk is believed 
to have been the first white settler, arriving 
there in 1817 and locating in wliat is now Cotton 
Hill Township, being followed, the next year, by 
William Drennan, Joseph Dodds, James McCoy, 
Robert PuUiam and others. John Kelly located 
on the present site of the city of Springfield in 
1818, and was there at the time of the selection 
. of that place as the temporary seat of justice in 
1821. Other settlements were made at Auburn, 
Island Grove, and elsewhere, and population 
began to flow in rapidly. Remnants of the Potta- 
watomie and Kickapoo Indians were still there, 
but soon moved north or west. County organi- 
zation was effected in 1821, the first Board of 
County Commissioners being composed of Wil- 
liam Drennan, Zachariah Peter and Samuel Lee. 
John Reynolds (afterwards Governor) held the 
first term of Circuit Court, with John Taylor, 
Sheriff ; Henry Starr, Prosecuting Attorney, and 
Charles R. Matheny, Circuit Clerk. A United 
States Land Office was established at Springfield 
in 1823, with Pascal P. Enos as Receiver, the 
first sale of lands taking place the same year. 
The soil of Sangamon County is exuberantly fer- 
tile, with rich underlying deposits of bituminous 
coal, which is mined in large quantities. The 
chief towns are Springfield, Auburn, Riverton, 
lUiopolis and Pleasant Plains. Tlie area of the 
county is 800 square miles. Population (1880), 
52,894; (1890), 61,195; (lUOOj, 71,593. 



SAXGAMOX RIVER, formed by the union of 

the North and South Forks, of which the former 
is the longer, or main branch. The North Fork 
rises in the northern part of Champaign County, 
whence it runs southwest to the city of Decatur, 
thence westward through Sangamon County, 
forming the north boundary of Christian County, 
and emptying into the Illinois River about 9 miles 
above Beardstown. The Sangamon is nearly 240 
miles long, including the North Fork. The 
South Fork flows through Christian County, and 
joins the North Fork about G miles east of 
Springfield. In the early history of the State the 
Sangamon was regarded as a navigable stream, 
and its improvement was one of the measures 
advocated by Abraham Lincoln in 1832, when he 
was for the first time a candidate (though unsuc- 
cessfully) for the Legislature. In the spring of 
1832 a small steamer from Cincinnati, called the 
"Talisman,"" ascended the river to a point near 
Springfield. The event was celebrated with 
great rejoicing by the people, but the vessel 
encountered so much difficulty in getting out of 
the river that the experiment was never 
repeated. 

SANGAMON & MORGAN RAILROAD. (See 
Wabash Railroad.) 

SANGER, Lorenzo P., railway and canal con- 
tractor, was born at Littleton. N. H., March 2, 
1809; brought in childhood to Livingston County, 
N. Y., where his father became a contractor on 
the Erie Canal, the son also being employed upon 
the same work. The latter subsequently became 
a contractor on the Pennsylvania Canal on his 
own account, being known as "the boy contract- 
or." Then, after a brief experience in mercantile 
business, and a year spent in the construction of a 
canal in Indiana, in 1836 he came to Illinois, and 
soon after became an extensive contractor on the 
Illinois & Michigan Canal, having charge of rock 
excivvation at Lockport. He was also connected 
with the Rock River improvement .scheme, and 
interested in a line of stages between Chicago 
and Galena, which, having been consolidated 
with the line managed by the firm of Fink & 
Walker, finally became the Northwestern Stage 
Company, extending its operations throughout 
Michigan, Indiana, Illinois. Wisconsin, Iowa 
and Missouri — Mr. Sanger having charge of the 
Western Division, for a time, with head<iuarters 
at St. Louis. In 1851 he became the head of the 
firm of Sanger, Camp & Co., contractors for the 
construction of the Western (or Illinois) Division 
of the Ohio & Mississippi (now the Baltimore & 
Ohio Southwestern) Railway, upon which he 



466 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



was employed for several years. Other works 
with which he was connected were the North 
Missouri Railroad and the construction of the 
State Penitentiary at Joliet, as member of the 
firm of Sanger & Casey, for a time, also lessees of 
convict labor. In 1863 Mr. Sanger received from 
Governor Yates, by request of President Lincoln, 
a commission as Colonel, and was assigned to 
staff duty in Kentucky and Tennessee. After 
the war he became largely interested in stone 
quarries adjacent to Joliet ; also had an extensive 
contract, from the City of Chicago, for deepening 
the Illinois & Michigan Canal. Died, at Oakland, 
Cal., March 23, 1875, whitlier he liad gone for the 
benefit of his health. — James Young (Sanger), 
brother of the preceding, was born at Sutton, 
Vt., Marcli 14, 1814; in boyhood spent some time 
in a large mercantile establishment at Pittsburg, 
Pa., later being associated with liis father and 
elder brother in contracts on the Erie Canal and 
similar works in Pennsylvania, Oliio and Indi- 
ana. At the age of 32 he came with his father's 
family to St. Joseph, Midi., where tliey estab- 
lished a large supply store, and engaged in 
bridge-building and similar enterprises. At a 
later period, in connection with his father and 
his brother, L. P. Sanger, he was prominently 
connected with the construction of the Illinois & 
Michigan Canal — the aqueduct at Ottawa and 
the locks at Peru being constructed by them. 
About 18.'J0 the Construction Company, of which 
he and liis brother, L. P. Sanger, were leading 
members, undertook the construction of the Ohio 
& Mississippi (now Baltimore & Ohio Southwest- 
ern) Railroad, from St. Louis to Vincennes, Ind., 
and were prominently identified with other rail- 
road enterprises in Southern Illinois, Missouri and 
California. Died, July 3, 1867, wlien consum- 
mating arrangements for the performance of a 
large contract on tlie Union Pacific Railroad. 

SAMTARY COMMISSION. (See Illinois San- 
itary Com m is.sion. ) 

SAMTARY DISTRICT OF CHICAGO. (See 
Chicago Drainage Canal.) 

SAUtfANASH, the Indian name of a half-breed 
known as Capt. Billy Caldwell, the son of a 
British officer and a Pottawatomie woman, born 
in Canada about 1780; received an education 
from the Jesuits at Detroit, and was able to 
speak and write English and French, besides 
several Indian dialects ; was a friend of Tecum- 
seh's and, during the latter part of his life, a 
devoted friend of the whites. He took up his 
residence in Chicago about 1830, and, in 1826, 
was a Justice of the Peace, while nominally a 



subject of Great Britain and a Chief of the Otta- 
was and Pottawatomies. In 1838 tlie Govern- 
ment, in consideration of his services, built for 
Iiim the first frame house ever erected in Chicago, 
wliicli he occupied until his departure with his 
tribe for Council Bluffs in 1836. By a treaty, 
made Jan. 2, 1830, reservations were granted by 
the Government to Sauganash, Shabona and 
other friendly Indians (see Shabona). and 1,240 
acres on the North Branch of Chicago River set 
apart for Caldwell, which he sold before leaving 
the country. Died, at Council Bluffs, Iowa, 
Sept. 28, 1841. 

SAVAGE, George S. F., D.D., clergyman, was 
born at Cromwell, Conn., Jan. 29, 1817; gradu- 
ated at Yale College in 1844 ; studied theology at 
Andover and New Haven, graduating in 1847; 
was ordained a home missionary the same year 
and spent twelve years as pastor at St. Charles, 
111., for four years being corresponding editor of 
"Tlie Prairie Herald" and "The Congregational 
Herald." For ten years he was in the service of 
the American Tract Society, and. <luring the Civil 
War, was engaged in sanitary and religious work 
in the army. In 1870 he was appointed Western 
Secretary of the Congregational Publisliing 
Society, remaining two years, after which lie be- 
came Financial Secretary of the Cliicago Tlieo- 
logical Seminary. He has also been a Director 
of the institution since 1854, a Trustee of Beloit 
College since 1850, and, for several years, editor 
and publisher of "The Congregational Review." 

SAVANNA, a city in Carroll County, situated 
on the Mississippi River and the Chicago, Bur- 
lington & Northern and the Chicago, Milwaukee 
& St. Paul Railways; is 10 miles west of Moimt 
Carroll and about 20 miles north of Clinton, 
Iowa. It is an important shipping-point and con- 
tains several manufactories of machinery, lumber, 
flour, etc. It has two State banks, a public 
library, churches, two graded schools, township 
high school, and two daily and weekly news- 
papers. Pop. (1800), 3,097; (1900), 3,335. 

SAYBROOK, a village of McLean County, on 
the Lake Erie & Western Railroad, 36 miles east 
of Bloomington; district agricultural; county 
fairs held here ; the town has two banks and two 
newspapers. Pop. (1890), 851; (1900), 879. 

SCATES, Walter Bennett, juri.st and soldier, 
was born at South Boston, Halifax County, Va., 
Jan. 18, 1808; was taken in infancy to Hopkins- 
ville, Ky., where he resided until 1831, having 
meanwhile learned the printer's trade at Nash- 
ville and studied law at Louisville. In 1831 he 
removed to Frankfort. Franklin County, 111., 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



467 



where, for a time, he was County Surveyor. In 
lM3t), having been appointed Attorney-General, 
he removed to Vandalia, then the seat of govern- 
ment, but resigned at the close of the .same year 
to accept the judgeship of the Third Judicial 
Circuit, and took up liis residence at Shawnee- 
town. In 1841 he was one of five new Judges 
added to the Supreme Court bench, the others 
being Sidney Breese, Stephen A. Douglas, 
Thomas Ford and Samuel II. Treat. In that 
year he removed to Mount Vernon, Jefferson 
County, and, in January, 1S4T, resigned his seat 
upon the bench to resume practice. The same 
year he was a member of the Constitutional Con- 
vention and Chairman of the Committee on 
Judiciary. In June, 1854, he again took a seat 
upon the Supreme Court bench, being chosen to 
succeed Lyman Trumbull, but resigned in May, 
ISriT. and resumed practice in Chicago. In 
1862 he volunteered in defense of the Union, 
received a Major's commission and was assigned 
to duty on the staff of General McClernand ; was 
made, Assistant Adjutant-General and mustered 
out in January, 186H. In July. 1860, President 
Johnson appointed him Collector of Customs at 
Chicago, which position he filled until July 1, 
1869, when he was removed by President Grant, 
during the same jjeriod, being ex-officio custodian 
of United States funds, the office of Assistant 
Treasurer not having been then created. Died, 
at Evanston. Oct. 20, 1880. 

SCAMMOX, Jonathan Young, lawyer and 
banker, was born at Whitefield, Maine, July 27, 
1812; after graduating at Watei-ville (now Colby) 
University in 1831, he studied law and was 
admitted to the bar at Hallowell, in 1835 remov- 
ing to Chicago, where he spent the remainder of 
his life. After a year spent as deputy in the 
office of the Circuit Clerk of Cook County, during 
which he prepared a revision of the Illinois .stat- 
utes, he was ajipointed attorney for the State 
Bank of Illinois in 1837, and, in 1839, became 
reporter of the Supreme Court, which office he 
held until 1845. In the meantime, he was associ- 
ated with several prominent lawyers, his first 
legal firm being that of Scammon, McCagg & 
Fuller, whicli was continued up to the fire of 
1871. A large o])erator in real estate and identi- 
fied with many enterprises of a public or benevo- 
lent character, his most important financial 
venture was in connection with the Chicago 
Marine & Fire Insurance Company, which con- 
ducted an extensive banking basiness for many 
years, and of which he was the President and 
le&ding spirit. As a citizen he was progressive. 



public-spirited and liberal. He was one of the 
main promoters and organizers of the old Galena 
& Chicago Union Railway, the first railroad ti' 
run west from Lake Michigan; was also promi- 
nently identified with the founding of the Chi- 
cago public school sy.stem, a Trustee of the (old) 
Chicago University, and one of the founders of 
the Chicago Historical Society, of the Chicago 
Academy of Sciences and the Chicago Astro- 
nomical Society — being the first President 
of the latter body. He erected, at a cost of 
§30,000, the Fort Dearborn Observatory, in 
which he caused to be placed the most power- 
ful telescope which had at that time been brought 
to the West. He also maintained the observatory 
at his own expense. He was the pioneer of 
Swedenborgianism in Chicago, and, in jwlitics, a 
staunch Whig, and, later, an ardent Republican. 
In 1844 he was one of the founders of "The Chi- 
cago American," a paper designed to advance 
the candidacy of Henry Clay for the Presidency; 
and, in 1872, when "The Cliicago Tribune" 
espoused the Liberal Republican cause, he started 
"The Inter-Ocean" as a Republican organ, being, 
for some time, its sole proprietor and editor-in- 
chief. He was one of the first to encourage the 
adoption of the homeopathic system of medicine 
in Chicago, and was prominently cimnected with 
the founding of the Halmemann Medical College 
and the Hahnemann Hospital, being a Trustee in 
both for man}' years. As a member of the (ien- 
eral .Assembly he secured the pas,sage of many 
imiX)rtant measures, among them being legisla- 
tion looking toward the bettering of the currency 
and the banking system. He accumulated a 
large fortune, but lost mo.st of it by the fire of 
1871 and the panic of 1873. Died, in Chicago, 
March 17, 1890. 

SCARRITT, Nathan, pioneer, was born in Con- 
necticut, came to Edwardsville, 111., in 1821). and, 
in 1821, located in Scarritfs Prairie, Madison 
County. His sons afterward became influential 
in business and Methodist church circles. Died, 
Dec. 12, 1847. 

SCENERY, NATURAL. Notwithstanding the 
uniformity of surface which characterizes a 
country containing no mountain ranges, but 
which Ls made up largely of natural prairies, 
there are a number of localities in Illinois where 
scenery of a picturesque, and even bold and 
rugged character, may be found. One of the 
most striking of these features is produced by a 
spur or low range of hills from the Ozark Moun- 
tains of Missouri, projected across the southern 
part of the State from the vicinity of Grand 



468 



HISTOEICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



Tower in Jackson County, through the northern 
part of Union, and through portions of William- 
son, Johnson, Saline, Pope and Hardin Counties. 
Grand Tower, the initial point in the western 
part of the State, is an isolated cliff of limestone, 
standing out in the channel of the Mississippi, 
and forming an island nearly 100 feet above low- 
water level. It has been a conspicuous landmark 
for navigators ever since the discovery of the 
Mississippi. "Fountain Bluff,"' a few miles 
above Grand Tower, is another conspicuous point 
immediately on the river bank, formed by some 
isolated hills about three miles long by a mile 
and a half wide, which have withstood the forces 
that excavated the valley now occupied by the 
Mississippi. About half a mile from the lower 
end of this hill, with a low valley between them, 
is a smaller eminence known as the "Devirs 
Bake Oven." The main chain of bluffs, known 
as the "Back Bone," is about five miles from the 
river, and rises to a height of nearly 700 feet 
above low-tide in the Gulf of Mexico, or more 
than 400 feet above the level of the river at 
Cairo. "Bald Knob" is a very prominent inland 
bluff promontory near Alta Pass on the line of 
the Mobile & Ohio Railroad, in the northern part 
of Union County, with an elevation above tide- 
water of 985 feet. The highest point in this 
range of hills is reached in the northeastern part 
of Pope County — the elevation at that point (as 
ascertained by Prof. Rolfe of the State University 
at Champaign) being 1,046 feet. — There is some 
striking scenery in the neighborhood of Grafton 
betweeii Alton and the mouth of the Illinois, as 
well as some distance up the latter stream — 
though the landscape along the middle section of 
the Illinois is generally monotonous or only 
gently vmdulating. except at Peoria and a few 
other points, where bluffs rise to a considerable 
height. On the Upper Illinois, beginning at 
Peru, the scenery again becomes picturesque, 
including the celebrated "Starved Rock," the 
site of La Salle's Fort St. Louis (which see). 
This rock rises to a perpendicular height of 
about 125 feet from the surface of the river at the 
ordinary stage. On the opposite side of the river, 
about four miles below Ottawa, is "Buffalo 
Rock," an isolated ridge of rock about two miles 
long by forty to sixtj- rods wide, evidently once 
an island at a period when the Illinois River 
occupied the whole valley. Additional interest 
is given to both these localities by their associ- 
ation with early history. Deer Park, on the Ver- 
milion River — some two miles from where it 
empties into the Illinois, just below "Starved 



Rock" — is a peculiar grotto-like formation, caused 
by a ravine which enters the Vermilion at this 
point. Ascending this ravine from its mouth, 
for a quarter of a mile, between almost perpen 
dicvdar walls, the road terminates abruptly at a 
dome-like overhanging rock which widens at this 
point to about 150 feet in diameter at the base, 
with a height of about 75 feet. A clear spring 
of water gushes fi'om the base of the cliff, and, at 
certain seasons of the year, a beautiul water-fall 
pours from the cliffs into a little lake at the bot- 
tom of the chasm. There is much other striking 
scenery higher up, on both the Illinois and Fox 
Rivers. — A point which arrested the attention of 
the earliest explorers in this region was Mount 
Joliet, near the city of that name. It is first 
mentioned bj- St. Cosme in 1698, and has been 
variously known as Mon jolly, Mont Jolie, Mount 
Juliet, and Mount Joliet. It had an elevation, in 
early times, of about 30 feet with a level top 
1,300 by 225 feet. Prof O. H. Marshall, in "The 
American Antiquarian," expresses tlie opinion 
that, originally, it was an island in the river, 
which, at a remote period, swept down the valley 
of the Des Plaines. Mount Joliet was a favorite 
rallying point of Illinois Indians, who were 
accustomed to hold their councils at its base. — 
The scenery along Rock River is not striking 
from its boldness, but it attracted the attention 
of early explorers by the picturesque beauty of 
its groves, undulating plains and .sheets of water. 
The highest and most abrupt elevations are met 
with in Jo Daviess County, near the Wisconsin 
State line. Pilot Knob, a natural mound about 
three miles south of Galena and two miles from 
the Mississippi, has been a landmark well known 
to tourists and river men ever since the Upper 
^Mississippi began to be navigated. Towering 
above the surrounding bluffs, it reaches an alti- 
tude of some 430 feet above the ordinary level of 
Fever River. A chain of some half dozen of these 
mounds extends some four or five miles in a north- 
easterly direction from Pilot Knob, Waddel's and 
Jackson's Slounds being conspicuous among 
them. There are also some castellated rocks 
around the citj' of Galena which are very strik- 
ing. Charles Mound, belonging to the system 
already referred to, is believed to be the highest 
elevation in the State. It stands near the Wis 
consin State line, and, according to Prof. Rolfe, 
has an altitude of 314 feet above the Illinois Cen- 
tral Railroad at Scales" Moxmd Station, and. 1,257 
feet above the Gulf of Mexico. 

SCHAUMBERG, a village in Schaumberg 
Township, Cook County. Population. 573. 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



469 



SCHNEIDER, Georgre, journalist and banker, 
was boru at Pirmasens, Bavaria, Dec. 13, 1823. 
Being sentenced to death for his participation in 
the attempted rebellion of 1848, he escaped to 
America iu 1849, going from New York to Cleve- 
land, and afterwards to St. Louis. There, iu con- 
net^tion with his brotlier, he establislied a (iermau 
daily — "The New Era" — which was intensely 
anti-slavery and exerted a decided political influ- 
ence, especially among ]>ersons of German birth. 
In 1851 he removed to Chicago, where he became 
editor of "The Staats Zeitung," in which he 
vigorously opposed the Kansas-Nebraska bill on 
its introduction by Senator Douglas. His attitude 
and articles gave such offense to the partisan 
friends of this measure, that "The Zeitung" was 
threatened with destruction by a mob iu IS.')"). 
He earlj- took advanced ground in oi)position to 
slavery, and w;is a member of the convention of 
Anti-Nebraska editors, held at Decatur in 1856, 
and of the first Republican State Convention, held 
at Bloomingtou the same year, as well as of the 
National Republican Conventions of 1856 and 
1860, participating in the nomination of both 
John C. Fremont and Abraham Lincoln for the 
Presidency. In 1861 he was a member of the 
Chicago Union Defense Committee, and was 
appointed, by Mr. Lincoln, Cousul-General at 
Elsinore, Denmark. Returning to .\merica in 
1862, he disposed of his interest in "Tlie Staats 
Zeitung" and was appointed the first Collector of 
Internal Revenue for the Chicago District. On 
retiring from this office he eng-aged in banking, 
subsequently becoming President of the National 
Bank of Illinois, with which he was a.s.sociated 
for a quarter of a century. In 1877 President 
Hayes tendered him the ministry to Switzerland, 
which he declined. In 1880 he was chosen Presi- 
dential Elector for the State-at-large, ako serving 
for a number of years as a member of the Repub- 
lican State Central Committee. 

SCHOFIELD, John 3ItAllister, Major-General, 
was born in Chautauqua County. N. Y., .Sept 29, 
1831; brought to Bristol, Kendall County, 111., in 
1843, and, two years later, removed to Freeport; 
graduated from the United States Military Acad- 
emy, in 18,53, as classmate of Generals McPherson 
and Sheridan ; was assigned to the artillery ser- 
Tice and sers-ed two years in Florida, after which 
he spent five years (1855-60) as an instructor at 
West Point. At the beginning of the Civil AVar 
he was on leave of absence, acting as Professor 
of Physics in Washington University at St. 
Louis, but, waiving his leave, he at once returned 
to duty and was appointed mustering officer; 



then, by permission of the War Department, 
entered the First Missouri Volvmteers as Major, 
serving as Chief of Staff to General Lyon in the 
early battles in Missouri, including Wilson's 
Creek. His subsequent career included the 
organization of the Missouri State Militia (1862), 
command of the .\rmy of the Frontier in South- 
west Missouri, command of the Pejiartment of 
the Missouri and Ohio, ijarticipation in the 
Atlanta campaign and co-operation with Sher- 
man in the capture of the rebel Gen. Joseph E. 
Johnston in North Carolina— his army having 
been transferred for this purpose, from Tennessee 
by way of Washington. After the close of the 
war he went on a special mission to Mexico 
to investigate the French occupation of that 
countrj' ; was commander of the Department of 
the Potomac, and served as Secretary of War, by- 
appointment of President Johnson, from June, 
1868, to March, 1869. On retiring from the Cabi- 
net he was commissioned a full JIajor-General 
and held various Division and Department com- 
mands until 1886, when, on the deatli of General 
Sherman, he succeeded to the command of the 
Army, with headquarters at Washington. 
He was retired under the age limit, Sept. 29, 
1895. His present home is in Washington. 

SCHOLFIELD, John, jurist, was born in Clark 
County, 111. , iu 1834 ; acquired the rudiments of 
an education in the common schools during boy- 
hood, meanwhile gaining some knowledge of the 
higher branches through toilsome application to 
text-books without a preceptor. At the age of 
20 he entered the law school at Louisville, Ky., 
graduating two years later, and beginning prac- 
tice at Marshall, 111. He defrayed his expenses 
at the law school from the proceeds of the sale of 
a small piece of land to which he had fallen heir. 
In 1856 he was elected State's Attorney, and, in 
1860, was chosen to represent his county in the 
Legislature. After serving one term he returned 
to his professional career and succeeded in build- 
ing up a profitable practice. In 1869-70 he repre- 
sented Clark and Cumberland Counties in tho 
Constitutional Convention, and, in 1870, became 
Solicitor for the Vandalia Railroad. In 1873 lie 
was elected to fill the vacancy on the bench of the 
Supreme Court of the State for the Middle Grand 
Division, caused by the resignation of Judge 
Anthony Thornton, and re-elected without oppo- 
sition in 1879 and 1888. Died, in office, Feb. 13, 
1893. It has been claimed that President Cleve- 
land would have tendered him the Chief Justice- 
ship of the United States Supreme Court, had he 
not insistently declined to accept the honor. 



470 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



SCHOOL-HOUSES, EARLY. The primitive 
scliool-houses of Illinois were built of logs, and 
were extremely rude, as regards both structure 
and furnishing. Indeed, the earliest pioneers 
rarely erected a special building to be used as a 
school-house. An old smoke-house, an abandoned 
dwelling, an old block-house, or the loft or one 
end of a settler's cabin not unf I'equently answered 
the purpose, and the clmrch and the court-house 
were often made to accommodate the school. 
When a school-house, as such, was to be built, the 
men of the district gathered at the site selected, 
bringing their axes and a few other tools, with 
their ox-teams, and devoted four or five days to 
constructing a house into which, perhaps, not a 
nail was driven. Trees were cut from the public 
lands, and, without hewing, fashioned into a 
cabin. Sixteen feet square was usually con- 
sidered the proper dimensions. In the walls 
were cut two holes, one for a door to admit light 
and air, and the other for the open fireplace, from 
which rose a chimney, usually built of sticks and 
mud, on the outside. Danger of fire was averted 
by thickly lining the inside of the chimney with 
clay mortar. Sometimes, but only with great 
labor, stone was substituted for mortar made 
from the clay soil. The chimneys were always 
wide, seldom less than six feet, and sometimes 
extending across one entire end of the building. 
The fuel used was wood cut directly from the 
forest, frequently in its green state, dragged to 
the spot in the form of logs or entire trees to be 
cut by the older pupils in lengths suited to the 
width of the chimney. Occasionally there was 
no chimney, the fire, in some of the most primi- 
tive structures, being built on the earth and the 
smoke escaping through a hole in the roof. In 
such Iiouses a long board was set up on the wind- 
ward side, and shifted from side to side as the 
wind varied. Stones or logs answered for 
andirons, clapboards served as shovels, and no 
one complained of the lack of tongs. Roofs were 
made of roughly split clapboards, held in place 
by "weight poles" laid on the boards, and by sup- 
ports starting from "eaves poles.'" The .space 
lietween the logs, which constituted the walls of 
the building, was filled in with blocks of wood 
or "chinking," and the crevices, both exterior 
and interior, daubed over with clay mortar, in 
which straw was sometimes mixed to increase its 
adhesiveness. On one side of the structure one 
or two logs were sometimes cut out to allow the 
admission of light ; and, as glass could not always 
be procured, rain and snow were excluded and 
light admitted by the use of greased pajier. Over 



this space a board, attached to the outer wall by 
leather hinges, was sometimes suspended to keep 
out the storms. The placing of a glass window 
in a country school-house at Edwardsville, in 
1824, was considered an important event. Ordi- 
narily the floor was of the natural earth, although 
this was sometimes covered with a layer of clay, 
firmly packed down. Only the more pretentious 
school-houses had "puncheon floors"; i. e., floors 
made of split logs roughly hewn. Few had 
"ceilings" (so-called), the latter being usuall}- 
made of clapboards, sometimes of bark, on which 
was spread earth, to keep out the cold. The 
seats were also of puncheons (without backs) 
supported on four legs made of pieces of poles 
inserted through augur holes. No one had a desk, 
except the advanced pupils who were learning to 
write. For their convenience a broader and 
smoother puncheon was fastened into the wall 
by wooden pins, in such a way that it would 
slope downward toward the pu|jil, the front being 
supported by a brace extending from the wall. 
When a pupil was writing he faced the wall. 
When he had finished this task, he "reversed him- 
self" and faced the teacher and his schoolmates. 
These adjuncts completed the furnishings, with 
the exception of a split-bottomed chair for the 
teacher (who seldom had a desk) and a pail, or 
"piggin," of water, witli a gourd for a drinking 
cup. Rough and uncouth as these structures 
were, they were evidences of public spirit and of 
appreciation of the advantages of education. 
They were built and maintained by mutual aid 
and sacrifice, and, in them, some of the great men 
of the State and Nation obtained that primary 
training wliich formed the foundation of their 
subsequent careers. (See Education.) 

SCHUYLER COUJS'TY, located in the western 
portion of the State, has an area of 430 square 
miles, and was named for Gen. Philip Schuyler. 
The first American settlers arrived in 1823, and, 
among the earliest pioneers, were Calvin Hobart, 
William H. Taylor and Orris McCartney. The 
county was organized from a portion of Pike 
County, in 1825, the first Commissioners being 
Thomas Blair, Thomas McKee and Samuel Hor- 
ney. The Commissioners appointed to locate the 
county -scat, selected a site in the eastern part of 
the county about one mile west of the ])resent 
village of Pleasant View, to which the name of 
Beardstown was given, and where the earliest 
court was held, Judge John York Sawyer presid- 
ing, with Hart Fellows as Clerk, and Orris Mc- 
Cartney, Sheriff. This location, however, proving 
unsatisfactory, new Commissioners were ap- 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



471 



pointed, who. in the early part of 1826, selected 
the present .site of the city of Rusliville, some 
five miles west of the point originally chosen. 
Tlie new seat of justice was first called Rushton, 
in lienor of Dr. Benjamin Rush, but the name 
was afterwards changed to Rushville. Ephraim 
Eggleston was the pioneer of Rushville. The 
surface of the county is rolling, and the region 
contains excellent farming land, which is well 
watered by the Illinois River and numerous 
creeks. Population (1890). 1G.0I3; (1900), 10,129. 

SCHWATKA, Frederick, Arctic explorer, was 
born at Galena, 111., Sept. 29, 1849; graduated 
from the United States Military Academy in 1871, 
and was commissioned Second Lieutenant in the 
Third Cavalry, serving on the frontier until 1877, 
meantime studying law and medicine, being 
admitted to the bar in 187.5, and graduating in 
medicine in 1876. Having his interest excited by 
reports of traces of Sir John Franklin"s expedi- 
tion, found bj' the Esquimaux, lie obtained leave 
of absence in 1878, and, with Wm. H. Gilder as 
second in command, sailed from New York in the 
"Eothen," June 19, for King William's Land. 
The iiarty returned, Sept. 22, 1880, having found 
an<i buried the skeletons of many of Franklin's 
partv. besides discovering relics which tended to 
clear u|) the mystery of their fate. During this 
period he made a sledge journey of 3,2.')1 miles. 
Again, in 1883, he headed an exploring expedition 
up the Yukon River. After a brief return to 
army duty he tendered his resignation in 1885, 
and the next year led a special expedition to 
Alaska, under the auspices of "The New York 
Times." later making a voyage of discovery 
among the Aleutian Islands. In 1889 lie con- 
ducted an exjiedition to Northern Mexico, wliere 
lie found many interesting relics of Aztec civili- 
zation and of the cliff and cave-dwellers. He 
received the Roquette Arctic Jledal from the 
Geographical Society of Paris, and a medal from 
the Imperial Geographical Society of Russia; also 
published several volumes relating to his re- 
searches, under the titles. "Along Alaska's 
Great River"; "The Franklin Search Under 
Lieutenant Schwatka"; "Nimrod of the North"; 
and "Children of the Cold." Died, at Portland, 
Ore . Nov. 2. 1892. 

SCOTT, James W., journalist, was born in 
Walworth County. Wis., June 26, 1849, the son 
of a printer, editor and publisher. While a boy 
he accompanied his fatlier to Galena, where the 
latter established a newspaper, and where ho 
learned the printer's tra<le. After graduating 
from the Galena high .school, he entered Beloit 



College, but left at the end of his sophomore year. 
Going to New York, he became interested in flori- 
culture, at the same time contributing short 
articles to horticultural periodicals. Later he 
was a compositor in Washington. His first news- 
paper venture was the publication of a weekly 
newspaper in Maryland in 1872. Returning to 
Illinois, conjointly with his father he started 
"The Industrial Press" at Galena, but. in 1875, 
removed to Chicago. There ho purchased "The 
Daily National Hotel Reporter." from which he 
withdrew a few years later. In May, 1881, in 
conjunction with others, he organized The Chi- 
cago Herald Company, in which he ultimately 
secured a controlling interest. His journalisti<' 
and executive capability soon brought additional 
responsibilities. He was chosen President of the 
American Newspaper Publishers' Association, of 
the Chicago Press Club, and of the United Press 
— the latter being an organization for the collec- 
tion and dissemination of telegraphic news to 
journals throughout the United States and Can- 
ada. He was also conspicuously connected with 
the preliminary organization of the World's 
Columbian Exposition, and Chairman of the 
Press Committee. In 1893 he started an evening 
paper at Chicago, which he named "The Post." 
Early in 1895 lie purchased "The Chicago Times," 
intending to consolidate it with "The Herald," 
but before the final consummation of his plans, 
he died suddenly, while on a business visit in 
New York, April 14, 1895. 

SCOTT, John M,, lawyer and jurist, was bom 
in St. Clair County, lU., August 1, 1824; his 
father being of Scotch-Irish descent and his 
mother a Virginian. His attendance upon dis- 
trict schools wa.s supplemented by private tuition, 
and his early education was the best that the 
comparatively new country afforded. He read 
law at Belleville, was admitted to the l)ar in 
1848, removed to McLean County, which con- 
tinued to be his home for nearly fifty years. He 
served as County School Commissioner from 1849 
to 1852, and, in the latter year, waselected County 
Judge. In 18.56 he was an unsucce.ssful Rei)ul)- 
lican candidate for the State Senate, frequently 
speaking from the same platform with .\liraham 
Lincoln. In 1862 he %vas elected Judge of the 
Circuit Court of the Eighth Judicial Circuit, to 
succeed David Davis on the elevation of the 
latter to the bench of the United States Supreme 
Court, and was re-elected in 1867. In 1870, a 
new judicial election being rendered necessary 
by the adoption of the new Constitution, Judge 
Scott was chosen Justice of the Supreme Court 



472 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



for a term of nine years ; was re-elected in 1879, 
but declined a renomination in 1888. Tlie latter 
years of his life were devoted to his private 
affairs. Died, at Bloomington, Jan. 31, 1898. 
Shortly before his death Judge Scott published a 
volume containing a History of the Illinois 
Supreme Court, including brief sketches of the 
earl}- occupants of the Supreme Court bench and 
earl}- lawyers of the State. 

SCOTT, Matthew Thompson, agriculturist 
and real-estate operator, was born at Lexington, 
Ky., Feb. 2-t, 1838; graduated at Centre College 
in 1846, then spent several years looking after his 
father's landed interests in Ohio, when he came 
to Illinois and invested largely in lauds for him- 
self and others. He laid out the town of Chenoa 
in 1856; lived in Springfield in 1870-73, when he 
removed to Bloomington, where he organized the 
McLean County Coal Company, remaining as its 
head until his death; was also tlie founder of 
"The Bloomington Bulletin," in 1878. Died, at 
Bloomington, May 31, 1891. 

SCOTT, Owen, journali.st and ex-Congressman, 
was born in Jackson Township, Elfingham 
County, 111., July 6, 1848, reared on a farm, and, 
after receiving a thorough common-school edu- 
cation, became a teacher, and was, for eight 
years. Superintendent of Schools for his native 
county. In January, 1874, he was admitted to 
the bar, but abandoned practice, ten years later, 
to engage in newspaper work. His first publi- 
cation was "The Effingham Democrat," which he 
left to become proprietor and manager of "The 
Bloomington Bulletin." He was also publisher 
of "The Illinois Freemason," a monthly periodi- 
cal. Before removing to Bloomington he filled 
the offices of City Attorney and Mayor of Effing- 
ham, and also served as Deputy Collector of 
Internal Revenue. In 1890 he was elected as a 
Democrat from the Fourteenth Illinois District 
to the Fifty-second Congress. In 1893 he was a 
candidate for reelection, but was defeated by his 
Republican opponent, Benjamin F. Funk. Dur- 
ing the past few years, Mr. Scott has been editor 
of "The Bloomington Leader." 

SCOTT COUNTY, lies in the western part of 
the State adjoining the Illinois River, and has an 
area of 348 square miles. The region was origi- 
nally owned by the Kickapoo Indians, who 
ceded it to the Government by the treaty of 
Edwardsville, July 30, 1819. Six months later 
(in January, 1830) a party of Kentuckians settled 
near Lynnville (now in Morgan County), their 
names being Thomas Stevens, James Scott, 
Alfred Miller, Thomas Allen, John Scott and 



Adam Miller. Allen erected the first house in the 
county, John Scott the second and Adam Miller 
the third. About the same time came Stephen 
M. Umpstead, whose wife was the first white 
woman in the county. Other pioneers were 
Jedediah Webster, Stephen Pierce, Joseph Dens- 
more, .Jesse Roberts, and Samuel Bogard. The 
country was rough and the conveniences of civi- 
lization few and remote. Settlers took their corn 
to Edwardsville to be ground, and went to Alton 
for their mail. Turbulence early showed itself, 
and, in 1833, a band of "Regulators" was organized 
from the best citizens, who meted out a rough 
and ready sort of justice, until 1830, occasionally 
shooting a desperado at his cabin door. Scott 
County was out off from Morgan and organized 
in 1839. It contains good farming land, much of 
it being originall}' timbered, and it is well 
watered by the Illinois River and numerous 
.small streams. Winchester is the county-seat. 
Population of the county (1880), 10,741; (1890), 
10,304; (1900), 10,455. 

SCRIPPS, John L., journalist, was born near 
Cape Girardeau, Mo., Feb. 18, 1818; was taken to 
Rushville, 111., in childhood, and educated at 
McKendree College; studied law and came to 
Chicago in 1847, with the intention of practicing, 
but, a year or so later, bought a third interest in 
"The Chicago Tribune," which had lieen estab- 
lished diiring the i)revious }-ear. In 1853 he 
withdrew from "The Tribune," and, in conjunc- 
tion with AViUiam Bross (afterwards Lieuten- 
ant-Governor), established "The Daily Demo- 
cratic Press," which was consolidated with "The 
Tribune" in July, 1858, under the name of "The 
Press and Tribune," Mr. Scripps remaining one 
of the editors of the new concern. In 1861 he 
was appointed, by Mr. Lincoln, Postmaster of the 
city of Chicago, serving until 1865, when, having 
sold liis interest in "The Tribune," he engaged in 
the banking business as a member of the firm of 
Scripps, Preston & Kean. His health, however, 
soon showed signs of failure, and he died, Sept. 
31, 1866. at Minneapolis, Minn., whither he had 
gone in hopes of restoration. Mr. Scripps was a 
finished and able writer who did much to elevate 
the standard of Chicago journalism. 

SCROdJGS, George, journalist, was born at 
Wilmington, Clinton, County, Ohio, Oct. 7, 1843 
— the son of Dr. John W. Scroggs, who came to 
Champaign County, 111., in 1851, and, in 1858, 
took charge of "The Central Illinois Gazette." In 
186i"i-67 Dr. Scroggs was active in securing the 
location of the State University at Champaign, 
afterwards serving as a member of the first Board 



mSTUlilCAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



473 



of Trustees of that institution. The son, at the 
age of 10. became an apprentice in his father's 
printing office, continuing until 1862. wlien he 
enlisted as a private in tlie One Hundred and 
Twentyfiftli Illinois Volunteer Infantry, being 
promoted through the positions of Sergeant-Major 
and Second Lieutenant, and finally .serving on 
the staffs of Gen. Jeff. C. Davis and Gen. James 
D. Morgan, but declining a commission as Adju- 
tant of the Sixtieth Illinois. Ho participated in 
tlie battles of Perryville, Chickamauga, Mission 
Kidge and the march with Sherman to the sea. in 
the latter being severely wounded at Bentonville. 
N. C. He remained in the .service until July, 
186.5, when he resigned; then entered the Uni- 
versity at Champaign, later studied law, mean- 
while writing for "The Champaign Gazette and 
Union," of which he finally became sole propri- 
etor. In 1877 he was appointed an Aid-de-Camp 
on the staff of Governor CuUom. and, the follow- 
ing year, was elected to the Thirty-first General 
Assembly, but, before the idose of the session 
(1879). received the appointment of United States 
Consul to Hamburg, (Jermaiiy. He was com- 
pelled to surrender this position, a year later, on 
account of ill-health, and, returning home, died, 
Oct. 13, 1880. 

SEATOXVILLE, a village in Hall Township, 
Bureau County. Population (1900>, U09. 

SECRET.VRIES OF STATE. The following is 
a list of the Secretaries of State of Illinois from 
its admission into the Union down to the present 
time (1899), with the date and duration of the 
terra of each incumbent: Elias Kent Kane, 
1818-22; Samuel D. Lockwood, 1822-23; David 
Blackwell. 1823-24; Morris Birkbeck, October, 
1824 to January, 1825 (failed of confirmation by 
the Senate), George Forquer, 1825-28; Alexander 
Pope Field, 1828-40; Stephen A. Douglas, 1840-41 
(served three months — resigned to take a seat on 
the .Supreme bench); Lyman Trumbull. 184143; 
Thompson Campbell, 1843-46; Horace S. Cooley, 
1840-.50; David L. Gregg. 1850-53; Alexander 
Starne, 1853-57; Ozias M. Hatch. 1857-65; Sharon 
Tyndale. 186.5-69; Edward Rummel, 1869-73; 
George H. Harlow, 1873-81; Henry D. Dement, 
1881-89; Isaac N. Pearson, 1889-93; William H. 

Hinrichsen, 1893-97; James A. Rose, 1897 . 

Nathaniel Pope and Joseph Phillips were the only 
Secretaries of Illinois during the Territorial 
period, the former serving from 1809 to 1816, and 
the latter from 1816 to 1818. Under the first Con- 
stitution (1818) the office of the Secretary of 
State was filled by appointment by the Governor, 
bv anil with the advice and consent of the 



Senate, but without limitation as to term of 
office. By the Constitution of 1848. and again by 
that of 1870, that officer was made elective by 
the people at the same time as the Governor, for 
a term of four years. 

SECRET TREASONABLE SOCIETIES. Early 
in the War of the Rebellion there sprang up, at 
various points in the Northwest, organizations of 
persons disaffected toward the National Govern- 
ment. They were most numerous in Ohio, Indi- 
ana, Illinois, Kentucky and Missouri. At first 
they were known by such titles as "Circles of 
Honor," "Mutual Protective Associations," etc. 
But they had kindred aims and their members 
were soon united in one organization, styled 
"Knights of the Golden Circle." Its secrets 
having been partially disclosed, this body ceased 
to exist — or, it would be more correct to say, 
changed its name — being soon succeeded (1863) 
by an organization of similar character, called 
the "American Knights." These societies, as 
first formed, were rather political than military. 
The "American Knights" had more forcible 
aims, but this, in turn, was also exposed, and the 
order was re-organized under the name of "Sons 
of Libertj'." The last named order started in 
Indiana, and, owing to its more perfect organi- 
zation, rapidly spread over the Northwest, 
acquiring much more strength and influence than 
its predecessors had done. The ultimate author- 
ity of the organization was vested in a Supreme 
Council, whose officers were a "supreme com- 
mander," "secretary of state," and "trea-surer. " 
Each State represented formed a division, under a 
"deputy grand commander. " States were diviiled 
into military districts, under "major-generals." 
County lodges were termed "temples." The 
order was virtually an officered army, and its 
aims were aggressive. It had its commander-in- 
chief, its brigades and its regiments. Three 
degrees were recognized, and the oaths of secrecy 
taken at each initiation surpassed, in binding 
force, either the oath of allegiance or an oath 
taken in a court of justice. The maintenance of 
slavery, and forcible opposition to a coercive 
policy by the Government in dealing with seces- 
sion, were the pivotal doctrines of the order. Its 
methods and purposes were to discourage enlist- 
ments and resist a draft; to aid and protect 
deserters; to disseminate treasonable literature; 
to aid the Confederates in destroying Government 
property. Clement L. Vallandigham, the expat- 
riated traitor, was at its head. and. in 1864, 
claimed that it had a numerical strength of 400,- 
000, of whom 65,000 were in Illinois. Many overt 



474 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



acts were committed, but the organization, hav- 
ing been exposed and defeated in its objects, dis- 
banded in ISe.j. (See Camp Douglas Conspiracy. ) 
SELIJY, Paul, editor, was born in Pickaway 
County, Ohio. July 20, 1825; removed with his 
parents, in 1837, to Van Buren County, Iowa, but, 
at the age of 19, went to Southern Illinois, where 
he spent four years teaching, chiefly in Madison 
County. In 1848 he entered the preparatory 
department of Illinois College at Jacksonville, 
but left the institution during his junior j'ear to 
assume the editorship of ''The Morgan Journal," 
at Jacksonville, with which he remained until 
the fall of 1858, covering the period of the 
organization of the Republican party, in which 
"The Journal"' took an active part. He was a 
member of the Anti-Nebraska (afterwards known 
as Republican) State Convention, which met at 
Springfield, in October, 1854 (the first ever held in 
the State), and, on Feb. 22, 1856, attended and 
presided over a conference of Anti-Nebraska 
editors of the State at Decatur, called to devise a 
line of policy for the newly organizing Repub- 
lican party. (See Anti-Nebraska Editorial 
Convention.) This body appointed the first 
Republican State Central Committee and desig- 
nated the date of the Bloomiugton Convention 
of May 29, following, which put in nomination 
the first Republican State ticket ever named in 
Illinois, which ticket was elected in the foUo^'ing 
November (See Bloomington Convention. ) In 
1859 he prepared a pamphlet giving a history of 
the celebrated Canal scrip fraud, which was 
widely circulated. (See Canal Scrij) Fraud.) 
Going South in the fall of 1859, he was engaged 
in teaching in the State of Louisiana imtil the 
last of June, 1861. Just two weeks before the 
fall of Fort Sumter he was denounced to his 
Southei'n neighbors as an "abolitionist" and 
falfiely charged with having been connected with 
the "underground railroad," in letters from 
secession sympathizers in the North, whose per- 
sonal and political enmity he had incurred while 
conducting a Republican paper in Illinois, some 
of whom referred to Jefferson Davis, Senator 
Slidell, of Louisiana, and other Southern leaders 
as vouchers for their characters. He at once 
invited an investigation by the Board of Trus- 
tees of the institution, of which he was the 
Principal, when that body — although composed, 
for the most part, of Southern men — on the basis 
of testimonials from prominent citizens of Jack- 
sonville, and other evidence, adopted resolutions 
declaring the charges prompted by personal hos- 
tility, and delivered the letters of his accusers into 



his hands. Returning North with his family in 
July, 1861, he spent some nine months in the com- 
missary and transportation branches of the ser- 
vice at Cairo and at Paducah, Ky. In July, 1862, 
he became associate editor of "The Illinois State 
Journal" at Springfield, remaining until Novem- 
ber, 1865. The next six months were spent as 
Assistant Deputy Collector in the Custom House 
at New Orleans, but, returning North in June, 
1866, he soon after became identified with the 
Chicago press, serving, first upon the staff of "The 
Evening Journal" and, later, on "The Repub- 
lican." In May, 1868, he assumed the editorship 
of "The Quincy Whig, " ultimately becoming 
part proprietor of that paper, but, in Januar}, 
1874, resumed his old place on "The State Jour- 
nal," four years later becoming one of its propri- 
etors. In 1880 he was appointed by President 
Hajes Postmaster of Springfield, was reappointed 
by Arthur in 1884, but resigned in 1886. Mean- 
while he had sold his interest in "The Journal," 
but the following year organized a new company 
for its purchase, when he resumed his former 
position as editor. In 1889 he disposed of his 
holding in "The Journal," finally removing to 
Chicago, where he has been employed in literary 
work. In aU he has been engaged in editorial 
work over thirty-five years, of which eighteen 
were spent upon "The State Journal." In 1860 
Mr. Selbj' was complimented by his Alma Mater 
with the honorary degree of A. M. He has been 
twice married, first to Miss Erra Post, of Spring- 
field, who died in November, 1865, leaving two 
daughters, and, in 1870, to Mrs. Mary J. Hitch- 
cock, of Quincy, by whom he had two children, 
both of whom died in infancy. 

SEMPLE, James, United States Senator, was 
born in Green County, Ky., Jan. 5, 1798, of Scotch 
descent ; after learning the tanner"s trade, studied 
law and emigrated to Illinois in 1818. removing 
to Missouri four years later, where he was ad- 
mitted to the bar. Returning to Illinois in 1828, 
he began practice at Edwardsville, but later 
became a citizen of Alton. During the Black 
Hawk War he served as Brigadier-General. He 
was thrice elected to the lower house of the 
Legislature (1833. "84 and '36), and was Speaker 
during the last two terms. In 1833 he was 
elected Attorney -General by the Legislature, but 
served only until the following year, and, in 
1837, was appointed Minister to Granada, South 
America. In 1843 he was appointed, and after- 
wards elected. United States Senator to fill the 
unexpired term of Samuel McRoberts, at the 
expiration of his term (1847) retiring to private 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



475 



life. He laid out the town of Elsah, in Jersey 
County, just south of which he owned a large 
estate on the Mississippi bluffs, where he died. 
Dec. 20, ISGG. 

SENEC.V (formerly Crotty), a vilhige of La 
Salle County, situated on the Illinois River, the 
Illinois it Micliisan Canal and tlie Chicago, Rock 
Island & Pacific and the Cleveland, Cincinnati, 
Chicago & St. Louis Railways, l:^ miles east of 
Ottawa. It has a graded school, several 
churches, a bank, some manufactures, grain 
warehouses, coal mines, telejjhone system and 
one newspaper. Pop. (1890), 1.190; (1900), 1.036. 

SEXN, (Dr.) Nicholas, physican and surgeon, 
was born in the Canton of St. Gaul, .Switzerland, 
Oct. 31, 1844; was brought to America at 8 years 
of age, his parents settling at Washington, Wis. 
He received a grammar school education at Fond 
du Lac, and. in 1864, began the study of medi- 
cine, graduating at the Chicago Jledical College 
in 1868. After some eighteen months spent as 
resident physician in the Cook County Hospital, 
he began practice at Ashford, Wis., but removed 
to Milwaukee in 1874, where he became attending 
physician of tlie Milwaukee Hospital. In 1877 he 
visited Europe, graduated the following year from 
the University of Jlimich, and, on his return, 
became Professor of the Principles of .Surgery 
and Surgical Pathology in Rush Medical College 
in Chic^tgo — also has held the chair of the Prac- 
tice of Surgery in the same institution. Dr. 
Senn has achieved great success and won an 
international reputation in the treatment of 
difficult cases of abdominal surgery. He is the 
author of a number of volumes on different 
branches of surgery which are recognized as 
standard authorities. A few years ago he pur- 
chased the extensive library of the late Dr. Will- 
iam Baum. Professor of Surgery in the University 
of Gottingen, which he presented to the New- 
berry Library of Chicago. In 1893. Dr. Senn wa.s 
appointed Surgeon-General of the Illinois 
National (Juard, and has also been President of 
the Association of Military Surgeons of the 
National Guard, of the United States, besides 
Ijeing identified with various other medical 
bodies. Soon after the beginning of the Spanish- 
American War, he was appointed, by President 
McKinley, a Surgeon of Volunteers with the rank 
of Colonel, and rendered most efficient aid in the 
military branch of the service at Camp Chicka- 
maiiga and in the Santiago campaign. 

SEXTON, (CoL) James A.. Commander-in- 
Chief of Grand Army of the Republic, was l)orn 
in the city of Chicago, Jan. 5, 1844; in .\pril. 



1861, being then only a little over 17. enlisted as a 
private soldier under the first call for troops 
issued by President Lincoln ; at the close of his 
term was appointed a Sergeant, with authority to 
recruit a company which afterwards was attached 
to the Fifty-first Volunteer Infantry. Later, he 
was transferred to the Sixty-seventh with the 
rank of Lieutenant, and, a few months after, to 
the Seventy -second with a commission as Captain 
of Company D, which he had recruited. As com- 
mander of his regiment, then constituting a part 
of the Seventeenth Army Corps, he participated 
in the battles of Columbia. Duck Creek, Spring 
Hill. Franklin and Nashville, and in the Nash- 
ville campaign. Both at Nashville and Franklin 
ho was wounded, and again, at Spanish Fort, by a 
piece of shell which broke his leg. His regiment 
took part in seven battles and eleven skirmishes, 
and, while it went out 907 .strong in officers and 
men, it returned with only 332, all told, although 
it had been recruited by 234 men. He was known 
as "The boy Captain," being only 18 years old 
when he received his first commission, and 21 
when, after participating in the Mobile cam- 
paign, he was mustered out with the rank of 
Lieutenant-Colonel. After the clo.se of the war 
he eugaged in planting in the South, purchasing 
a plantation in Lowndes County. Ala., but. in 
18f)7, returned to Chicago, where he became a 
member of the firm of Cribben, Sexton & Co., 
stove manufacturers, from which he retired in 
1898. In 1884 he served as Presidential Elector 
on the Republican ticket for the Fourth District, 
and. in 1889, was appointed, by President Harrison. 
Postmaster of the city of Chicago, serving over 
five years. In 1888 he was chosen Department 
Commander of the Grand Army of the Republic 
for the State of Illinois, and, ten years later, to 
the position of Commander-in-Chief of the order, 
which he held at the time of his death. He had 
also been, for a number of yeare, one of the Trus- 
tees of the Soldiers' and Sailors' Home at Quincy, 
and. during most of the time. President of the 
Board. Towards the close of the year 1898, lie 
was appointed bj- President McKinley a member 
of the Commission to investigate the conduct of 
the Spanish-.Vmerican War. but, before the Com- 
mission had concluded its labors, was taken with 
"the grip," which developed into pneumonia, 
from which he died in Wiishington, Feb. .5, 1890. 
SEYMOUR, George Franklin. Protestant Epis- 
copal Bishop, was born in New York City, Jan. ."i. 
1829; graduated from Columbia College in 1850, 
and from the General Theological Seminary 
(New York) in 1854. He received both minor 



476 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



and major orders at the hands of Bishop Potter, 
being made deacon in 1854 and ordained priest in 
1855. For several years he was engaged in mis- 
sionary work. During this period he was promi- 
nently identified with the founding of St. 
Stephen's College. After serving as rector in 
various parishes, in 1865 he was made Professor 
of Ecclesiastical History in the New York Semi- 
nary, and, ten years later, was chosen Dean of 
the institution, still retaining his professorship. 
Racine College conferred upon him the degree of 
S.T.D., in 1867, and Columbia that of LL.D. in 
1878. In 1874 he was elected Bishop of Illinois, 
but failed of confirmation in the House of Depu- 
ties. Upon the erection of the new diocese of 
Springfield (1877) he accepted and was conse- 
crated Bishop at Trinity Church, N. Y., June 11, 
1878. He was a prominent member of the Third 
Pan-Anglican Council (London, 1885), and has 
done much to foster the growth and extend the 
influence of his church in his diocese. 

SHABBONA, a village of De Kalh County, on 
the Iowa Division of the Chicago, Burlington & 
Quincy Railroad, 25 miles west of Aurora. 
Population (1890), .503; (1900), 587. 

SHABONA (or Shabbona), an Ottawa Chief, 
was born near the Maumee River, in Ohio, about 
1775, and served under Tecumseh from 1807 to 
the battle of the Thames in 1813. In 1810 he 
accompanied Tecumseh and Capt. Billy Caldwell 
(see Saugcntash) to the homes of the Pottawato- 
mies and other tribes within the present limits of 
Illinois and Wisconsin, to secure their co-oper- 
ation in driving the white settlers out of the 
country. At the battle of the Thames, he was by 
the side of Tecumseh when he fell, and both he 
and Caldwell, losing faith in their British allies, 
soon after submitted to the United States through 
General Cass at Detroit. Shabona was opposed 
to Black Hawk in 1832, and did much to thwart 
the plans of the latter and aid the whites. Hav- 
ing married a daughter of a Pottawatomie chief, 
who had a village on the Illinois River east of 
the present city of Ottawa, he lived there for 
some time, but finally removed 25 miles north to 
Shabona's Grove in De Kalb County. Here he 
remained till 1837, when he removed to Western 
Missouri. Black Hawk's followers having a 
reservation near by, hostilities began between 
them, in which a son and nephew of Shabona 
were killed. He finally returned to his old home 
in Illinois, but found it occupied by whites, who 
drove him from the grove that bore his name. 
Some friends then bought for him twenty acres 
of land on blazon Creek, near Morris, where he 



died, July 27, 1859. He is described as a noble 
specimen of his race. A life of him has been 
published by N. Matson (Chicago, 1878). 

SHANNON, a village of Carroll County, on the 
Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul Railway, 18 miles 
southwest of Freeport. It is an important trade 
center, has a bank and one newspaper. Popu- 
lation (1890), 591; (1900), 678. 

SHAW, Aaron, former Congressman, born in 
Orange County, N. Y., in 1811; was educated at 
the Montgomery Academy, studied law and was 
admitted to the bar at Goshen in that State. In 
1833 he removed to Lawrence Count}", 111. He 
has held various important public offices. He 
was a member of the first Internal Improvement 
Convention of the State; was chosen State's 
Attorney by the Legislature, in which body he 
served two terms ; served four years as Judge of 
the Twenty-fifth Judicial Circuit; was elected to 
the Thirty-fifth Congress in 1856, and to the 
Forty-eighth in 1882, as a Democrat. 

SHAW, James, lawj^er, jurist, was born in Ire- 
land, May 3, 1832, brought to this country in in- 
fancy and grew up on a farm in Cass Countj', 111. : 
graduated from Illinois College in 1857, and, after 
admission to the bar, began practice at Mount 
Carroll. In 1870 he was elected to the lower 
house of the General Assembly, being re-elected 
in 1873, '76 and '78. He was Speaker of the 
House during the session of 1877, and one of the 
Republican leadei-s on the floor during the suc- 
ceeding session. In 1872 he was chosen a Presi- 
dential Elector, and, in 1891, to a .seat on the 
Circuit bench from the Thirteenth Circuit, 
and, in 1897 was re-elected for the Fifteenth 
Circuit. 

SHAWNEETOWN, a city and the county-seat 
of Gallatin Count}', on the Ohio River 120 miles 
from its mouth and at the terminus of the Shaw- 
neetown Divisions of the Baltimore & Ohio South- 
western and the Louisville & Nashville Railroads: 
is one of the oldest towns in the State, having 
been laid out in 1808, and noted for the number 
of prominent men who resided there at an early 
day. Coal is extensively mined in that section, 
and Shawneetown is one of the largest shipping 
points for lumber, coal and farm products 
between Cairo and Louisville, navigation being 
open the year round. Some manufacturing is 
done here; the city has several mills, a foundry 
and machine shop, two or three banks, several 
churches, good schools and two weekly papers. 
Since the disastrous floods of 1884 and 1898, Shaw- 
neetown has reconstructed its levee system on a 
substantial scale, which is now believed to furnish 



HISTOKICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



477 



ample protection against the recurrence of similar 
disaster. Pop. (I'JOO). 1,698; (1903, est.), 2,200. 

SHEAHAX, James W., journalist, was born in 
Baltimore. Mil., spent his early life, after reaching 
niaubooil, in Washington City as a Congressional 
Reporter, and, in 1817, reported the proceedings 
of tlie Illinois State Constitutional Convention at 
Springfield. Through the influence of Senator 
Douglas he was induced, in 1854. to accept the 
editorship of "The Young America" newspaper 
at Chicago, which was soon after changed to 
"The Chicago Times." Here lie remained until 
the fall of 1800, when, "The Times" having been 
sold and consolidated witli "The Herald," a 
Buchanan-Brec'kenridge organ, he established a 
new paper called "The Morning Post." This lie 
made representative of the views of the "War 
Democrats" as against "The Times," which was 
opposed to the w'ar. In May. 18G5, he sold the 
plant of "The Post" and it became "The Chicago 
Republican" — now "Inter Ocean." A few 
months later. Mr. Sheahan accepted a position as 
chief writer on the editorial staff of "The Chicago 
Tribune," which he retained until his death, 
June 17, 188;i. 

SHEFFIELD, a prosperous village of Bureau 
Count)', on the Chicago, Rock Island & Pacific 
Railrojid, 44 miles east of Rosk Island; has valu- 
able coal mines, a bank and one newspaper. 
Poimlation (1890). 993; (1900). 1.26.'}. 

SHELBY COUNTY, lies south of the center of 
the State, and contains an area of 776 square 
miles. The tide of immigration to this countj' 
was at first from Kentucky, Tennessee and North 
Carolina, although later it began to set in from 
the Northern States. The first cabin in the 
county wa-s built by Simeon Wakefield on what is 
now the site of Williamsburg, first called Cold 
Spring. Joseph Daniel was the earliest settler in 
what is now Shelbyville. pre-empting ten acres, 
which he soon afterward sold to Joseph Oliver, 
the [uoneer merchant of the county, and father 
of the first wliite child born within its limits. 
Other pioneers were Shimei Wakefield. Levi 
Casey and Samuel Hall. In lieu of hats the early 
settlers wore caps made of squirrel or coon skin, 
with the tails dangling at the backs, and he was 
regarded as well dres-sed who boasted a fringed 
buckskin shirt and trousers, with moccasins. 
The county Wcis formed in 1827, and Shelbyville 
made the county-seat. Both county and town 
are named in honor of Governor Shelby, of Ken- 
tucky. County Judge Joseph Oliver held the 
first court in the cabin of Barnett Bone, and 
Judge Theophilus W. Smith presided over the 



first Circuit Court in 1828. Coal is abundant, 
and limestone and sandstone are also found. The 
surfa<-e is somewhat rolling and well wooded. 
Tlie Little AVabash and Kaskaskia Rivers flow 
through the central and southeastern portions. 
The county lies in the very heart of the great 
com belt of the State, and has excellent transpor- 
tation facilities, being penetrated by four lines of 
railway. Population (1880), 30,270; (1890), 31,- 
191; (1900), 32.126. 

SHELBYVILLE, the county-seat and an incor- 
porated city of Slielby County, on the Kaskaskia 
River and two lines of railway, 32 miles .soutlieast 
of Decatur. Agriculture is carried on exten- 
sively, and there is considerable coal mining in 
the immediate vicinity. The city has two flour- 
ing mills, a handle factory, a creamer}-, one 
National and one State bank, one daily and four 
weekly papers and one monthly periodical, an 
Orphans' Home, ten churches, two graded 
schools, and a public library. Population (1890), 
3,102; (1900). 3,.54G. 

SHELDON, a village of Iroquois County, at the 
intersection of the Cleveland, Cincinnati, Chicago 
& St. Louis and the Toledo. Peoria & Western 
Railways, 9 miles east of Watseka; has two banks 
and a newspaper. The region is agricultural. 
Pop (1890), 910; (1900), 1,103. 

SHELDON, Benjamin R., jurist, was born in 
Massachusetts in 1813, graduated from Williams 
College in 1831, studied law at the Yale Law 
School, and was admitted to practice in 1836. 
Emigrating to Illinois, he located temporarily at 
Hennepin, Putnam County, but soon removed to 
Galena, and finally to Rockford. In 1848 he was 
elected Circuit Judge of the Sixth Circuit, which 
afterwards being divided, he was assigned to the 
Fourteenth Circuit, remaining until 1870, when 
he was elected a Justice of the Supreme Court, 
presiding as Chief Justice in 1877. He was re- 
elected in 1879, but retired in 1888, being suc- 
ceeded by the late Justice Baile\'. Died, April 
13. 1897. 

SHEPPARD, Nathan, author and lecturer, was 
born in Baltimore. Md., Nov. 9, 1834; graduated 
at Rochester Theological Seminary in 18.59; dur- 
ing the Civil War was special correspondent of 
"The New York World" and "The Chicago Jour- 
nal" and "Tribune," and. during the Franco- 
German War, of "The Cincinnati Gazette;" also 
ser^-ed as special American correspondent of 
"The London Times," and was a contributor to 
"Frazer's Magazine" and "Temple Bar." In 1873 
he became a lecturer on Modern English Liter- 
ature and Rhetoric in Chicago University and, 



478 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



four years later, accepted a similar position in 
Allegheny College; also spent four years in 
Europe, lecturing in the principal towns of Great 
Britain and Ireland. In 18^4 he founded the 
"Athenaeum'' at Saratoga Springs, N. Y., of 
which he was President until his death, early in 
1888. "The Dickens Reader," "Character Read- 
ings from George Eliof and "E.ssays of George 
Eliot" were among the Tolumes issued by him 
between 1881 and 1887. Died in New York City, 
Jan. 24, 1888. 

SHERMAX, Alson Smith, early Chicago Mayor, 
was born at Barre, Vt., April 31, 1811, remaining 
there until 1836, when he came to Chicago and 
began business as a contractor and builder. Sev- 
eral years later he opened the first stone quarries 
at Lemont, 111. Mr. Sherman spent many years 
in the service of Cliicago as a public official. 
From 1840 to 1843 he was Captain of a company 
of militia ; for two j-ears served as Chief of the 
Fire Department, and was elected Alderman in 
1843. serving again in 1846. In 1844, he was 
chosen Mayor, his administration being marked 
by the first extensive public improvements made 
in Chicago. After his term as Mayor he did 
much to secure a better water supply for the 
city. He was especially interested in promoting 
common school education, being for several years 
a member of the City School Board. He was 
Vice-President of the first Board of Trustees of 
Northwestern University. Retired from active 
pursuits. Mr. Sherman is now (1899) spending a 
serene old age at Waukegan, 111. — Oren (Sherman) 
brother of the preceding and early Chicago mer- 
chant, was born at Barre, Vt., March 5, 1816. 
After spending several years in a mercantile 
house in Montpelier, Vt., at the age of twenty he 
came west, first to New Buffalo, Mich., and, in 
1836, to Chicago, opening a dry-goods store there 
the next spring. With various partners Mr. 
Sherman continued in a general mercantile busi- 
ness until 18.')8, at the same time being extensively 
engaged in the provision trade, one-half tlie entire 
transactions in pork in the city passing through 
his hands. Next he engaged in developing stone 
quarries at Lemont, 111. ; also became extensively 
interested in tlie marble business, continuing in 
this until a few years after the panic of 1873. 
when he retired in consequence of a shock of 
paralysis. Died, in Chicago. Dec. 15. 1898. 

SHERMAX, Elijah B., lawyer, was born at 
Fairfield, Vt., June 18, 1833— his family being 
distantly related to Roger Sherman, a signer of 
the Declaration of Independence, and the late 
Gan. W. T. Sherman ; gained his education in the 



common schools and at Middlebury College, 
where he graduated in 1860; began teaching, but 
soon after enlisted as a private in the war for the 
Union; received a Lieutenant's commission, and 
served until captured on the eve of the battle at 
Antietam, when he was paroled and sent to Camp 
Douglas, Chicago, awaiting exchange. During 
this jieriod he commenced reading law and. hav 
ing resigned his commission, graduated from the 
law department of Cliicago University in 1864 
In 1876 he was elected Representative in the 
General Assembly fi-om Cook County, and re- 
elected in 1878, and the following year appointed 
Master in Cliancery of the United States District 
Court, a position which he still occupies He has 
repeatedly been called upon to deliver addresses 
on political, literary and patriotic occasions, one 
of these being before the alumni of his alma 
mater, in 1884, when he was complimented with 
the degree of LL.D. 

SHIELDS, James, soldier and United States 
Senator, was born in Ireland in 1810, emigrated 
to tlie United States at the age of sixteen and 
began the practice of law at Kaskaskia in 1833. 
He was elected to tlie Legislature in 1836, and 
State Auditor in 1839. In 1843 he became a 
Judge of the Supreme Court of the State, and, in 
184.5, was made Commissioner of the General 
Land Office. In July, 1846, he was commissioned 
Brigadier-General in the Mexican War gaining 
the brevet of Major-General at Cerro-Gordo, 
where he was severely wounded. He was again 
wounded at Chapultepec, and mustered out in 
1848. The same year he was appointed Governor 
of Oregon Territory. In 1849 the Democrats in 
the Illinois Legislature elected him Senator, and 
he resigned his office in Oregon. In 1856 he 
removed to Minnesota, and. in 1858, was chosen 
United States Senator from that State, his term 
expiring in 1859, when lie establislied a residence 
in California. At the outbreak of tlie Civil War 
(1861) he was superintending a mine in Mexico, 
but at once hastened to Washington to tender his 
services to the Governmnet. He was commis- 
sioned Brigadier-General, and served with dis- 
tinction until March. 1863, when the effect of 
numerous wounds caused him to resign. He sub- 
sequently removed to Missouri, practicing law at 
CarroUton and serving in the Legislature of that 
State in 1874 and 1879, In the latter year he was 
elected United States Senator to fill out the unex- 
pired term of Senator Bogy, who had died in 
office — serving only six weeks, but being the only 
man in the history ot the country who filled tlie 
ofilce of LTnited States Senator from three differ- 



HISTOKICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



479 



ent States. Died, at Ottumwa, Iowa, June 1, 
1879. 

SHIPMAN, a town of Macoupin County, on the 
CliicaKO & Alton Railway, 19 miles north-nortli- 
ea.st of Alton and 14 miles southwest of Carlin- 
villw. Population (1.S90), 410; (1900), liVHi. 

SHIPJIAX, (ii'ttrire E., M.I)., physician and 
pliilautliropist, born in Nl-w York City, March 4, 
1820 ; graduated at the University of New York 
in 1839, and took a coui'se in the College of Phy- 
sicians and Surgeons; practiced for a time at 
Peoria, 111., but, in 1840, located in Chicago, where 
he assisted in organizing the tirst Homeopathic 
Hospital in that city, and, in 1850, was one of the 
first Trustees of Hahnemann College. In 1871 he 
established, in Chicago, the Foundlings" Home at 
his own expense, giving to it the latter years of 
his life. Died. Jan. 20, 1893, 

SHOUEY, Daniel Lewis, lawyer and philan- 
thropist, was born at Jonesborough, Washington 
County, Maine, Jan. 31, 1824; educated at Phil- 
lips Acadeni}', Andover, Mass., and at Dartmouth 
College, graduating from the latter in 18.51 ; 
tauglit two years in Washington Cit}', meanwhile 
reading law, afterwards taking a course at Dane 
Law Sc1k)o1, Cambridge; was admitted to the bar 
in Boston in 1854, the next year locating at 
Davenport, Iowa, where he remained ten years. 
In 18C.1 he removed to Ciiicago, where he prose- 
cuted his profession until 1890, when he retired. 
Mr. Shorey was prominent in the establishment 
of the Chicago Public Library, and a member of 
the first Library Board; was also a i)rominent 
member of the Chicago Literary Club, and was a 
Director in the new University of Chicago and 
deeply interested in its prosperity. Died, in Chi- 
cago. March 4, 1899. 

SHORT, (Rev.) William F., clergyman and 
educator, was born in Ohio in 1829, brought to 
Morgan County, 111., in childhood, and lived upon 
a farm until 20 years of age, when he entered 
McKendree College, spending liis senior year, 
however, at Wesleyan University, Bloomington, 
where he graduated in 18,')4. He had meanwhile 
accepted a call to the Mis.souri Conference Semi- 
nary at Jackson, Mo. ; where lie remained three 
years, when he returned to Illinois, serving 
churches at Jacksonville and elsewhere, for a 
part of the time being Presiding Elder of the 
Jacksonville District. In 187.j he was elected 
President of Illinois Female College at Jackson- 
ville, continuing in tliat position until 1893, when 
he was appointed Superintendent of the Illinois 
State Institution for the Blind at the same place, 
but resigned early in 1897. Dr. Short received 



the degree of D.D., conferred upon him by Ohio 
Wesleyan University. 

SHOri', George L., United States Senator, 
was born at Kittanniug, Pa., June 1"), 1836; came 
to Illinois iu 18.')2, liis father locating on a stock- 
farm near Galesburg; in 18.59 removed to Colo- 
rado, where he engaged in mining and mercantile 
business until 1861, when he enlisted in a com- 
pany of scouts, being advanced from the rank of 
First Lieutenant to the Colonelcy of the Third 
Colorado Cavalry, meanwhile serving as Delegate 
to the State Constitutional Convention of 1864. 
Retiring to private life, he again engaged in mer- 
cantile and mining business, first in Nevada and 
then in Idaho; served two terms in the Terri- 
torial Legislature of the latter, was appointed 
Territorial Governor in 1889 and, in 1890, was 
chosen the first Governor of the State, in October 
of the same year being elected to the United 
States Senate, and re-elected in 1895 for a second 
term, which ends in 1901. Senator Shoup is one 
of the few Western Senators who remained faith- 
ful to the regular Republican organization, during 
the political campaign of 1896. 

SHOWALTER, John W., jurist. wa.s born in 
Mason County, Ky. , Feb. 8, 1844; resided some 
years in Scott County in that State, and was 
educated in the local schools, at Maysville and 
Ohio University, finally graduating at Yale Col- 
lege in 1867; came to Chicago in 1869, studied 
law and was admitted to the bar in 1870. He 
I'eturned to Kentucky after the fire of 1871, but, 
in 1873, again came to Ciiicago and entered the 
employment of the firm of Moore & Caulfield, 
with whom he had been before the fire. In 1879 
he became a member of the firm of Abbott, 
Oliver & Showalter (later, Oliver & Showalter), 
where he remained until his appointment as 
United States Circuit Judge, in March, 1895. 
Died, in Chicago, Dec. 12, 1898. 

SHUMAN, Andrew, journalist and Lieutenant- 
Governor, was born at Manor, Liiuca-ster County, 
Pa., Nov. 8, 1830. His father dying in 1837, he 
was reared by an uncle. At the age of 15 he 
became an apprentice in the office of "The Lan- 
ca.ster Union and Sentinel." A year later he ac- 
companied his employer to Auburn, N.Y., working 
for two years on "The Daily Advertiser" of that 
city, then known as Governor Seward's "home 
organ." At the age of 18 he edited, published 
and distributed — during his leisure hours — a 
small weekly paper called "The Auburniau." At 
the conclusion of liis apprenticeship he was em- 
ployed, for a year or two, in editing and publish- 
ing "The Cayuga Cliief. " a temperance journal. 



480 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



In 1851 he entered Hamilton College, but, before 
the completion of his junior year, consented, at 
the solicitation of friends of William H. Seward, 
to assume editorial control of "The Syracuse 
Daily Journal. " In July, 1856, he came to Chi- 
cago, to accept an editorial position on "The 
Evening Journal" of that city, later becoming 
editor-in-chief and President of the Journal Com- 
pany. From 1865 to 1870 (first by executive 
appointment and afterward by popular election) 
lie was a Commissioner of the Illinois State Peni- 
tentiary at Joliet, resigning the office four years 
before the expiration of his term. In 1876 he 
was elected Lieutenant-Governor on the Repub- 
lican ticket. Owing to declining health, he 
abandoned active journalistic work in 1888, 
dying in Chicago, May 5, 1890. His home during 
the latter years of his life was at Evanston. 
Governor Shuman was author of a romance 
entitled "Loves of a Lawyer," besides numerous 
addresses before literary, commercial and scien- 
tific associations. 

SHUMWAY, Dorice Dwight, merchant, was 
born at "Williamsburg, Worcester County, Mass., 
Sept. 28, 1813, descended from French Hugxienot 
ancestry; came to Zanosville, Ohio, in 18.37, and 
to Montgomery County, 111., in 1841; married a 
daughter of Hiram Rountree, an early resident 
of Hillsboro, and, in 1843, located in Christian 
County : was engaged for a time in merchandis- 
ing at Taylorville, but retired in 18.58, thereafter 
giving his attention to a large landed estate. In 
1846 lie was chosen Representative in the General 
Assembly, served in the Constitutional Conven- 
tion of 1847, and four years as County Judge of 
Christian County. Died, May 9, 1870. — Hiram 
P. (Shumway), eldest son of the preceding, was 
born in Montgomery County, 111.. June, 1843; 
spent his boyhood on a farm in Christian County 
and in his father's store at Taylorville ; took an 
academy course and, in 1864, engaged in mercan- 
tile business; was Representative in the Twenty- 
eighth General Assembly and Senator in the 
Thirty-sixth and Thirty-seventh, afterwards 
removing to Springfield, where he engaged in 
the stone business. 

SHURTLEFF COLLEGE, an institution 
located at Upper Alton, and the third estab- 
lished in Illinois. It was originall}' incorporated 
as the "Alton College" in 1831, under a special 
charter which was not accepted, but re-incorpo- 
rated in 1835, in an "omnibus bill" with Illi- 
nois and McKendree Colleges. (See Early Col- 
leges.) Its primal origin was a school at Rock 
Spring in St. Clair County, founded about 1834, 



by Rev. John M, Peck. This became the "Rock 
Spring Seminary" in 1827, and, about 1831, was 
united with an academy at Upper Alton. This 
was the nucleus of "Alton" (afterward "Shui't- 
leff") College. As far as its denominational 
control is concerned, it has always been domi- 
nated by Baptist influence. Dr. Peck's original 
idea was to found a school for teaching theology 
and Biblical literature, but this project was at 
first inhibited by the State. Hubbard Loomis 
and John Russell were among the first instruc- 
tors. Later, Dr. Benjamin Shurtleff donated the 
college $10,000. and the institution was named in 
his honor. College classes were not organized 
imtil 1840, and several years elapsed before a class 
graduated. Its endowment in 1898 was over 
§126,000, in addition to §125,000 worth of real and 
personal property. About 255 students were in 
attendance. Besides preparatory and collegiate 
departments, the college also maintains a theo- 
logical school. It has a faculty of twenty 
instructors and is co-educational. 

SIBLEY, a village of Ford County, on the Chi- 
cago Division of the Wabash Railway, 105 miles 
south-southwest of Chicago; has banks and a 
weekly newspaper. The district is agricultural. 
Population (1890), 404; (1900), 444. 

SIBLEY, Joseph, lawyer and jurist, was born 
at Westfield. Mass.. in 181S; learned the trade of 
a whip-maker and afterwards engaged in mer- 
chandising. In 1843 he began the study of law 
at Syracuse, N. Y., and, upon admission to the 
bar, came west, finally settling at Nauvoo. Han- 
cock County. He maintained a neutral attitude 
during the Mormon troubles, thus giving offense 
to a section of the community. In 1847 he was 
an unsuccessful candidate for the Legislature, 
but was elected in 1850, and re-elected in 1853. 
In 1853 he removed to Warsaw, and, in 1855, was 
elected Judge of the Circuit Court, and re-elected 
in 1861, '67 and '73, being assigned to the bench 
of the Appellate Court of the Second District, in 
1877. His residence, after 1865, was at Quincy, 
where he died, June 18, 1897. 

SIDELL, a village of Vermillion County, on the 
Chicago & Eastern Illinois and Cincinnati, Hamil- 
ton & Dayton Railroads; has a bank, electric 
light plant and a newspaper. Pop. (1900), 776. 

SIDNEY, a village of Champaign County, on 
the main line of the Wabash Railway, at the junc- 
tion of a branch to Champaign, 48 miles east-north- 
east of Decatur. It is .in a farming ilistrict; has a 
bank and a newspaper. Population, (1900), 564. 

SIM, (Dr.) William, pioneer physician, was 
born at Aberdeen, Scotland, in 1795, came to 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



481 



America in early manhood, and was the first phy- 
sician to settle at Golconda, in Pope County, 
which he represented in the Foiu'th and Fifth 
General Assemblies (1824 and '28). He marrieil 
a Miss Elizabeth Jack of Philadeli)hia. making 
the journey from Golconda to Philadelphia for 
that purpose on horseback. He had a family of 
five children, one son, Dr. Francis L. Sim, rising 
to distinction as a physician, and, for a time, 
being President of a Medical College at Memphis, 
Tenn. The elder Dr. Sim died at Golconda, in 
1868. 

SIMS, James, early legislator and Methodist 
preacher, was a native of South Carolina, but 
removed to Kentucky in early manhood, thence 
to St. Clair County. 111., and, in 1820, to Sanga- 
mon County, where he was elected, in 1822, as the 
lirst Representative from that county in the 
Tliird General As.sembly. At the succeeding ses- 
sion of the Legislature, he was one of those who 
voted against the Convention re-solution designed 
to prepare the way for making Illinois a slave 
State. Mr. Sims resided for a time in Menard 
Co\nity, but finally removed to Morgan. 

SINGER, Horace M., capitalist, was born in 
Schnectady, N. Y., Oct. 1, 1823; came to Chicago 
in 1836 and found employment on the Illinois & 
Michigan Canal, serving as superintendent of 
repairs upon the Canal until 18.53. While thus 
employed he became one of the proprietors of 
the stone-quarries at Lemont, managed bj' the 
firm of Singer & Talcott until about 1890. wlien 
they became the property of the Western Stone 
Company. Originally a Democrat, he became a 
Republican during the Civil War, and served as a 
member of the Twenty-fifth General Assembly 
(1867) for Cook County, was elected County Com- 
missioner in 1870, and was Chairman of the 
Republican Countj- Central Committee in 1880. 
lie was also associated with several financial 
institutions, being a director of the First National 
Bank and of the Auditorium Company of Chi- 
cago, and a member of the Union League and 
Calumet Clubs. Died, at Pasadena, Cal., Dec. 
28, 1890. 

SIXGLETOX, James W., Congressman, born 
at Paxton, Va.. Nov. 23, 1811; was educated at 
the Winclie.ster (Va. ) Academy, and removed to 
Illinois in 1833, settling first at Mount Sterling, 
Brown County, and, some twenty years later, 
near Quincy. By profession he was a lawyer, 
and was prominent in political and commercial 
affairs. In his later years he devoted consider- 
able attention to stock-raising. He was elected 
Brigadier-General of the Illinois militia in 1844, 



being identified to some extent with the "Mor- 
mon War"; was a member of the Constitutional 
Conventions of 1847 and 18G3, served six terms in 
the Legislature, and was elected, on the Demo- 
cratic ticket, to Congress in 1878, and again in 
1880. In 1883 he ran as an independent Demo- 
crat, but was defeated by the regular nominee of 
his party, James M. Riggs. During the War of 
the Rebellion he was one of the most conspicuous 
leaders of the "peace party." He constructed 
the, Quincy & Toledo (now part of the Wabash) 
and tlie Quincy, Alton & St. Louis (now part of 
the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy) Railways, 
being President of both companies. His death 
occurred at Baltimore, Md., April 4. 1893. 

SIXXET, John S., pioneer, was born at Lex- 
ington, Ky., March 10, 1796; at three j'ears of age, 
taken by )iis parents to Missouri ; enlisted in the 
War of 1812. but, soon after the war, came to 
Illinois, and, about 1818, settled in what is now . 
Christian County, locating on land constituting 
a part of tlie present city of Taylorville. In 1840 
he removed to Tazewell County, dj'ing there, Jan. 
13, 1872. 

SKIXXER, Mark, jurist, was born at Manches- 
ter, Vt., Sept. 13, 1813; graduated from Middle- 
bury College in 1833, studied law, and, in 1836, 
came to Chicago; was admitted to the bar in 
1839, became City Attorney in 1840, later Mjister 
in Chancery for Cook County, and finally L"^nited 
States District Attorney under President Tj-ler. 
As member of the Hoiuse Finance Committee in 
the Fifteenth General Assembly (1846-48), he 
aided influentially in securing the adoption of 
measures for refunding and paying the State 
debt. In 18.51 he was elected Judge of the Court 
of Common Pleas (now Superior Court) of Cook 
County, but declined a re election in 18.)3. Origi- 
nally a Democrat, Jmlge Skinner was an ardent 
opponent . of the Kansas-Nebraska Bill and a 
liberal supporter of tlie Government policy dur- 
ing the rebellion. He liberally aided the United 
States Sanitary Commission and was identified 
with all the leading charities of the city. 
Among the great business enterprises with which 
he was officially a.ssociated were the Galena & Chi- 
cago Union and the Chicago. Burlington & Quincy 
Railways (in each of which he was a Director), 
the Chicago Marine & Fire Insurance Company, 
the Gas-Liglit and Coke Company and others. 
Died, Sept. 16. 1887. Judge Skinner's only sur- 
viving s<in was killed in the trenches before 
Petersbxirg, the last year of the Civil War. 

SKIXXER, Otis Ainsworth, clergyman and 
author, was born at Royalton, Vt,, July 3, 1807; 



482 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



taught for some time, became a Uuivei'salist 
minister, serving churches in Baltimore, Boston 
and New York between \ii'd\ and 1807; then 
came to Elgin, 111., was elected President of Lom- 
bard University at Galesburg, but the following 
year took charge of a church at Joliet. Died, at 
Naperville, Sept. 18, 1861. He wrote several vol- 
umes on religious toj)ics, and, at different times, 
edited religious periodicals at Baltimore, Haver- 
hill. Mass., and Boston. 

SKINNER, Ozias C, lawyer and jurist, was 
born at Floyd, Oneida County, N. Y., in 1817; in 
1836, removed to Illinois, settling in Peoria 
County, where he engaged in farming. In 1838 
he began the study of law at Greenville, Ohio, 
and was admitted to the bar of that State in 1840. 
Eighteen months later he returned to Illinois, 
and began practice at Cartilage, Hancock County, 
removing to Quincy in 1844. During the "Mor- 
mon War" he served as Aid-de-camp to Governor 
Ford. In 1848 lie was elected to the lower house 
of the Sixteenth General Assembly, and, for a 
short time, served as Prosecuting Attorney for 
the district including Adams and Brown Coun- 
ties. In 1851 he was elected Judge of the (then) 
Fifteenth Judicial Circuit, and, in 1855, suc- 
ceeded Judge S. H. Treat on the Supreme bench, 
resigning this position in April, 1858, two months 
before the expiration of his term. He was a 
large land owner and had extensive agricultural 
interests. He built, and was the first President 
of the Carthage & Quincy Railroad, now a part 
of the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy system. He 
was a prominent member of the Constitutional 
Convention of 1869, serving as Chairman of the 
Committee on Judiciary. Died in 1877. 

SLADE, Charles, early Congressman; his early 
history, including date and place of birth, are 
unknown. In 1820 he was elected Representative 
from Washington County in the Second General 
Assembly, and. in 1826, was re-elected to tlie 
same body for Clinton and Washington. In 1833 
he was elected one of the three Congressmen 
from Illinois, representing the First District. 
After attending the first session of the Twenty- 
third Congress, while on his way home, he was 
attacked with cholera, dying near Vincennes, 
Ind., July 11, 1834. 

SLADE, James P., ex-State Superintendent of 
Public Instruction, was born at Westerlo, Albany 
County, N. Y., Feb. 9, 1837, and spent his boy- 
liood with his parents on a farm, except while 
absent at school; in 18.56 removed to Belleville, 
111., where he soon became connected with the 
public schools, serving for a number of years as 



Principal of the Belleville High School. While 
connected with the Belleville schools, he was 
elected County Superintendent, remaining in 
office some ten years ; later had charge of Almira 
College at Green\ille, Bond County, served six 
years as Superintendent of Schools at East St. 
Louis and, in 1878, was elected State Superintend- 
ent of Public Instruction as the nominee of the 
Republican party. On retirement from the 
office of State Superintendent, he resumed his 
place at the head of Almira College, but, for the 
past few years, has been Superintendent of 
Schools at East St. Louis. 

SLAVERY AGITATION OF 1823-24. (See 
Slaver;/ and Slave Laws.) 

SLAVERY A>'D SLAVE LAWS. African slaves 
were first brought into the Illinois country by a 
Frenchman named Pierre F. Renault, about 
1733. At that time the present State formed a 
part of Louisiana, and the traffic in slaves was 
regulated by French royal edicts. When Great 
Britain acquired the territorj-, at the close of tlie 
French and Indian War, the former subjects of 
France were guaranteed security for tlieir per- 
sons "and effects," and no interference with 
slavery was attempted. Upon the conquest of 
Illinois by Virginia (see Clark, George Rogers), 
the French very generally professed allegiance to 
that commonwealth, and, in her deeil of cession 
to the United States, Virginia expressly stipulated 
for the protection of the "rights and liberties" 
of the French citizens. This was construed as 
recognizing the right of property in negro 
slaves. Even the Ordinance of 1787, while pro- 
hibiting slavery in the Northwest Territory, pre- 
served to the settlers (reference being especially 
made to the French and Canadians) "of the Kas- 
kaskias, St. Vincents and neighboring villages, 
their laws and customs, now (then) in force, 
relative to the descent and conveyance of prop- 
erty." A conservative construction of this clause 
was, that while it prohibited the extension of 
slavery and the importation of slaves, the status 
of those who were at that time in involuntary 
servitude, and of their descendants, was left un- 
changed. There were those, however, who denied 
the constitutionality of the Ordinance in toto, 
on the ground that Congress had exceeded its 
powers in its passage. There was also a party 
which claimed that all children of slaves, born 
after 1787, were free from birth. In 1794 a con- 
vention was held at Vincennes, pursuant to a call 
from Governor Harrison, and a memorial to Con- 
gress was adopted, praj'ing for the repeal — or, at 
least a modification— of the sixth clause of the 



HISTOKICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



483 



Ordinance of 1787. Tlie first Congressional Com- 
mittee, to which this petition was referred, 
reported adversely upon it; but a second commit- 
tee recommended the suspension of the operation 
of the clause in question for ten years. But no 
action was taken by the National Legislature, 
and, in 1807. a counter petition, extensively 
signed, was forwarded to that body, and Congress 
left the matter in statu quo. It is worthy of note 
that some of the most earnest opponents of the 
measure were Representatives from Soutliern 
Slave States, John Randolph, of Virginia, being 
one of them. The pro-slavery party in the State 
then prepared what is popularly known as the 
"Indenture Law," which was one of the tir.st acts 
adopted by Governor Edwards and his Council, 
and was re-enacted by the first Territorial Legis- 
lature in 1812. It was entitled. "An Act relating 
to the Introduction of Negroes and Mulattoes into 
this Territory,"' and gave permission to bring 
slaves above lo years of age into the State, when 
they might be registered and kept in servitude 
within certain limitations. Slaves under tliat 
age might also be brought in. registered, and held 
in bondage imtil they reached the age of 3.5, if 
males, and 30, if females. The issue of registered 
slaves were to serve their mother's master until 
the age of 30 or 28, according to sex. The effect 
of this legislation was rapidly to increase the 
number of slaves. The Constitution of 1818 pro- 
hibited the introduction of slavery thereafter — 
that is to say. after its adoption. In 1823 the 
slave-holding part)-, with their supporters, began 
to agitate the question of so amending the 
organic law as to make Illinois a slave State. To 
effect -such a change the ciiUing of a convention 
was necessary, and, for eighteen montlis, the 
struggle between "conventionists" and their 
opponents was bitter and fierce. The question 
was submitted to a popular vote on August 2, 
1824, the result of the count showing 4, 972 votes 
for such convention and G,()40 against. Tliis 
decisive result settled the ijuestion of slave-hold- 
ing in Illinois for all future time, thougli the 
existence of slavery in the State continued to be 
recognized by the National Census until 1840. 
The number, according to the census of 1810, was 
1G8; in 1820 they had increased to 917. Then 
the number began to diminisli, being reduced in 
1830 to 747, and, in 1840 (the la.st census wliich 
shows any portion of the population held in 
bondage), it w.is 331. 

Hooper Warren — who has been mentioned el.se- 
where as editor of "The EdwardsvilleSi)ectator." 
and a leading factor in securing the defeat of the 



scheme to make Illinois a slave State in 1822 — in 
an article in the first number of "The Genius of 
Liberty" (January, 1841), speaking of that con- 
test, says there were, at its beginning, only three 
papers in tlie State — "Tlie Intelligencer" at Van- 
dalia. "The Gazette" at Shawneetown, and "The 
Si)ectator" at Edwardsville. The first two of 
these, at the outset, favored the Convention 
scheme, while "The Spectator" opposed it. The 
management of the campaign on the part of the 
])ro-slavery party was assigned to Emanuel J. 
West. Theophilus W. Smith and Oliver L. Kelly, 
and a paper was established by the name of "The 
Illinois Republican," with Smith as editor. 
Among tlie active opponents of tlie measure were 
George Churchill, Thomas Lippincott. Samuel D. 
Lockwood, Henry Starr (afterwards of Cincin- 
nati). Rev. John M. Peck and Rev. James 
Lemen, of St. Clair Countj'. Others who con- 
tributed to the cause were Daniel P. Cook, ilorris 

Birkbeck, Dr. Hugh Steel and Burton of 

Jackson County, Dr. Henrj' Perrine of Bond; 
William Leggett of Edwardsville (afterwards 
editor of "The New York Evening Post"), Ben- 
jamin Lundy (then of Missouri), David Blackwell 
and Rev. John Dew, of St. Clair County. Still 
others were Nathaniel Pope (Judge of the United 
States District Court), William B. Archer, Wil- 
liam U. Brown and Benjamin Mills (of VandaUa). 
John Tillson. Dr. Horatio Newhall, Geprge For- 
quer. Col. Thomas Mather. Tliomas Ford. Judge 
David J. Baker. Cliarles W. Hunter and Henrj' H. 
Snow (of Alton). This testimony is of interest 
as coming from one who probably had more to do 
with defeating the scheme, with the exception of 
Gov. Edward Coles. Outside of the more elabor- 
ate Histories of Illinois, the most accurate and 
detailed accounts of this particular period are to 
be found in "Sketch of Edward Coles" by the late 
E. B. Washburne. and "Early Movement in Illi- 
nois for the Legalization of Slavery." an ad- 
dress before the Chicago Historical Society 
(1804). by Hon. William H. Brown, of Chicaga 
(See also. Coles. Edirunl; Warren, Hooper; Brown, 
William H.; CImrchill, George; Lippincott, 
Tliomas; and Newspapers, Early, elsewhere in this 
volume. ) 

SLOAN, Wesley, legislator and jurist, was 
born in Dorchester County, Md.. Feb. 20.. 1800. 
At the age of 17, having received a fair academic 
education, he accompanied his parents to Phila- 
delphia, where, for a year, he was employed in a 
wholesale grocery. His father dying, he returned 
to Maryland and engaged in teaching, at the 
same time studying law, and being admitted to 



484 



HISTOKICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



the bar in 1831. He came to Illinois in 1838, 
going first to Chicago, and afterward to Kaskas- 
kia, finally settling at Golconda in 1839, which 
continued to be his home the remainder of his 
life. In 1848 he was elected to the Legislature, 
and re-elected in 1850, '53, and '56, serving three 
times as Chairman of the Judiciary Committee. 
He was one of the members of the first State 
Board of Education, created by Act of Feb. 18, 
1857, and took a prominent part in the founding 
and organization of the State educational insti- 
tutions. In 1857 lie was elected to the bench of 
the Nineteenth Judicial Circuit, and re-elected in 
1861, but declined a re-election for a third term. 
Died, Jan. 15, 1887. 

SMITH, Abner, jurist, was born at Orange, 
Franklin County, Mass., August 4, 1843, of an 
old New England family, whose ancestors came 
to Massachusetts Colony about 1630; was edu- 
cated in the public schools and at Jliddlebury 
College, Vt., graduating from the latter in 1866. 
After graduation he spent a year as a teacher in 
Newton Academy, at Shoreham, Vt., coming to 
Chicago in 1867, and entering upon the .study of 
law, being admitted to the bar in 1868. The next 
twenty-five years were spent in the practice of 
his profession in Chicago, within that time serv- 
ing as the attorney of several important corpo- 
rations. In 1893 he was elected a Judge of the 
Circuit Court of Cook County, and re-elected 
in 1897, his term of service continuing until 
1903. 

SMITH, (Dr.) Charles (iilman, physician, was 
born at Exeter, N. H., Jan. 4, 1838, received his 
early education at Phillips Academy, in his native 
place, finally graduating from Harvard Univer- 
sity in 1847. He soon after commenced the study 
of medicine in the Harvard Medical School, but 
completed his course at the University of Penn- 
sylvania in 1851. After t%vo years spent as 
attending physician of the Alms House in South 
Boston, Mass., in 1853 he came to Chicago, where 
he soon acquired an extensive practice. During 
the Civil War he was one of six physicians 
employed by the Government for the treatment 
of prisoners of war in hos])ital at Camp Douglas. 
In 1868 he visited Europe for the purpose of 
observing the management of hospitals in Ger- 
many, France and England, on his return being 
invited to lecture in the Woman's Medical College 
in Chicago, and also becoming con.sulting phy- 
sician in the Women's and Children's Hospital, 
as well as in the Presbyterian Hospital — a position 
which he continued to occupy for tlie remainder 
of his life, gaining a wide reputation in the treat- 



ment of women's and children's diseases. Died, 
Jan. 10. 1894. 

SMITH, David Alien, lawyer, was born near 
Richmond, Va., June 18, 1809; removed with his 
father, at an early day, to Pulaski, Tenn. ; at 17 
went to Com"tland, Lawrence County, Ala., 
where he studied law with Judge Bramlette and 
began practice. His father, dying about 1831, left 
him the owner of a number of slaves whom, in 
1837, he brought to Carlinville, 111., and emanci- 
pated, giving bond that they should not become 
a charge to the State. In 1839 he removed to 
Jacksonville, where he practiced law until his 
death. Col. John J. Hardin was his partner at 
the time of his death on the battle-field of Buena 
"Vista. Mr. Smith was a Trustee and generous 
patron of Illinois College, for a quarter of a cen- 
tury, but never held anj- political ofiice. As a 
lawyer he was conscientious and faithful to the 
interests of his clients; as a citizen, liberal, pub- 
lic-spirited and patriotic. He contributed liber- 
ally to the support of the Government dur- 
ing the war for the Union. Died, at Anoka, 
Minn., July 13, 1865, where he had gone to 
accompany an invalid son. — Thomas William 
(Smith), eldest son of the preceding, boi-n at 
Courtland, Ala., Sept. 37, 1833; died at Clear- 
water, Minn., Oct. 29, 1865. He graduated at 
Illinois College in 1853, studied law and served 
as Captain in the Tenth Illinois Volunteers, 
until, broken in health, he returned liome to 
die. 

SMITH, Dietrich C, ex-Congressman, was 
born at Ostfriesland, Hanover, April 4, 1840, in 
boyhood came to the United States, and, since 
1849, has been a resident of Pekin, Tazewell 
County. In 1861 he enlisted in the Eighth Illi- 
nois Volunteers, was promoted to a Lieutenancy, 
and, while so serving, was .severel)' wounded at 
Shiloh. Later, he was attached to the One Hun- 
dred and Thirty-ninth Illinois Infantry, and was 
mustered out of service as Captain of Company C 
of that regiment. His business is that of banker 
and manufacturer, besides which he has had con- 
siderable experience in the construction and 
management of railroads. He was a member of 
the Thirtieth General Assembly, and, in 1880, was 
elected Representative in Congress from what 
was then the Thirteenth District, on the Repub- 
lican ticket, defeating Adlai E. Stevenson, after- 
wards Vice-President. In 1882, his county (Taze- 
well) having been attached to the district for 
many years represented by Wm. M. Springer, he 
was defeated by the latter as a candidate for re- 
election. 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



485 



SMITH, Georgre, one of Chicago's pioneers and 
early bankers, \v;vs born in Aberdeensliire, Scot- 
land, March 8, 1808. It was his early intention 
to .study medicine, and he entered Aberdeen Col- 
lege with this end in view, but was forced to quit 
the institution at the end of two years, because 
of impaired vision. In 18:J:5 he came to America, 
and. in 18;!4. settled in Cliicago, where he resided 
until 1801, meanwhile spending one year in Scot- 
land. He invested largely in real estate in Chi- 
cago and Wisconsin, at one time owning a 
considerable portion of the present site of Mil- 
waukee. In 1837 he secured the charter for the 
Wisconsin Marine and Fire Insurance Company, 
whose headquarters were at Milwaukee. He was 
really the owner of the company, although Alex- 
ander Mitchell, of Milwaukee, was its Secretary. 
Under this charter Jlr. Smith was able to issue 
$1,500,000 in certificates, which circulated freely 
as currency. In 1839 he founded Chicago's first 
private banking house. About 18-13 he was inter- 
ested in a storage and commission business in 
Chicago, with a Mr. Webster as partner. He 
was a Director in the old Galena & Chicago 
Union Railroad (now a part of the Chicago & 
Northwestern), and aided it, while in course of 
construction, liy loans of money ; was also a 
charter member of the Chicago Board of Trade, 
organized in 1848. In 18.54, the State of Wiseon- 
.sin having prohibited the circulation of the Wis- 
consin Marine and Fire Insurance certificates 
above mentioned, Jlr. Smith sold out the com- 
pany to his partner, Mitchell, and bought two 
Georgia bank charters, which, together, em- 
powered him to issue §3,000,000 in currency. The 
notes were duly issued in Georgia, and put into 
circulation in Illinois, over the counter of George 
Smith & Co.'s Chicago bank. About 1856 Mr. 
Smith began winding up his affairs in Chicago, 
meanwhile .spending most of liis time in Scotland, 
but, returning in 1860, made extensive invest- 
ments in railroad and other American securities, 
which netted him large profits. The amount of 
capital which he is reputed to have taken with 
him to his native land ha.s been estimated at 
$10,000,000, though he retained considerable 
tracts of valuable lands in Wisconsin and about 
Chicago. Among those who were associated 
with him in business, either as employes or 
otherwise, and who have since been prominently 
identified with Chicago business affairs, were 
Hon. Charles B. Farwell, E. I. Tinkham (after- 
wards a prominent banker of Chicago), E. W. 
Willard, now of Newjwrt, R. I., and others. Mr. 
Smith made several visits, during the last forty 



years, to the United States, but divided his time 
chiefiy between Scotland (where he was the 
owner of a castle) and London. Died Oct. 7, 1899. 

SMITH, George W., soldier, lawyer and State 
Treasurer, was born in Brooklyn, N. Y., Jan. 
8, 1837. It was his intention to acquire a col- 
legiate education, but his father's business 
embarrassments having compelled the abandon- 
ment of his studies, at 17 of years age he went 
to Arkansas and taught school for two years. In 
1856 he returned to AUiany and began the study 
of law, graduating from the law school in 1858. 
In October of that year he removed to Chicago, 
whei'e he remained continuously in practice, with 
the exception of the years 1862-65, when he was 
serving in the Union army, and 1867-68, when he 
filled the office of State Treasurer. He was mus- 
tered into service, August 27, 1862, as a Captain in 
the Eiglity-eighth Illinois Infantry — the second 
Board of Trade regiment. At Stone River, he 
was seriously wounded and cajjtured. After 
four days' confinement, he wa.s aided by a negro 
to escape. He made his way to the Union lines, , 
but was granted leave of absence, being incapaci- 
tated for service. On his return to duty he 
joined his regiment in the Chattanooga cam- 
paign, and was officially complimented for his 
bravery at Gordon's Mills. At Mission Ridge he 
was again severely wounded, ami was once more 
personally complimented in the official report. ■ 
At Kenesaw Mountain (.June 27. 1864), Cai)t. 
Smith commanded the regiment after the killing 
of Lieutenant-Colonel Chandler, and was pro- 
moted to a Lieutenant-Colonelcj' for bravery on 
the field. He led the charge at Franklin, and 
was brevetted Colonel, and thanked by the com- 
mander for his gallant service. In the spring of 
1865 he was brevetted Brigadier-General, and, in 
June following, was mustered out. Returning 
to Chicago, he resumed the practice of his pro- 
fession, and gained a prominent position at the 
bar. In 1866 he was elected State Treasurer, and, 
after the expiration of his term, in January, 
1869, held no public office. General Smith was, 
for many years, a Trustee of the Chicago Histor- 
ical Society, and Vice-President of the Board. 
Died, in Chicago, Sept. 16, 1808. 

SMITH, George W., lawyer and Congressman, 
was born in Putnam County, Ohio, August 18, 
1846. When he was four years old, his father 
removed to Wayne County, 111., settling on a 
farm. He attended the common schools and 
graduated from the literary department of Mc- 
Kendree College, at Lebanon, in 1868. In his 
youth he learned the trade of a blacksmitli. but 



486 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



later determined to study law. After reading for 
a time at Fairfield, 111., he entered the Law 
Department of the Bloomington (Ind.) Univer- 
sity, graduating there in 1870. The same year he 
was admitted to the bar in Illinois, and has since 
practiced at Murphysboro. In 1880 he was a 
Republican Presidential Elector, and, in 1888, was 
elected a Republican Representative to Congress 
from the Twentieth Illinois District, and has 
been continuously re-elected, now (1899) serving 
his sixth consecutive term as Representative 
from the Twenty-second District. 

SMITH, (iiles Alexander, soldier, and Assist- 
ant Postmaster-General, was born in Jefferson 
County, N. Y., Sept. 29, 1839; engaged in dry- 
goods business in Cincinnati and Bloomington, 
111., in 1861 being proprietor of a hotel in the 
latter place; became a Captain in the Eighth 
Missouri Volunteers, was engaged at Forts Henry 
and Donelson, Shiloh and Corinth, and promoted 
Lieutenant-Colonel and Colonel in 1862; led his 
regiment on the first attack on Vicksburg, and 
was severely wounded at Arkansas Post ; was pro- 
moted Brigadier General in August. 1863, for 
gallant and meritorious conduct; led a brigade 
of the Fifteenth Army Corps at Chattanooga and 
Missionary Ridge, as also in the Atlanta cam- 
paign, and a division of the Seventeenth Corps in 
the "March to the Sea." After the surrender of 
Lee he was transferred to the Twenty fifth Army 
Corps, became Major-General in 1865, and 
resigned in 1866, having declined a commission 
as Colonel in the regular army ; about 1869 was 
appointed, by President Grant. Second Assistant 
Postmaster-General, but resigned on account of 
failing health in 1873. Died, at Bloomington, 
Nov. 8, 1876. General Smith was one of the 
founders of the Society of the Army of the 
Tennes.see. 

SMITH, Giisttavus Adolphus, soldier, was born 
in Philadelphia, Dec. 36, 1830; at 16 joined two 
brothers who had located at Springfield, Ohio, 
where he learned the trade of a carriage-maker. 
In December, 1837, he arrived at Decatur, 111., 
but soon after located at Springfield, where he 
resided some six years. Then, returning to 
Decatur, he devoted his attention to carriage 
manufacture, doing a large business with the 
South, but losing heavily as the result of the 
war. An original Whig, he became a Democrat 
on the dissolution of the Whig party, but early 
took ground in favor of the Union after the firing 
on Fort Sumter; was offered and accepted the 
colonelcy of the Thirty-fifth Regiment Illinois 
Volunteers, at the same time assisting Governor 



Yates in the selection of Camp Butler as a camp 
of recruiting and instruction. Having been 
assigned to duty in Missouri, in the summer of 
1861, he ijroceeded to Jefferson City, joined Fre- 
mont at Carthage in that State, and made a 
forced march to Springfield, afterwards taking 
part in the campaign in Arkansas and in the 
battle of Pea Ridge, where he had a horse shot 
under him and was severely (and, it was supposed, 
fatally) wounded, not recovering until 1868. 
Being compelled to return home, he received 
authority to raise an independent brigade, but 
was unable to accompany it to the field. In Sep- 
tember, 1863, he was commissioned a Brigadier- 
General by President Lincoln, "for meritorious 
conduct," but was unable to enter into active 
service on account of his wound. Later, he was 
assigned to the command of a convalescent camp 
at Murfreesboro, Tenn., under Gen. George H. 
Thomas. In 1864 he took part in securing the 
second election of President Lincoln, and, in the 
early part of 186,j, was commissioned by Gov- 
ernor Oglesby Colonel of a new regiment (the 
One Hundred and Fifty-fifth Illinois), but, on 
account of his wounds, was assigned to court- 
martial duty, remaining in the service until 
January-. 1866, when he was mustered out with 
the brevet rank of Brigadier-General. During 
the second year of his service he was presented 
with a magnificent sword by the rank and file of 
his regiment (the Thirty-fifth), for brave and gal- 
lant conduct at Pea Ridge. After retiring from 
the army, he engaged in cotton planting in Ala- 
bama, but was not successful ; in 1868. canvassed 
Alabama for General Grant for President, but 
declined a nomination in his own favor for Con- 
gress. In 1870 he was appointed, by General 
Grant, United States Collection and Disbursing 
Agent for the District of New Mexico, where he 
continued to reside. 

SMITH, John Corson, soldier, ex-Lieutenant- 
Governor and ex-State Treasurer, was born in 
Philadelphia, Feb. 13, 1832. At the age of 16 he 
was apprenticed to a carpenter and builder. In 
1854 he came to Chicago, and worked at his traiie, 
for a time, but soon removed to Galena, where he 
finally engaged in business as a contractor. In 
1863 he enlisted as a private in the Seventy-fourth 
Illinois Volunteers, but, having received author- 
ity from Governor Yates, raised a company, of 
which he was chosen Captain, and which was 
incorporated in the Ninety-sixth Illinois Infan- 
try. Of this regiment he was soon elected Major. 
After a short service about Cincinnati, Ohio, 
and Covington and Newport, Ky., the Ninety- 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



487 



sixth was sent to the front, and took part (among 
other biittles) in the second engagement at Fort 
Donelsou and in the bloody tight at Franklin, 
Tenn, Later, Major Smith was assigned to staff 
duty under (jenerals Baird and Steedinan, serv- 
ing through the TuUalioma campaign, and par- 
ticipating in the battles of Chickamauga, Lookout 
Mountain and Missionary Ridge. Being promoted 
to a Lieutenant-Colonelcy, he rejoined his regi- 
ment, and was given command of a brigade. In 
the Atlanta campaign he served gallantly, tak- 
ing a conspicuous part in its long series of bloody 
engagements, and being severelj' wounded at 
Kenesiiw Mountain. In Februarj-, 1865, he was 
brevetted Colonel, and, in June, 1865, Brigadier- 
General. Soon after his return to Galena he was 
appointed Assistant Assessor of Internal Revenue, 
but was legislated out of office in \S~i. In 1873 
he removed to Chicago and embarked in business. 
In 1874 70 he was a member (and Secretary) of 
the Illinois Board of C'ommissione?s to the Cen- 
tennial Exposition at Philadelphia. In 1875 he 
w!is appointed Chief Grain-Inspector at Chicago, 
and held the office for several years. In 1873 and 
'70 he was a delegate to the National Republican 
Conventions of those j'ears. and, in 1878, was 
elected State Treasurer, as he was again in 1882. 
In 1884 he was elected Lieutenant-Ciovernor, serv- 
ing until 1889. He is a prominent Mason, Knight 
Templar and Odd Fellow, as well as a distin- 
guished member of the Order of Nobles of the 
My.stic Shrine, and was prominently connected 
with the erection of the "Masonic Temple Build- 
ing" in Chicago. 

SMITH, John Eugene, soldier, was born in 
Switzerland, August :i. 1810, the .son of an officer 
who liad .served under Napoleon, and after the 
downfall of the latter, emigrated to Philadelpliia. 
The subject of this sketch received an academic 
etlucation and became a jeweler; in IHOl entered 
the volunteer service as Colonel of the Forty-fifth 
Illinois Infantry; took part in the capture of 
Forts Henry and Donelson, in the battle of Shiloh 
and siege of Corinth; was promoted a Brigivdier- 
General in November, 18(i3. and placed in com- 
mand of a division in the Sixteenth Army Corps: 
led the Third Division of the Seventeenth Army 
Corps in the Vicksburg campaign, later being 
transferred to the Fifteenth, and taking part in 
the battle of Missionary Ridge and the Atlanta 
and Carolina campaigns of 1804-65. He received 
the brevet rank of Major-General of Volunteers 
in January, 1865, and, on his muster-out from the 
volunteer service, became Colonel of the Twenty- 
seventh United States Infantry, being transferred, 



in 1870, to the Fourteenth. In 1867 his services 
at Vicksburg and Savannah were further recog- 
nized by conferring upon him the brevets of Brig- 
adier and Major-General in the regular army. 
In May, 1881, he was retired, afterwards residing 
in Chicago, where he died. Jan. 29, 1897. 

SMITH, Joseph, the founder of the Mormon 
sect, was born at Sharon, Vt., Dec. 23, 1805. In 
1815 his parents removed to Palmyra, N. Y., and 
still later to Jlanchester. He early showed a 
dreamy mental cast, and claimed to be able to 
locate stolen articles by means of a magic stone. 
In 1820 he claimed to have seen a vision, but liis 
pretensions were ridiculed by his acquaintances. 
His story of the revelation of the golden plates 
by the angel Moroni, and of the latter's instruc- 
tions to him, is well known. With the aid of 
5Iartin Harris and Oliver Cowdery he prepared 
the "Book of Mormon," alleging that he had 
deciphered it from hetiven-sent characters, 
through the aid of miraculous spectacles. This 
was published in 1830. In Ijiter years Smith 
claimed to have received supplementary reve- 
lations, which so taxed the credulity of his fol- 
lowers that some of them apostatized. He also 
claimed supernatural power, such as exorcism, 
etc. He soon gained followers in considerable 
numbers, whom, in 1832, he led west, a part 
settling at Kirtland, Ohio, and the remainder in 
Jackson County, Mo. Driven out of Ohio five 
J'ears later, the bulk of the sect found the waj- to 
their friends in Missouri, whence they were 
finally expelled after many conflicts with the 
authorities. Smith, with the other refugees, fled 
to Hancock County, 111., founding the city of 
Nauvoo, which was incorixirated in 1840. Here 
was begun, in the following year, the erection of a 
great temple, but again he aroused the hostility 
of the authorities, although soon wielding con- 
siderable political power. After various unsuc- 
cessful attempts to arrest him in 1844, Smith and 
a number of his followers were induced to sur- 
render themselves under the promise of protection 
from violence and a fair trial. Having been 
taken to Carthage, the county -seat, all were dis- 
charged under recognizance to apjjear at court 
except Smith and his brother Hyrum, who were 
held under the new charge of "treason, " and were 
jilaced in jail. So intense had been the feeling 
against the Mormons, that Governor Ford called 
out the militia to preserve the peace; but it is 
evident that the feeling among the latter was in 
sympathy with that of the populace. Most of 
the militia were disbanded after Smith's arrest, 
one company being left on d\ity at Carthage. 



488 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOLS. 



from whom only eight men were detailed to 
guard the jail. In this condition of affairs a mob 
of 150 disguised men, alleged to be from Warsaw, 
appeared before the jail on the evening of June 
27, and, forcing the guards — who made only a 
feeble resistance, — Joseph Smith and his brother 
Hyrum were both shot down, while a friend, who 
had remained with them, was wounded. The fate 
of Smith undoubtedly went far to win for him 
the reputation of martyr, and give a new impulse 
to the Jlormon faith. (See Mormons; Nauvoo.) 

SMITH, Justin Almerin, D.D., clergyman 
and editor, was born at Ticonderoga, N. Y., Dec. 
39, 1819, educated at New Hampton Literary and 
Theological Institute and Union College, gradu- 
ating from the latter in 1843 ; served a year as 
Principal of the Union Academy at Bennington, 
Vt., followed by four years of pastoral work, 
when he assumed the pastorate of the First Bap- 
tist church at Rochester, N. Y., wliere he 
remained live years. Then (1853) he removed to 
Chicago to assume the editorship of "The Chris- 
tian Times" (now "The Standard"), with which 
he was associated for the remainder of his life. 
Meanwhile he assisted in organizing three Baptist 
churches in Chicago, serving two of them as 
pastor for a considerable period ; made an ex- 
tended tour of Europe in 1869, attending the 
Vatican Council at Rome; was a Trustee and 
one of the founders of the old Chicago Univer- 
sity, and Trustee and Lecturer of the Baptist 
Theological Seminary; was also the author of 
several religious works. Died, at Morgan Park, 
near Chicago, Feb. 4, 1896. 

SMITH, Perry H., lawyer and politician, was 
born in Augusta, Oneida County, N. Y., March 
18, 1828; entered Hamilton College at the age of 
14 and graduated, second in his class, at IS; began 
reading law and was admitted to the bar on com- 
ing of age in 1849. Then, removing to Appleton, 
Wis., when 23 years of age he was elected a 
Judge, served later in both branches of the 
Legislature, and, in 1857, became Vice-President 
of the Chicago, St. Paul & Fond du Lie Railway, 
retaining the same position in the reorganized 
corporation when it became the Chicago & 
Northwestern. In 1856 I\Ir. Smith came to Chi- 
cago and resided there till his death, on Palm 
Sunday of 1885. He was prominent in railwaj' 
circles and in the councils of the Democratic 
party, being the recognized representative of Mr. 
Tilden's interests in the Northwest in the cam- 
paign of 1876. 

SMITH, Robert, Congressman and lawyer, 
was born at Petersborough, N. H., June 12, 1802; 



was educated and admitted to the bar in his 
native town, settled at Alton, 111., in 1832, and 
engaged in practice. In 1836 he was elected to 
the General Assembly from Madison County, 
and re-elected in 1838. In 1843 he was elected to 
the Twenty -eighth Congress, and twice re-elected, 
serving three successive terms. During the Civil 
War he was commissioned Paymaster, with the 
rank of Major, and was stationed at St. Louis. 
He was largely interested in the construction of 
water power at Jlinneapolis, Minn., and also in 
railroad enterprises in Illinois. He was a promi- 
nent Mason and a public-spirited citizen. Died, 
at Alton, Dec. 20. 1867. 

SMITH, Samuel Lisle, lawyer, was born in 
Philadelphia, Pa., in 1817, and, belonging to a 
wealthy family, enjoyed superior educational 
advantages, taking a course in the Yale Law 
School at an age too early to admit of his receiv- 
ing a degree. In 1836 he came to Illinois, to look 
after some lauded interests of his father's in the 
vicinity of Peru. Returning east within the next 
two years, he obtained his diploma, and, again 
coming west, located in Chicago in 1838, and, 
for a time, occupied an office with the well-known 
law firm of Butterfield & Collins. In 1839 he was 
elected City Attorney and, at the great Whig 
meeting at Springfield, in June, 1840, was one of 
the principal speakers, establishing a reputation 
as one of the most brilliant campaign orators in 
the West. As an admirer of Henrj' Clay, he was 
active in the Presidential campaign of 1844, and 
was also a prominent speaker at the River and 
Harbor Convention at Chicago, in 1847. With a 
keen sense of humor, brilliant, witty and a mas- 
ter of repartee and invective, he achieved popu- 
larity, both at the bar and on the lecture 
platform, and had the promise of future success, 
which was unfortunately marred by his convivial 
habits. Died of cholera, in Chicago, July 30, 1854. 
Mr. Smith married the daughter of Dr. Potts, of 
Philadelphia, an eminent clergyman of the 
Episcopal Church. 

SMITH, Sidney, jurist, was born in Washing- 
ton County. N. Y., May 12, 1829; studied law and 
was admitted to the bar at Albion, in that State, 
in 1851 ; came to Chicago in 1856 and entered 
into partnership with Grant Goodrich and Will- 
iam W. Farwell, both of whom were afterwards 
elected to places on the bench — the first in the 
Superior, and the latter in the Circuit Court. In 
1879 Judge Smith was elected to the Superior 
Court of Cook County, serving imtil 1885, when 
he became the attorney of the Chicago Board of 
Trade. He was the Republican candidate for 



HISTORICAL EXCYCLOrEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



489 



Mayor, in opposition to Carter H. Harrison, in 
1885, and is believed by many to liave been 
honestly elected, though defeated on tlie face of 
the returns. A recount was ordered by the court, 
but so much delay was incurred and so many 
obstacles placed in the way of carrying the order 
into eflfect. that Judge Smith abandoned the con- 
test in disgust, although making material gains 
as far as it had gone. During his professional 
career he was connected, as counsel, with some of 
the most imix>rtant trials before the Chicago 
courts ; was also one of the Directors of the Chi- 
cago Public Library, on its organization in 1871. 
Die<l suddenly, in Chicago, Oct. G, 189S. 

SMITH, Tiieophiliis Washington, Judge and 
politician, was born in New York City, Sept. 28, 
1784, served for a time in the United States navy, 
was a law student in the office of Aaron Burr, 
was admitted to the bar in his native State in 
1805, and, in 1816, came west, finally locating at 
Edwardsville. where he soon became a prominent 
figure in e;irly State history. In 18'30 he was an 
unsuccessful candidate before the Legislature for 
the office of Attorney -General, being defeated by 
Samuel D. Lockwood, but was elected to the 
State Senate in 1822, serving four years. In 1823 
he was one of the leaders of the "Conventionisf 
party, who.se aim was to adopt a new Constitution 
which would legalize slavery in Illinois, during 
this period being the editor of the leading organ 
of the pro-slavery party. In 1825 he was elected 
one of the Associate Justices of the Supreme 
Court, but resigned, Dec. 26, 1842. He was im- 
peached in 1832 on charges alleging oppressive 
conduct, corruption, and other high misdemean- 
ors in office, but secured a negative acquittal, a 
two-thirds vote being necessary to conviction. 
The vote in the Senate stood twelve for convic- 
tion (on a part of the charges) to ten for acquittal, 
four being excused from voting. During the 
Black Hawk War he served as Quartermaster- 
General on the Governor's staff. As a jurist, he 
was charged by his political opponents with 
being unable to divest himself of his partisan 
bias, and even with i)rivately advising coun.sel, in 
political causes, of defects in the record, which 
they (the counsel) had not discovered. He was 
also a member of the first Board of Commission- 
ers of the Illinois & Michigan Canal, appointed in 
1823. Died, in Chicago. May G, 184G. 

SMITH, William Henry, journalist, Associ- 
ated Press Manager, was born in Columbia 
County, N. Y., Dec. 1, 1833; at three years of age 
was taken by his parents to Ohio, where he 
enjoyed the best educational advantages that 



State at the time afforded. After completing his 
school course he began teaching, and, for a time, 
served as tutor in a Western college, but soon 
turned his attention to journalism, at first as 
assistant editor of a weekly publication at Cincin- 
nati, still later becoming its editor, and, in 1855, 
city editor of "The Cincinnati Gazette," with 
which he was connected in a more resi)onsible 
position at the beginning of the war, incidentally 
doing work uiion "The Literary Review. " His 
connection with a leading paper enabled him to 
exert a strong influence in sup]X)rt of the Govern- 
ment. This he used most faithfully in assisting 
U> raise troops in the first years of the war, and, 
in 1863, in bringing forward and securing the 
election of John Brough as a Union candidate for 
Governor in opposition to Clement L. Vallandi- 
gham. the Democratic candidate. In 1864 he was 
nominated and elected Secretary of State, being 
re-elected two j-ears later. After retiring from 
office he returned to journalism at Cincinnati, as 
editor of "The Evening Chronicle," from which 
he retired in 1870 to become Agent of the West- 
ern Associated Press, with headquarters, at first 
at Cleveland, but later at Chicago. His success 
in this line was demonstrated by the final union 
of the New York and Western Associated Press 
organizations under his management, continuing 
until 1893, when he retired. Mr. Smith was a 
strong personal friend of President Hayes, by 
whom he was appointed Collector of the Port of 
Chicago in 1877. While engaged in official duties 
he found time to do considerable Literary work, 
having published, several years ago, "The St. Clair 
Papers," in two volumes, and a life of Charles 
Hammond, besides contributions to periodicals. 
After retiring from the management of the 
Associated Press, he was engaged upon a "His- 
tory of American Politics" and a "Life of Ruther- 
ford B. Hayes," which are said to have been well 
advanced at the time of his death, which took 
place at his home, at Lake Forest, 111., July 27, 
1896. 

S.HITH, William M., merchant, stockbreeder 
and politician, was born near Frankfort, Ky., 
May 23, 1827; in 1846 accompanied his father's 
family to Lexington, McLean County, 111., where 
they settled. A few years later he txmght forty 
acres of government land, finally increasing his 
holdings to 800 acres, and becoming a breeder of 
fine stock. Still later he added to his agricultural 
pursuits the business of a merchant. Having 
early identified himself with the Republican 
party, he remained a firm adherent of its prin- 
ciples during the Civil War. and, while declining 



490 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



a commission tendered him by Governor Yates, 
devoted his time and means liberally to the re- 
cruiting and organization of regiments for serv- 
ice in the field, and procuring supplies for the 
sick and wounded. In 1866 he was elected to the 
lower house of the Legislature, and was re-elected 
in 1868 and "70, serving, during his last term, as 
Speaker. In 1877 he was appointed by Governor 
CuUom a member of the Railroad and Warehouse 
Commission, of which body he served as President 
until 1883. He was a man of remarkably genial 
temperament, liberal impulses, and wide popu- 
larity. Died, March 2.5, 1886. 

SMITH, William Sooy, soldier and civil engi- 
neer, was born at Tarlton, Pickaway County, 
Ohio, July 23, 1830; graduated at Ohio University 
in 1849, and, at the United States Military Acad- 
emy, in 18.53, having among his classmates, at the 
latter. Generals McPherson, Schofield and Sheri- 
dan. Coming to Chicago the following year, he 
first found employment 'as an engineer on the 
Illinois Central Railroad, but later became assist- 
ant of Lieutenant-Colonel Graham in engineer 
service on the lakes ; a year later took charge of 
a select school in Buffalo ; in 1857 made the first 
surveys for the International Bridge at Niagara 
Falls, then went into the service of extensive 
locomotive and bridge-works at Trenton, N. J., 
in their interest making a visit to Cuba, and also 
superintending the construction of a bridge 
across the Savannah River. The war intervening. 
he returned North and was appointed Lieutenant- 
Colonel and assigned to duty as Assistant Adju- 
tant-General at Camp Denison, Ohio, but, in 
June, 1862, was commissioned Colonel of the 
Thirteenth Ohio Volunteers, participating in the 
West Virginia campaigns, and later, at Shiloh and 
Perryville. In April, 1862, he was promoted 
Brigadier-General of volunteers, commanding 
divisions in the Arnij' of the Ohio until the fall 
of 1862, when he joined Grant and took part in 
the Vicksburg campaign, as commander of the 
First Division of the Sixteenth Army Corps. 
Subsequently he was made Chief of the Cavalry 
Department, serving on the staffs of Grant and 
Sherman, until compelled to resign, in 1864, on 
account of impaired health. During the war 
General Smith rendered valuable service to the 
Union cause in great emergencies, by his knowl- 
edge of engineering. On retiring to private life 
he resumed his profession at Chicago, and since 
has been employed by the Government on some 
of its most stupendous works on the lakes, and 
has also planned several of the most important 
railroad bridges across the Missouri and other 



streams. He has been much consulted in refer- 
ence to municipal engineering, and his name is 
connected with a number of the gigantic edifices 
in Chicago. 

SMITHBORO, a village and railroad junction 
in Bond County, 3 miles east of GreenviUe. 
Population. 393; (1900), 314. 

SNAPP, Henry, Congressman, born in Livings- 
ton County, N. Y., June 30, 1822, came to Illinois 
with Ins father when 11 years old, and, having 
read law at Joliet, was admitted to the bar in 
1847. He practiced in Will County for twenty 
years before entering public life. In 1868 he was 
elected to the State Senate and occupied a seat in 
that body until his election, in 1871, to the Forty- 
second Congress, by the Republicans of the (then) 
Sixth Illinois District, as successor to B. C. Cook, 
who had resigned. Died, at Joliet, Nov. 23, 189.5. 

SNOW, Herman W., ex-Congressman, was l)orn 
in La Porte County, Ind., July 3, 1836, but was 
reared in Kentucky, working ujion a farm for 
five j'ears, while yet in his minority becoming a 
resident of Illinois. For several years he was a 
school teacher, meanwhile studying law and 
being admitted to the bar. Early in the war he 
enlisted as a private in the One Hundred and 
Thirty-ninth Illinois Volunteers, rising to the 
rank of Captain. His term of service having 
expired, he re-enlisted in the One Hundred and 
Fifty-first Illinois, and was mustered out with 
the rank of Lieutenant-Colonel. After the close 
of the war he resumed teaching at the Chicago 
High School, and later served in the General 
Assembly (1873-74) as Representative from Wood- 
ford County. In 1890 he was elected, as a Demo- 
crat, to represent tlie Ninth Illinois District in 
Congress, but was defeated by his Republican 
opponent in 1892. 

SXOWHOOK, William B., first Collector of 
Customs at Chicago, was born in Ireland in 1804; 
at the age of eight years was brought to New 
York, where he learned the printer's trade, 
and worked for some time in the same office 
with Horace Greeley. At 16 he went back to 
Ireland, remaining two years, but, returning to 
the United States, began the study of law ; was 
also employed on the Passaic Canal; in 1836. 
came to Chicago, and was soon after associated 
with William B. Ogden in a contract on the Illi- 
nois & Michigan Canal, which lasted until 1841.' 
As early as 1.S40 he became prominent as a leader 
in the Democratic party, and, in 1846, received 
from President Polk an appointment as first Col- 
lector of Customs for Chicago (having previously 
served as Special Surveyor of the Port, while 



HISTOKU'AL KNCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



491 



attached to the District of Detroit) ; in 1^5:5, was 
re-appointeil to the ('ollectorshi|) by President 
Pierce, serving two years. During the "Mormon 
^Var■' (1844) lie organized and equipped, at liis 
own expense, the Montgomery (iuards, and was 
commissioned Colonel, but the disturbances were 
brought to an end before the order to march. 
From 18.")G he devoted his attention chiefly to his 
jinictice. but. in 18()2, was one of the Democrats 
of Chicago who took part in a movement to sus- 
tain the Government by stimulating enlistments; 
was also a member of the Convention which 
nominated Mr. Greeley for President in 1S72. 
Died, in Chicago, May 5, 1882. 

SXYDEK, Adam Wilson, pioneer lawyer, and 
early Congressman, was born at Connellsville, 
Pa., Oct. 6, 1799. In early life he followed the 
occupation of wool-curling for a livelihood, 
attending school in the winter. In 181.'), he emi- 
grated to Columbus. Ohio, and afterwards seltletl 
in Ridge Prairie, St. Clair County, 111. Being 
offered a situation in a wool-curling and fulling 
mill at Cahokia, he removed thither in 1817. He 
formed the friendship of Judge Je.sse B. Thomas, 
and, through the latter"s encouragement and aid, 
studied law and gained a solid professional, poli- 
tical, social and linancial position. In 1830 he 
was elected State Senator from St. Clair County, 
and re-elected for two successive terms. He 
served through the Black Hawk War as private. 
Adjutant and Captiiin. In lH:i:i he removed to 
Belleville, and, in 1834, was defeated for Congress 
by Governor Reynolds, whom he, in turn, defeated 
in 1836. Two j'ears later Reynolds again defeated 
him for the same position, and, in 1840, he was 
elected State Senator. In 1841 he vvas the Demo- 
cratic nominee for Governor. The election was 
held in Augu.st, 1842. but. in May preceding, he 
died at his home in Belleville. His place on the 
ticket was filled by Thomas Ford, who wa.s 
elected. — William H. (Snyder), son of the pre- 
ceding, was born in St. Clair County, 111., July 
12, 182,~i; educated at McKendree College, studied 
law with Lieutenant-Governor Koerner, and was 
admitted to practice in 1845; also served for a 
time as Postmaster of the city of Belleville, and, 
during the Mexican War, as First-Lieutenant and 
Adjutant of the Fifth Illinois Volunteers. From 
18.")0 to ■.">4 he represented his county in the Legis- 
lature; in 185.5 was appointed, by Governor Mat- 
teson. State's Attorney, which position he filled 
for two years. He was an unsuccessful candidate 
for the office of .Secretary of State in 1850, and, 
in 1857, was elected a Judge of the Twenty- 
fourth Circuit, was re-elected for the Third Cir- 



cuit in "73, '79 and '85. He was also a member of 
the C Constitutional Convention of 1809-70. Died, 
at Belleville, Dec. 24, 18112. 

SOLIUEKS' AXD SAILORS' HOME, a State 
charitable institution, founded by act of the 
Legislature in 1885, and located at Quincy, 
Adams County. The object of its establish- 
ment was to provide a comfortable home for 
such disabled or dependent veterans of the 
United States land or naval forces as hail 
honorably served during the Civil War. It 
was opened for the reception of veterans on 
March 3, 1887. the first cost of site and build- 
ings having V)een about §350.000. The total num 
ber of inmates admitted up to June 30, 1894, was 
2,813; the number in attendance during the two 
previous years 988, and the whole number present 
on Nov. io, 1894, 1,088. The value of property at 
that time was .$393,630.08. Cimsiderable appro- 
priations have been made for additions to the 
buildings at subsequent sessions of the Legisla- 
ture. The General Government pajs to the State 
SlOO per year for each veteran supported at the 
Home. 

SOLDIERS' ORPHANS' HOME, ILLINOIS, an 
institution, created by act of 1865, for the main- 
tenance and education of children of deceased 
soldiers of the Civil War. An eighty -acre tract, 
one mile north of Normal, was selected as the 
site, and the first principal Ijuilding was com- 
pleted and opened for the admission of tenetici- 
aries on June 1, 1869. Its first cost was §135,000. 
the site having been donated. Repairs and the 
construction of new buildings, from time to 
time, have considerably incre;ised this sum. In 
1875 the l)enefits of the institution were extended, 
by legislative enactment, to the children of sol- 
diers who had died after the close of the war. 
The aggregate number of inmates, in 1894, was 
572, of whom 323 were males and 249 females 

SOLDIERS' WIDOWS' HOME. Provision was 
made for the establishment of this institution by 
the Thirty-ninth General Assembly, in an act. 
approved, June 13, 1895, approjiriating §20,000 for 
the imrchase of a site, the erection of buildings 
and furnishing the .same. It is designed for the 
reception and wire of the mothers, wives, widows 
and daughters of such honorably discharged 
.soldiers or sailors, in the L'niteil States service, as 
may have died, or may lie physically or men- 
tally unable to provide for the families natu- 
rally de|)endent on them, provided that such 
persons have been residents of the State for 
at least one year previous to admission, and 
are without means or ability for self-support. 



492 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



The affairs of the Home are managed by a 
board of five trustees, of whom two are men and 
three women, the former to be members of tlie 
Grand Army of the Republic and of different 
political parties, and the latter members of the 
Women's Relief Corps of this State. The institu- 
tion was located at Wilmington, occupying a 
site of seventeen acres, where it was formally 
opened in a house of eighteen rooms, March 11, 
1890, with twenty-six applications for admit- 
tance. The plan contemplates an early enlarge- 
ment by the erection of additional cottages. 

SORENTO, a village of Bond County, at the 
intersection of the Jacksonville & St. Louis and 
the Toledo, St. Louis & Western Railways, 14 
miles southeast of Lilchfield; has a bank and a 
new.spaper. Its interests are agricultural and 
mining. Pop. (1890), 538; (1900), 1,000. 

SOULAED, James Gaston, pioneer, born of 
French ancestry in St. Louis, Mo., July 15, 1798; 
resided there until 1821, when, having married 
the daughter of a soldier of the Revolution, he 
received an appointment at Fort Snelling, near 
the present city of St. Paul, then under command 
of Col. Snelling, who was his wife's brother-in- 
law. Tlie Fort was reached after a tedious jour- 
ney by flat-boat and overland, late in the fall of 
1821, his wife accompanying him. Three years 
later they returned to St. Louis, where, being an 
engineer, he was engaged for several years in 
surveying. In 1827 he removed with his family 
to Galena, for the ne.xt six years had charge of a 
store of the Gratiot Brothers, early business men 
of that locality. Towards the close of this period 
he received the appointment of County Recorder, 
also liolding the position of County Surs-eyor and 
Postmaster of Galena at the same time. His 
later years were devoted to farming and horti- 
culture, his death taking place, Sept. 17, 1878. 
Mr. Soulard was probably the first man to engage 
in freighting between Galena and Chicago. 
"The Galena Advertiser"' of Sept. 14, 1829, makes 
mention of a wagon-load of lead sent by him to 
Cliicago, his team taking back a load of salt, the 
jiaper remarking: "This is the first wagon that 
lias ever passed from the Mississippi River to 
Chicago." Great results were predicted from 
the exchange of commodities between the lake 
and the lead mine district. — Mrs. Eliza M. 
Hunt (Soulard), wife of the preceding, was born 
at Detroit, Deo. 18, 1804, her father being Col. 
Thomas A. Hunt, who had taken part in the 
Battle of Bunker Hill and remained in the armj- 
until his death, at St. Louis, in 1807. His descend- 
ants ha-v-e maintained their connection with the 



army ever since, a son being a prominent artillery 
officer at the Battle of Gettysburg. Mrs. Soular 
was married at St. Louis, in 1820, and survive 
her husband some sixteen years, dying at Galena 
August 11, 1894. She had resided in Galen? 
nearly seventy years, and at the date of her 
death, in the 90th year of her age, she was thai 
citv's oldest resident. 

SOUTH CHICAGO & WESTERN INDIANA 
R.\ILROAD. (See Chicago & Western Indiana 
lidilrond.) 

SOUTH DANVILLE, a suburb of the city of 
Danville, Vermilion County. Population (1890), 
799; (1900), 898. 

SOUTHEAST & ST. LOUIS RAILWAY. (See 
Lonisrillc d: XashviUe Railroad.) 

SOUTH ELGIN, a village of Kane County, 
near the citv of Elgin. Population (1900), 51.5. 

SOUTHERN COLLEGIATE INSTITUTE, 
located at Alliion. Edwards County, incorporated 
in 1891; had a faculty of ten teachers with 219 
pupils (1897-98) — about equalh- male and female. 
Besides classical, scientific, normal, music and 
fine arts departments, instruction is given in pre- 
paratory studies and business education. Its 
property is valued at §16.500. 

SOUTHERN HOSPITAL FOR THE INSANE, 
located at Anna, Union County, founded by act 
of the Legislature in 1869. The original site com- 
prised 290 acres and cost a little more than 
•522,000, of which one-fourth was donated by citi- 
zens of the county. Tlie construction of build- 
ings was begun in 1869, but it was not until 
March, 1875, that the north wing (the first com- 
pleted) was ready for occupancy. Other portions 
were completed a year later. The Trustees pur- 
chased 160 additional acres in 1883. The first 
cost (up to September, 1876) was nearly 8635,000. 
In 1881 one wing of the main building was de- 
stroyed by fire, and was subsequently rebuilt ; the 
patients being, meanwhile, cared for in temporary 
wooden barracks. The total value of lands and 
buildings belonging to the State, June 30, 1894, 
was estimated at §738,580, and, of property of all 
sorts, at §833,700. The wooden barracks were 
later converted into a permanent ward, additions 
made to the main buildings, a detached building 
for the accommodation of 300 patients erected, 
numerous outbuildings put up and general im- 
provements made. A second fire on the night of 
Jan. 3, 1895, destroyed a large part of the main 
building, inflicting a loss upon the State of 
§175.000. Provision was made for rebuilding by 
the Legislature of that year. The institution has 
capacity for about 750 patients. 



V. 

c 
c 






O = 



X 5' 




HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



493 



I 



SOUTHERX ILLINOIS NORMAL IMVEK- 
SITY, establislied in ISCi), and located, after 
competitive bidding, at Carbondale. wliidi offered 
land.s and bonds at first estimated to be of the 
value of $220,000, but which later depreciated, 
through shrinkage, to .?T."),000. Construction was 
commenced in May, 1870, and the first or main 
building was completed and appropriately dedi- 
cated in July, 1874. Its cost was §205,000, but it 
was destroyed by fire, Nov. 26, 1883. In Febru- 
ary, 1887, a new structure was completed at a cost 
of .$150,000. Two normal courses of instruction 
are given — classical and scientific — each extend- 
ing over a period of four years. The conditions 
of admission reciuire that the pupil shall be 16 
years of age, and shall possess the ([ualifications 
enabling him to pass examination for a second- 
grade teacher's certificate. Those unable to do so 
may enter a preparatory department for six 
months. Pupils who pledge themselves to teach 
in the public schools, not less than half the time 
of their attendance at the University, receive 
free tuition with a small charge for incidentals, 
while others pay a tuition fee. The number of 
students in attendance for the year 1897-98 was 
720, coming from forty-seven counties, chiefly in 
the ■•outhern half of the State, with rei)resent- 
atives from eight other States. The teaching 
facu.ty for the same year consisted, tesides the 
President, of sixteen instructors in tlie various 
departments, of whom five were ladies and 
eleven gentlemen. 

SOUTHERN PENITENTIARY, THE, located 
near Chester, on tlie Mississippi River. Its erec- 
tion was rendered necessary by the overcrowding 
of the Northern Penitentiary. (See Xortheni 
Penitentiary.) The law providing for its estab- 
lishment required the Commissioners to select a 
site convenient of access, adjacent to stone and 
timber, and having a high elevation, with a never 
failing supply of water. In 1877, 122 acres were 
purcha.sed at Chester, and the erection of build- 
ings commenced. The first appro[)riation was of 
§200,000, and $300,000 was ailded in 1879. By 
March, 1878, 200 convicts were received, and 
their labor was utilized in the completion of the 
buildings, which are constructed upon approved 
modern principles. Tlie prison receives convicts 
sent from the southern iwrtion of the State, and 
has accommodation for some 1.200 ])risoners. In 
connection with this jienitentiarj' is an a-sylum 
for insane convicts, the erection of which was 
provided for by the Legislature in 1889. 

SOUTH GROVE, a village of De Kalb County. 
Population (1890), 780. 



SP.4.LDING, Jesse, manufacturer. Collector of 
Customs and Street Railway President, was born 
at Athens, Bradford County, Pa., April 15, 1833; 
early commenced lumbering on the Sus(4uehanna, 
and, at 23, l)egan dealing on his own account. In 
1857 ho removed to Chicago, and soon after bought 
the property of the New York Lumber Company 
at the mouth of the Menominee River in Wiscon- 
sin, where, with different partners, and finally 
practically alone, he has carried on the business 
of lumber manufacture on a large scale ever 
since. In 1881 he was appointed, by President 
Arthur, Collector of the Port of Chicago, and, in 
1889, received from President Harrison an 
appointment as one of the Government Directors 
of the L'^nion Pacific Railway. Mr. Spalding was 
a zealous supporter of the Government during 
the War of the Rebellion and rendered valuable 
aid in the construction and equipment of Camp 
Douglas and the barracks at Chicago for the 
returning soldiers, receiving Auditor's warrants 
in payment, when no funds in the State treasury 
were available for the purpose. lie was associ- 
ated with William B. Ogden and others in the 
project for connecting Green Baj' and Sturgeon 
Bay by a ship canal, which was completed in 
1882, and, on the death of Mr. Ogden, succeeded 
to the Presidency of the Canal Company, serving 
until 1893, when the canal was turned over to the 
General Government. He has also been identified 
with many other public enterprises intimately 
connected with the development and prosperity 
of Chicago, and, in July. 1899, became President 
of the Chicago Union Traction Company, having 
control of the North and West Chicago Street 
Railway Systems. 

SPALDING, John Lancaster, Catholic Bishop, 
was born in Lebanon, Ky., June 2, 1840; educated 
in the United States and in Europe, ordained a 
priest in the Catholic Church in 1803, and there- 
upon attached to the cathedral at Louisville, as 
assistant. In 18G9 he organized a congregation 
of colored people, and built for their use the 
Church of St. Augustine, having been assigned 
to that parish as pastor. Soon afterwards he was 
appointed Secretary to the Bishop and made 
Chancellor of the Diocese. In 1873 he was trans- 
ferred from Louisville to New York, where he 
was attached to the missionary parish of St. 
Michael's. He had, by this time, achieved no little 
fame as a pulpit orator and lecturer. When 
the diocese of Peoria, 111., was created, in 1877, the 
choice of the Pope fell upon him for the new .see, 
and he was consecrated Bishop, on May 1 of that 
ytor, by Cardinal McCloskey at New York. His 



494 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



administration has been c}iaracterized by both 
energy and success. He has devoted much atten- 
tion to the subject of emigration, and has brought 
about the founding of many new settlements in 
the far West. He was also largely instrumental 
in bringing about the founding of the Catholic 
University at Washington. Ho is a frequent 
contributor to the reviews, and the author of a 
number of religious works. 

SPANISH INVASION OF ILLINOIS. In the 
month of June, 17T9, soon after the declaration 
of war between Spain and Great Britain, an expe- 
dition was organized in Canada, to attack the 
Spanish posts along the Mississippi. Simultane- 
ously, a force was to be dispatched from Pensa- 
cola against New Orleans, then commanded by 
a young Spanish Colonel, Don Bernardo de 
Galvez. Secret instructions had been sent to 
British Commandants, all through the Western 
country, to co-operate with both expeditions. De 
Galvez, having learned of the scheme through 
intercepted letters, resolved to forestall the attack 
by becoming the assailant. At the head of a 
force of 670 men, he set out and captured Baton 
Rouge, Fort Manchac and Natchez, almost with- 
out opposition. The British in Canada, being 
ignorant of what had been going on in the South, 
in February following dispatched a force from 
Mackinac to support the expedition from Pensa- 
cola, and, incidentally, to subdue the American 
rebels while en route. Cahokia and Kaskaskia 
were contemplated points of attack, as well as 
the Spanish forts at St. Louis and St. Genevieve. 
This movement was planned by Capt. Patrick 
Sinclair, commandant at Mackinac, but Captain 
Hesse was placed in charge of the expedition, 
which numbered some 750 men, including a force 
of Indians led by a chief named Wabasha. The 
British arrived before St. Louis, early on the 
morning of May 26, 1780, taking the Spaniards 
by surprise. Meanwhile Col. George Rogers 
Clark, having been apprised of the project, 
arrived at Cahokia from the falls of the Ohio, 
twenty-four hours in advance of the attack, his 
presence and readiness to co-operate with tlie 
Spanish, no doubt, contributing to the defeat of 
the expedition. The accounts of what followed 
are conflicting, the number of killed on the St. 
Louis shore being variously estimated from seven 
or eight to sixty eight — the last being the esti- 
inate of Capt. Sinclair in his official report. All 
agree, however, that the invading party was 
forced to retreat in great haste. Colonel Mont- 
gomery, who had been in command at Cahokia, 
with a force of 350 and a party of Spanish allies, 



pursued the retreating invaders as far as the 
Rock River, destroj'ing many Indian villages on 
the way. This movement on the part of the 
British served as a pretext for an attempted re- 
prisal, undertaken by the Spaniards, with the aid 
of a number of Cahokians, early in 1781. Starting 
early in January, this latter expedition crossed 
Illinois, with the design of attacking Foi't St. 
Joseph, at the head of Lake Michigan, which had 
been captured from the English by Thomas Brady 
and afterwards retaken. The Spaniards were com- 
manded by Don Eugenio Pourre, and supported 
by a force of Cahokians and Indians. The fort 
was easily taken and the British flag replaced by 
the ensign of Spain. The affair was regarded as 
of but little moment, at the time, the post being 
evacuated in a few days, and the Spaniards 
returning to St. Louis. Yet it led to serious 
international coaij)lications, and the "conquest" 
was seriously urged by the Spanish ministry as 
giving that country a right to the territory trav- 
ersed. This claim was supported by France 
before the signing of the Treaty of Paris, but 
was defeated, through the combined eflforts of 
Messrs. Jay, Franklin and Adams, the American 
Commissioners in charge of the peace negoti- 
ations with England. 

SPARKS, (Capt.) David R., manufacturer and 
legislator, was born near Lanesville, Ind., in 
1823; in 1836, removed with his parents to Ma- 
coupin County, 111. ; in 1847, enlisted for the 
Mexican War, crossing the jjlains to Santa Fe, 
New Mexico. In 1850 he made the overland trip 
to California, returning the next year by the 
Isthmus of Panama. In 1855 he engaged in the 
milling business at Staunton, Macoupin County, 
but, in 1860, made a third trip across the plains 
in search of gold, taking a quartz-mill which was 
erected near where Central City, Colo., now is, 
and which was the second steam-engine in that 
region. He returned home in time to vote for 
Stephen A. Douglas for President, the same year, 
but became a stalwart Republican, two weeks 
later, when the advocates of secession began to 
develop their policy after the election of Lincoln. 
In 1861 he enlisted, under the call for 500,000 vol- 
unteers following the first battle of Bull Run, and 
was commissioned a Captain in the Third Illinois 
Cavalry (Col. Eugene A. Carr), serving two and a 
half years, during which time he took ])art in 
several hard-fought battles, and being present at 
the fall of Vicksburg. At the end of his service 
lie became associated with his former partner in 
the erection of a large flouring mill at Litchfield, 
but, in 1869, the firm bought an extensive flour- 



ITTSTOlJirAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



495 



ing mill at Alton, of which ho became the princi- 
pal owner in 1881, and which has since been 
greatly enlarged and improved, until it is now one 
of the most extensive establishments of its kind 
in the State. Capt. Sparks wiis elected to the 
Hou.se of Representatives in 188S, and to the State 
Senate in lKi)4, serving in the sessions of 189.5 and 
'97; was als<i strongly suiiixirteil as a candidate 
for the Republican nomination for Congress in 
1S!I(>. 

SPARKS, William A. J., ex-Congressman, was 
born near New Albany, Ind., Nov. 19, 1838, at 8 
years of age was brought by his parents to Illi- 
nois, and shortlj' afterwards left an orphan. 
Thrown on his own resources, he found work 
upon a farm, his attendance at the district 
schools being limited to the winter months. 
Later, he p:issed through 5IcKendree College, 
supiM)rting himself, meanwhile, by teaching, 
graduating in 1850. He read law with Judge 
Sidney Breese, and was admitted to the bar in 
1851. His first public office was that of Receiver 
of the Land Office at Edwardsville, to which he 
was appointed by President Pierce in 1853. re- 
maining until 1856, when he was chosen Presi- 
dential Elector on the Democratic ticket. The 
same year lie was elected to the lower house of 
the General Assemblj-, and, in lS(i;i-G4, served in 
the State Senate for the unexpired term of James 
M. Rodgers, deceased. He was a delegate to the 
National Democratic Convention in 1SG8, and a 
Democratic Representative in Congress from 1875 
to 1883. In 1885 he was appointed, by President 
Cleveland, Commissioner of the General Land 
Office in Washington, retiring, by resignation, in 
1887. His home is at Carlyle. 

SPARTA & ST. GENEVIETE RAILROAl). 
(See Ci'Jitralhi d" Cliester Railroad.) 

SPEED, Joshua Fry, merchant, and intimate 
friend of Abraham Lincoln ; was educated in the 
local schools and at St. Joseph's College, Bards- 
town, Ky., after which he spent some time in a 
whole.sale mercantile establishment in Louisville. 
About 18H5 he came to Springfield, 111., where he 
engaged in the mercantile business, later l»com- 
iug the intimate friend and associate of Abraham 
Lincoln, to wliom he offered the privilege of 
sharing a room over his store, when Mr. Lincoln 
removed from New Salem to Springfield, in 1836. 
Mr. Speed returned to Kentucky in 184'2, but the 
friendship with Mr. Lincoln, which was of a 
most devoted cliaracter, continued until the 
death of the latter. Having located in Jefferson 
County, Ky., 5Ir. Si)eed was elected to the Legis- 
lature in 1848, but was never again willing to 



accept office, though often solicited to do so. lu 
1.S51 he removed to Louisville, where he acquired 
a handsome fortune in the real-estate business. 
On the breaking out of the rebellion in 1861, he 
heartily embraced the cause of the Union, and, 
during tlie war, was entrusted with many deli- 
cate and important dutiow in the interest of the 
Government, by Jlr. Lincoln, whom he frecjuently 
visited in Washington. His deatli occurred at 
Louisville, Jlay 29, 1882.— James (Speed), an 
older brother of the preceding, was a prominent 
Unionist of Kentucky, and, after the war, a 
leailing Republican of that State, serving a.s dele- 
gate to the National Republican Conventions of 
1872 and 1876. In 1864 he was appointed Attor- 
iiej'General bj' Mr. Lincoln and served until 1866, 
when he resigned on account of disagreement 
with President Johnson. He died in 1887, at the 
age of 75 years. 

SPOOX RIVER, rises in Bureau County, flows 
southward through Stark County into Peoria, 
thence southwest through Knox, and to the south 
and southeast, through Fulton County, entering 
the Illinois River opposite Havana. It is about 
150 miles long. 

SPRIX(JER, (Rev.) Francis, T).D., educator 
and Army Chaplain, born in Franklin County, 
Pa., March 19, 1810; was left an orphan at an 
early age, and educated at Pennsylvania College, 
Gettysburg; entered the Lutheran ministry in 
1836, and, in 1839, removed to Springfield, 111., 
where he preached and taught school; in 1847 
became Presi<lent of Hillslxjro College, which, in 
18.52, was removed to Springfield and became Illi- 
nois State University, now known as Concordia 
Seminary. Later, he served for a time iis Super- 
intendent of Schools for the city of Springfield, 
but, in September, 1861, resigned to accept the 
Chaplaincy of the Tenth Illinois Cavalry ; by suc- 
cessive resignations and appointments, held the 
jxisitions of Chaplain of the First Arkansas Infan- 
try (1863-64) and Po.st Chaplain at Fort Smitli, 
Ark., serving in the latter position until April, 
1867, when he was commissioned Cliaiilain of the 
United States Army. This position he resigneil 
wliile stationed at Fort Harker, Kan., Augu.st 23, 
1867. During a considerable part of his incum- 
bency a.s Chaplain at Fort Smith, he acted as 
Agent of the Bureau of Refugees and Freedmen, 
performing important service in caring for non- 
combatants rendered homele.s.s by the vicissitudes 
of war. .\fter the war he served, for a time, as 
Superintendent of Schools for Montgomery 
County, 111. ; was instrumental in the founding 
of Carthage (lU.) College, and was a member of 



496 



HISTOKICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



its Board of Control at the time of his death. He 
was elected Chaplain of the IlUnois House of 
Representatives at the session of the Thirty-fifth 
General Assembly (1887), and Chaplain of the 
Grand Lodge of Free and Accepted Masons of 
Illinois for two consecutive terms (1890-'93). 
He was also member of the Stephenson Post, 
No. 30, G. A. R., at Springfield, and served as its 
Chaplain from January, 1884, to his death, which 
occurred at Springfield, Oct. 21, 1892. 

SPRINGER, William McKendree, e.x-Congress- 
man. Justice of United States Court, was born in 
Sullivan County, Ind., May 30, 1836. In 1848 he 
removed with his parents to Jacksonville, 111., 
was fitted for college in the public high school at 
Jacksonville, under the tuition of the late Dr. 
Bateman, entered Illinois College, remaining 
three years, when he removed to the Indiana 
State University, graduating tliere in 1858. The 
following year lie was admitted to the bar and 
commenced practice in Logan County, but soon 
after removed to Springfield. He entered public 
life as Secretary of the Constitutional Convention 
of 1862. In 1871-72 he reinesented Sangamon 
County in the Legislature, and, in 1874, was 
elected to Congress from the Thirteenth Illinois 
District as a Democrat. From that time until 
the close of the Fifty-third Congress (1895), he 
served in Congress continuously, and was recog- 
nized as one of the leaders of his party on the 
floor, being at the head of many important com- 
mittees when that party was in the ascendancy, 
and a candidate for the Democratic caucus nomi- 
nation for Speaker, in 1893. In 1894 he vras the 
candidate of his party for Congress for the 
eleventh time, but was defeated by his Repub- 
lican opponent, James A. Connolly. In 1895 
President Cleveland appointed him United 
States District Judge for Indian Territory. 

SPRI>'GriELD, the State capital, and the 
county-seat of Sangamon Count3-, situated five 
miles south of the Sangamon River and 185 miles 
southwest of Chicago; is an important railway 
center. The first settlement on the site of the 
present city was made by John Kelly in 1819. 
On April 10, 1821, it was selected, by the first 
Board of County Commissioners, as the temporary 
coimty-seat of Sangamon County, the organi- 
zation of wliicli had been authorized by act of 
the Legislature in January previous, and the 
name Springfield was given to it. In 1823 the 
selection was made permanent. The latter year 
the first sale of lands took place, the original site 
being entered by Pascal P. Enos, Elijah lies and 
Thomas Cox. The town was platted about the 



same time, and the name "Calhoun" was given to 
a section in the northwest quarter of the present 
city — this being the "hey-day" of the South 
Carolina statesman's greatest popularity — but 
the change was not popularly accepted, and the 
new name was soon dropped. It was incorpo- 
rated as a town, April 2, 1832, and as a city, April 
6, 1840; and re-incorporated, under the general, 
law in 1882. It was made the State capital by 
act of the Legislature, passed at the session of 
1837, which went into effect, July 4, 1839, and the 
Legislature first convened there in December of 
the latter j-ear. The general surface is flat, 
though there is rolling ground to the west. The 
city has excellent water-works, a paid fire-depart- 
ment, six banks, electric street railways, gas and 
electric lighting, commodious hotels, fine 
churches, numerous handsome residences, beauti- 
ful parks, thorough sewerage, and is one of the 
best paved and handsomest cities in the State. 
The citj' proper, in 1890, contained an area of four 
square miles, but has since been enlarged by the 
annexation of the following suburbs: North 
Springfield, April 7, 1891 ; West Springfield, Jan. 
4, 1898; and South Springfield and the village of 
Laurel, April 5, 1898. These additions give to 
the present city an area of 5.84 square miles. 
The liopulation of the original city, according to 
the census of 1880, was 19.743, and. in 1890. 24,963, 
while that of the annexed suburbs, at the last 
census, was 2,109 — making a total of 29,072. The 
latest school census (1898) showed a total popu- 
lation of 33,375— population by census (I'JOO), 
34.159. Besides the State House, the city has a 
handsome United States Government Building 
for United States Court and post-office purposes, 
a county courtliouse (the former State capitol). 
a city hall and (State) E.xecutive 5Iansion. 
Springfield was the home of Abraham Lincoln. 
His former residence has been donated to the 
State, and his tomb and monument are in tlie 
beautiful Oak Ridge cemetery, adjoining tlie 
city. Springfield is an important coal-mining 
center, and has many important industries, 
notably a watch factory, rolling mills, and exten- 
sive manufactories of agricultural implements 
and furniture. It is also the permanent location 
of the State Fairs, for which exten.sive buildings 
have been erected on the Fair Grounds nortli of 
the city. There are three daily papers — two morn- 
ing and one evening — published here, besides 
various otiier publications. Pop. (1900), 34,159. 

SPRI>GFIELD, EFFIXGHAM & SOUTH- 
E.\8TERJf RAILRO.\^D. (See St. Lcniis, Indian- 
apolis <£• Eastern Railroad. ) 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



497 



SPRINGFIELD & ILLINOIS SOUTHEAST- 
ER.N RAILROAD. (See Baltimore & Ohio 
Svuthumtern Railroad. ) 

SPRINGFIELD & NORTHWESTERN RAIL- 
ROAD. (See Chicago, Peoria &■ St Louis 
Railroad of Illinois.) 

SPRIN(; VALLEY, an iiu()r])orated city in 
Bureau County, at intersection of the Chicago & 
Northwestern, the Chicago, RocU Island & Pacific, 
the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy, and the 
Toluca, Maniuette & Northern Railways, 100 
miles soutliwest of Chicago. It lies in a coal- 
mining region and has important manufacturing 
interests as well. It has two banks, electric 
street and interurban railways, and two news- 
papers. Population (lfS90), :j.H:iT; (1900), 6,214. 

ST. AGATHA'S SCHOOL, an institution for 
young ladies, at Springfield, under the patronage 
of the Bishop of the Episcopal Church, incorpo- 
rated in 1889. It has a faculty of eight teachers 
giving instruction in the preparatory and higher 
branches, including music and fine arts. It 
rejMjrted fifty-five pupils in 1891, and real estate 
valued at 515.000. 

ST. ALDAN'S ACADEMY, a boys' and young 
men's school at Knoxville, 111., incorporated in 
189G under the auspices of the Episcopal Church ; 
in 1898 had a faculty of seven teachers, with 
forty-five pupils, and property valued at §61,100. 
of wliich §.54,000 was real estate. Instruction is 
given in the classical and scientific branches, 
besides music and preparatorj- studies. 

ST. ANNE, a village of Kankakee County, 
at the crossing of the Chicago & Eastern Illinois 
and the Cleveland, Cincinnati Chicago & St. 
Louis Railways, 60 miles south of Chicago. The 
town has two banks, tile and brick factory, and a 
weekly newspaper. Pop. (1900), 1.000. 

ST. CH.VRLES,a city in Kane County, on both 
sides of Fox River, at intersection of the Chicago 
& Northwestern and the Chicago Great Western 
Railways; 38 miles west of Chicago and 10 miles 
soutli of Elgin. The river furnishes excellent 
water-power, which is being utilized by a number 
of important manufacturing enterprises. The 
city is connected with Chicago and many towns 
in the Fox River valley by interurbcU electric 
trolley lines; is also the seat of the State Home 
for Boys. Pop. (1890), 1.G90; (1900), 2,675. 

ST. CLAIR, Arthur, first Governor of the 
Northwest Territory, was born of titled ancestry 
at Thurso, Scotland, in 1734; came to America in 
1757 as an ensign, having purcliiised his commis- 
sion, participated in the capture of Louisburg, 
Canada, in 1758, and fought under WoHe at 



Quebec. In 1764 Ise settled in Pennsylvania, 
where he amassed a moderate fortune, and be- 
came prominent in public affairs. He served with 
distinction during the Revolutionary War, rising 
to the rank of Major-General, and succeeding 
General Gates in command at Ticonderoga, but, 
later, was censured by Washington for his hasty 
evacuation of the post, though finally vindicated 
by a military court. His Revolutionarj' record, 
however, was generally good, and even distin- 
guished. He represented Pennsylvania in the 
Continental Congress, and presided over that 
body in 1787. He served as Governor of the 
Northwest Territory (including the present State 
of Illinois) from 1789 to 1802. As an executive 
he was not successful, being unpopular because 
of his arbitrariness. In November. 1791, he 
suffered a serious defeat by the Indians in the 
valley between the Miami and the Wabash. In 
this campaign he was badly crippled by the gout, 
and had to be carried on a litter; he was again 
vindicated by a Congressional investigation. His 
first visit to the Illinois Country was made in 
1790, when he organized St. Clair County, which 
was named in his honor. In 1802 President Jef- 
ferson removed him from the governorship of 
Ohio Territory, of whicli he had continued to be 
the Governor after its separation from Indiana 
and Illinois. The remainder of his life was 
spent in comparative penury. Shortly before his 
decease, he was granted an annuity bj' the Penn- 
sylvania Legislature and by Congress. Died, at 
Greenslnirg. Pa.. August 31, 1818. 

ST. CLAIR COUNTY, the first county organ- 
ized within the territory comprised in the pres- 
ent State of Illinois — the whole region west 
of the Ohio River having been first placed under 
civil juri.sdiction, under the name of "Illinois 
County," by an act of the Virginia House of 
Delegates, passed in October. 1778, a few months 
after the capture of Kaskaskia by Col. George 
Rogers Clark. (See Illinois; also Clark, George 
Rogers.) St. Clair County was finally set ofl 
by an order of Gov. Arthur St Clair, on occa- 
sion of his first visit to the "Illinois Country," 
in April, 1790 — more than two years after his 
a.ssumption of the duties of Governor of the 
Northwest Territory, which then comprehended 
the "Illinois Country" as well as the whole 
region within the present States of Ohio. Indiana. 
Michigan and Wisconsin. Governor St. Clair's 
order, which bears date, April 27. 1790, defines 
the boundaries of the new county — wliich took 
his own name — as follows: "Beginning at the 
mouth of the Little Michillimackanack River, 



498 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPP]DIA OF ILLINOIS. 



running thence southerly in a direct line to the 
mouth of the little river above Fort Massac upon 
the Ohio River ; thence with the said river to its 
junction with the Mississippi; thence up the 
Mississippi to the mouth of the Illinois, and so up 
the Illinois River to the place of beginning, with 
all the adjacent islands of said rivers. Illinois and 
5Iis.sis.sippi. ■■ The "Little Michillimackanack," 
the initial point mentioned in this description — 
also variously spelled "Makina"' and ''Macki- 
naw," the latter being the name by which the 
stream is now known — empties into the Illinois 
River on the south side a few miles below 
Pekin, in Tazewell County. The boundaries 
of St. Clair County, as given by Gov. St. Clair, 
indicate tlie imperfect knowledge of the topog- 
raphy of the •■Illinois Country" existing in 
that day, as a line drawn south from the mouth 
of the Mackinaw River, instead of reaching the 
Ohio "above Fort Massac," would have followed 
the longitude of the present city of Springfield, 
.striking the Mississippi about the northwestern 
corner of Jackson County, twenty -five miles west 
of the mouth of the Ohio. The object of Gov- 
ernor St. Clair's order was, of course, to include 
the settled portions of the Illinois Country ,iii the 
new county ; and, if it had had the effect intended, 
the eastern border of the county would have fol- 
lowed a line some fifty miles farther eastward, 
along the eastern border of Marion, Jefferson, 
Franklin, Williamson and Johnson Counties, 
I'eaching the Oliio River about the present site of 
Metropolis City in Massac County, and embracing 
about one-half of the area of the present State of 
Illinois. For all practical purposes it embraced 
all the Illinois Country, as it included that por- 
tion in which the white settlements were located. 
(See St. Clair, Arthur; also Illinois Country.) 
The early records of St. Clair County are in the 
French language ; its first settlers and its early 
civilization were French, and the first church to 
inculcate the doctrine of Christianity was the 
Roman Catholic. The first proceedings in court 
under tlie common law were liad in 1796. The 
first Justices of tlie Peace were appointed in 1807, 
and, as there was no penitentiary, the whipping- 
post and pillory played an important part in tlie 
code of penalties, these punishments being im- 
partially meted out as late as the time of Judge 
(afterwards Governor) Reynolds, to "the lame, the 
halt and the blind," for such offenses as the lar- 
ceny of a silk handkerchief. At first three 
places — Cahokia, Prairie du Rocher and Kaskas- 
kia— were named as county seats by Governor St. 
Clair ; but Randolph County having been set off 



in 1.S95, Cahokia became the county-seat of the 
older county, so remaining until 1813, when 
Belleville was selected as the seat of justice. At 
that time it was a mere cornfield owned by 
George Blair, altliough settlements had previously 
been established in Ridge Prairie and at Badgley. 
Judge Jesse B. Thomas held his first court in a 
log-cabin, but a rude court house was erected in 
1814, and, the same year, George E. Blair estab- 
lished a hostelry, Joseph Kerr opened a store, 
and, in 1817, additional improvements were 
inaugurated by Daniel Murray and others, from 
Baltimore. John H. Dennis and the Mitchells 
and Wests (from Virginia) settled soon after- 
ward, becoming farmers and mechanics. Belle- 
ville was incorporated in 1S19. In XS'Zo Governor 
Edwards bought the large landed interests of 
Etieiiiie Personeau, a large Frencli land-owner, 
ordered a new survey of the town ami infused fresh 
life into its development. Settlers began to arrive 
in large numbers, mainly Virginians, who brought 
with them their slaves, the right to hold which 
was, for many years, a fruitful and perennial 
source of strife. Emigrants from German}' 
began to arrive at an early day, and now a large 
proportion of the population of Belleville and St. 
Clair County is made up of that nationality. The 
county, as at present organized, lies on the west- 
ern border of the south half of the State, immedi- 
ately opposite St. Louis, and comprises some 680 
square miles. Three-fourths of it are underlaid 
by a vein of coal, six to eight feet thick, and 
about one hundred feet below the surface. Con- 
siderable wheat is raised. The principal towns 
are Belleville. East St. Louis. Lebanon and Mas- 
coutali. Population of the county (1880), 61,806; 
(1890), 1>6,.J71; (1900), 8(3,685. 

ST. JOHN, an incorporated village of Perry 
County, on the Illinois Central Railway, one mile 
north of Duquoin. Coal is mined and salt manu- 
factured here. Population about 500. 

ST. JOSEPH, a village of Champaign County, 
on the Cleveland, Cincinnati. Chicago it St. Louis 
Railway, 10 miles east of Champaign; has inter- 
urban railroad connection. Pop. (1900), 637. 

ST. JOSEPH'S HOSPITAL, (Chicago), founded 
in 1860. by the Sisters of Charity. Having been de- 
stroyed in the fire of 1871, it was rebuilt in the 
following year. In 189'3 it was reconstructed, en- 
larged and made thoroughly modern in its appoint- 
ments. It can accommodate about 250 patients. 
The Sisters attend to the nursing, and conduct the 
domestic and financial affairs. The medical staff 
comprises ten physicans and surgeons, among 
whom are some of the most eminent in Chicaga 



nrsToniCAL encyclopedia of Illinois. 



49& 



ST. LOUIS, ALTON k CHICAGO RAILROAD. 

(See i'hic(i(jo <£• Alton litiilroiid.) 

ST. LOl IS, ALTON A Sl'RINGFIELO RAIL- 
ROAD. (See St. Louis. Chicago & St. Paul 
liailruiid.) 

ST. LOIIS, ALTON A TERRE HAUTE 
RAILOAD, ;i corporaticiii formerly operating an 
extensive system of railroads in Illinois. TheTerre 
Haute & Alton Railroad Company (the original 
corporation) was chartered in Janviavy. ISiil, 
work begun in 1852, and the main line from 
Terre Haute to Alton (173.5 miles) completed, 
March 1, 1856. The Belleville & Illinoistown 
branch (from Belleville to East St. Louis) was 
chartered in 1853, and completed between the 
points named in the title, in the fall of 1854. 
This corpt>ration secured authority to construct 
an extension fx'om Illinoistown (now East St. 
Louis) to Alton, which was completed in October, 
1856, giving the first raih'oad connection between 
Alton & St. Louis. Simultaneously with this, 
these two roads (tlie Terre Haute & Alton and 
the Belleville & Illinoistown) were consolidatvd 
under a single charter by special act of the Legis- 
lature in February, \^~>i, the consolidated line 
taking the name of the Terre Haute, Alton & St. 
Louis Railroad. Subsequently the road became 
financially embarassed, was sold under foreclosure 
and reorganized, in 1863, under the name of the 
St. Louis. Alton & Terre Haute Railroad. June 
1, 1867, the main line (from Terre Haute to St. 
Louis) was leased for niety-nine years to the 
Indianapolis & St. Louis Railway Company (an 
Indiana corporation! guaranteed by certain other 
lines, but the lease was subsequently broken by 
the insolvency of the lessee and some of the 
guarantors. The Indianapolis & St. Louis went 
into the hands of a receiver in 1883, and was sold 
under foreclosure, in July of the same year, its 
interest being absorbed by the Cleveland, Cin- 
cinnati, Chicago & St. Louis Railway, by which 
the main line is now operated. The properties 
officially reported as remaining in the hands of 
the St. Louis, .\lton & Terre Haute Railroad. 
June 30, 1895, beside the Belleville Branch (14.40 
miles), included the following leased and subsidi- 
ary lines: Belleville & Southern Illinois — "Cairo 
Short Line" (56.40 miles); Belleville & Eldorado, 
(50.30 miles); Belleville & Carondelet (17.30 
miles); St. Louis Southern and branches (47.27 
miles), and Chicago, St. Louis & Paducah Rail- 
way (53.50 miles). All these have been leased, 
since the close of the fiscal year 1895, to the Illi- 
nois Central. (For sketches of the.se several 
roads see headings of each. ) 



ST. LOUIS, CHICAGO & ST. PAUL RAII, 
ROAD, (Blutr Line), a line running from Spring- 
field to (Jranite City, 111., (opposite St. Louis), 
103.1 miles, with a branch from Lock Haven to 
Grafton, 111., 8.4 miles — total length of line in 
Illinois, 110.5 miles. The track is of standard 
gauge, laid with 56 to 70-pound steel rails. — (His- 
tory. ) The road was originally incorporated 
under the name of the St. Louis, JerseyviUe & 
Springfield Railroad, built from Bates to Grafton 
in 1883, and absorbed by the M'abash, St. Louis & 
Pacific Railway Companj' ; was surrendered by the 
receivers of the latter in 1886, and pa.ssed under 
the control of the bond-holders, by whom it was 
transferred to a corporation known as the St. 
Louis & Central Illinois Railroad Company. In 
June. 1887, the St. Louis, Alton & Springfield 
Railroad Company was organized, with power to 
build extensions from Newbern to Alton, and 
from Bates to Springfield, which was done. In 
October, 1890, a receiver was appointed, followed 
by a reorganization under the i)resent name (St. 
Louis, Chicago & St. Paul). Default was made 
on the interest and, in June following, it was 
.igain placed in the hands of receivers, by whom 
it was operated until 1898. The total earnings 
and income for the fiscal year 1897-98 were 
§318,815, operating exjjenses, $373,370; total 
capitalization, §4,853,526, of which, §1,500,000 
was in the form of stock and §1,235 000 in income 
bonds. 

ST. LOUIS, INDIANAPOLIS & EASTERX 
RAILROAD, a railroad line 90 miles in length, 
extending from Switz City. Ind., to Efiingham, 
111. — .56 miles being within the State of Illinois. 
It is of standard gauge and the track laid chiefly 
with iron rails. — (History.) The orginal corpo- 
ration was chartered in 1869 as the Springfield, 
Effingham & Quincy Railway Company. It waa 
built as a narrow-gauge line by the Cincinnati, 
Effingham & Quincy Construc^tion Company, 
which went into the hands of a receiver in 1878. 
The road was completed In- the receiver in 1880, 
and, in 1885, restored to the Construction Com- 
pany by the discharge of the receiver. For a 
short time it was operated in connection with 
the Bloomfield Railroad of Indiana, but was 
reorganized in 18.^6 as the Indiana & Illinois 
Southern Railroad, and the gauge changed to 
standard in 1887. Having made default in the 
payment of interest, it was sold under foreclosure 
in 1S90 and purcha.sed in the interest of the bond- 
holders, by whom it was conveyed to the St. 
Louis. Indianapolis & Eastern Railroad Company, 
in whose name the line is operated. Its business 



500 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA Of^ ILLIXOIS. 



is limited, and chiefly local. The tot^l earnings 
in 1898 were §65,583 and the expenditui'es §69, 112. 
Its capital stock was .$7-10,900; bonded debt, 
§978.000, other indebtedness increasing the total 
capital investment to §1,816,736. 

ST. LOUIS, JACKSOXTILLE & CHICAGO 
RAILROAD. (See Chicago d- Alton Railroad.) 

ST. LOUIS, JERSEYVILLE & SPRIXiFIELD 
RAILROAD. (See St. Louis, Chicago & St. Paul 
Railroad.) 

ST. LOUIS, MOUNT CARMEL & NEW AL- 
BANY RAILROAD. (See Louisville, Evansville 
& St. Louis {Consolidated) Railroad.) 

ST. LOUIS, PEORIA & NORTHERN RAIL- 
WAY, known as "Peoria Short Line," a corpo- 
ration organized, Feb. 29, 1896, to take over and 
unite the properties of the St. Louis & Eastern, 
the St. Louis & Peoria and the North and South 
Bailways, and to extend the same due north 
from Springfield to Peoria (60 miles), and thence 
to Fulton or East Clinton, 111., on the Upper Mis- 
sissippi. The line extends from Springfield to 
Glen Carbon (84.46 miles), with trackage facilities 
over the Chicago, Peoria & St. Louis Railroad 
and the Merchants" Terminal Bridge (18 miles) 
to St. Louis. — (History.) This road has been 
made up of three sections or divisions. (1) The 
initial section of the line was constructed under 
the name of the St. Louis & Chicago Railroad of 
lUinois, incorporated in 1885, and opened from 
Mount Olive to Alhambra in 1887. It passed 
into the hands of a receiver, was sold under fore- 
closure in 1889, and reorganized, in 1890, as the St. 
Louis & Peoria Railroad. The St. Louis & East- 
ern, chartered in 1889, built the line from Glen 
Carbon to Marine, which was opened in 1893; the 
following year, bought the St. Louis & Peoria 
line, and, in 1895, constructed the link (8 miles) 
between Alhambra and Marine. (3) The North 
& South Railroad Compan}- of Illinois, organized 
in 1890, as successor to the St. Louis & Chicago 
Railway Compan)', proceeded in the construction 
of the line (50.46 miles) from Mt. Olive to Spring- 
field, which was subsequently leased to the Chi- 
cago, Peoria & St. Louis, then under the 
management of the Jacksonville, Louisville & St. 
Louis Railway. The latter corporation having 
defaulted, the propert}- passed into the hands of 
a receiver. By expiration of tlie lease in Decem- 
ber, 1896, the property reverted to the proprietary 
Company, which took possession, Jan. 1, 1896. 
The St. Louis & Soutlieastern then bought the 
line outright, and it was incorporated as a part of 
the new organization under tlie name of the St. 
Louis, Peoria & Northern Railway, the North 



& South Railroad going out of existence. In 
May, 1899, the St. Louis. Peoria & Northern was 
sold to the reorganized Chicago & Alton Railroad 
Company, to be operated as a sliort line between 
Peoria & St. Ltmis. 

ST. LOUIS, ROCK ISLAND & CHICAGO 
RAILROAD. (See Chicago, Burlington & Qiiincy 
Ru ilroad. ) 

ST. LOUIS SOUTHERN RAILROAD, a line 
running from Pinckne3'ville, 111., via Murphys- 
boro, to Carbondale. The conipanj- is also the 
lessee of the Carbondale & Shawneetown Rail- 
road, extending from Carbondale to Marion, 17.5 
miles — total, 50. 5 miles. The track is of standard 
gauge and laid with 56 and 60-pound steel rails. 
The company was organized in August, 1886, to 
succeed to the property of the St. Louis Coal Rail- 
road (organized in 1879) and the St. Louis Central 
Railway ; and was leased for 980 j-ears from Dec. 
1, 1886, to the St. Louis, Alton & Terre Haute 
Railroad Company, at an annual rental equal to 
thirty jjer cent of the gross earnings, with a mini- 
mum guarantee of §33,000, which is sufiicient 
to pay the interest on the first mortgage bonds. 
During the year 1896 this line passed under lease 
from the St. Louis, Alton & Terre Haute Rail- 
road Company, into the hands of the Illinois 
Central Railroad Companv. 

ST. LOUIS, SPRINGFIELD & TINCENNES 
RAILROAD COMPANY, a corporation organized 
in July, 1899, to take over the property of the 
Baltimore & Ohio Southwestern Railway in the 
State of Illinois, known as the Ohio & 3Iississippi 
and the Springfield & Illinois Southeastern 
Railways — the former extending from Vin- 
cennes, Ind.. to East St. Louis, and the latter 
from Beard.stown to Shawneetown. The prop- 
erty was sold under foreclosm-e, at Cincinnati, 
July 10, 1899, and transferred, for purposes of 
reorganization, into the hands of the new cor- 
poration, July 38, 1899. (For history of the 
several lines see Baltimore cfc Ohio Southwestern 
Railway.) 

ST. LOUIS, Y'ANDAUA & TERRE HAUTE 
RAILROAD. This line extends from East St. 
Louis eastward across the State, to the Indiana 
State line, a distance of 158.3 miles. The Terre 
Haute & Indianapolis Railroad Company is the 
lessee. The track is single, of standard gauge, 
and laid with steel rails. The outstanding capi- 
tal stock, in 1898, was §3,934,058, the bonded debt, 
§4,496.000, and the floating debt, §218.480.— (His- 
tory ) The St. Louis, Vandalia & Terre Haute 
Railroad was chartered in 1865, opened in 1870 
and leased to the Terre Haute & Indianapolis 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



501 



Railroad, for itself and the Pittsburg, Cincinnati, 
Chicago & St. Louis l{;iiIroad. 

ST. LOUIS & CAIRO RAILROAD, extends 
from East St. Louis to Cairo, III., 151. (J miles, with 
a branch from Millstadt Jvinetion to High Prairie, 
'■) n\iles. The track is of standard gauge and laid 
mainly with steel rails. — (History.) The origi- 
nal charter was granted to the Cairo & St. Louis 
Railroad Company, Feb. 16, 1805, and the road 
opened, March 1, 1875. Subsequently it pa.s.sed 
into the hantls of a receiver, was sold under fore- 
closure, July 14. 1881, and was taken charge of 
by a new company under its present name, Feb. 
1, 1882. On Feb. 1. 1886, it was leased to the 
Mobile & Oliio Railroad Company for forty-five 
years, and now constitutes the Illinois Division 
of that line, giving it a connection with St. 
Louis. (See Mobile <& Ohio Railivdi/.) 

ST. LOUIS & CENTRAL ILLINOIS RAIL- 
ROAD. (See St. Louis, Chicago & St. Paul 
Eailroail.) 

ST. LOUIS & CHICAGO RAILROAD (of 
Illinois). (See St. Louis, Peoria <& A'orthern 
liailway.) 

ST. LOUIS & EASTERN RAILROAD. (See 
St. Louis, Peoria <fc Xortheru Railaxuj.) 

ST. LOUIS & PEORIA RAILWAY. (See 
St. Louis. Peoria d- Xorthem Railway.) 

ST. LUKE'S HOSPITAL, located in Chicago. 
It was chartered in 1865, its incorporators, in 
their initial statement, substantially declaring 
their object to be the e.stablishnient of a free hos- 
pital under the control of the Protestant Epis- 
copal Church, which should be open to the 
afflicted poor, without distinction of race or 
creed. The hospital was opened on a small scale, 
but steadily increased until 1879, when re-incor- 
poration w;is effected under the general law. In 
1885 a new building was erected on land donated 
for that purptise. at a cost exceeding §150,000, 
exclusive of §20,000 for furnishing. TVhile its 
primary object has been to aiford accommoda- 
tion, with medical and surgical care, gratuitously, 
to the needy poor, the institution also provides a 
considerable number of comfortable, well-fur- 
nished private rooms for patients who are able 
and willing to pay for the same. It contains an 
ampliitheater for surgical operations and clinics, 
and has a free disi)ensary for out-patients. Dur- 
ing the past few years important additions 
have been made, the number of beds increased, 
and provision made for a training school for 
nurses. The medical .staff (1896) consists of 
thirteen physicians and surgeons and two 
pathologists. 



ST. MART'S SCHOOL, a young ladies' semi- 
nary, under tlic patronage of the Episcopal 
Church, at Knoxville, Knox County, 111. ; was 
incorporated in 1858, in 1898 had a faculty of four- 
teen teachers, giving instruction to 113 pupils. 
The branches taught include the classics, the 
sciences, fine arts, music and preparatory studies. 
The institution has a library of 2,200 volumes, 
and owns projierty valued at §130,500, of which 
§100,000 is real estate. 

STAGER, Alison, soldier and Telegraph Super- 
intendent, was born in Ontario County, N. Y., 
April 20, 1825 ; at 10 years of age entered the serv- 
ice of Henry O'Reilly, a printer who afterwards 
became a pioneer in building telegraph lines, and 
with whom he became associated in varioas enter- 
prises of this character. Having introduced 
several improvements in the construction of bat- 
teries and the arrangement of wires, he wa.s, in 
1852, made General Superintendent of the [irinci- 
pal lines in the West, and, on the organization of 
the Western Union Company, was retained in 
this position. Early in the Civil War he was 
entrusted with the management of telegraph 
lines in Southern Ohio and along the Virginia 
border, and, in October follovring. was appointed 
General Superintendent of Government tele- 
graphs, remaining in this position until Septem- 
ber, 1868, his services being recognized in his 
promotion to a brevet Brigadier-Generalship of 
Volunteers. In 1869 General Stager returned to 
Chicago and, in addition to his duties as General 
Superinteiident, engaged in the promotion of a 
number of enterprises connected with the manu- 
facture of electrical appliances and other 
branches of the business. One of these was the 
consolidation of the telephone companies, of 
which he became President, as also of the West- 
ern Edison Electric Light Company, besides being 
a Director in several other corporations. Died, 
in Chicago, March 20, 18H."). 

STANDISH, John Van Ness, a lineal descendant 
of Capt. Miles Standish, the Pilgrim leader, was 
born at Woodstock, Vt., Feb. 26, 1825. His early 
j-ears were spent on a farm, but a love of knowl- 
edge and bcK)ks became his ruling passion, and he 
devoted several years to study, in the "Liberal 
Institute" at Lebanon, N. H., finally graduating, 
with the degree of A. B., at Norwich University 
in the class of 1847. Later, he received the 
degree of A.M., in due course, from his Alma 
Mater in 1855; tliat of Ph.D. from Knox College, 
in 188.3, of LL.D from St. Lawrence University 
in 1893. and from Norwich, in 1898. Dr. Standish 
chose the profession of a teacher, and has spent 



502 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



over fifty years in its pursuit in connection witli 
private and public schools and the College, of 
which more tlian forty years were as Professor and 
President of liOnibard University at Galesburg. 
He has also lectured and conducted Teachers" 
Institutes all over the State, and, in 1859, was 
elected President of the State Teachers' Associ- 
ation. He made three visits to the Old World — 
in 1879, '83-83, and '91-93— and, during his second 
trip, traveled over 40,000 miles, visiting nearly 
every countr)- of Europe, including the "Land of 
the Midnight Sun," besides Northern Africa 
from the Mediterranean to the Desert of Sahara, 
Egypt, Palestine, Syria and Asia Minor. A lover 
of art, he has visited nearly all the principal 
museums and picture galleries of the world. In 
politics he is a Republican, and, in opposition to 
many college men, a firm believer in the doctrine 
of protection. In religion, he is a Universalist. 

STAPP, James T. B., State Auditor, was born 
in Woodford County, Ky., April 13, 1S04; at the 
age of 13 accompanied his widowed mother to 
Kaskaskia, 111., where she settled; before he was 
20 years old, was employed as a clerk in the office 
of the State Auditor, and, upon the resignation of 
that officer, was appointed his successor, being 
twice thereafter elected by the Legislature, serv- 
ing nearly five years. He resigned the auditor- 
ship to accept the Presidency of the State Bank 
at Vandalia, which post he filled for tliirteen 
years; acted as Aid-de-camp on Governor Rey- 
nolds staff in the Black Hawk War, and served 
as Adjutant of the Third Illinois Volunteers dur- 
ing the war with Mexico. President Taylor 
appointed Mr. Stapp Receiver of the United 
States Land Office at Vandalia, which office he 
held during the Fillmore administration, resign- 
ing in 1855. Two years later he removed to 
Decatur, where he continued to reside until his 
death in 1876. A handsome Methodist chapel, 
erected b}' him in that city, bears his name. 

STARK COUNTY, an interior county in the 
northern lialf of the State, lying west of the Illi- 
nois River ; has an area of 390 square miles. It 
has a rich, alluvial soil, well watered by numer- 
ous small streams. The principal industries are 
agriculture and stock-raising, and the chief 
towns are Toulon and Wyoming. The county 
was erected from Putnam and Knox in 1839, and 
named in honor of General Stark, of Revolution- 
ary fame. The earliest settler was Isaac B. 
Essex, who built a cabin on Spoon River, in 1838, 
and gave his name to a township. Of other pio- 
neer families, the Buswells, Smiths, Spencers and 



Eastmans came from New England ; the Thom- 
ases, Moores, Holgates, Fullers and Whittakers 
from Pennsjlvania; the Coxes from Ohio; the 
Perrj's and Parkers from Virginia ; the McClana- 
hans from Kentucky' ; the Hendersons from Ten- 
nessee ; the Lees and Hazens from New Jersey ; 
the Halls from England, and the Turnbulls and 
Olivers from Scotland. The pioneer church was 
the Congregational at Toulon. Population (1880), 
11,307; (1890), 9,983; (1900), 10,186. 

STAR'\'ED ROCK, a celebrated rock or cliff on 
the .south side of Illinois River, in La Salle 
County, upon which the French explorer. La 
Salle, and his lieutenant, Tonty, erected a fort in 
1683, which they named Fort St. Louis. It was 
one mile north of the supposed location of the 
Indian village of La Vantum, the metropolis, so 
to speak, of the Illinois Indians about the time of 
the arrival of the fir.st French exjilorers. The 
population of this village, in 1680, according to 
Fatiier Jlembre, was some seven or eight thou- 
sand. Both La Vantum and Fort St. Louis were 
repeatedly attacked by the Iroquois. The Illinois 
were temporarily driven from La Vantum, but 
the French, for the time being, successfully 
defended their fortification. In 1703 the fort was 
abandoned as a military post, but continued to 
be used as a French trading-post until 1718. 
when it was burned by Indians. The Illinois 
were not again molested until 1733, when the 
Foxes made an unsuccessful attack upon them. 
The larger portion of the tribe, however, resolved 
to cast in their fortunes with other tribes on the 
Mississippi River. Those who remained fell an 
easy prey to the foes by whom they were sur- 
rounded. In 1769 they were attacked from the 
north by tribes who desired to avenge the murder 
of Pontiac. Finding themselves hard pressed, 
the}' betook themselves to the bluff where Fort 
St. liOuis had formerly stood. Here the}' were 
besieged for twelve days, when, destitute of food 
or water, they made a gallant but hopeless sortie. 
According to a tradition handed down among the 
Indians, all were massacred by the besiegers in 
an attempt to escape by night, except one half- 
breed, who succeeded in evading his pursuers. 
This sanguinary catastrophe has given the rock 
its popular name. Elmer Baldwin, in his History 
of La Salle County (1877), says: "The bones of 
the victims lay scattered about the cliff' in pro- 
fusion after the settlement by the whites, and 
are still found mingled plentifully with the soil." 
(See La Salle, Robert Cavelier; Tonfy; Fort St. 
Lortis.) 



mSTOniCAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



503 



STARNE, Alexander, Seoretary of .State and 
State Ti-easurer, was born iu riiiladelphia. Pa., 
Nov. 21, 1818; in the spring of 18;W removed to 
Illinois, settling at Griggsville, Pike Connty, 
where he opened a general store. From 1839 to 
"42 lie served as Commissioner of Pike County, 
and, in the latter year, was elected to the lower 
house of the General Assembly, and re-elected in 
1844. Having, in the meanwliile, disposed of his 
store at Griggsville and removed to Pittslield, he 
was appointed, bj- Judge Purple, Clerk of the 
Circuit Court, and elected to the same office for 
four years, when it was made elective. In 18.52 
he was elected Secretary of State, when he 
removed to Springfield, returning to Griggsville 
at the expiration of his term in 18.jT, to a.ssume 
the Presidency of the old Hannibal and Xaples 
Railroad (now a part of the Wabash system). 
He represented Pike and Brown Counties in the 
Constitutional Convention of 1862, and the same 
year was elected State Treasurer. He thereupon 
again removed to Springfield, where lie resided 
until his death, being, with his sons, extensively 
engaged in coal mining. In 1870, and again in 
1872. he was elected State Senator from San- 
gamon County. He died at .Springfield, JIarch 
31, 1886. 

ST.VTE B V\K OF ILLINOIS. The first legis- 
lation, having for its object the e.-itablishment of 
a bank witliin the territory which now consti- 
tutes the State of Illinois, was the passage, by 
the Territorial Legislature of 1816. of an act 
incorporating the "Bank of Illinois at .Shawnee- 
town, with branches at Edwards\ille and Kas- 
kaskia. " In the Second General Assembly of 
the State (1820) an act was pa.s.sed, over the 
Governor's veto and in iletiance of the adverse 
judgment of the Council of Revision, establish- 
ing a .State Bank at Vandalia with branches at 
Shawneetovvn, Ed wards ville, and Brownsville in 
Jackson County. This was, in effect, a recliarter- 
ing of the banks at Shawneetown and Edwards- 
ville. .So far as the former is concerned, it seems 
to have been well managed; but the official 
conduct of the officers of the latter, on the basis 
of charges in.ade by Governor Edwards in 182(i, 
was maile the subject of a legislative investiga- 
tion, which (althougli it resulted in nothing) 
seems to have had some basis of fact, in view of 
the losses finally sustained in winding up its 
affairs — that of the General Government amount- 
ing to •'?.54.000. Grave charges were made in this 
(connection against men who were tlien. or 
afterwards became, prominent in State affairs, 
including <.ne Justice of the Supreme Court and 
one (still later) a United States Senator. The 



experiment was disastrous, as, ten years later 
(1831), it was found necessary for the State to 
incur a debt of §100,000 to redeem the outstand- 
ing circulation. Influenced, however, by the 
popular demand for an increase in the "circu- 
lating medium," the State continued its experi- 
ment of becoming a stockholder in banks 
managed by its citizens, and accordingly .we lind 
it. in 1.S3.5. legislating in the same direction for 
the e.stablisliing of a central "Bank of Illinois" 
at Springtield, with branches at other j)oints as 
might be required, not to exceed six in number. 
One of these branches was established at Van- 
dalia and another at Chicago, furnishing the first 
banking institution of the latter city. Two 
years later, when the State was entering upon 
its strheme of internal improvement, laws were 
enacted increasing the capital stock of these 
banks to §4,000,000 in the aggregate. Following 
the example of similar institutions eLsewhere, 
they su.spended specie payments a few months 
later, but were protected by "stay laws" and 
other devices until 1842, when the internal 
iin])rovement scheme having been finally aban- 
doned, they fell in general collapse. The .State 
ceased to be a stock-holder in 1843, and the banks 
were put in cour.se of lii|uidation, though it 
reipiired several years to (com|)lete tlie work. 

STATE CAPITALS. The first State cai.ital of 
Illinois was Kaskaskia, where the first Territorial 
Legislature convened, Nov. 25, 1812. At that 
time there were but five counties in the State — 
St. Clair and Randolph I)eing the most important, 
and Kaskaskia being tlie county-seat of the 
latter. Illinois was admitted into the Union as a 
State in 1818, and the first Constitution provided 
that the seat of government should remain at 
Kaska.skia until removed by legislative enact- 
ment. Tliat instrument, however, made it obli- 
gatory upon the Legislature, at its first session, 
to iietition Congress for a grant of not more than 
four sections of land, on which should be erected 
a town, which should remain the seat of govern- 
ment for twenty years. The iietition was duly 
jiresented and granted; and. in accordance with 
the power granted by the Constitution, a Board 
of live Commissioners selected the site of tlie 
present city of Vandalia, then a point in the 
wilderness twenty miles north of any settle- 
ment. But so great was the faith of speculators 
in the future of the proposed city, that town lots 
were soon selling at .^lOO to .^780 each. The Com- 
missioners, in obedience to law, erected a plain 
two-story frame building — scarcely more than a 
commodious shanty — to which the State offices 
were removed in December, 1820. This building 



504 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



was burned, Dec. 9, 1833, and a brick structure 
erected in its place. Later, when tlie question of 
a second removal of the capital began to be agi- 
tated, the citizens of Vandalia assumed the risk 
of erecting a new, brick State House, costing 
§16,000. Of tliis amount §6,000 was reimbursed 
by the Governor from the contingent fund, and 
the balance (§10,000) was appropriated in 1837, 
when the seat of government was removed to 
Springfield, by vote of the Tenth General Assem- 
bly on the fourth ballot. The other places receiv- 
ing the principal vote at the time of the removal 
to Springfield, were Jacksonville, Vandalia, 
Peoria, Alton and Illiopolis — Springfield receiv- 
ing the largest vote at each ballot. The law 
removing the capital appropriated §.50,000 from 
the State Ti-easury, provided that a like amount 
should be raised by private subscription and 
guaranteed by bond, and that at least two acres 
of land should be donated as a site. Two State 
Houses have been erected at Springfield, the first 
cost of the present one (including furnishing) 
having been a little in excess of §4,000,000. 
Abraham Lincoln, who was a member of tlie 
Legislature from Sangamon Count)' at the time, 
was an influential factor in securing the removal 
of the ca])ital to Springfield. 

STATE DEBT. The State debt, which proved 
so formidable a burden upon the State of Illinois 
for a generation, and, for a part of that period, 
seriously checked its prosperity, was the direct 
outgrowth of the internal improvement scheme 
entered upon in 1837. (See Internal Imjirovemejit 
Policy. ) At the time this enterprise was under- 
taken the aggregate debt of the State was less 
than §400,000 — accumulated within the preceding 
six years. Two years later (1838) it had increased 
to over §0,500,000, while the total valuation of 
real and personal property, for the purposes of 
taxation, was less than §60,000,000, and the aggre- 
gate receipts of the State treasurj-, for the same 
year, amounted to less than §150,000. At the 
same time, the disbursements, for the support of 
the State Government alone, had grown to more 
than twice the receipts. This disparity continued 
until the declining credit of the State forced upon 
the managers of public affairs an involuntary 
economy, when the means could no longer be 
secured for more lavish expenditures. The first 
bonds issued at the inception of the internal 
improvement scheme sold at a premium of 5 per 
cent, but rapidly declined until they v.ere hawked 
in the markets of New York and London at a dis- 
count, in some cases falling into the hands of 
brokers who failed before completing their con- 



tracts, th\is causing a direct loss to the State. If 
the internal improvement scheme was ill-advised, 
the time chosen to carry it into effect was most 
unfortunate, as it came simultaneously with the 
panic of 1837, rendering the disaster all the more 
complete. Of the various works undertaken by 
the State, only the Illinois & Michigan Canal 
brought a return, all the others resulting in more 
or less complete loss. The internal improvement 
scheme was abandoned in 1839-40, but not until 
State bonds exceeding §13,000,000 had been 
issued. For two years longer the State struggled 
with its embarrassments, increased by the failure 
of the State Bank in February, 1842, and, by that 
of the Bank of Illinois at Shawneetown, a few 
mouths later, with the proceeds of more than two 
and a lialf millions of the State's bonds in their 
possession. Thus left without credit, or means 
even of pa3iug the accruing interest, there were 
those who regarded the State as hopelessly bank- 
rupt, and advocated repudiation as the only 
means of escape. Better counsels prevailed, how- 
ever; the Constitution of 1848 put the State on a 
basis of strict economy in the matter of salaries 
and general expenditures, with restrictions upon 
the Legislature in reference to incurring in- 
debtedness, while the beneficent "two-mill tax" 
gave assurance to its creditors that its debts 
would be paid. While the growth of the State, 
in wealth and population, had previously been 
checked bj- the fear of excessive taxation, it now 
entered upon a new career of prosperity, in spite 
of its burdens— its increase in population, be- 
tween 1850 and 1860, amounting to over 100 per 
cent. The movement of the State debt after 1840 
— when the internal improvement scheme was 
abandoned — cliieflj' by accretions of unpaid inter- 
est, has been estimated as follows: 1842, §15,- 
637,950; 1844, §14,633,969; 1840, §16,389,817; 1848, 
§16,601,795. It reached its maximum in 1853^- 
the first year of Governor Matteson's administra- 
tion — when it was officially reported at §10, 724,- 
177. At this time the work of extinguishment 
began, and was prosecuted under successive 
administrations, except during the war, when 
the vast expense incurred in sending troops to 
the field caused an increase. During Governor . 
Bissell's administration, the reduction amounted 
to over §3,000,000; during Oglesby"s, to over five 
and a quarter million, besides two and a quarter 
million paid on interest. In 1880 the debt had 
been reduced to §281,059.11, and, before the close 
of 1882, it had been entirely extinguished, except 
a balance of §18,500 in bonds, which, having been 
called in years previously and never presented for 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



505 



payment, arS supposed to have been lost. (See 
Mdcalixter and Stebhiiis Bondx. ) 

STATE GUAKDIAXS FOR GIRLS, a bureau 
organized for the care of female juvenile delin- 
quents, by act of June 3, ISOli. The Board consists 
of seven members, nominated by the E.\ecutive 
and confirmed by the Senate, and who consti- 
tute a body politic; and corporate. Not more than 
two of the memV)ers may reside in the same Con- 
gressional District and, of the seven members, 
four must be women. (See also Home for Female 
Juvenile Offenders.) The term of ofBce is six 
years. 

STATE HOUSE, located at Springfield. Its 
construction was begun under an act passed by 
the Legislature in February, 18G7, and completed 
in 1887. It stands in a park of about eight acres, 
donated to the State by the citizens of Spring- 
field. A provision of the State Constitution of 
1870 prohibited the expenditure of any sum in 
excess of .?3,,')00,000 in the erection and furnishing 
of the Vniilding, without previous approval of such 
additional expenditure by the people. This 
amount proving insufiicient, the Legislatui'e, at 
its session of 188,"i, passed an act making an addi- 
tional appropriation of §.531,712, which having 
been approved by popular vote at the general 
election of 188C, the e.xpenditure was made and 
the capitol completed during the following year, 
thus raising the total cost of construction and fur- 
nishing to a little in excess of §4,000,000. The 
building is cruciform as to its ground plan, and 
classic in its style of architecture ; its extreme 
dimensions (inchiding porticoes), from north Jto 
south, being 379 feet, and, from east to west, 286 
feet. The walls are of dressed Joliet limestone, 
wliile the porticoes, which are .spacious and 
lofty, are of sandstone, supported by jwlished 
columns of gray granite. The three stories of 
the building are surmounted by a Mansard roof, 
with two turrets and a central dome of stately 
dimensions. Its extreme height, to the top of 
the iron flag-staff, which rises from a lantern 
springing from the dome, is 3(54 feet. 

STATE NORMAL IMVERSITY, an institu 
tion for the education of teachers, organized 
under an act of the General Assembly, pa.s.sed 
Feb. 18, 18.';7. This act placed the work of 
organization in the hands of a board of fifteen 
persons, which was styled "The Board of Educa- 
tion of the State of Illinois," and was constituted 
as follows: C. B. Denio of Jo Davie.ss County: 
.Simeon Wright of Lee; Daniel AVilkins of Mc- 
Lean : Charles E. Hovey of Peoria : George P. Rex 
of Pike; Samuel W. Moulton of Shelby; John 



Gillespie of Jasper; George Bun.sen of St. Clair,- 
Wesley Sloan of Pope; Ninian W. Edwards ot 
Sangamon; John R. Eden of Moultrie; Flavel 
Moseley and William Wells of Cook; Albert R. 
Shannon of White; and the Superintendent oV 
Public Instruction, ex-officio. The object of the 
University, as delined in the organizing law, is 
to qualify teachers for the public schools of the 
State, and the course of instruction to be given 
embraces "the art of teaching, and all branches 
which pertain to a common-school education : in 
the elements of the natural sciences, including 
agricultural chemistry, animal and vegetable 
physiologj' ; in the fundamental laws of the 
United States and of the State of Illinois in 
regard to the rights and duties of citizens, and 
such other studies as the Board of Education may, 
from time to time, prescribe." Various cities 
competed for the location of the institution, 
Bloomington being finally selected, its bid, in- 
cluding 160 acres of land, being estimated as 
equivalent to §141,72.5. The corner-stone was 
laid on September 29, 18.57, and the first building 
was ready for permanent occupancy in Septem- 
ber, 1860. Previously, however, it had been 
.sufficiently advanced to permit of its being used, 
and the first commencement exercises were held 
on June 29 of the latter j'ear. Three years 
earlier, the academic department had been organ- 
ized under the charge of Charles E. Hovey. The 
first cost, including furniture, etc., was not far 
from §200,000. Gratuitous instruction is given to' 
two pupils from each county, and to three from 
each Senatorial District. The departments are ; 
Grammar school, high school, normal department 
and model school, all of which are overcrowded. 
The whole number of students in attendance on 
the institution during the school year, 1807-98, 
was 1,197, of whom 891 were in the normal 
department and 306 in the practice school depart- 
ment, including representatives from 86 coun- 
ties of the State, with a few pupils from other 
States on the payment of tuition. The teaching 
faculty (including the President and Librarian) 
for the same year, was made up of twenty-six 
members — twelve ladies and fourteen gentlemen. 
The expenditures for the year 1897-98 aggregated 
§47,626.92, against §66,.528.69 for 1896-97. Nearly 
§22,000 of the amount expended during the latter 
year was on account of the construction of a 
gymnasium building. 

STATE PROPERTY. The United States Cen- 
sus of 1890 giive the value of real and personal 
property belonging to the State as follows: Pub- 
lic lands, §328,000; buildings, §22,164,000; mis- 



506 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



cellaneous property, §3,650,000— total, S2o,142,000. 
The land may be subdivided thus : Camp-grounds 
of the Illinois National Guard near Springfield 
(donated), .?40,000; Illinois and Michigan Canal. 
$168,000; Illinois University lands, in Illinois 
(donated by the General Government), §41,000, in 
Minnesota (similarly donated), S79,000. The 
buildings comprise tho.se connected with the 
charitable, penal and educational institutions of 
the State, besides the State Arsenal, two build- 
ings for the use of the Appellate Courts (at 
Ottawa and Movmt Vernon), the State House, 
the Executive Mansion, and locks and dams 
erected at Henry and Copperas Creek. Of the 
miscellaneous property, 8120,000 represents the 
equipment of the Illinois National Guard ; §1,9.59,- 
000 the value of the movable property of public 
buildings; §.5.50,000 the endowment fund of the 
University of Illinois; and §21,000 the movable 
property of the Illinois & Jlichigan Canal. The 
figures given relative to the value of the public 
buildings include only the first ai^propriations 
for their erection. Considerable sums have 
since been expended upon some of them in repairs, 
enlargements and improvements. 

STATE TREASURERS. The only Treasurer 
of Illinois during the Territorial period was John 
Thomas, who served from 1813 to 1818, and 
became the first incumbent under the State 
Government. Under the Constitution of 1818 
the Treasurer was elected, biennially, by joint vote 
of the two Houses of the General Assembly ; by 
the Constitution of 1848, this officer was made 
elective by the people for the same period, with- 
out limitations as to number of terms ; under the 
Constitution of 1870. the manner of election and 
duration of term are unchanged, but the incum- 
bent is ineligible to re-election, for two years 
from expiration of the term for which he may 
have been chosen. The following is a list of the 
State Treasurers, from the date of the admission 
of the State into the Union down to the present 
time (1899), with the date and duration of the 
term of each: John Thomas, 1818-19; Robert K. 
McLaughlin, 1819-33; Abner Field, 1823-27: 
James Hall, 1827-31; John Dement, 1831-36; 
Charles Gregory, 1836-37; John D. Whiteside, 
1837-41; Milton Carpenter, 1841-48; John Moore, 
1848-57; James Miller, 1857-59; William Butler, 
1859-63; Alexander Starne, 1863-65; James H. 
Beveridge, 1865-67; George W. Smith, 1867-69; 
Erastus N. Bates, 1869-73; Edward Rutz, 1873-75; 
Thomas S. Ridgway, 1875-77; Edward Rutz, 
1877-79; John C. Smith. 1879-81; Edward Rutz, 
1881-83; John C. Smith, 1883-85; Jacob Gross, 



1885-87; John R. Tanner, 1887-89; Charles 
Becker, 1889-91; Edward S. Wilson, 1891-93; 
Rufus N. Ram.say. 1893-95; Henry Wulflf, 1895-97; 
Henry L. Hertz, 1897-99; Floyd K. Whittemore, 
1899- . 

STAUXTOX, a village in the southeast corner 
of Macoupin County, on the Chicago, Peoria & 
St. Louis and the Wabash Railways; is 36 miles 
northeast of St. Louis, and 14 miles southwest of 
Litchfield. Agriculture and coal-mining are the 
industries of the surrounding region. Staunton 
has two banks, eight churches and a weekly 
newspaper. Population (1.880), 1,3.58; (1890), 2,209; 
(1900), 3,786. 

STEEL PRODUCTIOX. In the manufacture 
of steel, Illinois has long ranked as the second 
State in the Union in the amount of its output, 
and, during the period between 1880 and 1890, 
the increase in production was 241 per cent. In 
1880 there were but six steel works in the State ; 
in 1890 these had increased to fourteen ; and the 
production of steel of all kinds (in tons of 2,000 
pounds) had risen from 254,569 tons to 868,250. 
Of the 3,. 837, 039 tons of Bessemer steel ingots, or 
direct castings, produced in the United States in 
1890, 22 per cent were turned out in Illinois, 
nearly all the steel produced in the State being 
made by that process. From the tonnage of 
ingots, as given above, Illinois produced 622,260 
pounds of .steel rails. — more than 30 per cent of 
the aggregate for the entire country. This fact 
is noteworthy, inasmuch as the competition in 
the manufacture of Bessemer steel rails, since 
1880, has been so great that many rail mills have 
converted their steel into forms other than i"ails, 
experience having proved their production to 
any considerable extent, during the past few 
years, unprofitable except in works favorably 
located for obtaining cheap raw material, or 
operated under the latest and most approved 
methods of manufacture. Open-hearth steel is 
no longer made in Illinois, but the manufacture 
of crucible steel is slightly increasing, the out- 
put in 1890 being 445 tons, as against 130 in 1880. 
For purposes requiring special grades of steel the 
product of the crucible process will be always 
in demand, but the high cost of manufactm-e 
prevents it, in a majority of instances, from 
successfully competing in price with the other 
processes mentioned. 

STEPHENSON, Benjamin, pioneer and early 
politician, came to Illinois from Kentucky in 
1809, and was appointed the first Sheriff of 
Randolph County by Governor Edwards under 
the Territorial Government; afterwards served 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



507 



as a Colonel of Illinois militia during the War of 
1812; represented Illinois Territory as Delegate 
in Congress, 1814-16, and, on his retirement from 
Congress, became Register of the Land Office at 
Edwardsville, finally dying at Edwardsville — Col. 
James W. (Steplienson). a son of the preceding, 
was a soldier during the Black Ilawk War, after- 
wards bec-ame a prominent politician in the north 
western part of tlie State, served as Register of 
the Land Office at Galena and, in 1838, received 
the Democratic nomination for Ciovernor, but 
withdrew before the election. 

STEPHENSON, (Dr.) Benjamin Franklin, 
physician and soldier, was born in Wayne 
County, 111., Oct. 30, 1822, and accompanied his 
parents, in 1823, to Sangamon County, wliere the 
family settled. His early educational advantages 
were meager, and he did not study his profession 
(medicine) until after reaching his majority, 
graduating from Rush Jledical College, Chicago, 
in 18.50. He began practice at Petersburg, but, 
in April, 1862, was mustered into the volunteer 
army as Surgeon of the Fourteenth Illinois 
Infantry. After a little over two years service lie 
was mustered out in June, 1864, when he took up 
bis residence in Springfield, and. for a year, was 
engaged in the drug business there. In 186.5 lie 
resumed professional practice. He lacked tenac- 
ity of purpose, however, was indifferent to money, 
and always willing to give his own services and 
orders for medicine to the poor. Hence, his prac- 
tice was not lucrative. He was one of the leaders 
in the organization of the Grand Army of the 
Republic (whicli see), in connection with wliicli 
he is most widely known; but his services in its 
cause failed to receive, during his lifetime, the 
recognition which they deserved, nor did the 
organiziition promptly flourish, as he had hoped. 
He finally returned with his family to Peters- 
burg. Died, at Rock Creek, Menard, County, 111., 
August 30. 1871. 

STEPHENSON COl'NTY, a northwestern 
county, with an area of .560 square miles. The 
soil is rich, productive and well timbered. Fruit- 
culture and stock-raising arc among the cliief 
industries. Xot until 1827 did the aborigines quit 
the locality, and the county was organized, ten 
years later, and named for Gen. Benjamin 
Stephenson. A man named Kirker, who had 
been in the employment of Colonel Gratiot as a 
lead-miner, near Galena, is said to have built the 
first cabin within the present limits of what was 
called Burr Oak Grove, and set himself up as an 
Indian-trader in 1826, but only remaineil a short 
time. He was followed, the next year, by Oliver 



W. Kellogg, who took Kirker's place, built a 
more pretentious dwelling and became the first 
permanent settler. Later came William Wad- 
dams, the Montagues, Baker, Kilpatrick, Preston, 
the Goddards. an<l others whose names are linked 
with the countys early history. Tlie first house 
in Freeport was built by William Baker. Organi- 
zation was effected in 1837. the total poll being 
eighty-four votes. The earliest teacher was Nel- 
son Martin, who is said to have tauglit a school 
of some twelve pupils, in a house w liich stood on 
the site of the present city of Freeport. Popula- 
tion (1880), 81,963; (1890), 31,338; (1900), 34,933. 

STERLING, a flourishing city on the north 
bank of Rock River, in Whiteside County, 109 
miles west of Chicago, 29 miles east of Clinton, 
Iowa, and .52 miles eastnortlieast of Rock Island. 
It has ample railway facilities, furnished by the 
Chicago, Burlington & Quincj-, the Sterling & 
Peoria, and the Chicago & Northwestern Rail- 
roads. It contains fourteen churches, an opera 
house, high and grade schools, Carnegie library. 
Government postoffice building, three banks, 
electric street and interurban car lines, electric 
and gas lighting, water-works, paved streets and 
sidewalks, fire department and four newspaper 
offices, two issuing daily editions. It has fine 
water-jxiwer, and is an important manufacturing 
center, its works turning out agricultural imple- 
ments, carriages, paper, barbed-wire, school furni- 
ture, burial caskets, pumps, sash, doors, etc. It 
also has the Sterling Iron Works, besides foundries 
and machine shops. The river here flows through 
charming scenery. Pop. (1890), .5,824; (1900). 6,309. 

STEA'ENS, Bradford 11., e.\ -Congressman, was 
born at Boscawen (afterwards AVebster), N. U., 
Jan. 3. 1813. After attending scliools in New 
Hampshire and at Montreal, he entered Dart- 
mouth College, graduating therefrom in 1835. 
During the six years following, he devoted him- 
self to teaching, at Hopkinsville. Ky., and New 
York City. In 1843 he removed to Bureau 
County, 111., where he became a merchant and 
farmer. In 1868 lie was chairman of the Board 
of Supervisors, and. in 1870, was elected to Con- 
gress, as an Independent Democrat, for the Fifth 
District. 

STEVENSON, Adlal E., ex-Vice-President of 
the United States, was born in Christian County, 
Ky., Oct. 23, 183.5. In 1852 he removed with his 
parents to Bloomington, McLean County, 111., 
where the family settled; was educated at the 
Illinois Wesleyan L^niversity and at Centre Col- 
lege, Ky., was admitted to the bar in 18.58 and 
began practice at Metamora, Woodford County, 



508 



niSTOEICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



where he was Master in Chancery, 1861-65, and 
State's Attorney, 1865-69. In 1864 he was candi- 
date for Presidential Elector on the Democratic 
ticket. In 1869 he returned to Bloomington, 
where he has since resided. In 1874, and again 
in 1876, he was an unsuccessful candidate of his 
party for Congress, but was elected as a Green- 
back Democrat in 1878, though defeated in 1880 
and 1883. In 1877 he was appointed by President 
Hayes a member of the Board of Visitors to 
West Point. During the first administration of 
President Cleveland (1885-89) he was First Assist- 
ant Postmaster General; was a member of the 
National Democratic Conventions of 1884 and 
1892, being Chairman of the Illinois delegation 
the latter year. In 1893 he received his party's 
nomination for the Vice-Presidencj', and was 
elected to that office, serving until 1897. Since 
retiring from office he has resumed his residence 
at Bloomington. 

STEWARD, Lewis, manufacturer and former 
Congressman, was born in Wayne County, Pa., 
Nov. 20, 1824, and received a common school 
education. At the age of 14 he accompanied his 
parents to Kendall County, 111., where he after- 
wards resided, being engaged in farming and the 
manufacture of agricultural implements at 
Piano. He studied law but never practiced. In 
1876 he was an unsuccessful candidate for Gov- 
ernor on the Democratic ticket, being defeated 
by Shelby M. CuUom. In 1890 the Democrats of 
the Eighth Illinois District elected him to Con- 
gress. In 1893 he was again a candidate, but was 
defeated by his Republican opponent, Robert A. 
Childs, by the narrow margin of 27 votes, and. 
In 1894, was again defeated, this time being ])itted 
against Albert J. Hopkins. Mr. Steward died at 
his home at Piano, August 26, 1896. 

STEWARDSON, a town of Shelby County, at 
the intersection of the Toledo, St. Louis & Kan- 
sas City Railway with the Altamont brancli of 
the Wabash, 12 miles southeast of Shelby ville; 
is in a grain and lumber region ; has a bank and 
a weekly paper. Population, (1900), 077. 

STICKNEY, William H., pioneer lawyer, was 
born in Baltimore, Md., Nov. 9, 1809, studied law 
and was admitted to the bar at Cincinnati in 
1831, and, in Illinois in 1834, being at that time a 
resident of Shawneetown; was elected State's 
Attorney by the Legislature, in 1839, for the cir- 
cuit embracing some fourteen counties in the 
southern and southeastern part of the State ; for 
a time also, about 1835-3G, officiated as editor of 
"The Gallatin Democrat," and "The Illinois 
Advertiser," published at Shawneetown. In 1846 



Mr. Stickney was elected to the lower branch of 
the General Assembly from Gallatin County, and, 
twenty-eight years later — having come to Chi- 
cago in 1848 — to the same body from Cook 
County, serving in the somewhat famous Twenty- 
ninth Assembly. He also held the office of 
Police Justice for some thirteen j'ears, from 1860 
onward. He lived to an advanced age, dying in 
Chicago, Feb. 14, 1898, being at the time the 
oldest surviving member of the Chicago bar. 

STILES, Isaac Newton, lawyer and soldier, 
born at Suffield, Conn., July 16, 1833; was ad- 
mitted to the bar at Lafayette, Ind., in 1855, 
became Prosecuting Attorney, a member of the 
Legislature and an effective speaker in the Fre- 
mont campaign of 1856 ; enlisted as a private sol- 
dier at the beginning of the war, went to the 
field as Adjutant, was captured at Malvern Hill, 
and, after six weeks' confinement in Libby 
prison, exchanged and returned to duty; was 
promoted Major, Lieutenant-Colonel and Colonel, 
and brevetted Brigadier-General for meritorious 
service. After the war he practiced his profes- 
sion in Chicago, though almost totally blind. 
Died, Jan. 18, 1895. 

STILLMAJf, Stephen, first State Senator from 
Sangamon County, 111., was a native of Massachu- 
setts who came, with his widowed mother, to 
Sangamon County in 1820, and settled near 
Williamsville, where he became the first Post- 
master in the first postoffice in the State north of 
the Sangamon River. In 1822, Mr. Stillman was 
elected as the first State Senator from Sangamon 
County, serving four years, and. at his first session, 
being one of the opponents of the pro-slavery 
Convention resolution. He died, in Peoria, some- 
where between 1835 and 1840. 

STILLMAN VALLEY, village in Ogle County, 
on Chicago Great Western and the Chicago, Mil- 
waukee & St. Paul Railways; site of first battle 
Black Hawk War; has graded schools, four 
churches, a bank and a newspaper. Pop. , 475. 

STITES, Samuel, pioneer, was born near 
Mount Bethel, Somerset Coimty, N. J., Oct. 31, 
177G; died, August 16, 1839, on his farm, which 
subsequently became the site of the city of Tren- 
ton, in Clinton County, 111. He was descended 
from John Stites, M.D., who was born in Eng- 
land in 1595, emigrated to America, and died at 
Hempstead, L. I., in 1717, at the age of 122 years. 
The family removed to New Jersey in the latter 
part of the seventeenth century. Samuel was a 
cousin of Benjamin Stites, the first white man to 
settle within the present limits of Cincinnati, and 
various members of the family were prominent in 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



509 



the settlement of tlie upper Ohio Valley as early 
as 1788. Samuel Stites married, Sept. 14, 1794, 
Martha Martin, daughter of Ephraim Martin, 
and granddaughter of Col. Epliraini Martin, both 
soldiers of the Xew Jersey lino during the Revo- 
lutionary War — with the last named of whom 
he had (in connection with John ClevesSymmes) 
been intimately associated in the purchase and 
settlement of the Miami Valley. In 1800 he 
removed to Hamilton Count}', Ohio, in 1803 to 
Greene County, and, in 1818, in company with his 
son-in-law. Anthony Wayne Cas;»d. to St. Clair 
County, 111., settling near Union Grove. Later, he 
removed to O'Fallou, and, still later, to Clinton 
County. He left a large family, several members 
of which became prominent pioneers in the 
movements toward Minnesota and Kansas. 

STOLBRAND, Carlos John Mueller, soldier, 
was Ixirn in Sweden, May 11, 1831; at the age of 
18, enli.sted in the Royal Artillery of his native 
land, serving through the campaign of Schleswig- 
Holstein (1848) ; came to the United States soon 
after, and, m 1861, enlisted in the first battalion 
of Illinois Light Artillery, finally becoming Chief 
of Artillery under Gen. John A. Logan. When 
the latter became commander of the Fifteenth 
Army Corps. Col. Stolbrand was placed at the 
head of the artillery brigade; in February, 18(55, 
was made Brigadier-General, and mustered out 
in January, 18GG. After the war he went South, 
and was Secretary of the South Carolina Consti- 
tutional Convention of 1868. The same year he 
was ii delegate to the Republican National Con- 
vention at Chicago, and a Presidential Elector. 
He was an inventor and patented various im- 
provements in steam engines and boilers; was 
also Superintendent of Public Buildings at 
Charleston, S. C, under President Harrison. 
Died, at Charleston, Feb. 3, 1894. 

STOXE, Daniel, early lawyer and legislator, 
was a native of Vermont and graduate of Middle- 
bury College; became a member of the Spring- 
field (111.) bar in 1833, and, in 1836, was elected 
to the General Assembly — being one of the cele- 
brated "Ijong Nine" from Sangamon County, and 
joining Abraham Lincoln in his protest against 
a series of pro-slaverj- resolutions wliich had been 
adopted by the House. In 1837 he was a Circuit 
Court Judge and, being assigned to the north- 
western p;irt of the State, removed to Galena, 
but was legislated out of office, when he left the 
State, dj-ing a few years later, in Essex County, 
N. J. 

STONE, Horatio 0., pioneer, was born in 
Ontario (now Monroe) County, N. Y., Jan. 2, 



1811 ; in boyhood learned the trade of shoemaker, 
and later acted as overseer of laborers on the 
Lackawanna Canal. In 1831, having located in 
Wayne Count}', Mich., he was drafted for the 
Black Hawk War, serving twenty-two days under 
Gen. Jacob Brown. In January, 1835, he came 
to Chicago and, liaving made a fortunate specu- 
lation in real estate in that early day, a few 
months later entered upon the grocery and pro- 
vision trade, which he afterwards extended to 
grain; finally giving his chief attention to real 
estate, in which he was remarkably successful, 
leaving a large fortune at his death, which 
occurred in Chicago, June 20, 1877. 

STONE, (Rev.) Luther, Baptist clergyman, 
was born in the town of Oxford, Worcester 
County, Mass., Sept. 26, 1815, and spent his boy- 
hood on a farm. After at'quiring a common 
school education, he jjrepared for college at Lei- 
cester Academy, and, in 1835, entered Brown 
University, graduating in the class of 1839. He 
then spent three years at the Theological Insti- 
tute at Newton, Mass. ; was ordained to the 
ministry at Oxford, in 1843, but, coming west the 
next year, entered upon evangelical work in 
Rock Island, Davenport, Burlington and neigh- 
boring towns. Later, he was pastor of the First 
Baptist Church at Rockford, 111. In 1847 Mr. 
Stone came to Chicago and established "The 
Watchman of the Prairies," which survives to- 
day under the name of "The Standard," and has 
become the leading Baptist organ in the West. 
After six years of editorial work, he took up 
evangelistic work in Chicago, among the poor 
and criminal classes. During the Civil War he 
conducted religiou.s services at Camp Douglas, 
Soldiers' Rest and the Marine Hospital. lie was 
a.ssociated in the conduct and promotion of many 
educational and charitable institutions. He did 
mucli for the First Baptist Church of Chicago, 
and, during the latter years of his life, was 
attached to the Immanuel Baptist Church, 
which he labored to establish. Died, in July, 
1890. 

STONE, Melville E., journalist, banker, Man- 
ager ot Associated Press, born at Hudson, 111., 
August 18, 1848. Coming to Chicago in 1860, he 
graduated from the local liigh school in 1867, 
and, in 1870, accjuired the sole proprietorship of 
a foundry and machine shop. Finding himself 
without re.sources after the greiit fire of 1871, he 
embarked in journalism, rising, through the suc- 
cessive grades of reporter, city editor, assistant 
editor and Washington correspondent, to the 
position of editor-in-chief of liis own journal. 



510 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



He was connected with various Chicago dailies 
between 1871 and 1875. and. on Cliristmas Day 
of the latter year, issued tlie first number of "The 
Chicago Daily News." He giadually disposed of 
his interest in this journal, entirely severing 
his connection therewith in 1888. Since that 
date he lias been engaged in banking in the city 
of Chicago, and is also General Manager of the 
Associated Press. 

STONE, Saumel, philanthropist, was born at 
Chesterfield, Mass., Dec. 6, 1798; left an orphan 
at seven years of age, after a sliort term in Lei- 
cester Academy, and several years in a wholesale 
store in Boston, at the age of 19 removed to 
Rochester, N. Y., to take charge of interests in 
the "Holland Purchase," belonging to his father's 
estate; in 1843-49, was a resident of ^Detroit and 
interested in some of the early railroad enter- 
prises centering there, but the latter year re- 
moved to Milwaukee, being there associated with 
Ezra Cornell in telegraph construction. In 1859 
he became a citizen of Chicago, where he was 
one of tlie founders of the Chicago Historical 
Society, and a liberal patron of many enterprises 
of a public and benevolent character. Died, May 
4, 1876. 

STONE FORT, a village in the counties of 
Saline and Williamson. It is situated on the Cairo 
Division of the Cleveland, Cincinnati, Chicago & 
St. Louis Railway, 57 miles northeast of Cairo. 
Population (1900), 479. 

STOREY, Wilbur F., journalist and news- 
paper publisher, was born at Salisbury, Vt. , Dec. 
19, 1819. He began to learn the printer's trade 
at 12, and, before he was 19, was part owner of a 
Democratic paper called "The Herald," published 
at La Porte, Ind. Later, he either edited or con- 
trolled journals published at Mishawaka, Ind., 
and Jackson and Detroit, Mich. In January, 
1861, he became the principal owner of "The 
Chicago Times," then the leading Democratic 
organ of Chicago. His paper soon came to be 
regarded as the organ of the anti-war party 
throvighout the Northwest, and, in June, 1863, 
was suppressed by a military order issued by 
General Burnside, which was subsequently 
revoked by President Lincoln. The net result 
was an increase in "The Times' " notoriety and 
circulation. Other charges, of an equally grave 
nature, relating to its sources of income, its char- 
acter as a family newspaper, etc. , were repeatedly 
made, but to all these Mr. Storey turned a deaf 
ear. He lost heavily in the fire of 1871, but, in 
1872, appeared as the editor of "The Times," 
then destitute of political ties. About 1876 his 



health began to decline. Medical aid failed to 
afford relief, and, in August, 1884, he was ad- 
judged to be of unsound mind, and his estate was 
placed in the hands of a conservator. On the 
27th of the following October (1884), he died at 
his home in Chicago. 

STORRS, Emery Alexander, lawyer, was born 
at Hinsdale, Cattaraugus County, N. Y., August 
13, 1835; began the study of law with his father, 
later pursued a legal course at Buffalo, and, in 
1853, was admitted to the bar; spent two years 
(1857-59) in New York City, the latter year re- 
moving to Cliicago, where he attained great 
prominence as an advocate at the bar, as well as 
an orator on other occasions. Politically a 
Republican, he took an active part in Presidential 
campaigns, being a delegate-at-large from Illinois 
to the National Republican Conventions of 1868, 
'72, and '80, and serving as one of the Vice-Presi- 
dents in 1872. Erratic in habits and a master of 
epigram and repartee, many of his speeches are 
quoted with relish and appreciation by those who 
were his contemporaries at the Chicago bar. 
Died suddenly, while in attendance on the Su- 
preme Court at Ottawa, Se^it. 12, 1885. 

STRAWS, Jacob, agriculturist and stock- 
dealer, born in Somerset County, Pa., May 30, 
1800 ; removed to Licking County, Ohio, in 1817, 
and to Illinois, in 1831, settling four miles south- 
west of Jacksonville. He was one of the first to 
demonstrate the possibilities of Illinois as a live- 
stock state. Unpretentious and despising mere 
show, lie illustrated the virtues of industry, fru- 
gality and honesty. At his death — which occurred 
August 23, 1865 — he left an estate estimated in 
value at about $1,000,000, acquired by industry 
and business enterprise. He was a zealous 
Unionist during the war, at one time contributing 
§10,000 to tlie Christian Commission. 

STREATOR, a city (laid out in 1868 and incor- 
porated in 1882) in the southern part of La Salle 
County, 93 miles southwest of Chicago ; situated 
on the Vermilion River and a central point for 
five railroads. It is surrounded by a rich agri- 
cultural country, and is xinderlaid by coal seams 
(two of which are worked) and by shale and 
various clay products of value, adapted to the 
manufacture of fire and building-brick, drain- 
jiipe, etc. The city is thoroughly modern, having 
gas, electric lighting, street railways, water- 
works, a good fire-department, and a large, im- 
proved public park. Churches and schools are 
numerous, as are also fine public and private 
buildings. One of the chief industries is the 
manufacture of glass, including rolled-plate. 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



511 



window-glass, flint ami Bohemian ware and glass 
bottles. Other successful industries are foundries 
and machine shops, flour mills, and clay working 
estahlisluuents. There are several hanks, and 
three daily and weekly papers are ind)Uslied liere. 
The estinuited property valuatiim, in 1884, was 
§12.000.000. Streator boasts some liandsome 
public buildings, especially the (iovernment post- 
office and the Carnegie public libiary building, 
both of which liave been erected within the past 
few years. Pop. (1890), 11,414; (1900), 14,079. 

STREET, Joseph M., pioneer and early politi- 
cian, settled at Sliawneetown about 1812, coming 
from Kentucky, tliough believed to liave been a 
native of Eastern Virginia. In 1827 lie was a 
Brigadier-General of militia, and appears to have 
been prominent in the affairs of that section of 
the State. His correspondence with Governor 
Edwards, about this time, sliows him to have been 
a man of far more than ordinarv' education, with 
a good o[)iiiion of his merits and capabilities. He 
was a most i>ersistent applicant for office, making 
urgent appeals to Governor Edwards, Henry Clay 
and other politicians in Kentucky, Virginia and 
Washington, on the ground of his poverty and 
large family. In 1827 he received the offer of 
the clerkship of the new county of Peoria, but, 
on visiting that region, was disgusted with the 
prospect; returning to Sliawneetown, bought a 
farm in Sangamon County, but. before the close 
of the year, was appointeil Indian Agent at 
Prairie du Chien. This was during the difficul- 
ties with the Winnebago Indians, upon which he 
made voluminous reports to the Secretary of 
War. Mr. Street was a son-in law of Gen. 
Tliomas Posey, a Revolutionary soldier, who was 
prominent in the early history of Indiana and its 
last Territorial Governor. (See Posey, (Oen.) 
Thomas.) 

STREETER, Alson J., farmer and politician, 
was born in Rensselaer County, N. V.. in 1823; 
at the age of two years accompanied his father to 
Illinois, the famih' settling at Dixon. Lee County, 
He attended Knox College for three years, and, 
in 1849, went to California, where he spent two 
years in gold mining. Returning to Illinois, he 
purchased a farm of 240 acres near New Windsor, 
Mercer County, to whicli he has since added sev- 
eral thousand acres. In 1872 lie was elected to 
the lower liouse of the Twenty-eighth General 
Assembly as a Democrat, but, in 1873, allied him- 
self with the Greenback party, who.se candidate 
for Congress he was in 1878, and for Governor in 
1880, when he received nearly 3,000 votes more 
than his party's Presidential nominee, in Illinois. 



In 1884 he was elected State Senator by a coali- 
tion of Greenbackers and Democrats in the 
Twenty-fourth Senatorial District, but acted as 
an independent throughout his entire term. 

STRONG, William Emerson, soldier, was born 
at Granville. N. Y. in 1810; from 13 years of age, 
spent his early life in Wis(!onsin, studied law and 
was admitted to the bar at Riicine in 1861. The 
same year he enlisted under the first call for 
troops, took part, as Captain of a Wisconsin Com- 
pany, in the first battle of Bull Run; was 
afterwards promoted and assigned to duty as 
Inspector-General in tlie West, participated in 
the Vicksburg and Atlanta campaigns, being 
finally advanced to tlie rank of Brigadier-Gen- 
eral. After some fifteen months spent in the 
position of Inspector-General of the Freedmen's 
Bureau (1805-66), he located in Chicago, and 
became connected with several important busi- 
ness enterprises, besides assisting, as an officer on 
the staff of Governor CuUoni. in the organization 
of the Illinois National Guard. He was elected 
on tlie first Board of Directors of tlie World's 
Columbian Exposition, and. while making a tour 
of Europe in the interest of that enterprise, died, 
at Florence, Italy. April 10, 1891. 

STUART, John Todd, lawyer and Congress- 
man, born near Lexington, Ky., Nov. 10, 1807 — 
the son of Robert Stuart, a Presbyterian minister 
and Professor of Languages in Transylvania 
University, and related, on the maternal side, to 
the Todd family, of whom Mrs. Abraliain Lincoln 
was a member. He graduated at Centre College, 
Danville, in 1826, and, after studying law. re- 
moved to Springfield, 111., in 1828, and began 
practice. In 1832 he was elected Representative 
in the General Assembly, reelected in 1834, and, 
in 1836, defeated, as the Whig candidate for Con- 
gress, by Wm. L. May, though elected, two years 
later, over Stephen A. Douglas, and again in 1840. 
In 1837, Abraham Lincoln, who had been 
.studying law under Mr. Stuart's advice and 
instrui'tion, became his partner, the relation- 
ship continuing until 1841. He served in the 
State Senate, 1849-.'')3, was the Bell-Everett 
candidate for Governor in 1860, and wivs 
elected to Congress, as a Democrat, for a third 
time, in 1862, but, in 1864. was defeated by 
Shelby M. Cullom, his former pupil. During the 
latter years of his life. Mr. Stuart was head of the 
law firm of Stuart. Edwards & Brown. Died, at 
Springtield. Nov. 28. 188.'>. 

STURGES, Solomon, merchant and banker, 
was bom at Fairfield, Conn., April 21, 1796, early 
manifested a passion for the sea and, in 1810, 



512 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOrEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



made a voyage, on a vessel of which his brother 
was captain, from New York to Georgetown, 
D. C, intending to continue it to Lisbon. At 
Georgetown he was induced to accept a position 
as clerk with a Mr. Williams, where he was 
associated with two other youths, as fellow-em- 
ployes, who became eminent bankers and 
capitalists— W. W. Corcoran, afterwards the 
well-known banker of Washington, and George 
W. Peabody, who had a successful banking career 
in England, and won a name as one of the most 
liberal and public-spirited of pliilanthropists. 
During the War of 1813 young Sturges joined a 
volunteer infantry company, where he had, for 
comrades, George W. Peabody and Francis S. Key, 
tlie latter author of the popular national song, 
"The Star Spangled Banner." In 1814 Mr. 
Sturges accepted a clerkship in the store of his 
brother-in-law, Ebenezer Buckingham, at Put- 
nam, Muskingum County, Ohio, two years later 
becoming a partner in the concern, where he 
developed that business capacity which laid the 
foundation for his future wealth. Before steam- 
ers navigated the waters of the Ohio and Missis- 
sippi Rivers, he piloted flat-boats, loaded with 
produce and merchandise, to New Orleans, return- 
ing overland. During one of his visits to that 
city, he witnessed the arrival of the "Washing- 
ton," the first steamer to descend the Mississippi, 
as, in 1817, he saw the arrival of the "Walk-in- 
the- Water" at Detroit, the first steamer to arrive 
from Buffalo— the occasion of his visit to Detroit 
being to carry funds to General Cass to pay oflf 
the United States troops. About 1849 he was 
associated with the construction of the Wabash 
& Erie Canal, from the Ohio River to Terre Haute, 
Ind., advancing money for the prosecution of tlie 
work, for which was reimbursed by the State. In 
1854 he came to Chicago, and, in partnership 
with his brothers-in-law, C. P. and Alvah Buck- 
ingham, erected the first large grain-elevator in 
that city, on land leased from the Illinois Central 
Railroad Company, following it, two years later, 
by another of equal capacity. For a time, sub- 
stantially all the grain coming into Chicago, bj' 
railroad, passed into these elevators. In 1857 he 
established the private banking house of Solomon 
Sturges & Sons, which, shortly after his death, 
under the management of his son, George Stur- 
ges, became the Northwestern National Bank of 
Chicago. He was intensely patriotic and, on the 
breaking out of the War of the Rebellion, used 
of his means freely in support of the Govern- 
ment, equipping the Sturges Rifles, an independ- 
ent company, at a cost of §20,000. He was also a 



subscriber to the first loan made by the Govern- 
ment, during this period, taking §100,000 in 
Government bonds. While devoted to his busi- 
ness, he was a hater of shams and corruption, and 
contributed freely to Christian and benevolent 
enterprises. Died, at the home of a daughter, at 
Zanesville, Ohio, Oct. 14, 1864, leaving a large 
fortune acquired by legitimate trade. 

STURTETANT, Julian Munson, D.D., LL.D., 
clergyman and educator, was born at Warren, 
Litchfield County, Conn., July 26, 1805; spent his 
youth in Summit County, Ohio, meanwliile pre- 
paring for college ; in 1823, entered Yale College 
as the classmate of the celebrated Elizur Wright, 
graduating in 1826. After two years as Princi- 
pal of an academy at Canaan, Conn., he entered 
Yale Divinity School, graduating there in 1839; 
tlieu came west, and, after .spending a year in 
superintending the erection of buildings, in De- 
cember, 1830, as sole tutor, began instruction to a, 
class of nine pupils in what is now Illinois Col- 
lege, at Jacksonville. Having been joined, the 
following year, by Dr. Edward Beeclier as Presi- 
dent, Mr. Sturtevant assumed the chair of Mathe- 
matics, Natural Philosophy and Astronomy, 
wliicli he retained until 1844, when, by the 
retirement of Dr. Beecher, he succeeded to the 
offices of President and Professor of Intellectual 
and Moral Philosophy. Here he labored, inces- 
santly and unselfishly, as a teacher during term 
time, and, as financial agent during vacations, 
in the interest of the institution of which he had 
been one of the chief founders, serving until 1876, 
when he resigned the Presidency, giving his 
attention, for the next ten j-ears, to the duties of 
Professor of Mental Science and Science of Gov- 
ernment, which he had discharged from 1870. 
In 1886 he retired from the institution entirely, 
having given to its service fifty-six years of his 
life. In 1863, Dr. Sturtevant visited Europe in 
the interest of the Union cause, delivering effec- 
tive addresses at a nmnber of points in England. 
He was a frequent contributor to the weekly 
religious and periodical press, and was the author 
of "Economics, or the Science of Wealth" (1876) 
— a text- book on political economy, and "Keys 
of Sect, or the Church of the New Testament" 
(1879), besides frequently occupying the pulpits 
of local and distant churches — having been early 
ordained a Congregational minister. He received 
the degree of D.D. from the University of Mis- 
souri and that of LL.D. from Iowa University. 
Died, in Jacksonville, Feb. 11, 1886.— Julian M. 
(Sturtevant), Jr., son of the preceding, was born 
at Jacksonville, III.. Feb. 2, 1834; fitted for col- 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLIXOIS. 



513 



lege in the preparatory department of Illinois 
College and grailuated from the college (proper) 
iu 1854. After leaving college he served as 
teacher in the Jacksonville public schools ono 
year, then spent a year as tutor in Illinois Col- 
lege, when ho began the study of theology at 
Andover Theological Seminary, graduating there 
in 1859, meanwhile having discharged the duties 
of Chaplain of the Connecticut State's prison in 
1858, He was ordained a minister of the Con- 
gregational Church at Hannibal, Mo., in 180U, 
remaining as pastor in that citj' nine years. He 
has since been engaged in pastoral work in New 
York City (18G9-70), Ottawa, 111., (1870-73); Den- 
ver, Colo., (1873-77); Grinnell, Iowa, (1877-84); 
Cleveland, Ohio, (1884-00); Galesburg, 111., 
(1890-93), and Aurora, (1893-97). Since leaving 
the Congregational church at Aurora, Dr. Sturte- 
vant has been engaged in pastoral work in Clii- 
cago. He was also editor of "The Congroga- 
tionalist" of Iowa (1881-84), and, at different 
periods, has served as Trustee of Colorado, 
Marietta and Knox Colleges; being still an 
honored member of the Knox College Board. 
He received the degi'ee of D.D from Illinois 
College, in 1879. 

SUBLETTE, a station and viUage on the Illi- 
nois Central liiiilroad, in Lee County, 8 miles 
northwest of Mendota. Population, (1900), 300. 

SUFFRAGE, in general, the right or privilege 
of voting. The qualifications of electors (or 
Voters), in the choice of public officers in Illinois, 
are fixed by the State Constitution (Art. VII.), 
except as to school officers, which are prescribed 
by law. Under the State Constitution the exer- 
cise of the right to vote is limited to persons who 
were electors at the time of the adoption of the 
Constitution of 1848, or who are native or natu- 
ralized male citizens of the United States, of the 
age of 21 years or over, who have been residents 
of the State one year, of the county ninety days, 
and of the district (or precinct) in which they 
offer to vote, 30 days. Under an act passed in 
1891. women, of 21 years of age and upwards, are 
entitled to vote for school officers, and are also 
eligible to such offices under the same conditions, 
as to age and residence, as male citizens. (See 
Elections; Attstralian Ballot.) 

SULLIVAN, a city and county-seat of Moultrie 
County, 25 miles soutlieast of Decatur and 14 
miles northwest of Mattoon; is on three lines of 
railway. It is in an agricultural and stock-rais- 
ing region ; contains two State banks and four 
weekly newspapers. Population (1880), 1,305; 
(1890), 1,468; (1900), 2,399; (1900, est.), 3.100. 



SULLIVAN, Willinm K., journalist, was born 
at Waterford, Ireland, Nov. 10, 1843; educated at 
the Waterford Jlodel School and in Dublin , came 
to the United Stales iu 1803, and, after teaching 
for a time in Kane County, in 1864 enlisted in the 
One Hundred and Forty-first Regiment Illinois 
Volunteers. Then, after a brief season spent iu 
teaching and on a visit to his native land, he 
began work as a reporter on New York papers, 
later being employ(!d on "The Chicago Tribune" 
and "The Evening Journal," on the latter, at 
different times, holding the position of city edi- 
tor, managing editor and correspondent. He 
was also a Representative from Cook County in 
the Twenty-seventh General Assembly, for three 
years a member of the Chicago Board of Edu- 
cation, and appointed United States Consul to the 
Bermudas by President Harrison, resigning in 
1892. Died, in Chicago, January 17, 1899. 

SULLIVAXT, Michael Lucas, agriculturist, 
was born at Franklinton (a suburb of Columbus, 
Ohio), August 6, 1807; was educated at Ohio 
University and Centre College, Ky., and — after 
being engaged in the improvement of an immense 
tract of land inherited from his father near his 
birth-i^lace, devoting much attention, meanwhile, 
to the raising of improved stock — in 1854 sold his 
Oliio lands and bought 80,000 acres, chiefly in 
Champaign and Piatt Counties, 111., where he 
began farming on a larger scale than before. The 
enterprise proved a financial failure, and he wa-s 
finally compelled to sell a considerable portion of 
his estate in Champaign County, known as Broad 
Lands, to John T. Alexander (see Alej;ander, 
John T.), retiring to a farm of 40,000 acres at 
Burr Oaks, 111. He died, at Henderson, Ky., Jan. 
29, 1879. 

SUMMERFIELD, a village of St. Clair County, 
on the Baltimore & Ohio Southwestern Railwaj", 
27 miles east of St. Louis ; was the home of Gen. 
Fred. Ilecker. Population (1900), 360. 

SUMNEK, a city of Lawrence County, on the 
Baltimore & Ohio Southwestern Railroad, 19 miles 
west of Vincennes, Ind. ; has a fine school house, 
four churches, two banks, two flour mills, tele- 
phones, and one weekly newspaper. Pop. (1890), 
1,037; (1900), 1,268. 

SUPERIXTEXDEXTS OF PUBLIC INSTRUC- 
TION. The office of State Superintendent of 
Public Instruction was created by act of the 
Legislature, at a special session held in 1854, its 
duties previous to that time, from 1845, having 
been discharged by the Secretarj' of State as 
Superintendent, ex-officio. The following is a list 
of the incumbents from the date of the formal 



614 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



creation of the office down to the present time 
(1899), with the date and duration of the term of 
each Ninian W. Edwards (by appointment of 
the Governor), 185-t-57; William H. Powell (by 
election), 1857-59; Newton Bateman, 1859-63; 
John P. Brooks, 1863-65; Newton Bateman, 
1865-75; Samuel W. Etter, 18T5-T9; James P. 
Slade, 1879-83; Henry Raab, 1883-87; Richard 
Edwards, 1887-91; Henry Raab, 1891-95; Samuel 
M. Inglis, 1S95-98; James H. Freeman, June, 
1898, to January, 1899 (by appointment of the 
Governor, to fill the Tinexpired term of Prof. 
Inglis, wlio died in office, June 1, 1898) ; Alfred 
Baylis, 1899— 

Previous to 1870 the tenure of the office was 
two years, but, by the Constitution adopted that 
year, it was extended to four years, the elections 
occiuTing on the even years between those for 
Governor and other State officers except State 
Treasurer. 

.SUPREME COURT, JUDGES OF THE. The 
following is a list of Justices of the Supreme 
Court of Illinois who have held office since the 
organization of the State Government, with the 
period of their respective incumbencies: Joseph 
Phillips, 1818-23 (resigned); Thomas C. Browne, 
1818 48 (term expired on adoption of new Con- 
stitution); William P. Foster, Oct. 9, 1818, to 
July 7, 1819 (resigned), John Reynolds, 1818-2.T; 
Thomas Reynolds (vice Phillips), 1822-25; Wil- 
liam Wilson (vice Foster) 1819-48 (term expired 
on adoption of new Constitution) ; Samuel D 
Lockwood, 1825-48 (term expired on adoption of 
new Constitution) ; Theophilus W. Smith, 1825-42 
(resigned) ; Thomas Ford, Feb. 15, 1841, to Au- 
gu.st 1, 1842 (resigned) ; Sidney Breese, Feb. 15, 
1841, to Dec. 19, 1843 (resigned) — also (by re-elec- 
tions), 1857-78 (died in office) ; Walter B. Scates, 
1841-47 (resigned) — also (vice Trumbull), 1S54-57 
(resigned); Samuel H. Treat, 1841-55 (resigned); 
Stephen A. Douglas, 1841-43 (resigned); John D. 
Caton (vice Ford) August, 1843, to March, 1843— 
also (vice Robinson and by successive re-elec- 
tions). May, 1843 to January, 1864 (resigned) ; 
James Semple (vice Breese), Jan. 14, 1843, to 
April 16, 1843 (resigned) ; Richard M. Young (vice 
Smith), 1843-47 (resigned) ; John M. Robinson 
(vice Ford), Jan. 14, 1843, to April 27, 1843 (died 
in office); Jesse B. Thomas, Jr., (vice Douglas), 
1843-45 (resigned)— also (vice Young), 1847-48; 
James Shields (vice Semple), 1843-45 (resigned) ; 
Norman H. Purple (vice Thomas), 1843-48 (retired 
\mder Constitution of 1848) ; Gustavus Koerner 
(vice Shields), 1845-48 (retired by Constitution) ; 
William A. Denning (vice Scates), 1847-48 (re- 



tired by Constitution) ; Lyman Trumbull, 1848-53 
(resigned); Ozias C. Skinner (vice Treat), 1855-58 
(resigned); Pinkney H. Walker (vice Skinner), 
18.58-85 (deceased); Corydon Beckwith (by ap- 
pointment, vice Caton), Jan. 7, 1864, to June 6, 
1804; Cliarles B. Lawrence (one term), 1864-73; 
Anthony Thornton, 1870-73 (resigned); John M. 
Scott (two terms), 1870-88; Benjamin R. Sheldon 
(two terms), 1870-88; William K. McAlUster, 
1870-75 (resigned) ; John Scholfield (vice Thorn- 
ton), 1873 93 (died); T. Lyle Dickey (vice 
McAllister), 1875-85 (died); David J. Baker (ap- 
pointed, vice Breese), July 9, 1878, to June 2, 
1879— also, 1888-97; John H. Mulkey, 1879-88; 
Damon G. Tunnicliffe (appointed, vice Walker), 
Feb. 15. 1885, to June 1, 1885; Simeon P. Shope, 
1885-94 , Joseph M. Bailey, 1888-95 (died in office). 
The Supreme Court, as at present constituted 
(1899), is as follows: Carroll C. Boggs, elected, 
1897; Jesse J. Phillips (vice Scholfield, deceased) 
elected, 1893, and re-elected, 1897; Jacob W. Wil- 
kin, elected, 1888, and re-elected, 1897; Joseph 
N. Carter, elected, 1894; Alfred M. Craig, elec- 
ted, 1873, and re-elected, 1882 and '91; James H. 
Cartwriglit (vice Bailey), elected, 1895, and re- 
elected, 1897 ; Benjamin D. Magruder (vice 
Dickey), elected, 1885, '88 and '97. The terms of 
Justices Boggs, Phillips, Wilkin, Cartwriglit and 
Magruder expire in 1906; that of Justice Carter 
on 1903 ; and Justice Craig's, in 1900. Under the 
Constitution of 1818, the Ju.stices of the Supreme 
Court were chosen by joint ballot of the Legisla- 
ture, but, under the Constitutions of 1848 and 
1870, by popular vote for terms of nine years 
each. (See Judicial System; also sketches of 
individual members of the Supreme Court under 
their proper names.) 

SURVEYS, E.iRLYGOVERNMEXT. The first 
United States law passed on the subject of Gov- 
ernment surveys was dated. May 20, 1785. After 
reserving certain lands to be allotted by way of 
pensions and to be donated for school purposes, 
it provided for the division of the remaining pub- 
lic lands among the original thirteen States. 
This, however, was, in effect, repealed by the Ordi- 
nance of 1788. The latter provided for a rectan- 
gular system of surveys which, with but little 
modification, lias remained in force ever since. 
Briefl}' outlined, the system is as follows: Town- 
ships, six miles square, are laid out from principal 
bases, each townsbip containing thirty-six sec- 
tions of one square mile, numbered consecutively, 
the numeration to commence at the upper right 
hand corner of the township. The first principal 
meridian (84° 51' west of Greenwich), coincided 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



515 



with the line dividing Indiana and Ohio. The 
second (1° 37' farther west) had direct relation 
to surveys in Eastern Illinois. The tliird (89° 10' 
30" west of Greenwich) and the fourth (90° 29' 
56" west) governed the remainder of Illinois sur- 
veys. The first Public Surveyor was Tliomas 
Hutchins, who was called "the geographer," 
(See Hiitvhitis, Tliomas.) 

SWEET, (Gen.) Benjamin J., soldier, was 
born at Kirkland, Oneida County, X. Y., April 
24, 1832; came with his father, in 1848, to Sheboy- 
gan, Wis., studied law, was elected to tlie State 
Senate in 1859, and, in 1861, enlisted in the Sixth 
Wisconsin Volunteers, being commissioned Major 
in 1863. Later, he resigned and, returning home, 
assisted in the organization of the Twenty-first 
and Twenty-second regiments, being elected 
Colonel of the former; and with it taking part in 
the campaign in Western Kentucky and Tennes- 
see. In 1863 he was assigned to command at 
Camp Douglas, ami was there on tlie exposure, 
in November, 1864, of the conspiracy to release 
the rebel prisoners. (See Camp Douglas Conspir- 
acy.) The service which he rendered in the 
defeat of this bold and dangerous conspiracy 
evinced his courage and sagacity, and was of 
inestimable value to the country. After the 
war. General Sweet located at Lombard, near 
Chicago, was appointed Pension Agent at Chi- 
cago, afterwards served as Supervisor of Internal 
Revenue, and. in 1873, became Deputy Commis- 
sioner of Internal Revenue at Washington. Died, 
in Washington, Jan. 1, 1874. — Miss Ada C. 
(Sweet), for eight years (1874-82) the efficient 
Pension Agent at Chicago, is General Sweet's 
daughter. 

SWEETSER, A. C, soldier and Department 
Commander G. A. R., was born in Oxford County, 
Maine, in 1839; came to Bloomington, 111., in 
1857; enlisted at the beginning of the Civil War 
in the Eighth Illinois Volunteers and, later, in tlie 
Thirty-ninth; at the battle of Wierbottom 
Church, Va , in June, 1864, was shot through 
both legs, necessitating the amputation of one of 
them. After the war he held several offices of 
trust, including those of City Collector of Bloom- 
iuj^ton and Deputy Collector of Internal Revenue 
for the Springfield District ; in 1887 was elected 
Department Commander of the Grand Army of 
the Republic for Illinois. Died, at Bloomington, 
March 23, 1896. 

SWETT, Leonard, lawyer, was bom near 
Turner, Maine, Augu.st 11. 1825, was educated at 
Waterville College (now Colby Universit)'), but 
left before graduation ; read law in Portland, and, 



wliile seeking a location in the West, enlisted in 
an Indiana regiment for the Mexican War, being 
attacked by climatic fever, was discharged before 
completing his term of enlistment. He soon 
after came to Bloomington, 111., where he became 
tlie intimate frieml of Abraham Lincoln and 
David Davis, traveling the circuit with them for 
a number of jears. He early became active in 
State politics, was a member of tlie Republican 
State Convention of 1856, was elected to the 
lower house of the General Assembly in 1858, 
and, in 18G0, was a zealous supporter of Mr. Lin- 
coln as a Presidential Elector for the State-at- 
large. In 1863 he received the Republican 
nomination for Congress in his District, but was 
defeated. Removing to Chicago in 1S65, he 
gained increased distinction as a lawyer, espe- 
cially in the management of criniinal cases. In 
1873 he was a supporter of Horace Greelej- for 
President, but later returned to the Republican 
party, and, in the National Republican Conven- 
tion of 1888, presented the name of Judge 
Gresham for nomination for the Presidency. 
Died, June 8, 1889. 

SWIGEKT, Charles Philip, ex- Auditor of Pub- 
lic Accounts, was born in the Province of Baden, 
Germany, Nov. 27, 1843, brought by his parents 
to Chicago, 111., in childliood, and, in his boy- 
hood, attended the Scammon School in that city. 
In 1854 Ids family removed to a farm in Kanka- 
kee County, where, between the ages of 13 and 
18, lie assisted his father in "breaking"' between 
400 and 500 acres of prairie land. On the break- 
ing out of the war, in 1861, although scarcely 18 
years of age, he enlisted as a private in the Forty- 
second Illinois Volunteer Infantry, and, in April, 
1862, was one of twenty heroic volunteers who 
ran the blockade, on the gunboat Carondelet. at 
Island Xo. 10, assisting materially in the reduc- 
tion of that rebel strongliold, which resulted in 
the capture of 7,000 prisoners. At the battle of 
Farmington, Miss., during the siege of Corinth, 
in May, 1862, he had his right arm torn from its 
socket by a six-pound cannon-ball, comjielling his 
retirement from the army. Returning home, 
after many weeks spent in hospital at Jefferson 
Barracks and Quincy, 111., he received Ids final 
discharge. Dec. 21, 1863, spent a year in schcxil, 
also took a course in Bryant & Stratton's Com- 
mercial College in Chicago, and having learned 
to write with his left hand, taught for a time in 
Kankakee County ; ser\-ed as letter-carrier in Chi- 
cago, and for a year as Deputy County Clerk of 
Kankakee County, followed by two terms (1867- 
69) as a student in the Soldiers' College at Fulton. 



516 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILi^lNOIS. 



111. The latter year lie entered upon the duties 
of Treasurer of Kankakee County, serving, by 
successive re-elections, until 1880, when he re- 
signed to take the position of State Auditor, to 
which he was elected a second time in 1884. In 
all tliese positions Mr. Swigert has proved him- 
self an upright, capable and high-minded public 
official. Of late years his residence has been in 
Chicago. 

SWI>'(J, (Rev.) David, clergyman and jjulpit 
orator, was born of German ancestry, at Cincin- 
nati, Ohio, August 23, 1836. After 1837 (his 
father dying about this time), the family resided 
for a time at Reedsburgh, and, later, on a farm 
near Williamsburgh. in Clermont County, in the 
same State. In 18.j3, having graduated from the 
Miami (Ohio) University, he commenced the 
study of theology, but, in 1854, accepted the 
position of Professor of Languages in his Alma 
Mater, which he continued to fill for thirteen 
years. His first pastorate was in connection with 
the Westminster Presbyterian Church of Chi- 
cago, which he assumed in 1860. His church 
edifice was destroyed in the great Chicago fire, 
but was later rebuilt. As a preacher he was 
popular ; but, in April, 1874, he was placed on trial, 
before an ecclesiastical court of his own denomi- 
nation, on charges of heresy. He was acquitted 
by the trial court, but, before the appeal taken by 
the prosecution could be heard, he personally 
withdrew from affiliation with the denomination. 
Shortly afterward he became pastor of an inde- 
pendent religious organization known as the 
"Central Church," preaching, first at McVicker"s 
Theatre and, afterward, at Central Music Hall, 
Chicago. He was a fluent and popular speaker 
on all themes, a frequent and valued contributor 
to numerous magazines, as well as the author of 
several volumes. Among his best known books 
are "Motives of Life," "Truths for To-day," and 
"Club Essays." Died, in Chicago, Oct. 3, 1894. 
SYCAMORE, the county-seat of De Kalb 
Coimty (founded in 1836), 56 miles west of Chi- 
cago, at the intersection of the Chicago & North- 
western and the Chicago Great AVestern Rail- 
roads; lies in a region devoted to agriculture, 
dairying and stock-raising. The city itself con- 
tains several factories, the principal products 
being agricultural implements, flour, insulated 
wire, brick, tile, varnish, furniture, soap and 
carriages and wagons. There are also works for 
canning vegetables and fruit, besides two creamer- 
ies. The town is lighted by electricity, and has 
high-pressure water-works. There are eleven 
churches, three graded public schools and a 



young ladies" seminary. Population (1880), 
3,028; (1890), 2,987; (1900), 3,653. 

TAFT, Lorado, sculptor, was born at Elmwood, 
Peoria Coimty, 111, April 29, 1860; at an early 
age evinced a predilection for sculpture and 
began modeling; graduated at the University of 
Illinois in 1880, then went to Paris and studied 
sculpture in the famous Ecole des Beaux Arts 
until 1885. The following year lie settled in Chi 
cago, finally becoming associated with the Chi- 
cago Art Institute. He has been a lecturer on 
art in the Chicago University. Mr. Taft fur- 
nished the decorations of the Horticultural Build- 
ing on the World's Fair Grounds, in 1893. 

TALCOTT, Mancel, business man, was born 
in Rome, IST. Y., Oct. 12, 1817; attended the com- 
mon schools until 17 j'ears of age, when he set 
out for the West, traveling on foot from Detroit 
to Chicago, and thence to Park Ridge, where he 
worked at farming until 1850. Then, having 
followed the occupation of a miner for some time, 
in California, with some success, he united with 
Horace M. Singer in establishing the firm of 
Singer & Talcott, stone-dealers, which lasted dur- 
ing most of his life. He served as a member of 
the Chicago City Council, on the Board of County 
Commissioners, as a member of the Police Board, 
and was one of the founders of the First National 
Bank, and President, for several years, of the 
Stock Yards National Bank. Liberal and public- 
spirited, he contributed freely to works of 
charity. Died, June 5, 1878. 

TALCOTT, (Capt.) William, soldier of the 
War of 1812 and pioneer, was born in Gilead, 
Conn., March 6, 1774; emigrated to Rome, Oneida 
County, N. Y., in 1810, and engaged in farming; 
served as a Lieutenant in the Oneida County 
militia dm-ing the War of 1812-14, being .stationed 
at Sackett's Harbor mider the command of Gen. 
Winfield Scott. In 1835, in company with his 
eldest son, Thomas B. Talcott, he made an ex- 
tended tour through the West, finally selecting a 
location in Illinois at the junction of Rock River 
and the Pecatonica, where the town of Rockton 
now stands — there being only two white families, 
at that time, within the present limits of Winne- 
bago County. Two years later (1837), he brought 
his family to this point, with his sons took up a 
considerable body of Government land and 
erected two mills, to which customers came 
from a long distance. In 1838 Captain Talcott 
took part in the organization of the first Congre- 
gational Church in that section of the State. A 
zealous anti-slavery man, he supported James G. 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



517 



Birney (the Liberty canJidate for President) in 
1844, continuing to act with tliat i)arty until the 
organization of the Republican party in 1856; 
w;is deeply interested in the War for the Union, 
but die<i before its conclusion, Sept. 2, 1864. — 
Maj. Thomas B. (Talcott). oldest son of the pre- 
ceding, "as born at Ilebion, Conn , April 17, 
.806; was taken to Korae, N. Y., by his father in 
nfancy, and, after reaching maturity, engaged 
in mercantile business with Ids brother in Che- 
mung County ; in 18;io accompanied his father in 
a tour through the West, finally locating at 
Rockton, where lie engaged in agriculture. On 
the organization of Winnebago County, in 1836, 
he was elected one of tlie first County Commis- 
sioners, and, in 1850, to the State Senate, serving 
four years. He also held various local ofBces. 
Died, Sept. 30, 1894.— Hon. Wait (Talcott), second 
son of Capt. William Talcott, was born at He- 
bron, Conn., Oct. 17, 1807, and taken to Rome, 
N. Y., where he remained until his 19th year, 
when he engaged in business at Boone ville and, 
still later, in Utica; in 1838, removed to Illinois 
and joined his father at Rockton, finally 
becoming a citizen of Rockford, where, in his 
later ye;irs, he was extensively engaged in manu- 
facturing, liaving become, in 1854, with his 
brother Sylvester, a partner of the firm of J. H. 
Manny & Co., in tlie manufacture of the Manny 
reaper and mower. He was an original anti- 
slavery man and, at one time.a Free-Soil candidate 
for Congress, but became a zealous Republican- 
and ardent friend of Abraham Lincoln, whom ha 
employed as an attorney in the famous suit of 
McCorniick vs. the Manny Reaper Company for 
infringement of patent. In 18.54 he was elected 
to the State Senate, succeeding his brother, 
Thomas B.. and was the first Collector of Internal 
Revenue in the Second District, appointed by Mr. 
Lincoln in 18G2, and continuing in office some 
five years. Though too old for active service in 
the field, during the Civil War, he voluntarilj- 
hired a substitute to take his place. Mr. Talcott 
was one of the original incorporators and Trus- 
tees of Beloit College, and a founder of Rockford 
Female Seminary, remaining a trustee of each 
for many years. Died, June 7, 1890.— SylTcsler 
(Talcott), third son of William Talcott, bom at 
Rome, X. Y., Oct. 14, 1810; when of age, engaged 
in mercantile bu-siness in Chemung County; in 
1837 removed, with other members of the family, 
to Winnebago County, 111., where ho joined his 
father in the entry of Government lands and the 
erection of mills, as alreadj- detailed. He became 
one of the first Justices of the Peace in Wiune- 



bago County, also served as Supervisor for a 
number of years and, although a farmer, became 
interested, in 1854, with his brother Wait, 
in the Manny Reaper Company at Rockford. 
He also followed the example of his brother, 
just named, in furnishing a substitute for the 
War of the Rebellion, though too old for service 
himself Died, June 19, 1885.— Henry Walter 
(Talcott), fourth son of William Talcott. was 
born at Rome, N. Y., Feb. 13, 1814; came with 
his father to Winnebago County, 111., in 1835, and 
was connected with his father and brothers in busi- 
ness. Died, Dec. 9, 1870.— Dwight Lewis (Tal- 
cott), oldest son of Henry Walter Talcott, born 
in Winnebago County; at the age of 17 years 
enlisted at Belvidere, in January, 1864, as a soldier 
in the Ninth Illinois Volunteer Infantry; served 
as provost guard some two months at Fort Picker- 
ing, near Memphis, and Later took part in many 
of the important battles of that year in Missis- 
sippi and Tennessee. Having been captured at 
Campbellsville, Tenn., he was taken to Anderson- 
ville, Ga., where he suiTered all the horrors of 
that famous prison-pen, until Starch, 1865, when 
he was released, arriving at home a helpless 
skeleton, the day after Abraham Lincoln's assas- 
sination. Mr. Talcott subsequently settled in 
JIuscatine County, Iowa. 

TALLl'L.V, a prosperous village of Menard 
County, on the Jacksonville branch of the Chi- 
cago & Alton Railway, 24 miles northeast of 
Jacksonville; is in the midst of a grain, coal- 
mining, and stock-growing region; has a local 
bank and newspaper. Pop. (1890), 445 ; (1900), 639. 

T.VM.VRO.V,a village in Perry County, situated 
at the junction of the Illinois Central with the 
Wabash. Chester & Western Railroad, 8 miles 
north of Duquoin, and 57 miles east-southeast of 
Belleville. It has a bank, a newspaper office, a 
large public school, five churches and two flour- 
ing mills. Coal is mined here and exported in 
large quantities. Pop. (1900), 853. 

TAMARO.V k MOUNT VERNOX BAILRO.VD. 
(See IT'a;)r(.s-/i, Cluster & Western Railroad.) 

TAXXER, Edward Allen, clergyman and edu- 
cator, was born of New England ancestry, at 
Waverly, 111., Nov. 29. 1837— being the first child 
who could claim nativity there; was educated 
in the local schools and at Illinois College, 
graduating from the latter in 1857; spent four 
years teaching in his native place and at Jack- 
sonville; then accepted the Professorship of 
Latin in Pacific L"niversity at Portland. Oregon, 
remaining four years, wlien he returned to his 
Alma Mater (1865), assiiming there the chair of 



518 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



Latin and Rhetoric. In 1881 he was appointed 
financial agent of the latter institution, and. in 
1882, its President. While in Oregon he had 
been ordained a minister of the Congregational 
Church, and, for a considerable period during 
his connection with Illinois College, officiated as 
Chaplain of the Central Hospital for the Insane 
at Jacksonville, besides supplying local and 
other pulpits. He labored earnestly for the 
benefit of the institution under his charge, and, 
during his incumbency, added materially to its 
endowment and resources. Died, at Jackson- 
ville, Feb. 8, 1892. 

TANNER, John R., Governor, was born in 
Warrick County, Ind., April 4, 1844, and brought 
to Southern Illinois in boyhood, where he grew 
up on a farm in the vicinity of Carbondale, 
enjoying only such educational advantages as 
were afforded by the common school; in 1863, at 
the age of 19, enlisted in the Ninety-eightli Illi- 
nois Volunteers, serving until June, 1865, wlien 
he was transferred to the Sixty-first, and finally 
mustered out in September following. All the 
male members of Governor Tanner's family were 
soldiers of the late war, his father dying in a 
rebel prison at Cohunbus, Miss. , one of liis bro- 
thers suffering tlie same fate from wounds at Nash- 
ville, Tenn., and another brother dying in hospital 
at Pine Bluff, Ark. Only one of this patriotic 
family, besides Governor Tanner, still survives — 
Mr. J. M. Tanner of Clay County, who left the 
service with the rank of Lieutenant of the Thir- 
teenth Illinois Cavalry. Returning from the 
war, Mr. Tanner established himself in business 
as a farmer in Clay County, later engaging suc- 
cessfully in the milling and lumber business as 
the partner of his brother. The public positions 
held by him, since the war, include those of 
Sheriff of Clay County (1870-72), Clerk of the Cir- 
cuit Court (1873-76), and State Senator (1880-83). 
During the latter year lie received the appoint- 
ment of United States Marshal for the Southern 
District of Illinois, serving until after tlie acces- 
sion of President Cleveland in 188.5. In 1886, he 
was the Republican nominee for State Treasurer 
and was elected by an unusually large majority ; 
in 1891 was appointed, by Governor Fifer, a 
member of the Railroad and Warehouse Commis- 
sion, but, in 1892, received the appointment of 
Assistant United States Treasurer at Chicago, 
continuing in the latter office until December, 
1893. For ten years (1874-84) he was a member 
of the Republican State Central Committee, re- 
turning to that body in 1894, when he was chosen 
Chairman and conducted the campaign which 



resulted in the unprecedented Republican suc- 
cesses of that year. In 1896 he received the 
nomination of his party for Governor, and was 
elected over Gov. John P. Altgeld, his Demo- 
cratic opponent, by a plurality of over 113,000, 
and a majority, over all, of nearly 90,000 votes. 

TANNER, Tazewell B., jurist, was born in 
Henry Count j% Va., and came to Jefferson 
County, III, about 1846 or '47, at first taking a 
position as teacher and Superintendent of Public 
Schools. Later, he was connected . with "The 
Jeffersonian," a Democratic paper at Mount Ver- 
non, and, in 1849, went to the gold regions of 
California, meeting with reasonable success as a 
miner. Returning in a year or two, he was 
elected Clerk of the Circuit Court, and, while in 
the discharge of his duties, prosecuted the study 
of law, finally, on admission to the bar, entering 
into partnership with the late Col. Thomas S. 
Casey. In 1854 he was elected Representative in 
the Nineteenth General Assemblj-, and was in- 
strumental in securing the appropriation for the 
erection of a Supreme Court building at Mount 
Vernon. In 1862 he served as a Delegate to the 
State Constitutional Convention of that year ; was 
elected Circuit Judge in 1873, and, in 1877, was 
assigned to duty on the Appellate bench, but, at 
the expiration of his term, declined a re-election 
and resumed the practice of his profession at 
Mount Vernon. Died, March 25, 1880. 

TAXATION, in its legal sense, the mode of 
raising revenue. In its general sense its purposes 
are the support of the State and local govern- 
ments, tlie promotion of the public good by 
fostering education and works of public improve- 
ment, the protection of society by the preser- 
vation of order and the punishment of crime, and 
the support of the helpless and destitute. In 
practice, and as prescribed bj- the Constitution, 
the raising of revenue is required to be done "by 
levying a tax by valuation, so that every person 
and corporation shall pay a tax in proportion to 
the value of his, her or its property — such value 
to be ascertained by some person or persons, to be 
elected or appointed in such manner as the Gen- 
eral Assembly shall direct, and not otherwise." 
(State Constitution, 1870 — Art. Revenue, Sec. 1.) 
The person selected under the law to make this 
valuation is the Assessor of the county or the 
township (in counties under township organiza- 
tion), and he is required to make a return to the 
County Board at its July meeting each year — the 
latter having authority to hear complaints of tax- 
payers and adjust inequalities when found to 
exist. It is made the duty of the Assessor to 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



519 



include in liis return, as real-estate, all lands and 
the buildings or other improvements erected 
thereon; jind, under the liead of personal prop- 
erty, all tangible effects, besides moneys, credits, 
bonds or stocks, shares of stock of companies or 
corporations, investments, annuities, franchises, 
royalties, etc. Property used for school, church 
or cemetery purposes, as well as public buildings 
and other property belonging to the State and 
General Government, niunicii)ulities, jjublic 
charities, public libraries, agricultural and scien- 
tific societies, are declared exempt. Nominally, 
all property subject to taxation is required to be 
assessed at its cash valuation ; but, in reality, the 
valuation, of late years, has been on a basis of 
twenty-five to thirty-three per cent of its esti- 
mated cash value. In the larger cities, however, 
the valuation is often much lower tlian this, 
while very large amounts escape assessment 
altogetlier. The Revenue Act, passed at tlie 
special session of the Fortieth General Assembly 
(1898), requires the Assessor to make a return of 
all property subject to taxation in his district, at 
its cash valuation, upon which a Board of Review 
fixes a tax on the basis of twent3' per cent of 
such cash valuation. An abstract of the property 
assessment of each county goes before tlie State 
Board of Equalization, at its annual meeting in 
August, for the purpose of comparison and equal- 
izing valuations between counties, but the Board 
has no ix)wer to modify the assessments of indi- 
vidual taxpayers. (See State Board of Equali- 
zation.) This Board has exclusive power to fix 
the valuation for purposes of taxation of the 
capital stock or franchises of companies (except 
certain specified manufacturing corporations) , in- 
corporated under the State laws, together with the 
"railroad track" and "rolling stock'" of railroads, 
and the capital stock of railroads and telegraph 
lines, and to fix the distribution of the latter 
between counties in which they lie. — The Consti- 
tution of 1848 empowered the Legislature to 
impose a capitation tax, of not less than fifty 
cents nor more than one dollar, upon each free 
white male citizen entitled to the right of suf- 
frage, between the ages of 21 and (U) years, but the 
Constitution of 1870 grants no sucli power, 
though it authorizes the extension of the "objects 
and subjects of taxation" in accordance with the 
principle contained in the first section of the 
Revenue Article.— Sjiecial assessments in cities, 
for the construction of sewers, pavements, etc., 
being local and in the form of benefits, cannot 
be said to come under the head of general tax- 
ation. The same is to be said of revenue derjvod 



from fines and penalties, which are forms of 
punishment for specific oifenses, and go to the 
benefit of certain specified funds. 

TAYLOR, Abner, ex-Congressman, is a native 
of Maine, and a resident of Cliicago. lie has been 
in active business all his life as contractor, builder 
and merchant, and, for some time, a member of 
tlie wholesale dry-goods firm of J. V. Farwell & 
Co. , of Chicago. He was a member of the Thirty- 
fourth General A.s.sembly, a delegate to the 
National Republican Convention of 1881. and 
represented the First Illinois District in the Fifty- 
first and Fifty-second Congresses. 1889 to 1893. 
Mr. Taylor was one of the contractors for the 
erection of the new State Capitol of Texas. 

TAYLOR, Benjamin Franklin, journalist, poet 
and lecturer, was born at Lowville, N. Y , July 
19, 1819; graduated at Madi.son University in 
1839, the next year becoming literary and dra- 
matic critic of "The Chicago Evening Journal." 
Here, in a few years, he acquired a wide reputa- 
tion as a journalist and poet, and was much in 
demand as a lecturer on literary topics. His 
letters from the field during the Rebellion, as 
war correspondent of "The Evening Journal," 
won for him even a greater popularity, and were 
complimented by translation into more than one 
European language. After the war, he gave his 
attention more unreservedly to literature, his 
principal works appearing after that date. His 
publications in book form, including both prose 
and poetry, comprise the following: "Attractions 
of Language" (1845); "January and June" 
(1853); "Pictures in Camp and Field" (1871), 
"The World on Wheels" (1873); "Old Time Pic- 
tures and Sheaves of Rhyme" (1874) ; "Songs of 
Yesterday" (1877); "Summer Savory Gleaned 
from Rural Nooks" (1879); "Between the Gates" 
— pictures of California life — (1881) ; "Dulce 
Domum, the Burden of Song" (1884), and "Theo- 
philus Trent, or Old Times in the Oak Openings.'' 
a novel (1887). The last was in the hands of the 
publishers at his death, Feb. 27, 1887. Among 
his most popular poems are "The Isle of the Long 
Ago," "The Old Village Choir," and "Rhymes of 
the River." "Tlie London Times" complimented 
Mr. Taylor with the title of "Tlie Oliver Gold- 
smith of America." 

TAYLOR, Edmund Dick, early Indian-trader 
and legislator, was born at Fairfield C. H. , Va.. 
Oct. 18, 1802 — the son of a commi.ssary in the 
army of the Revolution, under General Greene, 
and a cousin of General (later, President) Zachary 
Taylor; left his native State in his youth and, at 
an early daj-, came to Springfield, 111., where he 



520 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



opened an Indian-trading post and general store ; 
was elected from Sangamon County to the lower 
branch of the Seventh General Assembly (1830) 
and re-elected in 1832 — the latter year being a 
competitor of Abraham Lincoln, whom he 
defeated. In 1834 he was elected to the State 
Senate and, at the next session of the Legislature, 
was one of the celebrated "Long Nine" who 
secured the removal of the State Capital to 
Springfield. He resigned before the close of his 
term to accept, from President Jackson, the ap- 
pointment of Receiver of Public Moneys at Chi- 
cago. Here he became one of the promoters of 
the Galena & Chicago Union Railroad (1837), 
serving as one of the Commissioners to secure 
subscriptions of stock, and was also active in 
advocating the construction of the Illinois & 
Michigan Canal. The title of "Colonel," by 
which he was known during most of his life, was 
acquired by service, with that rank, on the staff 
of Gov. John Reynolds, during the Black Hawk 
War of 1832. After coming to Chicago, Colonel 
Taylor became one of the Trustees of tlie Chicago 
brancli of the State Bank, and was later identified 
with various banking enterprises, as also a some- 
what extensive operator in real estate. An active 
Democrat in the early part of his career in Illi- 
nois, Colonel Taylor was one of the members of 
his party to take ground against the Kansas-Neb- 
raska bill in 1854, and advocated the election of 
General Bissell to the governorship in 18.5G. In 
1860 he was again in line with his party in sup- 
port of Senator Douglas for the Presidency, and 
was an opponent of the war policy of tlie Govern- 
ment still later, as shown by his participation in 
the celebrated "Peace Con\ention"" at Spring- 
field, of June 17, 1863. In the latter years of his 
life he became extensively interested in coal 
lands in La Salle and adjoining counties, and, 
for a considerable time, served as President of the 
Northern Illinois Coal & Mining Company, his 
home, during a part of this period, being at 
Mendota. Died, in Chicago, Dec. 4, 1891. 

TAYLORVILLE, a city and county-seat of 
Christian County, on the South Fork of the Sanga- 
mon River and on the Wabash Railway at its 
point of intersection with the Springfield Division 
of the Baltimore <fe Ohio Southwestern. It is 
about 27 miles southeast of Springfield, and 
28 miles southwest of Decatur. It has several 
banks, flour mills, paper mill, electric light and 
gas plants, water-works, two coal mines, carriage 
and wagon shops, a manufactory of farming 
implements, two daily and weekly papers, nine 
churches and five graded and township high 



schools. Much coal is mined in this vicinity. 
Pop. (1890), 2,839; (1900), 4,248. 

TAZEWELL COUNTY, a central county on 
the Illinois River ; was first settled in 1823 and 
organized in 1827 ; has an area of 6.50 square miles 
— was named for Governor Tazewell of Virginia. 
It is drained by the Illinois and Mackinaw Rivers 
and traversed by several lines of railway. The 
surface is generally level, the soil alluvial and 
rich, but, requiring drainage, especially on the 
river bottoms. Gravel, coal and sandstone are 
found, but, generally speaking, Tazewell is an 
agricultural county. The cereals are extensively 
cultivated; wool is also clipped, and there are 
dairy interests of some importance. Distilling is 
extensively conducted at Pekin, the county-seat, 
which is also the seat of other mechanical indus- 
tries. (See also Pekin.) Population of the 
county (1880), 29,666; (1890), 29,.556; (1900), 33,221. 

TEMPLE, John Taylor, M.D., early Chicago 
physician, born in Virginia in 1804, graduated in 
medicine at Middlebury College, Vt., in 1830, and, 
in 1833, arrived in Chicago. At this time he had 
a contract for carrying the United States mail 
from Chicago to Fort Howard, near Green Bay, 
and the following year undertook a similar con- 
tract between Chicago and Ottawa. Having sold 
these out three years later, he devoted his atten- 
tion to the practice of his profession, though 
interested, for a time, in contracts for the con- 
struction of the Illinois & Michigan Canal. Dr. 
Temple was instrumental in erecting the first 
house (after Rev. Jesse Walker's missionary 
station at Wolf Point), for public religious 
worship in Chicago, and, although himself a 
Baptist, it was used in common by Protestant 
denominations. He was a member of the first 
Board of Trustees of Rush Medical College, 
though he later became a convert to homeopathy, 
and finally, removing to St. Louis, assisted in 
founding the St. Louis School of Homeopathy, 
dying there, Feb. 24, 1877. 

TEXTRE OF OFFICE. (See Elections.) 

TERRE HAUTE, ALTON & ST. LOUIS 
RAILROAD. (See St. Louis. Alton & Terre 
Hull fe Railroad.) 

TERRE HAUTE & ALTON RAILROAD (See 
St. Louis. Alton &• Terre Haute Railroad.) 

TERRE HAUTE & INDIANAPOLIS RAIL- 
RO.\D, a corporation operating no line of its own 
within the State, but the lessee and operator of 
the following lines (which see): St. Louis, 
Vandalia & Terre Haute, 158.3 miles; Terre 
Haute & Peoria, 145.12 miles: East St. Louis 
& Carondelet, 12.74 miles — total length of leased 



mSTOUICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



521 



lines in Illinois, 316.16 miles. Tlie Terre Haute 
& Indianapolis Railroail was incorporated in 
Indiana in 1S17, as the Terre Haute & Rich- 
mond, completed a line between tlie points 
named in the title, in ISjS. and took its present 
name in 1866. The Pennsylvania Railroad Com- 
pany purchased a controlling Interest in its stock 
in 1893. 

TEKRE HAUTE & PEORIA KAILKOAD, 
(Vandalia Line), a line of road extending from 
Terre Haute, Ind. . to Peoria, 111., 145.12 miles, 
with 28.78 miles of trackage, making in all 173.9 
n^iles in operation, all being in Illinois — operated 
by the Terre Haute & Indianapolis Railroad Com- 
pany. The gauge is standard, and the rails are 
steel. (History. ) It was organized Feb. 7, 1887, 
successor to the Illinois Midland Railroad. The 
latter was made up by tlie consolidation (Nov. 4, 
1874) of three lines: (1) The Peoria, Atlanta & 
Decatur Railroad, chartered in 1869 and opened in 
1874; (2) the Paris & Decatur Railroad, chartered 
in 1861 and opened in December. 1872; and (3) the 
Paris & Terre Haute Railroad, chartered in 1873 
and opened in 1874 — the consolidated lines 
assuming the name of the Illinois Midland Rail- 
road. In 1886 the Illinois Midland was sold under 
foreclosure and, in February, 1887, reorganizeil 
as the Terre Haute & Peoria Railroad. In 1893 
it was leased for ninety-nine years to the Terre 
Haute & Indianapolis Railroad Company, and is 
operated as a part of the "Vandalia System."' 
The capital stock (1898) was §3.764,200; funded 
debt, §2,230,000.— total capital invested, §6,227,- 
481. 

TEUTOrOLIS, a village of Effingham County, 
on the Terre Haute & Indianajjolis Railroad, 4 
miles east of Effingham; was originally settled 
by a colony of Germans from Cincinnati. Popu- 
lation (19001, 498. 

THOMAS, Horace H., lawyer and legislator, 
■was born in Vermont, Dec. 18, 1831, graduated at 
Middlebury College, and, after admission to the 
bar, removed to Chicago, where he commenced 
practice. At the outbreak of the rebellion he 
enlisted and was commissioned Assistant Adju- 
tant-General of the Ami}- of the Ohio. At the 
close of the war he took up his residence in Ten- 
nessee, serving as Quartermaster upon the staff 
of Governor Brownlow. In 1S67 he returned to 
Chicago and resumed practice. He was elected 
a Representative in the Legislature in 1878 and 
re-elected in 1880, being chosen Speaker of the 
Hou.se during liis latter term. In 18.88 lie was 
elected State Senator from the Sixth District, 
serving during the sessions of the Thirty-sixth 



and Thirty-seventh General Assemblies. In 
1897, General Thomas was appointed United 
States Appraiser in connection with the Custom 
House in Chicago. 

THOMAS, Jesse Burgess, jurist and United 
States Senator, was born at Hagerstown, Md., 
claiming direct descent from Lord Baltimore. 
Taken west in childhood, he grew to manhood 
and settled at Lawrenceburg, Indiana Territory, 
in 1803; in 180.5 was Speaker of the Territorial 
Legislature and, later, represented the Territory 
as Delegate in Congress. On the organization of 
Illinois Territory (which he had favored), he 
removed to Kaskaskia, was appointed one of the 
first Judges for tlie new Territory, and, in 1818, 
as Delegate from St. Clair County, presided over 
the first State Constitutional Convention, and, on 
the admission of the State, became one of the 
first United States Senators — Governor Edwards 
being his colleague. Thougli an avowed advo- 
cate of slavery, he gained no little prominence 
as the author of tlie celebrated "Missouri Com- 
promise," adojited in 1820. He was re-elected to 
the Senate in 1823, serving until 1829. He sub- 
.sequently removed to Mount Vernon, Ohio, where 
he died by suicide. May 4, 1853. — Jesse Burgess 
(Thomas), Jr., nephew of the United States Sena- 
tor of the same name, was born at Lebanon, Ohio, 
July 31, 1806, was educated at Transylvania 
Universit}', and, being admitted to the bar, 
located at Edwardsville, 111. He first apjieared 
in connection with public affairs as Secretary of 
the State Senate in 1830, being re-electeil in 1832 ; 
in 1834 w;is elected Representative in the General 
Assembly from Madison County, but, in Febru- 
ary following, was appointed Attorney-General, 
serving only one year. He afterwards held the 
position of Circuit Judge (1837-39), his home being 
then in Springfield; in 1843 he became Associ- 
ate Justice of the Supreme Court, by appointment 
of the Governor, as successor to Stephen A. Doug- 
las, and was afterwards elected to the same 
oflice by the Legislature, remaining until 1848. 
During a part of his professional career he was 
the partner of David Prickett and William L. 
May, at Springfield, and afterwards a member of 
the Galena bar, finally removing to Chicago, 
where he died, Feb. 21, 1850.— Jesse B. (Thomas) 
third, clergyman and son of the last named; born 
at Edwardsville, III, July 29, 1832; educated at 
Kenyon College. Ohio, and Roche.ster (N. Y.) 
Theological Seminar}- ; practiced law for a time 
in Chicago, but finally entered the Baptist minis- 
try, serving churches at "Waukegan, 111. , Brook- 
lyn, N. Y., and San Francisco (1862-69). He 



522 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



then became pastor of the Michigan Avenue Bap- 
tist Church, in Cliicago, remaining until 1874, 
when he returned to Brooklyn. In 1887 he 
became Professor of Biblical History in the 
Theological Seminar}- at Newton, Mass., where he 
has since resided. He is the author of several 
volumes, and, in 1866, received the degree of D.D. 
from the old University of Chicago. 

THOMAS, John, pioneer and soldier of the 
Black Hawk War, was born in Wythe County, 
Va., Jan. 11, 1800. At the age of 18 he accom- 
panied his parents to St. Clair County, 111., where 
the family located in what was then called the 
Alexander settlement, near the present site of 
Shiloh. When he was 22 he rented a farm 
(although he had not enough money to buy a 
horse) and married. Six years later he bought 
and stocked a farm, and, from that time forward, 
rapidly accumulated real property, until he 
became one of the most extensive owners of farm- 
ing land in St. Clair County. In early life he 
was fond of military exercise, holding various 
offices in local organizations and serving as a 
Colonel in the Black Hawk War. In 182-t he was 
one of the leaders of the party opposed to the 
amendment of the State Constitution to sanction 
slavery, was a zealous opponent of the Kansas- 
Nebraska bill in 18.54, and a firm supporter of the 
Republican party from the date of its formation. 
He was elected to the lower house of the General 
Assembly in 1888, '62, "64, '72 and '74; and to tlie 
State Senate in 1878, serving four years in the 
latter body. Died, at Belleville, Dec. 16, 1894, in 
the 93th year of his age. 

THOMAS, John R., ex-Congressman, was born 
at Mount Vernon, 111., Oct. 11, 1846. He served 
in the Union Army during the War of the Rebel- 
lion, rising from the ranks to a captaincy. After 
his return home he studied law, and was admit- 
ted to the bar in 1869. From 1872 to 1876 he was 
State's Attorney, and, from 1879 to 1889, repre- 
sented his District in Congress. In 1897, Mr. 
Thomas was appointed by President McKinley 
an additional United States District Judge for 
Indian Territory. His home is now at Vanita, 
in that Territorj-. 

THOMAS, >Villiani, pioneer lawyer and legis- 
lator, was born in what is now Allen County, 
Ky., Nov. 22, 1802; received a rudimentary edu- 
cation, and served as deputy of his father (who 
was Sheriff), and afterwards of the County Clerk ; 
studied law and was admitted to the bar in 1823; 
in 1826 removed to Jacksonville, 111., where he 
taught school, served as a private in the Winne- 
bago War (1827), and at the session of 1828-29, 



reported the proceedings of the General Assem- 
bly for "'The Vandalia Intelligencer" ; was State's 
Attorney and Scliool Commissioner of Morgan 
County ; served as Quartermaster and Commis- 
sary in the Black Hawk War (1S31-32), first under 
Gen. Joseph Duncan and, a year later, under 
General Whiteside ; in 1839 was appointed Circuit 
Judge, but legislated out of office two years later. 
It was as a member of the Legislature, however, 
that he gained the greatest prominence, first as 
State Senator in 1834-40, and Representative in 
1846-48 and 1850-52, when he was especially influ- 
ential in the legislation which resulted in estab- 
lishing the institutions for the Deaf and Dumb 
and the Blind, and the Hospital for the Insane 
(the first in the State) at Jacksonville— serving, 
for a time, as a member of the Board of Trustees 
of the latter. He was also prominent in connec- 
tion with many enterprises of a local character, 
including the establishment of the Illinois Female 
College, to which, although without children of 
his own, he was a liberal contributor. During 
the first year of the war he was a member of the 
Board of Army Auditors by appointment of Gov- 
ernor Yates. Died, at Jacksonville, August 22, 
1889. 

THORNTON, Anthony, jurist, was born in 
Bourbon County, Ky., Nov. 9, 1814 — being 
descended from a Virginia family. After the 
usual primary instruction in the common schools, 
he spent two years in a. high school at Gallatin, 
Tenn., when he entered Centre College at Dan- 
ville, Ky., afterwards continuing his studies at 
Miami University, Ohio, where he graduated in 
1834. Having studied law with an uncle at 
Paris, Ky., he was licensed to practice in 1836, 
when he left his native State with a view to set- 
tling in Missouri, but, visiting his uncle. Gen. 
William F. Thornton, at Shelby ville. 111., was 
induced to establish himself in practice there. 
He served as a member of tlie State Constitutional 
Conventions of 1847 and 1862, and as Represent- 
ative in the Seventeenth General Assembly 
(1850-52) for Shelby County. In 1864 he was 
elected to the Thirty-ninth Congress, and, in 
1870, to the Illinois Supreme Court, but served 
only until 1873, when he resigned. In 1879 
Judge Thornton removed to Decatur, 111., but 
subsequently returned to Shelbyville, where 
(1898) he now resides. 

THORNTON, WilHam Fitzhugrh, Commissioner 
of the Illinois & Michigan Canal, was born in 
Hanover County, Va., Oct. 4, 1789; in 1806, went 
to Alexandria, Va., where he conducted a drug 
business for a time, also acting as associate 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



523 



editor of "The Alexandria Gazette." Sub.se- 
quently removing to Wasliington City, he con- 
ducted a paper there in the interest of John 
Quincy Ad.ini.s for tlie Presidency. Durin;; the 
War of 1812-14 he served as a Captain of cavalry, 
and, for a time, as staff-olliccr of Ceneral Winder. 
On occasion of the visit of Martpiis La Fayette to 
America (1824-2.")) he accompanied the distin- 
guished Frenchman from Baltimore to Rich- 
mond. In 1829 he removed to Kentucky, and, 
in 1833, to Shelbj-ville, 111., where he soon after 
engaged in mercantile business, to which he 
added a banking and brokerage business in IS.IO, 
with whicli he was actively a.ssociatod until his 
death. In 1836, he was apjKjinted, by Governor 
Duncan, one of the Commissioners of the Illinois 
& Michigan Canal, serving as President of the 
Board until 1842. In 1840, he made a visit to 
London, as financial agent of the State, in the 
interest of the Canal, and succeeded in making a 
sale of bonds to the amount of §1,000.000 on what 
were then considered favorable terms. General 
Thornton was an ardent Whig until the organi- 
zation of the Republican jjarty, when he became 
a Democrat. Died, at Slielbyville. Oct. 21, 
1873. 

TILLSON, John, j)ioneer, was born at Halifax, 
Mass., March 13, 1796; came to Illinois in 1819, 
locating at Ilillsboro, Montgomery County, where 
he became a prominent and enterprising ojierator 
in real estate, doing a large business for eastern 
parties; was one of the founders of Hillsboro 
Academy and an influential and liberal friend of 
Illinois College, being a Trustee of the latter 
from its establishment until Iiis death; w;is sup- 
ported in the Legislature of 1827 for State Treas- 
urer, but defeated by James Hall. Died, at 
Peoria, May 11, 18.53.— Christiana Holmes (Till- 
son), wife of the preceding, was born at Kingston, 
Mass., Oct. 10, 1798; married to John Tillson in 
1822, and immediately came to Illinois to resiile; 
was a woman of rare culture anil refinement, and 
deepl}' interested in benevolent enterprises. 
Died, in New York City, May 29. 1873.— Charlp^^ 
Holmes (TilLson), son of John and Cliristiana 
Holmes Tillson, was torn at Hillsboro. 111., Sept. 
1.5. 1823; educated at Hillsboro Academy and 
Illinois College, graduating from the latter in 
1844; studied law in St. Louis and at Transyl- 
vania University, was admitted to the bar in St. 
Louis and practiced there some years — also served 
several terms in the City Council, and was a 
member of the National Guard of Missouri in the 
War of the Rebellion. Died. Nov. 25, 1865.— 
John (Tillson), Jr., another son, was bom at 



Ilillsboro, 111., Oct. 12, 1825; educated at Hills- 
boro Academy and Illinois College, but did not 
graduate from tlie latter ; gra<luatetl from Tran- 
sylvania Law School, Kj-., in 1847, and was 
admitted to the bar at Quincy, 111., tlie same 
year; practiced two years at Galena, when he 
returned to Quincy. In 1861 he enlisted in the 
Tenth Regiment Illinois Volunteers, became its 
Lieutenant-Colonel, on the promotion of Col. J. D. 
Morgan to Brigadier-General, was advanced to 
the colonelcy, and, in July, 1865, was nuistered 
out with the rank of brevet Brigadier-General; 
for two years later held a commission as Captain 
in the regular army. During a portion of 1869-70 
he was editor of "Tlie Quincy Whig"; in 1873 
was elected Representative in the Twenty-eighth 
General Assembly to succeed Nehemiah Buslinell, 
who had died in office, and, during the same year, 
was appointed Collector of Internal Revenue for 
the Quincy District, serving until 1881. Died, 
August 6, 1892. 

TILLSON, Robert, pioneer, was born in Hali- 
fax County, Mass.. August 12, 1800; came to Illi- 
nois in 1822, and was employed, for several years, 
as a clerk in the land agency of liis brother, John 
Tillson, at Hillsboro. In 1826 he engaged in the 
mercantile business with Charles Holmes, Jr., in 
St. Louis, but, in 1828, removed to Quincy, 111., 
where he opened the first general store in that 
city; also served as Postmaster for some ten 
years. During this period lie built the first two- 
story frame building erected in Quincy, up to 
that date. Retiring from the mercantile business 
in 1840 he engaged in real estate, ultimately 
becoming the proprietor of considerable property 
of this character ; was also a contractor for fur- 
nishing cavalry accouterments to the Government 
during the war. Soon after the war he erected 
one of the handsomest business blocks existing 
in the city at that time. Died, in Quincv, Dec. 
27, 1892. 

TIXCHER, John L., banker, was born in Ken- 
tucky in 1821; brouglit by his parents to Vermil- 
ion County, Ind., in 1829. and left an orphan at 
17; attended school in Coles County, 111 , and 
was employed as clerk in a store at Danville, 
1843-.53. He then became a member of the firm 
of Tineher & English, merchants, later establisli- 
ing a bank, which became tlie First National 
Bank of Danville. In 1804 Mr. Tineher was 
elected Representative in the Twenty-fourth 
General Assembly and, two years later, to the 
Senate, being re-elected in 1870. He was also a 
meml)er of the State Constitutional Convention 
of 1869-70. Died, in Springfield, Dec. 17, 1871, 



524 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



while in attendance on the adjourned session of 
that year. 

TIPTON, Thomas F., Ia\v3-er and jurist, was 
born in Franklin County, Ohio, August 29, 1833 ; 
has been a resident of McLean County, 111., from 
the age of 10 years, his present home being at 
Bloomington. He was admitted to the bar in 
1857, and, from January, 1867, to December, 1868, 
was State's Attorney for the Eighth Judicial 
Circuit. In 1870 he was elected Judge of the 
same circuit, and under the new Constitution, 
was chosen Judge of the new Fourteenth Circuit. 
From 1877 to 1879 he represented the (then) 
Thirteenth Illinois District in Congress, but. in 
1878, was defeated by Adlai E. Stevenson, the 
Democratic nominee. In 1891 he was re-elected 
to a seat on the Circuit bench for the Bloomington 
Circuit, but resumed practice at the expiration 
of his term in 1897. 

TISKILWA, a village of Bureau County, on the 
Chicago, Rock Island & Pacific Railway, 7 miles 
southwest of Princeton; has creameries and 
cheese factories, churches, school, library, water- 
works, bank and a newspaper. Pop. (1900), 965. 

TODD, (Col.) John, soldier, was born in Mont- 
gomery County, Pa., in 1750; took part in the 
battle of Point Pleasant, Va., in 1774, as Adju- 
tant-General of General Lewis; settled as a 
lawyer at Fincastle, Va., and, in 1775, removed 
to Fayette County, Ky., the next year locating 
near Lexington. He was one of the first two 
Delegates from Kentucky County to the Virginia 
House of Burgesses, and, in 1778, accompanied 
Col. George Rogers Clark on his expedition 
against Kaskaskia and Vincennes. In Decem- 
ber, 1778, he was appointed by Gov. Patrick 
Henry, Lieutenant Commandant of Illinois 
County, embracing the region northwest of the 
Ohio River, serving two years; in 1780, was again 
a member of the Virginia Legislature, where he 
procured grants of land for public schools and 
introduced a bill for negro-emancipation. He 
■was killed by Indians, at the battle of Blue 
Licks, Ky., August 19, 1782. 

TODD, (Dr.) John, physician, born near Lex- 
ington, Ky., April 27, 1787, was one of the earli- 
est graduates of Transylvania University, also 
graduating at the Medical University of Pliila- 
delphia ; was appointed Surgeon-General of Ken- 
tucky troops in the War of 1812, and captured at 
tne battle of River Raisin. Returning to Lex- 
ington after his release, he practiced there and 
at Bardstown. removed to Edwardsville. 111., in 
1817. and, in 1837, to Springfield, where he had 
been appointed Register of the Land Office by 



President John Quincy Adams, but was removed 
by Jackson in 1829. Dr. Todd continued to reside 
at Springfield until his death, which occurred, 
Jan. 9, 1865. He was a grandson of John Todd, 
who was appointed Commandant of Illinois 
County by Gov. Patrick Henry in 1778, and an 
uncle of Mrs. Abraham Lincoln. — Johii ]Uair 
Smith (Todd), son of the preceding, was born at 
Lexington, Ky., April 4, 1814; came with his 
father to Illinois in 1817; graduated at the United 
States Military Academy in 1837, serving after- 
wards in the Florida and Mexican wars and on 
the frontier; re.signed, and was an Indian-trader 
in Dakota, 1856-61 ; the latter year, took his 
seat as a Delegate in Congress from Dakota, 
then served as Brigadier-General of Volun- 
teers, 1861-62; was again Delegate in Congress 
in 1863-65, Speaker of the Dakota Legislature 
in 1867, and Governor of the Territory, 1869-71. 
Died, at Yankton City, Jan. 5, 1873. 

TOLEDO, a village and the county-.seat of 
Cumberland County, on the Illinois Central Rail- 
road ; founded in 1854 ; has five churches, a graded 
school, two banks, creamery, flour mill, elevator, 
and two weekly newspapers. There are no manu- 
factories, the leading industry in the surrounding 
country being agriculture. Pop. (1890), 676; 
(1900), 818. 

TOLEDO, CIJfCINNATI & ST. LOUIS RAIL- 
ROAD. (See Toledo, St. Louis & Kansas Cits 
Railroad.) 

TOLEDO, PEORIA & WARSAW RAILROAD. 
(See Toledo. Peoria ct ITVs^'ra Railway ) 

TOLEDO, PEORIA & WESTERN RAILROAD. 
(See Toledo. Peoria d' Western Railirai/.) 

TOLEDO, PEORIA & WESTERN RAILWAY, 
a line of railroad wholly within the State of Illi- 
nois, extending from Effner, at the Indiana State 
line, west to the Mississippi River at Warsaw. 
The length of the whole line is 280.7 miles, owned 
entirely by the company. It is made up of a 
division from Effner to Peoria (110.9 miles) — • 
which is practically an air-line throughout nearly 
its entire length — and the Peoria and Warsaw 
Division (108.8 miles) with branches from La 
Harpe to Iowa Junction (10.4 miles) and 0.6 of a 
mile connecting with the Keokuk bridge at 
Hamilton. — (History.) The original charter for 
this line was granted, in 1863, under the name of 
the Toledo, Peoria & Warsaw Railroad ; the main 
line was completed in 1868, and the La Harpe & 
Iowa Junction branch in 1873. Default was 
made in 1873, the road sold under foreclosure, in 
1880, and reorganized as the Toledo, Peoria & 
Western Railroad, and the line leased for 49j4f 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



525 



years to tlie Wabash, St. Louis & Pacific ll;iihvay 
Company. The latter defaulted in July. ISS-t, 
and, a year later, the Toledo, Peoria & Western 
was transferred to trustees for the first mortgage 
bond- holders, was sold under foreclosure in 
OctoVier, 1886, and, in March, 1887, the present 
company, under the name of the Toledo, Peoria 
& Western Railway Companj', was organized for 
the purpose of taking ov(>r tho property. In 189;$ 
tlie Pennsylvania Riilroad Company obtained a 
controlling interest in the stock, and, in 1894, an 
agreement, for joint ownership and management, 
was entered into between that corporation and 
the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy Railroad Com- 
pany. The total capitalization, in 1898, was 
§9,712,433, of which §4,076,900 was in stock and 
$4,895,000 in bonds. 

TOLEDO, ST. LOl IS & KANSAS CITY RAIL- 
ROAD. This line cros.ses the State in a northeast 
direction from East St. Louis to Humrick, near 
the Indiana State line, with Toledo as its eastern 
terminus. The length of the entire line is 4.')0.73 
miles, of which 179V4 miles are operated in Illi- 
nois. — (History.) The Illinois portion of the 
line grew out of the union of cliarters granted to 
the Tuscola, Charleston & Vincennes and the 
Charleston, Neoga & St. Louis Railroad Com- 
panies, which were consolidated in 1881 with 
certain Indiana lines under the name of the 
Toledo, Cincinnati & St. Louis Railroad. During 
1882 a narrow-gauge road was constru(!ted from 
Ridge Farm, in Vermilion County, to East St. 
Louis (172 miles). In 1885 this was sold under 
foreclosure and, in June, 1886, consolidated with 
the main line under the name of the Toledo, St. 
Louis & Kansas City Railroad. The whole line 
was changed to standard gauge in 1887-89, and 
otherwise materially improved, but, in 1893, 
went into the hands of receivers. Plans of re- 
organization have been under consideration, but 
the receivers were still in control in ISOS, 

TOLEDO, WABASH i WESTERN RAIL- 
ROAD. (See Wabash Railroad.) 

TOLONO, a city in Champaign County, situ- 
ated at the intersection of tlie Wabash and the 
Illinois Central Railroads, 9 miles south of Cham- 
paign and 37 miles east-northeast of Decatur. It 
is the business center of a prosperous agricultural 
region. The town has five churches, a graded 
school, a bank, a button factory, and a weeklv 
newspaper. Population (1880), 905; (1890), 902; 
(1900). 845. 

TONICA,a village of La Salle County, on the 
Illinois Central Railway, 9 miles south of La Salle; 
the district is agricultural, but the place has some 



nianufa(!tures anil a newspaper. Population 
(1890), 473; (1900), 497. 

TONTY, Chevalier Henry de, e.xplorer and sol- 
dier, born at Gaeta. lliily, al)Out 16.50 What is 
now known as the Tontine system of insurance 
undoubtedly originated with his father. The 
younger Tonty was adventurous, and, even as a 
youtli, took part in numerous land and naval 
encounters. In the cour.se of his experience he 
lost a hand, wliii-h was replaced by an iron or 
copper substitute. He embarked with La Salle 
in 1678, and aided in the construction of a fort at 
Niagara. He advanced into the country of the 
Illinois and established friendly relations with 
them, only to witness the defeat of his putative 
savage allies by the Iroquois. After various 
encounters (chiefly under the direction of La 
Salle) with the Indians in Illinois, he returned 
to Green Bay in 1681. The same year— under La 
Salle's orders — he began the erection of Fort St. 
Louis, on what is now called "Starved Rock" in 
La Salle County. In 1682 he descended the Mis- 
.sissippi to its mouth, with La Salle, but was 
ordered back to Mackinaw for assistance. In 
1684 he returned to Illinois and successfully 
repulsed the Iroquois from Fort St. Louis. In 
1086 he again descended the Mississippi in search 
of La Salle. Disheartened by the death of his 
commander and the loss of his early comrades, 
he took up his residence with the Illinois Indians. 
Among them he was foun<l by Iberville in 1700, 
as a hunter and fur-trader. He died, in Mobile, 
in September, 1704. He was La Salle's most effi- 
cient coadjutor, and next to his ill-fated leader, 
did more than any other of the early French 
explorers to make Illinois known to the civilized 
world. 

TOPOGRAPHY. Illinois is, generally speak- 
ing, an elevated table-land. If low water at 
Cairo be adopted as the maximum depression, and 
the summits of the two ridges hereinafter men- 
tioned ;us the highest points of elevation, the alti- 
tude of this table land above the sea-level varies 
from 300 to 850 feet, the mean elevation being 
about 600 feet. The State has no mountain 
chains, and its few hills are ])robably the result 
of une<iual denudation during the drift epoch. 
In some localities, particularly in the valley of 
the upper Mississippi, the streams have cut 
channels from 200 to 300 feet deep through the 
nearly horizontal strata, and here are found pre- 
cipitous scarps, but, for the most part, the 
fundatnental rocks are covered by a thick layer 
of detrital material. In the northwest there is a 
broken tract of uneven ground ; the central por- 



526 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



tion of the State is almost wholly flat prairie, 
and, in the alluvial lands in the State, there are 
many deep valleys, ero<led by the action of 
streams. The surface generally slopes toward 
the south and southwest, but the uniformity is 
broken by two ridges, which cross the State, one 
in either extremity. The northern ridge crosses 
the Rock River at Grand Detour and the Illinois 
at Split Rock, with an extreme altitude of 800 to 
8.50 feet above sea-level, though the altitude of 
Mount Morris, in Ogle County, exceeds 900 feet. 
That in the south consists of a range of hills in 
the latitude of Jonesboro, and extending from 
Shawneetown to Grand Tower. These hills are 
also about 800 feet above the level of the ocean. 
The highest point in the State is in Jo Daviess 
County, just soutli of the Wisconsin State line 
(near Scale's Mound) reaching an elevation of 
1,2.57 feet above sea-level, while the highest in 
the south is in the northeast corner of Pope 
Coimty — 1,046 feet — a spur of the Ozark moun- 
tains. The following statistics regarding eleva- 
tions are taken from a report of Prof. C. W. 
Rolfe, of the University of Illinois, based on 
observations made under the auspices of the Illi- 
nois Board of World's Fair Commissioners : The 
lowest gauge of the Ohio river, at its mouth 
(above sea-level), is 268.(58 feet, and the mean 
level of Lake Michigan at Chicago .581.28 feet. 
The altitudes of a few prominent points are as 
follows: Highest point in Jackson County, 695 
feet; "Bald Knob" in Union County, 985; high- 
est point in Cook County (Harrington), 818; in La 
Salle County (Mendota), 747; in Livingston 
(Strawn), 770; in Will (Monee), 804; in Pike 
(Arden), 790; in Lake (Lake Zurich), 880; in 
Bureau, 910; in Boone, 1,010; in Lee (Carnahan), 
1,017; in Stephenson (Waddam's Grove), 1,018; 
in Kane (Briar Hill), 974; in Winnebago, 98.5. 
The elevations of important towns are : Peoria, 
465; Jacksonville, 602; Springfield, 596; Gales- 
burg, 7.55; Joliet, 537; Rockford, 728; Blooming- 
ton, 821. Outside of the immediate valleys of 
the streams, and a few isolated groves or copses, 
little timber is found in the northern and central 
portions of the State, and such growth as there 
is, lacks the thriftiness characteristic of the for- 
ests in the Ohio valley. These forests cover a 
belt extending some sixty miles north of Cairo, 
and, while they generally include few coniferous 
trees, they abound in various species of oak, 
black and white walnut, white and yellow pop- 
lar, ash, elm, sugar-maple, linden, honey locust, 
Cottonwood, mulberry, sycamore, pecan, persim- 
mon, and (in the immediate valley of the Ohio) 



the cypress. From a commercial point of view, 
Illinois loses nothing through the lack of timber 
over three-fourths of the State's area. Chicago 
is an accessible market for the product of the 
forests of the upper lakes, so that the supply of 
lumber is ample, while extensive coal-fields sup- 
ply abundant fuel. The rich soil of the prairies, 
with its abundance of organic matter (see Geo- 
logical Formations), more than compensates for 
the want of pine forests, whose soil is ill adapted 
to agriculture. About two-thirds of the entire 
boundary of the State consists of navigable 
waters. These, with their tributary streams, 
ensure sufficient drainage. 

TORREJiS LAXD TITLE SYSTEM. A system 
for the registration of titles to, and incumbrances 
upon, land, as well as transfers thereof, intended 
to remove all unnecessary obstructions to the 
cheap, simple and safe sale, acquisition and 
transfer of realtj'. The system has been in suc- 
cessful operation in Canada, Australia, New Zea- 
land and British Columbia for many years, and 
it is also in force in some States in the American 
Union. An act providing for its introduction 
into Illinois was first passed by the Twenty- 
ninth General Assembly, and approved, June 13, 
1895. The final legislation in reference thereto 
was enacted by the succeeding Legislature, and 
was approved, May 1, 1897. It is far more elabo- 
rate in its consideration of details, and is believed 
to be, in many respects, much better adapted to 
accomplish the ends in view, than was the origi- 
nal act of 1895. The law is aijplicable only to 
counties of the first and second class, and can be 
adopted in no county except by a vote of a 
majority of the qualified voters of the same — the 
vote "for" or "against" to be taken at either the 
November or April elections, or at an election 
for the choice of Judges. Thus far the .only 
county to adopt the system lias been Cook, and 
there it encountered strong opposition on the 
part of certain parties of influence and wealth. 
After its adoption, a test case was brought, rais- 
ing the question of the constitutionality of the 
act. The Lssue was taken to the Supreme Court, 
which tribunal finally upheld the law. — The 
Torrens sj'stem substitutes a certificate of regis- 
tration and of transfer for the more elaborate 
deeds and mortgages in use for centuries. Under 
it there can be no actual transfer of a title until 
the same is entered upon the public land legis- 
ter, kept in the ofiice of the Registrar, in which 
case the deed or mortgage becomes a mere power 
of attorney to authorize the transfer to be made, 
upon the principle of an ordinarj- stock transfer, 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



527 



or of the registration of a United States bond, 
the actual transfer and public notice thereof 
being simultaneous. A brief synopsis of the pro- 
visions of the Illinois statute is given below: 
Recorders of deeds are made Registrars, and 
required to give bonds of either $.J0, 000 or §200,- 
000, according to the population of the county. 
Any person or coiiJoratioii, liaving an interest in 
land, may make application to any court liaving 
chancery jurisdiction, to have his title thereto 
registered. Such aiiiilication must be in writ- 
ing, signed and verified by oath, and must con- 
form, in matters of specification and detail, with 
the requirements of the act. The coui't may refer 
the application to one of the standing examiners 
appointed by the Registrar, who are required to 
be competent attorneys and to give bond to e.x- 
amine into the title, as well as the truth of the 
applicant's statements. Immediately upon the 
filing of the application, notice thereof is given 
by the clerk, througli publication and the issuance 
of a summons to be served, as in other proceed- 
ings in chancery, against all per.sons mentioned 
in the petition as having or claiming any inter- 
est in the property described. Any person inter- 
ested, whether named as a defendant or not, may 
enter an appearance witliin the time allowed. A 
failure to enter an appearance is regarded as a 
confession by default. The court, in passing 
upon the application, is in no case bound by the 
examiner's report, but may require other and 
further proof; and, in its finalad judication, passes 
upon all questions of title and incumbrance, 
directing the Registrar to register the title in the 
party in whom it is to be vested, and making 
provision iis to the manner and order in which 
incumbrances thereon shall appear upon the 
certificate to be issued. An appeal may be 
allowed to the Supreme Court, if prayed at the 
time of entering the decree, upon like terms as 
in other cases in chancery; and a writ of error 
may be sued out from that tribunal within two 
years after the entry of the order or decree. 
The period last mentioned may be said to be the 
statutory period of limitation, after which the 
decree of the court must be regarde<l as final, 
although safeguards are provided for those who 
may have been defrauded, and for a few other 
classes of persons. Upon the filing of the order 
or decree of the court, it becomes the duty of the 
Registrar to issue a certificate of title, the form 
of wliich is prescribed by the act, making such 
notations at the end as shall show and preserve 
the priorities of all estates, mortgages, incum- 
brances and changes to which the owner's title is 



subject. For the purpose of preserving evidence 
of the owner's hanJwritin'j, a receipt for the 
certificate, duly witnessed or acknowledged, is 
recpiired of him, which is preserved in the Regis- 
trar's office. In case any registered owner 
shoulil desire to transfer the whole or any part of 
his estate, or any interest therein, he is required 
to execute a conveyance to the transferee, which, 
together with the certificate of title last issued, 
must be surrendered to the Registrar. That 
official thereupon issues a new certificate, stamp- 
ing the word "cancelled" across the surrendered 
certificate, as well as upon the corresponding 
entry in his books of record. When land is first 
brought within the operation of the act, the 
receiver of the certificate of title is required to 
pay to the Registrar one-tenth of one per cent of 
the value of the land, the aggregate so received 
to be deposited with and invested by the Countj' 
Treasurer, and reserved as an indemnitj' fund 
for the reimbursement of persons sustaining any 
loss through any omission, mistake or malfea- 
sance of the Registrar or his subordinates. The 
advantage claimed for the Torrens system is, 
chiefly, that titles registered thereunder can be 
dealt with more safely, quickly and inexpensively 
than under the old system; it being pos.sible to 
close tlie entire transaction within an hour or 
two, without the need of an abstract of title, 
while (as the law is administered in Cook County) 
the cost of transfer is only §3. It is asserted that 
a title, once registered, can be dealt with almost 
as quickly and cheaply, and quite as safely, as 
shares of stock or registered bonds. 

TOULOX, the county-seat of Stark County, on 
the Peoria & Rock Island Railroad, 37 miles north- 
northwest of Peoria, and 11 miles southeast of 
Galva. Besides the county court- house, the town 
has five churches and a high school, an academy, 
steam granite works, two banks, and two weekly 
papers. Population (1S80), 967; (1890), 94.'); (1900), 
1,0.57. 

TOWEK HILL, a village of Shelby County, on 
the Cleveland, Cincinnati, Chicago & St. Louis 
and the Baltimore & Ohio Southwestern Rail- 
roads, 7 miles east of Pana; has bank, grain ele- 
vators, and coal mine. Pop. (1900). 615. 

TOWNSHEM). Riclianl W., lawyer and Con- 
gressman, was born in Prince George's County, 
Md., April 30, 18-40. Between the ages of 10 
and 18 he attended public and private schools 
at Washington, D. C. In IB.jS he came to 
Illinois, where he began teaching, at the same 
time reading law with S. S. Marshall, at Jle- 
Leansboro, where he was admitted to the bar 



528 



HISTOEICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



in 1862, and where he began practice. From 1863 
to 1868 lie was Circuit Clerk of Hamilton Count}-, 
and, from 1808 to 1873, Prosecuting Attorney for 
the Twelfth Judicial Circuit. In 18T3 he removed 
to Shawneetown, where he became an officer of 
the Gallatin National Bank. From 1C64 to 1875 
he was a member of the Democratic State Cen- 
tral Committee, and a delegate to the National 
Democratic Convention at Baltimore, in 1872. 
For twelve years (1877 to 1889) he represented 
his District in Congress; was re-elected in 1888, 
but died, March 9, 1889, a few days after the 
beginning of his .seventh term. 

TRACY, John M., artist, was born iu Illinois 
about 1842; served in an Illinois regiment during 
the Civil War; studied painting in Paris in 
1866-76 ; established himself as a portrait painter 
in St. Louis and, later, won a high reputation as 
a painter of animals, being regarded as an author- 
ity on the anatomy of the horse and the dog. 
Died, at Ocean Springs, Miss., March 20, 1893. 

TREASURERS. (See State Treasurers.) 

TREAT, Samuel Hubbel, lawyer and jmist, 
was born at Plainfield, Otsego County, N. Y. , 
June 21, 1811, worked on his father's farm and 
studied law at Richfield, where he was admitted 
to practice. In 1834 he came to Springfield, 111. , 
traveling most of the way on foot. Here he 
formed a partnership with George Forquer, who 
had held the offices of Secretary of State and 
Attorney-General. In 1839 he was appointed a 
Circuit Judge, and, on the reorganization of the 
Supreme Court in 1841, was elevated to the 
Supreme bench, being acting Chief Justice at the 
time of the adoption of the Constitution of 1848. 
Having been elected to the Supreme bench under 
the new Constitution, he remained in office until 
March, 18o5, when he resigned to take the i^osi- 
tion of Judge of the United States District Court 
for the Southern District of Illinois, to which he 
had been appointed by President Pierce. This 
position he continued to occupy until his death, 
which occurred at Springfield, March 27, 1887. 
Judge Treafs judicial career was cne of the long- 
est in the history of the State, covering a period 
of forty-eight years, of which fourteen were 
spent upon the Supreme bench, and thirty-two 
in the position of Judge of the United States Dis- 
trict Court. 

TREATIES. {See Greenville, Treaty of ; Indian 
Treaties. ) 

TREE, Lambert, jurist, diplomat and ex-Con- 
gressman, was born in Washington, D. C, Nov. 
29, 1832, of an ancestry distinguished in the War 
of the Revolution. He received a superior clas- 



sical and professional education, and was admit- 
ted to the bar, at Washington, in October, 185-5. 
Removing to Chicago soon afterward, his profes- 
sional career has been chiefly connected with 
that cit}-. In 1864 he was chosen President of 
the Law Institute, and served as Judge of the 
Circuit Court of Cook County, from 1870 to 1875, 
when he resigned. The three following years he 
spent in foreign travel, returning to Chicago in 
1878. In that year, and again in 1880, he was 
the Democratic candidate for Congress from the 
Fourtli Illinois District, but was defeated by his 
Republican opponent. In 1885 he was the candi- 
date of his party for United States Senator, but 
was defeated by John A. Logan, by one vote. In 
1884 he was a member of the National Democratic 
Convention which first nominated Grover Cleve- 
land, and, in Julj', 1885, President Cleveland 
appointed him Minister to Belgium, conferring 
the Russian mission upon him in September, 1888. 
On March 3, 1889, he resigned this post and 
returned home. In 1890 he was appointed by 
President Harrison a Commissioner to the Inter- 
national Monetary Conference at Washington. 
The year before he had attended (although not as 
a delegifte) the International Conference, at Brus- 
sels, looking to the suppression of the slave-trade, 
where he exerted all his influence on the side of 
humanity. In 1892 Belgium conferred upon him 
the distinction of "Councillor of Honor" upon its 
commission to the World's Columbian Exposi- 
tion. In 1896 Judge Tree was one of the most 
earnest opponents of the free-silver policy, and, 
after the Spanish- American War, a zealous advo- 
cate of the policy of retaining the territory 
acquired from .Spain. 

TR EMOXT, a town of Tazewell County, on the 
Peoria Division of the Cleveland, Cincinnati, 
Chicago & St. Louis Railway, 9 miles southeast 
of Pekin; has two banks, two telephone 
exchanges, and one newspaper. Pop. (1900), 768. 

TRENTON, a town of Clinton County, on the 
Baltimore & Ohio Southwestern Railway, 31 miles 
east of St. Louis; in agricultural district; has 
creamery, milk condensery, two coal mines, six 
churches, a public school and one newspaper. 
Pop. (1890), 1,384; (1900), 1,706; (1904), about 3,000. 

TROY, a village of Madison County, on the 
Terre Haute & Indianapolis railroad, 31 miles 
northeast of St. Louis ; has churches, a bank and 
a newspaper. Pop. (1900), 1,080. 

TRUITT, James Madison, lawyer and soldier, 
a native of Trimble County, Ky., was born Feb. 
12, 1842, but lived in Illinois since 1843, his father 
having settled near CarroUton that year; was 



HISTORICAL E^•CYC•LOPEDIA OF ILLIXOIS. 



529 



educated at Hillsboro ami at McKendree College ; 
enlisted in the One liuiulred and Seventeenth 
Illinois Volunteers in 1802, and was promoted 
from the ranks to Lieutenant. After the war he 
studied law with Jesse J. Phillij)s, now of the 
Supreme Court, and, in 1872, was elected to the 
Twenty -eighth General Assembly, and, in 1888, a 
Presidential Elector on the Republican ticket. 
Mr. Truitt has been twice a prominent but unsuc- 
cessful candidate for the Republican nomination 
for Attorney-General. Ilis home is at Hillsboro, 
where he is engaged in the practice of his profes- 
sion. Died July 26, 1900. 

TRUMBl'LL, Lyman, statesman, was born at 
Colchester, Conn., Oct. 12, 1813, descended from 
a historical family, being a grand-nephew of 
Gov. Jonathan Trumbull, of Connecticut, from 
whom the name "Brother Jonathan" was derived 
as an appellation for Americans. Having received 
an academic education in his native town, at the 
age of 16 he began teaching a district school near 
his home, went South four years later, and en- 
gaged in teaching at Greenville, Ga. Here he 
studied law with Judge Hiram Warner, after- 
wards of the Supreme Court, and was admitted to 
the bar in 1837. Leaving Georgia the same year, he 
came to Illinois on horseback, visiting Vandalia, 
Belleville, Jacksonville, Springfield, Tremontand 
La Salle, and linally reaching Chicago, then a 
village of four or five thousand inhabitants. At 
Jacksonville he obtained a license to practice 
from Judge Lockwood, and, after visiting Michi- 
gan and his native State, he settled at Belleville, 
which continued to be his home for twenty years. 
His entrance into public life began with his elec- 
tion as Representative in the General Assembly 
in 1840. This was followed, in February, 1841, 
by his appointment by Governor Carlin. Secre- 
tary of State, as the successor of Stephen A. 
Douglas, who, after holding the position only two 
mouths, had resigned to accept a seat on tho 
Sujireme bench. Here he remained two years, 
when he was removed by Governor Ford, llarch 
4, 1843, but, five years later (1848), was elected a 
Justice of the Supreme Court, was re-elected in 
18.52, but resigned in 18.")3 on account of impaired 
health. A year later (18.54) he was elected to 
Congre.ss from the Belleville District as an anti- 
Nebnaska Democrat, but, before taking his seat, 
was promoted to the United States Senate, as the 
successor of General Shields in the memorable con- 
test of 1855, which resulted in the defeat of Abra- 
ham Lincoln. Senator Trumbull's career of 
eighteen years in the L'nited States Senate (being 
re-elected in 1861 and 1867) is one of the most 



memorable in the history of that body, covering, 
as it does, the whole historj- of the war for the 
Union, and the period of reconstruction which 
followed it. During this period, as Chairman of 
the Senate Committee on Judiciarj', he had more 
to do in shaping legislation on war and recon- 
struction measures than any other single member 
of that body. While he disagreed with a large 
majority of his Republican associates on the (jues- 
^ tion of Andrew Johnson's imi)eachment, he was 
always found in sympathy with them on the vital 
(juestions affecting the war and restoration of the 
Union. The Civil Rights Bill and Freedmen's 
Bureau Bills were shaped by his hand. In 1872 
he joined in the "'Liberal Republican" movement 
and afterwards co-operated with the Democratic 
party, being their candidate for Governor in 
1880. From 1803 his home was in Chicago, 
where, after retiring from the Senate, he con- 
tinued in the practice of his profession until his 
death, which occurred in that city, June 25, 18i»6. 
TUG MILLS. These were a sort of primitive 
machine used in grinding corn in Territorial and 
early State days. The mechanism consisted of an 
upright shaft, into the upper end of which were 
fastened bars, resembling those in the capstan of 
a ship. Into the outer end of each of these bars 
was driven a pin. A belt, made of a broad strip 
of ox-hide, twisted into a sort of rope, was 
stretched around these pins and wrapped twice 
around a circular piece of wood called a trundle 
head, through which passed a perpendicular flat 
bar of iron, which turned the mill-stone, usually 
about eighteen inches in diameter. From the 
upright shaft projected a beam, to which were 
hitched one or two horses, which furnished the 
motive power. Oxen were sometimes employed 
as motive power in lieu of horses. These rudi- 
mentary contrivances were capable of grinding 
about twelve bushels of corn, each, per day. 

Tl'LEY, Murray Floyd, lawyer and jurist, was 
born at Louisville, Ky., March 4, 1827, of English 
extraction and descended from the early settlers 
of Virginia. His father died in 1832, and. eleven 
years later, his mother, having married Col. 
Richard J. Hamilton, for many years a prominent 
lawyer of Chicago, removed with her family to 
that city. Young Tuley began reading law with 
his step-father and completed his studies at the 
Louisville I^aw Institute in 1847, the same year 
being admitted to the bar in Chicago. About the 
same time he enlisted in the Fifth Illinois Volun- 
teers for service in the Mexican War, and was 
commissioned First Lieutenant. The war having 
ended, he settled at Santa Fe, N. M., where he 



530 



HISTOEICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLIXOIS. 



practiced law, also served as Attorney-General 
and in tlie Territorial Legislature. Returning to 
Chicago in 1854, he was associated in practice, 
successively, with Andrew Harvie, Judge Garj- 
and J. N. Barker, and finally as bead of the firm 
of Tuley, Stiles & Lewis. From 1869 to 1873 he 
was Corporation Counsel, and diu'ing this time 
framed the General Incorporation Act for Cities, 
under which the City of Chicago was reincor- 
porated. In 1879 he was elevated to the bench 
of the Circuit Court of Cook County, and re- 
elected every six years thereafter, his last election 
being in 1897. He is now serving his fourth 
term, some ten years of his incumbency having 
been spent in the capacity of Chief Justice. 

TUNMCLIFFE, Damon G., lawyer and jurist, 
was born in Herkimer County, N. Y., August 30, 
1829; at the age of 20, emigrated to Illinois, set- 
tling in Vermont, Fulton County, wliere, for a 
time, he was engaged in mercantile pursuits. He 
subsequently studied law, and was admitted to 
the bar in 18.53. In 1854 he established himself 
at Macomb, McDonough County, where he built 
up a large and lucrative practice. In 1808 he 
was chosen Presidential Elector on the Repub- 
lican ticket, and, from February to June, 1885, 
by appointment of Governor Oglesby, occupied a 
seat on the bench of the Supreme Court, vice 
Pinkney H. Walker, deceased, who had been one 
of his first professional preceptors. 

TURCHIX, John Basil (Ivan Vasilevitch Tur- 
chinoff), soldier, engineer and author, was born 
in Russia, Jan. 30, 1822. He graduated from the 
artillery school at St. Petersburg, in 1841, and 
was commissioned ensign ; participated in the 
Hungarian campaign of 1849, and, in 1852, was 
assigned to the staff of the Imperial Guards: 
served through the Crimean "War, rising to the 
rank of Colonel, and being made senior staff 
officer of the active corps. In 1856 he came to 
this country, settling in Chicago, and, for five 
years, was in the service of the Illinois Central 
Railway Company as topographical engineer. In 
1861 he was commissioned Colonel of the Nine- 
teenth Illinois Volunteers, and, after leading his 
regiment in Missouri, Kentucky and Alabama, 
was, on July 7, 1862, promoted to a Brigadier- 
Generalship, being attached to the Army of the 
Cumberland until 1864, when he resigned. After 
the war he was, for six years, solicitor of patents 
at Chicago, but, in 1873, returned to engineering. 
In 1879 he established a Polish colony at Radom, 
in Washington County, in this State, and settled 
as a farmer. He is an occasional contributor to 
the press, writing usually on military or scientific 



subjects, and is the author of the "Campaign and 
Battle of Chickamauga" (Chicago, 1888). 

TURNER (now WEST CHIC.VGO), a town and 
manufacturing center in Winfield Township, Du 
Page County, 30 miles west of Chicago, at tlie 
junction of two divisions of the Chicago, Burling- 
ton & Quincy, the Elgin, Joliet & Eastern and the 
Cliicago & Northwestern Railroads. The town 
has a rolling mill, manufactories of wagons and 
pumps, and railroad repair shops. It also has five 
churches, a graded school, and two newspapers. 
Pop. (IflOO), 1,877; with suburb, 2,270. 

TURNER, (Col.) Henry I., soldier and real- 
estate operator, was born at Oberlin, Ohio, 
August 26, 1845, and received a part of his edu- 
cation in the college there. During the Civil 
War he served as First Lieutenant in the One 
Hundred and Fiftieth Ohio Volunteers, and 
later, with the .same rank in a colored regiment, 
taking part in the operations about Richmond, 
the capture of Fort Fisher, of Wilmington and of 
Gen. Joe Johnston's armj'. Coming to Chi- 
cago after the close of the war, he became con- 
nected with the business ofl3ce of "The Advance," 
but later was employed in the banking house of 
Jay Cooke & Co., in Philadelphia. On the failure 
of that concern, in 1872, he returned to Chicago 
and bought "The Advance," which he conducted 
some two years, when he sold out and engaged in 
the real estate business, with which he has since 
been identified — being President of the Chicago 
Real Estate Board in 1888. He has also been 
President of the Western Publishing Company 
and a Trustee of Oberlin College. Colonel Turner 
is an enthusiastic member of the Illinois National 
Guard and, on the declaration of vs-ar between the 
United States and Spain, in April, 1898, promptly 
resumed his connection with the First Regiment 
of the Guard, and finally led it to Santiago de 
Cuba during the fighting there — his regiment 
being the onlj' one from Illinois to see actual serv- 
ice in the field during the progress of the war. 
Colonel Turner won the admiration of his com- 
mand and the entire nation by the manner in 
which he discharged his duty. The regiment 
was mustered out at Chicago, Nov. 17, 1898, when 
he retired to private life. 

TURNER, John Biee, Railway President, was 
born at Colchester, Delaware County, N. Y., Jan. 
14, 1799; after a brief business career in his 
native State, he became identified with the con- 
struction and operation of railroads. Among the 
works with which he was thus connected, were 
the Delaware Division of the New York & Erie 
and the Troy & Schenectady Roads. In 1843 he 



lIlSTOiaCAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



531 



came to Chicago, having previouslj- purchased a 
large body of land at Blue Island. In 1S47 he 
joined witli \V. B. Ogden and others, in resusci- 
tating the Cialena & Chicago Union Railway, 
which had been incorporated in 1S36. He became 
President of the Company in 1850, and assisted in 
constructing various sections of road in Northern 
Illinois and Wisconsin, which have since become 
portions of the Chicago & Northwestern system. 
He was also one of the original Directors of the 
North Side Street Railway Company, organized 
in 18.J9. Died, Feb. -..'•!, ISTl. 

Tl'RAEK, Jonathan Uuldnin, educator and 
agriculturist, was born in Templeton, Mass., Dec. 
7, 1805; grew up on a farm and, before reaching 
his majority, began teaching in a country school. 
After spending a short time in an academy at 
Salem, in 1827 he entered the preparattuy depart- 
ment of Yale College, supporting himself, in part, 
by manual labor and teaching in a gjinnasium. 
In 1829 he matriculated in the classical dejiart- 
ment at Yale, graduated in 18;j;5, and the same 
year accepted a position as tutor in Illinois Col- 
lege at Jacksonville, 111., which had been opened, 
three years previous, by the late Dr. J. M. Sturte- 
vant. In the next fourteen j-ears he gave in- 
struction in nearly every branch embraced in the 
college curriculum, though holding, during most 
of this jjeriod. the chair of Rhetoric and English 
Literature. In 1847 he retired from college 
duties to give attention to scientific agriculture, 
in which he had always manifested a deep inter- 
est. The cultivation and sale of the Csage orange 
as a hedge plant now occupied his attention for 
many years, and its successful introduction in 
Illinois and other Western States — where the 
absence of timber rendered some substitute a 
necessity for fencing i)urposes — was largely due 
to his eflforts. At the s;vme time he took a deep 
interest in the cause of practical scientific edu- 
cation for the industrial classes, and, about 18.50, 
began formtdatiug that sj-stem of industrial edu- 
cation which, after twelve j-ears of labor and 
agitation, he had the satisfaction of seeing 
recognized in the act adopted by Congress, and 
approved by President Lincoln, in July, 18{)2, 
making liberal donations of public lands for the 
estaV)lishment of "Industrial Colleges" in the 
several States, out of which grew the L'niversity 
of Illinois at Champaign. While Professor Tur- 
ner liad zealous colaborers in this field, in Illinois 
and elsewhere, to him, more than to any other 
single man in the Nation, belongs the credit for 
this magnificent achievement. (See Education. 
and University of Illinois.) He was also one of 



the chief factors in founding and building up 
the Illinois State Teachers" Association, and the 
State Agricultural and Horticultural Societies. 
His address on "The millennium of Labor," 
delivered at the first State Agricultural Fair at 
Springfield, in 1853, is still remembered as mark- 
ing an era in industrial progress in Illinois. A 
zealous champion of free thought, in both political 
and religious alfairs, he long bore the reproach 
which attached to the radical AboUtiouist, only 
to enjoy, in later years, the respect universally 
accorded to those who had the courage and 
independence to avow their honest convictions. 
Prof. Turner was twice an unsuccessful candidate 
for Congress — once as a Republican and once as 
an "Independent" — and wrote much on political, 
religious and educational topics. The evening of 
an honored and useful life was spent among 
friends in Jacksonville, which was his home for 
more than sixty years, his ilcath taking place in 
that city. .Ian. 10, 189!). at the advanced age of 
93 years.— Mrs. Mary Turner Carrie!, at the pres- 
ent time (1899) one of the Trustees of the Univer- 
sity of Illinois, is Prof. Turner's only daughter. 

TURNER, Thomas J., lawyer and Congress- 
man, born in Trumbull County, Ohio, April 5, 
1815. Leaving home at the age of 18, he spent 
three years in Indiana and in the mining dis- 
tricts about Galena and in Southern Wisconsin, 
locating in Stephenson County, in 1836, where he 
was admitted to the bar in 1.840, and elected 
Probate Judge in 1841. Soon afterwards Gov- 
ernor Ford appointed him Prosecuting Attorney, 
in which capacity he secured the conviction and 
punishment of the murderers of Colonel Daven- 
port. In 1846 he was elected to Congress as a 
Democrat, and, the following year, founded "The 
Prairie Democrat" (afterwanl "The Freeport 
Bulletin"), the first newspajier published in the 
county. Elected to the Legislature in 18.54. he 
was chosen Speaker of the House, the next year 
becoming the fir.st Mayor of Freeport. He was a 
member of the Peace Conference of 1861, and, in 
May of that year, was comjuissioned, by Governor 
Yates, Colonel of the Fifteenth Illinois Volun- 
teers, but resigned in 1862. He served as a mem- 
ber of the Constitutional Convention of 1869-70, 
and. in 1871, was again elected to the Legisla- 
ture, where he received the Democratic caucus 
nomination for United States Senator against 
General Logan. In 1871 he removed to Chicago, 
and was twice an unsuccessful candidate for the 
office of State's Attorney. In February. 1874, he 
went to Hot Springs, Ark., for medical treatment, 
and died there, April 3 following. 



532 



IIISTOEICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



TUSCOLA, a city and the county-seat of 
Douglas County, located at the intersection of the 
Illinois Central and two other trunk lines of rail- 
way, 22 miles south of Champaign, and 36 miles 
east of Decatur. Besides a brick court-house it 
has five churches, a graded school, a national 
bank, two weekly newspapers and two establish- 
ments for the manufacture of carriages and 
wagons. Population (1880), 1,457; (1890), 1,897; 
(1900). 2..'J69. 

TUSCOLA, CHARLESTON & VINCENNES 
RAILROAD. (See Toledo. St. Louis <£• Kansas 
City Ha a road.) 

TUTHILL, Richard Stanley, jurist, was born 
at Vergennes, Jackson County, 111., Nov. 10, 1841. 
After passing through the common schools of his 
native county, he took a preparatory course in a 
high school at St. Louis and in Illinois College, 
Jacksonville, when he entered Jliddlebury Col- 
lege, Vt., graduating there in 1863. Immediately 
thereafter he joined the Federal army at Vicks- 
burg, and, after serving for some time in a com- 
pany of scouts attached to General Logan's 
command, was commissioned a Lieutenant in the 
First Michigan Light Artillery, with which he 
served until the close of the war, meanwhile 
being twice promoted. During this time he was 
with General Sherman in the march to Meridian, 
and in the Atlanta campaign, also took part with 
General Thomas in the operations against the 
rebel General Hood in Tennessee, and in the 
battle of Nashville. Having resigned his com- 
mission in May, 1865, he took up the study of 
law, which he had prosecuted as he had opportu- 
nity while in tlie army, and was admitted to the 
bar at Nashville in 1866, afterwards serving for 
a time as Prosecuting Attorney on the Nashville 
circuit. In 1873 he removed to Chicago, two 
years later was elected City Attorney and re- 
elected in 1877 ; was a delegate to the Republican 
National Convention of 1880 and, in 1884, was 
appointed United States District Attorney for 
the Northern District, serving until 1886. In 
1887 he was elected Judge of the Circuit Court of 
Cook Countj' to fill the vacancy caused by the 
death of Judge Rogers, was re-elected for a full 
term in 1891, and again in 1897. 

TYNDALE, Sharon, Secretary of State, born in 
Philadelphia. Pa.. Jan. 19, 1816; at the age of 17 
came to Belleville, 111., and was engaged for a 
time in mercantile business, later being employed 
in a surveyor's corps under the internal improve- 
ment system of 1837. Having married in 1839, 
he returned soon after to Philadelphia, where he 
engaged in mercantile business with his father; 



then came to Illinois, a .second time.in 1845, .spend- 
ing a year or two in business at Peoria. About 
1847 he returned to Belleville and entered upon a 
course of mathematical study, with a view to 
fitting himself more thoroughly for the profession 
of a civil engineer. In 1851 he graduated in 
engineering at Cambridge, Mass., after which he 
was employed for a time on the Sunbury & Erie 
Railroad, and later on ceitain Illinois railroads. 
In 1857 he was elected County Surveyor of St. 
Clair County, and, in 1861, by appointment of 
President Lincoln, became Postmaster of the city 
of Belleville. He held this position until 1864, 
when he received the Republican nomination for 
Secretary of State and was elected, remaining in 
office four years. He was an earnest advocate, 
and virtually author, of the first act for the regis- 
tration of voters in Illinois, passed at the session 
of 1865. After retiring from office in 1869, he 
continued to reside in Springfield, and was em- 
ployed for a time in the survey of the Gilman, 
Clinton & Springfield Railway — now the Spring- 
field Division of the Illinois Central. At an early 
hour on the morning of April 29, 1871, while 
going from his home to the railroad station at 
Springfield, to take the train for St. Louis, he was 
assassinated upon the street by shooting, as sup- 
posed for the purpose of robbery — his dead body 
being found a few hours later at the scene of the 
tragedy. Mr. Tyndale was a brother of Gen. 
Hector Tyndale of Pennsylvania, who won a 
high reputation by his services during the war. 
His second wife, who survived him, was a 
daughter of Shadrach Penn, an editor of con- 
siderable reputation who was the contemporary 
and rival of George D. Prentice at Louisville, for 
some years. 

"UNDERGROUND RAILROAD," THE. A 
history of Illinois would be incomplete without 
reference to the unique system which existed 
there, as in other Northern States, from forty to 
seventy years ago, known by the somewhat mys- 
terious title of "The Underground Railroad." 
The origin of the term has been traced (probably 
in a spirit of facetiousness) to the expression of 
a Kentucky planter who, having pursued a fugi- 
tive slave across the Ohio River, was so surprised 
by his sudden disappearance, as soon as he had 
reached the opposite shore, that he was led to 
remark, "The nigger must have gone off on an 
underground road." From "underground road" 
to "underground railroad," the transition would 
appear to have been easy, especially in view of 
the increased facility with which the work was 
performed wlien railroads came into use. For 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



533 



readers of the present generation, it may be well 
to explain what "The Underground Kailroad"' 
really was. It may be defined as the figurative 
apjiellation for a spontaneous movement in the 
free States — extending, sometimes, into the 
slave States themselves — to assist slaves in their 
efforts to escape fi'om bondage to freedom. The 
movement dates back to a jjeriod close to the 
Revolutionary War, long before it received a 
definite name. Assistance given to fugitives 
from one State by citizens of another, bec^ame a 
cause of complaint almost as soon as the Govern- 
ment was organized. In fact, the first President 
liimself lost a slave who took refuge at Ports- 
mouth, N. n., where the public sentiment was 
so strong against his return, that the patriotic 
and philosophic "Father of his Country" chose 
to let him remain unmolested, rather than "excite 
a mob or riot, or even uiieasy sensations, in the 
minds of well-disposed citizens." That the mat- 
ter was already one of concern in the minds of 
slaveholders, is shown by the fact that a provision 
was inserted in the Constitution for their concili- 
ation, guaranteeing the return of fugitives from 
labor, as well as from justice, from one State to 
another. 

In 1793 Congress passed the first Fugitive Slave 
Law, which was signed by President Washing- 
ton. This law provided that the owner, his 
agent or attorney, might follow the slave into 
any State or Territory, and, upon oath or affi- 
davit before a court or magistrate, be entitled 
to a warrant for his return. Any person who 
should hinder the arrest of the fugitive, or who 
should harbor, aid or assi.st him. knowing him 
to be such, w;is subject to a fine of $.jOO for each 
offense. — In 18.")0, fifty-seven years later, the first 
act having proved inefficacious, or conditions 
having changed, a second and more stringent 
law was enacted. This is the one usually referred 
to in discussions of the subject. It provided for 
an increased fine, not to exceed §1,000, and im- 
pri.sonment not exceeding six months, with 
liability for civil damages to the party injured. 
No proof of ownership was reciuired beyond the 
statement of a claimant, and the accused was not 
permitted to testify for himself. The fee of the 
United States Commissioner, before whom the 
case was tried, was ten dollars if he found for 
the claimant: if not, five dollars. This seemed 
to many an indirect form of briliery: clearly, it 
made it to the Judge's jiecuniary advantage to 
decide in favor of the claimant. The law made 
it ix)ssible and easy for a white man to arrest, 
and carry into slavery, any free negro who -could 



not immediately prove, by other witnesses, that 
he was born free, or had purchased his freedom. 

Instead of discouraging the disposition, on 
the part of the opponents of slavery, to aid fugi- 
tives in their efforts to reach a region where 
they would be secure in their freedom, the effect 
of the Fugitive Slave Law of 1830 (as that of 1793 
had been in a smaller degree) was the very oppo- 
site of that intended by its authors — unless, 
indeed, they meant to make matters worse. The 
provisions of the act seemed, to many people, so 
unfair, so one-sided, tliat they rebelled in spirit 
and refused to be made parties to its enforce 
ment. The law aroused the anti-slavery senti- 
ment of the North, and stimulated the active 
friends of the fugitives to take greater risks in 
their behalf. New efforts on the part of the 
slaveholders were met by a determination to 
evade, hinder and nullify the law. 

And here a strange anomaly is presented. The 
slaveholder, in attempting to recover his slave, 
was acting within his constitutional and legal 
rights. The slave was his property in law. He 
had purchased or inherited his bondman on the 
.same plane with his horse or his land, and, apart 
from the riglit to hold a human being in bond- 
age, regarded his legal rights to the one as good 
as the other. From a legal standpoint his posi- 
tion was impregnable. The slave was his, repre- 
senting so much of money value, and whoever 
was instrumental in the loss of that slave was, 
both theoretically and technically, a partner in 
robbery. Therefore he looked on "The Under- 
ground Railway" as the work of thieves, and en- 
tertained bitter hatred toward all concerned in its 
operation. On the other hand, men who were, 
in all other respects, good citizens — often relig- 
iously devout and pillars of the church — became 
bold and flagrant violators of the law in relation 
to this sort of projierty. They set at nought a 
jjlain provision of the Constitution and the act of 
Congre.ss for its enforcement. Without hope of 
personal gain or reward, at the risk of fine and 
imprisonment, with the certainty of social ostra- 
cism and bitter opix)sition, they harbored the 
fugitive and heljied him forward on every 
occasion. And whj-? Because they saw in him 
a man. with the same inherent right to "life, 
liberty and the pursuit of happiness" that they 
themselves possessed. To them this was a higher 
law than any Legislature, State or National, could 
enact. Tliej' denied that there could be truly 
such a thing as property in man. Believing that 
the law violated human rights, thej- justified 
themselves in rendering it null and void. 



534 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



For the most part, the "Underground Rail- 
road" operators and promoters were plain, 
obscure men, without hope of fame or desire for 
notoriety. Yet there were some whose names 
are conspicuous in history, such as Wendell 
Phillips, Thomas Wentwortu Higginson and 
Theodore Parker of Massachusetts ; Gerrit Smith 
and Thurlow Weed of New York: Joshua R. 
Giddings of Ohio, and Owen Lovejoy of Illinois. 
These had their followers and sympathizers in 
all tlie Northern States, and even in some por- 
tions of tlie South. It is a curious fact, that 
some of the most active spirits connected with 
the "Underground Railroad"' were natives of the 
South, or liad resided there long enough to 
become thoroughly acquainted with the "insti- 
tution." Levi Coffin, who had the reputation of 
being the "President of the Underground Rail- 
road" — at least so far as the region west of the 
Ohio was concerned — was an active operator on 
the line in North Carolina before his removal 
from that State to Indiana in 1826. Indeed, as a 
system, it is claimed to have had its origin at 
Guilford College, in the "Old North State" in 
1819, though the evidence of this may not be 
conclusive. 

Owing to the peculiar nature of their business, 
no official reports were made, no lists of officers, 
conductors, station agents or operators preserved, 
and few records kept wliich are now accessible. 
Consequently, we are dependent chiefly upon the 
personal recollection of individual 02Jerators for 
a history of their transactions. Each station on 
the road was the house of a "friend" and it is 
significant, in this connection, that in every 
settlement of Friends, or Quakers, there was 
sure to be a house of refuge for the slave. For 
this reason it was, perhaps, that one of the most 
frequently traveled lines extended from Vir- 
ginia and Maryland through Eastern Pennsyl- 
vania, and then on towards New York or directly 
to Canada. From the proximity of Ohio to 
Virginia and Kentucky, and the fact that it 
offered the shortest route through free soil to 
Canada, it was traversed by more lines than any 
other State, although ' Indiana was pretty 
thoroughly "grid ironed" by roads to freedom. 
In all. however, the routes were irregular, often 
zigzag, for purposes of security, and the "con- 
ductor" was any one who conveyed fugitives from 
one station to another The "train" was sonie- 
times a farm-wagon, loaded with produce for 
market at some town (or depot) on the line, fre- 
quently a closed carriage, and it is related that 
once, in Ohio, a number of carriages conveying 



a large party, were made to represent a funeral 
procession. Occasionally the train ran on foot, 
for convenience of side-tracking into the woods 
or a cornfield, in case of pursuit by a wild loco- 
motive. 

Then, again, there were not wanting lawyers 
who, in case the operator, conductor or station 
agent got into trouble, were ready, without fee or 
reward, to defend either him or his human 
freight in the courts. These included such 
names of national repute as Salmon P. Chase, 
Thaddeus Stevens, Charles Sumner, William H, 
Seward, Rutherford B. Hayes, Richard H. Dana, 
and Isaac N. Arnold, while, taking the whole 
country over, their "name was legion." And 
there were a few men of wealth, like Thomas 
Garrett of Delaware, willing to contribute money 
by thousands to their assistance. Although 
technically acting in violation of law — or, as 
claimed by themselves, in obedience to a "higher 
law" — the time has already come when there is a 
disposition to look upon the actors as, in a certain 
sense, heroes, and their deeds as fitly belonging 
to the field of romance. 

The most comprehensive collection of material 
relating to the liistory of this movement has 
been furnished in a recent volume entitled, "The 
Underground Railroad from Slavery to Free- 
dom," by Prof. Wilbur H. Siebert, of Ohio State 
University ; and, while it is not wholly free from 
errors, both as to individual names and facts, it 
will probably remain as the best compilation of 
history bearing on this subject — especially as the 
principal actors are fast passing away. One of 
the interesting features of Prof. Siebert's book is 
a map purporting to give the principal routes 
and stations in the States northwest of the Ohio, 
yet the accuracy of this, as well as the correct- 
ness of personal names given, has been questioned 
by some best informed on the subject. As 
might be expected from its geographical position 
between two slave States — Kentucky and Mis- 
souri — on the one hand, and the lakes offering a 
highway to Canada on the other, it is naturally 
to be assumed that Illinois would be an attract- 
ive field, both for the fugitive and his sympa- 
thizer. 

The period of greatest activity of the system in 
this State was between 1840 and 1861 — the latter 
being the year when the pro-slavery part}' in the 
South, by their attempt forcibly to dissolve the 
Union, took the business out of the hands of the 
secret agents of the "Underground Railroad," 
and — in a certain sense— placed it in the hands 
of the Union armies. It was in 1841 that Abra- 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



535 



ham Lincoln — then a conservative opponent of 
the extension of slavery— on an appeal from a 
judgment, rendered by the Circuit Court in Taze- 
well County, in favor of the liolder of a note 
given for the service of the indenturoil slave- 
girl "Nance," obtained a decision from the 
Supreme Court of Illinois upholding the doctrine 
that the girl was free under the Ordinance of 
1787 and the State Constitution, and that the 
note, given to the person who claimed to be her 
owner, was void. And it is a somewhat curious 
coincidence that the same Abraham Lincoln, as 
President of the United States, in the second 
year of tlie War of the Rebellion, issued tlie 
Proclamation of Emancipation which finally 
resulted in striking the shackles from tlie limbs 
of every skive in the Union. 

In the practical operation of aiding fugitives 
in Illinois, it was natural that the towns along 
tlie border upon the Ohio and Jli.ssissipjii Rivers, 
should have served as a sort of entrepots, or 
initial stations, for the reception of this class of 
freight — especially if adjacent to some anti- 
slavery community. This was the case at Ches- 
ter, from which access was easy to Sparta, where 
a colony of Covenanters, or Seceders, was 
located, and whence a route extended, by way of 
Oakdale, Nashville and Centralia, in the direction 
of Chicago. Alton offered convenient access to 
Bond County, where there was a community of 
anti-slavery people at an early day, or the fugi- 
tives could be forwarded northward by way of 
Jerseyville, Waverly and Jacksonville, about 
each of which there was a strong anti-slavery 
sentiment. Quincy, in spite of an intense hos- 
tility among the mass of the community to any- 
thing savoring of abolitionism, became the 
theater of great activity on the part of the 
opponents of the institution, especially after the 
advent th«re of Dr. David Nelson and Dr. Rich- 
ard Eells, both of whom had rendered tliemselves 
obnoxious to the people of Mi.s.souri by extending 
aid to fugitives. The former was a j)ractical 
abolitionist who. having freed his slaves in his 
native State of Virginia, removed to Missouri and 
attempted to establish Marion College, a few miles 
from Palmyra, but was soon driven to Illinois. 
Locating near Quincy, he founded the "Mission 
Institute" there, at which lie continued to dis- 
seminate his anti-slavery views, while educating 
young men for missionary work. The "In.sti- 
tute" was finallj- burned by emiss;iries from ilis- 
souri, while three young men who had lieen 
connected with it, having been caught in Mis- 
souri, were condemned to twelve years' confine- 



ment in the penitent iarj- of that State — partly on 
the testimony of a negro, although a negro was 
not then a legal witness in the courts against a 
white man. Dr. Eells was prosecuted before 
Stephen A. Douglas tthen a Judge of the Circuit 
Court), and fined for aiding a fugitive to escape, 
and the judgment against him was finally con- 
firmed by the Supreme Court after his death, in 
1852, ten years after the original indictment. 

A map in Professor Siebert's book, showing the 
routes and principal stations of the "Undergound 
Railroad," makes mention of the following places 
in Illinois, in addition to those already referred 
to: Carlinville, in JIacoupin County; Paj-son 
and Mendon, in Adams; 'Washington, in Taze- 
well ; Metamora, in Woodford ; JIagnolia, in Put- 
nam; Galesburg, in Knox; Princeton (the home 
of Owen Lovejoy and the Bryants), in Bureau; 
and many more. Ottawa appears to have been 
the meeting point of a number of lines, as well 
as the home of a strong colony of practical al>o- 
litionists. Cairo also became an imj)ortant 
transfer station for fugitives arriving by river, 
after the completion of the Illinois Central Rail- 
road, especially as it offered the speediest way of 
reaching Chicago, towards which nearly all the 
lines converged. It was here that the fugitives 
could be most safely disposed of by placing them 
upon vessels, which, without stopping at inter- 
mediate ports, could soon land them on Canadian 
soil. 

As to methods, these differed according to cir- 
cumstances, the emergencies of the occasion, or 
the taste, convenience or resources of the oper- 
ator. Deacon Levi Morse, of Woodford County, 
near Metamora, had a route towards Magnolia. 
Putnam Countj'; and his favorite "car" was a 
farm wagon in which there was a double bottom. 
The passengers were snugly i)laced below, and 
grain sacks, filled with bran or other light material, 
were laid over, so that the whole i)resented the 
appearance of an ordinary load of grain on its 
way to market. The same was true as to stations 
and routes. One, who was an operator, says: 
"Wherever an abolitionist happened on a fugi- 
tive, or the converse, there was a station, for the 
time, and the route was to the next anti-slavery 
man to the east or the north. As a general rule, 
the agent preferred not to know anything beyond 
the operation of his own immediate .section of the 
road. If he knew nothing about the operations 
of another, and the other knew nothing of his, 
they could not be witnesses in court. 

We have it on the authority of Judge Harvey B. 
Hurd, of Chicago, that runaways were usually 



536 



HISTORICAL EXCYCLOPEDIA- OF ILLINOIS. 



forwarded from that city to Canada by way of the 
Lakes, there being several steamers available for 
that purpose. On one occasion thirteen were 
put aboard a vessel under the eyes of a United 
States Marshal and his deputies. The fugitives, 
secreted in a woodshed, one by one took the 
places of colored stevedores carrying wood 
aboard the ship. Possibly the term, "There's a 
nigger in the woodpile," may have originated in 
this incident. Thirteen was an "unlucky num- 
ber" in this instance — for the masters. 

Among the notable trials for assisting runaways 
in violation of the Fugitive Slave Law, in addi- 
tion to the case of Dr. Eells, already mentioned, 
were those of Owen Lovejoy of Princeton, and 
Deacon Gushing of Will County, both of whom 
were defended by Judge James Collins of Chi- 
cago. John Hossack and Dr. Joseph Stout of 
Ottawa, with some half-dozen of their neighbors 
and friends, were tried at Ottawa, in 1859, for 
assisting a fugitive and acquitted on a techni- 
cality. A strong array of attorneys, afterwards 
widely known through the northern part of the 
State, appeared for the defense, including Isaac 
N. Arnold, Joseph Knox, B. C. Cook, J. V. Eus- 
tace, Edward S. Leland and E. C. Larned. Joseph 
T. Morse, of Woodford County, was also arrested, 
taken to Peoria and committed to jail, but 
acquitted on trial. 

Another noteworthy case was tliat of Dr. 
Samuel Willard (now of Chicago) and his father, 
Julius A. Willard, charged with assisting in the 
escape &f a fugitive at Jacksonville, in 1843, when 
the Doctor was a student in Illinois College. 
"The National Corporation Rei^orter, " a few 
years ago, gave an account of this affair, together 
with a letter from Dr. Willard, in wliich he states 
that, after protracted litigation, during which 
the case was carried to the Supreme Court, it was 
ended by his pleading guilty before Judge Samuel 
D. Lockwood. when he was fined one dollar and 
costs -the latter amounting to twenty dollars. 
The Doctor frankly adds: "My father, as well 
as myself, helped many fugitives afterwards." 
It did not always happen, however, that offenders 
escaped so easily. 

Judge Harvey B. Hard, already referred to, 
and an active anti-slavery man in the days of the 
Fugitive Slave Law. relates the following^ Once, 
when the trial of a fugitive was going on before 
Justice Kercheval, in a room on the second floor 
of a two-story frame building on Clark Street in 
the city of Chicago, the crowd in attendance 
filled the room, the stairway and the adjoining 
sidewalk. In some way the prisoner got mixed 



in with the audience, and passed down over the 
heads of those on the stairs, where the officers 
were unable to follow. 

In another case, tried before United States 
Commissioner Geo. W. Meeker, the result was 
made to hinge upon a point in the indictment to 
the effect that the fugitive was "copper-colored." 
The Commissioner, as the story goes, being in- 
clined to favor public sentiment, called for a large 
copper cent, that he might make comparison. 
The decision was, that the prisoner was "off 
color," so to speak, and he was hustled out of the 
room before the officers could re-arrest him, as 
they had been in.structed to do. 

Dr. Samuel Willard, in a review of Professor 
Sieberfs book, published in "The Dial" of Chi 
cago, makes mention of Henry Irving and Will- 
iam Chauncey Carter as among his active allies 
at Jacksonville, with Rev. Bilious Pond and 
Deacon Lyman of Farmington (near the present 
village of Farmingdale in Sangamon County), 
Luther Ransom of Springfield, Andrew Borders 
of Randolph County, Joseph Gerrish of Jersey 
and William T. Allan of Henry, as their coadju- 
tors in other parts of the State. Other active 
agents or promoters, in the same field, included 
such names as Dr. Charles V. Dyer, Philo Carpen- 
ter, Calvin De Wolf, L. C. P. Freer, Zebina East- 
man. James H. Collins, Harvey B. Hurd, J. Young 
Scammon, Col. J. F. Farusworth and others of 
Chicago, whose names have alreadj' been men- 
tioned; Rev. Asa Turner, Deacon Ballard, J. K. 
Van Dorn and Erastus Benton, of Quincy and 
Adams County; President Rufus Blanehard of 
Knox College, Galesburg; John Leeper of Bond; 
the late Prof. J. B. Turner and Elihu Wolcott of 
Jacksonville; Capt. Parker Morse and his four 
sons — Joseph T., Levi P., Parker, Jr., and Mark 
— of Woodford County ; Rev. William Sloane of 
Randolph ; William Strawn of La Salle, besides a 
host who were willing to aid their fellow men in 
their aspirations to freedom, without advertising 
their own exploits. 

Among the incidents of "Underground Rail- 
road" in Illinois is one which had some importance 
politically, having for its climax a dramatic scene 
in Congress, but of which, so far as known, no 
full account has ever been written. About IS.'JS, 
Ejjhraim Lombard, a Mississippi planter, but a 
New Englander by birth, purchased a large body 
of prairie land in tlie northeastern part of Stark 
County, and, taking up his residence temporarih' 
in the village of Bradford, began its improve- 
ment. He had brought with him from Mississippi 
a negro, graj'-haired and bent with age, a slave 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



537 



of probably no great value. "Old Mose, " as he 
was called, soon came to be well known and a 
favorite in the neighborhood. Lombard boldly 
stated that he hail brought him there as a slave ; 
that, by virtue of the Dred Scott decision (then 
of recent date), he had a constitutional right to 
take bis slaves wherever he pleased, and that 
"Old Mose" was just as much his property in 
Illinois as in Mississippi. It soon became evident 
to some, that bis bringing of the negro to Illinois 
was an experiment to test the law and the feel- 
ings of the Northern people. Tliis being the case, 
a shrewd play would have been to let him have 
his way till other slaves should have been 
brought to stock the new plantation But this 
was too slow a jtrocess for the abolitionists, to 
whom the holding of a slave in tlie free State of 
Illinois appeared an unbearable outrage. It was 
feared that he might take the old negro back to 
Mississippi and f;ul to bring any others. It was 
reported, al.so, that "Old Mose" was ill-treated; 
that he was given only the coarsest food in a 
back shed, as if he were a horse or a dog. instead 
of being permitted to eat at table with the family. 
The prairie citizen of that time was very par- 
ticular upon this point of etiquette. The hired 
man or woman, debarred from the table of his or 
her employer, would not have remained a day. 
A quiet consultation with "Old Mose" revealed 
the fact that he would hail the gift of freedom 
joyously. Accordingly, one Peter Risedorf, and 
another equally daring, met him by the light of 
the stars and, before morning, he was placeil in 
the c<vre of Owen Lovejoy, at Princeton, twenty 
miles away. From there he was sjieedily 
"franked" by the member of Congress to friends 
in Canada. 

There was a great commotion in Bradford over 
the "stealing" of "Old Mose." Lombard and his 
friends denounced the act in terms bitter and 
profane, and threatened vengeance upon the jier- 
petrators. The conductors were known only to a 
few, and they kept their secret well. Lovejoy "s 
part in the affair, however, soon leaked out. 
Lombard returned to Mississippi, where lie 
related his experiences to Mr. Singleton, the 
Rei)resentative in Congress from his district. 
During the next session of Congress, Singleton 
took occasion, in a speech, to sneer at Lovejoy as a 
"nigger-stealer, " citing the case of "Old Mose." 
Mr. Lovejoy replied in his usual fervid and 
dramatic style, making a speech which ensured 
Ills election to Congress for life — "Is it desired to 
call attention to this fact of my a.ssisting fugitive 
slaves?'' he said. "Owen Lovejoy lives at Prince- 



ton, 111., three-quarters of a mile east of the 
village, and he aids every slave that comes to his 
door and asks it. Thou invisible Demon of 
Slavery, dost thou think to cross my humble 
threshold and forbid me to give bread to the 
hungry and shelter to the homelessV I bid you 
deliance, in the name of my Godl" 

AVith another incident of an amusing charac- 
ter this article may be closed: Hon. J. Young 
Scammon, of Chicago, being accused of conniving 
at the escape of a slave from officers of the law, 
was asked by the court what he would do if sum- 
moned as one of a posse to pursue and cai^ture a 
fugitive. "I would certainly obey the summons," 
he replied, "but — I sliould probably stub my toe 
and fall down before I reached him." 

Note.— Those who wish to pursue the subject of the 
"InderKround Kailroad " in lihuois further, are referred 
to tlie work of Dr. Siebert, already mentioned, and to the 
various County Histories wliith have been issued and may 
be found in tlie pubUe libraries; also for interesting Inci- 
dents, to '■ Keinlulscences of Levi Cotlln," Johnson's 
"From Dixie to Canada." Petifs Sketches, "Still, i:nder- 
ground Kailroad," and a pamphlet of the same title by 
James II. I'alrcliild, ex-President of Oberliu College. 

UNDERWOOD, Williaiu H., lawyer, legislator 
and juri.st, was born at Schoharie Court House, 
N. Y., Feb. 21, 181S, and. after admission to the 
bar, removed to Belleville, 111., where he began 
practice in 1840. The following year he was 
elected State's Attorney, and reelected in 1843. 
In 1846 he was chosen a member of the lower 
bouse of the General Assembly, and, in 1848-54, 
sat as Judge of tlie Second Circuit. During this 
period lie declined a nomination to Congress, 
altliougli equivalent to an election. In 1850 he 
was elected State Senator, and re-elected in 1860. 
He was a member of the Constitutional Conven- 
tion of 1809-70, and, in 1870, was again elected to 
the Senate, retiring to private life in 1872. Died, 
Sept. 2;i. 1875. 

I'MOX COrXTT, one of the fifteen counties 
into wliich Illinois was divided at the time of its 
admiijsion as a State — having been organized, 
under the Territorial Government, in Januarj-. 
1818. It is situated in the southern division of 
the State, bounded on the west by the Mississippi 
River, and has an area of 400 square miles. The 
eiistern and interior portions are drained by the 
Cache River and Clear Creek. The western part 
of the county comprises the broad, rich bottom 
lands lying along the Mis.si.ssippi. but is subject 
to frequent overflow, while the eastern portion is 
liilly. and most of its area originally heavily tim- 
bered. The county is especially rich in minerals. 
Iron-ore, lead, bituminous coal, chalk, alum and 



538 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



potter's clay are found in considerable abun- 
dance. Several lines of rail%vay (the most impor- 
tant being the Illinois Central) either cross or 
tap the county. The chief occupation is agri- 
culture, although manufacturing is carried on to 
a limited extent. Fruit is extensively cultivated. 
Jonesboro is the county-seat, and Cobden and 
Anna important shipping stations. The latter is 
the location of the Southern Hospital for the 
Insane. The population of the county, in 1890, 
was 31,529. Being next to St. Clair, Randolph 
and Gallatin, one of the earliest settled counties 
in the State, many prominent men found their 
first home, on coming into the State, at Jones- 
boro, and this region, for a time, exerted a strong 
influence in public affairs. Pop. (1900), 22,610. 

ITIVION LEAGUE OF AMERICA, a secret poUt- 
ical and patriotic order vvliich had its origin 
early in the late Civil War, for the avowed pur- 
pose of sustaining the cause of the Union and 
counteracting the machinations of the secret 
organizations designed to promote the success of 
the Rebellion. Tlie first regular Council of the 
order was organized at Pekin, Tazewell County, 
June 25, 1863, consisting of eleven members, as 
follows: John W. Glasgow, Dr. D. A. Cheever, 
Hart Montgomery, JIaj. Richard N. Cullom 
(father of Senator Cullom), Alexander Small, 
Rev. J. W. M. Vernon, George H. Harlow (after- 
ward Secretary of State), Charles Turner, Col. 
Jonathan Merriam, Henry Pratt and L. F. Gar- 
rett. One of the number was a Union refugee 
from Tennessee, who dictated the first oath from 
memory, as administered to members of a some- 
what similar order which had been organized 
among the Unionists of his own State. It sol- 
emnly pledged the taker, (1) to preserve invio- 
late the secrets and business of the order; (3) to 
"support, maintain, protect and defend the civil 
liberties of the Union of these United States 
against all enemies, either domestic or foreign, 
at all times and under all circumstances, " even 
"if necessary, to the sacrifice of life"; (3) to aid 
in electing only true Union men to offices of 
trust in the town, county, State and General 
Government; (4) to assi.st, protect and defend 
any member of the order who might be in peril 
from his connection with the order, and (5) to 
obey all laws, rules or regulations of any Council 
to which the taker of the oath might be attached. 
The oath was taken upon the Bible, the Decla- 
ration of Independence and Constitution of the 
United States, the taker pledging his sacred 
honor to its fulfillment. A special reason for the 
organization existed in the activity, about this 



time, of the "Knights of the Golden Circle," a 
disloyal organization which had been introduced 
from the South, and which afterwards took the 
name, in the North, of "American Knights" and 
"Sons of Liberty. " (See Secret Treasonable Soci- 
eties.) Three months later, the organization had 
extended to a number of other counties of the 
State and, on the 25th of September following, 
the first State Council met at Bloomington — 
twelve counties being represented — and a State 
organization was effected. At this meeting the 
following general officers were chosen: Grand 
President — Judge Mark Bangs, of Marshall 
County (now of Chicago); Grand Vice-President 
— Prof. Daniel Wilkin, of McLean ; Grand Secre- 
tary — George H. Harlow, of Tazewell; Grand 
Treasurer — H. S. Austin, of Peoria, Grand Mar- 
shal— J. R. Gorin, of Macon; Grand Herald — 
A. Gould, of Henry; Grand Sentinel — John E. 
Rosette, of Sangamon. An Executive Committee 
was also appointed, consisting of Joseph Medill 
of "The Chicago Tribune"; Dr. A. J. McFai- 
land, of Morgan County ; J. K. Warren, of Macon ; 
Rev. J. C. Rybolt, of La Salle; the President, 
Judge Bangs; Enoch Emery, of Peoria; and 
John E. Rosette. Under the direction of this 
Committee, ^vith Mr. Medill as its Chairman, 
the constitution and by-laws were thoroughly 
revised and a new ritual adopted, whicli materi- 
all}- changed the phraseology and removed some 
of the crudities of the original obligation, as well 
as increased the beauty and impressiveness of 
the initiatory ceremonies. New signs, grips and 
pass-words were also adopted, which were finallj- 
accepted by the various organizations of the 
order throughout the Union, which, by this time, 
included many soldiers in the army, as well as 
civilians. The second Grand (or State) Council 
was held at Springfield, January 14, 1863, with 
only seven counties rejireseuted. The limited 
representation was discouraging, but the mem- 
bers took lieart from the inspiring words of Gov- 
ernor Yates, addressed to a committee of the 
order who waited upon him. At a special ses- 
sion of the Executive Committee, held at Peoria, 
six days later, a vigorous campaign was 
majiped out, under which agents were sent 
into nearly every county in tlie State. In Oc- 
tober, 1863, the strength of the order in Illi- 
nois was estimated at three to five thousand; 
a few months later, the number of enrolled 
members had increased to 50,000 — so rapid 
had been the growtli of the order. On March 
23, 1863, a Grand Council met in Chicago — 
404 Councils in Illinois being represented, with 



HISTORICAL EXCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



539 



a number from Oliio, Iiidiana, Slicliigan Wiscon- 
sin. Iowa ami Minnesota. At tliis meeting a 
Committee was appointed to prepare a plan of 
organization for a National Grand Council, wliich 
was carried out at Cleveland, Ohio, on the 20tli 
of May following— the constitution, ritual and 
signs of the Illinois organization being adopted 
with slight moditications. The icvised obligation 
— taken upon the Bible, the Declaration of Inde- 
pendence and the Constitution of the United 
States — bound members of the League to "sup- 
port, protect and defend the Government of the 
United States and the flag thereof, against all 
enemies, foreign and domestic," and to"beartrue 
faith and allegiance to the same"; to "defend 
the State against invasion or insurrection"; to 
support only "true and reliable men" for offices 
of trust and profit ; to protect and defend 
worthy members, and to preserve inviolate the 
secrets of the order. The address to new mem- 
bers was a model of impressi veness and a powerful 
appeal to their patriotism. The organization 
extended rapidly, not only throughout the North- 
west, but in the South also, especially in the 
armj-. In 1864 the number of Councils in Illinois 
was estimated at 1,300, with a membership of 
17.% 000; and it is estimated that the total mem- 
bership, throughout the Union, was 2,000,000. 
Tlie influence of the silent, but zealou.s and effect- 
ive, operations of the organization, was shown, 
not only in the stimulus given to enlistments and 
support of the war policy of the Government, 
but in the raising of supplies for the sick and 
wounded soldiers in the field. Within a few 
weeks before the fall of Vicksburg, over §2.5,000 in 
cash, besides large quantities of stores, were sent 
to Col. John Williams (then in charge of the 
Sanitarj- Bureau at Springfield), as the direct 
result of appeiils made through circulars sent out 
by the officers of the "League." Large contri- 
butions of money and supplies also reached the 
sick and wounded in hospital through the medium 
of the Sanitary Commission in Chicago. Zealous 
efforts were made by the opposition to get at the 
secrets of the order, and, in one case, a complete 
copy of the ritual was published by one of their 
organs; but the effect was so far the reverse of 
what was anticipated, that this line of attack was 
not continued. During the stormy session of the 
Legislature in 1803, the League is said to have 
rendered effective service in protecting Gov- 
ernor Yates from threatened assassination. It 
continued its silent but effective operations until 
the complete overthrow of the rebellion, when it 
ceased to exist as a [xjlitic^l organization. 



UMTED STATES SENATORS. Tlie follow- 
ing is a list of United States senators from Illinois, 
from the date of the admission of the State into 
the Union until 1899, with the date and duration 
of the term of each: Ninian Edwards, 1818-24; 
Jesse B. Thomas, Sr., 1818-29; John McLean, 
1824-25 and 1829-30; Elias Kent Kane, 1825-3.5; 
David Jewett Baker, Nov. 12 to Dec. 11, 1S30; 
John M. Robinson, 1830-41; William L. D. Ewing, 
1835-37; Richard M. Young, 1837-43; Samuel Mc- 
Roberts, 1841-43; Sidney Bree.se, 1843-49; James 
Semple, 1843-47; Stephen A. Douglas, 1847-61; 
James Sliields, 1849-55 ; Lyman Trumbull, 1855-73 ; 
Orville H. Browning, 1861-63; William A. Rich- 
ardson, 1863-65; Richard Yates, 1865-71; John A. 
Logan, 1871-77 and 1879-86: Richard J. Oglesby, 
1873-79; David Davis, 1877-83; Shelby M. Cullom, 
first elected in 1883, and re-elected in "89 and "95, 
his third term expiring in 1901; Charles B. Far- 
well, 1887-91; John McAuley Palmer, 1891-97; 
William E. Mason, elected in 1897, for the term 
expiring, March 4, 1903. 

LM VERSITY OF CHICAGO (The New). One 
of the leading educational institutions of the 
country, located at Chicago. It is the outgrowth 
of an attempt, put fortfi by the American Educa- 
tional Society (organized at Washington in 1888). 
to supply the place which the original institution 
of the same name had been de.signed to fill. (See 
Univ<vsity of Chicago— The Old.) The following 
year, Mr. John D. Rockefeller of New York ten- 
dered a contribution of §600,000 toward the endow- 
ment of the enterprise, conditioned upon securing 
additional pledges to the amount of S40i),000 by 
June 1, 1890. The offer was accepted, and the 
sum promptly raised. In addition, a site, covering 
four blocks of land in the citj- of Chicago, was 
.secured — two and one-half blocks being atxjuired 
by purcliase for $282,500, and one and one-half 
(valued at .$125,000) donated by 3Ir. Marshall 
Field. A charter was secured and an oi-ganiza- 
tion effected, Sept. 10, 1890. The Presidency of 
the institution was tendered to, and accepted b}', 
Dr. William R. Harper. Since that time the 
Universitj- has been the recipient of other gener- 
ous benefactions by ilr. Rockefeller and others, 
until the aggregate donations (1898) exceed $10,- 
000,000. Of this amount over one-half has been 
contributed by Mr. Rockefeller, while he has 
pledged himself to make additional contributions 
of $2,000,000, conditioned upon the raising of a 
like sum, from other donors, by Jan. 1, 1900. Tlie 
buildings erected on the campus, prior to 1896. 
include a chemical laboratory costing $182,000: a 
lecture hall, $1.50,000; a physical laboratory 



540 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



$150,000; a museum, $100,000; an academy dor- 
mitory, $30,000; three dormitories for women, 
$150,000; two dormitories for men, §100,000, to 
which several important additions were made 
during 1896 and 97. The faculty embraces over 
150 instructors, selected with reference to their 
fitness for their respective departments from 
among the most eminent scholars in America and 
Europe. Women are admitted as students and 
graduated upon an etiuality with men. The work 
of practical instruction began in October, 1892, 
witli 589 registered students, coming from nearly 
every Northern State, and including 250 gradu- 
ates from other institutions, to which accessions 
were made, during the year, raising the aggregate 
to over 900. The second year the number ex- 
ceeded 1,100; the third, it rose to 1,750, and the 
fourth (1895-96), to some 3,000, including repre- 
sentatives from every State of the Union, besides 
many from foreign countries. Special features 
of the institution include the admission of gradu- 
ates from other institutions to a post-graduate 
course, and the University Extension Division, 
wliich is conducted largely by means of lecture 
courses, in other cities, or through lecture centers 
in the vicinity of the University, non-resident 
students having the privilege of written exami- 
nations. The various libraries embrace over 
300,000 volumes, of which nearly 60,000 belong 
to what are called the "Departmental Libraries,"" 
besides a large and valuable collection of maps 
and pamphlets. 

UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO (The Old), an 
educational institution at Chicago, under the 
care of the Baptist denomination, for some years 
known as the Douglas University. Senator 
Stephen A. Douglas offered, in 1854, to donate ten 
acres of land, in what was then near the southern 
border of the city of Chicago, as a site for an 
institution of learning, provided buildings cost- 
ing .?100,000, be erected thereon within a stipu- 
lated time. The corner-stone of the main building 
was laid, July 4, 1857, but the financial panic of 
that year prevented its completion, and Mr. Doug- 
las extended the time, and finally deeded tlie 
land to the trustees without reserve. For eighteen 
years the institution led a precarious existence, 
struggling under a heavy debt. By 1885, mort- 
gages to the amount of §320,000 having accumu- 
lated, the trustees abandoned further effort, and 
acquiesced in the sale of the property under fore- 
closure proceedings. The original plan of the 
institution contemplated preparatory and col- 
legiate departments, together with a college of 
law and a theological school. 



UMVERSITY OF ILLINOIS, the leading edu- 
cational institution under control of the State, 
located at Urbana and adjoining the city of 
Champaign. The Legislature at the session of 1863 
accepted a grant of 480,000 acres of land under 
Act of Congress, approved July 2, 1862, making an 
appropriation of public lands to States — 30,000 
acres for each Senator and each Representative in 
Congress — establishing colleges for teaching agri- 
culture and the mechanic arts, though not to the 
exclusion of classical and scientific studies. Land- 
scrip under this grant was issued and placed in 
the hands of Governor Yates, and a Board of 
Trustees appointed under the State law was organ- 
ized in March, IS;;?, the institution being located 
the same year. Departments and courses of study 
were established, and Dr. John M. Gregory, of 
Michigan, was chosen Regent (President). — The 
landscrip issued to Illinois was sold at an early 
day for what it wonld bring in open market, 
except 25.000 acres, which was located in Ne- 
braska and Minnesota. This has recently been 
sold, realizing a larger sum than was received 
for all the scrip otherwise disposed of. The entire 
sum thus secured for permanent endowment ag- 
greg;Ues §613,026. The University revenues were 
further increased by donations from Congress to 
each institution organized under the Act of 1862, 
of 815.000 per annum for the maintenance of an 
Agricultural Experiment Station, and, in 1890, of 
a similar amount for instruction — the latter to be 
increased 151,000 annually until it should reach 
$25.000.— A mechanical building was erected in 
1871, and this is claimed to have been the first of 
its kind in America intended for strictly educa- 
tional purposes. What was called "the main 
building" was formally opened in December, 
1873. Other buildings embrace a "Science Hall," 
opened in 1892; a new "Engineering Hall,"" 1894; 
a fine Library Building, 1897. Eleven other prin- 
cipal structures and a number of smaller ones 
have been erected as conditions required. The 
value of property aggregates nearly $2,500,000, and 
appropriations from the State, for all purposes, 
previous to 1904, foot up §5,123,517.90.— Since 
1871 the institution has been open to women. 
The courses of study embrace agricultiire, chem- 
istry, polytechnics, military tactics, natural and 
general sciences, languages and literature, eco- 
nomics, liousehold science, trade and commerce. 
The Graduate School dates from 1891. In 1896 
the Chicago College of Pharmacy was connected 
with the University: a College of Law and a 
Library School were opened in 1897, and the same 
year the Chicago College of Physicians and .Sur- 



'Ji 




niSTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



541 



peons «'as aflfiliated as the College of Medicine — a 
School of Dentistry beinp; added to the latter in 
1901. In 1885 the State Laboratory of Natural 
History was transferred from Normal, III., and an 
ARricultural Experiment Station entablished in 
18(8, from which bulletins are sent to farmers 
tnrouKhout the State who maj- desire them. — The 
first name of the Institution was "Illinois Indus- 
trial University," but, in 18S5. this was changed 
to "University of Illinois." In 1887 the Trustees 
(of whom there are nine) were made elective by 
popular vote — three being elected every tv.o 
years, each holding oflice six years. Dr. Gregorj', 
having resigned the office of Regent in 1880, was 
succeeded by Dr. Selim H. Peabody, who had 
been Professor of Meclianical and Civil Engineer- 
ing. Dr. Peabody resigned in 1891. The duties 
of Regent were then discharged by Prof. Thomas 
J. Burrill until August, 1894, when Dr. An<lrew 
Sloan Draper, former State Superintendent of 
Public Instruction of the State of New York, was 
installed as President, serving until 1904. — The 
corps of instruction (1904) includes over 100 Pro- 
fessors, 60 Associate and Assistant Professors and 
200 Instructors and Assistants, besides special 
lecturers, demonstrators and clerks. The num- 
ber of students has increased rapidly in recent 
years, as shown by the following totals for suc- 
cessive 3-ears from 1890-91 to 1903-04, inclusive: 
519; 583; 714; 743; 810; 852; 1,075; 1,582; 1,824; 
2,234; 2,505; 2,932: 3,289; 3,589. Of the last num- 
ber, 2,271 were men and 718 women. During 
1903-04 there were in all departments at Urbana, 
2,547 students (256 being in the Preparatory Aca- 
demy) ; and in the three Professional Departments 
in Chicago, 1,042, of whom 694 were in the Col- 
lege of Medicine, 1S5 in the School of Pharmacy, 
and 163 in the School of Dentistry. The Univer- 
sity Library contains 63.700 volumes and 14,.'>00 
pamphlets, not including 5,350 volumes and 
15 8.50 pamphlets in the State Laboratory of Nat- 
ural History. — The University occupies a con- 
spicuous and attractive site, embracing 220 acres 
adjacent to the line between Uibana and Cham- 
paign, and near the residence portion of the two 
cities. The athletic field of 11 acres, on which 
stand the gymnasium and armory, is enclosed 
with an ornamental iron fence. The campus, 
otherwise, is an open and beautiful park with 
fine landscape effects. 

UNORGAMZED COUXTIES. In addition to 
the 102 counties into which Illinois is divided, 
acts were pa.s.sed by the General A.s.sembly, 
at different times, providing for the organiza- 
tion of a number of others, a few of which 



were subse<iuently organized under different 
names, but the majority of wliich were never 
organized at all — the proposition for such or- 
ganization being rejected by vote of the people 
within the proposed boundaries, or allowed to 
lapse by nonaction. These unorganized coun- 
ties, with the date of the several acts authorizing 
them, i.nd the territory which the}' were in- 
tended to include, were as follows: Allen 
Count}' (1841) — comprising portions of Sanga- 
mon, Morgan and Macoupin Counties; Audobon 
(Audubon) County (1843) — from portions of Mont- 
gomery, Fayette and Shelby; Benton County 
(1843) — from Morgan, Greene and Macoupin; 
Coffee County (1837) — with substantially the 
same territory now comprised within tlie bound- 
aries of Stark County, authorized two years 
later; Dane County (1839) — name changed to 
Christian in 1S40; Harrison County (1855) — 
from McLean, Cliampaign and Vermilion, com- 
])rising territory since partially incorporated 
in Ford County; Holmes County (1857)— from 
Champaign and Vermilion; Marquette County 
(1843), changed (1847) to Highland— compris- 
ing the northern portion of Adams, (this act 
was accepted, with Columbus as the county- 
seat, but organization finally vacated); Michi- 
gan County (1837) — from a part of Cook; Milton 
County (1843) — from the south part of Vermil- 
ion; Okaw County (1841) — comprising substan- 
tially the same territory as Moultrie, organized 
under act of 1843; Oregon County (1851) — from 
parts of Sangamon, Morgan and Macoupin Coun- 
ties, and covering substantially the .siime terri- 
tory as proposed to be incorporated in Allen 
County ten years earlier. The last act of this 
character was passed in 1867, when an attempt 
was made to orgiinize Lincoln County out oJ 
parts of Champaign and Vermilion, but wliicli 
failed for want of an affirmative vote. 

UPPER ALTON, a city of Madison County, 
situated on the Chicago & Alton Railroad, about 
IJ miles northeast of Alton— laid out in 1816. It 
has several churches, and is the seat of Shurtleff 
College and the We.stern Military Academy, the 
former founded about 1831, and controlled by the 
Baptist denomination. Beds of excellent clay are 
found in the vicinity and utilized in pottery 
manufacture. Pop. (1890), 1,803; (1900). 2,373. 

UPTON, George Putnam, journalist, was Iwrn 
at Roxbury, Mass., Oct. 25, 1834; graduated from 
Brown University in 1854, removed to Chicago 
in 1855, and began newsjKiper work on "The 
Native American," the following year taking 
the place of city editor of "The Evening Jour- 



542 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



nal." In 1862, Mr. Upton became musical critic 
on "The Chicago Tribune," serving for a time 
also as its war correspondent in the field, later 
(about 1881) taking a place on the general edi- 
torial stafif, which lie still retains. He is regarded 
as an authority on musical and dramatic topics. 
Mr. Upton is also a stockholder in, and, for sev- 
eral years, has been Vice-President of the "Trib- 
une" Company. Besides numerous contributions 
to magazines, his works include: "Letters of 
Peregi-ine Pickle'' (1869) ; "Memories, a Story of 
German Love," translated from the German of 
Max Muller (1879) ; "Woman in Music" (1880) ; 
"Lives of German Composers" (3 vols. — 1883-84); 
besides fom- volumes of standard operas, oratorios, 
cantatas, and symphonies (1885-88). 

URBANA, a flourishing city, the county-seat 
of Cliampaign Count}', on the "Big Four,'' the 
Illinois Central and tlie Wabash Railways: ISO 
miles soutli of Chicago and 31 miles west of Dan- 
ville; in agricultural and coal-mining region. 
The mechanical industries include extensive rail- 
road shops, manufacture of brick, suspenders and 
lawn-mowers. The Cunningliam Deaconesses' 
Home and Orphanage is located here. The city 
has water-works, gas and electric light plants, 
electric car-lines (local and inteiurban), superior 
schools, nine churches, three banks and three 
newspapers. Urbana is the seat of tlie University 
of Illinois. Pop. (1890), 3,511; (1900), 5,728. 

DSREY, William J., editor and soldier, was 
born at Washington (near Natchez), Miss., May 
16, 1827; was educated at Natchez, and, before 
reaching manhood, came to Macon County, III., 
where he engaged in teaching until 1846, when 
he enlisted as a private in Coniijany C. Fourth 
Illinois Volunteers, for tlie Mexican War. In 
1855, he joined with a Mr. Wingate in the estab- 
lishment, at Decatur, of "The Illinois State Chron- 
icle," of which he soon after took sole charge, 
conducting the paper until 1861, when he enlisted 
in the Thirty-fifth Illinois Volunteers and was 
appointed Adjutant. Although born and edu- 
cated in a slave State, Mr. Usrey was an earnest 
opponent of slavery, as proved by the attitude of 
his paper in opposition to the Kansas- Nebraska 
Bill. He was one of the most zealous endorsers 
of the proposition for a conference of the Anti- 
Nebraska editors of the State of Illinois, to agree 
upon a line of policy in opposition to the further 
extension of slavery, and, when that body met at 
Decatur, on Feb. 22, 1856, he served as its Secre- 
tary, thus taking a prominent part in tlie initial 
steps whicli resulted in the organization of the 
Republican party in Illinois. (See Anti-yebraska 



Editorial Convention.) After returning from 
the war he resumed his place as editor of "The 
Chronicle," but finally retired from newspaper 
work in 1871. He was twice Postmaster of the 
city of Decatur, first previous to 1850, and again 
under the administration of President Grant; 
served also as a member of the City Council and 
was a member of the local Post of the G. A. R., 
and Secretary of the Macon County Association 
of Mexican War Veterans. Died, at Decatur, 
Jan. 20, 1894. 

UTICA, (also called North Utica), a village of 
La Salle County, on the Illinois & Michigan 
Canal and the Chicago, Rock Island & Pacific 
Railway, 10 miles west of Ottawa, situated on the 
Illinois River opposite "Starved Rock," al.so 
believed to stand on the site of the Kaskaskia 
village found by the French Explorer, La Salle, 
when he first visited Illinois. "Utica cement" is 
produced here ; it aLso has several factories or 
mills, besides banks and a weekly paper. Popu- 
lation (1880), 767; (1890), 1,094; (1900), 1,150. 

VAN ARNAM, John, lawyer and soldier, was 
born at Plattsburg, N. Y., March 3, 1820. Hav- 
ing lost his father at five years of age, he went to 
live with a farmer, but ran away in his boyhood; 
later, began teaching, studied law, and was ad- 
mitted to the bar in New York City, beginning 
practice at Marshall, Mich. In 1858 he removed 
to Chicago, and, as a member of the firm of 
Walker, Van Arnam & Dexter, became promi- 
nent as a criminal lawyer and railroad attorney, 
being for a time Solicitor of the Chicago, Burling- 
ton & Quincy Railroad. In 1862 he assisted in 
organizing the One Hundred and Twenty-seventh 
Illinois Volunteer Infantry and was commissioned 
its Colonel, but was compelled to resign on 
account of illness. After spending some time in 
California, he resumed practice in Chicago in 
1865. His later years were spent in California, 
dying at San Diego, in that State, April 6, 1890. 

VANDALIA, the principal city and county -seat 
of Fayette County. It is situated on the Kas- 
kaskia River, 30 miles north of Centralia, 62 
miles south by west of Decatur, and 68 miles 
east-northeast of St. Louis. It is an intersecting 
point for the Illinois Central and the St. Louis, 
Vandalia and Terre Haute Railroads. It was the 
capital of the State from 1820 to 1839, the seat of 
government being removed to Springfield, the 
latter year, in accordance with act of the General 
Assembly passed at the session of 1837. It con- 
tains a court house (old State Capitol building), 
six churches, two banks, three weekly papers, a 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OP ILLINOIS. 



543 



graded si-hool, flour, saw and paper mills, foundry, 
stave and headinp; mill, carriage and wagon 
and brick works. Pop. (1890), 2,144; (1900), 2 665. 

VANDEVEEK, Horatio M., pioneer law3'er, 
was born in Washington County, Ind., March 1, 
1816; came with his family to Illinois at an early 
age, settling on Clear Creek, now in Christian 
County ; taught school and studied law, using 
books borrowed from the late lion. John T. Stuart 
of Springlield; was elected. lirst Countj' Recorder 
of Christian County and, soon after, appointed 
Circuit Clerk, filling both ofEces three years. 
He also held the office of County Judge from 1848 
to 1857 ; was twice chosen Representative in the 
General Assembly (1843 and 1850) and once to the 
State Senate (18(52); in 1846, enlisted and was 
chosen Captain of a company for the Mexican 
War, but, having been rejected on account of the 
quota being full, was appointed Assistant-Quarter- 
master, in this capacity serving on the stall of 
General Taylor at the battle of Buena Vista. 
Among other offices held by Mr. Vandeveer, were 
those of Postmaster of Taylorville, Master in 
Chancery, Presidential Elector (1848), Delegate 
to the Constitutional Convention of 1862, and 
Judge of the Circuit Court (1870-79). In 1808 
Judge Vandeveer established the private banking 
firm of H. M. Vandeveer & Co., at Taylorville, 
which, in conjunction with his sons, he continued 
successfully during the remainder of his life. 
Died, March 12, 1894. 

VAN HORNE, William C, Railway Manager 
and President, was born in Will County, 111., 
February, 184H; began his career as a telegraph 
operator on the Illinois Central Railroad in 1856, 
was attached to the Michigan Central and Chi- 
cago & Alton Railroads (1858-72), later being 
General Manager or General Superintendent of 
various other hues (1872-79). He next served as 
General Superintendent of the Chicago, Milwau- 
kee & St. Paul, but soon after became General 
Manager of the Canadian Pacific, which he 
assisted to construct to the Pacific Coast; was 
elected Vice-President of the line in 1884, and its 
President in 1888. His services have been recog- 
nized by conferring upon him the order of 
icnighthooJ by the British Government. 

VASSEUR, Xoel C, pioneer Indian-trader, was 
born of French parentage in Canada, Dec. 25, 
1799; at the age of 17 made a trip with a trading 
party to the West, crossing Wisconsin by way of 
the Fox and Wisconsin Hivers, the route pursued 
by Joliet and Marijuette in 107;i ; later, was associ- 
ated with Gurdon S. Hubbard in the service of 
the American Fur Company, in 1820 visiting the 



region now embraced in Iroquois County, where 
he and Hubbard subsequently established a trad- 
ing post among the Pottawatomie Indians, 
believed to have been the site of the present town 
of Iroquois. The way of reaching their station 
from Chicago was by the Chicago and Des 
Plaines Rivers to the Kankakee, and ascending 
the latter and the Iroquois. Here Vasseur re- 
mained in trade until the removal of the Indians 
west of the Mississippi, in which he served as 
agent of the Government. While in the Iroquois 
region he married Watseka, a somewhat famous 
Pottawatomie woman, for whom the town of 
Watseka was named, and who had previously 
been the Indian wife of a fellow-trader. His 
later j-ears were spent at Bourbonnais Grove, in 
Kankakee County, where .he died, Dec. 12, 1879. 

VENICE, a city of Madison County, on the 
Mississippi River opposite St. Louis and 2 miles 
north of East St. Louis; is touched by six trunk 
lines of railroad, and at the eastern approach to 
the new "'Merchants' Bridge." with its round- 
house, has two ferries to St. Louis, street car line, 
electric lights, water^works, .some manufactures 
and a newspaper. Pop. (1890), 932; (1900), 2,450. 

VENICE & CAR()M)ELET RAILROAD. (See 
Louixvillc. Erc.niirille d- St. Louis (Consolidated) 
Kailiddd. ) 

VERMILION COUNTY, an eastern county, 
bordering on the Indiana State line, and drained 
by the Vermilion and Little Vermilion Rivers, 
from which it takes its name. It was originally 
organized in 1826, when it extended north to 
Lake Michigan. Its present area is 926 stjuare 
miles. The discovery of salt springs, in 1819, 
aided in attracting immigration to this region, 
but the manufacture of salt wiis abandoned 
many j'ears ago. Early settlers were Seymour 
Treat, James Butler, Henry Johnston, Harvey 
Lidington, Gurdon S. Hubbard and Daniel W. 
Beckwith. James Butler and Achilles Morgan 
were the first County Commissioners. Many 
interesting fossil remains have been found, 
among them the skeleton of a mastodon (1868). 
Fire clay is found in large quantities, and two 
coal seams cross the county. The surface is level 
and the soil fertile. Corn is the chief agricultural 
product, although oats, wheat, rj'e, and potatoes 
are extensively cultivated. Stock-raising and 
wool-growing are important industries. There 
are also several manufactories, chiefly at Dan- 
ville, which is the county-seat. Coal mining 
is carried on extensively, especiallj- in the vicin- 
ity of Danville. Population (1880), 41,588; (1890), 
49,905; (1900), 65,635. 



544 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



TERMILION RIVER, a tributary of the Illi- 
nois; rises in Ford and the northern part of 
McLean County, and, running northwestward 
through Livingston and the southern part of 
La Salle Counties, enters the Illinois River 
nearly opposite the city of La Salle ; has a length 
of about 80 miles. 

VERMILIOX RIVER, an affluent of the Wa- 
bash, formed bj- the union of the North, Middle 
and South Forks, which rise in Illinois, and 
come together near Danv'lle in this State. It 
flows southeastward, and enters the Wabash in 
Vermilion County, Ind. The main stream is 
about 28 miles long. The South Fork, however, 
which rises in Champaign County and runs east- 
ward, has a length of nearly 75 miles. The 
Little Vermilion River enters the Wabash about 
7 or 8 miles below the Vermilion, which is some- 
times called the Big Vermilion, by way of 
distinction. 

VERMONT, a village in Fulton County, at 
junction of Galesburg and St. Louis Division of 
the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy Railroad, 24 
miles north of Beardstown ; has a carriage manu- 
factorj', flour and saw-mills, brick and tile works, 
electric light plant, besides two banks, four 
clun-ehes, two graded schools, and one weekly 
newspaper. An artesian well has been sunk here 
to the depth of 2,600 feet. Pop. (1900), 1,195. 

VERSAILLES, a town of Brown County, on 
the Wabash Railway, 48 miles east of Quincy ; is 
in a timber and agricultural district ; has a bank 
and weekly newspaper. Population (1900), 524. 

VIENNA, the county-seat of Johnson County, 
situated on the Cairo and Vincennes branch of 
the Cleveland. Cincinnati, Chicago & St. Louis 
Railroad, 36 miles north-northwest of Cairo. It 
has a court house, several churches, a graded 
school, banks and two weekly newspapers. 
Population (1880), 494; (1890), 828; (1900), 1,217. 

VIIJO, Francois, pioneer and early Indian- 
trader, was born at Mondovi, Sardinia (Western 
Italy), in 1747, served as a private soldier, first at 
Havana and afterwards at New Orleans. When 
he left the Spanish army he came to St. Louis, 
then the military headquarters of Spain for Upper 
Louisiana, where he became a partner of Com- 
mandant de Leba, and was extensively engaged 
in the fur-trade among the Indians on the Ohio 
and Mississippi Rivers. On the occupation of 
Kaskaskia by Col. George Rogers Clark in 1778, 
he rendered valuable aid to the Americans, turn- 
ing out supplies to feed Clark's destitute soldiers, 
and accepting Virginia Continental money, at 
par, in payment, incurring liabilities in excess of 



$20,000. This, followed by the confiscation policy 
of the British Colonel Hamilton, at Vincennes, 
where Vigo had considerable property, reduced 
him to extreme penury. H. W. Beckwith says 
that, towards the close of his life, he lived on his 
little homestead near Vincennes. in great poverty 
but cheerful to the last He was never recom- 
pensed during his life for his sacrifices in behalf 
of the American cause, though a tardy restitution 
was attempted, after his death, by the United 
States Government, for the benefit of his heirs. 
He died, at a ripe old age, at Vincennes, Ind., 
March 22, 1835. 

VILLA RIDOE, a village of Pulaski County, 
on the Illinois Central Railway. 10 miles north of 
Cairo. Population, 500. 

VINCENNES, Jean Baptiste Bissot, a Canadian 
explorer, born at Quebec, January, 1688, of aris- 
tocratic and wealthy ancestry. He was closely 
connected with LouLs Joliet — probably his 
brother-in-law, although some historians say that 
he was the latter's nephew. He entered the 
Canadian army as ensign in 1701, and had a long 
and varied experience as an Indian fighter. 
About 1725 he took up his residence on what is 
now the site of the present city of Vincennes, 
Ind., which is named in his honor. Here he 
erected an earth fort and established a trading- 
jiost. In 1726, under orders, he co-operated with 
D'Artaguiette (then the French Governor of Illi- 
nois) in an expedition against the Chickasaws. 
The expedition resulted disastrously. Vincennes 
and D'Artaguiette were captured and burned 
at the stake, together with Father Senat (a 
Jesuit priest) and others of the command. 
(See also D'Artaguiette; French Oovemors of 
Illinois. ) 

VIRDEN, a city of Macoupin County, on the 
Chicago & Alton and the Chicago, Burlington & 
Quincy Railroads, 21 miles south by west from 
Springfield, and 31 miles east-southeast of Jack- 
sonville. It has five churches, two banks, two 
newspapers, telephone service, electric lights, 
grain elevators, machine shop, and extensive coal 
mines. Pop.(1900),2,280; (school censusl903),3.651. 

VIRGINIA, an incorporated city, the county- 
seat of Cass County, situated at the intersection of 
the Chicago, Peoria & St. Louis, with the Spring- 
field Division of the Baltimore & Ohio South- 
western Railroad, 15 miles north of Jacksonville, 
and 33 miles west-nofthwest of Springfield. It 
lies in the heart of a rich agricultural region. 
There is a flouring mill here, besides manu- 
factories of wagons and cigars. The city has two 
National and one State bank, five churches, a 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



545 



higli school, and two weekly papers. Pop (1890), 

i.eo2; (I'joo), 1.000. 

VOCKE, William, lawyer, was born at Min- 
den, Westphalia (Germany), in 1S39, the son of a 
Government Secretary in the Prussian service. 
Having lost his father at an early age, he emi- 
grated to America in ISoC, and, after a short 
stay in New York, came to Chicago, where ho 
found employment as a paper-carrier for "The 
Staats-Zeitung," meanwhile giving his attention 
to the study of law. Later, he became associated 
with a real-estate firm; on the commencement 
of the Civil War, enlisted as a private in a 
threemonths' regiment, and, finally, in the 
Twenty-fourth Illinois (the first llecker regi- 
ment), in which he rose to the rank of Captain. 
Returning from the army, he was employed as 
city editor of "The Staats-Zeitung," but, in 
1865, became Clerk of the Chicago Police Court, 
serving until 1869. Meanwhile he had been 
admitted to the bar, and, on retirement from 
office, began practice, but, in 1870, was elected 
Representative in tlie Twenty-seventh General 
Assembly, in which he bore a le;iding jiart in 
framing "the burnt record act" made necessary 
by the (ire of 18T1. He has since been engaged 
in the practice of his profession, having been, 
for a number of years, attorney for the German 
Consulate at Chicago, also serving, for several 
years, on the Chicago Board of Education. Mr. 
Vocke is a man of high literary tastes, as shown 
by his publication, in 18G9, of a volume of poems 
translated from the German, which has been 
highly commended, besides a legal work on 
"The Administration of Justice in the United 
States, and a Synopsis of the Mode of Procedure 
in our Federal and State Courts and All Federal 
and State Laws relating to Subjects of Interest 
to Ahens," which has been published in the Ger- 
man Language, and is highly valued by German 
lawyers and business men. Jlr. Vocke was a 
member of the Republican National Convention 
of 1872 at Pliiladelphia, which nominated General 
Grant for the Presidency a second time. 

VOLK, Le(Hiard Wells, a distinguished Illinois 
sculptor, bom at Wellstown (afterwards WelLs), 
N. Y., Nov. 7, 1828. Later, his father, who was 
a marble cutter , removed to Pittsfleld, Mass., 
and, at the age of 10, Leonard began work in his 
shop. In 1848 he came west and began model- 
ing in cUiy and drawing at St. Louis, l)eing only 
self-taught. He married a cousin of Stephen A. 
Douglas, and the latter, in 1855, aided him in 
the prosecution of his art studies in Italy. Two 
years afterward he settled in Chicago, where he 



modeled the first portrait bust ever made in the 
city, having for his subject his first patron — the 
"Little Giant." The next year (1858) he made a 
life-size marble statue of Douglas. In 1860 he 
made a portrait bust of Abraham Lincoln, which 
passed into the possession of the Chicago His- 
torical Society and was destroyed in the great lire 
of 1871. In 18GS-G9, and again in 1871-72, he 
revisited Italy for purposes of study. In 1867 he 
was elected academician of the Chicago Academy, 
and was its President for eight years. He was 
genial, companionable and charitable, and always 
ready to assist his younger and less fortunate pro- 
fessional brethren. His best known works are the 
Douglas Monument, in Chicago, several soldiers' 
monuments in different parts of the country, 
the statuary for the Henry Keep mausoleum at 
Watertown, N. Y., life-size statues of Lincoln 
and Douglas, in the State House at Springfield, 
and numerous portrait busts of men eminent 
in political, ecclesiastical and commercial life. 
Died, at Osceola, Wis., Aug\i.st 18, 1895. 

TOSS, Arno, journalist, la\vyer and soldier, 
born in Prussia, April 10, 1821 ; emigrated to the 
United States and was adiriitted to the bar in 
Chicago, in 18-18, the same year becoming editor 
of "The StaiitsZoitung" ; was elected City 
Attorney in 1852, and again In 1853; in 1861 
became Major of the Sixth Illinois Cavalry, but 
afterwards assisted in organizing the Twelfth 
Cavalry, of which he was commissioned Colonel, 
still later serving with his command in Vir- 
ginia. He was at Harper's Ferry at the time of 
the capture of that place in September, 1802, but 
succeeded in cutting his way, with his command, 
through the rebel lines, escaping into Pennsyl- 
vania. Compelled by ill-healtli to leave the serv- 
ice in 1863, he retired to a farm in Will Count}', 
but, in 1809, returned to Chicago, where he served 
as Master in Chancery and was elected to the 
lower branch of the General A.ssembly in 1870, 
but declined a re-election in 1878. Died, in Chi- 
cago, March 23, 1888. 

WABASH, CHESTER & WESTERN RAIL- 
ROAD, a railway running from Chester to Mount 
Vernon, 111., 63.33 miles, with a branch extend- 
ing from Chester to Menard, 1.5 miles; total 
mileage, 64.83. It is of standard gauge, and 
almost entirelj- laid with 60-pound steel rails. — 
(History.) It was organized, Feb. 20, 1878. as 
successor to the Iron Mountain, Chester & East- 
ern R;\ilroad. During the fiscal year 1893-94 the 
Company purchased the Tamaroa & Mount Ver- 
non Railroad, extending from Mount Vernon to 



546 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



Tamaroa, 23.5 miles. Capital stock (1898), Sl,- 
250,000; bonded indebtedness, §690,000; total 
capitalization, $2,028,573. 

WABASH COUNTY, situated in the southeast 
corner of the State ; area 220 square miles. The 
county was carved out from Edwards in 1824, 
and the first court house built at Centerville, in 
May, 1826. Later, Mount Carmel was made the 
county-seat. (See Mount Carmel.) The Wabash 
Eiver drains the county on the east; other 
streams are the Bon Pas, Coflfee and Crawfish 
Creeks. The surface is undulating with a fair 
growth of timber. The chief industries are the 
raising of live-stock and the cultivation of cere- 
als. The wool-crop is likewise valuable. The 
county is crossed by the Louisville, Evansville & 
St. Louis and the Cairo and Viucennes Division 
of the Cleveland, Cincinnati, Chicago & St. 
Louis Railroads. Population (1880), 4,945; fl890), 
11,806; (1900), 12,583. 

WABASH RAILROAD, an extensive railroad 
system connecting the cities of Detroit and 
Toledo, on the east, with Kansas City and Council 
Bluffs, on the west, with branches to Chicago, St. 
Louis, Quincy and Altamont, 111., and to Keokuk 
and Des Moines, Iowa. The total mileage (1898) 
is 1,874.96 mile.s, of which 677.4 miles are in Illi- 
nois — all of the latter being the property of the 
company, besides 176.7 miles of yard-tracks, sid- 
ings and spurs. Tlie company has trackage 
privileges over the Toledo, Peoria & Western (6.5 
miles) between Elvaston and Keokuk bridge, and 
over the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy (21.8 
miles) between Camp Point and Quincy. — (His- 
tory.) A considerable portion of this road in 
Illinois is constructed on the line upon which the 
Northern Cross Railroad was projected, in the 
"internal improvement" scheme adopted in 1837, 
and embraces the only section of road completed 
under that scheme^that between the Illinois 
River and Springfield. (1) The construction of 
this section was begun by the State, May 11, 
1837, the first rail laid. May 9, 1838, the road 
completed to Jacksonville, Jan. 1, 1840, and to 
Springfield, May 13, 1842. It was operated for a 
time by "mule power," but the income was in- 
sufficient to keep the line in repair and it was 
finally abandoned. In 1847 the line was sold for 
121,100 toN. H. Ridgelyand Thomas Mather of 
Springfield, and by them transferred to Xew 
York capitalists, who organized the Sangamon & 
Morgan Railroad Company, reconstructed the 
road from Springfield to Naples and opened it for 
business in 1849. (2) In 1853 two corporations 
were organized in Ohio and Indiana, respectively. 



under the name of the Toledo & Illinois Railroad 
and the Lake Erie, Wabash & St. Louis Railroad, 
which were consolidated as the Toledo, Wabash 
& Western Railroad, June 25, 1856. In 1858 
these Lines were sold separately under foreclo- 
sure, and finally reorganized, under a special char- 
ter granted by the Illinois Legislatiu-e, under the 
name of the Great Western Railroad Company. 
(3) The Quincy & Toledo Railroad, extending 
from Camp Point to the Illinois River opposite 
Meredosia, was constructed in 1858-59, and that, 
with the Illinois & Southern Iowa (from Clay- 
ton to Keokuk), was united, July 1, 1865, with 
the eastern divisions extending to Toledo, the 
new organization taking the name of the main 
line, (Toledo, Wabash & Western). (4) The 
Hannibal & Naples Division (49.6 miles), from 
Bluffs to Hannibal. JIo., was chartered in 1863, 
ojiened for business in 1870 and leased to the 
Toledo, Wabash & Western. The latter defaulted 
on its interest in 1875, was placed in the hands 
of a receiver and, in 1877, was turned over to a 
new company under the name of the Wabash 
Railway Company. (5) In 1868 the company, 
as it then existed, promoted and secured the con- 
struction, and afterwards acquired the owner- 
ship, of a line extending from Decatur to East St. 
Louis (110.5 miles) under the name of the Deca-- 
tur & East St. Louis Railroad. (6) The Eel River 
Railroad, from Butler to Logansport, Ind., was 
acquired in 1877, and afterwards extended to 
Detroit under the name of the Detroit, Butler & 
St. Louis Railroad, completing the connection 
from Logansport to Detroit. — In November, 1879, 
the Wabash, St. Louis & Pacific Railway Com- 
pany was organized, took the propert3' and con- 
solidated it with certain lines west of the 
Mississippi, of which the chief was the St. Louis, 
Kansas City & Northern. A line had been pro- 
jected from Decatur to Chicago as early as 1870, 
but. not having been constructed in 1881, the 
Wabash, St. Louis & Pacific purchased what was 
known as the Chicago & Paducah Railroad, 
uniting with the main line at Bement, and (by 
way of the Decatur and St. Louis Division) giv- 
ing a direct line between Chicago and St. Louis. 
At this time the Wabash, St. Louis & Pacific wai 
operating the following additional leased lines: 
Pekin, Lincoln & Decatur (67.2 miles); Hannibal 
& Central ]Missouri (70.2 miles); Lafayette, Mun- 
cie & Bloomington (36.7 miles), and the Lafayette 
Bloomington & Muncie (80 miles). A connection 
between Chicago on the west and Toledo and 
Detroit on the east was established over the 
Grand Trunk road in 1882, but, in 1890, the com- 



UISTORICAL EXCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



547 



pany constructed a line fron\ Slontpelier. Ohio, to 
Clark, Ind. (149.7 miles), tlience by track lease 
to Chicago (17.5 miles), giving an indeiiendent 
line between Cliicago and Detroit by what is 
known to investors as the Detroit & Chicago 
Division. 

The total mileage of the Wabash, St. Louis & 
Pacific system, in 1884, amounted to over IS.OOO 
miles ; but, in Jluy of that year, default having 
been made in the payment of interest, the work 
of disintegration began. The main lino east of 
the Mississippi and that on the west were sepa- 
rated, the latter taking the name of the "Wabash 
Western." The Eastern Division was placed in 
the hands of a receiver, so remaining until May, 
1889, when the two divisions, having been 
bought iu by a purchasing committee, were 
consolidated under the present name. The total 
earnings and income of the road in Illinois, for 
the fi.scal year 1S'J8, were S4,40'>,()'.31, and the 
expenses 54,8;i(),110. The total capital invested 
(1898) was §139,889,64;$, including capital stock 
of §52,000,000 and bonds to the amount of §81,- 
534,000. 

WABASH RIVER, rises in northwestern Ohio, 
pa-sses into Indiana, and runs northwest to Hun- 
tington. It then Hows nearly due west to Logans- 
port, thence southwest to Covington, finally 
turning southward to Terre Haute, a few miles 
below which it strikes the western boundary of 
Indiana. It forms the boundary between Illinois 
and Indiana (taking into account its numerous 
■windings) for some 200 miles. Below Vincennes 
it runs in a south-southwesterly direction, and 
enters the Ohio at the southwest extremity of 
Indiana, near latitude 37' 49' north. Its length 
is estimated at 557 miles. 

WABASH & MISSISSIPPI RAILROAD. 
(See Illinois Central Eailroad.) 

WABASH, ST. LOUIS & PACIFIC RAIL- 
ROAD. (See Wabash Railroad.) 

WABASH & WESTERN RAILROAD. (See 
Wabasli Eailroad.) 

WAIT, William Smith, pioneer, p.nd original 
suggestor of the Illinois Central Railroad, was 
born in Portland, Maine, JIarch 5, 1789, and edu- 
cated in the public schools of his native place. 
In his youth he entered a book-publishing house 
in which his father was a partner, and was for a 
time associated with the publication of a weekly 
paper. Later the basiness was conducted at 
Boston, and extended over the Eastern, Middle, 
and Southern States, the subject of this sketch 
making extensive tours in the interest of the 
firm. In 1817 he made a tour to the West, 



reaching St. Louis, and, early in the following 
year, visited Bond County, HI., where he made 
his first entry of land from the Government. 
Returning to Boston a few months later, he con- 
tinued in tlie service of the publishing firm until 

1820, when he again came to Illinois, and, in 

1821, began farming in Ripley Township, Bond 
County. Returning East in 1824, he spent the 
next ten years in the employment of the publish- 
ing firm, with occasional visits to Illinois. In 
1835 he located permanently near Greenville, 
Bond County, and engaged extensively in farm- 
ing and fruit-raising, planting one of the largest 
apple orchards in the State at that early day. In 
1845 he presided as chairman over the National 
Industrial Convention in New York, and, in 
1848, was nominated as the candidate of the 
National Reform Association for Vice-President 
on the ticket with Gerrit Smith of New York, 
but declined. Ho was also prominent in County 
and State Agricultural Societies. Mr Wait has 
been credited with being one of the first (if not 
the very first) to suggest the construction of the 
Illinois Central Railroad, which he did as early 
as 1835; was also one of the prime movers in the 
construction of the Mississippi & Atlantic Rail- 
road — now the "VandaUa Line" — giving much 
time to the latter enterprise from 1846 for many 
years, and was one of the original incorporators 
of the St. Louis & Illinois Bridge Company. 
Died, July 17, 1805. 

WALKER, Cyrus, pioneer, lawyer, born in 
Rockbridge County, Va., May 14, 1791; was taken 
while an infant to Adair County, Ky., and came 
to Macomb, 111., in 1833, being the second lawyer 
to locate in McDonough County. He had a wide 
reputation as a successful advocate, especially in 
criminal ca.ses. and practiced extensively in the 
courts of Western Illinois and also in Iowa- Died, 
Dec. 1, 1875. Mr. Walker was uncle of the late 
Pinkney H. Walker of the Supreme Court, who 
studied law with him. He was Whig candidate 
for Presidential Elector for the State-at-large in 
1840. 

WALKER, James Burr, clergyman, was born 
in Philadelphia, July 29, 1805; in his youth 
served ;is errand-boy in a country store near 
Pittsburg and spent four years in a printing 
oflice ; then became clerk in the ofiice of Mordet'ai 
M. Noah, in New York, .studied law and grailu- 
ated from Western Reserve College, Ohio; edited 
various religious papers, including "The Watch- 
man of the Prairies" (now "The Advance") of 
Chicago, was licensed to preach by the Presbytery 
of Chicago, and for some time was lecturer on 



6iS 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



"Harmony between Science and Revealed Reli- 
gion"' at Oberlin College and Chicago Theological 
Seminary. He was author of several volumes, 
one of which — "The Philosophy of the Plan of 
Salvation," published anonymously under the 
editorship of Prof. Calvin E. Stowe (1855)— ran 
through several editions and was translated into 
five different languages, including Hindustanee. 
Died, at Wheaton, 111., March 6, 1887. 

WALKER, James Monroe, corporation lawyer 
and Railway President, was born at Claremont, 
N. H. , Feb. 14, 1830. At fifteen he removed with 
his parents to a farm in Michigan ; was educated 
at Oberlin, Ohio, and at the University of Michi- 
gan, Ann Arbor, graduating from the latter in 
1849. He then entered a law office as clerk and 
student, was admitted to the bar the next year, 
and soon after elected Prosecuting Attorney of 
Washtenaw County ; was also local attorney for 
the Michigan Central Railway, for which, after 
his removal to Chicago in 1853, he became Gen- 
eral Solicitor. Two years later the firm of Sedg- 
wick & Walker, which had been organized in 
Michigan, became attorneys for the Chicago, 
Burlington & Quincy Railroad, and, until his 
death, Mr. Walker was associated with this com- 
pany, either as General Solicitor, General Counsel 
or President, filling the latter position from 1870 
to 1875. Mr. Walker organized both the Chicago 
and Kansas City stock-yards, and was President 
of these corporations, as also of the Wilmington 
Coal Company, down to the time of his death, 
which occurred on Jan. 23, 1881, as a result of 
heart disease. 

WALKER, (Rev.) Jesse, Methodist Episcopal 
missionary, was born in Rockingham County, 
Va. , June 9, 1766; in 1800 removed to Tennessee, 
became a traveling preacher in 1802, and, in 
1806, came to Illinois under the presiding-elder- 
ship of Rev. William McKendree (afterwards 
Bishop), locating first at Turkey Hill, St. Clair 
County. In 1807 he held a camp meeting near 
Edwardsville — the first on Illinois soil. Later, 
he transferred his labors to Noi'thern Illinois; 
was at Peoria in 1824; at Ottawa in 1825, and 
devoted much time to missionary work among 
the Pottawatomies, maintaining a school among 
them for a time. He visited Chicago in 1826, and 
there is evidence that he was a prominent resident 
there for several years, occupying a log house, 
which he used as a church and living-room, on 
"Wolf Point" at the junction of the North and 
South Branches of the Chicago River. While 
acting as superintendent of the Fox River mis- 
sion, his residence appears to have been at Plain- 



field, in the northern part of Will County. Died, 
Oct. 5, 1835. 

WALKER, Pinkney H., lawyer and jurist, 
was born in Adair County, Ky., June 18, 1815. 
His boj'liood was chiefly passed in farm work and 
as clerk in a general store ; in 1834 he came to Illi- 
nois, settling at Rushville, where he worked in a 
store for four years. In 1838 he removed to 
Macomb, where he began attendance at an acad- 
emy and the study of law with his uncle, Cyrus 
Walker, a leading lawyer of his time. He was 
admitted to the bar in 1839, practicing at Macomb 
until 1848, when he returned to Rushville. In 
1853 he was elected Judge of the Fifth Judicial 
Circuit, to fill a vacancy, and re-elected in 1855. 
This position he resigned in 1858, having been 
appointed, by Governor Bissell. to fill the vacancy 
on the bench of the Supreme Court occasioned by 
the resignation of Judge Skinner. Two months 
later he was elected to the same position, and 
re-elected in 1867 and '76. He presided as Chief 
Justice from January, 1864, to June, '67, and 
again from June, 1874, to June, '75. Before the 
expiration of his last term he died, Feb. 7, 1885. 

WALL, George Wlllard, lawyer, politician and 
Judge, was born at Chillicothe, Ohio, April 33, 
1839; brought to Perry County, 111., in infancy, 
and received his preparatory education at McKen. 
dree College, finally graduating from the Uni- 
versity of Michigan in 1858, and from the 
Cincinnati Law School in 1859, when he began 
practice at Duquoiu, 111. He was a member of 
the Constitutional Convention of 1862, and, from 
1864 to '68, served as State's Attorney for the 
Third Judicial District ; was also a Delegate to the 
State Constitutional Convention of 1869-70. In 
1872 he was an unsuccessful Democratic candi- 
date for Congress, although running ahead of his 
ticket. In 1877 he was elected to the bench of 
the Third Circuit, and re-elected in '79, '85 and 
'91, much of the time since 1877 being on duty 
upon the Appellate bench. His home is at 
Duquoiu. 

WALLACE, (Rev.) Peter, D.D., clergyman 
and soldier; was born in Mason County, Ky., 
April 11, 1813; taken in infancy to Brown 
County, Ohio, where he grew up on a farm until 
15 years of age, when he was apprenticed to a 
carpenter; at the age of 20 came to Illinois, 
where he became a contractor and builder, fol- 
lowing this occupation for a number of years. He 
was converted in 1835 at Springfield, 111., and, 
some years later, having decided to enter the 
ministry, was admitted to the Illinois Conference 
as a deacon by Bishop E. S. Janes in 1855, and 



IIISTOUICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



549 



placed in charge of tlie Danville Circuit. Two 
years later he was ordained by Bishop Scott, and, 
in the next few years, held pastorates at various 
places in the central and eastern parts of the 
State. From 1867 to 187-t he was Presiding Elder 
of the Mattoon and Quincy Districts, and, for six 
years, held the position of President of the Board 
of Trustees of Chaddock College at Quincy, from 
which he received tlio degree of D.D. in 1881. 
In the second year of the Civil War he raised a 
company in Sangamon County, was chosen 
its Captain and assigned to the Seventy-third 
Illinois Volunteers, known as the "preachers' 
regiment" — all of its officers being ministers. In 
18G4 he was compelled by ill-health to resign Ids 
commission. While pastor of the church at Say- 
brook. 111., he was oflfeied the po.vition of Post- 
master of that place, which he decided to accept, 
and was allowed to retire from the active minis- 
try. On retirement from office, in 1884, he 
removed to Chicago. In 1889 he was appointed 
by Governor Fifer the first Chaplain of the Sol- 
diers' and Sailors' Home at Quincy, but retired 
some four years afterward, when he returned to 
Chicago. Dr. Wallace was an eloquent and 
effective preacher and continued to preach, at 
intervals, until within a short time of his decease, 
which occurred in Chicago, Feb. 21, 1897, in his 
84tli year. A zealous patriot, he frequentlj' 
spoke very effectively upon the political rostrum. 
Originalh' a Whig, he became a Republican on 
the organization of that party, and took jiride in 
the fact that the first vote he ever cast was for 
Abraham Lincoln, for Representative in the Legis- 
lature, in 1834. He was a Knight Templar, Vice- 
President of the Tippecanoe Club of Chicago, 
and, at his death, Cliaplain of America Post, No. 
708, G. A. R. 

W.VLL.tCE, 'Wllliani Henry Lamb, lawyer and 
soldier, was born at Urbana, Ohio, July 8, 1821 ; 
brought to Illinois in 1833, his father settling 
near La Salle and. afterwards, at Mount Morris, 
Ogle County, where young Wallace attended the 
Rock River Seminary ; was admitted to the bar in 
1845 ; in 1846 enlisted as a private in the First Illi- 
nois Volunteers (Col. Jolm J. Hardin's regiment), 
for the Mexican War, rising to the rank of Adju- 
tant and participting in the battle of Bviena Vista 
(where his commander was killed), and in otlier 
engagements. Returning to his profession at 
Ottawa, he served as District Attorney (18.'52-56), 
then became partner of his father-in-law, Col. 
T. Lyle Dickey, afterwards of the Supreme Court. 
In April, 18C1, he was one of the first to answer 
the call for troops by enlisting, and became Colo- 



nel of the Eleventh Illinois (three-months' 
men), afterwards re-enlisting for tliree years. 
As commander of a brigade he participated in 
the capture of Forts Henrj' and Donelson, in Feb- 
ruary, 1862, receiving promotion as Brigadier- 
General for gallantry. At Pittsburg Landing 
(Shiloh), as commander of Gen. C. F. Smith's 
Division, devolving im him on account of the 
illness of his svi])erior officer, he showed great 
courage, but fell mortally wounded, dying at 
Charleston, Tenn , April 10, 1862. His career 
promi.sed great brilli.ancy and his loss was greatly 
deplored. —Martin R. M. ( Wallace), brother of 
the preceding, was born at Urbana, Ohio, Sept. 
20, 1829, came to La Salle County, 111., with his 
father's family and was educated in the local 
schools and at Rock River Seminary ; st\idied law 
at Ottawa, and was admitted to the bar in 1856, 
soon after locating in Chicago. In 1861 he 
assi.sted in organizing the Fourth Regiment Illi- 
nois Cavalry, of which he became Ijieutenant- 
Colonel, and was complimented, in 1865, with the 
rank of brevet Brigadier-General. After ' the 
war he served as Assessor of Internal Revenue 
(1866-69); County Judge (1869-77) ; Prosecuting 
Attorney (1884); and, for many years pa.st, has 
been one of the Justices of the Peace of the city 
of Chicago. 

WALNUT, a town of Bureau County, on the 
Mendota and Fulton brancli of the Chicago, Bur- 
lington & Quincy Railroad, 26 miles west of 
Jlendota ; is in a farming and stock-raising dis- 
trict; has two banks and two newspapers. Popu- 
lation (1890), 605; (1900), 791. 

W.VK OP 1812. Uixjnthe declaration of war 
by Congress, in June, 1812, the Pottawatomies, 
and most of the other tribes of Indians in the 
Territory of Illinois, strongly sympathized with 
tlie British. The savages had been hostile and 
restless for some time previous, and blockliouses 
and family forts had been erected at a number 
of points, especially in the settlements most 
exposed to the incursions of the savages. Gov- 
ernor Edwards, becoming appreliensive of an 
outbreak, constructed Fort RilsscU, a few miles 
from Edwardsvillo. Taking the field in person, 
he made this his headciuarters, and collected a 
force of 2.50 mounted volunteers, wlio were later 
reinforced by two companies of rangers, under 
Col. William Russell, numbering about 100 men. 
An independent companj- of twenty-one spies, of 
which John Reynolds— afterwards Governor — 
was a member, was al.so formed and led by Capt. 
Samuel Judy. The Governor organized his little 
army into two regiments under Colonels Rector 



550 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



and Steplienson, Colonel Rnssell serving as 
second to the commander-in-chief, other mem- 
bers of his staff being Secretary Nathaniel Pope 
and Robert K. McLaughlin. On Oct. 18, 1812, 
Governor Edwards, with his men, set out for 
Peoria, where it was expected that their force 
would meet that of General Hopkins, who had 
been sent from Kentucky with a force of 2,000 
men. En route, two Kickapoo villages were 
burned, and a number of Indians unnecessarily 
slain by Edwards' party. Hopkins had orders to 
disperse the Indians on the Illinois and Wabash 
Rivers, and destroy their villages. He deter- 
mined, however, on reaching the headwaters of 
the Vermilion to proceed no farther. Governor 
Edwards reached the head of Peoria Lake, but, 
failing to meet Hopkins, returned to Fort Russell. 
About the same time Capt. Thomas E. Craig led 
a party, in two boats, up the Illinois River to 
Peoria. His boats, as he alleged, having been 
fired upon in the night by Indians, who were har- 
bored and protected by the French citizens of 
Peoria, he burned the greater part of the village, 
and capturing the population, carried them down 
the river, putting tliem on shore, in the early part 
of the winter, just below Alton. Other desultory 
expeditions marked the campaigns of 1813 and 
1814. The Indians meanwhile gaining courage, 
remote settlements were continually harassed 
by marauding bands. Later in 1814, an expedi- 
tion, led by Major (afterwards President) Zachary 
Taylor, ascended the Mississippi as far as Rock 
Island, where he found a large force of Indians, 
supported b}' British regulars with artillery. 
Finding himself unable to cope with so formida- 
ble a foe. Major Taj'lor retreated down the river. 
On the site of the present town of Warsaw he 
threw up fortifications, which he named Fort 
Edwards, from which point he was subsequently 
compelled to retreat. The same year the British, 
with their Indian allies, descended from Macki- 
nac, captured Prairie du C'hien, and burned Forts 
Madison and Johnston, after which they retired 
to Cap au Gris. The treaty of Ghent, signed 
Dec. 24, 1814, closed the war, although no formal 
treaties were made with the tribes until the year 
following. 

WAR OF THE REBELLION. At the outbreak 
of the Civil AVar, the executive chair, in Illinois, 
was occupied by Gov. Richard Yates. Immedi- 
ately upon the issuance of President Lincoln's 
first call for troops (April 1.5, 1861), the Governor 
issued his proclamation summoning tlie Legisla- 
ture together in special session and, the same 
day, issued a call for "six regiments of militia," 



the quota assigned to tlie State under call of the 
President. Public excitement was at fever heat, 
and dormant patriotism in both sexes was 
aroused as never before. Party lines were 
broken down and, with comparatively few excep- 
tions, the mass of the people were actuated by a 
common sentiment of patriotism. On April 19, 
Governor Yates was instructed, by the Secretary 
of War, to take possession of Cairo as an important 
strategic point. At that time, the State militia 
organizations were few in number and poorly 
equipped, consisting chiefly of independent com- 
panies in the larger cities. The Governor acted 
with great promptitude, and, on April 21, seven 
companies, numbering 59.5 men, commanded by 
Gen. Richard K. Swift of Chicago, were en route 
to Cairo. The first volunteer compiny to tender 
its services, in response to Governor Yates" proc- 
lamation, on April 16, was the Zouave Grays of 
Springfield. Eleven other companies were ten- 
dered the same daj', and, by the evening of the 
18th, the number had been increased to fifty. 
Simultaneously with these proceedings, Chicago 
bankers tendered to the Governor a war loan of 
8500,000, and those of Springfield, 8100,000. The 
Legislature, at its special session, passed acts in- 
creasing the efficiency of the militia law, and 
provided for the creation of a war fund of §2,- 
000,000. Besides the six regiments already called 
for, the raising of ten additional volunteer regi- 
ments and one battery of light artillery was 
authorized. The last of the six regiments, 
apportioned to Illinois under the first presidential 
call, was dispatched to Cairo early in May. The 
six regiments were numbered the Seventh to 
Twelfth, inclusive — the earlier numbers. First to 
Sixth, being conceded to the six regiments which 
had served in the war with Mexico. The regi- 
ments were commanded, respectively, bj' Colonels 
John Cook, Richard J. Oglesby, Eleazer A. Paine, 
James D. Morgan, William H. L. Wallace, and 
John McArthur, con.stituting the "First Brigade 
of Illinois Volunteers." Benjamin M. Prentiss, 
having been chosen Brigadier-General on arrival 
at Cairo, assumed command, relieving General 
Swift. The quota under the second call, consist- 
ing of ten regiments, was mustered into service 
within sixty days, 200 companies being tendered 
immediately. Many more volunteered than could 
be accepted, and large numbers crossed to Mis- 
■souri and enlisted in regiments forming in that 
State. During June and Jul}- the Secretary of 
War authorized Governor Yates to recruit twenty- 
two additional regiments (seventeen infantry and 
five cavalry), which were promptly "raised. On 



niSTOKICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



551 



July 22, the ilay following the defeat of the Union 
army at Bull Run, President Lincoln called for 
500,000 more volunteers. Governor Yates im- 
mediately responded with an offer to the War 
Department of sixteen more regiments (thirteen 
of infantry and three of cavalry), and a battalion 
of artillery, adding, that the State claimed it as 
her right, to do her full share tow.ard the preser- 
vation of the Union. Under supjilomental aiithor- 
it3', received from the Secretary of War in 
August, 1861, twelve additional regiments of in- 
fantry and five.of cavalrj' were raised, and, by De- 
cember, 18G1, the State had 43,000 volunteers in 
the field and 17,000 in camps of instruction. 
Other calls were made in July and August, 18(i2, 
each for 300,000 men. Illinois' quota, under both 
calls, was over 52,000 men, no regard being paid 
to the fact that the State had already furnished 
16.000 troops in excess of its ijuotas under previ- 
ous calls. Unless this number of volunteers was 
raised by September 1, a draft would be ordered. 
The tax was a severe one, inasmuch as it would 
fall chiefly upon the ])rosperous citizens, the float- 
ing population, the idle and the extremely poor 
having already followed the army's march, either 
as soldiers or as camp-followers. But recruiting 
w;is actively carried on, and. aided by liberal 
bounties in many of the counties, in less than a 
fortnight the 52,000 new troops were secured, the 
volunteers coming largelj' from the substantial 
classes — agricultural, mercantile, artisan and 
professional. By the end of December, fifty-nine 
regiments and four batteries had been dispatched 
to the front, besides a considerable number to fill 
up regiments already in the field, which had .suf- 
fered severely from battle, exposure and disease. 
At this time. Illinois had an aggregate of over 
135,000 enlisted men in the field. The issue of 
President Lincoln's preliminary proclamation of 
emancipation, in September, 1862, was met tiy a 
storm of hostile criticism from his political 
opponents, who — aided by the absence of so 
large a proportion of the loyal population of the 
State in the field — were able to carry the elec- 
tions of that year. Consequently, when the 
Twenty-third General As.sembly convened in 
regular session at Springfield, on Jan. 5, 1863, a 
large majority of that body was not only opposed 
to both the National and State administrations, 
but avowedly opposed to the further prosecution 
of the war under the existing policy. The Leg- 
islature reconvened in June, but was prorogued 
by Governor Yates Between Oct. 1, 1863, and 
July 1, 1864. 16.000 veterans re-enlisted and 
37.000 new volunteers were enrolled; and, by the 



date la.st mentioned, Illinois had furnished to the 
Union army 244,496 men, being 14,596 in ex- 
cess of the allotted quotas, constituting fifteen 
per cent of the entire population. These were 
comprised in 151 regiments of infantry, 17 of 
cavalry and two complete regiments of artillery, 
besides twelve independent batteries. The total 
losses of Illinois organizations, during the war, 
has been reported at 34,834, of which 5,874 were 
killed in battle, 4,020 died from wounds, 22,786 
from disease and 2,154 from other causes — being 
a total of thirteen per cent of the entire force of 
the State in the service. The part which Illinois 
played in the contest was conspicuous for patriot- 
ism, promptness in response to every call, and 
the bravery and efliciency of its troops in the 
field — reflecting honor upon the State and its his- 
tory. Nor were its loyal citizens — who, while 
staying at home, furnished moral and material 
support to the men at the front — less worthy of 
praise than those who volunteered. By uphold- 
ing the Government — National and State — and 
by their zeal and energy' in collecting and sending 
forward immense quantities of supplies — surgical, 
medical and other — often at no little sacrifice, 
they contributed much to the success of the 
Union arms. (See also Cariqi Douglas; Camp 
Douglas Conspiraey; Secret Treasonable Soci- 
eties.) 

WAR OF THE REBELLION (Uistory ofIlli 
NOis Regiments). The following is a list of the 
various militarj- organizations mustered into the 
service during the Civil War (1861-65), with the 
terms of service and a summar}' of the more 
important events in the history of each, while 
in the field ; 

Seventh Inf.\ntry. Illinois having sent six 
regiments to the Jlexican War, by courtesy the 
numbering of the regiments which took part in 
the war for the Union began with number 
Seven. A number of regiments which responded 
to the first call of the President, claimed the right 
to be recognized as the first regiment in the 
field, but the honor was finally accorded to that 
organized at Springfield by Col. John Cook, and 
hence his regiment was numbered Seventh. It 
was mustereil into the service, April 25, 1861. and 
remained at Mound City during the three months' 
service, the jjeriod of its first enlistment. It was 
subsequentl}' reorganized and mustered for the 
three years' service, July 25, 1861, and was 
engaged in the battles of Fort Donelson, Shiloh, 
Corinth, Cherokee, Allatoona Pa.ss, Salkahatchie 
Swamp, Bentonville and Columbia. The regi- 
ment re-enlisted as veterans at Pulaski, Tenn., 



552 



HISTOEICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



Dec. 23, 1863; was mustered out at Louisville, 
July 9, 1865, and paid off and discharged at 
Springfield, July 11. 

Eighth Infantry. Organized at Springfield, 
and mustered in for three montVis" service, April 
26, 1861, Richard J. Oglesby of Decatur, being 
■ appointed Colonel. It remained at Cairo during 
its term of service, when it was mustered out. 
July 2.5, 1861, it was reorganized and mustered in 
for three years' service. It participated in the 
battles of Fort Donelson, Shiloh, Port Gibson, 
Thompson Hill, Raymond, Cliampion Hill, Vicks- 
burg, Brownsville, and Sijanish Fort ; re-enlisted 
as veterans, March 24, 1864 ; was mustered out at 
Baton Rouge, May 4, 1866, paid otf and dis- 
charged, May VS, having served five j'ears. 

Ninth Infantry. Mustered into the service 
at Springfield, April 26, 1861, for the term of 
three months, under Col. Eleazer A. Paine. It 
was reorganized at Cairo, in August, for three 
years, being composed of companies from St. 
Clair, Madison, Montgomery, Pulaski, Alexander 
and Mercer Counties ; was engaged at Fort Donel- 
son, Shiloh, Jackson (Tenn.), Meed Creek 
Swamps, Salem, Wyatt, Florence, Montezuma, 
Athens and Grenada. Tlie regiment was mounted, 
March 15, 1863, and so continued during the 
remainder of its service. Mustered out at Louis- 
ville, July 9, 1865. 

Tenth Infantry. Organized and mustered 
into the service for three months, on April 29, 
1861, at Cairo, and on July 29, 1861, was mustered 
into the service for three years, with Col. James 
D. Morgan in command. It was engaged at 
Sj'keston, New Madrid, Corinth, Missionary 
Ridge, Buzzard's Roost, Resaca, Rome, Kenesaw, 
Cliattahoochie, Savannah and Bentonville. Re- 
enlisted as veterans, Jan. 1, 1864, and mustered 
out of service, July 4, 1865. at Louisville, and 
received final discharge and pay, July 11, 1865, 
at Chicago. 

Eleventh Infantry. Organized at Spring- 
field and mustered into service, April 30, 1861. 
for three months. July 30, the regiment was 
mustered out, and re-enlisted for three years' 
.service. It was engaged at Fort Donelson, 
Shiloh. Corinth, Tallahatchie, Vicksburg, Liver- 
pool Heights, Yazoo City, Spanish Fort and 
Fort Blakely. W. H. L. Wallace, afterwards 
Brigadier-General and killed at Shiloh, was its 
first Colonel. Mustered out of service, at Baton 
Rouge, July 14, 1865 ; paid off and discharged at 
Springfield. 

Twelfth Infantry. Mustered into service 
for three years, August 1, 1861 ; was engaged at 



Columbus, Fort Donelson, Shiloh, Corinth, Lay's 
Ferry, Rome Cross Roads, Dallas, Kenesaw, 
Nickajack Creek, Bald Knob, Decatur, Ezra 
Cliurch, Atlanta, Allatoona and Goldsboro. On 
Jan. 16, 1864, the regiment re-enlisted as veter- 
ans. John McArthur was its first Colonel, suc- 
ceeded by Augustus L. Chetlain, both being 
promoted to Brigadier-Generalships. Mustered 
out of service at Louisville, Ky., July 10, 1865, 
and received final pay and discharge, at Spring- 
field, July 18. 

Thirteenth Infantry. One of the regiments 
organized under the act known as the "Ten Regi- 
ment Bill" ; was mustered into service on May 24, 
1861, for three years, at Dixon, with John B. 
Wyman as Colonel; was engaged at Chickasaw 
Bayou, Arkansas Post, Vicksburg, Jackson, Mis- 
sionary Ridge, Rossville and Ringgold Gap. 
Mustered out at Springfield, June 18, 1864, hav- 
ing served three years and two months. 

Fourteenth Infantry. One of the regiments 
raised under the "Ten Regiment Bill," which 
anticipated the requirements of the General 
Government by organizing, equipping and dril- 
ling a regiment in each Congressional District in 
the State for thirty days, unless sooner required 
for service by the United States. It was mustered 
in at Jacksonville for three years. May 25, 1861, 
under command of John M. Palmer as its first 
Colonel; was engaged at Shiloh, Corinth, Meta- 
mora, Vicksburg, Jackson, Fort Beauregard and 
Meridian; consolidated with tlie Fifteenth Infan- 
try, as a veteran battalion (both regiments hav- 
ing enlisted as veterans), on July 1, 1864. In 
October, 1864, the major part of the battalion 
was captured by General Hood and sent to 
Andersonville. The remainder participated in 
the "March to the Sea," and through the cam- 
paign in the CaroUnas. In the spring of 1865 the 
battalion organization was discontinued, both 
regiments having been filled up by recruits. The 
regiment was mustered out at Fort Leaven- 
worth, Kan., .Sept. 16, 1865; and arrived at 
Springfield, 111., Sept. 22, 2865, where it received 
final payment and discharge. The aggregate 
number of men who belonged to this organization 
was 1,980, and the aggregate mustered out at 
Fort Leavenworth, 480. During its four years 
and four months of service, the regiment 
marched 4,490 miles, traveled by rail, 2,330 miles, 
and, by river, 4,490 miles— making an aggregate 
of 11,670 miles. 

Fifteenth Infantry. Raised under the "Ten 
Regiment Act," in the (then) First Congressional 
District; was organized at Freeport, and mus- 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



553 



tered into seiTice, Maj' 24. 1.%1. It was engaged 
at Sedalia, Shiloh, Corinth, Metaniora Hill, 
Vicksburg, Fort Beauregard, Champion Hill, 
Allatoona and Bentonville. In March. 18G4, the 
regiment re-enlisted as veterans, and, in July, 
1864, was consolidated with the Fourteenth Infan- 
try as a Veteran Battalion. At Big Shanty and 
Ackworth a large portion of the battalion was 
captured by General Hood. At Raleigli the 
Veteran Battalion was discontinued and the 
Fifteenth reorganized. From July 1. to Sept. 1, 
18G.5, the regiment was stationed at Forts Leaven- 
worth and Kearney. Having been mustered out 
at Fort Leavenworth, it was sent to Springfield 
for final payment and discharge — having served 
four years and four months. Miles marched, 
4,299; miles by rail, 2.403, miles by steamer, 
4,310; men enlisted from date of organization, 
1,963; strength at date of muster-out, 640. 

Sixteenth Infaxtrv. Organized and mus- 
tered into service at Quincy under the "Ten-Regi- 
ment Act," May 24, 1861. The regiment was 
engaged at New Madrid, Tiptonville, Corinth, 
Buzzards' Roost, Resaca, Rome, Kenesaw Moun- 
tain, Chattahoochie River, Peach Tree Creek, 
Atlanta, Savannah. Columbia, Fayetteville, 
Averysboro and Bentonville. In December, 
1864, the regiment re-enlisted as veterans; was 
mustered out at Louisville. Ky. , July 8, 1805, 
after a term of service of four years and three 
months, and, a week later, arrived at Spring- 
field, where it received its final pay and discharge 
papers. 

Seventeenth Infantry. Mustered into the 
service at Peoria, 111., on May 24, 1861; was 
engaged at Fredericktown (Mo.), Greenfield 
(Ark.), Sliiloli, Corinth, Hatchie and Vicksburg. 
In Jlay, 1864. the term of enlistment having 
expired, the regiment was ordered to Springfield 
for pay and discharge. Those men and officers 
who re-enlisted, and those whose term had not 
expired, were consolidated with the Eighth Infan- 
try, which was mustered out in the spring of 1866. 

Eighteenth Infantry. Organized under the 
provisions of the "Ten Regiment Bill," at Anna, 
and mustered into the service on May 28, 1861, 
the term of enlistment being for three yeiirs. 
The regiment participated in the capture of Fort 
McHenry, and was actively engaged at Fort 
Donelson, Shiloh and Corinth. It was mustered 
out at Little Rock, Dec. 16, 1865, and Dec. 31, 
thereafter, arrived at Springfield, IlL, for pay- 
ment and discharge. The aggregate enlistments 
in the regiment, from its organization to date of 
discharge (rank and file), numbered 2.043. 



Nineteenth Infantry. Mustered into the 
United States service for three years, June 17, 
1861, at Chicago, embracing four companies 
which had been accepted under the call for three 
months' men; participated in the battle of 
Stone River and in the Tullahoma and Chatta- 
nooga campaigns; was also engaged at Davis' 
Cross Roads, Chickamauga, Missionary Ridge and 
Resaca. It was mustered out of service on July 
9, 1864, at Chicago. Originally consisting of 
nearly 1,000 men, besides a large number of 
recruits received during the war, its strength at 
the final muster-out was less than 300. 

Twentieth Infantry, Organized, May 14, 
1861, at Joliet, and June 13, 1801, and mustered 
into the service for a term of three years. It 
participated in the following engagements, bat- 
tles, sieges, etc.: Fredericktown (Mo.), Fort 
Donelson. Sliiloh, Corinth, Thomp.son's Planta- 
tion, Champion Hills, Big Black River, Vicks- 
burg, Kone.saw Mountain and Atlanta. After 
marching through the Carolinas, the regiment 
was finally ordered to Louisville, where it was 
nuLstered out, July 16, 1865, receiving its final 
discharge at Chicago, on July 24. 

Twenty-first Infantry. Organized vmder 
the "Ten Regiment Bill," from the (then) Sev- 
enth Congressional District, at Mattoon, and 
mustered into service for three years, June 28, 
1861. Its first Colonel was U. S. Grant, who was 
in command until August 7, when he was com- 
missioned Brigadier-General. It was engaged 
at Fredericktown (Mo.), Corinth, Perry ville, Mur- 
freesboro, Liberty Gap, Chickamauga, Jonesboro, 
Franklin and Nashville. The regiment re-enlisted 
as veterans, at Chattanooga, in February, 1864. 
From Juno, 1864, to December, 1865, it was on 
duty in Texas. Mustered out at San Antonio, 
Duo. 16, 1865, and i)aid off and discharged at 
Springfield, .Ian. 18, 1866. 

Twenty-second Inf.\ntey. Organized at 
Belleville, and mastered into service, for three 
years, at Caseyville, 111., June 25, 1861; was 
engaged at Belmont, Charleston (Mo.), Sikestown, 
Tiptonville, Farmington, Corinth, Stone River, 
Chickamauga, Missionarj- Ridge, Resaca, New 
Hope Church, and all the battles of the Atlanta 
campaign, except Rocky Face Ridge. It was 
mustered out at Springfield, July 7, 1864, the vet- 
erans and recruits, whose term of service had not 
expired, being consolidated with the Forty-second 
Regiment Illinois Infantry Volunteers. 

Twenty-third Infantry. The organization 
of the Twenty-third Infantry Volunteers com- 
menced, at Chicago, under the popular name of 



554 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



the "Irish Brigade," immediately upon tlie 
opening of hostilities at Sumter. The formal 
muster of the regiment, under the command of 
Col. James A. Mulligan, was made, June 15, 1861, 
at Chicago, when it was occupying barracks 
known as Kane's brewery near the river on 
West Polk Street. It was early ordered to North- 
ern Missouri, and was doing gari'ison duty at 
Lexington, when, in September, 1861, it surren- 
dered with the rest of the gan-ison, to the forces 
under the rebel General Price, and was paroled. 
From Oct. 8, 1861, to June 14, 1862. it was detailed 
to guard prisoners at Camp Douglas. Thereafter 
it participated in engagements in the Virginias, 
as follows: at South Fork, Greenland Gap, Phi- 
lippi, Hedgeville, Leetown, Maryland Heights, 
Snicker's Gap, Kernstown, Cedar Creek, Win- 
chester, Charlestown, Berryville, Opequan Creek, 
Fisher's Hill, Harrisonburg, Hatcher's Run and 
Petersburg. It also took part in the siege of 
Richmond and the pursuit of Lee, being present 
at the surrender at Appomattox. In January 
and February, 1864, the regiment re-enlisted as 
veterans, at Greenland Gap, W. Va. In August, 
1864, the ten companies of the Regiment, then 
numbering 440, were consolidated into five com- 
panies and designated, "Battalion, Twenty-third 
Regiment, lUiuois Veteran Volunteer Infantry." 
The regiment was thanked by Congress for its 
part at Lexington, and was authorized to inscribe 
Lexington upon its colors. (See also Mulligan, 
James A.) 

Twenty-fourth Infantry, (known as the 
First Hecker Regiment). Organized at Chicago, 
with two companies — to-wit: the Union Cadets 
and the Lincoln Rifles — from the three months' 
service, in June. 1861, and mustered in, July 8, 
1861. It participated in the battles of Perry ville, 
Murfreesboro, Chickamauga, Resaca, Kenesaw 
Mountain and other engagements in the Atlanta 
campaign. It was mustered out of service at 
Chicago, August 6, 1864. A fraction of the regi- 
ment, which had been recruited in the field, and 
whose term of service had not expired at the date 
of muster-out, was organized into one company 
and attached to the Third Brigade, First Divi- 
sion, Fourteenth Army Corps, and mustered out 
at Camp Butler, August 1, 1865. 

Twenty-fifth Infantry. Organized from 
the counties of Kankakee, Iroquois, Ford, Vermil- 
ion, Douglas, Coles, Champaign and Edgar, and 
mustered into service at St. Louis, August 4, 1861. 
It participated in the battles of Pea Ridge, Stone 
River, Chickamauga, Missionary Ridge, in the 
siege of Corinth, the battle of Kenesaw Moun- 



tain, the siege of Atlanta, and innumerable skir- 
mishes ; was mustered out at Springfield, Sept. 5, 
1864. During its three years' .service the regi- 
ment traveled 4,962 miles, of which 3,252 were on 
foot, the remainder by steamboat and railroad. 

Twenty'-sixth Infantry'. Mustered into serv- 
ice, consisting of seven companies, at Springfield, 
August 31, 1861. On Jan. 1, 1864, the regiment 
re-enlisted as veterans. It was authorized by the 
commanding General to inscribe upon its ban- 
ners "New Madrid'' ; "Island No. 10;" "Farming- 
ton;" "Siege of Corinth;" "luka;" "Corinth— 
3d and 4th, 1862;" "Resaca;" "Kenesaw;" "Ezra 
Church;" "Atlanta;" "Jonesboro;" "Griswold- 
ville;" "McAllister;" "Savannah;" "Columbia," 
and "Bentonville." It was mustered out at 
Louisville, July 20, 1865, and paid ofT and 
discharged, at Springfield, July 28 — the regiment 
having marched, during its four years of service, 
6,931 miles, and fought twenty -eight hard battles, 
besides innumerable skirmishes. 

Twenty-seventh Infantry". First organized, 
with only seven companies, at Springfield, 
August 10, 1861, and organization completed by 
the addition of three more companies, at Cairo, 
on September 1. It took part in the battle of Bel- 
mont, the siege of Island No. 10, and the battles 
of Farmington, Nashville, Murfreesboro, Chicka- 
mauga, Jlissionary Ridge, Rocky Face Ridge, 
Resaca, Calhoun, Adairsville, Dallas, Pine Top 
Mountain and Kenesaw Mountain, as well as in 
the investment of Atlanta; was relieved from 
duty, August 25, 1864, while at the front, and 
mustered out at Springfield, September 20. Its 
veterans, with the recruits whose term of serv- 
ice had not expired, were consolidated with the 
Ninth Infantry. 

Twent\"-eighth Infantry. Composed of 
companies from Pike. Fulton, Schuyler, Mason, 
Scott and Menard Counties; was organized at 
Springfield, August 15, 1861, and mustered into 
service for three years. It participated in the 
battles of Shiloh and Metamora, the siege of 
Vicksburg and the battles of Jackson, Mississippi, 
and Fort Beauregard, and in the capture of 
Spanish Fort, Fort Blakely and Mobile. From 
June, 1864, to March, 1866, it was stationed in 
Texas, and was mustered out at Brownsville, in 
that State, IMarch 15, 1866, having served four 
years and seven months. It was discharged, at 
Springfield, May 13, 1866. 

Twenty'-ninth Infantry. Mustered into serv- 
ice at Springfield, August 19, 1861, and was 
engaged at Fort Donelson and Shiloh, and in the 
sieges of Corinth, Vicksburg and Mobile. Eight 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



555 



companies were detailed for duty at Holly Springs, 
and were there captured by General Van Dorn, 
in December, 18(53, but were exchanged, six 
months later. In January, 1864, tlie regiment 
re-enlisted as veterans, and, from June, 18()4, to 
November, 1865, was on duty in Texas. It was 
mustered out of service in that State, Nov. 6, 
186"), and received final discharge on November 28. 

TiiiiiTiETii Inf.\ntry. Organized at Spring- 
field, August 28, 18G1 ; was engaged at Belmont, 
Fort Donelson, the siege of Corinth, Medan 
Station, Raymond, Champion Hills, the sieges of 
Vicksburg and Jackson, Big Slianty, Atlanta, 
Savannah, Pocotaligo, Orangeburg, Columbia, 
Cheraw, and Fayetteville ; mustered out, July 
17, 186.'), and received final payment and discharge 
at Springfield, July 27, ISOj. 

Thirty-first Infantry. Organized at Cairo, 
and there mustered into service on Sept. 18, 
1861 ; was engaged at Belmont, Fort DoneLson, 
Shiloh, in the two expeditions against Vicks- 
burg, at Thompson's Hill, Ingram Heights, Ray- 
mond, Jackson, Champion Hill, Big Shanty, 
Kenesaw Mountain, Atlanta, Lovejoy Station and 
Jonesboro; also participated in the "March to 
the Sea" and took part in the battles and skir- 
mishes at Columbia, Clieraw, Fayetteville and 
Bentonville. A majority of the regiment re- 
enlisted as veterans in March, 18(i4. It was 
mustered out at Louisville, July 19, 1865, and 
finalh' discharged at Springfield, July 2:S. 

Thirty-second Inf.\ntry. Organized at 
Springfield and mustered into service, Dec. 31, 
1861. By special authority from the War Depart- 
ment, it originally consisted of ten companies of 
infantry, one of cavalry, and a battery. It was 
engaged at Fort Donelson, Shiloh, in the sieges 
of Corinth and Vicksburg, and in the battles of 
La Grange, Grand Junction, Metamora. Harrison- 
burg, Kenesaw Mountain, Xickajack Creek, 
AUatoona, Savannah, Columbia, Clieraw and 
Bentonville. In January, 1864, the regiment 
re-enlisted as veterans, and, in June, 1865, was 
ordered to Fort Leavenworth. Mustered out 
there, Sept. 16, 1865, and finally discharged at 
Springfield. 

Thirty-third Inf.vntry. Organized and mus- 
tered into service at Springfield in September, 
1861; was engaged at Fredericktown (Mo.). Port 
Gibson. Champion Hills, Black River Bridge, the 
assault and siege of Vicksburg. siege of Jackson, 
Fort Esperanza, and in the expedition against 
Mobile. The regiment veteranized at Vicksburg. 
Jan. 1, 1864 : was mustered out, at the same point, 
Nov. 24, 1865, and finally discharged at Spring- 



field. Dec. 6 and 7, 1865. The aggregate enroll- 
ment of the regiment was between 1,900 and 
2,000. 

Thirty-fourth Infantry. Organized at 
Springfield, Sept. 7, 1861 , was engaged at Shiloh, 
Corinth. ]Murfreesboro, Rocky Face Ridge, Re- 
saca, Big Shanty, Kenesaw Mountain, Atlanta, 
Jonesboro, and, after participating in tlie "March 
to the Sea" and through the Carolinas, took part 
in the battle of Bentonville. After the surrender 
of Johnston, the regiment went with Sherman's 
Arm}' to Washington, D. C, and took part in the 
grand review. May 24, 1865; left Washington, 
June 12, and arrived at Louisville, Ky., June 18, 
where it was mustered out, on July 12; was dis- 
charged and paid at Chicago, July 17, 1865. 

Thirty-fifth Infantry. Organized at De- 
catur on July 3, 1861, and its services tendered to 
the President, being accepted by the Secretary of 
War as "Col. G. A. Smith's Independent Regi- 
ment of Illinois Volunteers," on July 23, and 
mustered into service at St. Louis, August 13. It 
was engaged at Pea Ridge and in the siege of 
Corinth, also participated in the battles of Perry- 
ville. Stone River, Chickamauga, Missionary 
Ridge, Rocky Face Ridge, Resaca, Dallas and 
Kenesaw. Its final muster-out took place at 
Springfield, Sept. 27, 1864. the regiment having 
marched (exclusive of railroad and steamboat 
transportation) 3.056 miles. 

Thirty-sixth Infantry. Organized at Camp 
Hammond, near Aurora, III., and mustered into 
service, Sept. 23, 1861, for a term of three years. 
The regiment, at its organization, numbered 965 
officers and enlisted men, and had two companies 
of Cavalry ("A" and "B"), 186 officers and 
men. It was engaged at Leetown, Pea Ridge, 
Perryville, Stone River, Chickamauga. the siege 
of Chattanooga, Missionary Ridge, Rocky Face 
Ridge. Resaca, Adairsville, New Hope Church, 
Kenesaw Mountain, Peach Tree Creek, Jones- 
boro, Franklin and Nashville. Mustered out, 
Oct. 8, 1865, and disbanded, at Springfield, Oct. 
27, having marched and been transported, during 
its term of service, more tlian 10,000 miles. 

Thirty-seventh Infantry. Familiarly known 
as "Fremont Rifles"; organized in August, 1801, 
and mustered into service, Sept. 18. The regi- 
ment was presented with battle-flags by the Chi- 
cago Board of Trade. It participated in the 
battles of Pea Ridge, Neosho, Prairie Grove and 
Chalk Bluffs, the siege of Vicksburg, and in the 
battles of Yazoo City and Morgan's Bend. In 
October. 1863, it was ordered to the defense of the 
frontier along the Rio Grande; re-enliated aa 



550 



HISTOEICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



Teterans in Februan', 1804; took part in the 
siege and storming of Fort Blakely and tlie cap- 
ture of Mobile; from July, 18G5, to May, 1866, 
was again on duty in Texas ; was mustered out 
at Houston, May 15, 18G6, and finally discliarged 
at Springfield, May 31, having traveled .some 
17,000 miles, of which nearly 3,300 were by 
inarching. 

Thirty-eighth Infantry. Organized at 
Springfield, in September, 1861. The regiment 
was engaged in the battles of Fredericktown, 
Perryville, Knob Gap, Stone River, Liberty Gap, 
Chickamauga, Pine Top, Kenesaw Jlountain, 
Atlanta, Jonesboro, Franklin and Nashville; 
re-enlisted as veterans in February, 1804; from 
June to December, 1865, was on duty in Louisi- 
ana and Texas; was mustered out at Victoria, 
Texas, Dec. 31, 1865, and received final discharge 
at Springfield. 

Thirty-ninth Infantry. The organization of 
tliis Regiment was commenced as soon as the 
news of the firing on Fort Sumter reached Chi- 
cago. General Tliomas O. Osborne was one of its 
contemplated field ofl5cers, and labored zealously 
to get it accepted under the first call for troops, 
but did not accomplish his object. The regiment 
had already assumed the name of the "Yates 
Phalanx" in honor of Governor Yates. It was 
accepted by the War Department on the day 
succeeding tlie first Bull Run disaster (July 22, 
1861), and Austin Light, of Chicago, was appointed 
Colonel. Under his direction the organization was 
completed, and the regiment left Camp Mather, 
Chicago, on the morning of Oct. 18, 1861. It par- 
ticipated in the battles of Winchester, JIalvern 
Hill (the second), Morris Island, Fort Wagner, 
Drury's Bluff, and in numerous engagements 
before Petersburg and Richmond, including the 
capture of Fort Gregg, and was present at Lee's 
surrender at Appomattox. In the meantime the 
regiment re-enlisted as veterans, at Hilton Head, 
S. C, in September, 1863. It was mustered out 
at Norfolk, Dec. 6, 1865, and received final dis- 
charge at Cliicago, December 16. 

Fortieth Infantry. Enlisted from the coun- 
ties of Franklin, Hamilton, Wayne, White, 
Wabash, Marion, Clay and Fayette, and mustered 
into service for three years at Springfield, 
August 10, 1861. It was engaged at Shiloh, in 
the siege of Corinth, at Jackson (Miss. ) , in the 
siege of Vicksburg, at Mi.ssionary Ridge, New 
Hope Church, Black Jack Knob, Kenesaw Moun- 
tain, Atlanta, Jonesboro, Ezra Chapel, Gris- 
woldville, siege of Savannah, Columbia (.S. C), 
and Bentonville. It re-enlisted, as veterans, at 



Scottsboro, Ala., Jan. 1, 1864, and was mustered 
out at Louisville, July 24, 1865, receiving final 
discharge at Springfield. 

Forty-first Infantry'. Organized at Decatur 
during July and August, 1861, and was mustered 
into service, August 5. It was engaged at Fort 
Donelson, Shiloh, the siege of Corinth, the second 
battle of Corinth, the siege of Vicksburg and 
Jackson, in the Red River campaign, at Guntown, 
Kenesaw Mountain and Allatoona, and partici- 
pated in the "March to the Sea." It re-enlisted, 
as veterans, March 17, 1864, at Vicksburg, and 
was consolidated with the Fifty-third Infantry, 
Jan. 4, 1865, forming Companies G and H. 

Forty-second Infantry. Organized at Chi- 
cago, July 22, 1861 ; was engaged at Island No. 10, 
the siege of Corinth, battles of Farmington, 
Columbia (Tenn.), was besieged at Nashville, 
engaged at Stone River, in the TuUahoma cam- 
paign, at Chickamauga, Missionary Ridge, Rocky 
Face Ridge, Resaca, Adairsville, New Hope 
Church, Pine and Kenesaw Mountains, Peach 
Tree Creek, Atlanta, Jonesboro, Lovejoy Station, 
Spring Hill, Franklin and Nashville. It re- 
enlisted, as veterans, Jan. 1, 1864; was stationed 
in Texas from July to December, 1865; was mus- 
tered out at Indianola, in that State, Dec. 16, 
1865, and finally discharged, at Springfield, Jan. 
12, 1866. 

Forty-third Infantry. Organized at Spring- 
field in September, 1861, and mustered into 
service on Oct. 12. The regiment took part in 
the battles of Fort Donelson, Shiloh and in the 
campaigns in West Tennessee, Mississippi and 
Arkan.sas; was mustered out at Little Rock, 
Nov. 30, 1865, and returned to Springfield for 
final pay and discharge, Dec. 14, 1865. 

Forty'-fourth Infantry'. Organized in Au- 
gust, 1861, at Chicago, and mustered into service, 
Sept. 13, 1861 ; was engaged at Pea Ridge, 
Perryville, Stone River, Hoover's Gap, Shelby- 
ville, Tullahoma, Chickamauga, Missionary 
Ridge, Buzzard's Roost, Rocky Face Ridge, 
Adairsville, Dallas, New Hope Church, Kene- 
saw Mountain, Gulp's Farm, Chattahoochie 
River, Peach Tree Creek, Atlanta, Jonesboro, 
Franklin and Nashville. The regiment re-enlisted 
as veterans in Tennessee, in January, 1864. 
From June to September, 1865, it was stationed 
in Louisiana and Texas, was mustered out at 
Port Lavaca, Sept. 25, 1865, and received final 
discharge, at Springfield, three weeks later. 

Forty-fifth Infantry. Originally called 
the "Washburne Lead Mine Regiment"; was 
organized at Galena, July 23, 1861, and mustered 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



557 



into service at Chicago, Dec. 25, 18G1. It was 
engaged at Fort Donelson, Sliiloli, the siege of 
Corinth, battle of Mecian, the campaign against 
Vicksburg, the Jleridian raid, the Atlanta cam- 
paign, the "March to the Sea," and tlie advance 
througli tlio Carolinas. Tlio regiment veteran- 
ized in January, 18G4; was mustered out of serv- 
ice at Louisville, Ky., July 12, 18G.5, and arrived 
in Chicago, July 15, 186,5, for final pay and dis- 
charge. Distance marched in four years, 1.750 
miles. 

Forty-sixth Infantry. Organized at Spring- 
field, Dec. 28, 1861 ; was engaged at Fort Donel- 
son, Shiloh, the siege of Corinth, battle of 
Metamora, siege of Vicksburg (where five com- 
ixinies of the regiment were captured), in the 
reduction of Spanish Fort and Fort Blakeley, 
and the capture of Mobile. It was mustered in 
as a veteran regiment, Jan. 4, 1864. From Maj', 

1865, to January, 1866, it was on dut)' in Louisi- 
ana ; was mustered out at Baton Rouge, Jan. 20, 

1866, and, on Feb. 1, 1866, finally paid and dis- 
charged at Springfield. 

Forty-skventh Inf.\nthy. Organized and 
mu.stered into service at Peoria, III., on August 
16, 1861. The regiment took part in tlie expe- 
dition against New Madrid and Island No. 10; 
also participated in tlie battles of Farmington, 
luka, the second battle of Corintli, the capture 
of Jackson, the siege of Vicksburg, the Red 
River expedition and the battle of Pleasant Hill, 
and in the struggle at Lake Chicot. It was 
ordered to Chicago to assist in tiuelling an antici- 
pated riot, in 1864. but, returning to the front, 
took part in the reduction of Spanish Fort and 
the capture of Mobile ; was mustered out. Jan. 
21, 1866, at Selma, Ala., and ordered to Spring- 
field, where it received final pay and discharge. 
Those members of the regiment who did not re-en- 
list as veterans were mustered out, Oct. 11, 1864. 

Forty-f.iohth Infantry'. Organized at Spring- 
field, Sei)tember, 1801, and participated in battles 
and sieges as follows: Fort Henry and Fort 
Donelson, Shiloh, Corinth (siege of), Vicksburg 
(first expedition against). Missionary Ridge, as 
well as in the Atlanta campaign and the "March 
to the Sea." The regiment re-enlisted as veter- 
ans, at Scottsboro. Ala., Jan. 1, 1864; was mus- 
tered out, August 15, 1865, at Little Rock, Ark., 
and ordered to Springfield for final discharge, 
arriving, August 21, 1805. The distance marche<l 
was 3,000 miles; moved by water, 5,000; by rail- 
road, 3,450~total. 11.450. 

Forty-ninth Infantry. Organized at Spring- 
field, 111., Dec. ;31. 1801: was engaged at Fort 



Donelson, Shiloh and Little Rock; took part in 
the campaign against Meridian and in the Red 
River expedition, being in the battle of Pleasant 
Hill, Jan. 15, 1864; three-fourths of the regiment 
re-enlisted and were mustered in as veterans, 
returning to Illinois on furlough. The non- 
veterans took part in the battle of Tupelo. The 
regiment participated in the battle of Nashville, 
and was nmstered out, Sept. 9, 1865, at Paducah, 
Ky., and arrived at Springfield, Sept, 15, 1865, 
for final payment and discharge. 

Fiftieth Infantry. Organized at Quincy, in 
August, 1801, and mustered into service, Sept. 12, 
1801 ; was engaged at Fort Donelson, Sliiloh, the 
siege of Corinth, the second battle of Corinth, 
AUatoona and Bentonville, besides many minor 
engagements. The regiment was mounted, Nov. 
17, 1863; re-enli.sted as veterans, Jan. 1, 1804, was 
mustered out at Louisville, July 13, 1865, and 
reached Springfield, the following day, for final 
pay and discliarge. 

Fifty-first Infantry. Organized at Chi- 
cago, Dec. 24, 1861 ; was engaged at New Madrid, 
Ishmd No. 10, Farmington, the siege of Corinth, 
Stone River, Chickamauga, Missionary Ridge, 
Rocky Face Ridge, Resaca, Dallas, Kenesaw 
Mountain, Peach Tree Creek, Atlanta, Jones- 
boro. Spring Hill, Franklin and Nashville. Tlie 
regiment was mustered in as veterans, Feb. 16, 
1804 ; from July to September, 1865, was on duty 
in Texas, and mustered out, Sept. 25, 1865, at 
Camp Irwin, Texas, arriving at Springfield, 111., 
Oct. 15, 1865, for final payment and discharge. 

Fifty-second Infantry. Organized at Ge- 
neva in November, 1861, and mustered into serv- 
ice. Nov. 19. The regiment participated in the 
following battles, sieges and expeditions: Shiloh, 
Corinth (siege and second battle of), luka. Town 
Creek, Snake Creek Gap, Resaca, Laj-'s Ferry, 
Rome Cross Roads, Dallas, Kene-saw Mountain, 
Nickajack Creek, Decatur, Atlanta, Jonesboro 
and Bentonville. It veteranized. Jan. 9, 1864; 
was mustered out at Louisville, July 4, 1865, 
and received final payment and discharge at 
Springfield, July 12. 

Fifty-third Infantry. Organized at Ottawa 
in the winter of 1861-02, and ordered to Chicago, 
Feb. 27, 1862, to complete its organization. It 
took part in the siege of Corinth, and was engaged 
at Davis' Bridge, the siege of Vicksburg, in the 
Meridian campaign, at Jackson, the siege of 
Atlanta, the "March to the Sea," the capture of 
Savannah and the campaign in the Carolinas, 
including tlie battle of Bentonville. The regi- 
ment was mustered out of service at Louisville, 



558 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



July 22, 1865, and received final discharge, at 
Chicago, July 28. It marched 3,855 miles, and 
was transported by boat and cars. 4,168 miles. 
Over 1,800 officers and men belonged to the regi- 
ment during its term of service. 

Fifty-fourth Infantry. Organized at Anna, 
in November, 1861, as a part of the "Kentucky 
Brigade," and was mustered into service, Feb. 
18, 1863. No complete hi.story of the regiment 
can be given, owing to the loss of its official 
records. It served mainly in Kentuckj-. Tennes- 
see, Mississij^pi and Arkansas, and always effect- 
ively. Three-fourths of the men re-enlisted as 
veterans, in January, 1864. Six companies were 
captured by the rebel General Slielby, in August, 
1864, and were exchanged, the following De- 
cember. The regiment was mustered out at 
Little Rock, Oct. 15, 1865; arrived at Siiringfiekl, 
Oct. 26, and was discharged. During its organi- 
zation, the regiment had 1,343 enlisted men and 
71 commissioned officers. 

Fifty-fifth Infantry. Organized at Chi- 
cago, and mustered into service, Oct. 31, 1861. 
The regiment originally formed a part of the 
"Douglas Brigade," being chiefly recruited from 
the young farmers of Fulton, McDonough, 
Grundy, La Salle, De Kalb, Kane and Winnebago 
* Counties. It participated in the battles of Sliiloh 
and Corinth, and in the Tallahatchie cami)aign; 
in the battles of Cliickasaw Bayou, Arkansas 
Post, around Vicksburg, and at Missionary Ridge ; 
was in the Atlanta camjiaign, notably in the 
battles of Kenesaw Mountain and Jonesboro. In 
all, it was engaged in thirty -one battles, and was 
138 days under fire. The total mileage traveled 
amounted to 11,965, of which 3,340 miles were 
actually marched. Re-enlisted as veterans, wliile 
at Larkinsville, Tenn.,was mustered out at Little 
Rock. August 14, 1865, receiving final discharge 
at Chicago, the same month. 

Fifty'-sixth Infantry*. Organized with com- 
panies principally enlisted from the counties of 
Massac, Pope, Gallatin, Saline, White, Hamilton, 
Franklin and Wayne, and mustered in at Camp 
Mather, near Shawneetown. The regiment par- 
ticipated in the siege, and second battle, of 
Corinth, the Yazoo expedition, the siege of 
Vicksburg — being engaged at Champion Hills, 
and in numerous assaults; also took part in the 
battles of Missionary Ridge and Resaca, and in 
the campaign in the Carolinas, including the 
battle of Bentonville. Some 200 members of the 
regiment perished in a wreck off Cape Hatteras, 
March 31, 1865. It was mustered out in Arkan- 
sas, August 13, 1865. 



FiFTY"-SEVEXTH Inf.\ntry. Mustered into serv- 
ice, Dee. 36, 1861, at Chicago; took part in the 
battles of Fort Donelson and Shiloh, the siege of 
Corinth, and the second battle at that point ; was 
also engaged at Resaca, Rome Cross Roads and 
Allatoona; participated in the investment and 
capture of Savannah, and the campaign through 
the Carolinas, including the battle of Benton- 
ville. It was mustered out at Louisville, July T, 
1865, and received final discharge at Chicago, 
July 14. 

FiFTY'-EiGHTH INFANTRY. Recruited at Chi- 
cago, Feb. 11, 1862; participated in the battles of 
Fort Donelson and Sliiloh, a large number of tlie 
regiment being captured during the latter engage- 
ment, but subsequently exchanged. It took part 
in the siege of Corinth and the battle of luka, 
after which detachments were sent to Springfield 
for recruiting and for guarding prisoners. 
Returning to the front, the regiment was engaged 
in the capture of Meridian, the Red River cara- 
pai.gn, the taking of Fort de Russey, and in many 
minor battles in Louisiana, It was mustered out 
at Montgomery, Ala,, April 1, 1866, and ordered 
to Springfield for final payment and discharge. 

Fifty-ninth Infantry'. Originally known as 
the Ninth Missouri Infantry, although wholly 
recruited in Illinois, It was organized at St. 
Louis, Sept. 18, 1861, the name being changed to 
the Fifty-ninth Illinois, Feb. 12, 1863, by order of 
the War Department. It was engaged at Pea 
Ridge, formed part of the reserve at Farmington, 
took part at Perry ville, Nolansville,_Knob Gap 
and Murfreesboro, in the Tullahoma campaign 
and the siege of Chattanooga, in the battles of 
Missionary Ridge, Resaca, Adairsville, Kingston, 
Dallas, Ackworth, Pine Top, Kenesaw Mountain, 
Smyrna, Atlanta, Spring Hill, Franklin and 
Nashville, Having re-enlisted as veterans, the 
regiment was ordered to Texas, in June, 1865, 
where it was mustered out, December, 1865, 
receiving its final discharge at Springfield, 

Sixtieth Infantry. Organized at Anna, 111., 
Feb. 17, 1862; took part in the siege of Corinth 
and was besieged at Nashville. The regiment 
re-enlisted as veterans while at the front, in 
January, 1864; participated in the battles of 
Buzzard's Roost, Ringgold, Dalton, Resaca, 
Rome, Dallas, New Hope Church, Kenesaw 
Mountain, Nickajack, Peach Tree Creek, Atlanta, 
Jonesboro, Averysboro and Bentonville; was 
mustered out at Louisville, July 31, 1865, and 
received final discharge at Springfield. 

Sixty'-first Infantry'. Organized at Carroll- 
ton, 111., three full companies being mustered 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



559 



in, Feb. 3, 18G2. On February 21, the regiment, 
being still incomplete, moved to Benton Bar- 
racks. Mo., where a sufficient number of recruits 
joined to make nine full companies. The regiment 
was engaged at Shiloh and Bolivar, took part 
in the Yazoo expedition, and re-enlisted iis veter- 
ans early in 1864. Later, it took part in the battle 
of Wilkinson's Pike (near Murfreesboro), and 
other engagements near that point ; was mustered 
out at Nashville. Tenn., Sept. 8, 180.5, and paid 
off and discharged at Springfield, Septem- 
ber 27. 

SiXTY-SECOXD Infantry. Organized at Anna, 
111., April 10, 1862; after being engaged in several 
skirmishes, the regiment sustained a loss of 170 
men, who were captured and paroled at Holly 
Springs. Jliss., l>y the rebel General Van Dorn, 
where the regimental records were destroyed. 
The regiment took part in forcing the evacuation 
of Little Rock: re-enlisted, as veterans. Jan. 9, 
18G4; was mustered out at Little Rock, Mai'ch G, 
1866, and ordei'ed to Springfield for final paj-ment 
and discharge. 

SiXTY-THlKD LvFANTKY. Organized at Anna, 
in DecemV)er. 1861, and mustered into service, 
April 10, 18G2. It participated in the first invest- 
ment of Vicksburg, the capture of Richmond 
Hill, La., and in the battle of Missionary Ridge. 
On Jan. 1, 18G4, 272 men re-enlisted as veterans. 
It took i)art in the capture of Savannah and in 
Sherman's march througli tlie Carolinas. partici- 
pating in its important battles and skirmishes; 
was mustered out at Louisville. July 13, 186.5, 
reaching Springfield, July 16. The total distance 
traveled was 6,453 miles, of which 2,250 was on 
the march. 

SiXTY-FOURTU INFANTRY. Organized at Spring- 
field, December. 1861, as the "First Battalion of 
Yates Sharp Sliooters. " The last company was 
mustered in, Dec. 31, 1861. The regiment was 
engaged at New Madrid, the siege of Corinth, 
Chambers' Creek, the second battla of Corinth, 
Resaca, Dallas, Kenesaw Mountain, Decatur, the 
siege of Atlanta, the investment of Savannah and 
the battle of Bentonville; re-enlisted as veterans, 
in January, 1864 ; was mustered out at Louisville, 
July 11, 1865, and finally discharged, at Chicago, 
July 18. 

Sixty-fifth Infantry. Originally known as 
the "Scotch Regiment"; was organized at Chi- 
cago, and mustered in, May 1, 1862. It was cap- 
tured and paroled at Harjier's Ferry, and ordered 
to Chicago: was e.\changed in April, 1863; took 
part in Burnside's defense of Knoxville; re-en- 
listed as veterans in March, 1864, and participated 



in the Atlanta campaign and the "March to the 
Sea." It was engaged in battles at Columbia 
(Tenn.), Franklin and Nashville, and later, near 
Federal Point and Suiithtown, N. C, being mus- 
tered out, July 13, 1865, and receiving final pay- 
ment and discharge at Chicago, July 2G, 1865. 

Sixty-sixth Infantry. Organized at Benton 
Barracks, near St. Louis, Mo., during September 
and October, 18G1 — being designed as a regiment 
of "\Ve.stcrn Sharpshooters" from Illinois, Mis- 
souri, Wisconsin, Iowa, Jlinncsota, Indiana and 
Ohio. It was mustered in, Nov. 23, 1861, was 
engaged at Mount Zion (Mo.), Fort Donelson, 
Shiloh, the siege of Corinth, luka, the second 
battle of Corinth, in the Atlanta campaign, the 
"March to the Sea" and the campaign through 
the Carolinas. The regiment was variously 
known as the Fourteenth Missouri Volunteers, 
Birge's Western Sharpshooters, and tlie Sixty- 
sixth I'Unois Infantry. The latter (and final) 
name was conferred by the Secretary of War, 
Nov. 20, 1862. It re-enlisted (for ' the veteran 
service), in December, 1863, was mustered out at 
Camp Logan, Ky., Julj- 7, 1865, and paid off and 
discharged at Springfield, July 15. 

Sixty-seventh Infantry. Organized at Chi- 
cago, June 13, 1862, for three months' service, in 
response to an urgent call for the defense of 
Washington. The Sixty -seventh, by doing guard 
duty at the camps at Chicago and Springfield, 
relieved the veterans, who were sent to the front. 

SiXTY-ElGHTH INFANTRY. Enlisted in response 
to a call made bj- the Governor, early in the sum- 
mer of 1862, for State troops to serve for three 
months as State Militia, and was mustered in 
early in June, 1862. It was afterwards nmstered 
into the United States service as Illinois Volun- 
teers, by petition of the men, and received 
marching orders, Julj' .5, 1862; mustered out, at 
Springfield. Sept. 26, 1862 — many of the men re- 
enlisting in other regiments. 

Sixty-ninth Infantry. Organized at Camp 
Douglas, Chicago, and mustered into service for 
three months, June 14, 1862. It remained on 
duty at Camp Douglas, guarding the camp and 
rebel prisoners. 

Seventieth Infantry. Organized at Camp 
Butler, near Springfield, and mustered in, July 4, 
1862. It remained at Camp Butler doing guard 
duty. Its term of service was three months. 

Seventy-first Infantry. JIustered into serv- 
ice, July 26, 1862, at Chicago, for three months. 
Its service was confined to garrison duty in Illi- 
nois and Kentucky, being musterea out at Chi- 
cago, Oct. 29, 1862. 



560 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



Seventy-second Infantry. Organized at Chi- 
cago, as the First Regiment of the Chicago Board 
of Trade, and mustered into service for three 
years, Augast 23, 1863. It was engaged at Cham- 
pion Hill, Vicksburg. Natchez, Franklin, Nash- 
ville, Spanish Fort and Fort Blakely; mustered 
out of service, at Vicksburg, August 6, 1865, and 
discliarged at Chicago. 

Seventy-thied Infantry. Recruited from 
the counties of Adams, Chamijaign, Christian, 
Hancock, Jackson, Logan, Piatt, Pike, Sanga- 
mon, Tazewell and Vermilion, and mustered into 
service at Springfield, August 21, 1862, 900 strong. 
It participated in the battles of Stone River, 
Perryville, Chickamauga, Missionary Ridge, 
Resaca, Adairsville, Burnt Hickory, Pine and 
Lost Mountains, New Hojie Church. Kenesaw 
Mountain, Peach Tree Creek, Spring Hill. Frank- 
lin and Nashville : was mustered out at Nashville, 
June 12, 1865, and, a few days later, "vent to 
Springfield to receive pay and final discharge. 

Seventy-focrth Infantry. Organized at 
Rockford, in August, 1862, and mu.stered into 
service September 4. It was recruited from Win- 
nebago, Ogle and Stephenson Counties. This regi- 
ment was engaged at Perryville, Murfreesboro 
and Nolansville, took part in the Tullahoma 
campaign, and the battles of Missionary Ridge, 
Resaca, Adairsville, Dallas, Kenesaw Mountain, 
Tunnel Hill, and Rocky Face Ridge, the siege of 
Atlanta, and the battles of Spring Hill, Franklin 
and Nashville. It was mustered out at Nashville, 
June 10, 1865, with 343 officers and men, the 
aggregate number enrolled having been 1,001. 

Seventy-fifth Infantry. Organized at 
Dixon, and mustered into service, Sept. 2, 1863. 
The regiment participated in the battles of Perry- 
ville, Nolansville, Stone River, Lookout Mountain, 
Dalton, Resaca, Marietta, Kenesaw, Franklin and 
Nashville: was mustered out at Nashville, June 
12, 1865, and finally discharged at Chicago, July 
1, following. 

Seventy'-sixth Infantry. Organized at Kan- 
kakee, 111., in August, 1862, and mustered into the 
service, August 22, 1862; took part in the siege of 
Vicksburg, the engagement at Jackson, the cam- 
paign against Meridian, the expedition to Yazoo 
City, and the capture of Mobile, was ordered to 
Texas in June, 1865, and mustered out at Galves- 
ton, July 23, 1865, being paid off and disbanded 
at Chicago, August 4, 1865 — having traveled 
10,000 miles. 

Seventy-sevpntti Infantry'. Organized and 
mustered into service, Sept. 3, 1862, at Peoria; 
was engaged in the battles of Chickasaw Bayou, 



Arkansas Post, the siege of Vicksburg (including 
the battle of Champion Hills), the capture of 
Jackson, the Red River expedition, and the bat- 
tles of Sabine Cross Roads and Pleasant Hill : the 
reduction of Forts Gaines and Morgan, and the 
capture of Spanish Fort, Fort Blakely and Mobile. 
It was mustered out of service at Mobile, July 
10, 1865, and ordered to Springfield for final pay- 
ment and discharge, where it arrived, July 22, 1865, 
having participated in sixteen battles and sieges. 

Seventy-eighth Infantry. Organized at 
Quincy, and mustered into service, Sept. 1, 1862; 
participated in the battles of Chickamauga, Mis- 
sionary Ridge, Buzzard's Roost, Resaca, Rome, 
New Hope Church, Kenesaw Mountain, Peach 
Tree Creek, Atlanta, Jonesboro, Averysboro and 
Bentonville; was mustered out, June 7, 1865, and 
sent to Chicago, where it was paid off and dis- 
charged, June 13, 1865. 

Seventy-ninth Infantry. Organized at Mat- 
toon, in August, 1862, and mustered into service, 
August 28, 1863; participated in the battles of 
Stone River, Liberty Gap, Chickamauga, Mis- 
sionary Ridge, Rocky Face Ridge, Resaca, Kene- 
saw Mountain, Dallas, Peach Tree Creek, Atlanta, 
Jonesboro, Lovejoy, Franklin and Nashville ; was 
mustered out. June 12, 1865; arrived at Camp 
Butler. June 15, and, on June 23, received final 
pay and discharge. 

Eightieth Infantry. Organized at Centralia, 
111., in August, 1862, and mustered into service, 
August 25, 1863. It was engaged at Perryville, 
Dug's Gap, Sand Mountain and Blunt's Farm, 
surrendering to Forrest at the latter point. After 
being exchanged, it participated in the battles of 
Wauhatchie, Missionary Ridge, Dalton, Resaca, 
Adairsville, Cassville, Dallas, Pine Mountain, 
Kenesaw Mountain, Marietta, Peach Tree Creek, 
Atlanta, Jonesboro, Lovejoy Station and Nash- 
ville. The regiment traveled 6,000 miles and 
participated in more than twenty engagements. 
It was mustered out of service, June 10, 1865, and 
proceeded to Camp Butler for final pay and 
discharge. 

Eighty-first Infantry'. Recruited from the 
counties of Perry, Franklin, Williamson, Jack- 
son, Union, Pulaski and Alexander, and mustered 
into service at Anna, August 26, 1863. It partici- 
pated in the battles of Port Gibson, Raymond, 
Jackson, Champion Hill, Black River Bridge, and 
in the siege and capture of Vicksburg. Later, 
the regiment was engaged at Fort de Russey, 
Ale.xandria, Guntown and Nashville, besides 
assisting in the investment of Mobile. It was 
mustered out at Chicago, August 5, 1864. 



niSTORICAL EIS'CYCLOPEDIA OF ILLIXOIS. 



561 



Eighty-second Infantry. Sometimes called 
the "Second Ilecker Kegimeiit." in honor of Col- 
onel Frederick Hecker, its first Colonel, and for 
merly Colonel of the Twenty-fourtli Illinois 
Infantry — being chiefly composed of German 
members of Chicago. It was organized at Spring- 
field, Sept. 2G, 1SG2. and mustered into service, 
Oct. 33, 1862; particiiiated in the battles of 
Fredericksburg, (iettysburg, Wauhatchie, Or- 
chard Knob, Missionary Ridge, Resacii, New 
Hope Church. Dallas, Marietta, Pine Mountain, 
Peach Tree Creek, Atlanta and Bentonville; was 
mustered out of service, June 9, 186.5, and 
returned to Chicago, June 16 — having marched, 
during its time of service, 2,. 503 miles. 

EiGHTY-TlliKD INFANTRY. Organized at Mon- 
mouth in August, 1802, and mustered into serv- 
ice, August 21. It participated in repelling the 
rebel attack on Fort Donelson, and in numerous 
hard-fought skirmishes in Tennessee, but was 
chiefly engaged in the performance of heavy 
guard duty and in protecting lines of commimi- 
cation. The regiment was mustered out at Nash- 
ville, June 26. 1865, and finallj' paid oflf and 
discharged at Chicago, July 4, following. 

Eighty-fourth Infantry. Organized at 
Quincy, in August, 1862, and mustered into serv- 
ice, Sept. 1, 1862, with 939 men and officers. The 
regiment was autliorized to inscribe upon its 
battle-flag the names of Perryville, Stone River, 
Woodbury, Chickamauga, Lookout Moimtain, 
Missionary Ridge, Ringgold, Dalton, Buzzard's 
Roost, Resaca, Burnt Hickory, Kenesaw Moun- 
tain, Sm3T:na, Atlanta, Jonesboro, Lovejoy Sta- 
tion, Franklin, and Nashville. It was mustered 
out, June 8, 18G.5. 

Eighty-fifth Infantry. Organized at Peoria, 
about Sept. 1, 1862, and ordered to Louisville. It 
took part in the battles of Perrj-ville, Stone River, 
Chickamauga, Knoxville, Dalton, Rocky-Face 
Ridge, Resaca, Rome. Dallas, Kenesaw, Peach 
Tree Creek, Atlanta. Jonesboro, Savannah, Ben- 
tonville, Goldsboro and Raleigh; was mustered 
out at Washington, D. C. , June .5, 186.5. and 
sent to Springfield, wliere the regiment was 
paid off and discharged on the 20th of the same 
month. 

Eighty-sixth Infantry. Mustered into serv- 
ice, August 27, 1862, at Peoria, at which time it 
numbered 923 men, rank and file. It took part 
in the battles of PerryviUe, Chickamauga, Mis- 
sionary Ridge, Buzzard's Roost, Resaca. Rome, 
Dallas, Kwiesaw, Peach Tree Creek, Jonesboro, 
Averygboro and Bentonville; was mustered out 
on June 6, 1865, at Washington, D. C, arriving 



on June 11, at Cliicago, where, ten days later, the 
men received their pay and final discharge. 

Eighty-seventh Infantry. Enlisted in Au- 
gust, 1862; was composed of companies from 
Hamilton, Edwards, Wayne and White Counties ; 
was organized in tlie latter part of August, 1862. 
at Shawneetown ; mustered in, Oct. 3, 1862. the 
muster to take effect from August 2. It took 
part in the siege and capture of Warrenton and 
Jackson, and in the entire campaign tlirougli 
Louisiana and Southern Mississipi)i, participating 
in the battle of Sabine Cross Roails and in numer- 
ous skirmishes among the bayous, being mustered 
out, June 16, 1865, and ordered to Springfield, 
where it arrived, June 24, 1865, and was paid off 
and disbanded at Camp Butler, on July 2. 

EiQHTY-EiaHTH INFANTRY. Organized at Chi- 
cago, in September, 1862, and known as tlie 
"Second Board of Trade Regiment." It was 
mustered in, Sept. 4, 1802 ; was engaged at Perry- 
ville, Stone River, Chickamauga, Missionary 
Ridge, Rocky Face Ridge, Resaca, Adairsville, 
New Hope Church, Pine Mountain, Mud Creek, 
Kenesaw Mountain, Smyrna Camp Ground, 
Atlanta, Jonesboro, Lovejoy Station, Franklin 
and Nashville; was mustered out, June 9, 1805, 
at Nashville, Tenn., and arrived at Chicago, 
June 13, 1805, where it received final pay and 
discliarge, June 22, 1865. 

Eighty-ninth Infantry. Called the "Rail- 
road Regiment"; was organized by the railroad 
companies of Illinois, at Chicago, in August, 
1802, and mustered into service on tlie 27th of 
that month. It fouglit at Stone River, Chicka- 
mauga, Missionary Ridge, Knoxville, Resaca, 
Rocky Face Ridge, Pickett's Mills, Kenesaw 
Mountain, Peach Tree Creek, Atlanta, Jonesboro, 
Lovejoy's Station, Spring Hill, Columbia. Frank- 
lin and Nashville; was mustered out, June 10, 
1805, in the field near Nasliville, Tenn. ; arrived 
at Chicago two days later, and was finally dis- 
charged, June 24, after a service of two years, 
nine months and twenty -.seven days. 

Ninetieth Inf.vntry. Mustered into service 
at Chicago, Sept. 7, 1862; participated in the siege 
of Vicksburg and the campaign against Jackson, 
and was engaged at Missionary Ridge. liesaca, 
Dallas, New Hope Church. Big Shanty, Kene.saw 
Mountain, Marietta, Nickajack Creek, Rosswell, 
Atlanta, Jonesboro and Fort McAllister. After 
the review at Washington, the regiment was 
mustered out, June 6, and returned to Chicago, 
June 9, 1865, where it was finally discharged. 

Ninety-first Infantry. Organized at Camp 
Butler, near Springfield, in August. 1862, and 



5G2 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



mustered in on Sept. 8, 1862; participated in the 
campaigns against Vicksburg and New Orleans, 
and all along the soutliwestern frontier in 
Louisiana and Texas, as well as in tlie investiture 
and capture of Slobile. It was mustered out at 
Mobile, Julj' 12, 1865, starting for liome tlie same 
day, and being finally paid off and discharged on 
July 28, following. 

Ninety-second Inf.^ntey (Mounted). Organ- 
ized and mustei'ed into service, Sept. 4, 1862, 
being recruited from Ogle, Stephenson and Car- 
roll Counties. During its term of service, the 
Ninety-second was in more than sixty battles and 
skirmishes, including Ringgold, Chickamauga, 
and the numerous engagements on the "March 
to the Sea," and during the pursuit of Johnston 
through the Carolinas. It was mustered out at 
Concord, N. C, and paid and discharged from the 
service at Chicago, July 10, 1865. 

Ninety-third Infantry. Organized at Chi- 
cago, in September, 1862, and mustered in, Oct. 
VS. 998 strong. It participated in the movements 
against Jackson and Vicksburg, and was engaged 
at Champion Hills and at Fort Fisher; also was 
engaged in the battles of Missionary Ridge, 
Dallas, Resaca, and many minor engagements, 
following Sherman in his campaign though the 
Carolinas. Mustered out of service, June 23, 
1865, and, on the 25th, arrived at Chicago, receiv- 
ing final payment and discliarge, July 7, 1865, the 
regiment liaving marched 2,551 miles, traveled 
by water, 2,296 miles, and, by railroad, 1,237 
miles — total, 6,087 miles. 

Ninety-fourth Infantry. Organized at 
Bloomington in August, 1862, and enlisted wholly 
in McLean County. After some warm experi 
ence in Southwest Missouri, the regiment took 
part in the siege and capture of Vicksburg, and 
was, later, actively engaged in the campaigns in 
Louisiana and Texas. It participated in the cap- 
ture of Mobile, leading the final assault. After 
several months of garrison duty, the regiment was 
mustered out at Galveston, Texas, on July 17, 
1865, reaching Bloomington on August 9, follow- 
ing, having served just three years, marched 1,200 
miles, traveled by railroad 610 miles, and, by 
steamer, 6,000 miles, and taken part in nine bat- 
tles, sieges and skirmishes. 

Ninety-fifth Infantry. Organized at Rock- 
ford and mustered into .service, Sept. 4, 1862. It 
was recruited from the counties of McHenry and 
Boone — three companies from the latter and 
seven from the former. It took part in the cam- 
paigns in Northern Mississippi and against Vicks- 
burg, in the Red River expedition, the campaigns 



against Price in Missouri and Arkansas, against 
Jlobile and around Atlanta. Among the battles 
in which the regiment was engaged were those 
of the Tallahatchie River, Grand Gulf, Raymond, 
Champion Hills. Fort de Russey, Old River, 
Cloutierville, Mansura, Yellow Bayou, Guntown, 
Nashville, Spanish Fort, Fort Blakely, Kenesaw 
Mountain, Chattahoochie River, Atlanta, Ezra 
Church, Jonesboro, Lovejoy Station and Nash- 
ville. The distance traveled by the regiment, 
while in the service, was 9,960 miles. It was 
transferred to the Forty-seventh Illinois Infan- 
try, August 25, 1865. 

Ninety-sixth Infantry". Recruited during 
the months of July and August, 1862, and mus- 
tered into service, as a regiment, Sept. 6, 1862. 
The battles engaged in included Fort Donelson, 
Spring Hill, Franklin, Triune, Liberty Gap, 
Shelbj'ville, Cliickamauga, Wauhatchie, Lookout 
Mountain, Buzzard's Roost, Rocky Face Ridge, 
Resaca, Kingston, New Hope Church, Dallas, 
Pine Mountain, Kenesaw Mountain, Smyrna 
Camp Ground, Peach Tree Creek, xVtlanta, Rough 
and Ready, Jonesboro, Lovejoy's Station, Frank- 
lin and Nashville. Its date of final pay and dis- 
charge was June 30, 1865. 

Ninety-seventh Infantry. Organized in 
August and September, 1862, and mustered in on 
Sept. 16; participated in the battles of Chickasaw 
Bluffs, Arkansas Post, Port Gibson, Champion 
Hills, Black River, Vicksburg, Jackson and 
IMobile. On July 29, 1865. it was mustered out 
and proceeded homeward, reaching Springfield, 
August 10, after an absence of three years, less a 
few days. 

Ninety-eighth Infantry. Organized at Cen- 
tralia, September, 1862, and mustered in, Sept. 3 ; 
took part in engagements at Chickamauga, Mc- 
Minnville, Farmington and Selma, besides many 
others of le.ss note. It was mustered out, June 
27, 1865, the recruits being transferred to the 
Sixt3'-first Illinois Volunteers. The regiment 
arrived at Springfield, June 30, and received final 
payment and discharge, July 7, 1865. 

Ninety-ninth Infantry. Organized in Pike 
County and mustered in at Florence, August 23, 
1862; participated in the following battles and 
skirmishes: Beaver Creek, Hartsville, Magnolia 
Hills, Raymond, Champion Hills, Black River, 
Vicksburg, Jackson, Fort Esperanza, Grand 
Coteau. Fish River, Simnish Fort and Blakely: 
days under fire, 62; miles traveled, 5,900; men 
killed in battle. 38 ; men died of wounds and 
disease, 149; men discharged for disability, 127: 
men deserted, 35; officers killed in battle, 3; 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



563 



oflBcers died, 2; officers resigned, 20. The regi- 
ment was mustered out at Baton Rouge, July ;!1, 
1865, and paid off aud discharged, August 9, 
following. 

One Hundredth Infantry. Organized at 
Joliet, in August, 18G2, and mustered iu, August 
30. The entire regiment was recruited in Will 
County. It was engaged at Bardstown, Stone 
River, Lookout Mountain, Missionary Ridge, aud 
Naslivilie ; was mustered out of service, June 12, 
186.5, at Nivsliville, Tenn., and arrived at Chicago, 
June 15, where it received liual paymeut and 
discharge. 

One Hundred and First Infantry. Organ- 
ized at Jacksonville during the latter part of the 
month of Augu.st, 1862, and, on Sept. 2, 1862, 
was mustered in. It participated in the battles 
of Wauhatchie, Chattanooga, Resjxca, New Hope 
Church, Kenesaw and Pine Mountains, Poach 
Tree Creek, Atlanta, Averysboro and Beutonville. 
On Dec. 20, 1802, five companies were captured 
at Holly Springs, Miss., paroled and sent to 
Jefferson Barracks, Mo., and formally exchanged 
in June, 1863. On the 7th of June, 1865, it was 
mustered out, and started for Springfield, where, 
on tlie 21st of June, it wiis paid otT aud disbanded. 

One Hundred and Second Infantry. Organ- 
ized at Kuoxville, in August, 1802, and mustered 
in, September 1 aud 2. It was engaged at Res;ica, 
Camp Creek, Burnt Hickory, Big Shanty, Peach 
Tree Creek and Averysboro; mustered out of 
service June 0, 1865, and started home, arriving 
at Chicago on the 9th, and, June 14, received 
final payiiient and discharge. 

One Hundred and Third Inf.vntry. Re- 
cruited wholly in Fulton County, and mustered 
into the service, Oct. 2. 1862. It took part in 
the Grierson raid, the sieges of Vicksburg, Jack- 
son, Atlanta and Savannah, and the battles of 
Missionary Ridge, Buzzard's Roost, Resaca. Dal- 
las, Kenesaw Mountain and Griswoldsville ; was 
also in the campaign through the Carolinas. 
The regiment was mustered out at Louisville, 
June 21, and received liual discharge at Chi- 
cago, July 9, 1865. The original strength of 
the regiment was 808, and 84 recruits were 
enlisted. 

One Hundred and Fourth Infantry. Organ- 
ized at Ottawa, iu August, 1862, and composed 
almost entirely of La Salle County men. The 
i-egiment was engaged in the battles of Harts- 
ville, Chickamauga, Lookout Mountain, Mission- 
ary Ridge. Resaca, Peach Tree Creek, Utoy 
Creek, Jonesboro and Bentonville, besides many 
severe skirmishes ; was mustered out at Washing- 



ton, D. C, June 6, 1865, and, a few days later, 
received final discharge at Chicago. 

One Hundred and Fifth Infantry. Mus- 
tered into service, Sept. 2, 1862, at Dixon, and 
participated in the Atlanta campaign, being 
engaged at Resaca, Peach Tree Creek and 
Atlanta, and almost constantly skirmishing, 
also took part in the "Marcli to the Sea" and the 
campaign in the Carolinas, including the siege of 
Savannah and the battles of Averysboro and 
Bentonville. It was mustered out at Washing- 
ton, D. C, Jime 7, 1865, and paid off and dis- 
cliarged at Chicago, June 17. 

One Hundred and Sixth Infantry. Mus- 
tered into service at Lincoln, Sept. 18, 1862, 
eight of the ten companies having been recruited 
in Logan County, the other two being from San- 
gamon and Menard Counties. It aided in the 
defense of Jackson, Tenn., where Company "C" 
was captured and paroled, being exchanged in 
the summer of 1863; took part in the siege of 
Vicksburg, the Yazoo expedition, the capture of 
Little Rock, the battle of Clarendon, and per- 
formed service at various points in Arkansas. It 
was mustered out, July 12. 1865. at Pine Bluff, 
Ark , and arrived at Springfield, July 24, 1865, 
where it received final paj-ment and discharge 

One Hundred and Seventh Infantry. Mus- 
tered into service at Springfield, Sept. 4, 1802; 
was composed of six companies from DeWitt and 
four companies from Piatt County. It was 
engaged at Campbell's Station, Dandridge, 
Rocky-Face Ridge, Resaca, Kenesaw Mountain, 
-Vtlanta, Spring Hill, Franklin. Nashville and 
Fort Anderson, and mustered out, June 21, 1805, 
at Salisbury, N. C, reaching Springfield, for 
final payment and discharge, .Julj' 2, 1865. 

One Hundred and Eighth Infantry. Organ- 
ized at Peoria, and mustered into service, August 
28. 1862; took part iu the first expedition against 
Vicksburg and in the battles of Arkansas Post 
(Fort llindman). Port Gibson and Champion 
Hills; in the capture of Vicksburg, the battle of 
Guntown, the reduction of Spanish Fort, and the 
capture of ilobile. It was mustered out at Vicks- 
burg. August 5. 1865, and received final discharge 
at Chicago, August 11. 

One Hundred and Ni.vth Infantry. Re- 
cruited from Union and Pulaski Counties and 
mustered into the service, Sept. 11, 1862. Owing 
to its number being greatly reduced, it was con- 
solidated with the Eleventh Infantry in April, 
1863. (See Eleventh Infantry.) 

One Hundred and Tenth Infantry. Organ- 
ized at Anna and mustered in, Sept. 11, 1862; was 



564 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



engaged at Stone Rirer, Woodbury, and in 
numerous skirmishes in Kentucky and Tennessee. 
In May, 1803, the regiment was consolidated, its 
numbers having been greatl3' reduced. Subse- 
quently it participated in the battles of Chicka- 
mauga and Missionary Ridge, the battles around 
Atlanta and the campaign through the Carolinas, 
being present at Johnston's surrender. The regi- 
ment was mustered out at Washington, D. C, 
June 5, 186.'), and received final discharge at 
Chicago, June 15. The enlisted men whose term 
of service had not expired at date of muster-out, 
were consolidated into four companies and trans- 
ferred to the Sixtieth Illinois Veteran Volunteer 
Infantry. 

One Hundred and Eleventh Infantry. Re- 
cruited from Marion, Clay, Washington, Clinton 
and Wayne Counties, and mustered into the serv- 
ice at Salem, Sept. 18, 1862. The regiment aided 
in the capture of Decatur, Ala. ; took part in the 
Atlanta campaign, being engaged at Resaca, 
Dallas, Kenesaw, Atlanta and Jonesboro ; partici- 
pated in the "March to the Sea" and the cam- 
paign in the Carolinas, taking part in the battles 
of Fort McAllister and Bentonville. It was mus- 
tered out at Washington, D. C, June 7, 1865, 
receiving final discharge at Springfield, June 27, 
having traveled 3,736 miles, of which 1,836 was 
on the march. 

One Hundred and Twelfth Infantry. Mus- 
tered into service at Peoria, Sept. 20 and 22, 
1863; participated in the campaign in East Ten- 
nessee, under Burnside, and in that against 
Atlanta, under Sherman; was also engaged in 
the battles of Columbia, Franklin and Nashville, 
and the capture of Fort Ander.son and W^ilming- 
ton. It was mustered out at Goldsboro, N. C, 
June 30, 1865, and finally discharged at Chicago, 
July 7, 1865. 

One Hundred and Thirteenth Infantry. 
Left Camp Hancock (near Chicago) for the front, 
Nov. 6, 1862; was engaged in the Tallahatchie 
expedition, participated in the battle of Chicka- 
saw Bayou, and was sent North to guard prison- 
ers and recruit. The regiment also took part in 
the siege and capture of Vicksburg, was mustered 
out, June 30, 1865, and finally discharged at Chi- 
cago, five days later. 

One Hundred and Fourteenth Infantry. 
Organized in July and August, 1863, and mustered 
in at Springfield, Sept. 18, being recruited from 
Cass, Menard and Sangamon Counties. The regi- 
ment participated in the battle of Jackson fMiss. ), 
the siege and capture of Vicksburg, and in the 
battles of Guntown and Harrisville, the pursuit 



of Price through Missouri, the battle of Nash- 
ville, and the capture of Mobile. It was mustered 
out at Vicksburg. August 3, 1865, receiving final 
jiaymentand discharge at Springfield. August 15, 
1865. 

One Hundred and Fifteenth Infantry. 
Ordered to the front from Springfield, Oct. 4, 
1862 ; was engaged at Chickamauga, Chattanooga, 
Missionary Ridge, Tunnel Hill, Resaca and in all 
the principal battles of the Atlanta campaign, 
and in the defense of Nashville and pursuit of 
Hood; was mustered out of service, June 11, 
1865, and received final pay and discharge, June 
33, 1865, at Springfield. 

One Hundred and Sixteenth Infantry. 
Recruited almost wholly from Macon County, 
numbering 980 officers and men when it started 
from Decatur for the front on Nov. 8, 1862. It 
participated in the battles of Chickasaw Bayou, 
Arkansas Post, Champion Hills, Black River 
Bridge, Missionary Ridge, Resaca, Dallas, Big 
Shanty, Kenesaw Mountain, Stone Mountain, 
Atlanta, Fort McAllister and Bentonville, and 
was mustered out, June 7, 1865, near Washington, 
D. C. 

One Hundred and Seventeenth Infantry. 
Organized at Springfield, and mustered in, Sept. 
19, 1862 ; participated in the Meridian campaign, 
the Red River expedition (assisting in the cap- 
ture of Fort de Russey), and in the battles of 
Pleasant Hill, Yellow Baj'ou, Tupelo, Franklin, 
Nashville, Spanish Fort and Fort Blakely. It 
was mustered out at Springfield, August 5, 1865, 
having traveled 9,276 miles, 2,307 of which were 
marched. 

One Hundred and Eighteenth Infantry. 
Organized and mustered into the service at 
Springfield, Nov. 7, 1862; was engaged at Chicka- 
saw Blufl's, Arkansas Post. Port Gibson, Cham- 
pion Hills, Black River Bridge, Jackson (Miss.), 
Grand Coteau, Jackson (La.), and Amite River. 
The regiment was mounted, Oct. 11, 1863, and 
dismounted, May 23, 1865. Oct. 1, 1865, it was 
mustered out, and finally discharged, Oct.- 13. 
At the date of the muster-in, the regiment num- 
bered 820 men and officers, received 283 recruits, 
making a total of 1,103; at muster-out it num- 
bered .523. Distance marched, 3,000 miles; total 
distance traveled, 5,700 miles. 

One Hundred and Nineteenth Infantry. 
Organized at Quincy, in September, 1863, and 
was mustered into the United States service, 
October 10 ; was engaged in the Red River cam- 
paign and in the battles of Shreveport, Yellow 
Bayou, Tupelo, Nashville, Spanish Fort and Fort 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



565 



Bl.ikely. Its final muster-out took place at 
Jlobile, August 26, 1865, and its discharge at 
Springfield. 

One Hundred and Twentiety Infantry. 
Mustered into the service.Oct. 28, 1862, at Spring- 
field ; was mustered out, Sept. 7, 1S65. and received 
final payment and disoliarge, September 10, at 
Springfield. 

One Hundred and Twenty-first Infan- 
try. (The organization of this regiment was not 
completed.) 

One Hundred and Twenty-second Infan- 
try. Organized at Carlinville, in August, 1862, 
and mustered into the service, Sept. 4, with 960 
enlisted men. It participated in the battles of 
Tupelo and Nashville, and in the capture of 
Spanish Fort and Fort Blakeh-, and wa.s mustered 
out, July 15, 1865, at Mobile, and finally dis- 
charged at Springfield, August 4. 

One Hundred and Twenty-third Infan- 
try. Mu.stered into service at Mattoon, Sept. 6, 
1862; participated in the battles of Perry ville, 
Milton, Hoover's Gap, and Farmington; also took 
part in the entire Atlanta campaign, marching 
as cavalry and fighting as infantry. Later, it 
served as mounted infantry in Kentuckj-, Tennes- 
see and Alabama, taking a prominent part in the 
capture of Selma. The regiment was discharged 
at Springfield, July 11, 1805 — the recruits, whose 
terms had not expired, being transferred to the 
Sixty-first Volunteer Infantry. 

One Hundred and Twenty-fourth Infan- 
try. Mustered into the service, Sept. 10, 1862, at 
Springfield ; took part in the Vicksburg campaign 
and in tlie battles of Port Gibson, R;iymon<l and 
Champion Hills, the siege of Vicksburg, the 
Meridian raid, the Yazoo expedition, and the 
capture of Mobile. On the 16th of August, 1865, 
eleven days less than three j-ears after the first 
companj- went into camp at Springfield, the regi- 
ment was mustered out at Chicago. Colonel 
Howe's hi.story of the battle-flag of the regiment, 
stated that it had been borne 4,100 miles, in four- 
teen skirimishes, ten battles and two sieges of 
forty-seven days and nights, and thirteen days 
and nights, re.spectively. 

One Hundred and Twentv-fii-tii Infan- 
try. Mustered into service, Sept. 3, 1862; par- 
ticipated in tlie battles of Perryville, Chicka- 
mauga. Missionary Ridge, Kenesaw Slountain, 
Peach Tree Creek, Atlanta and Jone.slx)ro, and in 
the "Ma'-ch to the Sea" and the Carolina cam- 
paign, being engaged at Averyslxiro and Benton- 
ville. It was mustered out at Washington, D. C. , 
June 9, 1865, and finally discharged at Cliicago. 



One Hundred and Twenty-sixth Infan- 
try. Organized at Alton and mustered in, Sept. 4, 
1862, and participated in the siege of Vicksburg. 
Six companies were engaged in skirmish line, near 
Humboldt, Tenn., and the regiment took part in 
the capture of Little Rock and in the fight at 
Clarendon, Ark. It was mustered out July 12, 1865. 

One Hundred and Twenty-skvexth Infan- 
try. Mustered into service at Chicago, Sept. 6, 
1862; took part in the first campaign against 
Vicksburg, and in the battle of Arkansas Post, 
the siege of Vicksbui'g under Grant, the capture 
of Jackson (Miss.), the battles of Missionary 
Ridge and Lookout Mountain, the Meridian raid, 
and in the fighting at Resaca, Dallas, Kenesaw 
Mountain, Atlanta and Jonesboro; also accom- 
panied Sherman in his march through Georgia 
and the Carolinas, taking part in the battle of 
Bentonville ; was mustered out at Chicago. June 
17, 1865. 

One Hundred and Twenty-eighth Infan- 
try. Mustered in, Dec. 18, 1862, but remained 
in service less tlian five months, when, its num- 
ber of officers and men having been reduced from 
SCO to 161 (largely by desertions), a number of 
officers were dismissed, and the few remaining 
officers and men were formed into a detachment, 
and transferred to another Illinois regiment. 

One Hundred and Twenty-ninth Infan- 
try. Organized at Pontiac, in August, 1862, and 
mustered into the service Sept. 8. Prior to Maj-, 
1864, the regiment was chiefly engaged in garri- 
son dutj'. It marched with Sherman in the 
Atlanta campaign and through Georgia and the 
Caroliiuis, and took part in the battles of Resaca, 
Buzzard's Roost, Lost ilountain. Dallas, Peach 
Tree Creek, Atlanta, Averysboro and Benton- 
ville. It received final pay and discharge at Chi- 
ca'-o, June 10, 1865. 

One Hundred and Thirtieth Inf.\ntry. 
Organized at Springfield and mustered into 
service, Oct. 25, 1802 ; was engaged at Port Gib- 
son. Cliampion Hills. Black River Bridge, Vicks- 
burg, Jackson (Miss.), and in the Red River 
expedition. While on this expedition almost the 
entire regiment was captured at the battle of 
Mansfield, and not paroled until near the close of 
the war. The remaining oflficers and men were 
consolidated with the Seventj'-seventh Infantry 
in January, 1865, and participated in the capture 
of Mobile. Six months later its regimental re- 
organization, as the One Hundred and Thirtieth, 
was ordered. It was mustered out at New 
Orleans. August 15, 1865, and discharged at 
Springfield, August 31. 



506 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



One Hundred and Thirty-first Infan- 
try. Organized in September, 1863, and mus- 
tered into the service, Nov. 13, with 815 men, 
exclusive of officers. In October, 1863, it was 
consolidated with the Twenty-ninth Infantry, 
and ceased to exist as a separate organization. 
Up to tliat time the regiment had been in but a 
few conflicts and in no pitclied battle. 

One Hundred and Thirty-second Infan- 
try. Organized at Chicago and mustered in for 
100 days from June 1, 1864. The regiment re- 
mained on duty at Paducah until the expiration 
of its service, when it moved to Chicago, and 
■was mustered out, Oct. 17, 1864. 

One Hundred xsb Thirty'-thibd In*fan- 
TRY. Organized at Springfield, and mustered in 
for one hundred days, May 31, 1864; was engaged 
during its term of service in guarding prisoners 
of war at Rock Island ; was mustered out, Sept. 
4, 1804, at Camp Butler. 

One Hundred and Thirty-fourth Infan- 
try. Organized at Chicago and mustered in, 
May 31, 1864, for 100 days; was assigned to 
garrison duty at Columbus, Ky., and mustered 
out of service, Oct. 2.5, 1864, at Chicago. 

One Hundred and Thirty-fifth Infan- 
try. Mustered in for 100-days' service at Mat- 
toon, June 6, 1864, having a strength of 833 men. 
It was chiefly engaged, during its term of service, 
in doing garrison duty and guaiding railroads. 
It was mustered out at Springfield, Sept. 28, 1864. 

One Hundred and Thirty'-sixth Infan- 
try. Enlisted about the first of May, 1864, for 
100 days, and went into camp at Centralia, 111.. 
but was not mustered into service until June 1, 
following. Its principal service was garrison 
duty, with occasional scouts and raids amongst 
guerrillas. At the end of its term of service the 
regiment re-eulisted for fifteen days; was mus- 
tered out at Springfield, Oct. 22, 1864, and dis- 
charged eight days later 

One Hundred and Thirty-seventh Inf.\n- 
try. Organized at Quincy, with ex-Gov. John 
Wood as its Colonel, and mustered in, June 5, 
1804, for 100 days. Was on duty at Memphis, 
Tenn , and mustered out of service at Spring- 
field. 111.. Sept. 4, 1864. 

One Hundred and Thirty-eighth Infan- 
try Organized at Quincy, and mustered in, 
June 31, 1864, for 100 days; was assigned to garri- 
son duty at Fort Leavenworth, Kan., and in 
Western Missouri. It was mustered out of serv- 
ice at Springfield, 111., Oct. 14, 1864. 

One Hundred and Thirty-ninth Infan- 
try. Mustered into service as a 100-day's regi- 



ment, at Peoria, June 1, 1864; was engaged in 
garrison duty at Columbus and Cairo, in making 
reprisals for guerrilla raids, and in the pursuit of 
the Confederate General Price in Missouri. The 
latter service was rendered, at the President's 
request, after the term of enlistment had expired. 
It was mustered out at Peoria, Oct. 25, 1864, hav- 
ing been in the service nearly five months. 

One Hundred a.nd Fourtieth Inf.\ntry. 
Organized as a lOO-daj's' regiment, at Springfield, 
June 18, 1864, and mustered into service on that 
date. The regiment was engaged in guarding 
railroads between Memphis and Holly Springs,and 
in garrison duty at Memphis. After the term of 
enlistment Lad expired and the regiment had 
been mustered out, it aided in the pursuit of 
General Price through Missouri; was finally dis- 
charged at Chicago, after serving about five 
months 

One Hundred and Forty-first Infan- 
try. Mustered into service as a 100- days' regi- 
ment, at Elgin, June 16, 1864 — strength, 842 men; 
departed for the field, June 27, 1864; was mus- 
tered out at Chicago, Oct. 10, 1SG4. 

One Hundred ,a.nd Forty-second Infan- 
try. Organized at Freeport as a battalion of 
eight companies, and sent to Camp Butler, where 
two companies were added and the regiment 
mustered into service for 100 days, June 18, 1864. 
It was ordered to Mempliis, Tenu., five days later, 
and assigned to duty at White's Station, eleven 
miles from that city, where it was employed in 
guarding the Memphis & Charleston railroad. 
It was mustei'ed out at Chicago, on Oct, 27, 1864, 
the men having voluntarily served one month 
beyond their term of enlistment. 

One Hundred and Forty-third Infan- 
try. Organized at Mattoon, and mustered in, 
June 11, 1864, for 100 days. It was assigned to 
garrison duty, and mustered out at Mattoon, 
Sept. 26, 1864. 

One Hundred and Forty-fourth Inf.vn- 
TRY. Organized at Alton, in 1864, as a one-year 
regiment; was mustered into the service, Oct. 21, 
its strength being 1,159 men. It was mustered 
out, July 14, 186.5. 

One Hundred ,vnd Forty-fifth Inf.\n- 
TRY. Mustered into .service at Sj^ringfield, June 
9, 1864; strength, 880 men. It departed for the 
field, June 12, 1864; was mustered out, Sept. 33, 
1864. 

One Hundred and Forty-sixth Infan- 
try. Organized at Springfield, Sept. 18, 1864, for 
one year. Was assigned to the duty of guarding 
drafted men at Brighton, Quincy, Jacksonville 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



567 



and Springfield, and mustered out at Springfield, 
July 5, lbG5. 

One Hundred and Forty-seventh Infan- 
try. Organized at Chicago, and mustered into 
service for one year, Feb. 18 and 19, 18(i."); was 
engaged chiefly on guard or garrison duty, in 
scouting and in skirmishing with guerrillas. 
Mustered out at Nashville, Jan. 22, 18UC, and 
received final discharge at Springfield, Feb. 4. 

One Hundred and Fortv-eigiith Infan- 
try. Organized at Springfield, Feb. 21, 1865, for 
the term of one year; was assigned to garrison 
and guard duty and nuistered out, Sept. 5, 180.5, 
at Nashville, Tenn ; arrived at Springlield, Sept. 
9, 1865,where it was paid off and discliarged. 

One Hundred and Forty-ninth Infan- 
try. Organized at Springfield, Feb. 11, 1865, 
and mustered in for one year; was engaged in 
garrison and guard duty ; mustered out, Jan. 27, 
1806, at Dalton, Ga., and ordered to Springfield, 
where it received final payment and discharge. 

One Hundred .\nd Fiftieth Infantry. 
Organized at Springlield. and mustered in, Feb. 14, 
1865, for one year; was on duty in Tennessee and 
Georgia, guarding railroads and garrisoning 
towns. It was mustered out, Jan. 16, 1806, at 
Atlanta, Ga., and ordered to Springfield, where it 
received final payment and discharge. 

One Hundred and Fifty-first Infantry. 
This regiment was organized at Quincy, 111., 
and mustered into the United States service, 
Feb. 23, 1805, and was composed of companies 
from various parts of the State, recruited, under 
the call of Dec. 19, 1864. It was engaged in 
guard duty, with a few guerrilla skirmishes, and 
was present at the surrender of General War- 
ford's army, at Kingston, Ga. ; was mustered out 
at Columbus, Ga., Jan. 24, 1860, and ordered to 
Springfield, where it received final paj-ment and 
discliarge. Feb. 8, 1806. 

One Hundred and Fifty-second Infan- 
try. Organized at Springfield and mustered in, 
Feb. 18, 1805, for one year; was mustered out of 
service, to date Sept. 11, at Memphis, Tenn., and 
arrived at Camp Butler, Sept. 9, 1805, where it 
received final payment and discharge. 

One Hundred and Fifty-tiurd Inf.\.n- 
TRY. Organized at Chicago, and mustered in, 
Feb. 27, 1805. for one year; was not engaged in 
any battles. It was mustered out, Sept. 15, 1865, 
and moved to Springfield, III., and, Sept. 24, 
received final pay and discharge. 

One Hundred and Fifty-fourtii Infan- 
try. Organized at Springfield, Feb. 21, 1805, 
for one year. Sept. 18, 1865, the regiment was 



mustered out at Nashville, Tenn., and ordered to 
Springfield for final payment and discharge, 
where it arrived, Sept. 22 ; was paid oil and dis- 
charged at Camp Butler, Sept. 29. 

One Hundred .\nd Fifty-fifth Infan- 
try. Organized at Springfield and mustere<l in 
Feb. 28, 1805, for one year, 904 strong. On Sept. 
4, 1805, it was mustered out of service, and moved 
to Camp Butler, where it received final pay and 
discharge. 

One Hundred and Fifty-sixth Infan- 
try. Organized and mustered in dm-ing the 
months of February and March, 1805, from the 
northern counties of tlie State, for the term of 
one year. Tiie officers of tlie regiment have left 
no written record of its history, but its service 
seems to have been rendered chiefly in Tennessee 
in the neighborhood of Mempliis, Nashville and 
Chattanooga. Judging by the muster-rolls of 
the Adjutant-General, the regiment would appear 
to have been greatly depleted by desertions and 
otherwise, the remnant being finally mustered 
out, Sept. 20, 1805. 

First C.walry. Organized — consisting of 
seven companies, A, B, C, D, E, F and G — at 
Alton, in 1801, and mustered into the United 
States service, July 3. After some service in 
Missouri, the regiment participated in the battle 
of Lexington, in that State, and was surrendered, 
with the remainder of the garri.son, Sept. 20, 1861. 
The officers were paroled, and the men sworn not 
to take up arms again until discharged. No ex- 
change having been elTected in November, the 
non-commissioned officers and privates were 
ordered to Springfield and discharged. In June, 
1862, the regiment was reorganized at Benton 
Barracks, Mo., being afterwards employed in 
guarding supply trains and supply depots at 
various points. Mustered out, at Benton Bar- 
racks, July 14. 1802. 

Second Cavalry. Organized at Springfield 
and mustered into service, August 12, 1801, with 
Company M (which joined the regiment some 
months later), numbering 47 commissioned offi- 
cers and 1,040 enlisted men. This number was in- 
creased b}' recruits and re-enlistments, during its 
four and a half year's term of service, to 2,236 
enlisted men and 145 commissioned officers. It 
was engaged at Belmont ; a portion of the regi- 
ment took part in the battles at Fort Henry, 
Fort Donelson and Shiloh, another portion at 
Merriweather's Ferry, Bolivar and Holly Springs, 
and participated in the inve.stmept of Vick.sburg. 
In January, 1864. the major part of the regiment 
re-enlisted as veterans, later, participating in the 



56S 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



Red River expedition and the investment of Fort 
Blakely. It was mustered out at San Antonio, 
Tex., Nov. 23, 1865, and finally paid and dis- 
charged at Springfield, Jan. 3, 1866. 

Third Cavalry. Composed of twelve com- 
panies, from various localities in the State, the 
gi-and total of company officers and enlisted men, 
under the first organization, being 1,433. It was 
organized at Springfield, in August, 1861; partici- 
pated in the battles of Pea Ridge, Haines' Bluff, 
Arkansas Post, Port Gibson, Champion Hills, 
Black River Bridge, and the siege of Vicksburg. 
In July, 1864, a large portion of the regiment re- 
enlisted as veterans. The remainder were mus- 
tered out, Sept. 5, 1864. The veterans participated 
in the repulse of Forrest, at Mempliis, and in the 
battles of Lawrenceburg, Spring Hill, Campbells- 
ville and Franklin. From May to October, 186.5, 
engaged in service against the Indians in the 
Korthwest The regiment was mustered out at 
Springfield, Oct. 18, 1865. 

Fourth C.\v.a.lry. Mustered into service, 
Sept. 26, 1861, and participated in the battles of 
Fort Henry, Fort Donelson, and Shiloh- in the 
siege of Corinth, and in many engagements of 
less historic note; was mustered out at Springfield 
in November, 1864. By order of the War Depart- 
ment, of June IS, 1865, the members of the 
regiment whose terms had not expired, were con- 
solidated with the Twelfth Illinois Cavalry. 

Fifth Cavalry. Organized at Camp Butler, 
in November, 1861; took part in the Meridian 
raid and the expedition against Jackson, Miss., 
and in numerous minor expeditions, doing effect- 
ive work at Canton, Grenada, Woodville, and 
other points. On Jan. 1, 1864, a large portion of 
the regiment re-enlisted as veterans. Its final 
muster-out took place, Oct. 27, 1865, and it re- 
ceived final paj-ment and discharge, October 30. 
Sixth C'.vy.\lry. Organized at Springfield, 
Nov. 19, 1861 ; participated in Sherman's advance 
upon Grenada ; in the Grierson raid through Mis- 
sissippi and Louisiana, the siege of Port Hudson, 
the battles of Moscow (Tenn), "West Point (Miss.), 
Franklin and Nashville; re-enlisted as veterans, 
March 30, 1864; was mustered out at Selma, Ala., 
Nov. 5, 1865, and received discharge, November 
20, at Springfield. 

Seventh C.walry. Organized at Springfield, 
and was mustered into service, Oct. 13, 1861. It 
participated in the battles of Farmington, luka, 
Corinth (second battle) ; in Grierson's raid 
through Mississippi and Louisiana; in the en- 
gagement at Plain's Store (La.), and the invest- 
ment of Port Hudson. In March, 1864. 288 



officers and men re-enlisted as veterans. The 
non-veterans were engaged at Guntown, and the 
entire regiment took part in the battle of Frank- 
lin. After the close of hostilities, it was stationed 
in Alabama and Mississippi, until the latter part 
of October, 1865 ; was mustered out at Nashville, 
and finally discharged at Springfield, Nov. 17, 
1865. 

Eighth Cavalry. Organized at St. Charles, 
111., and mustered in, Sept. 18, 1861. The regi- 
ment was ordered to Virginia, and participated 
in the general advance on Manassas iu March, 
1862; was engaged at MechanicsviUe, Gaines' 
Hill, Malvern Hill, Sugar Loaf Mountain, Middle- 
town, South Mountain, Antietam, Fredericks- 
burg, Sulphur Springs, Warrentou, Rapidan 
Station, Northern Neck, Gettysburg, Williams- 
burg, Funkstown, Falling Water, Chester Gap 
Sandy Hook, Culpepper, Brandy Station, and in 
many raids and skirmishes. It was mustered 
out of service at Benton Barracks, Mo., July 17, 
1865, and ordered to Chicago, where it received 
final payment and discharge. 

Ninth Cavalry Organized at Chicago, in 
the autumn of 1861, and mustered in, November 
30 ; was engaged at Cold water, Grenada, Wyatt, 
Saulsbury, Moscow, Guntown, Pontotoc, Tupelo, 
Old Town Creek, Hurricane Creek, Lawrence- 
burg, Campellsville, Franklin and Nashville. 
The regiment re-enlisted as veterans, March 16, 
1864; was mustered out of service at Selma, Ala., 
Oct. 31, 1865, and ordered to Springfield, where 
the men received final payment and discharge. 

Tenth Cavalry. Organized at Springfield in 
the latter part of September, 1861, and mustered 
into service, Nov. 25, 1861 ; was engaged at Prairie 
Grove, Cotton Plant, Arkansas Post, in the 
Yazoo Pass expedition, at Richmond (La.), 
Brownsville, Baj'ou Metoe, Baj'ou La Fourche 
and Little Rock. In February, 1864, a large 
portion of the regiment re-enlisted as veter- 
ans, tlie non-veterans accompanying General 
Banks in his Red River expedition. On Jan. 27, 
1865, the veterans, and recruits were consolidated 
with the Fifteenth Cavaliy, and all reorganized 
under the name of the Tenth Illinois Veteran 
Volunteer Cavalry. Mustered out of service at 
San Antonio, Texas, Nov. 22, 1865, and received 
final discharge at Springfield, Jan. 6, 1866. 

Eleventh Cavalry. Robert G. IngersoU of 
Peoria, and Basil D. Meeks, of Woodford County, 
obtained permission to raise a regiment of 
cavalry, and recruiting commenced in October, 
1861. The regiment was recruited from the 
counties of Peoria, Fulton, Tazewell, Woodford, 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



569 



Marshall, Stark, Knox, Henderson and Warren ; 
was mustered into the service at Peoria, Dec. 20, 
1861, and was first under lire at Shiloh. It also 
took part in the raid iu the rear of Corinth, and 
in the battles of Bolivar, Corinth (second battle), 
luka, Lexington and Jackson (Tenn.); in Mc- 
Phersou's exjjedition to Canton and Sherman's 
Meridian raid, in the relief of Yazoo City, and in 
numerous less important raids and skirmishes. 
Most of the regiment re-enlisted as veterans in 
December, 1863; the non-veterans being mus- 
tered out at Memphis, in the autumn of 1864. The 
veterans were mustered out at the same jilace, 
Sept. 30, 1865, and discharged at Springfield, 
October 20. 

Twelfth Cav.\lry. ' Organized at Springfield, 
in February, 1862, and remained there guarding 
rebel prisoners until June 25, when it was 
mounted and sent to Martinsburg, Va. It was 
engaged at Fredericksburg. Williamsport, Falling 
Waters, the Kapidan and Stevensburg. On Nov. 
26, 1863, tlie regiment was relieved from service 
and ordered home to reorganize as veterans. 
Subsequently it joined Banks in the Red River 
expedition and in Davidson's expedition against 
Mobile. While at Memphis the Twelfth Cavalry 
was consolidated into an eight-companj' organi- 
zation, and the Fourth Cavalry, having jireviously 
been consolidated into a battalion of five com- 
panies, was consolidated with the Twelfth. The 
consolidated regiment was mustered out at 
Houston, Texas, May 29, 1866, and, on June 18, 
received final paj- and discharge at Springfield. 

Thirteenth C.walry. Organized at Chicago, 
in December, 1861 ; moved to the front from 
Benton Barracks, Mo., in February, 1862, and 
was engaged in the following battles and skir- 
mishes (all in Missouri and Arkansas) ; Putnam's 
Ferry, Cotton Plant, Union City (twice). Camp 
Pillow, Bloomfield (first and second battles). Van 
Buren, Allen, Eleven Point River, Jackson, 
White River, Chalk BlufT, Bushy Creek, near 
Helena, Grand Prairie, White River, Deadnian's 
Lake, Brownsville, Baj-ou Metoe. Au.stin, Little 
Rock, Benton, Batesville, Pine Bluff, Arkadel- 
phia, Okolona, Little Missouri River, Prairie du 
Anne, Camden, Jenkins' Ferry, Cross Roads, 
Mount Elba, Douglas Landing and Monticello. 
The regiment was mustered out, August 31, 1865, 
and received final pay and discharge at Spring- 
field, Sept. 13. 1865. 

Fourteenth Cavalry. Mustered into service 
at Peoria, in January and February, 1863; i)ar- 
ticipated in the battle of Cumberland Gap. in the 
defense of Knoxville and the pursuit of -Long- 



street, in the engagements at Bean Station and 
Daudridge, in the Macon raid, and in the cavalry 
battle at Sunshine Church. In the latter Gen- 
eral Stoneman surrendered, but the Fourteenth 
cut its way out. On their retreat the men were 
betrayed by a guide and the regiment badly cut 
up and scattered, those escaping being hunted by 
soldiers with bloodhounds. Later, it was engaged 
at Waynesboro and in the battles of Franklin and 
Nashville, and was mustered out at Nashville, 
July 31, 1865, having marched over 10,000 miles, 
exclusive of duty done by detachments. 

Fifteenth Cavalry. Composed of companies 
originally independent, attached to infantry regi- 
ments and acting as such; participated in the 
battles of Fort Donelson and Shiloh, and in the 
siege and capture of Corinth. Regimental or- 
ganization was effected iu the spring of 1863, and 
thereafter it was engaged chiefly iu scouting and 
post duty. It was mustered out at Springfield, 
August 35, 1864, the recruits (whose term ot 
service had not expired) being consolidated with 
the Tenth Cavalry. 

Sixteenth Cavalry. Com[X)sed principally 
of Chicago men — Thieleman's and Schambeck's 
Cavalry Companies, raised at the outset of the 
war, forming the nucleus of the regiment. Tlie 
former served as General Sliernuin's body-guard 
for some time. Captain Thieleman was made a 
Major and authorized to raise a battalion, the 
two companies named thenceforth being know:: 
as Tliieleman's Battahon. In September, 1862, 
the War Department authorized the extension of 
tlie battalion to a regiment, and, on the 11th of 
June, 1863, the regimental organization was com- 
pleted. It took part in the East Tennessee cam- 
paign, a portion of the regiment aiding in the 
defense of Knoxville, a part garrisoning Cumber- 
and Gap, and one battalion being captured by 
Longstreet. The regiment also participated in 
the battles of Rocky Face Ridge, Buzzard's 
Roost. Kesaca, Kingston, Cassville, Carterville, 
AUatoona, Kenesaw, Lost Mountain, Mines 
Ridge, Powder Springs, Chattahoochie, Atlanta, 
Jonesboro, Franklin and Nashville. It arrived 
in Chicago, August 23, 1865, for final payment 
and discharge, having marched about 5,000 miles 
and engaged in thirty -one battles, besides numer- 
ous skirmishes. 

Seventeenth Cavalry. Mustered into serv- 
ice in January and February, 1864; aided in the 
repulse of Price at Jefferson City, Mo., and was 
engaged at Booneville, Independence, Mine 
Creek, and Fort Scott, besides doing garrison 
duty, scouting and raiding. It was mustered 



570 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



out in November and December, 1865, at Leaven- 
worth, Kan. Gov. John L. Beveridge. who had 
previously been a Captain and Major of the 
Eiglith Cavalry, was the Colonel of this regi- 
ment. 

First Light Artillery. Consisted of ten 
batteries. Battery A was organized under tlie 
first call for State troops, April 21, 1861, but not 
mustered into the three 3'eais" service until July 
16; was engaged at Fort Donelson, Shiloh, 
Chickasaw Bayou, Arkansas Post, the sieges of 
Vicksburg and Jackson, and in tlie Atlanta cam- 
paign ; was in reserve at Champion Hills and 
Nashville, and mustered out July 3, 186.5, at 
Chicago. 

Battery B was organized in April, 1861, en- 
gaged at Belmont, Fort Donelson, Sliiloli, in the 
siege of Corinth and at La Grange, Holly Springs, 
Memphis, Chickasaw Bayou, Arkansas Post, the 
siege of Vicksburg, Mechanicsburg, Richmond 
(La.), the Atlanta campaign and the battle of 
Nashville. The Battery was reorganized by con- 
solidation with Battery A, and mustered out at 
Chicago, July 2, 1865. 

Battery D was organized at Cairo, Sept. 2, 1861 ; 
was engaged at Fort Donelson and at Shiloh, 
and mustered out, July 28, 1865, at Chicago. 

Battery E was organized at Camp Douglas and 
mustered into service, Dec. 19, 1861 ; was engaged 
at Shiloh, Corinth, Jackson, Vicksburg, Gun- 
town, Pontotoc, Tupelo and Nashville, and mus- 
tered out at Louisville, Dec. 24, 1864. 

Battery F was recruited at Dixon and mus- 
tered in at Springfield, Feb. 25, 18G2. It took 
part in the siege of Corinth and the Yocona 
expedition, and was consolidated with the other 
batteries in the regiment, March 7, 1865. 

Battery G was organized at Cairo and mus- 
tered in Sept, 28, 1861; was engaged in tlie siege 
and the second battle of Corinth, and mustered 
out at Springfield, July 24, 1865. 

Battery H was recruited iu and about Chicago, 
during January and February, 1862; jiarticipated 
in the battle of Shiloh, siege of Vick.sl3urg, and 
in the Atlanta campaign, the "March to the 
Sea, " and tlirough the Carolinas witli Sherman. 

Battery I was organized at Camp Douglas and 
mustered in, Feb. 10, 1862; was engaged at 
Sliiloh, in the Tallahatchie raid, the sieges of 
Vicksburg and Jackson, and in tlie battles of 
Chattanooga and Vicksburg It veteranized, 
March 17, 1864, and was mustered out, July 26, 
1865. 

Battery K was organized at Shawneetown and 
mustered in, Jan. 9, 1862, participated in Burn- 



side's campaign in Tennessee, and in the capture 
of Knoxville. Part of tlie men were mustered 
out at Springfield in June, 1865, and the re- 
manider at Chicago in July. 

Battery M was organized at Camp Douglas and 
mustered into the service, August 12, 1862, for 
three years. It served through the Chickamauga 
campaign, being engaged at Chickamauga; also 
was engaged at Missionary Ridge, was besieged 
at Cliattanooga, and took part in all the impor- 
tant battles of the Atlanta campaign. It was 
mustered out at Chicago, July 24, 1864, having 
traveled 3,102 miles and been under fire 178 days. 

Second Light Artillery. Consisted of nine 
batteries. Battery A was organized at Peoria, 
and mustered into service, May 23, 1861 ; served 
in Missouri and Arkansas, doing brilliant work 
at Pea Ridge. It was mustered out of service at 
Springfield, July 27, 1865. 

Battery D was organized at Cairo, and mustered 
into service in December, 1861 ; was engaged at 
Fort Donelson, Shiloh, Vicksburg, Jackson, 
Meridian and Decatur, and mustered out at 
Louisville, Nov. 21, 1864. 

Battery E was organized at St. Louis, Mo., in 
August, 1861, and mustered into service, August 
20, at that point. It was engaged at Fort Donel- 
son and Shiloh, and in the siege of Corinth and 
the Yocona expedition — was consolidated with 
Battery A. 

Battery F was organized at Cape Girardeau, 
Mo., and mustered in, Dec. 11, 1861; was engaged 
at Shiloh, in the siege and second battle of 
Corinth, and the Meridian campaign; also 
at Kenesaw, Atlanta and Jonesboro. It was 
mustered out, July 27, 1865, at Springfield. 

Battery H was organized at Springfield, De- 
cember, 1861, and mustered in, Dec. 31, 1861; was 
engaged at Fort Donelson and in the siege of 
Fort Pillow; veteranized, Jan. 1. 1864, was 
mounted as cavalry the following summer, and 
mustered out at Springfield, July 29, 1805. 

Battery I was recruited in Will County, and 
mustered into service at Camp Butler, Dec. 31, 
1861. It participated in the siege of Island No. 
10, in the advance upon Cornith, and in the 
battles of Perryville, Chickamauga, Lookout 
Mountain, Missionary Ridge and Chattanooga. 
It veteranized, Jan. 1, 1864, marched with Sher- 
man to Atlanta, and thence to Savannah and 
through the Carolinas, and was mustered out at 
Springfield. 

Battery K was organized at Springfield and 
mustered in Dec. 31, 1863; was engaged at Fort 
Pillow, the capture of Clarkston, Mo., and the 



IIISTOIJICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



571 



siege of Vicksburg. It was mustered out, July 
14, 1805, at Chicago. 

Battery L was organized at Chicago and mus- 
tered in, Feb. 28, 1862; participated in the ad- 
vance on Corinth, tlie battle of Hatcliie and the 
advance on the Tallahatchie, and was mustered 
out at Chicago, August 9, 1805. 

Battery 51 was organized at Chicago, and mus- 
tered in at Springfield, June, 1862; was engaged 
at Jonesboro, Blue Spring, Blountsville and 
Rogersville, being finally consolidated with 
other batteries of the regiment. 

Chicaoo Board of Trade Battkry. Organ- 
ized through the efforts of the Chicago Board of 
Trade, which raised §15,000 for its equipment, 
within forty-eight hours. It was mustered into 
service, August 1, 1863, was engaged at Law- 
renceburg, Murfreesboro, Stone River, Chicka- 
mauga, Farmington, Decatur (Ga.), Atlanta, 
Lovejoy Station, Nashville, Selma and Columbus 
(Ga. ) It was mustered out at Cliicago, June liO, 
ISe.'j, and paid in full, July I!, having marched 
5,208 miles and traveled by rail 1,231 miles. The 
battery wiis in eleven of the hardest battles 
fought in the West, and in twenty-six minor 
battles, toing in action forty-two times while on 
scouts, reconnoissances or outpost duty. 

Chicago Mercantile Battery. Recruited 
and organized under the auspices of the Mercan- 
tile Association, an association of prominent and 
patriotic merchants of the City of Chicago. It 
was mustered into service, August 20, 1802, at 
Camp Douglas, participated in the Tallahatchie 
and Yazoo expeditions, the first attack upon 
Vicksburg, the battle of Arkansas Post, the siege 
of Vicksburg, the battles of Magnolia Hills, 
Champion Hills, Black River Bridge and Jackson 
(Miss); also took jiart in Banks" Red River ex- 
pedition; was mustered out at Chicago, and 
received final payment, July 10, 1865, having 
traveled, by river, sea and land, over 11,000 
miles. 

Sprixofield LuiiiT Artillery. Recruited 
principally from the cities of Springfield, Belle- 
ville and Wenona, and mustered into service at 
Springfield, for the term of three years, August 
21. 1862. n\imbering ino men and officers. It 
participated in the capture of Little Rock and in 
the Red River expedition, and wjis mustered out 
at Springfield, 114 strong, June 30. 1805. 

Cooswell's Battery, Lkjiit Artillery. 
Organized at Ottawa. 111., and mu.stered in. Nov. 
11, 1861, as Company A (Artillery) Fifty-third 
Illinois Volunteers, Colonel Cushman command- 
ing the regiment. It participated m the 



advance on Corinth, the siege of Vicksburg, the 

battle of Missionary Ridge, and the capture of 
Spanish Fort and Fort Blakely, near Mobile. The 
regiment was mustered out at Springfield, August 
14, 1865, having served three years and nine 
months, marched over 7,500 miles, and partici- 
pated in seven sieges and battles. 

Stcroes Rifles. An independent company, 
organized at Chicago, armed, equipped and sub- 
sisted for nearly two months, by the patriotic 
generosity of Mr. Solomon Sturges; was mustered 
into service, May 6, 1861; in June following, was 
ordered to West Virginia, serving as body- 
guard of General McClellan; was engaged at 
Rich Mountain, in the siege of Yorktown, and in 
the seven daj-s' battle of the Chickahominy. A 
portion of the company was at Antietara, the 
remainder having been detached as foragers, 
scouts, etc. It was mustered out at Washington, 
Nov. 25, 1862. 

WAR, THE SPANISH - AMERICAX. The 
oppressions and misrule which had character- 
ized the administration of affairs by the Spanish 
Government and its agents for generations, in the 
Island of Cuba, culminated, in April, 1898, in 
mutual declarations of war between Spain and 
the United States. The causes leading up to this 
result were the injurious effects upon American 
commerce and the interests of American citizens 
owning property in Cuba, as well iis the constant 
expense imposed upon the Government of the 
United States in the maintenance of a large navy 
along the South Atlantic coast to suppress fili- 
bustering, superadded to the friction and unrest 
produced among the people of this country by the 
long continuance of disorders and abuses so near 
to our own shores, which aroused the sj-mpathy 
and indignation of the entire civilized world. 
For three years a large proportion of the Cuban 
pojiulation had been in open rebellion against the 
Spani-sli Government, and, wlule the latter had 
imported a large arinj' to the isl.-ind and sub- 
jected the insurgents and their families and 
sympathizers to the grossest cruelties, not even 
excepting torture and starvation itself, their 
policj' had failed to bring the insurgents into 
subjection or to restore order. In this condition 
of affairs the United States Government liad 
endeavored, through negotiation, to secure a miti- 
gation of the evils complained of, by a modifica- 
tion of the Sjianish policj' of government in the 
island ; but all suggestions in this direction had 
either been resented by Spain as unwarrantable 
interference in her affairs, or promises of reform, 
when made, had been as invariably broken. 



572 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



In the meantime an increasing sentiment had 
been growing uij in the United States in favor of 
conceding belligerent rights to the Cuban insur- 
gents, or the recognition of their independence, 
which found expression in measures proposed in 
Congress — all offers of friendly intervention by 
the United States having been rejected by Spain 
with evidences of indignation. Compelled, at 
last, to recognize its inability to subdue the insur- 
rection, the Spanish Government, in November, 
1897, made a pretense of tendering autonomy to 
the Cuban peoijle, with the privilege of amnesty 
to the insurgents on laying down their arms. 
The long duration of the war and the outrages 
perpetrated upon the helpless '"reconcentrados," 
coupled with the increased confidence of the 
insurgents in the final triumph of their cause, 
rendered this movement — even if intended to be 
carried out to the letter — of no avail. The 
proffer came too late, and was promptly rejected. 
In this condition of affairs and with a view to 
greater security for American interests, the 
American battleship Maine was ordered to 
Havana, on Jan. 24, 1898. It arrived in Havana 
Harbor the following day, and was anchored at a 
point designated by the Spanish commander. On 
the night of February 15, following, it was blown 
up and destroyed by some force, as shown by after 
investigation, applied from witliout. Of a crew 
of 3.')4 men belonging to the vessel at the time, 
26G were either killed outright by the explosion, 
or died from their wounds. Not only tlie Ameri- 
can people, but the entire civilized world, was 
shocked by tlie catastrophe. An act of horrible 
treachery had been perpetrated agamst an 
American vessel and its crew on a peaceful mis- 
sion in the harbor of a professedly friendly na- 
tion. 

The successive steps leading to actual hostili- 
ties were rapid and eventful. One of the earliest 
and most significant of these was the passage, by 
a unanimous vote of both houses of Congress, on 
Slarch 9, of an appropriation placing §.50,000,000 
in the hands of the President as an emergency 
fund for purposes of national defense. This was 
followed, two days later, by an order for the 
mobilization of the army. The more imjjortant 
events following this step were: An order, under 
date of April 5, withdrawing American consuls 
from Spanish stations ; the departure, on April 9, 
of Consul-General Fitzhugh Lee from Havana; 
April 19, the adoption by Congress of concurrent 
resolutions declaring Cuba independent and 
directing the President to use the land and naval 
forces of the United States to put an end to 



Spanish authority in the island; April 30, the 
sending to the Spanish Government, by the Presi- 
dent, of an ultimatum in accordance with this 
act ; April 31, the delivery to Minister Woodford, 
at Madrid, of his passports without waiting for 
the presentation of the ultimatum, witli the 
dejKirture of the Spanish Minister from Wasliing- 
ton ; April 23, tlie issue of a call by the President 
for 125,000 volunters; April 24, the final declara- 
tion of war by Spain ; April 25, the adoption by 
Congress of a resolution declaring tliat war had 
existed from April 21; on the same date an order 
to Admiral Dewey, in command of the Asiatic 
Squadron at Hongkong, to sail for Manila with a 
view to investing that city and blockading 
Philippine jiorts. 

The chief events subsequent to the declaration 
of war embraced the following; May 1, the 
destruction by Admiral Dewey's squadron of the 
Spanish fleet in the harbor of Manila; May 19, 
the arrival of the Spanish Admiral Cervera's fleet 
at Santiago de Cuba; May 25, a second call by 
the President for 75,000 volunteers; July 3, the 
attempt of Cervera's fleet to escape, and its 
destruction off Santiago; July 17, the surrender 
of Santiago to the forces under General Shatter; 
July 30, the statement by the President, tlirough 
the French Ambassador at Washington, of the 
terms on which the United States would consent 
to make peace ; August 9, acceptance of the peace 
terms by Spain, followed, three days later, by the 
signing of the peace protocol ; September 9, the 
appointment by the President of Peace Commis- 
sioners on the part of the United States; Sept. 18, 
the announcement of the Peace Commissioners 
selected by Spain; October 1, the beginning of the 
Peace Conference by the representatives of the 
two powers, at Paris, and tlie formal signing, on 
December 10, of the peace treaty, including the 
recognition by Spain of tlie freedom of Cuba, 
with the transfer to the United States of Porto 
Eico and her other West India islands, together 
with the surrender of the Philippines for a con- 
sideration of $20,000,000. 

Seldom, if ever, in the history of nations have 
such vast and far-reaching results been accom- 
plished within so short a period. The war, 
wliich practically began with tlie destruction of 
the Spanish fleet in Manila Harbor — an event 
which aroused the enthusiasm of the whole 
American people, and won the respect and 
admiration of other nations — was practically 
ended by the surrender of Santiago and the 
declaration by the President of the conditions of 
peace just three montlis later. Succeeding 



HISTOKICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



573 



events, up to the formal signing of tlie peace 
tre;ity, were merely the recoguitiou of results 
previously determined. 

History of Illinois Regimknts. — The part 
played by Illinois in connection with these events 
maj' be briefly summarized in tlie history of Illi- 
nois regiments and other organizations. Under 
the first call of the President for 12.j,000 volun- 
teers, eight regiments — seven of infatitr3' and one 
of cavalry — were assigned to Illinois, to whicli 
was subsequently added, on application tlirough 
Governor Tanner, one battery of light artil- 
lery. Tlie infantry regiments wore made up 
of the Illinois National Guard, numbered 
consecutively from one to seven, and were 
practically mobilized at their home stations 
within forty-eight hours from the receipt of the 
call, and began to arrive at Camp Tanner, near 
Springfield, the place of rendezvous, on April 2G, 
tlie day after the issue of the Governor's call. 
The record of Illinois troops is conspicuous for 
the promptness of their response and the com- 
pleteness of their organization — in this respect 
being unsurpassed by those of any other State. 
Under the call of May 25 for an additional force 
of 75,000 men, the quota assigned to Illinois was 
two regiments, which were promptly furnished, 
taking the names of the Eighth and Ninth. The 
first of these belonged to the Illinois National 
Guard, as the regiments mustered in under the 
first call had done, wliile the Ninth was one of a 
number of "Provisional Regiments" which liad 
tendered their services to the Government. Some 
twentj'-five other regiments of this cUiss, more or 
less complete, stood ready to perfect their organi- 
zations should there be occasion for their serv- 
ices. The aggregate strengtli of Illinois organi- 
zations at date of muster out from the United 
States service was 12,280—11,789 men and 491 
officers. 

First Reoimext Illinois Volunteers (orig- 
inally Illinois National Guard) was organized at 
Chicago, and mustered into tlie United States 
service at Camp Tanner (Springfield), under the 
command of Col. Henry L. Turner, May 13, 1898; 
left Springfield for Camp Tliomas (Chickamauga) 
May 17; assigned to First Brigade, Third 
Division, of the First Army Corps; started for 
Tampa, Fla., June 2, but soon after arrival there 
was transferred to Picnic Island, and assigned to 
provost duty in place i)f the First United States 
Infantry. On June 30 the bulk of the regiment 
embarked for Cuba, but was detained in the har- 
bor at Key West until July 5, when the vessel 
sailed for Santiago, arriving in Guantanamo Bay 



on the evening of the Stli. Disembarking on 
the loth, the wliole regiment arrived on the 
firing line on tlie 11th, spent several days and 
niglits in the trenches before Santiago, and 
were present at the surrender of that city 
on the 17th. Two companies had previously 
been detached for the scarcely less perilous duty 
of service in the fever hospitals and in caring 
for their wounded comrades. The next month 
was spent on guard duty in the captured city, 
until August 25, when, depleted in numbers and 
weakened by fever, the bulk of the regiment was 
transferred by hospital boats to Camp Wikoff, on 
Jlontauk Point, L. I. Tlie members of the regi- 
ment able to travel left Camp Wikoff, September 
8, for Chicago, arriving two days later, where they 
met an enthusiastic reception and were mustered 
out, November 17, 1,235 strong (rank and file) — a 
considerable number of recruits liaving joined the 
regiment just before leaving Tampa. The record 
of the First was conspicuous b}- the fact that it 
was the only Illinois regiment to .see service in 
Cuba during the progress of actual hostilities. 
Before leaving Tampa some eighty members of the 
regiment were detailed for engineering duty in 
Porto Rico, sailed for that island on July 12, and 
were among the first to perform service there. 
Tlie First suffered severelj' from yellow fever 
while in Cuba, but, as a regiment, while in the 
service, made a brilliant record, which was highly 
complimented in the official reports of its coni- 
man<ling officers. 

Second Regiment Illinois Volunteer In- 
fantry (originally Second I. N. G.). This regi- 
ment, also from Chicago, began to arrive at 
Springfield, April 27, 1898— at that time numlier- 
ing 1,202 men and 47 officers, under command of 
Col. George M. Moulton; was mustered in 
between May 4 and May 15; on May 17 started 
for Tampa, Fla., but en route its destination was 
changed to Jack.sonville, where, as a part of the 
Soventli Army Corps, under command of Gen. 
Fitzliugh Lee, it assisted in the dedication of 
Camp Cuba Libre. October 25 it was transferred 
to Savannah, Ga., remainingat "Camp Lee" until 
December 8, when two battalions embarked for 
Havana, landing on the 15tli, being followed, a 
few days later, by the Third Battalion, and sta- 
tioned at Camp Columliia. From Dec. 17 to Jan. 
11, 1899, Colonel Moulton served as Chief of 
Police for the city of Havana. On Marcli 28 to 80 
the regiment left Camp Columliia in detach- 
ments for Augusta, Ga., where it arrived April 
5, and was mustered out, April 26, 1,051 strong 
(rank and file), and returned to Chicago. Dur- 



57i 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



ing its stay in Cuba the regiment did not lose a 
man. A liistory of this regiment has been 
written by Rev. H. W. Bolton, its late Chaplain. 

Third Regiment Illinois Volunteer In- 
fantry, composed of companies of the Illinois 
National Guard from tlie counties of La Salle. 
Livingston, Kane, Kankakee, McHenry, Ogle, 
"Will, and Winnebago, under command of Col. 
Fi-ed Beunitt, reported at Springfield, with 1,170 
men and 50 officers, on April 27; was mustered 
in IMay 7, 1898; transferred from Springfield to 
Camp Thomas (Chickamauga), May 14; on July 
22 left Chickamauga for Porto Rico ; on the 2Sth 
sailed from Newport News, on the liner St. Louis, 
arriving at Ponce, Porto Rico, on July 31; soon 
after disembarking captured Arroyo, and assisted 
in the capture of Guayama, which was the 
beginning of General Brooke's advance across 
the island to San Juan, when intelligence was 
received of the signing of the peace protocol by 
Spain. From August 13 to October 1 the Third 
continued in the j)erformance of guard duty in 
Porto Rico; on October 22, 986 men and 39 offi- 
cers took transport for home by way of New York, 
arriving in Chicago, November 11, the several 
companies being mustered out at their respective 
liome stations. Its strength at final muster-out 
was 1,373 men and officers. This regiment had 
the distinction of being one of the first to see 
service in Porto Rico, but .suiTereil severely from 
fever and other diseases during the three months 
of its stay in the island. 

Fourth Illinois Volunteer Infantry, com- 
posed of companies from Champaign, Coles, 
Douglas, Edgar, Effingham, Fayette, Jackson, 
Jefferson, Montgomery, Richland, and St. Clair 
counties; mustered into the service at Spring- 
field, "May 20, under command of Col. Casimer 
Andel; started immediately for Tampa, Fla., but 
en route its destination was changed to Jackson- 
ville, where it was stationed at Camp Cuba Libre 
as a part of tJie Seventli Corps under command of 
Gen. Fitzhugh Lee; in October was transferred 
to Savannah, Ga., remaining at Camp Onward 
until about the first of January, when the regi- 
ment took ship for Havana. Here the regiment 
was stationed at Camp Columbia until April 4, 
1899, when it returned to Augusta, Ga. , and was 
mustered out at Camp ^Mackenzie (Augusta), May 
S, the companies returning to their respective 
home stations. During a jiart of its stay at 
Jacksonville, and again at Savannah, the regi- 
ment was employed on guard duty. While at 
Jacksonville Colonel Andel was suspended by 
court-martial, and finallv tendered his i-esigna- 



tion, his place being supplied by Lieut.-Col. Eben 
Swift, of the Ninth. 

Fifth Regiment Illinois Volunteer In- 
fantry was the first regiment to report, and was 
mustered in at Springfield, May 7, 1898, under 
command of Col. James S. Culver, being finally 
composed of twelve companies from Pike, Chris- 
tian, Sangamon, McLean, Montgomery, Adams, 
Tazewell, Macon, Morgan, Peoria, and Fulton 
counties; on May 14 left Springfield for Camp 
Thomas (Chickamauga, Ga.), being assigned to 
the command of General Brooke ; August 3 left 
Chickamauga for Newport News, Va., with the 
expectation of embarking for Porto Rico — a 
pi-evious order of July 26 to the same purport 
having been countermanded; at New|5ort News 
embarked on the transport Obdam, but again the 
order was rescinded, and, after remaining on 
board thirty-six hours, the regiment was disem- 
barked. The next move was made to Lexington. 
Kj'., where the regiment — having lost hope of 
reaching "the front" — remained until Sept 5, 
when it returned to Springfield for final muster- 
out. This regiment was composed of some of the 
best material in the State, and anxious for active 
service, but after a succession of disappoint- 
ments, was compelled to return to its home sta- 
tion without meeting the enemy. After its arrival 
at Springfield the regiment was furloughed for 
thirty days and finally mustered out, October 16, 
numbering 1,213 men and 47 officers. 

Sixth Regiment Illinois Volunteer In- 
F-\NTRY, consisting of twelve companies from the 
counties of Rock Island, Knox, Whiteside, Lee, 
Carroll, Stephenson, Henry, Warren, Bureau, and 
Jo Daviess, was mustered in May 11, 1898, under 
command of Col. D. Jack Foster; on May 17 left 
Springfield for Camp Alger, Va. ; July 5 the 
regiment moved to Charleston, S. C, where a 
part embarked for Siboney, Cuba, but the wliole 
regiment was soon after united in General 
Miles' expedition for the invasion of Porto Rico, 
landing at Guanico on July 25, and advancing 
into the interior as far as Adjunta and Utuado. 
After several weeks' service in the interior, the 
regiment returned to Ponce, and on September 7 
took transport for the return home, arrived at 
Springfield a week later, and was mustered out 
November 25, the regiment at that time consist- 
ing of 1,239 men and 49 officers. 

Seventh Illinois Volunteer Infantry 
(known as the "Hibernian Rifies"). Two 
battalion? of this regiment reported at Spring, 
field, April 27, with 33 officers and 765 enlisted 
:nen, being afterwards increased to the maxi- 



HISTOKICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



575 



inuiu ; was mustered into the United States serv- 
ice, under command of Col. Mareu-s Kavauagli, 
May 18, 1S98; on May 28 started for Camp Alger, 
Va. ; was afterwards encamped at Tliorouglifare 
Gap and Camp Meade; on September 9 returned 
to Springfield, was furlougheil for thirty days, 
and mustered out, October 20, numbering 1,260 
men and 49 officers. Like the Fifth, the Seventh 
saw no actual service in the field. 

EioHTii Illinois Volunteer Infantry (col- 
ored regiment), mustered into the service at 
Springfield under the second call of tlie Presi- 
dent, July 2;i, 1898, being composed wliolly of 
Afro- Americans under officers of their own race, 
with Col. John R. Marshall in command, the 
muster-roll showing 1,195 men and 7G officers. 
The six companies, from A to F, were from Chi- 
cago, the other five being, respectively, from 
Bloomington, Springfield, Quincy, Litchfield, 
Mound City and Metropolis, and Cairo. The 
regiment having tendered their services to 
relieve the First Illinois on duty at Santiago de 
Cuba, it started for Cuba, August 8, by way of 
New York; immediately on arrival at Santiago, 
a week later, was assigned to duty, but subse- 
quently transferred to San Luis, where Colone, 
Marshall was made military governor. The 
major part of the regiment remained here until 
ordered home early in March, 1899, arrived at 
Chicago, March lo, and was mustered out, .April 
3, 1,226 strong, rank and file, having been in 
service nine months and six days. 

Ninth Illinois Volcnteer Inf.v.vtry was 
organized from the counties of Southern Illinois, 
and mustered in at Springfield uiuler the second 
call of the President, July 4-11, 1898, under com- 
mand of Col. James R. Campbell; arrived at 
Camp Cuba Libre (Jacksonville, Fla.), August 9; 
two months later w;»s transferred to Savannah, 
Ga. ; was moved to Havana in December, where 
it remained until May, 1899. wlien it returneil to 
Augusta, Ga., and wa.s mustered out tliere. May 
20, 1899, at that time consisting of 1,09.') men and 
40 officers. From Augusta the several companies 
returned to their respective home stations. The 
Ninth was the only "Provisional Regiment" from 
Illinois mustered into the service during the 
war, the other regiments all belonging to the 
National Guard. 

First Ilunois Cavalry was organized at Chi- 
cago immediately after the President's first call, 
seven coinjwnies being recruited from Chicago, 
two from Bloomington, and one each from 
Springfield, Elkhart, and Lacon ; was mustered in 
at Springfield, May 21, 1898, under command of 



Col. Edward C. Young; left Springfield for Camp 
Thomas, Ga., Maj' 30, remaining there until 
Augu.st 24, wlien it returned to Fort Sheridan, 
near Chicago, wliere it was stationed until October 
11, wlien it was mustered out, at tliat time con- 
sisting of 1,158 men and 50 ofiicers. Although 
the regiment saw no active service in the field, it 
establislied an excellent record for itself in respect 
to discipline. 

First Enoineerino Corps, consisting of 80 
men detailed from the First Illinois Volunteers, 
were among the first Illinois soldiers to .see serv- 
ice in Porto Rico, accompanying General Miles' 
expedition in the latter part of July, and being 
engaged for a time in tlie construction of bridges 
in aid of the intended advance across the island. 
On September 8 they embarked for the return 
home, arrived at Chicago, September 17, and 
were mustered out November 20. 

Battery A (I. N. G.), from Danville, 111., was 
mustered in under a special order of the War 
Department, May 12, 1898, under command of 
Capt. Oscar P. Yaeger, consisting of 118 men; 
left Springfielil for Camp Thomas, Ga., May 19, 
and, two months later, joined in General Sliles' 
Porto Rico expedition, landing at Guanico on 
August 3, and taking part in the affair at Gua- 
yama on the 12th. News of peace having been 
received, the Battery returned to Ponce, where 
it remained until September 7, when it started 
on the return home by way of New York, arrived 
at Danville, September 17, was furloughed for 
sixty days, and mustered out November 25. Tlie 
Battery was eijuipped with modern breech-load- 
ing rapid-liring guns, operated by practical artil- 
lerists and prepared for effective service. 

Naval Reserves. — One of the earliest steps 
taken by the Government after it became ap- 
parent that hostilities could not be averted, was 
to begin preparation for strengthening the naval 
arm of tlie service. Tlie existence of the "Naval 
Militia," first organized in 1893, placed Illinois in 
an exceptionally favorable position for making a 
prompt response to the call of the Government, as 
well as furnishing a superior class of men for 
service — a fact evidenced during the operations 
in the West Indies. Gen. John McNulta, as head 
of the local committee, was active in calling the 
attention of tlie Navy Department to the value of 
the service to be rendered by tliis organization, 
which resulted in its lieing enlisted practically as 
a body, taking the name of "Naval Reserves" — 
all but eightj'-eight of the number passing the 
physical examination, the places of these Injir^ 
promptly filled by new recruits. The first de- 



576 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



tachment of over 200 left Chicago Maj' 2, under 
the command of Lieut. -Com. John M. Hawley, 
followed soon after by the remainder of the First 
Battalion, making the whole number from Chi- 
cago 400, with 2G7, constituting the Second Bat- 
talion, from other towns of the State. The latter 
•was made up of 1-17 men from MoUne, o8 from 
Quincy, and 63 from Alton — making a total from 
the State of 6G7. Tliis does not include others, 
not belonging to this organization, who enlisted 
for service in the navy during the war, which 
raised the whole number for the State over 1,000. 
The Reserves enlisted from Illinois occupied a 
different relation to the Government from that 
of the "naval militia" of other States, which 
retained their State organizations, wliile those 
from Illinois were regularly miistered into the 
United States service. The recruits from Illinois 
were embarked at Key West, Norfolk and New 
York, and distributed among fifty -two different 
vessels, including nearly every vessel belonging 
to the North Atlantic Squadron. They saw serv- 
ice in nearly every department from the position 
of stokers in the hold to that of gunners in the 
turrets of the big battleships, the largest number 
(60) being assigned to the famous battleship Ore- 
gon, while the cruiser Yale followed with 47; the 
Harvard with S'); Cincinnati, 27; Yankton, 19; 
Franklin, 18; Montgomery and Indiana, each, 17; 
Hector, 14; Marietta, 11; Wilmington and Lan- 
caster, 10 each, and others down to one each. 
Illinois sailors thus had the privilege of partici- 
pating in the brilliant affair of July 3, which 
resulted in the destruction of Cervera's fleet off 
Santiago, as also in nearly every other event in 
the West Indies of less importance, without the 
loss of a man while in the service, although 
among the most exposed. They were mustered 
out at different times, as they could be spared 
from the service, or the vessels to which they 
were attached went out of commission, a portion 
serving out their full term of one year. The 
Reserves from Chicago retain their organization 
under the name of "Naval Reserve Veterans," 
with headquarters iu the Masonic Temple Build- 
ing, Chicago. 

WARD, James H., ex-Congressman, was born 
in Chicago, Nov. 30, 1S.")3, and educated in the 
Chicago public schools and at the University of 
Notre D.anie, graduating from the latter in 1873. 
Three years later he graduated from the Union 
College of Law, Chicago, and was admitted to 
the bar. Since then he has continued to practice 
his profession in his native city. In 1879 he was 
elected Supervisor of the town of West Chicago, 



and, in 1884, was a candidate for Presidential 
Elector on the Democratic ticket, and the same 
year, was the successful candidate of his party 
for Congress in the Third Illinois District, serv- 
ing one term. 

WINNEBAGO INDIANS, a tribe of the Da 
cota, or Sioux, stock, which at one time occupied 
a part of Northern IlUnois. The word Winne- 
bago is a corruption of the French Guinebe- 
goutz, Guimbegouc, etc., the diphtliong "ou" 
taking the place of the consonant "w," which is 
wanting in the French alphabet. These were, 
in turn, French misspellings of an Algonquin 
term meaning "fetid," which the latter tribe 
applied to the Winnebagoes because they had 
come from the western ocean — the salt (or 
"fetid") water. In their advance towards the 
East the Winnebagoes earlj- invaded the country 
of the Illinois, but were finally driven north- 
ward by the latter, who surpassed them in num- 
bers rather than in bravery. The invaders 
settled in Wisconsin, near the Fox River, and 
here they were first visited by the Jesuit Fathers 
in the seventeenth century. (See Jesuit Rela- 
tions.) The Winnebagoes are commonly re- 
garded as a Wisconsin tribe; yet, that they 
claimed territorial rights in Illinois is shown by 
the fact that the treaty of Prairia du Chien 
(August 1, 1829), alludes to a Winnebago village 
located in what is now Jo Daviess County, near 
the mouth of the Pecatonica River. While, as a 
rule, the tribe, if left to itself, was disposed to 
live in amity with the whites, it was carried 
away by the eloquence and diplomacy of 
Tecumseh and the cajoleries of "The Prophet."' 
General Harrison especially alludes to the brav- 
ery of the Winnebago warriors at Tippecanoe' 
which he attributees in part, however, to a super- 
stitious faith in "The Prophet." In June or 
Jul}', 1827, an unjirovoked and brutal outrage by 
the whites upon an unoffending and practically 
defenseless party of Winnebagoes, near Prairie 
du Chien brought on what is known as the 
'Winnebago War." (See Winnebago War.) 
The tribe took no part in the Black Hawk War, 
largely because of the great influence and shrewd 
tactic of their chief, Naw-caw. By treaties 
executed in 1832 and 1837 the Winnebagoes ceded 
to the United States all their lands lying east of 
the Mississippi. They were finally removed west 
of that river, and, after many shiftings of loca- 
tion, were placed upon the Gmaha Reservation in 
Eastern Nebraska, where their industry, thrift 
and peaceable disposition elicited high praise 
from Government officials. 



IIISTOEICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



577 



WARXER, Vespasian, lawyer and Member of 
Congress, was born in De Witt County, 111., April 
23, 1842, and has lived all his life in his native 
county — his present residence being Clinton. 
After a short course in Lombard University, 
while studying law in the office of Hon. Law- 
rence AVeldon, at Clinton, he enlisted as a private 
soldier of the Twentieth Illinois Volunteers, in 
June, ISCl, serving until July, 180(i. when he was 
mustered out with the rank of Ca|)tain and 
brevet Major. He received a gunshot wound at 
Shiloh, but continued to serve in the Army of 
the Tennessee until the evacuation of Atlanta, 
when he was ordered North on account of dis- 
ability. His last service was in fighting Indians 
on the plains. After the war he completed his 
law studies at Harvard University, graduating in 
1808, wlien he entered into a law partnership 
with Clifton H. Moore of Clinton. He served as 
Judge- Advocate General of the Illinois National 
Guard for several j-ears, with the rank of Colonel, 
under the admini.strations of Governors Hamil- 
ton, Oglesby and Fifer, and, in 1894, was nomi- 
nated and elected, as a Republican, to the 
Fifty-fourtli Congress for the Thirteenth District, 
being re-elected in 189G, and again in 1898. In 
the Fifty -fifth Congress, Mr. Warner was a mem- 
ber of the Committees on Agriculture and Invalid 
Pensions, and Chairman of the Ct)minittee on 
Revision of the Laws. 

WARREN, a village in Jo Daviess County, at 
intersection of the Illinois Central and tlie Chi- 
cago, Milwaukee & St. Paul Railways. 26 miles 
west-northwest of Freeport and 27 miles east by 
north- of Galena. The surrounding region is 
agricultural and stock-raising; there are also lead 
mines in the vicinity. Tobacco is grown to some 
extent. Warren ha.s a flouring mill, tin factorj', 
creamer}' and stone quarries, a State bank, water 
supply from artesian wells, fire department, gas 
plant, two weekly new.spapers, five churches, a 
high school, an academy and a public library. 
Pop. (1890), 1,172; (1000), 1,327. 

WARREN, Calvin A., lawyer, was born in 
Essex County, N. Y., June 3, 1807; in his youth, 
worked for a time, as a typographer, in the office 
of "The Northern Spectator." at Poultney, Vt., 
side by side with Horace Greeley, afterwards the 
founder of "The New York Tribune." Later, he 
became one of the publishers of "The Palladium" 
at Hallston, N. Y., but, in 1832, removed to 
Hamilton County, Ohio, where he began the 
study of law, completing his course at Transyl- 
vania University, Ky., in 1834, and beginning 
practice at. Batavia, Ohio, as the partner of 



Thomas Morris, then a United States Senator 
from Ohio, whose daughter he married, thereby 
becoming the brother-in-law of the late Isaac N. 
Morris, of Quincy, 111. In 1836, Mr. Warren 
came to Quincy, Adams County, 111 , but soon 
after removed to Warsaw in Hancock County, 
where he resided until 1839, when he returned to 
Quincy. Here he continued in practice, either 
alone or as a partner, at different times, of sev- 
eral of the leading attorneys of that citj-. 
Although he held no office except that of Ma.sier 
in Chancery, which he oc-cupied for some si.xteen 
years, the possession of an ine.xhaustible fund of 
humor, with strong practical sense and decided 
ability as a speaker, gave him great pojjularity 
at the bar and upon the stump, and made him a 
recognized leader in the ranks of the Democratic 
party, of which he was a life-long member. He 
served as Presidential Elector on the Pierce 
ticket in 1852, and was the nominee of his party 
for the same position on one or two other occa- 
sions. Died, at Quincy, Feb. 22, 1881. 

WARREX, Hooper, pioneer journalist, was 
born at Walpole, N. H. , in 1790 ; learned the print- 
er's trade on the Rutland (Vt.) "Herald"; in 
1814 went to Delaware, whence, three years later, 
he emigrated to Kentucky, working for a time 
on a paper at Frankfort. In 1818 he came to St. 
Louis and worked in the office of the old "Mis- 
souri Gazette" (the predecessor of "The Repub- 
lican"), and also acted as the agent of a lumber 
company at Cairo, 111. , when the whole popula- 
tion of that place consisted of one family domi- 
ciled on a grounded flat-boat. In March, 1819, 
he established, at Ed%vardsville, the third paper 
in Illinois, its predecessors being "The Illinois 
Intelligencer," at Kaskaskia, and "The Illinois 
Emigrant," at Shawneetown. The name given 
to the new paper was "The Spectator," and the 
contest over the effort to introiluce a pro-slavery 
clau.se in the State Conslituliun soon brought it 
into prominence. Backed by Governor Coles, 
Congressman Daniel P. Cook, Judge S. D. Lock- 
wood, Rev. Thomas Lippincott, Judge Wm. H. 
Brown (afterwards of Chicago), George Churchill 
and other opponents of slavery, "The Spectator" 
made a sturdy fight in ojiiKisition to the scheme, 
which ended in defeat of the mea.sure by the 
rejection at the polls, in 1824, of the proposition 
for a Constitutional Convention. Warren left 
the Edwardsville paper in 182."). and was, for a 
time, associated with "The National Crisis," an 
anti-slavery paper at Cincinnati, but soon re- 
turned to Illinois and established "The .Sangamon 
Spectator" — the first pajier ever published at the 



578 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLIXOIS. 



present State capital. Tliis he sold ovit in 1829, 
and, £or tlie next three years, was connected 
with "Tlie Advertiser and Upper Mississippi Her- 
ald," at Galena. Abandoning this field in 1832, 
he removed to Hennepin, wliere, within the next 
five years, he held the offices of Clerk of the Cir- 
cuit and County Commissioners" Courts and ex- 
officio Recorder of Deeds. In 183G he began the 
publication of the third paper in Chicago — "The 
Commercial Advertiser" (a weekly) — whicli was 
continued a little more tluin a year, when it was 
abandoned, and he settled on a farm at Henry, 
Marshall County. His furtlier newspa])er ven- 
tures were, as tlie associate of Zebina Eastman, in 
the publication of "Tlie Genius of Liberty," at 
Lowell, La Salle County, and "The Western 
Citizen" — afterwards "The Free West" — in Chi- 
cago. (See Eastman, Zebina, and Lundy, Ben- 
jamin.) On the discontinuance of "Tlie Free 
West" in 1856, he again retired to his farm at 
Henry, where he spent the remainder of his days. 
While returning home from a visit to Chicago, 
in August, 1864, he was taken ill at Mendota, 
dying there on the 22d of the month. 

WARREN, John Esaias, diplomatist and real- 
estate operator, was born in Troy, N. Y., in 1836, 
graduated at Union College and was connected 
with tlie American Legation to Spain during the 
administration of President Pierce: in 18o9-60 
was a member of the Minnesota Legislature and, 
in 1861-62, Mayor of St. Paul; in 1867, came to 
Chicago, where, while engaged in real-estate 
business, he became known to the press as the 
author of a series of articles entitled "Topics of 
the Time." In 1886 he took np his residence in 
Brussels, Belgium, where he died, July 6, 1896. 
Mr. Warren was author of several volumes of 
travel, of which "An Attache in Spain" and 
"Para" are most important. 

WARREN COUNTY. A western county, 
created by act of the Legislature, in 1825, but 
not fully organized until 1S30, having at that time 
about 350 inhabitants ; has an area of 540 square 
miles, and was named for Gen. Josepli Wan-en. 
It is drained by the Henderson River and its 
affluents, and is traversed by the Chicago, Bur- 
lington & Quincj- (two divisions), the Iowa 
Central and the Atchi.son, Topeka and Santa Fe 
Railroads, Bituminous coal is mined and lime- 
stone is quarried in large quantities. The county's 
early development was retarded in consequence 
of having become the "seat of war," during the 
Black Hawk War. The principal products are 
grain and live-stock, although manufacturing is 
carried on to some extent. The county-seat and 



chief city is Monmouth (which see). Roseville 
is a shipping point. Population (1880), 22,933. 
(1890), 21,281; (1900), 23,163. 

WARRENSBUKdi, a town of Macon County, 
on Peoria Division 111. Cent. Railway, 9 miles 
northwest of Decatur; has elevators, canning 
factory, a bank and newspaper. Pop. (1900), 508. 

WARSAW, tlie largest town in Hancock 
County, and admirably situated for trade. It 
stands on a bluff on the Mississippi River, some 
three miles below Keokuk, and about 40 miles 
above Quincy. It is the western terminus of the 
Toledo, Peoria & Western Railway, and lies 116 
miles west-southwest of Peoria. Old Fort 
Edwards, established by Gen. Zachary Taylor, 
during the War of 1813, was located within the 
limits of the present city of Warsaw, opposite the 
mouth of the Des Moines River. An iron 
foundry, a large woolen mill, a plow factory 
and cooperage works are its principal manufac- 
turing establishments. The channel of the Missis- 
sippi admits of the passage of the largest steamers 
up to this point. Warsaw lias eight churches, a 
system of common schools comprising one high 
and three grammar schools, a National bank and 
two weekly newspapers. Population (1880), 3,105; 
(1890), 2,721; (1900), 2,335. 

WASHBURN, a village of Woodford County, on 
a branch of tlie Chicago & Alton Railway 35 
miles northeast of Peoria; has banks and a 
weekly paper ; the district is agricultural. Popu- 
lation (ISOO), 598; (1900), 703. 

WASHBURNE, Elihu Beujamin, Congressman 
and diplomatist, was born at Livermore, Maine, 
Sept. 23, 1816; in early life learned the trade of a 
printer, but gi'aduated from Harvard Law School 
and was admitted to the bar in 1840. Coming 
west, he settled at Galena, forming a partnership 
with Charles S. Hempstead, for tlie practice of 
law, in 1841. He was a stalwart Whig, and, as 
such, was elected to Congress in 1852. He con- 
tinued to represent his District until 1869, taking 
a prominent position, as a Republican, on the 
organization of that party. On account of his 
long service he was known as the "Father of the 
House," administering the Speaker's oath three 
times to Schuyler Colfax and once to James G. 
Blaine. He was appointed Secretary of State by 
General Grant in 1869, but surrendered his port- 
folio to become Envoy to France, in wliicli ca- 
pacity lie achieved great distinction. He was the 
only official representative of a foreign govern- 
ment who remained in Paris, during the siege of 
that city by the Germans (1870-71) and the reign 
of the "Commune." For his conduct he was 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



579 



honored by the Governments of France and Ger- 
many alike. On his return to the United States, 
lie made his liome in ( 'hicago, where he devoted 
his hitter yeai's chiefly to literary labor, and 
where he died. Oct. 23, lyw?. lie was strongly 
favored ;usa candidate for the Presidencj- in 1880. 
■W.ASHINGTON, a city in Tazewell County, 
situated at the intersection of the Cliioago & 
Alton, the Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe, and the 
Toledo, Peoria & Western Railroads. It is 31 
miles west of EI Paso, and 12 miles east of Peoria. 
Carriages, plows and fanning implements con- 
stitute the manufactured output. It is also an 
important shipping-point for farm products. It 
has electric light and water-works plants, eight 
churches, a graded school, two banks and two 
newspapers. Pop. (1890), 1,301; (1900), 1,451. 

WASHINGTON COUNTY, an interior county of 
Southern Illinois, ea.stof St Louis; is drained by 
the Kaskaskia River and the Elkhorn, Beaucoup 
and Muddy Creeks; was organized in 1818, and 
lias an area of 540 square miles. The surface is 
diversified, well watered and timbered. The 
soil is of variable fertility. Corn, wheat and 
oats are the chief agricultural products. Manu- 
facturing is carried on to some extent, among 
the products being agricultural implements, 
flom-, carriages and wagons. The most impor- 
tant town is Nashville, which is also the couuty- 
seat. Population (1890), 19,2(;2; (1900), 19,52G. 
■Washington was one of the hfteon counties into 
which Illinois was divided at the organization of 
the State Government, being one of the last 
three created during the Territorial period — the 
other two being Franklin and Union. 

WASHINGTON HEIGHTS, a village of Cook 
County, on the Chicago, Rock Island & Pacific 
and the Pittsburg, Cincinnati, Chicago & St. 
Louis Railways, 12 miles southwest of Chicago; 
has a graded school, female seminary, military 
school, a car factory, several churches and a 
newspaper. Annexed to City of Chicago, 1890. 

WATAGA, a village of Knox County, on the 
Chicago, Burlington & Quincy Railroad, 8 riiiles 
northea.st of Galesburg. Population (1900), .545. 
W.VTEKLOO, the county -seat and chief town 
of Jlonroe County, on the Illinois Division of the 
• Mobile & Ohio Railroad. 24 miles east of south 
from St. Louis. The region is chiefly agricultural, 
but underlaid with coal. Its industries embrace 
two flour mills, a plow factory, distillery, cream- 
ery, two ice plants, and some minor concerns. 
The city has municipal water and electric light 
plants, four churches, a graded school and two 
newspapers. Pop. (1890), 1,860; (1900). 3.114. 



WATERMAN, Arba Nelson, lawyer and jurist, 
was born at Greensboro. Orleans County, Vt., 
Feb. 3, 183(5. After receiving an academic edu- 
cation and teaching for a time, he read law at 
Montpelier and. later, passed through the Albany 
Law School. In 1801 he was admitted to the 
bar, removed to Joliet, 111., and opened an office. 
In 1862 he enlisted as a private in the One Hun- 
dredth Illinois Volunteers, serving with the 
Army of the Cumberland for two years, and 
being mustered out in August, 1864, with the 
rank of Lieutenant-Colonel. On leaving the 
army, Colonel Waterman commenced practice in 
Chicago. In 187374 he represented the Eleventh 
"Ward in the City Council. In 1887 he was elected 
to the bench of the Cook County Circuit Court, 
and was reelected in 1891 and, again, in 1897. In 
1890 he was assigned as one of the Judges of the 
Appellate Court. 

WATSEKA, the county-seat of Iroquois County, 
situated ou the Iroquois River, at the mouth of 
Sugar Creek, and at the intersection of the Chi- 
cago & Eastern Illinois and the Toledo, Peoria & 
Western Railroads, 77 miles south of Chicago, 4G 
miles north of Danville and 14 miles east of 
Oilman. It has flour-mills, brick and tile works 
and foundries, besides several churches, banks, a 
graded school and three weekly newspapers. 
Artesian well water is obtained by boring to the 
depth of 100 to 160 feet, and some forty flowing 
streams from these shafts are in the place. Popu- 
lation (1890), 2,017; (1900), 2,505. 

WATTS, Amos, jurist, was born in St. Clair 
County, 111., Oct. 25, 1821, but removed to Wash- 
ington Countj' in boyhood, and was elected County 
Clerk in 1847, "49 and '53, and State's Attorney 
for the Second Judicial District in 1856 and '60; 
then became editor and proprietor of a news- 
paper, later resuming the practice of law. and, in 
1873, was elected Circuit Judge, remaining in 
office until his death, at Nashville, 111 Dec. 6, 
1888. 

WAUKEGAX, tlie county-.seat and principal 
city of Lake County, situated en the shore of 
Lake Michigan and on the Chicago & North- 
western Railroad, about 36 miles north by west 
from Chicago, and 50 miles south of Milwaukee; 
is also the northern terminus of the Elgin, Joliet 
& Eastern Railroad and connected by electric 
lines with Chicago and Fox Lake. Lake Michigan 
is about 80 miles wide opposite this point. 
Waukegan was first known as "Little Fort." 
from the remains of an old fort that stood on its 
site. The principal part of the city is built on a 
bluff, which rises abruptly to the height of about 



680 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLIXOIS. 



fifty feet. Between the blulT and the shore is a 
fiat tract about 400 yanls wide wliich is occupied 
by gardens, dwellings, warehouses and manu- 
factories. The manufactures include steel-wire, 
refined sugar, scales, agricultural implements, 
brass and iron products, sash, doors and blinds, 
leather, beer, etc. : the city has paved streets, gas 
and electric light plants, three banks, eight or 
ten churches, graded and high schools and two 
newspapers. A large trade in grain, lumber, coal 
and dairy products is carried on. Pop. (1890). 
4,91.5; (1900). 9,42fl. 

WAIKEGAN & SOUTHWESTERN RAIL- 
WAY. (See Elgin, Joliet & Eautcni Railway.) 

WAVEiiLY, a city in Morgan County, 18 miles 
southeast of Jacksonville, on the Jacksonville & 
St. Louis and the Chicago, Peoria & St. Louis 
Railroads. It was originally settled by enter- 
prising emigrants from New England, whose 
descendants con.stitute a large proportion of the 
population. It is the cepter of a rich agricultural 
region, has a fine graded school, six or seven 
churches, two banks, two newspapers and tile 
works. Population (1880), 1,134; (1890). 1.337; 
(1900), 1,573. 

WAYNE, (Gen.) Anthony, soldier, was born in 
Chester County, Pa., Jan. 1, 1745, of Anglo-Irish 
descent, graduated as a Surveyor, and first prac- 
ticed his profession in Nova Scotia. During the 
years immediately antecedent to the Revolution 
he was prominent in the colonial councils of his 
native State, to wliich he had returned in 1767, 
■where he became a member of the "Committee of 
Safety." On June 3, 1776, he was commissioned 
Colonel of the Fourth Regiment of Pennsylvania 
troops in the Continental army, and, during the 
War of the Revolution, was conspicuous for his 
courage and ability as a leader. One of his most 
daring and successful achievements was the cap- 
ture of Stony Point, in 1779, when — the works 
having been carried and Wayne having received, 
■what was supposed to be, his death-wound — he 
entered the fort, supported by his aids. For this 
service he was awarded a gold medal by Con- 
gress. He also took a conspicuous part in the 
investitvire and capture of Yorktown. In October, 
1783, he was brevetted Major-General. In 1784 
lie was elected to the Pennsylvania Legislature. 
A few years later he settled in Georgia, which 
State he represented in Congress for seven 
months, when his seat was declared vacant after 
contest. In April, 1793, he was confirmed as 
General-in-Chief of the United States Army, on 
nomination of President Washington. His con- 
nection with Illinois history began shortly after 



St. Clair's defeat, when he led a force into Ohio 
(1783) and erected a stockade at Greenville, 
which he named Fort Recovery ; his object being 
to subdue the hostile savage tribes. In this he 
was eminently successful and, on August 3, 
1793, after a victorious campaign, negotiated the 
Treaty of Greenville, as broad in its provisions as 
it was far-reaching in its influence. He was a 
daring fighter, and although Washington called 
him "prudent," his dauutlessness earned for him 
the sobriquet of "Mad Anthony." In matters of 
dress he was punctilious, and, on this account, 
he was sometimes dubbed "Dandy Wayne." He 
was one of the few white officers whom aU the 
Western Indian tribes at once feared and re- 
spected. They named him "Black Snake" and 
"Tornado." He died at Presque Isle near Erie, 
Dec. 15, 1796. Thirteen years afterward his 
remains were removed by one of his sons, and 
interred in Badnor churchyard, in his native 
county. The Pennsylvania Historical Society 
erected a marble monument over his grave, and 
appropriately dedicated it on July 4 of the same 
year. 

WAYNE COUNTY, in the southeast quarter of 
the State ; has an area of 720 square miles ; was 
organized in 1819, and named for Gen. Anthony 
AVayne. The county is watered and drained by 
the Little Wabash and its branches, notably the 
Skillet Fork. At the first election held in the 
county, only fifteen votes were cast. Early life 
was exceedingly primitive, the first settlers 
pounding corn into meal with a wooden pestle, 
a hollowed stump being used as a mortar. The 
first mill erected (of the antique South Carolina 
pattern) charged 35 cents per bushel for grinding. 
Prairie and woodland make up the surface, and 
the soil is fertile. Railroad facilities are furnished 
by the Louisville, Evansville & St. Louis and the 
Baltimore & Ohio (Southwestern) Railroads. 
Corn, oats, tobacco, wheat, hay and wool are the 
chief agricultural products. Saw mills are numer- 
ous and there are also carriage and wagon facto- 
ries. Fairfield is the county-seat. Population 
(1880), 21,391; (1890), 23,806; (1900), 27,626. 

WEAS, THE, a branch of the Miami tribe of 
Indians. They called themselves "We-wee- 
hahs," and were spoken of by the French as "Oui- 
at-a-nons" and "Oui-as." Other corruptions of 
the name were common among the British and 
American colonists. In 1718 they had a village 
at Chicago, but abandoned it through fear of 
their hostile neighbors, the Chippewas and Potta- 
watomies. The Weas were, at one time, brave 
and warlike ; but their numbers were reduced by 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



531 



constant warfare and disease, antl, in the end, 
debauchery enervated and demoralized theiu. 
They were removed west of the Jlississii^pi and 
given a reservation in Miami County, Kan. This 
they ultimately sold, and, under tlie leadership 
of Baptiste Peoria, united with their few remain- 
ing bretliron of the Miamis and with the remnant 
of the llli-ni under the title of the "confederated 
tribes." and settled in Indian Territory. (See also 
Miamis: Pianlieslidws. ) 

WEBB, Edwin B., early lawyer and politician, 
was born alxjut ItSOi, came to the vicinity of 
Carmi, White County, 111., about 1828 to 1830, 
and. still later, studied law at Transylvania Uni- 
versity. He held the office of Prosecuting 
Attorney of White County, and, in 1834, was 
elected to the lower branch of the General 
Assembly, serving, by successive re-elections, 
tintil 1842, and. in the Senate, from 1842 to "40. 
During his service in the House he was a col- 
league and political and personal friend of 
Abraham Lincoln. He opposed the internal 
improvement scheme of 1837, predicting many 
of the disasters which were actually realized a 
few years later. He was a candidate for Presi- 
dential Elector ou the Whig ticket, in 1844 and 
'48, and, in 1852, received the nomination for 
Governor as the opponent of Joel A. Mattcson, 
two years later, being an unsuccessful candidate 
for Justice of the Supreme Court in opposition to 
Juflge W. B. Scates. While i)racticing law at 
Carmi, he was also a partner of his brother in 
the mercantile business. Died, Oct. 14, 1858, in 
the 56th year of his age. 

WEBB, Henry Livingston, soldier and pioneer 
(an elder brother of James Watson Webb, a noted 
New York journalist), was born at Claverack, 
N. Y., Feb. 6, 1795; served as a soldier in the 
War of 1812, came to Southern Illinois in 1817, 
and l>ecame one of the founders of the town of 
America near the mouth of the Ohio; wa.s Repre- 
sentative in the Fourth and Eleventh General 
As.semblies, a Major in the Black Hawk War and 
Captain of volunteers and, afterwards, Colonel of 
regulars, in the Mexican War. In 1800 he went 
to Texas and served, for a time, in a semi-mili- 
tary capacity under the Confederate Govern- 
ment; returned to Illinois in 18G9, and died, at 
Makan<la. Oct. 5. 187G. 

WEBSTER, Fletcher, lawyer and soldier, was 
born at Portsmouth, N. H., July 23, 1813; gradu- 
ated at Harvard in 1833, and studied law with 
his father (Daniel Webster) ; in 18;?7, located at 
Peru, 111., where he practiced three years. His 
father having been appointed Secretary of State 



in 1811, the son became his private secretary, 
was aLso Secretary of Legation to Caleb Gushing 
(Minister to China) in 1843, a member of the 
Massachusetts Legislature in 1847, and Surveyor 
of the Port of Boston, 1850-61 ; tlie latter year 
became Colonel of the Twelfth JIa.ssachusetts 
Volunteers, and was killed in the second battle 
of Bull Run, August 30, 1862. 

WEBSTER, Joseph Dana, civil engineer and 
soldier, was born at Old Hampton, N. H., 
August 2.5, 1811. He graduated from Dart- 
mouth College in 1832, and afterwards read 
law at Newburyport, Mass. His natural incli- 
nation was for engineering, and, after serv- 
ing for a time in the Engineer and War offices, 
at AVashington, was made a United States civil 
engineer (1835) and, on July 7, 1838, entered the 
army as Second Lieutenant of Topographical 
Engineers. He served through the Slexican 
War, was made First Lieutenant in 1849. and 
promoted to a captaincy, in March, 1853. Thir- 
teen months later he resigned, removing to Chi- 
cago, where he made his permanent home, and 
soon after was identified, for a time, with the 
proprietorship of "The Cliicago Tribune." He 
was President of the commission that perfected 
the Chicago sewerage system, and designed and 
executed the raising of tlie grade of a large por- 
tion of the city from two to eight feet, whole 
blocks of buildings being rai:;ed by jack screws, 
while new foundations were inserted. At the 
outbreak of the Civil War he tendered his serv- 
ices to the Government and superintended the 
erection of the fortifications at Cairo, 111., and 
Paducah, Ky. On April 7, 1861, he was com- 
missioned Paymaster of Volunteers, with the 
rank of Major, and, in February, 1862, Colonel of 
the First Illinois Artillery. For several months 
he was chief of General Grant's staff, particijiat- 
ing in the capture of Forts Donelson and Henry, 
and in the battle of Shiloh, in the latter as Chief 
of Artillery. In October, 1802, the War Depart- 
ment detailed him to make a survey of the lUi ■ 
nois & Michigan Canal, and, the following month. 
he was commissioned Brigadier-General of 
Volunteers, .serving as Militarj- Governor of Mem- 
phis and Superintendent of military railroad.s. 
He was again chief of staff to General Grant 
during the Vicksburg campaign, and. from 1864 
until the close of the war. occupied the same 
relation to General Sherman. He was brevetted 
Major-General of Volunteers, March 13, 18(i5. but, 
resigning Nov. 6, following, returned to Chicago, 
where he .spent the remainder of his life. From 
1869 to 1872 he was Assessor of Internal Revenue 



682 



HISTOraCAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLIXOIS. 



there, and, later. Assistant United States Treas- 
urer, and, in Julj', 1873, was api^ointed Collector 
of Internal Revenue. Died, at Chicago, March 
13, 1876. 

WELCH, William R., lawyer and jui-ist, was 
born in Jessamine County, Ky., Jan. 33, 1838, 
educated at Transylvania University, Lexington, 
graduating from the academic department in 
1847, and, from the law school, in 1851. In 1864 he 
removed to Carlinville, Macoupin County, 111., 
which place he made his permanent home. In 
1877 he was elected to the bench of the Fifth 
Circuit, and re-elected in 1879 and '85. In 1884 
he was assigned to the bench of the Appellate 
Court for the Second District. Died, Sept. 1, 
1888. 

WELDOJf, Lawrence, one of the Judges of the 
United States Court of Claims, Washington, 
D. C, was born in Muskingum County, Ohio, in 
1839 ; while a child, removed with his parents to 
Madison County, and was educated in the com- 
mon schools, the local academy and at Wittenberg 
College, Springfield, in the same State ; read law 
with Hon. R. A. Harrison, a prominent member 
of the Ohio bar, and was admitted to practice in 
1854, meanwhile, in 1853-53, having served as a 
clerk in the olBce of the Secretary of State at 
Columbus. In 1854 he removed to Illinois, locat- 
ing at Clinton, DeWitt County, where he engaged 
in practice ; in 1860 was elected a Representative 
in the Twenty-second General Assembly, was 
also chosen a Presidential Elector the same year, 
and assisted in the first election of Abraham 
Lincoln to the Presidency. Early in 1861 he 
resigned his seat in the Legislature to accept the 
position of United States District Attorne)' for 
the Southern District of Illinois, tendered him by 
President Lincoln, but resigned the latter office 
in 18G6 and, the following year, removed to 
Bloomington, where he continued the practice of 
his profession until 1883, when he was appointed, 
by President Arthur, an Associate Justice of the 
United States Court of Claims at Washington — 
a position which he still (1899) continues to fill. 
Judge Weldon is among the remaining few who 
rode the circuit and practiced law with Mr. Lin- 
coln. From the time of coming to the State in 
1854 to 1860, he was one of 31r. Lincoln's most 
intimate traveling companions in the old 
Eighth Circuit, which extended from Sangamon 
County on the west to Vermilion on the east, ami 
of which Judge David Davis, afterwards of the 
Supreme Court of the United States and United 
States Senator, was the presiding Justice. The 
Judge holds in his memory many pleasant remi- 



niscences of that day, especially of the eastern 
portion of the District, where he was accustomed 
to meet the late Senator Voorhees. Senator Mc- 
Donald and other leading lawyers of Indiana, as 
well as the historic men whom he met at the 
State capital. 

WELLS, Albert W., lawyer and legislator, was 
born at Woodstock, Conn., May 9, 1839, and 
enjoyed only such educational and other advan- 
tages as belonged to the average New England 
boy of that period. During his boyhood his 
family removed to New Jersey, where he attended 
an academj-, later, graduating from Columbia 
College and Law School in New York City, and 
began practice with State Senator Robert Allen 
at Red Bank, N. J. Diu-ing the Civil War he 
enlisted in a New Jersey regiment and took part 
in the battle of Gettj'sbvu-g, resuming his profes- 
sion at the close of the war. Coming west in 
1870, he settled in Quincy, 111., where he con- 
tinued practice. In 1886 he was elected to the 
House of Representatives from Adams Coimty, 
as a Democrat, and re-elected two years later. 
In 1890 he was advanced to the Senate, where, 
by re-election in 1894, he served continuously 
until his death in office, March 5, 1897. His 
abilities and long service — covering the sessions 
of the Tliirty-fifth to the Fortieth General Assem- 
blies — place<l him at the head of the Democratic 
side of the Senate during the latter jjart of his 
legislative career. 

WELLS, William, soldier and victim of the 
Fort Dearborn massacre, was born in Kentucky, 
about 1770. When a boy of 12, he was captured 
by the Miami Indians, whose chief. Little Turtle, 
adopted him. giving him his daughter in mar- 
riage when he grew to manhood. He was highly 
esteemed by the tribe as a warrior, and, in 1790, 
was present at the battle where Gen. Arthur St. 
Clair was defeated. He then realized that he 
was figiiting against his own race, and informed 
his father-in-law that he intended to ally himself 
with the whites. Leaving the Miamis, he made 
his way to General Wayne, who made him Cap- 
tain of a company of scouts. After the treaty of 
Greenville (1795) he settled on a farm near Fort 
Wayne, where he was joined by his Indian wife. 
Here he acted as Indian Agent and Justice of the 
Peace. In 1812 he learned of the contemplated 
evacuation of Fort Dearborn, and, at the head of 
thirty Jliamis, he set out for the post, his inten- 
tion being to furnish a body-guard to the non- 
combatants on their proposed march to Fort 
Wayne. On August 13, he marched out of the 
fort with fifteen of his duskv warriors behind 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



5S3 



him, the remainder bringing up the rear. Before 
a mile and a lialf had been traveled, the party fell 
into an Indian anibu.seade, and an indiscrimi- 
nate ma.s.sacre followed. (See Fort Dearborn.) 
The Miamis fled, and Captain Wells' body was 
riddled with bullets, his head cut oil and his 
heart taken out. He was an uncle of Mrs. Heald, 
wife of the coinniander of Fort Dearborn. 

WELLS, William Harvey, educator, was born 
in Tolland, Conn., Feb. 27, 1812; lived on a farm 
xmtil 17 years old, attending school irregularly, 
but made such progress that he became succes- 
sively a teacher in tlie Teachers" Seminary at 
Andoverand Newburyport, and, finally. Principal 
of the State Normal School at Westfield, JI;iss. 
In 1850 he accepted the position of Superintend- 
ent of Public Schools for the citj' of Chicago, 
serving till 1864, when he resigned. He was an 
organizer of the Massachusetts State Teachers' 
Association, one of the first editors of "The 
Massjichusetts Teacher" and prominently con- 
nected with various benevolent, educational and 
learned societies: was also author of several text- 
books, and assisted in the revision of "Web.ster"s 
Unabridged Dictionary." Died. Jan. 21, 1885. 

WENON.\, city on the eastern border of Mar- 
shall County, 20 miles south of La Salle, has 
zinc works, public and parochial schools, a 
weekly paper, two banks, and five churches. A 
good quality of soft coal is mined here. Popu- 
lation (1S80). 911; (1890), \M'i: (1900), 1,486. 

WEXTWORTH, John, early journalist and 
Congressman, wiis born at Sandwich, N. H., 
March 5, 1815, graduated from Dartmouth Col- 
lege in 1836, and came to Chicago the same year, 
■where he became editor of "The Chicago Demo- 
crat," which had been established by John Cal- 
houn three years previous. He soon after became 
proprietor of "The Democrat," of which he con- 
tinued to l>e tlie publisher until it was merged 
into "The Chicago Tribune," July 24, 1864. He 
also studied law, and was admitted to tlie Illinois 
bar in 1841. He served in Congress as a Demo- 
crat from 184:? to 1851, and again from 1853 to 
1855, but left the Democratic party on the repeal 
of the Missouri Compromise. He was elected 
Mayor of Chicago in 1857, and again in 1860, 
during his incumbency introducing a number of 
important municijial reforms; was a member of 
the Constitutional Convention of 1862, and twice 
served on the Board of Education, lie again 
repre.sented Illinois in Congress as a Republican 
from 1865 to 1867 — making fourteen years of 
service in that tody. In 1872 he joined in the 
Greeley movement, but later renewed his alle- 



giance to the Republican party. In 187i rfr. Went- 
worth published an elaborate genealogical work 
in three volumes, entitled "History of the Went- 
worth Family." A volume of "Congressional 
Reminiscences" and two by him on "Early Chi- 
cago," publislied in connection with the Fergus 
Historical Series, contain some valuable informa- 
tion on early local and national history. On 
account of his extraordinary height lie received 
the sobriquet of "Long John," by whicli he was 
familiarly known throughout the State. Died, 
in Chicago. Oct. 16. 1888. 

WEST, Ednnrd M., merchant and banker, was 
born in Virginia, May 2, 1814; came with his 
father to Illinois in 1818; in 1829 became a clerk 
in tlie Recorder's office at Edwardsville, also 
served as deputy postmaster, and, in 1833. took a 
position in the United States Land Office there. 
Two years later he engaged in mercantile busi- 
ness, which he prosecuted over thirty years — 
meanwhile filling the office of County Treasurer, 
ex-officio Superintendent of Schools, and Delegate 
to the Constitutional Convention of 1847. In 1867, 
in conjunction with W. R. Prickett, he established 
a bank at Edwardsville, with whii;h he was con- 
nected until his death, Oct. 31, 1887. Mr. West 
officiated frequently as a "local preacher" of the 
Methodist Church, in which capacity he showed 
much ability as a public speaker. 

WEST, Mary Allen, educator and philanthro- 
pist, was born at Galesburg, 111., July 31, 1837; 
graduated at Knox Seminary in 1854 and taught 
until 1873, when she was elected County Super- 
intendent of Schools, serving nine years. She 
took an active and influential interest in educa- 
tional and reformatory movements, was for two 
years editor of "Our Home Monthlj'," in Phila- 
delphia, and also a contributor to other journals, 
besides being editor-in-chief of "The Union Sig- 
nal," Chicago, the organ of tlie AVoman's Chris- 
tian Temperance Union — in whicli slie held the 
position of President; was also President, in the 
latter days of her life, of the Illinois Woman's 
Press Association of Chicago, that city having 
become her home in 1885. In 1892. Miss West 
started on a tour of the world for the benefit of 
her health, but died at Tokio, Japan. Dec. 1, 1892. 
WESTERN HOSPITAL FOR THE INSANE, 
an institution for the treatment of the insane, 
located at Watertown, Rock Island County, in 
accordance with an act of the General Assembly, 
approved. May 22. 1895. The Thirty-ninth Gen- 
eral Assembly made an ajiprojiriation of §100,000 
for the erection of fire-proof buildings, while 
Rock Island County donated a tract of 400 acres 



684 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



of land valued at 340,000. The site selected by the 
Commissioners, is a commanding one overlooking 
the Mississippi River, eight miles above Rock 
Island, and five and a half miles from Moline, and 
the buildings are of the most modern style of con- 
struction. Watertown is reached by two lines of 
railroad — the Chicago, Slilwaukee & St. Paul and 
the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy — besides the 
Mississippi River. The erection of buildings was 
begun in 1896, and they were opened for the 
reception of patients in 1898. They have a ca- 
pacity for 800 patients. 

WESTERN MILITARY ACADEMY, an insti 
tution located at Upper Alton, Madison County, 
incorporated in 1893; has a faculty of eight mem- 
bers and reports eighty pupils for 1897-98, with 
property valued at STO,000. The institution gives 
instruction in literary and scientific branches, 
besides preparatory and business courses. 

WESTERN NORMAL COLLEGE, located at 
Bushnell, McDonough County; incorporated in 
1888. It is co-educational, has a corps of twelve 
instructors and reported 500 pupils for 1897-98, 
300 males and 200 females. 

WESTERN SPRINGS, a village of Cook 
County, and residence suburb of the city of Chi- 
cago, on the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy Rail- 
road, 15 miles west of the initial station. 
Population (1890), 451; (I'-OO), 662. 

WESTERN THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY, 
located in Chicago and controlled by the Protes- 
tant Episcopal Church. It was founded in 1883 
through the munificence of Dr. Tolman Wheeler, 
and was opened for students two years later. It 
has two buildings, of a superior order of archi- 
tecture — one including the school and lecture 
rooms and the other a dormitory. A hospital 
and gymnasium are attached to the latter, and a 
school for boys is conducted on the first floor of 
the main building, which is known as Wheeler 
Hall. The institution is imder the general super- 
vision of Rt. Rev. William E. McLai'en, Protes- 
tant Episcopal Bishop of the Diocese of Illinois. 

WESTFIELD, village of Clark County, on Cin., 
Ham. & Dayton R. R., 10 m. s -e. of Charleston; 
seat of Westfield College; has a bank, five 
churches and two newspapers. Pop. (1900), 820. 

WEST SALEM, a town of Edwards County, on 
the Peoria-Evansville Div. 111. Cent. R. R., 12 
miles northeast of Albion; has a bank and a 
weekly paper. Pop. (1890), 476; (1900), 700. 

WETHERELL, Emma AMiott, vocalist, was 
born in Chicago, Jjpc. 9, 1849; in her childhood 
attracted attention while singing with her father 
(a poor musician) in hotels and on the streets in 



Chicago, Peoria and elsewhere; at 18 years of 
age, went to New York to study, earning her way 
by giving concerts en route, and receiving aid 
and encouragement from Clara Louisa Kellogg; 
in New York was patronized by Henry Ward 
Beecher and others, and aided in securing the 
training of European masters. Compelled to sur- 
mount many obstacles from poverty and other 
causes, her after success in her profession was 
phenomenal. Died, during a professional tour, 
at Salt Lake City, Jan. 5, 1891. Miss Abbott 
married her manager, Eugene Wetherell, who 
died befoi'e lier. 

WHEATON, a city and the county-seat of Du 
Page County, situated on the Chicago & North- 
western Railway, 25 miles west of Chicago. Agri- 
culture and stock-raising are the chief industries 
in the surrounding region. The city owns a new 
water-v.-orks plant (costing §60.000) and has a 
public library valued at §75,000, the gift of a 
resident, Mr. John Quincy Adams; has a court 
house, electric light plant, sewerage and drainage 
system, seven churches, three graded schools, 
four weekly newspapers and a State bank. 
Wheaton is the seat of Wheaton College (which 
see) Population (1880), 1,160; (1890), 1,622; 
(1900), 2,345. 

WHEATON COLLEGE, an educational insti- 
tution located at Wheaton, Du Page County, and 
under Congregational control. It was founded 
in 1853, as the Illinois Institute, and was char- 
tered under its present name in 1860. Its early 
existence was one of struggle, but of late years it 
has been established on a better foundation, in 
1898 having §54,000 invested in productive funds, 
and property aggregating $136,000. The faculty 
comprises fifteen professors, and, in 1898, there 
were 321 students in attendance. It is co-edu- 
cational and instruction is given in business and 
preparatory studies, as well as the fine arts, 
music and classical literature. 

WHEELER, David Hilton, D.D., LL.D.,clergy- 
man, was born at Ithaca, N. Y., Nov. 19, 1829; 
graduated at Rock River Seminary, Mount 
Morris, in 1851; edited "The Carroll County 
Republican" and held a professorship in Cornell 
College, Iowa, (1857-61) ; was United States Con- 
sul at Geneva, Switzerland, (1861-66) ; Professor of 
English Literature in Northwestern University 
(1867-75); edited "The Methodi-st" in New York, 
seven years, and was President of Allegheny 
College (1883-87); received the degree of D.D. 
from Cornell College in 1867, and that of LL. D. 
from the Northwestern University in 1881. He 
is the author of "Brigandage in South Italy" 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



585 



(two volumes. 1864) and "B}--\Vays of Literature" 
(1883), besides some translations. 

WHEELEK, Hamilton K., ex-Congressman, 
was born at Ballston, N. Y., August 5, 1848, but 
emigrated with his parents to Illinois in 1852; 
remained on a farm until 19 years of age, his 
educational advantages being limited to three 
months' attendance upon a district school each 
year. In 1871, he was admitted to the bar at 
Kankakee, where he has since continued to prac- 
tice. In 1884 he was elected to represent the Six- 
teenth District in the State Senate, where he 
served on many important committees, being 
Chairman of that on the Judicial Department. 
In 1892 he was elected Representative in Con- 
gress from the Ninth IlUnois District, on the 
Republican ticket. 

WHEELING, a town on the northern border of 
Cook County, on the Wisconsin Central Railway. 
Population (1890). 811; (1900), 331. 

WHISTLER, (Maj.) John, soldier and builder 
of the first Fort Dearborn, was born in Ulster, Ire- 
land, about 1756; served under Burgoyne in the 
Revolution, and was with the force surrendered 
by that officer at Saratoga, in 1777. After the 
peace he returned to the United States, settled at 
Hagerstown, Md., and entered the United States 
Army, serving at first in the ranks and being 
severely wounded in the disa.strous Indian cam- 
paigns of 1791. Later, he was promoted to a 
captaincy and, in the summer of 1803, sent with 
his company, to the head of Lake Slichigan, 
where he constructed the first Fort Dearborn 
within the limits of the present city of Chicago, 
remaining in command until 1811, when he was 
succeeded by Captain Heald. He received the 
brevet rank of Major, in 1815 was appointed 
militarj' store- keeper at Newport, Ky., and after- 
wards at Jefferson Barracks, near St. Louis, 
where he died, Sept. 3, 1829. Lieut. William 
Whistler, his son, who was with his father, for a 
time, in old Fort Dearborn — but transferred, in 
1809, to Fort Wayne — was of the force included 
in Hull's surrender at Detroit in 1812. After 
his exchange he was promoted to a captaincy, to 
the rank of Major in 1820 and to a Lieutenant-Colo- 
nelcj' in 1845, dying at Newport, Ky. , in 1863. 
James Abbott 5IcNiel Whistler, the celebrated, 
but eccentric artist of that name, is a grandson 
of the first Major Whistler. 

WHITE, (ieorgc E., ex-Congressman, was born 
in Ma.-vsachusetts in 1848; after graduating, at the 
age of 16. he enlisted as a private in the Fifty- 
seventh Massachusetts Veteran Volunteers, serv- 
ing under General Grant in the campaign 



against Richmond from the battle of the Wilder- 
ness until the surrender of Lee. Having taken a 
course in a commercial college at Worcester, 
Mass., in 1867 he came to Chicago, securing em- 
ployment in a lumber yard, but a year later 
began business on his own account, which he has 
successful!}' conducted. In 1878 he was elected 
to the State Senate, as a Republican, from one of 
the Chicago Districts, and re-elected four years 
later, serving in that body eight years. He 
declined a nomination for Congress in 1884, but 
accepted in 1894, and was elected for the Fifth 
District, as he was again in 1896, but was 
defeated, in 1898, by Edward T. Noonan, Demo- 
crat. 

WHITE, Horace, journalist, was born at Cole- 
brook, N. H., August 10, 1834; in 1853 graduated 
at Beloit College, Wis., whither his father had 
removed in 1837 ; engaged in journalism as city ' 
editor of "The Chicago Evening Journal," later 
becoming agent of the Associated Press, and, in 
1857, an editorial writer on "The Chicago Trib- 
une," during a part of the war acting as its 
Washington correspondent. He also served, in 
1856, as Assistant Secretary of the Kansas 
National Committee, and, later, as Secretary of 
the Republican State Central Committee. In 
1804 he purchased an interest in "The Tribune," 
a year or so later becoming editor-in-chief, but 
retired in October, 1874. After a protracted 
European tour, he united with Carl Schurz and 
E. L. Godkin of "The Nation," in the purchase 
and reorganization of "The New York Evening 
Post," of which he is now editor-in-chief. 

WHITE, Julius, soldier, was born in Cazen- 
ovia, N. Y., Sept. 29, 1816; removed to Illinois 
in 1836, residing there and in Wisconsin, where 
he was a member of the Legislature of 1849; in 
1861 was made Collector of Customs at Chicago, 
but resigned to assume the colonelcy of the 
Thirty-seventh Illinois Volunteers, which he 
commanded on the Fremont expedition to South- 
west Missouri. He afterwards served with (jen- 
eral Curtiss in Arkansas, participated in the 
battle of Pea Ridge and was promoted to the 
rank of Brigadier-General. He was subsequently 
assigned to the Department of tlie Shenandoah, 
but finding his position at Martinsburg, W. Va., 
untenable, retired to Harper's Ferry, voluntarily 
serving under Colonel Miles, his inferior in com- 
mand. When this post was surrendered (Sept. 
15, 1862), he was made a prisoner, but released 
under parole; was tried by a court of inquiry at 
his own request, and acquitt«d, the court finding 
that he had acted with courage and capability. 



686 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



He resigned in 1864, and, in March, 1865, was 
brevetted Major-Geueral of Volunteers. Died, 
at Evanston, May 12, 1S90. 

WHITE COUNTY, situated in the southeastern 
quarter of tlie State, and bounded on the east by 
the Wabash River; was organized in 181G, being 
the tenth county organized during the Territorial 
period: area, 500 square miles. The county is 
crossed by three railroads and drained by the 
Wabash and Little Wabash Rivers. The surface 
consists of prairie and woodland, and the soil is, 
for the most part, higlily productive. The princi- 
pal agricultural products are corn, wheat, oats, 
potatoes, tobacco, fruit, butter, sorghum and 
wool. The principal industrial establishments 
are carriage factories, saw mills and ilour mills. 
Carmi is the county-seat. Other towns are En- 
field, Grayville and Norris City. Population 
(1880), 23,087; (1890), 25,005; (1900), 25,380. 

WHITEHALL, a city in Greene County, at the 
intersection of the Chicago & Alton and the 
Chicago, Burlington & (Juincy Railroads, 65 miles 
north of St. Louis and 24 miles soutli-southwest 
of Jacksonville; in rich farming region; has 
stoneware and sewer-pipe factories, foundry and 
machine shop, flour mill, elevators, wagon sliops, 
creamery, water system, sanitarium, heating, 
electric light and power system, nurseries and 
fruit-supply hou.ses, and two poultry packing 
houses; also has five churches, a graded scliool, 
two banks and three newspapers — one daily. Pop- 
ulation (1890), 1.901; (1900), 2.030. 

WHITEHOUSE, Henry John, Protestant Epis- 
copal Bishop, was born in New York City, August 
19, 1803; graduated from Columbia College in 
1821, and from the (New York) General Theolog- 
ical Seminary in 1824. After ordination lie was 
rector of various parishes in Pennsylvania and 
New York until 1851, when he was chosen Assist- 
ant Bishop of Illinois, succeeding Bishop Chase 
in 1852. In 1867, by invitation of the Archbishop 
of Canterbury, he delivered the opening sermon 
before the Pan-Anglican Conference held in 
England. During this visit he received the 
degree of D.D. from Oxford University, and that 
of LL.D. from Cambridge. His rigid views as a 
churchman and a disciplinarian, were illustrated 
in his prosecution of Rev. Charles Edward 
Cheney, wliich resulted in the formation of tlie 
Reformed Episcopal Church. He was a brilliant 
orator and a trenchant and unyielding controver- 
sialist. Died, in Chicago, August 10, 1874. 

WHITESIDE COUNTY, in the northwestern 
portion of the State bordering on the Mississippi 
River ; created by act of the Legislature passed in 



183G, and named for Capt. Samuel Whiteside, a 
noted Indian fighter ; area, 700 square miles. The 
surface is level, diversified by prairies and wood- 
land, and the soil is extremely fertile. The 
county-seat was first fixed at Lyndon, then at 
Sterling, and finally at Morrison, its present 
location. Tlie Rock River crosses the county 
and furnishes abundant water power for numer- 
ous factories, turning out agricultural imple- 
ments, carriages and wagons, furniture, woolen 
goods, flour and wrapping paper. There are also 
distilling and brewing interests, besides saw and 
planing mills. Corn is the staple agricultural 
product, although all the leading cereals are 
extensively grown. The principal towns are 
Morrison, Sterling, Fulton and Rock Falls. Popu- 
lation (1880), 30,885; (1890), 30,854; (1900), 34.710. 

WHITESIDE, William, pioneer and soldier of 
the Revolution, emigrated from the frontier of 
North Carolina to Kentucky, and thence, in 1793, 
to the present limits of Monroe Count}', 111., 
erecting a fort between Caliokia and Kaskaskia, 
which became widely known as "Whiteside 
Station." He served as a Justice of the Peace, 
and was active in organizing the militia during 
the War of 1812-14, dying at the old Station in 
1815. — John (Whiteside), a brother of the preced- 
ing, and also a Revolutionary soldier, came to 
Illinois at the same time, as also did William B. 
and Samuel, sons of the two brothers, respec- 
tively. All of them became famous as Indian 
fighters. The two latter served as Captains of 
companies of "Rangers'' in the War of 1812, 
Samuel taking part in the battle of Rock Island 
in 1814, and contributing greatly to the success 
of the day. During the Black Hawk War (1832) 
lie attained the rank of Brigadier-General. 
Whiteside County was named in his honor. He 
made one of the earliest improvements in Ridge 
Prairie, a rich section of Madison County, and 
represented that county in the First General 
Assembly. William B. served as Sheriff of Madi- 
son County for a number of years. — John D. 
(Whiteside), another member of this historic 
family, became very prominent, serving in the 
lower House of the Seventh, Eighth, Ninth and 
Fourteenth General Assemblies, and in the Sen- 
ate of the Tenth, from Monroe County; was a 
Presidential Elector in 1836, State Treasurer 
(1837-41) and a member of the State Constitu- 
tional Convention of 1847. General Whiteside, as 
he was known, was the second of James Shields 
in the famous Shields and Lincoln duel (so-called) 
in 1842, and, as such, carried the challenge of the 
former to Mr. Lincoln. (See Duels. ) 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



587 



WHITIXG, Lorenzo D., legislator, was born 
in Wayne Countj', N. Y., Nov. 17, 1819; came to. 
Illinois in 1838, but did not settle there perma- 
nently until 1849, wlien he located in Bureau 
County. He was a Representative from that 
county in the Twenty-sixth (ioneral Assembly 
(1809), and a member of the Senate continuously 
from 1871 to 1887, serving in the latter through 
eight General Assemblies. Died at his home 
near Tiskilwa, Bureau County, 111., Oct. 10, 
1889. 

WHITING, Richard H., Congressman, was 
born at West Hartford, Conn., June 17, 1826, and 
received a common .school education. In 18Gi lie 
was commissioned Paymaster in tlie Volunteer 
Army of tlie Union, and resigned in 18CG. Hav- 
ing removed to Illinois, lie was ajipointed Assist- 
ant Assessor of Internal Revenue for the Fiftli 
Illinois District, in Februarj', 1870, and so contin- 
ued until the abolition of the office in 1873. On 
retiring from the Assessorship he was appointed 
Collector of Internal Revenue, and served until 
March 4, 1875. when he resigned to take his seat 
as Republican Representative in Congress from 
the Peoria District, to which he had been elected 
in November, 1874. After the expiration of his 
term he held no public office, but was a member 
of the Republican National Convention of 1884. 
Died, at the Continental Hotel, in New York 
City, May 24, 1888. 

WHITNEY, James W., pioneer lawyer and 
early teaclier, known by the nickname of "Lord 
Coke"; came to Illinois in Territorial days (be- 
lieved to have been about 1800) ; resided for some 
time at or near Edwardsville, then became a 
teacher at .\tlas. Pike County, and. still later, the 
first Circuit and County Clerk of that county. 
Though nominally a lawyer, he had little if any 
practice. He acquired the title, by which he was 
jiopularly known for a quarter of a century, by 
his custom of visiting the State Capital, during 
the sessions of the General Assembly, when 
he would organize the lobbyists and visit- 
ors about the capital — of which there were an 
unusual number in those days — into what was 
called the '"Third House." Having been regu- 
larly chosen to preside under the name of 
"Speaker of the Lobby," he would deliver a mes- 
sage full of practical hits and jokes, aimed at 
members of the two houses and others, which 
would be received with cheers and laughter. 
The meetings of the "Third House." being held 
in the evening, were attended by many members 
and visitors in lieu of other forms of entertain- 
ment. Mr. Whitney's home, in his latter years. 



was at Pittsiii-ia. He resided for a time at 
Quincy. Died, Dec. i:J, 1800, aged over 80 years. 

WHITTEMORE, Floyd K., State Treasurer, is 
a native of New York, came at an early age, with 
his parents, to Sycamore, 111., where ho was edu- 
cated in the high school there. He purposed 
becoming a lawyer, but, on the election of the 
late James H. Beveridge State Treasurer, in 1864, 
accepted the position of clerk in tlie office. 
Later, he was employed as a clerk in the banking 
Iiouse of Jacob Bonn in Springfield, and, on the 
organization of the State National Bank, was 
chosen cashier of that Institution, retaining the 
position some twenty years. After the appoint- 
ment of Hon. John R. Tanner to the position of 
Assistant Treasurer of the United States, at Chi- 
cago, in 1892, Mr. Wliittemore became cashier in 
that office, and, in 180."), Assistant State Treas- 
rure under tlie administration of State Treasurer 
Henry Wulff. In 1898 he was elected State 
Treasurer, receiving a plurality of 43,450 over 
his Democratic opponent. 

WICKERSHAM, (Col.) Dudley, soldier and 
merchant, was born in Woodford County, Ky., 
Nov. 23, 1819; came to Springfield, 111., in 1843, 
and served as a member of the Fourth Regiment 
Illinois Volunteers (Col. E. D. Baker's) through 
the Mexican War. On the return of peace he 
engaged in the dry-goods trade in Springfield, 
until 1861, wlien he enlisted in the Tenth Regi- 
ment Illinois Cavalry, serving, first as Lieutenant- 
Colonel and then as Colonel, until May, 1804, 
when, his regiment liaving been consolidated 
with the Fifteenth Cavalry, he resigned. After 
the war, he held the office of Assessor of Internal 
Revenue for several years, after which he en- 
gaged in the grocery trade. Died, in Springfield, 
August 8, 1898. 

WIDEN, Raphael, pioneer and early legislator, 
was a native of Sweden, who, having been taken 
to France at eiglit years of age, was educated for 
a CathoUc priest. Coming to tlie United States 
in 1815, he was at Cahokia. 111., in 1818, wliere, 
during the same year, he married into a French 
family of that place. He served in the House of 
Representatives from Randolph County, in the 
Second and Third General Assemblies (1820-24), 
and as Senator in the Fourth and Fifth (1824-28). 
During his last term in the House, he was one of 
tliose who voted against the proslaverj' Con- 
vention resolution. He died of cholera, at Kas- 
kaskia. in 1833. 

WIKE, Scott, lawyer and ex-Congressman, was 
born at Meadville, Pa., April 0, 1834; iit 4 years 
of age removed with his parents to Quincy, 111., 



688 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



and, in 1844, to Pike County. Having graduated 
from Lombard University, Galesburg, in 1857, he 
began reading law with Judge O. C. Skinner of 
Quincy. He was admitted to the bar in 1858, 
but, before commencing practice, spent a year at 
Harvard Law School, graduating there in 1859. 
Immediately thereafter he opened an office at 
Pittsfield, III., and has resided there ever since. 
In politics he has always been a strong Democrat. 
He served two terms in the Legislature (1863-67) 
and, in 1874, was chosen Repi'esentative from his 
District in Congress, being re-elected in 1888 and, 
again, in 1890. In 1893 he was appointed by 
President Cleveland Third Assistant Secretary 
of the Treasury, which position he continued 
to fill until March, 1897, when he resumed the 
practice of law at Pittsfield. Died Jan. 15, 1901 
WILEY, (Col.) Benjamin Ladd, .soldier, was 
born in Smithfield, Jefferson County, Ohio, 
March 25, 1821, came to Illinois in 1845 and began 
life at Vienna, Johnson County, as a teacher. 
In 1846 he enlisted for the Mexican War, as a 
member of the Fifth (Colonel Newby's) Regiment 
Illinois "Volunteers, serving chiefly in New 
Mexico until mustered out in 1848. A year later 
he removed to Jonesboro, where lie spent some 
time at the carpenter's trade, after which he 
became clerk in a store, meanwhile assisting to 
edit "The Jonesboro Gazette" until 1853; then 
became traveling salesman for a St. Louis firm, 
but later engaged in the hardware trade at 
Jonesboro, in which he continued for several 
years. In 1856 he was the Republican candidate 
for Congress for the Ninth District, receiving 
4,000 votes, while Fremont, the Republican can- 
didate for President, received only 825 in the 
same district. In 1857 he opened a real estate 
office in Jonesboro in conjunction with David L. 
Phillips and Col. J. W. Ashley, with which he 
was connected until 1860, when he removed to 
Makanda, Jackson County. In September, 1861. 
he was mustered in as Lieutenant-Colonel of the 
Fifth Illinois Cavalry, later serving in Missouri 
and Arkansas under Generals Steele and Curtiss, 
being, a part of the time, in command of the First 
Brigade of Cavalry, and, in the advance on Vicks- 
burg, having command of the right wing of 
General Grant's cavalry. Being disabled by 
rheumatism at the end of the siege, he tendered 
his resignation, and was immediately appointed 
Enrolling Officer at Cairo, serving in this capac- 
ity until May, 1865, when he was mustered out. 
In 1869 he was appointed by Governor Palmer 
one of the Commissioners to locate the Southern 
Illinois Hospital for the Insane, and served as 



Secretary of the Board until the institution war- 
opened at Anna, in May, 1871. In 1869 he was 
defeated as a candidate for County Judge of 
Jackson County, and, in 1872, for the State Sen- 
ate, by a small majority in a strongly Democratic 
District; in 1876 was the Republican candidate 
for Congress, in the Eighteenth District, against 
William Hartzell, but was defeated by only 
twenty votes, while carrying six out of the ten 
counties comprising the District. In the latter 
years of his life. Colonel Wiley was engaged quite 
extensively in fruit-growing at Makanda, Jack- 
son County, where he died, March 22, 1890. 

WILKIE, Franc Bangs, journalist, was born 
in Saratoga County, N. Y. , July 2, 1830; took a 
partial course at Union College, after which he 
edited iiapers at Schenectady, N. Y., Elgin, 111., 
and Davenport and Dubuque, Iowa ; also serving, 
during a part of the Civil War, as the western 
war correspondent of "The New York Times." 
In 1863 he became an editorial writer on "The 
Chicago Times," remaining with that paper, 
with the exception of a brief inteival, until 1888 
— a part of the time as its European correspond- 
ent. He was the author of a series of sketches 
over the nom de plume of "Poliuto," and of a 
volume of reminiscences under the title. 
"Thirty-five Years of Journalism," published 
shortly before his death, which took place, April 
12, 1892. 

WILKIX, Jacob W., Justice of the Supreme 
Court, was born in Licking County, Ohio, June 
7, 1837 ; removed with his parents to Illinois, at 
12 years of age, and was educated at McKendree 
College ; served three years in the War for the 
Union; studied law with Judge Scholfield and 
was admitted to the bar in 1866. In 1872, he was 
chosen Presidential Elector on the Republican 
ticket, and, in 1879, elected Judge of the Circuit 
Court and reelected in 1885 — the latter year 
being assigned to the Appellate bench for the 
Fourth District, where he remained until his 
election to the Supreme bench in 1888, being 
re-elected to the latter office in 1897. His home 
is at Danville. 

WILKINSON, Ira 0., lawyer and Judge, was 
born in Virginia in 1822, and accompanied his 
father to Jacksonville (1835), where he was edu- 
cated. During a short service as Deputy Clerk of 
Morgan County, he conceived a fondness for the 
profession of the law. and, after a course of study 
under Judge William Thomas, was admitted to 
practice in 1847. Richard Yates (afterwards Gov- 
ernor and Senator) was his first partner. In 1845 
he removed to Rock Island, and, six years later, 



HISTOraCAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



589 



was elected a Circuit Judge, being again closen 
to the same position in 1861. At the expiration 
of his second term lie removed to Chicago. 
Died, at Jacksonville, August 24, 1894. 

WILKINSON, John P., early merchant, was 
boi-n, Dec. 14, 1790, in New Kent County, Va., 
emigrated first to Kentucky, and, in 1828, settled 
in Jacksonville, 111., where he engaged in mer- 
cantile business. Mr. Wilkinson was a liberal 
friend of Illinois College and Jacksonville Female 
Academy, of eacli of which he was a Trustee 
from their origin until his death, which occurred, 
during a business visit to St. Louis, in December, 
1841. 

WILL, Conrad, pioneer ph3'.sician and early 
legislator, was born in Philadelphia, June 4, 1778; 
about 1804 removed to Somerset County Pa., and, 
in 1813, to Kaskaskia, 111. He was a physician 
by profession, l«it having leased the saline lands 
on the Big Muddy, in the vicinity of what after- 
wards became the town of Brownsville, he 
engaged in the manufacture of salt, removing 
thither in 1815, and becoming one of the founders 
of Brownsville, afterwards the first county-seat 
of Jackson County. On the organization of 
Jackson County, in 181C, he became a member of 
the first Board of County Commissioners, and, in 
1818, served as Delegate from that count}' in the 
Convention which framed the first State Consti- 
tution. Thereafter he served continuously as a 
member of the Legislature from 1818 to "34 — first 
jis Senator in the First General Assembly, then 
as Representative in the Second, Third, Fourth 
and Fifth, and again as Senator in the Sixth, 
Seventh, Eighth and Ninth — his career being 
conspicuous for long service. He died in office, 
June 11, 1834. Dr. Will was short of stature, 
flesh}', of jovial disposition and fond of playing 
practical jokes upon his associates, but very 
popular, as shown by his succes-sive elections to 
the Legislature. He has been called "The Father 
of Jackson County." Will County, organized by 
act of the Legislature two years after his death, 
was named in his honor. 

WILL COUNTY, a northeastern county, em- 
bracing S.'JO square miles, named in honor of Dr. 
Conrad Will, an early politician and legislator. 
E;irly e.xplorations of the territory were made 
in 1829, when white settlers were few. The blulT 
west of Joliet is s;iid to have been first occupied 
by David anil Benjamin Maggard. Joseph 
Smith, the Mormon "apostle," expounded his 
peculiar doctrines at "the Point" in 1831. Sev- 
eral of the early settlers fled from the country 
during (or after) a raid by the Sac Indians. 



There is a legend, seemingly well supported, to 
the effect that the first lumber, sawed to build 
the first frame house in Chicago (that of P. F. W. 
Peck), was sawed at Plainfield. Will County, 
originally a part of Cook, was separately erected 
in 1836, Joliet being made the county-seat. 
Agriculture, quarrying and manufacturing are 
the chief industries. Joliet, Lockport and Wil- 
mington are the principal towns. Population 
(1880), .53,422; (1890), 62,007; (1900), 74,764. 

WILLARD, Frances Elizabeth, teacher and 
reformer, was born at Churcliville, N. Y., Sept. 
28, 1839, graduated from the Northwestern 
Female College at Evanston, 111., in 18o9, and, in 
1862, accepted the Professorship of Natural 
Sciences in that institution. Duiing 1866-67 she 
was the Principal of the Genessee Wesleyan 
Seminary. The next two years she devoted to 
travel and study abroad, meanwhile contribut- 
ing to various perioilicals. From 1871 to 1874 she 
was Professor of ^Esthetics in the Northwestern 
University and dean of the Woman's College. 
She was always an entlmsiastic champion of 
temperance, and, in 1874, abandoned her profes- 
sion to identify her.self with the Woman's Chris- 
tian Temperance Union. For five years she was 
Corresponding Secretary of the national body, 
and, from 1879, its President. While Secretary 
she organized the Home Protective Association, 
and prepared a petition to the Illinois Legislature, 
to which nearly 200,000 names were attached, 
asking for the granting to women of the right to 
vote on the license question. In 1878 she suc- 
ceeded her brother, Oliver A. Willard (who had 
died), as editor of "The Chicago Evening Post," 
but, a few months later, withdrew, and, in 1882, 
was elected as a member of the executive com- 
mittee of the National Prohibition party. In 
1886 she became leader of the White Cross Move- 
ment for the protection of women, and succeeded 
in securing favorable legislation, in this 'direc- 
tion, in twelve States. In 1883 she founded the 
World's Christian Temperance Union, and, in 
1888, was chosen its President, as also President 
of the International Council of Women. The 
latter years of her life were spent chiefly abroad, 
much of the time as the guest and co-worker of 
Lady Henrj' Somerset, of England, during wliich 
she devoted my,ch attention to investigating the 
condition of women in the Orient. Miss Willard 
was a proUfic and highly valued contributor to 
the magazines, and (besides numerous pamphlets) 
pubhshed several volumes, including "Nineteen 
Beautiful Years" (a tribute to her sister); 
"Woman in Temperance"; "How to Win," and 



690 



HISTORICAL EXCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



"Woman in the Pulpit." Died, in Xew York, 
Feb. 18, 1898. 

WILLARD, Samuel, A.M., M.D., LL.D., phy- 
sician and educator, was Vjoin iu Lunenberg, 
Vt., Dec. 30, 1821— the lineal descendant of Maj. 
Simon Willard, one of the founders of Concord, 
Mass., and prominent in "King Philip's "War," 
and of his son, Rev. Dr. Samuel WiUard, of the 
Old South Church, Boston, and seventh President 
of Harvard College. The subject of this sketcli 
was taken in his infancy to Boston, and. in 1831, 
to CarroUton, 111., where his father pursued the 
avocation of a druggist. After a preparatory 
course at Shurtleff College, Upper Alton, in 1836 
he entered the freshman class in Illinois College 
at Jacksonville, but withdrew the following year, 
re-entering college in 1840 and graduating in the 
class of 1843, as a classmate of Dr. Newton Bate- 
man, afterwards State Superintendent of Public 
Instruction and President of Knox College, and 
Rev. Thomas K. Beecher, now of Elmira, N. Y. 
The next year he spent as Tutor in Illinois Col- 
lege, when he began the study of medicine at 
Quincy, graduating from the Medical Department 
of Illinois College in 1848. During a part of the 
latter year he edited a Free-Soil campaign paper 
("The Tribune") at Quincy, and, later, "The 
Western Temperance Magazine" at the same 
place. In 1849 he began the practice of his pro- 
fession at St. Louis, but the next year removed 
to Collinsville, 111. , remaining until 1857, when he 
took charge of the Department of Languages in 
the newly organized State Normal University at 
NormaL The second year of the Civil War (1862) 
he enlisted as a private in the Ninety-seventh 
Illinois Volunteer Infantry, but was soon after 
commissioned as Surgeon with the rank of Major, 
participating in the campaigns in Tennessee and 
in the first attack upon Vicksburg. Being dis- 
abled by an attack of paralj'sis, in February, 1863, 
he was compelled to resign, when he had sufKci- 
ently recovered accepting a position in the office 
of Provost Marshal General Oakes, at Spring- 
field, where he remained until the close of the 
war. He then became Grand Secretary of the 
Independent Order of Odd-Fellows for the State 
of Illinois — a position which he had held from 
1856 to 1862 — remaining under his second appoint- 
ment from 1865 to '69. The next year he served 
as Superintendent of Schools at Springfield, 
meanwhile assisting in founding the Springfield 
public library, and serving as its first librarian. 
In 1870 he accepted the professorship of History 
in the West Side High School of Chicago, 
which, with the exception of two years (1884-86), 



he continued to occupy for more than twenty- 
five years, retiring in 1898. In the meantime. 
Dr. Willard has been a laborious literary worker, 
having been, for a considerable period, editor, or 
assi.stant-editor, of "The Illinois Teacher," a con- 
tributor to "The Century Magazine" and "The 
Dial" of Chicago, besides having published a 
"Digest of the Laws of Odd Fellowship" in six- 
teen volumes, begun while he was Grand Secre- 
tary of the Order in 1864, and continued in 1872 
and '82; a "Synopsis of History and Historical 
Cliart," covering the period from B. C. 800 
to A. D. 1876 — of which he has had a second 
edition in course of preparation. Of late years 
he has been engaged upon a "Historical Diction- 
ary of Names and Places," which will include 
some 12,000 topics, and which promises to be the 
most important work of his life. Previous to the 
war he was an avowed Abolitionist and operator 
on the "Underground Railroad," who made no 
concealment of his opinions, and, on one or two 
occasions, was called to answer for them in 
jjrosecutions under the "Fugitive Slave Act." 
(See "Underground Railroad.") His friend 
and classmate, the late Dr. Bateman, says of 
him; "Dr. Willard is a sound thinker; a clear 
and forcible writer; of broad and accurate 
scholarship; conscientious, genial and kindly, 
and a most estimable gentleman." 

WILLIAMS, Archibald, lawyer and jiirist, 
was born in Montgomery County, Ky., June 10, 
1801 ; with moderate advantages but natural 
fondness for study, he chose the profession of 
law, and was admitted to the bar in Tennessee 
in 1828, coming to Quincy, IU., the following 
j-ear. He was elected to the General Assembly 
three times — serving in the Senate in 1832-36, and 
in the House, 1836-40; was United States District 
Attorney for the Southern District of Illinois, by 
appointment of President Taylor, 1849-53; was 
twice the candidate of his party (the Whig) for 
United States Senator, and appointed by Presi- 
dent Lincoln, in 1861, L'nited States District 
Judge for the State of Kansas. His abilities and 
high character were widely recognized. Died, 
in Quincy, Sept. 21, 1863 — His son, John H., an 
attorney at Quincy, served as Judge of the Cir- 
cuit Court 1879-85. — Another son, Abraham Lin- 
coln, was twice elected Attorney-General of 
Kansas. 

WILLIAMS, Erastus Smith, lawyer and ju- 
rist, was born at Salem, N. Y., May 22, 1821. In 
1842 he removed to Chicago, where, after reading 
law, he was admitted to the bar in 1844. In 1854 
he was appointed Master in Chancery, which 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



591 



office he filled until 1863, when he was elected a 
Judge of the Circuit Court of Cook County. 
After re-election in 18T0 he l)ecanie Chief Justice, 
and, at the same time, heard most of the cases on 
the ei|uity side of the court. In 1879 he was a 
candidate for re-election as a Republican, but 
was defeated vrith the party ticket. After his 
retirement from the bench he resumed private 
practice. Died, Fel). 24, 1881. 

WILLI.VMS, James K., Congre-S-sman. was 
born in White County, 111., Dec. 2T, 18,50, at the 
age of 2^> graduated from the Indiana State Uni- 
versit}-, at Bloomington, and, in 1876, from the 
Union College of Law, Chicago, since then being 
an active and successful practitioner at Carmi. 
In 1880 he was apjwinted Master in Chancery and 
served two years. From 1883 to 188G he was 
County Judge. In 1892 he was a nominee on 
the Democratic ticket for Presidential Elector. 
He was elected to represent the Nineteenth Illi- 
nois District in tlie Fifty-first Congress at a 
special election held to fill the vacancy occasioned 
by the death of R, W. Townshend, was re-elected 
in 1890 and 1892, but defeated by Orlando Burrell 
(Republican) for re-election in the newly organ- 
ized Twentieth District in 1894. In 1898 lie was 
again a candidate and elected to the Fifty sixth 
Congress. 

WILLI.VMS, John, pioneer merclxant, was 
born in Bath County, Ky., Sept. 11, 1808; be- 
tween 14 and 10 years of age was clerk in a store 
in his native State; then, joining his parents, 
who had settled on a tract of land in a part of 
Sangivmon (now Menard) County, 111., he found 
employment as clerk in the store of Major Elijah 
lies, at Springfield, whom he succeeded in busi- 
ness at the age of 22, continuing it without inter- 
ruption until 1880. In 18.56 Mr. Williams was 
the Republican candidate for Congress in the 
Springfield District, and, in 1861, was appointed 
Commissary-General for the State, rendering 
valuable service in furnishing supplies for State 
troops, in camps of instruction and while proceed- 
ing to the field, in the first years of the war;Avas 
also cliief officer of the Illinois Sanitary Commis- 
sion for two years, and, as one of the intimate 
personal friends of Mr. Lincoln, was cho.sen to 
accompany the remains of tlie martyred President, 
from Washington to Springfield, for burial. 
Liberal, enterprising and public-spirited, his name 
was associated with nearly every public enter- 
prise of imiKirtance in Springfield during his 
business career — Ijeing one of the founders, and, 
for eleven years Pre.sident, of the First National 
Bank; a chief promoter in the construction of 



what is now the Springfield Division of the Illi- 
nois Central Railroad, and the Springfield and 
Peoria line; a Director of the Springfield Iron 
Company; one of tlie Commissioners who con- 
structed the Springfield water-works, and an 
officer of the Lincoln Monument Association, 
from 18G.5 to his death. May 29, 1890. 

WILLI.VMS, Norman, lawyer, wius born at 
Woodstock, Vt., Feb. 1, 1833, being related, on 
both the paternal and maternal sides, to some of 
the most prominent families of New England. 
He fitted for college at Union Academy, Meriden, 
and graduated from the University of Vermont 
in the class of 185.1 After taking a course in 
the Albany Law School and with a law firm in 
his native town, he was admitted to practice in 
both New York and Vermont, removed to Chi- 
cago in 1858, and, in 1860, became a member of 
the firm of King, Kales & Williams, still later 
forming a partnership witli Gen. John L. Thomp- 
son, which ended with the deiith of the latter in 
1888. In a professional capacity he assisted in 
the organization of the Pullman Palace Car Com- 
pany, and was a member of its Board of Directors; 
also assisted in organizing the Western Electric 
Company, and was prominently identified with 
the Cliicago Telephone Company and the Western 
Union Telegraph Company. In 1881 lie served as 
the United States Commissioner to the Electrical 
Exposition at Paris. In conjunction with his 
brotlier (Edward U. Williams) he assisted in 
founding the public library at Woodstock, Vt., 
which, in honor of his father, received the name 
of "The Norman Williams Public Library."' 
With Col. Huntington W. Jackson and J. Mc- 
Gregor Adams, Mr. Williams was named, in the 
will of the late Jolin Crerar, as an executor of tlie 
Crerar estate and one of the Trustees of the 
Crerar Public Library, and became its first Presi- 
dent; was also a Director of the Chicago Pub- 
lic Library, and trustee of a number of large 
estates. Mr. W^illiams was a son-in-law of the 
late Judge John D. Caton, and his oldest daughter 
became the wife of Major-General Wesley Mer- 
ritt, a few months before his death, which oc- 
curred at Hampton Beach, N. H., June 19, 1899 
— his remains being interred in his native town 
of Woodstock, Vt. 

WILLI.4MS, Robert Ebenezer, lawyer, born 
Dec. 3, 1825, at Clarksville, Pa., Ids grandfathers 
on both sides being soldiers of the Revolutionary 
War. In 1830 his parents removed to Washing- 
ton in the same State, where in boyhood h« 
worked as a mechanic in his father's shop, 
attending a common school in the w inter until 



b9'Z 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



he reached the age of 17 years, when he entered 
Washington College, remaining for more than a 
year. He then began teaching, and, in 1845 
went to Kentucky, where he pursued the business 
of a teacher for four years. Then he entered 
Bethany College in West Virginia, at the same 
time prosecuting liis law studies, but left at the 
close of his junior year, when, having been 
licensed to practice, he removed to Clinton, 
Texas. Here he accepted, from a retired lawyer, 
the loan of a law library, which he afterwards 
purchased ; served for two years as State's Attor- 
ney, and, in 1836, came to Bloomington, 111., 
where he spent the remainder of his life in the 
practice of his profession. Much of his time was 
devoted to practice as a railroad attorney, espe- 
cially in connection with the Chicago & Alton and 
the Illinois Central Railroads, in which he 
acquired prominence and wealth. He was a Ufe- 
long Democrat and, in 1808, was the unsuccessful 
candidate of his party for Attorney-General of 
the State. The last three years of his life he had 
been in bad health, dying at Bloomington, Feb. 
15, 1899. 

WILLIAMS, Samuel, Bank President, was born 
in Adams County, Ohio, July 11, 1830; came to 
Winnebago County, 111., in 1835, and, in 1843, 
removed to Iroquois County, where he held vari- 
ous local offices, including that of County Judge, 
to which he was elected in 1861. During his 
later years he had been President of the Watseka 
Citizens' Bank. Died, June 16, 1896. 

WILLIAMSOX, Rollin Samuel, legislator and 
jurist, was born at Cornwall, Vt., May 23, 1839. 
At the age of 14 he went to Boston, where he 
began life as a telegi-aph messenger boy. In 
two years he had become a skillful operator, and, 
as such, was employed in various offices in New 
England and New York. In 1857 he came to 
Chicago seeking employment and, through the 
fortunate correction of an error on the part of 
the receiver of a message, secvired the position of 
operator , and station agent at Palatine, Cook' 
County. Here he read law during his leisure 
time without a preceptor, and, in 1870, was 
■ admitted to the bar. The same year he was 
elected to the lower House of the General 
Assembly and, in 1873, to the Senate. In 1880 he 
was elected to the bench of the Superior Court of 
Cook County, and, in 1887, was chosen a Judge 
of the Cook County Circuit Court. Died, Au- 
gust 10, 1889. 

'WILLIAMSON COUNTY, in the southern part 
of the State, originally set off from Franklin and 
organized in 1839. The county is well watered. 



the principal streams being the Big Muddy and 
the South Fork of the Saline. The surface is 
undulating and the soil fertile. The region was 
originally well covered with forests, AU the 
cereals (as well as potatoes) are cultivated, and 
rich meadows encourage stock-raising. Coal and 
sandstone underlie the entire county. Area, 440 
square miles; population (1880), 19,324: (1890) 
23,336; (1900), 27,796. 

WILLI.VMSTILLE, village of Sangamon Coun- 
ty, on Chicago & Alton Railroad, 12 miles north 
of Springfield ; has a bank, elevator, 3 churches, 
a newspaper and coal-mines. Pop. (1900), 573. 

WILLIS, Jonathan Clay, soldier and former 
Railroad and Warehouse Commissioner, was born 
in Sumner County, Tenn., June 27, 1826; brought 
to Gallatin County, 111., in 1834, and settled at 
Golconda in 1843; was elected Sheriff of Pope 
County in 1856, removed to Metropolis in 1859, 
and engaged in the wharf-boat and commission 
business. He entered the service as Quarter- 
master of the Forty-eighth Illinois Volunteers in 
1861, but was compelled to resign on account of 
injuries, in 1863 ; was elected Representative i" 
the Twenty-sixth General Assembly (1868), 
appointed Collector of Internal Revenue in 1869, 
and Railway and Warehouse Commissioner in 
1893, as tlie successor of John R. Tanner, serving 
until 1893. 

WILMF.TTE, a village in Cook County, 14 miles 
north of Chicago, on the Chicago & Northwestern 
Railroad, a handsome suburb of Chicago on the 
shore of Lake Michigan; principal streets paved 
and shaded with fine forest trees; has public 
library and good schools. Pop. (1900). 2,300. 

WILMINGTON, a city of Will County, on the 
Kankakee River and the Chicago & Alton Rail- 
road, 53 miles from Chicago and 15 south-.south- 
west of Joliet; has considerable manufactures, 
two National banks, a graded school, churches 
and one newspaper. Wilmington is the location 
of the Illinois Soldiers' Widows' Home. Popu- 
lation (1890), 1,576; (1900), 1,420. 

WILSON, Charles Lush, journalist, was born 
in Fairfield County, Conn., Oct. 10, 1818, edu- 
cated in the common schools and at an academy 
in his native State, and, in 1835, removed to Chi- 
cago, entering the employment of his older 
brothers, who were connected with the construc- 
tion of the Illinois & Michigan Canal at Joliet. 
His brother, Richard L., having assumed charge 
of "The Chicago Daily Journal" (the successor 
of "The Chicago American"), in;i844, Charles L. 
took a position in the office, ultimately securing 
a partnership, which continued until the death 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



593 



of his brother in 1856, when he succeeded to the 
ownership of the paper. 5Ir. Wilson was an 
ardent friend and siipjwrter of Aliraliani Lincoln 
for the United States Senate in 1858, but, in ISGO, 
favored tlie nomination of Mr. Seward for the 
Presidency, thougli earnestlj' supporting Mr. Lin- 
coln after his nomination. In 1861 he was 
appointed Secretarj- of tlie American Legation at 
London, serving with the late Minister Charles 
Francis Adams, until 1864, wlien he resigned and 
resumed his connection with "The Journal." In 
1875 his health began to fail, and three years 
later, having gone to San Antonio, Tex., in the 
hope of receiving benefit from a change of cli- 
mate, he died in that city, March 9, 18T8. — 
Kichard Lush (Wilson), an older brother of the 
preceding, the first editor and publisher of "The 
Chicago Evening Journal," the oldest paper of 
consecutive publication in Chicago, was a native 
of New York. Coming to Chicago with his 
bi-other Jolm L., in 1834, they soon after estab- 
lished themselves in business on the Illinois & 
Michigan Canal, then in course of construction. 
In 1844 he took charge of "The Chicago Daily 
Journal" for a publishing committee which had 
purchased the material of "The Chicago Ameri- 
can," but soon after became principal proprietor. 
In April, 1847, while firing a sjilute in honor of 
the victory of Buena Vista, he lost an arm and 
was otherwise injured by the explosion of the can- 
non. Early in 1849, he was appointed, by Presi- 
dent Taylor, Postmaster of the city of Chicago, 
but, having failed of confirmation, was compelled 
to retire in favor of a successor appointed by 
Millard Fillmore, eleven months later. Mr. 
Wilson published a little volume in 1842 entitled 
"A Trip to Santa Fe," and, a few years later, 
a story of travel under the title, "Short Ravel- 
lings from a Long Yarn." Died, December, 18.56. 
— John Lush (Wilson), another brother, also a 
native of New York, came to Illinois in 1834, was 
afterwards associated with his brothers in busi- 
ness, being for a time business manager of "The 
Chicago Journal;" also served one term as Sher- 
iff of Cook County. Died, in Chicago, April 13, 
1888. 

WILSON, Isaac Grant, jurist, was born at 
Middlebury, N. Y., April 26. 1817, graduated 
from Brown University in 1838, and the same 
year came to Chicago, whither his father's 
famih- had preceded him in 1835. After reading 
law for two years, he entered the senior class at 
Cambridge (Mass.) Law School, graduating in 
1841. In August of that year he opened an 
ofiSce at Elgin, and, for ten years "rode the cir- 



cuit." In 1851 he was elected to the bench of 
the Tliirteenth Judicial Circuit to fill a vacancy, 
and reelected for a full term in 1855, and again 
in "61, In November of the latter year he was 
commissioned the first Colonel of the Fifty- 
second Illinois Volunteer Infantry, but resigned, 
a few weeks later, and resumed his place upon 
the bench. From 1867 to 1879 he devoted him- 
self to private practice, which was largely in 
the Federal Courts. In 1879 he resumed liis seat 
upon the bench (this time for the Twelfth Cir- 
cuit), and was at once designated as one of the 
Judges of the Appellate Court at Chicago, of 
which tribunal he became Chief Justice in 1881. 
In 1885 he was re-elected Circuit Judge, but died, 
about the close of his term, at Geneva, June 8, 
1891. 

WILSON, James Grant, soldier and author, 
was born at Edinburgh, Scotland, April 28, 1832, 
and, when only a year old, was brought by his 
father, William Wilson, to America. The family 
settled at Poughkeepsie, N. Y., where James 
Grant was educated at College Hill and imder 
private teachers. After finishing his studies he 
became his father's partner in business, but, in 
1855, went abroad, and, shortly after his return, 
removed to Chicago, Avhere he founded the first 
literary paper established in the Northwest. At 
the outbreak of the Civil War, he disposed of his 
journal to enlist in the Fifteenth Illinois Cavalry, 
of which he was commissioned Major and after- 
wards promoted to tlie colonelcy. In August, 
1863, while at New Orleans, bj' advice of General 
Grant, he accepted a commission as Colonel of 
the Fourth Regiment United States Colored 
Cavalry, and was assigned, as Aid-de-camp, to 
the staff of the Commander of the Department of 
the Gulf, filling this po.st until April, 1865. 
When General Banks was relieved. Colonel Wil- 
son was brevetted Brigadier-General and placed 
in command at Port Hudson, resigning in July, 
1865, since which time his home has been in New 
York. He is best known as an autlior, having 
published numerous addresses, and being a fre- 
quent contributor to American and European 
magazines. Among larger works which he has 
written or edited are "Biographical Sketches of 
Illinois Officers"; "Love in Letters"; "Life of 
General U. S. Grant"; "Life and Letters of 
Fitz Greene Halleck"; "Poets and Poetry of 
Scotland"; "Bryant and Ilis Friends", and 
"Appleton's Cyclopedia of American Biography. " 

WILSON, James Harrison, soldier and mili- 
tary engineer, was born near Shawneetown, 111., 
Sept. 2, 1837. His grandfather, Alexander Wil- 



594 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



son, was one of the pioneers of Illinois, and 
his father (Harrison Wilson) was an ensign (lur- 
ing the War of 1812 and a Captain in the Black 
Hawk War. His brotlier (Bluford Wilson) 
served as Assistant Adjutant-General of Volun- 
teers during the Civil War, and as Solicitor of the 
United States Treasury during the "whisky ring" 
prosecutions. James H. was educated in the 
common schools, at McKendree College, and 
the United States Military Academy at West 
Point, graduating from the latter in 1860, and 
being assigned to the Topographical Engineer 
Corps. In September, 1861, he was promoted to 
a First Lieutenancy, then served as Chief Topo- 
graphical Engineer of the Port Royal expedition 
until March, 1863; was afterwards attached to 
the Department of the South, being present at 
the bombardment of Fort Pulaski; was Aid-de- 
camp to McClellan, and participated in the bat- 
tles of South Mountain and Antietam; was made 
Lieutenant-Colonel of Volunteers in November, 
1862; was Chief Topographical Engineer and 
Inspector-General of the Army of the Tennessee 
until October, 1863, being actively engaged in 
the operations around Vicksburg; was made 
Captain of Engineers in May, 1863, and Brigadier- 
General of Volunteers, Oct. 31, following. He 
also conducted operations preliminary to the 
battle of Chattanooga and Missionary Ridge, and 
for the relief of Knoxville. Later, he was placed 
in command of the Third Division of the cavalry 
corps of the Army of the Potomac, serving from 
May to August, 1864, under General Sheridan. 
Subsequently he was transferred to the Depart- 
ment of the Mississippi, where he so distinguished 
himself that, on April 20, 1865, he was made 
Major-General of Volunteers. In twenty-eight 
days he captured five fortified cities, twenty- 
three stands of colors, 288 guns and 6,820 prison- 
ers — among the latter being Jefferson Davis. He 
was mustered out of the volunteer service in 
January, 1866, and, on July 28, following, was 
commissioned Lieutenant-Colonel of the Thirty- 
fifth United States Infantry, being also brevetted 
Major-General in the regular army. On Dec. 31, 
1870, he returned to civil life, and was afterwards 
largely engaged in railroad and engineering oper- 
ations, especially in West Virginia. Promptly 
after the declaration of war with Spain (1898) 
General Wilson was appointed, by the President, 
Major-General of Volunteers, serving until its 
close. He is the author of "China: Travels and 
Investigations in the Middle Kingdom" ; "Life of 
Andrew J. Alexander"; and the "Life of Gen. 
U. S. Grant," in conjunction with Charles A. 



Dana. His home, in recent years, has been in 
New York. 

WILSON, John M., lawyer and jurist, was 
born in New Hampshire in 1802, graduated at 
Bowdoin College in lS2-i — the classmate of Frank- 
lin Pierce and Nathaniel Hawthorne; studied law 
in New Hampshire and came to Illinois in 1835, 
locating at Joliet; removed to Chicago in 1841, 
where he was the partner of Norman B. Judd, 
serving, at different periods, as attorney of the 
Chicago & Rock Island, the Lake Shore & Michi- 
gan Southern and the Chicago & Northwestern 
Railways; was Judge of the Court of Common 
Pleas of Cook County, 1853-59, when he became 
Presiding Judge of the Superior Court of Chicago, 
serving until 1868. Died, Dec. 7, 1883. 

WILSON, John P., lawyer, was born in White- 
side County, 111., July 3, 1844; educated in the 
common schools and at Knox College, Galesburg, 
graduating from the latter in 1865; two years 
later was admitted to the bar in Chicago, and 
speedily attained prominence in his profession. 
During the World's Fair period he was retained 
as counsel by the Committee on Grounds and 
Buildings, and was prominently connected, as 
counsel for the city, with the Lake Front litiga- 
tion. 

WILSON, Robert L., early legislator, was born 
in Washington County, Pa., Sept. 11, 1805, taken 
to Zanesville, Ohio, in 1810, graduated at Frank- 
lin College in 1831, studied law and, in 1833, 
removed to Athens (now in Menard Count}'), 111. ; 
was elected Representative in 1836, and was one 
of the members from Sangamon County, known 
as the "Long Nine," who assisted in securing the 
removal of the State Capital to Springfield. Mr. 
Wilson removed to Sterling, Whiteside County, 
in 1840, was elected five times Circuit Clerk and 
served eight years as Probate Judge. Immedi- 
ately after the fall of Fort Sumter, he enlisted as 
private in a battalion in Washington City under 
command of Cassius M. Cla}', for guard duty 
until the arrival of the Seventh New York Regi- 
ment. He subsequently assisted in raising 
troops in Illinois, was appointed Paymaster by 
Lincoln, serving at Washington, St. Louis, and, 
after the fall of Vicksburg, at Springfield — being 
mustered out in November, 1865. Died, in White- 
side County, 1880. 

WILSON, Robert S., lawyer and jurist, was 
born at Montrose, Susquehanna County, Pa. , Nov. 
6, 1812; learned the printer's art, then studied 
law and was admitted to the bar in Allegheny 
County, about 1833; in 1836 removed to Ann 
Arbor, Mich., where he served as Probate Judge 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



5f)5 



and State Senator ; in 1850 came to Cliicago, was 
elected Judge of the Recorder's Court in 1853, 
and re-elected in 1858, serving ten years, and 
{proving "a terror to evil-doers." Died, at Law- 
rence. Mich., Dec. 23, 1883. 

WILSOX, William, eaily jurist, was born in 
Loudoun County, Va., April 27, 1794; studied law 
with Hon. John Cook, a distinguished lawyer, 
and minister to France in the early part of the 
century; in 1817 removed to Kentucky, soon after 
came to Illinois, two years later locating in White 
County, near Carmi, wliich continued to be his 
home during the remainder of liis life. In 1819 
he was appointed Associate Justice of the 
Supreme Court as successor to William P. 
Foster, who is described bj' Governor Ford as 
"a grejit rascal and no lawyer," and who held 
office onlj' about nine montlis. Judge Wilson 
was re-elected to the Supreme bencli, as Chief- 
Justice, in 1S25, being then only a little over 30 
years old, and held office until the reorganization 
of the Supreme Court under the Constitution of 
1848 — a period of over twenty-nine years, and, 
•with the exception of Judge Browne's, the long- 
est term of service in the history of the court. 
He died at his home in White County, April 29, 
1857. A Whig in early life, he allied himself 
with the Democratic party on the dissolution of 
the former. Hon. James C. Conkling, of Spring- 
field, says of him, "as a writer, his style was clear 
and distinct; as a lawyer, his judgment was 
sound anil discriminating." 

WINCHESTER, a city and county-seat of Scott 
County, founded in 1839, situated on Rig Sandy 
Creek and on the line of the Chicago. Burlington 
& Quincy Railroad, 29 miles south of Beardstown 
and 84 miles north by west of St. Louis. While 
the surrounding region is agricultural and largely 
devoted to wheat growing, there is some coal 
mining. Winchester is an important shipping- 
point, having tliree grain elevators, two (louring 
mills, and a coal mine employing fifty miners. 
There are four Protestant and one Catliolic 
church, a court house, a higli school, a graded 
school building, two banks and two weekly new.s- 
papers. Population (1880), 1,026; (1890), 1,542; 
(1900). 1.711. 

WIN nsOR, a city of Shelby County at the cross- 
ing of the Cleveland. Cincinnati. Chicago & St. 
Louis and the Wabash Railways. 11 miles north- 
east of Shelby ville. Population (1880), 768; 
a890), 888; (1900), 860. 

WINES, Frederick Howard, clergyman and 
sociologist, was lx)rn in Pliiladelphia. Pa., April 
9, 1838, graduated at Washington (Pa.) College 



in 1857, and, after serving as tutor there for a 
short time, entered Princeton Theological Semi- 
nary, but was compelled temporarily to discon- 
tinue his studies on account of a weakness of 
the eyes. The Presbytery of St. Louis licensed 
him to preacli in 1860, and. in 1S62, lie was com- 
missioned Hospital Chaplain in the Union armj'. 
During 1862-64 he was stationed at Springfield, 
Mo., participating in the battle of Springfield on 
Jan. 8, 1863, and being personally mentioned for 
braver3- on the field in the official report. Re- 
entering the seminary at Princeton in 1864, he 
graduated in 1865, and at once accepted a call to 
the pulpit of the First Presbyterian Churcli of 
Springfield, 111., which he filled for four years. 
In 1869 he was appointed Secretary of the newly 
created Board of Commissioners of Public Chari- 
ties of Illinois, in which capacity he continued 
until 1893, when he resigned. For the next four 
years he was chiefly engaged in literary work, in 
lecturing before universities on topics connected 
with social science, in aiding in the organization 
of charitable work, and in the conduct of a 
thorough investigation into the relations between 
liquor legislation and crime. At an early period 
lie took a prominent part in organizing the 
various Boards of Public Charities of the United 
States into an organization known as the National 
Conference of Charities and Corrections, and, at 
the Louisville meeting (1883), was elected its 
President. At the International Penitentiary 
Congress at Stockholm (1878) he was the official 
delegate from Illinois. On his return, as a result 
of his ob.servations while abroad, he submitted 
to the Legislature a report strongly ailvocating 
the construction of the Kankakee Hospital for 
the Insane, then about to be built, upon tlie 
"detached ward" or "village" plan, a departure 
from then existing methods, which marks an era 
in the treatment of insane in the United States. 
Mr. Wines conducted the investigation into the 
condition and number of the defective, depend- 
ent and deliiuiuent classes throughout the coun- 
try, his report constituting a separate volume 
under the "Tenth Census," and rendered a simi- 
lar service in connection with the eleventh 
census (1890). In 1887 he was elected Secretary 
of the National Prison Association, succeeding to 
the post formerly held by his father, Enoch Cobb 
Wines. D.D., LL.D. After the inauguration of 
Governor Tanner in 1897, he resumed liis former 
iwsition of Secretary of the Board of Public 
Charities, remaining until 1899. when he again 
tendered his resignation, having received the 
appointment to the position of Assistant Director 



596 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



of the Twelfth Census, which he now holds. He 
is the author of "Crime and Reformation"" (1895) ; 
of a voluminous series of reports ; also of numer- 
oun pamphlets and brochures, among which may 
be mentioned "The County Jail Sj-stem; An 
Argument for its Abolition" (1878) ; "The Kanka- 
kee Hospital" (1882); "Provision for the Insane 
in the United States" (1885); "Conditional 
Liberation, or the Paroling of Prisoners" (1886), 
and "American Prisons in tlie Tenth Census" 
(1888). 

"WINES, "Walter B., lawyer (brother of Freder- 
ick H. "Wines), was born in Boston. Ma.ss. , Oct. 
10, 1848, received his primary education at "Willis- 
ton Academy, East Haninton, Mass., after which 
he entered Middlebury College, "Vt., taking a 
classical course and graduating there. He after- 
wards became a student in the law department 
of Columbia College, N. Y. , graduating in 1871, 
being admitted to the bar the same year and 
commencing practice in New York City. In 1879 
he came to Springfield, 111., and was, for a time, 
identified with the bar of that city. Later, he 
removed to Chicago, wliere he has been engaged 
in literary and journalistic work. 

WIXNEBAGO COUKTY, situated in the 
"northern tier," bordering on the "Wisconsin 
State line; was organized, under an act pas.sed in 
1836, from La Salle and Jo Daviess Counties, and 
has an area of 552 square miles. The county is 
drained by the Rock and Pecatonica Rivers. 
The surface is rolling prairie and the soil fertile. 
The geology is simple, the quaternary deposits 
being underlaid by the Galena blue and buff 
limestone, adapted for building purposes. All 
the cereals are raised in abundance, the chief 
product being corn. The Winnebago Indians 
(who gave name to the county) formerly lived 
on the west side of the Rock River, and the Potta- 
watomies on the east, but both tribes removed 
westward in 1835. (As to manufacturing inter- 
ests, see Ruckford.) Population (1880), 30,505; 
(1890), 39,938; (1900), 47,845 

"WINNEBAGO "WAR. The name given to an 
Indian disturbance which had its origin in 1837, 
during the administration of Gov. Ninian 
Edwards. The Indians had been quiet since the 
conclusion of the "War of 1812, but a few isolated 
outrages were sufficient to start terrified "run- 
ners"' in all directions. In the northern portion 
of the State, from Galena to Chicago (then Fort 
Dearborn) the alarm was intense. The meagre 
militia force of the State was summoned and 
volunteers were called for. Meanwhile, 600 
United States Regular Infantry, under command 



of Gen. Henry Atkinson, put in an appearance. 
Besides the infantry, Atkinson had at his disposal 
some 130 mounted sharpshooters. The origin of 
the disturbance was as follows: The Winne- 
bagoes attacked a band of Chippewas, who were 
(bj- treaty) under Government potection, several 
of the latter being killed. For participation in 
this offense, four Winnebago Indians %vere sum- 
marilj- apprehended, surrendered to the Chippe- 
was and shot. Meanwhile, some dispute had 
arisen as to the title of the lands, claimed by the 
Winnebagoes in the vicinity of Gale'ia, which 
had been occupied by white miners. Repeated 
acts of hostility and of reprisal, along the Upper 
Mississippi, intensified mutual distrust. A gather- 
ing of the Indians around two keel-boats, laden 
with supplies for Fort Snelling, which had 
anchored near Prairie du Chien and opposite a 
Winnebago camp, was regarded by the whites as 
a hostile act. Liquor was freely distributed, and 
there is historical evidence that a half-dozen 
drunken squaws were carried off and shamefully 
maltreated. Several hundred warriors assembled 
to avenge the deception which had been practiced 
upon them. They laid in ambush for the boats 
on their return trip. The first passed too rapidly 
to be successfully assailed, but the second 
grounded and was savagelj', yet unsuccessfully, 
attacked. The presence of General Atkinson's 
forces prevented an actual outbreak, and, on his 
demand, the great Winnebago Chief, Red Bird, 
with six other leading men of the tribe, sur- 
rendered themselves as hostages to save their 
nation from extermination. A majority of these 
were, after trial, acquitted. Red Bird, however, 
unable to endure confinement, literally pined to 
death in prison, dying on Feb. 16, 1828. He is 
described as having l)een a savage of superior 
intelligence and noble character. A treaty of 
peace was concluded with the Winnebagoes in a 
council held at Prairie du Chien, a few months 
later, but the affair seems to have produced as 
much alarm among the Indians as it did among 
the whites. (For Winnebago Indians seepage ^Ifi.) 

"WINNETKA, a village of Cook County, on the 
Chicago & Northwestern Railway, 161^ miles 
north of Chicago. It stands eighty feet above 
the level of Lake Michigan, has good schools 
(being the seat of the Winnetka Institute), sev- 
eral churches, and is a popular residence town. 
Population (1880), .584; (1890), 1,079; (1900), 1,8.3.3. 

WINSTON, Frederick Hampton, lawyer, was 
born in Liberty County, Ga., Nov. 20, 1830, was 
brought to Woodford County, Ky., in 1835, left 
an orphan at 12, and attended the common 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



597 



scliools until 18, when, returning to Georgia, he 
engaged in cotton manufacture. He finally 
began the study of law with United States Sena- 
tor W. C. Dawson, and graduated from Harvard 
Law School in IS'ri ; spent some time in the office 
of W. M. Evarts in New York, was admitted to 
the bar and came to Chicago in 1853, where he 
formed a partnership with Norman B. Judd, 
afterwards being associated with Judge Henry 
W. Blodgett; served as general solicitor of the 
Lake Shore and Michigan Southern, the Chicago, 
Rock Island & Pacific and the Pittsburgh, Fort 
Wayne & Chicago Railways — remaining witli the 
latter twenty years. In 1885 lie was appointed, 
by President Cleveland, Minister to Persia, but 
resigned the following year, and traveled exten- 
sively in Russia, Scandinavia and other foreign 
countries. Mr. Winston was a delegate to the 
Democratic National Conventions of 1868, '76 and 
'84 : first President of the Stock Yards at Jersey 
City, for twelve years President of the Lincoln 
Park Commission, and a Director of the Lincoln 
National Bank. 

WISCONSIN CENTRAL LINES. Tlie Wiscon- 
sin Central Company was organized. June 17, 
1887, and subsequently acquired the Minnesota, 
St. Croix & Wisconsin, the Wisconsin & Minne- 
sota, the Chippewa Falls & Western, the St. 
Paul & St. Croix Falls, tlie Wisconsin Central, the 
Penokee, and the Packwaukee & Montebello Rail- 
roads, and assumed the leases of the Milwaukee 
& Lake Winneliago and the Wisconsin & Minne- 
sota Roads. On July 1, 1888, the company began 
to operate the entire Wisconsin Central system, 
with the exception of the Wisconsin Central 
Railroad and the leased Milwaukee & Lake Win- 
nebago, which remained in charge of the Wis- 
consin Central Railroad mortgage trustees until 
Nov. 1, 1889, when these, too, passed imder the 
control of the Wisconsin Central Company. The 
Wisconsin Central Railroatl Comiiany is a re- 
organization (Oct. 1, 1879) of a company formed 
Jan. 1, 1871. The Wisconsin Central and the 
Wisconsin Central Railroad Companies, though 
differing in name, are a financial unit; the 
former holding most of the first mortgage bonds 
of the latter, and substantially all its notes, stocks 
and income bonds, but, for legal reasons (such as 
the protection of land titles), it is necessary that 
separate corporations be maintained. On April 
1, 1890, the Wisconsin Central Company executed 
a lease to the Northern Pacific Railroad, but this 
was set aside by the courts, on Sept. 27, 1893. for 
non-payment of rent, and was finally canceled. 
On the same day receivers were appointed to 



insure the protection of all interests. The total 
mileage is 415.46 miles, of which the Company 
owns 2.58.90— only .10 of a mile in Illinois. A 
line, 58.10 miles in length, with 8.44 miles of 
side-track (total, 06.54 miles), lying wholly within 
the State of Illinois, is operated bj' the Chicago & 
Wisconsin and furnishes the allied line an en- 
trance into Chicago. 

WITHKOW, Thomas F., lawyer, was born in 
V' irginia in March, 1833, removed with his parents 
to Ohio in childhood, attended the Western 
Reserve College, and, after the death of his 
father, taught school and worked as a printer, 
later, editing a paper at ilount Vernon. In 1855 
he removed to Janesville, AVis., where he again 
engaged in journalistic work, studied law, was 
admitted to the bar in Iowa in 1857, settled at 
Des Moines and served as private secretary of 
Governors Lowe and Kirkwood. In 1860 he 
became Supreme Court Reporter; served as 
Chairman of the Republican State Central Com- 
mittee in 1863 and, in 1866, became as-sociated 
with the Rock Island Railroad in the capacity of 
local attorney, was made cliief law ofl^cer of the 
Company in 1873, and removed to Chicago, and, 
in 1890, was promoted to the position of General 
Coun.sel. Died, in Chicago, Feb. 3, 1893. 

WOLCOTT, (Dr.) Alexander, early Indian 
Agent, was born at East Windsor, Conn., Feb. 
14, 1790; graduated from Y'ale College in 1809, 
and, after a cour.se in medicine, was commis- 
sioned, in 1812, Surgeon's Mate in the United 
States Army. In 1820 he was appointed Indian 
Agent at Fort Dearborn (now Chicago), as suc- 
cessor to Charles Jouett— the first Agent— who 
had been appointed a United States Judge in 
Arkansas. The same year he accompanied Gen- 
eral Lewis Cass and Henry Schoolcraft on tlieir 
tour among the Indians of the Northwest; was 
married in 1823 to Ellen JIariou Kinzie, a 
daughter of Col. John Kinzie, the first perma- 
nent settler of Chicago; in 1825 was appointed a 
Justice of the Peace for Peoria County, which 
then included Cook County; was a Judge of 
Election in 1830, and one of the purchasers of a 
block of ground in the heart of the pre.sent city 
of Chicago, at the first sale of lots, lield Sept. 27, 
1830, but died before the close of the year. Dr. 
Wolcott appears to have been a high-minded and 
honorable man, as well as far in advance of the 
mass of pioneers in point of education and intel- 
ligence. 

WO.MAN'S MEDICAL COLLEGE OF CHI- 
C.VCjO. (See yorthwcstern University Woman's 
Medical School.) 



598 



HISTOKICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



WOMAN SUFFRAGE. (See Suffrage.) 
WOOD, Benson, lawyer and Congressman, was 
born in Susquehanna County, Pa., in 1839; re- 
ceived a common scliool and academic education ; 
at the age of 20 came to Illinois, and, for two 
years, taught scliool in Lee County. He tlien 
enlisted as a soldier in an Illinois regiment, 
attaining the rank of Captain of Infantry, after 
the war, graduated from the Law Department of 
the old Chicago University, and has since been 
engaged in the practice of his profession. He 
was elected a member of the Tvi-enty-eighth Gen- 
eral Assembly (1872) and was a delegate to the 
Republican National Conventions of 1876 and 
1888 ; also served as Mayor of the city of Effing- 
ham, where he now resides. In 1894 he was 
elected to the Fifty-fourth Congress by the 
Republicans of the Nineteenth District, which has 
imiformly returned a Democrat, and, in office, 
proved himself a most industrious and efficient 
member. Mr. Wood was defeated as a candidate 
for re-election in 1896. 

WOOD, John, pioneer, Lieutenant-Governor 
and Governor, was born at Moravia, N. Y., Dec. 
20, 1798— his father being a Revolutionary soldier 
who had served as Surgeon and Captain in the 
army. At the age of 21 years young Wood re- 
moved to Illinois, settling in what is now Adams 
County, and building the first log-cabin on the site 
of the present city of Quincy. He was a member 
of the upper house of the Seventeenth and Eight- 
eenth General Assemblies, and was elected Lieu- 
tenant-Governor in 18.^9 on the same ticket with 
Governor Bissell, and served out the unexpired 
term of the latter, who died in office. (See Bis- 
sell, William H. ) He was succeeded by Richard 
Yates in 1861. In February of that year he was 
appointed one of the five Commissioners from 
Illinois to the "Peace Conference" at Wash- 
ington, to consider methods for averting 
civil war. The following May he was appointed 
Quartermaster-General for the State by Governor 
Yates, and assisted most efficiently in fitting out 
the troops for the field. In June, 1864. he was 
commissioned Colonel of the One Hundred and 
Thirty-seventh Illinois Volunteers (100-days' men) 
and mustered out of service the following Sep- 
tember. Died, at Quincy, June 11, 1880. He 
was liberal, patriotic and public-spirited. His 
fellow-citizens of Quincy erected a monument to 
his memory, which was appropriately dedicated, 
July 4, 1883, 

WOODFORD COUNTY, situated a little north 
of the center of the State, bounded on the west 
by the Illinois River ; organized in 1841 ; area, 



.540 square miles. The surface is generally level, 
except along the Illinois River, the soil fertile 
and well watered. The county lies in the north- 
ern section of the great coal field of the State. 
Eureka is the county-seat. Other thriving cities 
and towns are Metamora, Minonk, El Paso and 
Roanoke. Corn, oats, wheat, potatoes and barley 
are the principal crops. The chief mechanical 
industries are flour manufacture, carriage and 
wagon-making, and saddlery and harness work. 
Population (1890), 21,429; (1900), 21,822. 

WOODHULL, a village of Henry County, on 
Keithsburg branch Chicago, Burlington & Quincy 
Railroad, 15 miles west of Galva; has a bank, 
electric lights, waterworks, brick and tile works, 
six churches and weekly paper. Pop. (1900), 774. 

WOODMAN, Charles W., lawyer and Congress- 
man, was born in Aalborg, Denmark, March 11, 
1844: received his early education in the schools 
of his native country, but took to the sea in 1860, 
following the life of a sailor until 1863, when, 
coming to Philadelphia, he enlisted in the Gulf 
Squadron of the United States. After the war, 
he came to Chicago, and, after reading law for 
some time in the office of James L. High, gradu- 
ated from the Law Department of the Chicago 
University in 1871. Some years later he was 
appointed Prosecuting Attorney for some of the 
lower courts, and, in 1881, was nominated by the 
Judges of Cook County as one of the Justices of 
the Peace for the city of Chicago. In 1894 he 
became the Republican candidate for Congress 
from the Fourth District and was elected, but 
failed to secure a renomination in 1896. Died, in 
Elgin Asylum for the Insane, March 18. 1898. 

WOODS, Robert Mann, was born at Greenville, 
Pa., April 17, 1840; came with his parents to Illi- 
nois in 1843, the family settling at Barry, Pike 
County, but subsequently residing at Pittsfield, 
Canton and Galesburg. He was educated at 
Knox College in the latter place, which was his 
home from 1849 to "58; later, taught school in 
Iowa and Missouri until 1861, when he went to 
Sjjringfield and began the study of law with 
Milton Hay and Shelby M. Cullom. His law- 
studies having been interrupted by the Civil 
War, after spending some time in the mustering 
and disbursing office, he was promoted by Gov- 
ernor Yates to a place in the executive office, 
from which he went to the field as Adjutant of 
the Sixty-fourth Illinois Infantry, known as the 
"Yates Sharp-Shooters." After participating, 
with the Army of the Tennessee, in the Atlanta 
campaign, he took part in the "Slarch to the 
Sea," and the campaign in the Carolinas, includ- 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



59G 



ing the siege of Savannah and the forcing of the 
Salkahatchie, where he distinguislied himself, as 
also in the taking of Columbia, Fayetteville, 
Cheraw, Raleigh and Bentonville. At the latter 
place he had a horse shot under him and won the 
brevet rank of Jhijor for gallantrj' in the field, 
having previously been commissioned Captain of 
Company A of his regiment. lie also served on 
the staffs of Gens. Giles A. Smith, Benjamin F. 
Potts, and William W. Belknap, and was the last 
mustering officer in General Sherman's army. 
In 1867 JIujor Woods removed to Chicago, where 
he was in business for a number of years, serving 
as chief clerk of Custom House construction 
from 1872 to 1877. In 1879 he jjurchased "The 
Daily Republican" at Joliet, which he conducted 
successfully for fifteen years. While connected 
with "The Republican," he .servedasSecretarx- of 
the Illinois Republican Press Association and in 
various other positions. 

Major Woods was one of the founders of the 
Grand Army of the Republic, whose birth-place 
was in Illinois. (See Grand Army of the Rcjmb- 
lic; also StephcJison, Dr. D. F.) When Dr. 
Stephenson (who had been Surgeon of the Four- 
teenth Illinois Infantry), conceived the idea of 
founding such an order, he called to his assist- 
ance Major Woods, who was then engaged in 
writing the histories of Illinois regiments for the 
Adjutant-General's Report. The Major wrote 
the Constitution and By-laws of the Order, the 
charter blanks for all the reports, etc. The first 
official order bears his name as the first Adjutant- 
General of the Order, as follows : 

hsatkiuartbrs department of illinois 
Grand Ahuy of thk Republic. 

Spuinokield, III., April 1, 1866. 
General Orders '. 

No. 1. ) The following named onicers are hereby 

appointed and assigned to duty at these headquarters. They 
will be obeyed and respected accordlnKJ>y: 
Colonel Jules C. Webber, A.U.C. and Chief of StafT. 
Colonel John M. Snyder, Quarterma.ster-General. 
Major Rol>ert M. Woods. Adjutanl-Oeneral. 
Captain John A. Llghtfoot. A.sslstaiit .\djulant-GeneraI. 
Cap'aln John S. Phelps, Atd-de-Camp. 
By order of B. F. dtephensuu, Department Commander. 

ItoBKRT M. Woods, 

A<lJulant-GeoeraI. 

Major Woods afterwards organized the various 
Departments in the West, and it has been con- 
ceded that he furnished the money necessary to 
carry on tlie work during the first six months of 
the existence of the Order. He has never 
accepted a nomination or run for any political 
office, but is now engaged in financial busine.ss in 
Joliet and Chicago, with his residence in the 
former place. 



WOODSON, David Meade, lawyer and jurist, 
was born in Jessamine County, Ky., May 18, 
1806; was educated in private schools and at 
Transylvania University, and read law with his 
father. He served a term in the Kentucky Legis- 
lature in 1832, and, in 1834, removed to Illinois, 
settling at Carrollton, Greene County. In 1839 
he was elected State's Attorney and, in 18-10, a 
member of the lower house of the Legi^ture, 
being elected a second time in 1868. In 1843 he 
was the Whig candidate for Congress in the 
Fifth District, but was defeated by Stephen A. 
Douglas. He was a member of the Constitutional 
Conventions of 1847 and 1809-70. In 1848 he was 
elected a Judge of the First Judicial Circuit, 
remaining in office until 1867. Died, in 1877. 

WOODSTOCK, the county-seat of McHenry 
County, situated on the Cliicago & Northwestern 
Railway, about 51 miles northwest of Chicago 
and 32 miles east of Rockford. It contains a 
court house, eight churches, four banks, three 
newspaper offices, foundry and machine shops, 
planing mills, canning works, pickle, cheese and 
butter factories. The Oliver Typewriter Fa(!tory 
is located here; the town is also the seat of the 
Todd Seminary for boys. Population (1890), 
1,683; (1900), 2,502. 

WORCF.STER, Linus E., State Senator, was 
born in Windsor, Vt., Dec. 5, 1811, was educated 
in the common schools of his native State and at 
Chester Academy, came to Illinois in 1836, and, 
after teaching three years, entered a dry-goods 
store at Whitehall as clerk, later becoming a 
partner. He was also engaged in various other 
branches of busine.ss at different times, including 
the drug, hardware, grocerj', agricultural imple- 
ment and lumber business. In 1843 he was 
appointed Postmaster at Whitehall, serving 
twelve years; was a member of the Constitutional 
Convention of 1S47, served as Count}- Judge for 
six years from 1853, and as Trustee of the Insti- 
tution for the Deaf and Dumb, at Jacksonville, 
from 1859, by successive reappointments, for 
twelve years. In 1856 he was elected, as a Demo- 
crat, to the, State Senate, to succeed John M. 
Palmer, resigned; was re-elected in 1860, and. at 
the session of 1865, was one of the five Demo- 
cratic members of that body who voted for the 
ratification of the Emancipation Amendment of 
the National Constitution. lie was elected 
County Judge a second time, in 1803, and re- 
elected in 1867, served as delegate to the Demo- 
cratic National Convention of 1876, and, for more 
than thirty years, was one of the Directors of the 
Jacksonville branch of the Chicago & Alton 



600 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



Railroad, serving from the organization of the 
corporation until his death, wliich occurred Oct. 
19, 1891. 

WORDEX, a village of Madison County, on the 
Wabash and the Jacksonville, Louisville & St. 
Louis Railways, 33 miles northeast of St. Louis. 
Population (ISflO). 522; (I'JOO), 544 

WORLD'S COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION. An 
exhibition of the scientific, libera! and mechan- 
ical arts of all nations, held at Chicago, between 
May 1 and Oct. 31, 1893. The project had its 
inception in November, 1885, in a resolution 
adopted by the directorate of the Chicago Inter- 
State Exposition Company. On July 6, 1888, the 
first well defined action was taken, the Iroquois 
Club, of Chicago, inviting the co-operation of six 
other leading clubs of that city in "securing the 
location of an international celebration at Chi- 
cago of the 400th anniversary of the discovery of 
America by Coliunbus." In July, 1889, a decisive 
step was taken in the appointment by Mayor 
Cregier, under resolution of the City Council, of 
a committee of 100 (afterwards increased to 250) 
citizens, who were charged with the duty of 
promoting the selection of Chicago as the site for 
the Exposition. New York, Washington and St. 
Louis were competing points, but the choice of 
Congress fell upon Chicago, and the act establish- 
ing the World's Fair at that city was signed by 
President Harrison on April 25, 1890. Under the 
requirements of the law, the President appointed 
eight Commissioners-at-large, with two Commis- 
sioners and two alternates from eacli State and 
Territory and the District of Columbia. Col. 
George R. Davis, of Cliicago, was elected Direc- 
tor-General by the body thus constituted. Ex- 
Senator Thomas 51. Palmer, of Michigan, was 
chosen President of the Commission and John T. 
Dickinson, of Texas, Secretary. This Commis- 
sion delegated much of its power to a Board of 
Reference and Control, who were instructed to 
act with a similar number appointed by the 
World's Columbian Exposition. The latter 
organization was an incorporation, with a direc- 
torate of forty-five members, elected aimually by 
the stockholders. Lyman J. Gage, of Chicago, 
was the first President of the corporation, and 
was succeeded by W. T. Baker and Harlow N. 
Higinbotliam. 

In addition to these bodies, certain powers were 
vested in a Board of Lady Managers, composed 
of two members, with alternates, from each 
State and Territory, besides nine from the city 
of Chicago. Mrs. Potter Palmer was chasen 
President of the latter. This Board was particu- 



larly charged with supervision of women's par- 
ticipation in the Exposition, and of the exhibits 
of %vonien's work. 

The supreme executive power was vested in 
the Joint Board of Control. The site selected 
was Jackson Park, in the South Division of Chi- 
cago, with a strip connecting Jackson and 
Washington Parks, known as the "Midwaj' 
Plaisance, " which was sui'rendered to "conces- 
sionaires"' who purchased the privilege of giving 
exhibitions, or conducting restaurants or selling- 
booths thereon. The total area of the site was 
633 acres, and that of the buildings — not reckon- 
ing those erected by States other than IlUnois, 
and by foreign governments — was about 200 
acres. When to this is added the acreage of the 
foreign and State buildings, the total space 
under roof approximated 350 acres. These fig- 
lu-es do not include the buildings erected by 
private exhibitors, caterers and venders, which 
would add a small percentage to the grand total. 
Forty-seven foreign Governments made appropri- 
ations for the erection of their own buildings and 
other expenses connected with official represen- 
tation, and there were exhibitors from eighty-six 
nations. The United States Government erected 
its own building, and appropriated $500,000 to 
defray the expenses of a national exhibit, besides 
§2,500,000 toward the general cost of the Exposi- 
tion. The appropriations by foreign Governments 
aggregated about §0,500,000, and those by the 
States and Territories, §0,120,000— that of IlUnois 
being §800,000. The entire outlay of the World's 
Columbian Exposition Company, up to March 31, 
1894, including the cost of preUminary organiza- 
tion, construction, operating and post-Exposition 
expenses, was §37,151,800. This is, of course, 
exclusive of foreign and State espenditures, 
which would swell the aggregate cost to nearly 
§45,000.000. Citizens of Chicago subscribed 
§5,008,206 toward the capital stock of the Exposi- 
tion Company, and the municipality, §5,000,000, 
which was raised by the sale of bonds. (See 
Thirty -ftixth General Assembly.) 

The site, while admirably adapted to the pur- 
pose, was, when chosen, a marshy flat, crossed 
by low sand ridges, ujion which stood occasional 
clumps of stunted scrub oaks. Before the gates 
of the great fair were opened to the public, the 
entire area had been transformed into a dream of 
beauty. Marshes had been drained, filled in and 
sodded ; driveways and broad walks constructed ; 
artificial ponds and lagoons dug and embanked, 
and all the highest skill of the landscape garden- 
er's art had been called into play to produce 



South Par! 

Stat.on j'jL 



MAP OP 

THE GROUNDS OF THE 

S pOJ^UM^IAJ^ EX^OpjION 

AT 

Jackson Park 

showing the General Arrangement 

of 

Buildinga and Grounds 

1893. 




HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



COl 



varied and striking effects. But tlie task had 
been a Herculean one. Tliere were seventeen 
principal for, as they may l>e called, depart- 
mental) buildings, all of beautiful and ornate 
design, and all of vast size. They wore known 
as the JIanufacturers' and Liberal Arts, the 
Macliinery. Electrical, Transportation, Woman's, 
Horticultural, Minos and Mining, Anlhr()|)i)log- 
ical, xVdmiuistration, Art Galleries, Agricultural, 
Art Institute, Fisheries, Live Stock, Dairy and 
Forestrj' buildings, and the Music Hall and Ca- 
sino. Several of these had large annexes. The 
Manufacturers" Building was tlie hxrgest. It was 
rectangular (1087x787 feet), having a ground 
area of 31 acres and a floor and gallery area of 
44 acres. Its central chamber was 1280x380 
feet, with a nave 107 feet wiile, both Iiall and 
nave being surrounded by a gallery 50 feet wide. 
It was four times as large as the Roman Coliseum 
and three times as large as St. Petei-'s at Rome; 
17,000,000 feet of lumber, 13,000,000 pounds of 
steel, and 2,000,000 pounds of iron had been used 
in its construction, involving a cost of .$1,800,000. 

It was originally intended to open the Exposi- 
tion, formally, on Oct. 21, 1892, thequadri-centen- 
nial of Columbus' discovery of land on the 
Western Hemisphere, but the magnitude of the 
undertaking rendered this impracticable. Con- 
sequentlj-, while dedicator}' ceremonies were held 
on that day, preceded by a monster procession and 
followed by elaborate pyrotechnic displays at 
night, Maj- 1, 1893, was fixed as the opening day 
— the machinery and fountains being put in oper- 
ation, at the touch of an electric button bj- Presi- 
dent Cleveland, at the close of a short address. 
The total number of atlmissions from that date 
to Oct. 31, was 27,.')30,4(i0— tlie largest for any 
single day being on Oct. 9 (Chicago Day) amount- 
ing to 761.944. The total receipts from all sources 
(including National and State appropriations, 
subscriptions, etc.), amounted to §28,101,168.75, 
of which $10,626,3.30.76 was from the sale of tick- 
ets, and §3,699,581.43 from concessions. The 
aggregate attendance fell short of that at the 
Paris Exposition of 1889 by about 500,000, while 
the receipts from the sale of tickets and con- 
cessions exceeded the latter by nearly §5,800,000. 
Subscribers to the Exposition stock received a 
return of ten per cent on the same. 

The Illinois buikling was the first of the State 
buildings to be completed. It was also the 
largest and most costlj', but was severely criti- 
cised from an architectural standpoint. The 
exliibit^ showed the internal resources of the 
State, as well as the development of its govern- 



mental system, and its progress in civilization 
from the days of the first pioneers. The entire 
Illinois exhibit in the State building was under 
charge of the State Board of Agriculture, who 
devoted one-tenth of the appropriation, and a like 
proportion of floor space, to the exliibition of the 
work of Illinois women as scientists, autliors, 
artists, decorators, etc. Among special features 
of the Illinois exhibit were: State trophies and 
relics, kept in a fire-proof memorial hall ; the dis- 
play of grains and minerals, and an immense 
topographical map (prepare<l at a cost of §15,000), 
drafted on a scale of two miles to the inch, show- 
ing the character and resources of the State, and 
correcting njany serious cartographical errors 
previously undiscovered. 

WORTHEN, Amos Henry, scientist and State 
Geologist, was born at Bradford, Vt., Oct. 31, 
1813, emigrated to Kentucky in 1834, and, in 1836, 
removed to Illinois, locating at Warsaw. Teach- 
ing, surveying and mercantile business were his 
pursuits until 1842, when he returned to the 
East, spending two years in Boston, but return- 
ing to War.saw in 1844, His natural predilections 
were toward the natural sciences, and, after 
coming west, he devoted most of his leisure time 
to the collection and study of specimens of 
mineralogy, geology and conchology. On the 
organization of the geological survey of Illinois 
in 1851, he was appointed assistant to Dr. J. G. 
Norwood, then State Geologist, and, in 18.')8, suc- 
ceeded to the office, having meanwhile spent 
three years as Assistant Geologist in the first Iowa 
survey. As State Geologist he published seven 
volumes of reports, and was engaged ujran the 
eiglith when overtaken by death, May 6, 18S8. 
These reports, which are as comprehensive as 
they are voluminous, have been reviewed and 
warmly commended by the leading scientific 
periodicals of this country and Europe. In 1877 
field work was discontinued, and the State His- 
torical Library and Natural History Museum were 
established. Professor Worthen being placed in 
charge as curator. He was the author of various 
valuable scientific papers and member of numer- 
ous scientific societies in this country and in 
Europe. 

WOKTHI>GTO\, Mcholas Ellsworth, ex-Con- 
gre.ssmau, was born in Brooke County, W. Va., 
March 30, 1836, and completed his education at 
Allegheny College, Pa., studied Law at Morgan- 
town, Va., and was admitted to the bar in 1860. 
He is a resident of Peoria, and, by profession, a 
lawyer: was County Superintendent of Schools 
of Peoria County from 1868 to 1872, and a mem- 



602 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



ber of the State Board of Education from 1869 to 
1872. In 1882 he was elected to Congress, as a 
Democrat, from the Tenth Congressional District, 
and re-elected in 1884. In 1886 he was again a 
candidate, but was defeated by bis Republican 
opponent, Philip Sidney Post. He was elected 
Circuit Judge of the Tenth Judicial District in 
1891, and re-elected in 1897. In 1894 be served 
upon a commission appointed by President Cleve- 
land, to investigate the labor strikes of that year 
at Chicago. 

TVRKjHT, John Stephen,, manufacturer, was 
born at Sheffield, Mass., July 16, 1815; came to 
Chicago in 1832, with his father, who opened a 
store in that city ; in 1837, at his own expense, 
built the first school building in Chicago; in 1840 
established "The Prairie Farmer," which he con- 
ducted for many years in the interest of popular 
education and progressive agriculture. In 1852 
he engaged in the manufacture of Atkins' self- 
raking reaper and mower, was one of the pro- 
moters of the Galena & Chicago Union and the 
Illinois Central Railways, and wrote a volume 
entitled, "Chicago: Past, Present and Future," 
published in 1870. Died, in Chicago, Sept. 26, 1874. 

WULFF, Henry, ex-State Treasurer, was born 
in Meldorf, Germany, August 24, 1854; came to 
Chicago in 1863, and began his political career as 
a Trustee of the town of Jetferson. In 1866 he 
was elected County Clerk of Cook County, and 
re-elected in 1890; in 1894 became the Republican 
nominee for State Treasurer, receiving, at the 
November election of that year, the unprece- 
dented plurality of 133,427 votes over his Demo- 
cratic opponent. 

WYANET, a town of Bureau County, at the 
intersection of the Chicago, Burlington & Qiiincy 
and the Chicago, Rock Island & Pacific Railways, 
7 miles southwest of Princeton. Population 
(1890), 670; (1900), 902. 

TVYLIE, (Rev.) Samuel, domestic missionarj-, 
born in Ireland and came to America in boj'hood ; 
was educated at the University of Pennsylvania 
and the Theological Seminary of the Reformed 
Presbyterian Church, and ordained in 1818. 
Soon after this he came west as a domestic mis- 
sionary and, in 1820, became pastor of a church 
at Sparta, lU. , where he remained until bis death, 
March 20, 1872, after a pastorate of 52 years. 
During his pastorate the church sent out a dozen 
colonies to form new church organizations else- 
where. He is described as able, eloquent and 
scholarly. 

WTMAJf, (Col.) John B., soldier, was born in 
Massachusetts, July 12, 1817, and educated in the 



schools of that State until 14 years of age, when 
he became a clerk in a clothing store in his native 
town of Shrewsbury, later being associated with 
mercantile establishments in Cincinnati, and 
again in his native State. From 1846 to 1850 he 
was employed successively as a clerk in the car 
and machine shops at Springfield, 5Iass., then as 
Superintendentof Construction, and, later, as con- 
ductor on the New York & New Haven Railroad, 
finally, in 1850, becoming Superintendent of the 
Connecticut River Railroad. In 1852 he entered 
the service of the Illinois Central Railroad Com- 
pany, assisting in the survey and construction of 
the line under Col. R. B. Mason, the Chief Engi- 
neer, and finally becoming Assistant Superin- 
tendent of the Northern Division. He was one 
of the original proprietors of the town of Amboy, 
in Lee County, and its first Mayor, also serving 
a second term. Having a fondness for military 
affairs, he was usually connected with some mili- 
tary organization — while in Cincinnati being 
attached to a company, of which Prof. O. M. 
Mitchell, the celebrated astronomer (afterwards 
Major-General Mitchell), was Captain. After 
coming to Illinois he became Captain of the Chi- 
cago Light Guards. Having lef* the employ of 
the Railroad in 1858, he was in private business 
at Amboy at the beginning of the Civil War in 
1861. As Assistant- Adjutant General, by appoint- 
ment of Governor Yates, he rendered valuable 
service in the early weeks of the war in securing 
arms from Jefferson Barracks and in the organi- 
zation of the three-months" regiments. Then, 
liaving organized the Thirteentli Illinois Volun- 
teer Infantry — the first organized in the State 
for the three years" service — he was commis- 
sioned its Colonel, and, in July following, entered 
upon the duty of guarding the railroad lines in 
Southwest Missouri and Arkansas. The follow- 
ing year his regiment was attached to General 
Sherman"s command in the first campaign 
against Vicksburg. On the second day of the 
Battle of Chickasaw Bayou, he fell mortally 
wounded, dying on the field, Dec. 28, 1862. Colo- 
nel Wyman was one of the most accomplished 
and promising of the volunteer soldiers sent to 
tlie field from Illinois, of whom so many were 
former employes of the Illinois Central Rail- 
road, 

"WYOMING, a town of Stark County, 31 miles 
north-northwest from Peoria, at the junction of 
the Peoria branch Rock Island & Pacific and the 
Rushville branch of the Chicago, Burlington & 
Quincj- Railway ; has two high schools, churches, 
two banks, flour mills, water-works, machine 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



603 



shop, and two weekly newspapers. Coal is mined 
here. Pop. (1830), 1,116; (1900), 1,277. 

XEM.\, a village of Clay County, on the Balti- 
more & Ohio Southwestern Railroad, 87 miles 
east of St. Louis. Population (1900), 800. 

YATES CITY, a villase of Knox County, at the 
junction of the Peoria Division of the Chicago, 
Burlington & Quincy Railroad, with the Rushville 
branch, 23 miles southeast of Galesburg. The 
town has banks, a coal mine, telephone exchange, 
school, churches and a newspaper. Pop. (1890), 
687; (1900), 650. 

YATES, Henry, pioneer, was born in Caroline 
County, Va.. Oct. 29, 1786 — being a grand-nephew 
of Chief Justice John JIarshall : removed to Fa- 
yette County, Ky. , where he located and laid out 
the town of Warsaw, which afterwards became 
the county-seat of Gallatin County. In 1831 he 
removed to Sangamon County, 111. , and, in 1832, 
settled at the site of the present town of Berlin, 
which he laid out the foUowing j-ear. also laying 
out the town of New Berlin, a few years later, on 
the line of the Wabash Railway. He was father 
of Gov. Richard Yates. Died, Sept. 13, 1865.— 
Henry (Y^ates), Jr. , son of the preceding, was born 
at Berlin, 111., March 7, 1835: engaged in merchan- 
dising at New Berlin ; in 1862. raised a company 
of volunteers for the One Hundred and Sixth 
Regiment Illinois Infantry, was appointed Lieu- 
tenant-Colonel and brevetted Colonel and Briga- 
dier-General. He was accidentally shot in 1863, 
and suffered sun-stroke at Little Rock, from 
which he never fully recovered. Died, August 
3, 1871. 

YATES, Rlfhard, former Governor and United 
States Senator, was born at Warsaw, Ky., Jan. 
18, 1815, of English descent. In 1831 he accom- 
panied his father to Illinois, the family settling 
first at Springfield and later at Berlin, Sangamon 
Count}'. He soon after entered Illinois College, 
from which he graduated in 1835, and subse- 
quently read law with Col. John J. Hardin, at 
Jacksonville, which thereafter became his home. 
In 1842 he was elected Representative in the Gen- 
eral Assembly from Morgan County, and was 
re-elected in 1844, and again in 1848. In 18.50 he 
was a candidate for Congress from the Seventh 
District and elected over Maj. Thomas L. Harris, 
the previous incimibent. being the only Whig 
Representative in the Thirty-second Congress 
from Illinois. Two years later he was re-elected 
over John Calhoun, but was defeated, in 18.54, 
by his old opponent, Harris. He was one of the 



most vigorous opponents of the Kansas-Nebraska 
Bill in the Thirty -third Congress, and an early 
participant in the movement for the organization 
of the Republican part}' to resist the further 
e.xtension of .slavery, being a prominent speaker, 
on the .same platform with Lincoln, before the 
first Republican State Convention held at Bloom- 
ington, in Slay, 1856, and serving as one of the 
Vice-Presidents of that body. In 1860 he was 
elected to the executive chair on the ticket 
headed by Abraham Lincoln for the Presidency, 
and. bj- his energetic support of the National 
administration in its measures for the suppression 
of the Rebellion, won the sobri(iuet of "the Illi- 
nois War-Governor."" In 1865 he was elected 
United States Senator, serving until 1871. He 
dieil suddenly, at St. Louis, Nov. 27, 1873, while 
returning from Arkansas, whither he had gone, 
as a United States Commissioner, by appointment 
of President Grant, to inspect a land-subsidy 
railroad. He was a man of rare ability, earnest- 
ness of purpose and extraordinary jiersonal mag- 
netism, as well as of a lofty order of patriotism. 
His faults were those of a nature generous, 
impulsive and warm-hearted. 

YOKKYILLE, the county-seat of Kendall 
County, on Fo.x River and Streator Division of 
Chicago, Burlington & Quincy Railroad, 12 miles 
south we.st of Aurora; on interurban electric line; 
has water-power, electric lights, a bank, churches 
and weekly newspaper. Pop.(1890) 375; (1900), 413. 

YOl'XG, Brigliam, Mormon leader, was born 
at Whittingham, Vt., June 1, 1801, joined the 
Mormons in 1831 and, the next year, became asso- 
ciated with Joseph Smith, at Kirtland, Ohio, and, 
in 1835, an "apostle."' He accompanied a con- 
siderable body of that sect to Independence, Mo. . 
but was driven out with them in 1837, settling 
for a short time at Quincj-, 111., but later remov- 
ing to Nauvoo, of which he was one of the foun- 
ders. On the assa-ssination of Smith, in 1844, he 
became the successor of the latter, as head of the 
Mormon Church, and. the following jear. hea<led 
the e.xodus from Illinois, which finally resulted in 
the Mormon settlement in Utah. His subsequent 
career there, where he was appointed Governor 
by President Fillmore, and, for a time, success- 
fully defied national authority, is a matter of 
national rather than State history. He remained 
at the head of the Mormon Church until his 
death at Salt Lake City, August 29. 1877. 

YOUXG, Kichard Montgomery, United States 
Senator, was born in Kentucky in 1796, studied 
law and removed to Jonesboro, 111., where he was 
admitted to the bar in 1817; served in the Second 



604 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



General Assembly (1830-22) as Representative 
from Union County ; was a Circuit Judge, 1825-27 ; 
Presidential Elector in 1828; Circuit Judge again, 
1829-.S7 ; elected United States Senator in 1837 as 
successor to W. L. D. Ewing, serving until 1843, 
when he was commissioned Justice of the Su- 
preme Court, but resigned in 1847 to become 
Commissioner of the General Land Office at 
Washington. During the session of 1850-51, he 
served as Clerk of the National House of Repre- 
sentatives. Died, in an insane asj'lum, in Wash- 
ington, in 1853. 

TOUiVG MEX'S CHRISTIAN ASSOCIATION, 
first permanently organized at Chicago, in 1858, 
although desultory movements of a kindred char- 
acter had previously been started at Peoria, 
Quincy, Chicago and Springfield, some as early 
as 1854. From 1858 to 1873, various associations 
were formed at different points throughout tlio 
State, which were entirely independent of each 
other. The first effort looking to union and 
mutual aid, was made in 1873, when Robert 
Weidensall, on behalf of the International Com- 
mittee, called a convention, to meet at Blooming- 
ton, November 6-9. State conventions have been 
held annually since 1872. In that of 1875, steps 
were taken looking to the appointment of a 
State Secretary, and, in 1876, Charles M. Morton 
assumed the office. Much evangelistic work was 
done, and new associations formed, the total 
number reported at the Champaign Convention, 
in 1877, being sixty-two. After one year's work 
Mr. Morton resigned the secretaryship, the office 
remaining vacant for three years. Tlie question 
of the appointment of a successor was discussed 
at the Decatur Convention in 1879, and, in April, 
1880, I. B. Brown was made State Secretarj', and 
has occupied the position to the present time 
(1899). At the date of his appointment the 
official figures showed sixteen associations in Illi- 
nois, with a total membership of 2,443, and prop- 
erty valued at 5126,500, including building funds, 
the associations at Chicago and Aurora owning 
buildings. Thirteen officers were employed, 
none of them being in Chicago. Since 1880 the 
work has steadily grown, so that five Assistant 
State Secretaries are no%v emploj^ed. In 1886, a 
plan for arranging the State work under depart- 
mental administration was devised, but not put 
in operation until 1890. The present six depart- 
ments of supervision are: General Supervision, 
in charge of the State Secretary and his Assist- 
ants; railroad and city work; counties and 
towns; work among students; corresponding 
membership department, and office work. The 



two last named are under one esecutire head, 
but each of the others in charge of an Assistant 
Secretary, who is responsible for its development 
The entire work is under the supervision of a 
State Executive Committee of twenty-seven 
members, one-third of whom are elected annually. 
Willis H. Herrick of Chicago has been its chair- 
man for several years. This body is appointed 
by a State convention composed of delegates 
from the local Associations. Of these there were, 
in October, 1898, 116, with a membership of 
15,888. The value of the property owned was 
§3,500,000. Twenty-two occupy their own build- 
ings, of which five are for railroad men and one 
for students. Weekly gatherings for young men 
numbered 248, and there are now representatives 
or correspondents in 665 communities where no 
organization has been effected. Scientific phys- 
ical culture is made a feature by 40 associations, 
and educational work has been largely developed. 
The enrollment in evening classes, during 1898-99, 
was 978. The building of the Chicago branch 
(erected in 1893) is the finest of its class in the 
world. Recently a successful association has 
been formed among coal miners, and another 
among the first grade boys of the Illinois State 
Reformatory, while an extensive work has been 
conducted at the camps of the Illinois National 
Guard. 

ZAJiE, Charles S., lawyer and jurist, was born 
in Cumberland County, N. J., March 3, 1831, of 
English and New England stock. At the age of 
19 he emigrated to Sangamon County, 111., for a 
time working on a farm and at brick-making. 
From 1852 to "55 he attended McKendree College, 
but did not graduate, and, on leaving college, 
engaged in teaching, at the same time reading 
law. In 1857 he was admitted to the bar and 
commenced practice at Springfield. The follow- 
ing year he was elected City Attorne)'. He had 
for partners, at different times, William H. 
Herndon (once a partner of Abraham Lincoln) 
and Senator Shelby M. Cullom. In 1873 he was 
elected a Judge of the Circuit Court for the Fifth 
Judicial Circuit, and was re-elected in 1879. In 
1883 President Arthur appointed him Chief Jus- 
tice of Utah, where he has since resided, though 
superseded by the appointment of a successor bj- 
President Cleveland. At the first State elec- 
tion in Utah, held in November, 1895, he was 
chosen one of the Judges of the Supreme Court 
of the new Commonwealth, but was defeated 
for re-election, by his Democratic opponent, in 
1898. 




SCEXKS IX SOUXn PAHK. 




The Peristyle. 



WORLD'S FAIR BUILDINGS. 

Admiuistration BniUliug 



German Buildiiis 
The Fisheries. 



SUPPLEMENT. 



Tho following matter, received too Lite for Insertion la the body of this work, Is added In the form of a supplement. 



COGHLAS, (Capt.) Joseph Bullock, naval 
officer, was born in Kentucky, and, at tlie age of 
15 years, came to Illinois, living on a farm for a 
time near Carlyle, in Clinton County. In 18(i0 he 
was appointed by his uncle, Hon. Philip B. 
Fouke — then a Representative in Congress from 
the Belleville District — to the Naval Academy at 
Annapolis, graduating in 1863, and being pro- 
moted through the successive grades of Ensign, 
M.aster, Lieutenant, Lieutenant-Commander, and 
Commander, and serving upon various vessels 
until Nov. 18, 1893, when he was commissioned 
Captain and, in 1897, assigned to the command 
of the battleship Raleigh, on the .iVsiatic Station. 
He was thus connected with xVdmiral Dewey's 
squadron at the beginning of the Spanish- Ameri- 
can War, and took a conspicuous and brilh'ant part 
in the affair in Manila Bay, on May 1, 1898, which 
resulted- in the destruction of the Spanish fleet. 
Captain Coghlan's connection with subsequent 
events in the Philippines was in the highest 
degree creditable to himself and the country. 
His vessel (the Raleigh) was the first of Admiral 
Dewey's squadron to return home, coming by 
way of the Suez Canal, in the summer of 1899, he 
and his crew receiving an immense ovation on 
their arrival in New York harbor. 

CR.4XE, (Rer.) James Lyons, clergyman, 
army chaplain, was torn at Mt. Eaton, Wayne 
County, Ohio, August 30, 1823, united with the 
Methodist Episcopal Church at Cincinnati in 
1841, and, coming to Edgar County, Illinois, in 
1843, attended a semina»y at Paris some three 
years. He joined tlie Illinois Conference in 1846, 
and was assigned to the Danville circuit, after- 
wards presiding over charges at Grandview, Hills- 
toro, Alton, Jacksonville, and Springfield — at the 
last two points being stationed two or more 
times, besides serving as Presiding Elder of the 
Paris, Danville, and Springfield Districts. The 
importance of the stations which he filled during 
his itinerant career served as evidence of his 
recognized ability and popularity as a preacher. 



In July, 1861, he was appointed Chaplain of tho 
Twenty-first Regiment Illinois Volunteers, at 
that time commanded by Ulysses S. Grant as 
Colonel, and, although he remained with the 
regiment only a few months, the friendship then 
established between him and the future com- 
mander of the armies of the Union Listed through 
their lives. This was shown by his appointment 
by President Grant: in 1869, to the position of 
Postmaster of the city of Springfield, which came 
to him as A personal compliment, being re- 
appointed four years afterwards and continuing 
in oflSce eight years. After retiring from tho 
Springfield postoflice, he occupied charges at 
Island Grove and Shelbyville, his death occurring 
at the latter place, July 29, 1879, as the result of 
an attack of paralysis some two weeks previous. 
Mr. Crane was married in 1847 to Miss Elizabeth 
Mayo, daughter of CoL J. Mayo — a prominent 
citizen of Edgar County, at an early day — his 
wife surviving him some twenty years. Rev. 
Charles A. Crane and Rev. Frank Crane, pastors 
of pi'ominent Methodist churches in Boston and 
Chicago, are sons of the subject of this sketch. 

DAWES, Charles Gates, Comptroller of the 
Treasury. w;vs born at Marietta, Oliio, August 27, 
1865; graduated from Marietta College in 1884, 
and from the Cincinnati Law School in 1886; 
worked at civil engineering during his vacations, 
finally becoming Chief Engineer of the Toledo & 
Ohio Railroad. Between 1887 and 1894 he was 
engaged in tlie practice of law at Lincoln, Neb., 
but afterwards became interested in the gas busi- 
ness in various cities, including Evanston, IlL, 
which became his home. In 189G he took a lead- 
ing part in securing instructions by the Republi- 
can State Convention at Springfield in favor of 
the nomination of Mr. McKinley for the Presi- 
dency, and during the succeeding campaign 
served as a member of the National Republican 
Committee for the State of Illinois. Soon after 
the accession of President McKinley, he was 
appointed Comptroller of the Treasury, a position 



605 



606 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



which he now holds. Mr. Dawes is the son of 
R. B. Dawes, a former Congressman from Ohio, 
and the great-grandson of Manasseh Cutler, who 
was an influential factor in the early history of 
the Noi'thwest Territory, and lias been credited 
with exerting a strong influence in shaping and 
securing the adoption of the Ordinance of 1787. 

DISTIN, (Col.) William L., former Depart- 
ment Commander of Grand Army of the Repub- 
lic for the State of Illinois, was born at 
Cincinnati, Ohio, Feb. 9, 1843, his father being of 
English descent, while his maternal grandfather 
was a Colonel of the Polish Lancers in the army 
of the first Napoleon, who, after the exile of his 
leader, came to America, settling in Indiana. 
The father of the subject of this sketch settled at 
Keokuk, Iowa, where the son grew to manhood 
and in February, 1863, enlisted as a private in the 
Seventeenth Iowa Infantry, having been twice 
rejected previously on account of physical ail- 
ment. Soon after enlistment he was detailed for 
provost-marshal duty, but later took part with 
his regiment in the campaign in Alabama. He 
served for a time in the Fifteenth Army Corps, 
under Gen. John A. Logan, was subsequently 
detailed for duty on the Staff of General Raum, 
and participated in the battles of Resaca and 
Tilton, Ga. Having been captured in the latter, 
he was imprisoned successively at Jacksonville 
^Ga.), Montgomery, Savannah, and finally at 
Andersonville. From the latter he succeeded in 
effecting his escape, but was recaptured and 
returned to tliat famous prison-pen. Having 
escaped a second time by assuming the name of 
a dead man and bribing the guard, he was again 
captured and imprisoned at various points in Mis- 
sissippi until exchanged about the time of the 
assassination of President Lincoln. He was then 
so weakened by his long confinement and scanty 
fare that he had to be carried on board the 
steamer on a stretcher. At this time he narrowly 
escaped being on board the steamer Sultana, 
which was blown up below Cairo, with 2,100 
soldiers on board, a large proportion of whom lost 
their lives. After being mustered out at Daven- 
port, Iowa, June 28, 186.J, he was employed for a 
time on the Des Moines Valley Railroad, and as a 
me.ssenger and route agent of the United States 
Express Company. In 1872 lie established him- 
self in business in Quincy, 111., in which he 
proved very successful. Here he became prom- 
inent in local Grand Army circles, and, in 1890, 
was unanimously elected Commander of the 
Department of Illinois. Previous to this he had 
been an officer of the Illinois National Guard, and 



served as Aid-de-Camp, with the rank of 
Colonel, on the staff of Governors Hamilton, 
Oglesby and Fifer. In 1897 Colonel Distin was 
appointed by President McKinley Surveyor-Gen- 
eral for the Territory of Alaska, a position which 
(1899) he still holds. 

DUMMER, Henry E., lawyer, was born at 
Hallowell, Maine, April 9, 18U8, was educated in 
Bowdoin College, graduating there in the class of 
1827, after which lie took a com-se in law at Cam- 
bridge Law School, and was soon after admitted 
to the bar. Then, having spent some two years 
in his native State, in 1832 he removed to IlHnois, 
settling first in Springfield, wliere he remained six 
years, being for a part of the time a partner of 
John T. Stuart, who afterwards became the first 
partner in law of Abraham Lincoln. Sir. Dum- 
mer had a brother, Richard William Dumnier, 
who had preceded him to Illinois, living for a 
time in Jacksonville. In 1838 he removed to 
Beardstown, Cass County, which continued to be 
his home for more than a quarter of a century. 
During his residence there he served as Alder- 
man, City Attorney and Judge of Probate for 
Cass County ; also represented Cass County in tlie 
Constitutional Convention of 1847, and, in 1860, 
was elected State Senator in the Twenty-second 
General Assembly, serving four years. Mr. 
Duminer was an earnest Republican, and served 
that party as a delegate for the State-at-large to 
tlie Convention of 1864, at Baltimore, which 
nominated Abraham Lincoln for the Presidency a 
second time. In 1864 he removed to Jackson- 
ville, and for the next year was the law partner 
of David A. Smith, until the death of the latter 
in 1865. In the summer of 1878 Mr. Dumnier 
went to Mackinac, Mich. , in search of health, but 
died tliere August 12 of that year. 

ECKELS, James H., ex-Comptroller of the 
Currency, was born of Scotch-Irish parentage at 
Princeton, III, Nov. 22, 1858, was educated in 
the common schools and the high school of his 
native town, graduated from the Law School at 
Albany, N. Y., in 1881, and the following year 
began practice at Ottawa, 111. Here he con- 
tinued in active practice until 1893, when he was 
appointed by President Cleveland Comptroller of 
the Currency, serving until May 1, 1898, when he' 
resigned to accept the presidency of the Com- 
mercial National Bank of Chicago. Mr. Eckels 
manifested such distinguished ability in the dis- 
charge of his duties as Comptroller that he 
received the notable compliment of being 
retained in office by a Republican administration 
more than a year after the retirement of Presi- 



HISTOllICAL EXCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



607 



dent Cleveland, while his selection for a place at 
the head of one of the leading banking institu- 
tions of Chicago was a no less marked recognition 
of his abilities as a financier. He was a Delegate 
from the Eleventh District to the National 
Democratic Convention at Chicago in IS'J'i, and 
repiesented the same district in the Gold Demo- 
cratic Convention at Indianapolis in 1896, and 
assisted in framing the platform there adopted — 
which indicated his views on the financial ques- 
tion.s involved in the campaign of that year. 

FIELD, Ihiniid, early merchant, was born in 
Jefferson County, Kentuckj', Nov. 30, 1790, and 
settled at Golconda, 111., in 1818, dying there in 
1853. He was a man of great enterprise, engaged 
in merchandising, and became a large land- 
holder, farmer and stock-grower, and an extensive 
shipper of stock and produce to lower Jlississippi 
markets. He married Elizabeth Dailey of 
Charleston, Ind., and raised a large family of 
children, one of whom, Philip D., became Sheriff, 
while another, John, was County Judge of Pope 
County. His daughter, Maria, married Gen. 
Green B. Raum, who became prominent as a 
soldier during the Civil War and, later, as a mem- 
ber of Congress and Commissioner of Internal 
Revenue and Pension Commissioner in Wash- 
ington. 

FIELD, (iSreeii B., member of a pioneer family, 
was born within the present limits of the State of 
Indiana in 1787, served as a Lieutenant in the 
War of 1812, was married in Bourbon County, 
Kentucky, to Miss Mary E. Cogswell, the 
daughter of Dr. Joseph Cogswell, a soldier of the 
Revolutionary War, lind, in 1817, removed to 
Pope County, Illinois, where he laid off the town 
of Golconda, which became the county-seat. He 
served as a Representative from Pope County in 
the First General As.sembly (1818-20), and was 
the father of Juliet C. Field, who became the 
wife of John Raum; of Edna Field, the wife of 
Dr. Tarlton Dunn, and of Green B. Field, who 
was a Lieutenant in Tliird Regiment Illinois 
Volunteers during the Mexican War. Mr. Field 
was the grandfather of Gen. Green B. R:ium, 
mentioned in the preceding paragraph. He died 
of yellow fever in Louisiana in 1823. 

GALE, Stephen Francis, first Chicago book- 
seller and a railway promoter, was born at 
Exeter, N. H., March 8, 1812; at 15 years of age 
became clerk in a leading book-store in Boston; 
came to Chicago in Wi'i. and soon afterwards 
opened the first book and stationery establish- 
ment in that city, which, in after years, gained 
an extensive trade. In 1842 the fi^rm of S. F. 



Gale & Co. was organized, but Mr. Gale, having 
become head of the Chicago Fire Department, 
retired from business in 18-1.5 As early as 1846 
he was associated witli Wm. B. Ogden and Jolm 
B. Turner in the steps then being taken to revive 
the Galena & Chicago Union Railroad (now a 
part of the Chicago & Northwestern;, and, in 
conjunction with these gentlemen, became 
responsible for the means to purchase the charter 
and assets of the road from the Eastern bond- 
holders. Later, he engaged in the construction 
of the branch road from Turner Junction to 
Aurora, became President of tlie line and ex- 
tended it to Mendota to connect with the Illinois 
Centi'al at that Point. These roads afterwards 
became a part of the Chicago, Burlington & 
Quincy line. A number of years ago Mr. Gale 
returned to his old home in New Hampshire, 
where he has since resided. 

HAY, John, early settler, came to the region of 
Kaskaskia between 1790 and 1800, and became a 
prominent citizen of St. Clair County. He was 
.selected as a member of the First Legislative 
Council of Indiana Territory for St. Clair County 
in 1805. In 1809 he was appointed Clerk of the 
Common Pleas Court of St. Clair County, and 
was continued in office after the organization of 
the State Government, serving until his death at 
Bellovillo in 184.'). 

HAYS, John, pioneer settler of Northwest Ter- 
ritory, was a native of New Y'ork, who came to 
Cahokia, in the "Illinois Country," in 1793, and 
lived tliero the remainder of his life. His early 
life had been spent in the fur-trade about Macki- 
nac, in the Lake of the Woods region and about 
the sources of the Mississippi. During the War 
of 1813 he was able to furnish Governor Edwards 
valuable information in reference to the Indiana 
in the Nortlnvest. He fdled the office of Post- 
master at Cahokia for a number of years, and was 
Sheriff of St. Clair County from 1798 to 1818. 

MOULTOX, (Col.) Gcorgo M., soldier and 
building contractor, was born at Reailsburg, Vt., 
March 15, 1831, came early in life to Chicago, and 
was educated in the schools of that city. Bj' pro- 
fession he is a contractor and builder, the firna of 
which he is a member having been connected 
with the construction of a number of large build- 
ings, including some extensive grain elevators. 
Colonel Jloulton became a member of the Second 
Regiment Illinois National Guard in June. 1884, 
being elected to the office of Major, which he 
retained until January. 1893, when he was 
appointed In.spector of Rifle Practice on the staff 
of General Wheeler. A year later he was con> 



608 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



missioned Colonel of the regiment, a position 
which he occupied at the time of the call by the 
President for troops to serve in the Spanish- 
American War in April, 1898. He promptly 
answered the call, and was sworn into the United 
States service at tlie head of his regiment early 
in May. The regiment was almost immediately 
ordered to Jacksonville, Fla., remaining there 
and at Savannah, Ga., until early in December, 
when it was transferred to Havana, Cuba. Here 
he was soon after appointed Chief of Police for 
the city of Havana, remaining in office until the 
middle of January, 1899, when he returned to his 
regiment, then stationed at Camp Columbia, near 
the city of Havana. In tlie latter part of Slarch 
he returned with his regiment to Augusta, Ga., 
where it was mustered out, April 26, 1899. one 
year from tlie date of its arrival at Springfield. 
After leaving the service Colonel Moultou 
resumed his business as a contractor. 

SHERMAN, Lawrence T., legislator and 
Speaker of the Forty-first General Assembly, was 
born in Miami County, Ohio, Nov. 6, 1858; at 3 
years of age came to Illinois, his parents settling 
at Industry, McDonough County. When he had 
reached the age of 10 years he went to Jasper 
County, where he grew to manhood, received his 
education in the coiamon schools and in the law- 



department of McKendree College, graduating 
from the latter, and, in 1881, located at JIacomb, 
McDonough County. Here he began his career 
by driving a team upon the street in order to 
accumulate means enabling him to devote his 
entire attention to his chosen profession of law. 
He soon took an active interest in poUtics, was 
elected County Judge in 1886, and, at the expira- 
tion of his term, formed a partnership with 
George D. Tunnicliffe and D. G. Tunuiclifle, 
ex-Justice of the Supreme Court. In 1894 he was 
a candidate for the Republican nomination for 
Representative in the General Assembly, but 
withdrew to prevent a split in the party; was 
nominated and elected in 1896, and re-elected in 
1898, and, at the succeeding session of the 
Forty-first General Assembly, was nominated 
by the Republican caucus and elected Speaker, 
as he was again of tlie Forty -second in 1901. 

yiXYARD, Philip, early legislator, was born 
in Pennsylvania in 1800, came to Illinois at an 
earl}' day, and settled in Pope County, which he 
represented in the lower branch of the Thirteenth 
and Fourteenth General Assemblies. He married 
]\Iiss JIatilda McCoy, the daughter of a prominent 
Illinois pioneer, and served as Sherilf of Pope 
County for a number of years. Died, at Gol- 
conda, in 1863, 



SUPPLEMENT NO. 11. 



BLACK HAWK WAR, THE. The episode 
known in history under the name of ' 'The Black 
Hawk War," was the most formidable conflict 
between the whites and Indians, as well as the 
most far-reaching in its results, that ever oc- 
curred upon the .soil of Illinois. It takes its 
name from the Indian Chief, of the Sac tribe. 
Black Hawk (Indian name, Makatai Meshekia- 
kiak, meaning "Black Sparrow Hawk"), who 
was the leader of the hostile Indian band and a 
principal factor in the struggle. Black Hawk 
had been an ally of the British during the War 
of 1813-15, served with Tecumseh when the lat- 
ter fell at the battle of the Thames in 1813, and, 
after the war, continued to maintain friendly re- 
lations with his "British father." The outbreak 



in Illinois had its origin in the construction 
put upon the treaty negotiated by Gen. William 
Henry Harrison with the Sac and Fox Indians 
on behalf of the United States Government, No- 
vember 3, 1804, under which the Indians trans- 
ferred to the Government nearly 15,000,000 acres 
of land comprising the region lying between the 
Wisconsin River on the north. Fox River of Illi- 
nois on the east and southeast, and the Slississippi 
on the west, for which the Government agreed to 
pay to the confederated tribes less than $2,500 in 
goods and the insignificant sum of §1,000 per an- 
num in perpetuity. While the validity of the 
treaty was denied on the part of the Indians on the 
ground that it bad originally been entered into by 
their chiefs under duress, while held as prisoners 



HISTORICAL EXCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



600 



under a charge of murder at Jefferson Barracks, 
duriiiK which they had been kept in a state of con- 
stant intoxication, it luul been repeatedly reaf- 
firmed by parts or all of the tribe, e.specially in 
ISIT), in 1816, in 1822 and in 1823, and finally recog- 
nized by Black Hawk himself in i8yi. The part of 
the treaty of 1804 which was the immediate cause 
of the disagreement was that which stipulated 
that, so long as the lands ceded under it remained 
the property of the United States (that is, should 
not be transferred to private owners), ' 'the Indians 
belonging to the said tribes shall enjoy the priv- 
ilege of living or hunting upon them." Al- 
though these lands had not been jnit upon the 
market, or even surveyed, as "squatters" multi- 
plied in this region little respect was paid to the 
treat}' rights of the Indians, particularly with 
reference to those localities where, by reason of 
fertility of the soil or some other natural advan- 
tage, the Indians had established something like 
permanent homes and introduced a sort of crude 
cultivation. This was especially the case with 
reference to the Sac village of "Saukenuk" on 
the north bank of Rock River near its moutli, 
wliere the Indians, when not absent on the chase, 
had lived for over a century, had cultivated 
fields of corn and vegetables and had buried their 
dead. In the early part of the la.st century, it is 
estimated that some five hundred families had 
been accustomed to congregate here, making it 
the largest Indian village in the West. As early 
as 1823 the encroachments of squatters on the 
rights claimed by the Indians under the treaty 
of 1804 began ; their fields were taken possession 
of by the intruders, their lodges uurned and their 
women and children whipped and driven away 
during the absence of the men on their annual 
hunts. The dangers resulting from these con- 
flicts led Governor Edwards, as earl}- as 1828, to 
demand of the General Government the expul- 
sion of the Indians from Illinois, which resulted 
in an order from President Jackson in 1829 for 
their removal west of the Mississippi. On appli- 
cation of Col. George Davenport, a trader of 
much influence with the Indians, the time was 
extended to April 1, 1830. Dm-ing the preceding 
year Colonel Davenport and the firm of Davenport 
and Farnham bought from the United States Gov- 
ernment most of the lands on Rock River occupied 
by Black Hawk's band, with the intention, as lias 
been claimed, of permitting the Indians to remain. 
This was not so understood by Black Hawk, who 
was greatly incensed, although Davenport offered 
to take other lands from the Government in ex- 
change or cancel the sale — an arrangement to 



which President Jackson would not consent. On 
their return in the spring of 1830, the Indians 
found whites in possession of their village. Pre- 
vented from cultivating their fields, and their 
annual hunt proving unsuccessful, the following 
winter proved for them one of great hardship. 
Black Hawk, having made a visit to his " British 
father" (the British Agent) at Maiden, Canada, 
claimed to have received words of sympathy and 
encouragement, which induced him to determine 
to regain possession of their fields. In this he 
was encouraged bj- Neapope, his second in com- 
mand, and by assurance of support from White 
Cloud, a half Sac and half Winnebago — known 
also as " The Prophet " — whose village (Prophet's 
Town) was some forty miles from the mouth 
of Rock River, and through whom Black Hawk 
claimed to have leceived promisesof aid in guns, 
ammunition and provisions from the British. 
The reappearance of Black Hawk's band in the 
vicinity of his old haunts, in the spring of 1831, 
produced a wild panic among the frontier settlers. 
SIes.sages were hurried to Governor Reynolds, 
who had succeeded Governor Edwards in De- 
cember previous, appealing for protection against 
the savages. The Governor issued a call for 700 
volunteers " to remove the band of Sac Indians " 
at Rock Island beyond the Mississippi. Al- 
though Gen. E. P. Gaines of the regular army, 
conunanding the military district, thought the 
regulars sufficiently strong to cope with the situa- 
tion, the Governor's proclamation was responded 
to by more than twice the number called for. 
The volunteers assembled early in June, 1831, at 
Beardstown, the place of rendezvous named in 
the call, and having been organized into two regi- 
ments under command of Col. James D. Henrj and 
Col. Daniel Lieb. with a spy battalion under Gen. 
Joseph Duncan, marched across the country and, 
after effecting a junction with General Gaines' 
regulars, appeared before Black Hawk's villageon 
the 'i-ith of June. In the meantime General 
Gaines, having learnel that the Pottawatomies, 
Winnebagos and Kickapoos liad promised to join 
the Sacs in their uprising, asked the assistance of 
the battalion of mounted men previously offered 
by Governor Reynolds. The combined armies 
amounted to 2,,500 men, while the fighting force 
of the Indians was 300. Finding himself over- 
whelmingly outnumbered, Black Hawk withdrew 
under cover of night to the west side of the Missis- 
sippi. After burning the village. General Gaines 
notified Black Hawk of his intention to pursue 
and attack his band, which had the effect to 
bring the fugitive chief to the General's head- 



CIO 



HISTORICxlL EXCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLIXOIS. 



quarters, where, on June 30, a new treaty was 
entered into by which he bound himself and liis 
people to remain west of the Mississippi unless 
permitted to return by the United States. This 
ended the campaign, and the volunteers returned 
to their homes, although the affair had produced 
an intense excitement along the whole frontier, 
and involved a heavy expense. 

The next winter was spent by Black Hawk and 
his band on the site of old Fort Madison, in the 
present State of Iowa. Dissatisfied and humil- 
iated by his repulse of the previous year, in disre- 
gard of his pledge to General Gaines, on April 6, 
1832, at the head of 500 warriors and their fam- 
ilies, he again crossed the Mississippi at Yel- 
low Banks about the site of the present city of 
Oquawka, fifty miles below Rock Island, with the 
intention, as claimed, if not permitted to stop at 
his old village, to proceed to the Prophet's Town 
and raise a crop with the Winnebagoes. Here he 
was met by The Prophet with renewed assurances 
of aid from the Winnebagoes, which was still 
further strengthened by promises from the Brit- 
ish Agent received through a visit by Neapope to 
Maiden the previous autumn. An incident of this 
invasion was the effective warning given to the 
white settlers by Shabona. a friendly Ottawa 
chief, which probably had the effect to prevent 
a widespread massacre. Besides the towns of 
Galena and Chicago, the settlements in Illinois 
north of Fort Clark (Peoria) were limited to some 
thirty families on Bureau Creek with a few 
cabins at Hennepin, Peru, LaSalle, Ottawa, In- 
dian Creek, Dixon, Kellogg's Grove, Apple Creek, 
and a few other points. Gen. Henry Atkinson, 
commanding the regulars at Fort Armstrong 
(Rock Island), having learned of the arrival of 
Black Hawk a week after he crossed the Missis- 
sippi, at once took steps to notify Governor Rey- 
nolds of the situation with a requisition for an 
adequate force of militia to cooperate with the 
regulars. Under date of April 16, 1832, the Gov- 
ernor issued his call for "a strong detachment of 
militia " to meet by April 23, Beardstown again 
being named as a place of rendezvous. The call 
resulted in the assembling of a force which was 
organized into four regiments under command of 
Cols. John DeWitt, Jacob Fry, John Thomas and 
Samuel M. Thompson, together with a spy bat- 
talion under Maj. James D. Henry, an odd bat- 
talion under Maj. Thomas James and a foot 
battalion under Maj. Thomas Long. To these were 
subsequently added two independent battalions 
of mounted men, under command of Majors 
Isaiah Stillman and David Bailey, which were 



finally consolidated as the Fifth Regiment under 
command of Col. James Johnson. Tlie organiza 
tion of the first four regiments at Beardstown 
was completed by April 27, and the force under 
command of Brigadier-General Whiteside (but 
accompanied by Governor Re3'nolds, who was 
allowed pay as Major General by the General 
Government) began its march to Fort Armstrong,' 
arriving there May 7 and being mustered into the 
United States service. Among others accompany- 
ing the expedition who were then, or afterwards 
became, noted citizens of the State, were Vital 
Jarrot, Adjutant-General; Cyrus Edwards, Ord- 
nance Officer; Murray McConnel, Staff Officer, 
and Abraham Lincoln, Captain of a company of 
volunteers from Sangamon County in the Fourth 
Regiment. Col. Zachary Taylor, then commander 
of a regiment of regulars, arrived at Fort Arm- 
strong about the same time with reinforcements 
from Fort Leavenworth and Fort Crawford. The 
total force of militia amounted to 1,935 men, and 
of regulars about 1,000. An interesting story is 
told concerning a speech delivered to the volun- 
teers by Colonel Taylor about this time. After 
reminding them of their duty to obey an order 
promptly, tlie future hero of the Mexican War 
added: " The safety of all depends upon the obe- 
dience and courage of all. You are citizen sol- 
diers; some of you may fill high offices, or even be 
Presidents some day — but not if you refuse to do 
your duty. Forward, march!" A curious com- 
mentary upon this speech is furnished in the fact 
that, while Taylor himself afterwards became 
President, at least one of his hearers — a volunteer 
who probably then had no aspiration to that dis- 
tinction (Abraham Lincoln) — reached the same 
position during the most dramatic period in the 
nation's history. 

Two days after the arrival at Fort Armstrong, 
the advance up Rock River began, the main force 
of the volunteers proceeding by land under Gen- 
eral Whiteside, while General Atkinson, with 
400 regular and 300 volunteer foot soldiers, pro- 
ceeded by boat, carrying with him the artillery, 
provisions and bulk of the baggage. Whiteside, 
advancing by the east bank of the river, was the 
first to arrive at the Prophet's Town, wliich, 
finding deserted, he pushed on to Dixon's Ferry 
(now Dixon), where he arrived May 12. Here he 
found the independent battalions of Stillman and 
Bailey with ammunition and supplies of which 
Whiteside stood in need. The mounted battalions 
under command of Major Stillman, having been 
sent forward by Whiteside as a scouting part}', 
left Dixon on the 13th and, on the afternoon of 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



611 



the next day, went into oamp in a strong position 
near the mouth of Sycamore Creek. As soon dis- 
covered, Black Hawk was in camp at the same 
time, as he afterwards claimed, with about forty 
of his braves, on Sycamore Creek, tliree miles 
dist.int. while the gre.ater part of his band were en- 
camped with the more war-like faction of the Pot- 
tawatomies some seven miles farther north on the 
Kishwaukee River. As claimed by Black Hawk 
in his autobiography, having been disappointed in 
his expectation of forming an alliance with the 
Winnebagoes and the Pottawatomies. he had at 
this juncture determined to return to the west 
side of the Mississippi. Hearing of the arrival of 
Stillmau's command in the vicinity, ami taking 
it for granted that this was the whole of Atkin- 
son's command, he sent out three of his young 
men with a white flag, to arrange a parley and 
convey to Atkinson his offer to meet the latter in 
council. These were captured by some of Still- 
man's band regardless of their flag of truce, while 
a party of live other braves who followed to ob- 
serve the treatment received by the flagV)earers, 
were attacked and two of their number killed, the 
the other three escaping to their camp. Black 
Hawk learning the fate of his truce party was 
aroused to the fiercest indignation. Tearing the 
flag to pieces with which he had intended to go 
into council with the whites, and appealing to his 
followers to avenge the murder of their comrades, 
he prepareil for the attack. The rangers num- 
bered 27.5 men, while Black Hawk's band has been 
estimated at less than forty. As the rangers 
caught sight of the Indians, they ru.shed forward 
in pell-mell fashion. Retiring behind a fringe 
of bushes, the Indians awaited the attack. As 
the rangers approached, Black Hawk and his 
party rose up with a war whoop, at the same time 
opening fire on their assailants. The further 
liistory of the affair wa.s as much of a disgrace to 
Stillman's command as had been their desecra- 
tion of the flag of truce. Thrown into panic by 
their reception by Black Hawk's little band, the 
rangers turned and, without firing a shot, began 
the retreat, dashing through their own camp and 
abandoning everything, which fell into the bands 
of the Indians. An attempt was made by one or 
two officers and a few of their men to check the 
retreat, but without success, the bulk of the fu- 
gitives continuing their mad rush for .safety 
through the night until they reached Dixon, 
twent}--five miles distant, while many never 
stopped until they reached their homes, forty 
or fifty miles distant. The casualties to the 
itingers amounted to eleven killed and two 



wounded, while the Indian loss consisted "of two 
spies and one of the flag-bearers, treacherously 
killed near Stillman's camp, 'ihis ill-.starred af- 
fair, which has passed into history as "Stillman's 
defeat," produced a general panic along the fron- 
tier by inducing an exaggerated estimate of the 
strength of the Indian force, wliile it led Ulack 
Hawk to form a poor opinion of the courage cf 
the white troops at the same time that it led to 
an exalted estimate of the prowess of his own 
little bantl — thus becoming an imiMjrtant factor 
in prolonging the war and in the bloody massacres 
which followed. Whiteside, with his force of 
1.400 men, advanced to the scene of the defeat 
the next day and buried the dead, while on the 
19th, Atkinson, with his force of regulars, pro- 
ceeded up Rock River, leaving the remnant of 
Stillman's force to guard the wounded and sup- 
plies at Dixon. No sooner had lie left than the 
demoralized fugitives of a few days before de- 
serted their post for their homes, compelling At- 
kinson to return for the protection of his ba.se of 
supplies, while Whiteside was ordered to follow 
the trail of Black Hawk who had started up the 
Kishwaukee for the swamps aljout Lake Kosh- 
konong, nearly west of Milwaukee within the 
present State of Wisconsin. 

At this point the really active stage of the 
campaign began. Black Hawk, leaving the 
women and children of his band in the fastnesses 
of the swamps, divided his followers into two 
bands, retaining about 200 under his own com- 
mand, while the notorious half-breed, MikeGirty, 
ledaband of one hundred renegadePottawatomies. 
Returning to the vicinity of Rock Island, he 
gathered some recruits from the Pottawatomies 
and Winnebagoes, and the work of rapine and 
mas.sacre among the frontier settlers began. One 
of the most notable of these was the Indian 
Creek Massacre in LaSalle County, about twelve 
miles north of Ottawa, on May 21, when sixteen 
persons were killed at the Home of William 
Davis, and two young girls — Sylvia and Rachel 
Hall, aged, respectively, 17 and M years — were 
carried away captives. The girls were subse- 
quently released, having been ransomed for $2,000 
in horses and trinkets through a Winnebago 
Chief and surrendered to sub-agent Henry 
Gratiot. Great as was the emergencj- at this 
juncture, the volunteers began to manifest evi- 
dence of dissatisfaction and. claiming that they 
had served out their term of enlistment, refused 
to follow the Indians into the swamps of Wis- 
consin. As the result of a council of war, the 
volunteers were ordered to Ottawa, where they 



G12 



HISTOEICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



were mustered out on May 28, by Lieut. Robt. 
Anderson, afterwards General Anderson of Fort 
Sumter fame. Meanwhile Governor Reynolds bad 
issued his call (with that of 1831 the third,) for 
2,000 men to serve during tlie war. Gen. 
Winfield Scott was also ordered from the East 
with 1,000 regulars although, owing to cholera 
breaking out among the troops, they did not 
arri\-e in time to take part in the campaign. The 
rank and file of volunteers responding under the 
new call was 3,148, with recruits and regulars 
then in Illinois making an army of 4,000. Pend- 
ing the arrival of the troops under the new call, 
and to meet an immediate emergency, 300 men 
were enlisted from the disbanded rangers for a 
period of twenty days, and organized into a 
regiment under command of Col. Jacob Fry, 
with James D. Henry as Lieutenant Colonel and 
John Thomas as Major. Among those who en- 
listed as privates in this regiment were Brig.- 
Gen. Whiteside and Capt. Abraham Lincoln. A 
regiment of five companies, numbering 195 men, 
from Putnam County under command of Col. 
John Strawn, and another of eight companies 
from Vermilion County under Col. Isaac R. 
Moore, were organized and assigned to guard 
duty for a period of twenty days. 

The new volunteers were rendezvoused at Fort 
Wilbourn, nearly opposite Peru, June 15, and 
organized into three brigades, each consisting of 
three regiments and a spy battalion. The First 
Brigade (915 strong) \vas placed under command 
of Brig. -Gen. Alexander Posey, the Second 
under Gen. Milton K. Alexander, and the third 
under Gen. James D. Henry. Others who served 
as officers in some of these several organizations, 
and afterwards became prominent in State his- 
tory, were Lieut. -Col. Gurdon S. Hubbard of the 
Vermilion County regiment ; John A. McClern- 
and, on the staff of General Posey; Maj. John 
Dement ; then State Treasurer ; Stinson H. Ander- 
son, afterwards Lieutenant-Governor; Lieut. - 
Gov. Zadoc Casey; Maj., William McHenry; 
Sidney Breese (afterwards Judge of the State 
Supreme Court and United States Senator) ; W. 
L. D. Ewing (as Major of a spy battalion, after- 
wards United States Senator and State Auditor) ; 
Alexander W. Jenkins (afterwards Lieutenant- 
Governor) ; James W. Semple (afterwards United 
States Senator) ; and William Weatherford (after- 
wards a Colonel in the Mexican War), and many 
more. Of the Illinois troops, Posey's brigade 
was assigned to the duty of dispersing the Indians 
between Galena and Rock River, Alexander's sent 
to intercept Black Hawk up the Rook River, 



while Henry's remained with Gen. Atkinson at 
Dixon. During the next two weeks engage- 
ments of a more or less serious character were 
had on the Pecatonica on the southern border of 
the present State of Wisconsin ; at Apple River 
Fort fourteen miles east of Galena, which was 
successfully defended against a force under Black 
Hawk himself, and at Kellogg's Grove the next 
day (June 25), when the same band ambushed 
Maj. Dement's spy battalion, and came near in- 
flicting a defeat, which was prevented by 
Dement's coolness and the timely arrival of re- 
inforcements. In the latter engagement the 
whites lost five killed besides 47 horses which had 
been tetliered outside their lines, the loss of the 
Indians being sixteen killed. Skirmishes also 
occurred with varying results, at Plum River 
Fort, Burr Oak Grove, Sinsiniwa and Blue 
Mounds — the last two within the present State of 
Wisconsin. 

Believing the bulk of the Indians to be camped 
in the vicinity of Lake Koshkonong, General 
Atkinson left Dixon June 27 with a combined 
force of regulars and volunteers numbering 2,600 
men — the volunteers being under the command 
of General Henry. They reached the outlet of the 
Lake July 2, but found no Indians, being joined 
two days later by General Alexander's brigade, and 
on the Gtli by Gen. Posey's. From here the com- 
mands of Generals Henry and Alexander were 
sent for supplies to Fort Winnebago, at the Port- 
age of the Wisconsin ; Colonel Ewing, with the 
Second Regiment of Posey's brigade descending 
Rock River to Dixon, Posey with the remainder, 
going to Fort Hamilton for the protection of 
settlers in the lead-mining region, while Atkin- 
son, advancing with the regulars up Lake Koshko- 
nong, began the erection of temporary fortifica- 
tions on Bark River near the site of the present 
village of Fort Atkinson. At Fort Winnebago 
Alexander and Henry obtained evidence of the 
actual location of Black Hawk's camp through 
Pierre Poquette, a half-breed scout and trader 
in the employ of the American Fur Company, 
whom they employed with a number of Winne- 
bagos to act as guides. From this point Alex- 
ander's command returned to General Atkinson's 
headquarters, carrying with them twelve day's 
provisions for the main army, while General 
Henry's(600strong), with Major Dodge's battalion 
numbering 150, with an equal quantity of supplies 
for themselves, started under the guidance of 
Poquette and his Winnebago aids to find Black 
Hawk's camp. Arriving on the 18th at the 
Winnebago village on Rock River where Black 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



C13 



Hawk and his band liad been located, their camp 
was found deserted, tlie Winneljagos insisting 
tlvat tliey liad gone to Cranberry ( now Iloricon) 
Lake, a lialf-day's niarcli up the river. Messen- 
gers were immediately dispatclied to Atkinson's 
headqnartors, thirty-five miles distant, to ap- 
prise him of this fact. When they had proceeded 
about half the distance, they struck a broad, 
fresli trail, which proved to be that of Black 
Hawk's band headed westward toward the ilis- 
sissippi. The guide liaving de.serted them in 
order to warn his tribesmen that further dis- 
sembling to deceive the wliites as to 
the whereabouts of tlie Sacs was use- 
less, the messengers were compelled to follow 
him to General Henry's camp. The discovery pro- 
duced the wildest enthusiasm among the volun- 
teers, and from this time-events followed in rapid 
succession. Leaving as far as possible all incum- 
brances beliind, the pursuit of the fn^iiives was 
begun without delay, the troops wading through 
swamps sometimes in water to their armpits. 
Soon evidence of the character of the flight the 
Indians were making, in the sliapo of exhausted 
horses, blankets, and camp equipage cast aside 
along the trail, began to appear, and straggling 
bands of WinneVjagos, who had now begun to 
desert Black Hawk, gave information that the 
Indians were only a few miles in advance. On 
the evening of the 30th of July Henry's forces 
encamped at "The Four I^akes," the present 
site of the city of Madison, Wi.s. , Black Hawk's 
force lying in ambush the same night seven or 
eight miles distant. During the next afternoon 
the rear-guard of the Indians under Neapope was 
overtaken and skirmishing continued until the 
bluffs of the Wisconsin were reached. Black 
Hawk's avowed object was to protect the passage 
of the main body of his people across the stream. 
The loss of the Indians in these skirmishes has 
been estimated at 40 to 68. while Black Hawk 
claimed that it was only six killed, the loss of 
the whites being one killed and eight wounded. 
During the night Black Hawk succeeded in 
placing a considerable number of the women and 
children and old men on a raft and in canoes 
obtained from the Winnebagos, and sent them 
down the river, believing that, as non-combat- 
ants, they would be permitted by the regulars 
to pass Fort Crawford, at the mouth of the Wis- 
consin, undisturbed. In this he wa-s mistaken. 
A force sent from the fort under Colonel Ritner to 
intercept them, fired mercilessly upon the help- 
less fugitives, killing fifteen of their number, 
while about fifty were drowned and thirty-two 



women ami children made prisoners. The re- 
mainder, escaping into the woods, with few ex- 
ceptions died from starvation and exposure, or 
were massacred by their enemies, the Menomi- 
nees, acting under white officers. During the 
night after the battle of Wisconsin Heights, a 
loud, shrill voice of .some one speaking in an un- 
known tongue was heard in the direction where 
Black Hawk's band was supposed to be. This 
caused something of a panic in Henry's camp, as 
it was supposed to come from some one giving 
orders for an attack. It was afterwards learned 
that the speaker was Neapope speaking in the 
Winnebago language in the hope that he might 
be heard by Poquette and the Winnebago guides. 
He was describing the helpless condition of his 
people, claiming that the war had been forced 
upon them, that their women and children were 
starving, and that, if permitted peacefully to re- 
cross the Mississippi, they would give no further 
trouble. Unfortunately Poquette and the other 
guides had left for Fort Winnebago, so that no 
one was there to translate Neapope's appeal and 
it failed of its object. 

General Henry 's force having discovered that the 
Indians had escaped — Black Hawk heading with 
the bulk of his warriors towards the Mississippi — 
spent the next and day night on the field, but on 
the foUowingday (July 23) started to meet General 
Atkinson, who had, in the meantime, been noti- 
fied of the pursuit. The head of their columns 
met at Blue Mounds, the same evening, a com- 
plete junction between the regulars and the 
volunteers being effected at Helena, a deserted 
village on the Wisconsin. Here by using the 
logs of the deserted cabins for rafts, the army 
crossed the river on the 27th and the 28th and the 
pursuit of black Hawk's fugitive band was re- 
newed. Evidence of their famishing condition 
was found in the trees stripped of bark for food_ 
the carcasses of dead ponies, with here and there 
the dead body of an Indian. 

On August 1, Black Hawk's depleted and famish- 
ing band reached the Mississippi two miles below 
the mouth of the Bad Ax, an insignificant 
stream, and immediately began trying to cross 
the river ; but having only two or three canoes, 
the work was slow. About the middle of the 
afternoon the steam transport, "Warrior," ap- 
peared on the scene, having on board a score of 
regulars and volunteers, returning from a visit 
to the village of the Sioux Chief, Wabasha, to 
notify him that his old enemies, the Sacs, were 
headed in that direction. Black Hawk raised the 
white flag in token of surrender but the ofiSoer 



614 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OP ILLINOIS. 



In command claiming that he feared treachery or 
an ambush, demanded that Black Hawk should 
come on board. This he was unable to do, as he 
had no canoe. After waiting a few minutes a 
murderous fire of canister and musketry was 
opened from the steamer on the few Indians on 
shore, who made such feeble resistance as they 
were able. The result was the killing of one 
white man and twenty-three Indians. After this 
exploit the "Warrior" proceeded to Prairie du 
Chien, twelve or fifteen miles distant, for fuel. 
During the night a few more of the Indians 
crossed the river, but Black Hawk, seeing the 
hopelessness of further resistance, accompanied 
by the Prophet, and taking with him a party of 
ten warriors and thirty-five squaws and children, 
fled in the direction of "the dells" of the Wis- 
consin. On the morning of the 2d General Atkinson 
arrived within four or five miles of the Sac 
position. Disposing his forces with the regulars 
and Colonel Dodge's rangers in the center, the brig- 
ades of Posey and Alexander on the right and 
Henry's on the left, he began the pursuit, but 
was drawn by the Indian decoj'S up the river 
from the place where the main body of the 
Indians were trying to cross the stream. This 
had the effect of leaving General Henry in the rear 
practically without orders, but it became the 
means of making his command the prime factors 
in the climax which followed. Some of the spies 
attached to Henry's command having accidental- 
ly discovered the trail of the main body of the fu- 
gitives, he began the pursuit without waiting for 
orders and soon found himself engaged with some 
300 savages, a force nearly equal to his own. It 
was here that the only thing like a regular battle 
occurred. Tlie savages fought with the fury of 
despair, while Henry's force was no doubt nerved 
to greater deeds of courage by the insult which 
they conceived had been put upon them by Gen- 
eral Atkinson. Atkinson, hearing the battle in 
progress and discovering that he was being led 
off on a false scent, soon joined Henry's force 
with his main army, and the steamer " Warrior," 
arriving from Prairie du Chien. opened a fire of 
canister upon the pent-up Indians. The battle 
soon degenerated into a massacre. In the course 
of the three hours through which it lasted, it is es- 
timated that 150 Indians were killed by fire from 
the troops, an equal number of both sexes and 
all ages drowned while attempting to cross the 
river or by being driven into it, while about 50 
(chiefly women and children) were made prison- 
ers. The loss of the whites was 20 killed and 13 
wounded. When the " liattle " was nearing its 



close it is said that Black Hawk, having repented 
the abandonment of his people, returned within 
sight of the battle-ground, but seeing the slaugh- 
ter in progress which he was powerless to avert, he 
turned and, with a howl of rage and horror, fled 
into the forest. About 300 Indians {mostly non- 
combatants) succeeded in crossing the river in a 
condition of exhaustion from hunger and fatigue, 
but these were set upon by the Sioux under Chief 
Wabasha, through the suggestion and agency of 
General Atkinson, and nearly one-half tlieir num- 
ber exterminated. Of the remainder many died 
from wounds and exhaustion, while still others 
perished while attempting to reach Keokuk's band 
who had refused to join in Black Hawk's desper- 
ate venture. Of one thousand who crossed to the 
east side of the river with Black Hawk in April, 
it is estimated that not more than 150 survived 
the tragic events of the next four months. 

General Scott, having arrived at Prairie du Chien 
early in August, assumed command and, on 
August 15, mustered out the volunteers at Dixon, 
111. After witnessing the bloody climax at the 
Bad Axe of his ill-starred invasion, Black Hawk 
fled to the dells of the Wisconsin, where he and 
the Prophet surrendered themselves to the Win. 
nebagos, by whom they were delivered to the 
Indian Agent at Prairie du Chien. Having been 
taken to Fort Armstrong on September 21, he 
there signed a treaty of peace. Later he was 
taken to Jefferson Barracks (near St. Louis) in 
the custody of Jefferson Davis, then a Lieutenant 
in the regular army, where he was held a captive 
during the following winter. The connection of 
Davis with the Black Hawk War, mentioned by 
many historians, seems to have been confined to 
this act. In April, 1833, with the Prophet and 
Neapope, he was taken to Washington and then 
to Fortress Monroe, where they were detained as 
prisoners of war until June 4, when they were 
released. Black Hawk, after being taken to many 
principal cities in order to impress him with the 
strength of the American nation, was brought to 
Fort Armstrong, and there committed to the 
guardianship of his rival, Keokuk, but survived 
this humiliation only a few years, dying on a 
small reservation set apart for him in Davis 
County, Iowa, October 3, 1838. 

Such is the story of the Black Hawk War, the 
most notable struggle with the aborigines in Illi- 
nois history. At its beginning both the State 
and national authorities were grossly misled by 
an exaggerated estimate of the .strength of Black 
Hawk's force as to numbers and his plans for 
recovering the site of his old village, while 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



G15 



Black Hawk liad conceived a low estimate of the 
numbers and courage of his white enemies, es- 
pecially after the Stilhnan defeat. The cost of 
the war to the State and nation in money has been 
estimated at $2,000,000, and in sacrifice of life 
on l)oth sides at not less than 1,200. The loss of 
life by the troops in irregular .skirmishes, and in 
mas.sacres of settlers bj- the Indians, aggregated 
about 250, while an equal number of regulars 
perished from a visitation of cholera at the 
various stations within the district affected bj' 
the war, especially at Detroit, Chicago, Fort 
Arm.strong and Galena. Yet it is the judgment 
of later historians that nearly all this sacrilice of 
life and treasure might have been avoided, but 
for a series of blunders due to the blind or un- 
scrupulous policy of officials or interloping squat- 
ters upon lands which the Indians had occupied 
under the treaty of 1804. A conspicious blunder — 
to call it by no harsher name — was 
the violation by Stillman's command of the 
rules of civilized warfare in the attack made 
up<3n Black Hawk's messengers, sent under 
flag of truce to request a conference to settle 
terms under which he might return to the west 
side of the Mississippi — an act which resulted in 
a humiliating and disgraceful defeat for , its 
authors and proved the first step in actual war. 
Another misfortune was the failure to understand 
Neapope's appeal for peace and permission for his 
people to pass beyond the Mississippi the niglit 
after the battle of Wisconsin Heights; and the 
third and most inexcusable blunder of all, was 
the refusal of the officer in command of the 
"Warrior" to respect Black Hawk's flag of truce 
and request for a conference just before the 
bloody massacre which has gone into history 
under the name of the '' battle of the Bad Axe." 
Either of these events, properly availed of, would 
have prevented much of the butchery of that 
blood}' episode which has left a stain upon the 
page of hi.story, although this statement implies 
no disposition to detract from the patriotism and 
courage of some of the leading actors upon whom 
the responsibility was placed of protecting the 
frontier settler from outrage and massacre. One 
of the features of the war was the bitter jealousy 
engendered by the unwise policy pursued by 
General Atkinson towards some of the volun- 
teers — especially the treatment of General James 
D. Henrj', who. althougli subjected to repeated 
slights and insults, is regarded by Governor Ford 
and others as the real hero of the war. Too 
brave a soldier to shirk any responsibility and 
too modest to exploit his own deeds, he felt 



deeply the studied purpose of his superior to 
ignore him in the conduct of the campaign — a 
purpose which, as in the affair at the Bad Axe, 
was defeated by accident or by (ieneral Henry's 
soldierly sagacity and attention to dut}-, although 
he gave out to the public; no utterance of com- 
plaint. Broken in health by the hardships and 
exposures of the campaign, he went South soon 
after the war and died of consumption, unknown 
and almost alone, in the city of New Orleans, less 
two years later. 

Aside frora contemporaneous newspaper ac- 
counts, monographs, and manuscripts on file 
in public libraries relating to this epoch in State 
history, the most comprehensive records of the 
Black Hawk War are to be found in the " Life of 
Black Hawk," dictated by himself (1834) ; Wake- 
field's "History of the War between the United 
States and the Sac and Fox Nations" (1834); 
Drake's " Life of Black Hawk " (1854) ; Ford's 
"History of Illinois" (1854); Reynolds' "Pio- 
neer History of Illinois; and " 5Iy Own Times"; 
Davidson & Stuve's an<l Moses' Histories of Illi- 
nois; Blanchard's " The Northwest and Chicago": 
Armstrong's "The Sauks and the Black Hawk 
War, " and Reuben G. Thwaite's "Story of the 
Black Hawk War" (1892.) 

CHICAGO HEIGHTS, a village in the southern 
part of Cook County, twenty -eight miles south of 
the central part of Chicago, on the Chicago & 
Eastern Illinois, the Elgin, Joliet & Eastern and 
the Michigan Central Railroads; is located in an 
agricultural region, but has some manufactures 
as well as good schools — also has one newspaper. 
Population (1900), 5,100. 

GRANITE, a city of Madison Count}', located 
five miles north of St. Louis on the lines of the 
Burlington; the Chicago & Alton; Cleveland, 
Cincinuati, Chicago & St. Louis; Chicago, Peoria 
& St. Louis (Illinois), and the Wabash R<ailways. 
It is adjacent to the Merchants' Terminal Bridge 
across the Mississippi and has considerable manu- 
facturing and grain-storage business; has two 
new.spapers. Population (1900), 3,12'2. 

HAKLEM, a village of Proviso Township, Cook 
County, and suburb of Chicago, on the line of the 
Chicago & Northwestern Railroad, nine miles 
west of the terminal station at Chicago. Harlem 
originally embraced the village of Oak Park, now 
a part of the city of Chicago, but, in 1884, was set 
off and incorporated as a village. Considerable 
manufacturing is done here. Population (1900), 
4,085. 

HARVEY, a city of Cook County, and an im- 
portant manufacturing suburb of the city of Chi- 



616 



HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 



cago, three miles southwest of the southern city 
limits. It is on the Hue of the Illinois Central 
and the Chicago & Grand Trunk Railways, and 
has extensive manufactures of harvesting, street 
and steam railway machinery, gasoline stoves, 
enameled ware, etc. ; also has one newspaper and 
ample school facilities. Population (1900), 5,395. 

IOWA CENTRAL RAILWAY, a railway line 
having its principal termini at Peoria, 111., and 
Manly Junction, nine miles north of Mason City, 
Iowa, with several lateral branches making con- 
nections with Centerville, Newton, State Center, 
Story City, Algona and Northwood in the latter 
State. The total length of line owned, leased 
and operated by the Company, officially reported 
in 1899, was 508.98 miles, of which 89.76 miles- 
including 3.5 miles trackage facilities on the 
Peoria & Pekin Union between Iowa Junction 
and Peoria — were in Illinois. Tlie Illinois divi- 
sion extends from Keithsburg — where it enters 
the State at the crossing of the Mississippi — to 
Peoria, — (History.) The Iowa Central Railway 
Company was originally chartered as the Central 
Railroad Company of Iowa and the road com- 
pleted in October, 1871. In 1878 it passed into 
the hands of a receiver and, on June 4, 1879, was 
reorganized under the name of the Central Iowa 
Railway Company. In May, 1883, this company 
purchased the Peoria & Farmington Railroad, 
which was incorporated into the main line, but 
defaulted and passed into the hands of a receiver 
December 1, 1886; the line was sold under fore- 
closure in 1887 and 1888, to the Iowa Central 
Railway Company, which had effected a new 
organization on the basis of §11,000,000 common 
stock, §6,000,000 preferred stock and §1,879,625 
temporary debt certificates convertible into pre- 
ferred stock, and §7,500,000 first mortgage bonds. 
The transaction was completed, the receiver dis- 
charged and the road turned over to the new 
company, May 15, 1889.— (Financial). The total 
capitalization of the road in 1899 was §21,337,558, 
of which §14,159,180 was in stock, §6,650,095 in 
bonds and §528,283 in other forms of indebtedness. 
The total earnings and income of the line in Illi- 
nois for the same year were §582,568, and tlie ex- 
penditures §566,833. 

SPARTA, a city of Randolph County, situated 
on the Centralia & Chester and the Mobile & 
Ohio Railroads, twenty miles northwest of Ches- 
ter and fifty miles southeast of St. Louis. It has 



a number of manufacturing establishments, in- 
cluding plow factories, a woolen mill, a cannery 
and creameries; also has natural gas. The first 
settler was James McClurken, from South Caro- 
lina, who settled here in 1818. He was joined by 
James Armour a few years later, who bought 
land of McClurken, and together they laid out 
a village, which first received the name of Co- 
lumbus. About the same time Robert G. Shan- 
non, who had been conducting a mercantile busi- 
ness in the vicinity, located in the town and 
became the first Postmaster. In 1839 the name 
of the town was changed to Sparta. Mr. McClur- 
ken, its earliest settler, appears to have been a 
man of considerable enterprise, as he is credited 
with having built the first cotton gin in this vi- 
cinity, besides still later, erecting saw and flour 
mills and a woolen mill. Sparta was incorporated 
as a village in 1837 and in 1859 as a cit_y. A col- 
ony of members of the Reformed Presbyterian 
Church (Covenanters or "Seceders") established 
at Eden, a beautiful site about a mile from 
Sparta, about 1822, cut an important figure in 
the history of the latter place, as it became the 
means of attracting here an industrious and 
thriving population. At a later period it became 
one of the most important stations of the "Under- 
ground Railroad" (so called) in Illinois (which 
see). The population of Sparta (1890) was 1,979; 
(1900), 2,041. 

TOLUCA, a city of Marshall County situated 
on the line of the Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe 
Railroad, 18 miles sonthwest of Streator. It is in 
the center of a rich agricultural district ; has the 
usual church and educational facilities of cities 
of its rank, and two newspapers. Population 
(1900), 2,629. 

WEST HAMMOND, a village situated in the 
northeast corner of Thornton Township, Cook 
County, adjacent to Hammond, Ind. , from which 
it is separated by the Indiana State line. It is on 
the Michigan Central Railroad, one mile south of 
the Chicago City limits, and has convenient ac- 
cess to several other lines, including the Chicago 
& Erie; New York, Chicago & St. Louis, and 
Western Indiana Railroads. Like its Indiana 
neighbor, it is a manufacturing center of much 
importance, was incorporated as a village in 
1892, and has grown rapidly within the last few 
years, having a population, according to the cen- 
sus of 1900, of 2,935. 



McDONOUGH COUNTY 



M'DONOUGH COUNTY 



vienoe:rson'~~n countv 




SCMUTLER 




i/fer^ /// 2ji^o<^^i^ 



'ey: 



HISTORY OF McDONOUOH COUNTY. 



CHAPTER I. 



THE BEGIXXIXG— DEVELOPMENT. 



FIRST WHITE VISITORS TO ILI.IXOIS — EXPLOHATIONN 

OK .lOLIET AND .MAKQIETTE I.N 1673 t-ONOITIONS 

AT THE EXPIRATION OK A CENTURY OK OCCl'I-A- 

TION BBIEK PEKIOU OK BRITISH DOMINION — 

TRAXSITIOX WROUGHT BY THE GEORGE ROGERS 
CLARK CONIjUEST — THE ILLINOIS COUNTY OK VIR- 
GINIA — ORnlNANCES OF 1784 AND 1787 — ILLINOIS 
INOEH TERRITORIAL .IIRISUICTION — STATE GOV- 
ERNMENT ESTABLISHED — BOUNDARIES — FORE- 
SIGHT OK DELEGATE NATHANIEL POPE AND ITS 
MARVELOUS RESULTS — STATE CONSTITUTIONAL 
CONVENTIONS — A LIEUTENANT GOVERNOR IN THE 
ROLE OF A USURPER AGRICULTURAL AND MIN- 
ERAL RESOURCES — BANKING AND RAILROAD INTER- 
ESTS — MANUFACTURING STATISTICS. 

The following short and authentic history 
of Illinois, after the coming of the first white 
explorers, is presented in condensed form from 
the records of the State at Springfield, as com- 
piled by Hon. James A. Rose, Secretary of 
State, to whom we arc indebted: 

The French in Illinois 1()73-17(;5.— The first 
European visitors to Illinois, of whom we have 
any certain knowledge, wore Louis Joliet, who 
represented the French Governor at Quebec, 
and Father Marquette, the Jesuit missionary. 
In 1673 these two men together explored the 
Mississippi and the Illinois Rivers. The dis- 
coveries were soon followed by actual occupa- 
tion, and the country remained under French 
control until 1765. .Missions, trading ijosts and 
1 



forts were set up at various places, but at the 
close of the French period, the only substantial 
result of French colonization was a group of 
five villages on or near the Mississippi, ex- 
tending from Cahokia on the north to Kaskaskia 
on the south, with not more than two or three 
thousand inhabitants in all. The Illinois colony, 
though founded from Quebec, was annexed in 
1717 to the Province of Louisiana and gov- 
erned by commandants sent up from New Or- 
leans. 

British Dominion, 1765-78. — At the close of 
the last French war in 1763, the Illinois coun- 
try, with the rest of the Northwest, was ceded 
to Great Britain. Owing, however, to the Indi- 
an troubles connected with Pontiac's conspir- 
acy, the British were not able to take posses- 
sion until 1765. During tre next thirteen years 
the colony was governed by Britisii officers, but 
there was very little English immigration. In 
1778 George Rogers Clark, acting under a com- 
mission from Governor Patrick Henry, of Vir 
ginia, captured Kaskaskia and the adjoining 
villages. In 1779 he secured the conquest by 
the capture of Vincennes, and, in 1783, the 
final treaty of peace with Great Britain recog- 
nized the Illinois Country as a part of the 
United States. 

The Illinois County of Virginia, 1778-84. — 
Under the charter of 1709. supported by Clark's 
conquest, Virginia laid claim to all the country 
north and west of the Ohio River and organ- 
ized it as the "County of Illinois;" in 1779 Cap- 
tain John Todd assumed office as Commandant 
and organized a government under the author- 
ity of Virginia. This government of the Old 
Dominion soon went to pieces, and, in 17S4, 
V'irginia finally surrendered her claim over this 
territory to the I'nited States. Soon afterward 



6i8 



' HISTORY OF Mcdonough county. 



Massachusetts and Connecticut ceded their 
claims to the National Government, covering 
territory in Northern Illinois. 

Illinois Unuer Territorhl Government. — 
The first act of Congress for the government 
of the Northwest Territory (including Illinois), 
was the Ordinance of 1784, which, however, 
never went into actual effect. In 1785 Con- 
gress passed the Land Ordinance establishing 
the township survey system, and two years 
later adopted the famous Ordinance of 1787. 
This provided for a territorial form of govern- 
ment for the whole country north and west of 
the Ohio River, but also provided that it 
should ultimately be transformed Into States 
on an equality with the original thirteen. The 
western, southern and eastern boundaries of 
Illinois were fixed, after the organization of 
Indiana, as they are at present; hut it was 
left optional with Congress either to give the 
State a nortnerly extension to the Canadian 
boundary, or to form another commonwealth 
north of a line drawn through the southerly 
bend of Lake Michigan. Other important 
clauses of the ordinance were those which 
prohibited slavery and provided for the en- 
couragement of education. 

Government under ttlis ordinance was insti- 
tuted by Governor St. Clair at Marietta, within 
the present limits of the State of Ohio, but it 
was not until 1790 that the Illinois Country 
was organized as St. Clair County and re- 
ceived a regular local government. By act of 
Congress, passed May 7, 1800, the Northwest 
Territory was divided into two districts, and 
Illinois, with Indiana, Wisconsin and parts of 
Michigan and Minnesota, was included in the 
new Indiana Territory, under William Henry 
Harrison as Governor. In February, 1809, Illi- 
nois Territory was organized, including, be- 
sides the present State of Illinois, the territory 
now embraced within the State of Wisconsin 
and that part of Minnesota which lies east of 
the Mississippi River. This Territory, as first 
organized, was without representation, the 
Governor and Judges forming the legislative 
body: but in 1812, — the number of tree male 
inhabitants of 21 years and upward, having 
then reached 5,000, as required by the Ordi- 
nance of 1787 and repeated in the act of Con- 
gress of 1809 — ^a representative Legislature 
was organized consisting of a House of Repre- 
sentatives and a Legislative Council. 



During the early years of Territorial Gov- 
ernment the growth of population was very 
slow. A considerable number of the French 
inhabitants had crossed the Mississippi in or- 
der to escape British and American rule, but 
the immigration from the East was so small 
that, in 1800, there were probably not more 
than two or three thousand whites living with- 
in the present limits of Illinois. This was 
partly due to the presence of Indians, for, un- 
der the treaty of Greenville made by General 
Wayne in 1795, only a very small part of Illi- 
nois was opened to white settlers. Gradually 
these obstacles were overcome. Congress final- 
ly provided a means for the settlement of dis- 
puted land titles; in 1804 a land office was es- 
tablished at Kaskaskia, and in 1813 Congress 
passed a pre-emption law giving the prefer- 
ence in land sales to actual settlers. Under 
these more favorable conditions immigrants 
began to arrive more rapidly, especially from 
the southern- border States and from Pennsyl- 
vania. Finally, on the 7th of April, 1818, Con- 
gress passed the Enabling Act authorizing the 
creation of a new State Government. In Au- 
gust a State Constitution was adopted. State 
officers were elected, and, by the end of the 
year, Illinois was formally admitted into the 
Union. 

BorxDABiES OF THE New St.vte. — At this 
time, and during the pendency of the act of 
Congress admitting Illinois into the Union, in 
the question of settling the boundaries was 
involved a serious anticipation that, at some 
future time, a Southern Confederacy might 
be formed, from the fact that a large majority 
of the inhabitants were originally from slave 
States and doubtless would, from ties of blood 
and education, be favorable to such a consum- 
mation. The members of Congress from Mas- 
sachusetts, Connecticut and New York had al- 
ways jealously watched the incoming of new 
States, and determined that no new Territory 
should have slavery — or, as they termed it, 
"Free Soil" should be the paramount qualifica- 
tion of becoming a member of the Union. 
Hence their zealous desire that the. northern 
boundary of Illinois should extend as far north 
as possible, taking into ccrsideration the boun- 
daries clearly defined by nature. The bill was 
introduced, April 7. 1S18, designating the north- 
ern boundary of the State to be "an east and 
west line drawn through the southern bend 



HISTORY OF Mcdonough counts". 



619 



or extremity of Lake Michigan west, along the 
north parallel of 40 degrees. 39 minutes, to tho 
center of the Mississi|)i)i River. " Nathaniel 
Pope, who was at that time the Delegate from 
Illinois Territory in Congress, introduced an 
amendment, which was promptly apj)roved by 
the Eastern members, to the effect that "the 
eastern boundary of the proposed new State, 
upon reaching the northwest corner of Indiana, 
shall turn due east and be extended to the mid- 
dle of Lake Michigan, and thence north along 
the middle of the lake to north latitude 42 de- 
grees, 30 minutes, and thence west to the cen- 
ter of the Mississippi River.'" 

The bill, with this amendment, forever set- 
tled the following boundaries for the State of 
Illinois: "Beginning at the mouth of the Wa- 
bash River, thence up same, and with the line 
of Indiana, to the northwestern corner of said 
State, thence east with the line of the same 
State to the middle of Lake Michigan, thence 
north along the middle of said lake to north 
latitude 42 degrees and 30 minutes, thence 
west to the middle of the Mississippi River, 
thence down along the middle of said river to 
its confluence with the Ohio River, and thence 
up this latter river, along its northwestern 
shore, to the beginning; provided, however, 
that this State shall exercise such jurisdic- 
tion uix)n the Ohio River as she is now entitled 
to. or such as may be hereafter agreed upon 
by this State and the State of Kentucky." 

This amendment to the act defining the 
boundaries of the State added to the same 
an area embracing what now constitutes 
fourteen of the richest and most populous 
counties within its confines, and. doubtless, in 
great measure was the means by which Illi- 
nois was saved from joining a Southern Con- 
federacy — which prophecy was uttered and 
acted u|X)n. four-score years ago, when the 
bin for creating the State was under discus- 
sion. 

An incident may here be recited, illustrative 
of the mixed condition of the first boundaries 
of the State and how necessary it was that 
they should be defined. Adolphus T. Hubbard, 
who was later Lieutenant-Governor under Gov- 
ernor Coles, came into Shawneetown unher- 
alded and unknown — evidently a tramp, or, as 
the French put it, a "voyageur," doing odd 
jobs and earning a precarious living. But he 
settled in that town, ready for business of any 



kind; and evidently he had some knowledge 
of the law, as the sequel indicates. Now, a 
resident of Shawneetown saw a hog in the 
Ohio River, and. being desirous of fresh pork, 
saved it from drowning — and had his pork. 
The owner of the animal had the man arrested 
for larceny and brought before a Justice of 
the Peace. Mr. Hubbard at once proffered his 
services as attorney for the defendant, and the 
excitement over the trial quickly spread among 
the few inhabitants of the village. When the 
case was called Hubbard stated that the Shaw- 
neetown Justice had no jurisdiction, alleging 
that the Ohio River was controlled by Ken- 
tucky; and he sustained his position by a read- 
ing of the State boundaries as then in force. 
The finder of the hog was promptly discharged, 
to the great delight of the prisoner and his 
attorney. Subsequently, as has been seen, the 
question of jurisdiction was settled by naming 
the center of tne Ohio River as the boundary 
between Illinois and Kentucky. 

Subsequently to the triumphant acquittal of 
his hog client, Hubbard became immensely 
popular among the citizens of the young State 
— so much so that, in 1822, he was elected 
Lieutenant-Governor of Illinois at the same time 
with the election of Governor Coles. He prov- 
ed such a zealous and thoughtful officer that, 
during his term of office, the Governor having 
occasion to be absent from the State, invited 
his subordinate to assume charge of the af- 
fairs of the State during his absence. The 
ambitious acting executive fell so deeply in 
love with his office that, when Governor Coles 
returned from his visit, he refused to vacate 
it. alleging that the latter had remained out- 
side the limits of the State so long that he 
had no further claim upon the gubernatorial 
chair. Hubbard's interpretation of the law 
caused much hilarity; nevertheless, the elected 
head of the State government was obliged to 
resort to court proceedings to resume his offi- 
cial functions. 

Cox\'EXTiox OF 1818. — This body assembled 
at Kaskaskia in July. 1818; framed a constitu- 
tion and adjourned on August 26th. of that 
year. The constitution was adopted simply by 
act of the Convention, without being submitted 
to the people, and approved by Congress De- 
cember 3. 1818. There were only fifteen coun- 
ties regularly organized at this time, McDon- 



620 



HISTORY OF McDOXOUGH COUNTY. 



ough County then not being in existence, the 
territory embraced within its limits being a 
part of Madison County, but without any white 
settlements. 

The Convextiox of 1S47 convened at Spring- 
field June 7, 1847, and adjourned August 31st, 
following. There were present 162 delegates, 
representing 99 counties, of which one (High- 
land), which had previously been a part of 
Adams, reverted to that county on the failure to 
secure a permanent organization through lack 
of a popular vote. Zadock Casey was President 
pro tern., and Newton Cloud Permanent Presi- 
dent. James M. Campbell and John Huston, 
together with Abner C. Harding, of Monmouth, 
represented McDonough and Warren Coun- 
ties. The Constitution adopted was ratified 
by the people March 6, 1848, and went in force 
April 1st of the same year. 

CoNVEXTio.x OF 1S62. — This convention as- 
sembled at Springfield January 7, 1S62, and 
adjourned on March 24th. The President pro 
tern, was John Dement, and the Permanent 
President William Hacker, of Union County. 
Joseph C. Thompson, of Macomb, represented 
McDonough County. This convention was held 
during the bitterest period of the War of Se- 
cession, and much acrimony was manifest 
throughout. During the session several ob- 
jectionable measures were adopted; hence, 
when the Constitution, as evolved from that 
antagonistic body, was submitted to the people 
at the election of June 17, 1862, it was rejected 
by a decided majority. 

The Co.wextiox of 1869-70 convened at 
Springfield on December 13th, of the year first 
named, and adjourned May 13, 1S70. Eighty- 
five delegates attended this Convention, John 
Dement being again the President pro tern,., 
succeeded by Charles Hitchcock as permanent 
presiding officer. William H. Neece, of Ma- 
comb, was the delegate from McDonough 
County. Next to the Convention which framed 
the Constitution under which Illinois entered 
the Union, this proved to be the most important 
Constitutional Convention ever held in the 
State. Many of the most prominent men and 
lawyers of the Commonwealth were delegates, 
such as O. H. Browning, of Quincy: Milton 
Hay (Lincoln's partner), of Springfield; Onias 



C. Skinner, former Judge of the Supreme 
Court; Lewis W. Ross, of Lewistown, member 
of Congress; Joseph Medill, of the Chicago 
Tribune, and Elijah M. Haines, afterward 
Speaker of the House of Representatives. Very 
radical measures were presented and adopted, 
among others being the "minority representa- 
tion" scheme in the choice of members of the 
Legislature, and the elimination of all special 
legislation — which, at this date, are leading 
features of the present ccnstitution. 

Ecoxo.Mic Resol'rces of Illinois. — Of the 
varied economic resources of the State of Illi- 
nois, only those which are of supreme impor- 
tance to the State as a whole, such as agricul- 
ture, mining, banking, trarsportation and man- 
ufacturing, will be briefly reviewed, as there 
will continue to be a change of figures, from 
decade to decade, in accordance with their 
certain growth. 

Agriculture, it is needless to say, is one of 
the greatest industries of the State. The large 
yield of those crops for which the natural 
conditions are so admirably adapted, makes 
ample amends for whatever deficiency there 
may be in the variety of products. In 1900, 
out of the total acreage of 32,794,728 in the 
State, 27,699,219 acres— nearly 85 per cent- 
were improved lands. In the value of farm 
property Illinois (1900) lenas the list of States 
with a total of $2,004,316,897. The improved 
acreage of the State, in 1902, was divided 
among the various leading crops as follows: 
Wheat, 1,774,329 bushels; oats, 3,747,956 bush- 
els; corn, 8,201,312 bushels; hay, 2,667,252 tons; 
rye, 113,836 bushels; barley, 28,874 bushels, 
with 4,581,045 acres in pasture. In 1900. of 
the 90,947,370 pounds of broom-corn produced 
in the United States, Illinois was credited with 
60,665,520. Her hay and forage crops amount- 
ed to 3,948,563 tons, and 256,213 acres were de- 
voted to the growing of vegetables, valued at 
$10,346,797. The production of apples amount- 
ed to 9,178,150 bushels. 

Of the natural products, the next in impor- 
tance to those of agriculture is coal; and only 
one State in the Union surpasses Illinois in 
the value of coal actuall;, mined. All of her 
output is of the bituminous variety, the value 
of which (at the mines) varies from $1.35 per 
ton, for lump coal, to 37 cents for pea coal. The 
total output of the State for 1901 was 26,635,- 





^c:^^c.c^~r^ 



HISTORY OF Mcdonough couxtv. 



621 



319 tons, compared with 15,660.698 tons in 
1891, an increase in ten years of nearly 11.- 
000,000 tons, or over 70 per cent. It is a sig- 
niflcant fact, as showing the distribution of 
coal in the State, that out of the one hundred 
and two counties, fifty-three are coal produc- 
ing. 

The banking interests of the State deserve 
notice, as especially showing its industrial ac- 
tivity. In 1902, the number of National Banks 
in Illinois was 27i, with a capitalization of $38,- 
111.087 and a surplus of ?15.205,712. The num- 
ber of State banks for th*' same year was 163, 
with a capital of $9,027,500 and a surplus of 
$2,308,100. The 638 private banks were capi- 
talized at $13,012,153, with a surplus of $2.- 
557.302. There were also twenty-two loan and 
trust companies, with a capital of $12,430,000 
and a surplus of $6,729,600, making a grand 
total of 1,094 banking institutions in the State, 
with a capital of $72,580,740 and a surplus of 
$26,800,714. As compared with 1890. an in- 
crease is shown in each of these items of near- 
ly 200 per cent. 

The railroad interests of Illinois are in keep- 
ing with its other industrial progress. Chiefly 
on account of tne abundant supplies of bitumi- 
nous coal throughout the State, mining, manu- 
facturing and railroads have developed togeth- 
er. According to the Report of the Railway 
and Warehouse Commission for 1905, the total 
mileage of main lines of steam railroads 
amounted to 11,641.50. not including 8.428.65 
miles of side, industrial and yard tracks — 
which increased the total trackage to 20,070.15 
miles. The total capitalization of these lines 
was $4,503,611,469, amounting to an average 
of $60,271 per mile. During the same year the 
number of employes on the Illinois railroads 
was 115.407. receiving wages amounting to $72.- 
078.397.24. Tne tons of freight carried aggre- 
gated 123.584,087, and the number of passen- 
gers, 53,547,290 — the receipts from the former 
amounting to $88,004,280, and from the latter, 
$31,861,461 — making a total from these sources 
of $119,865,741. During the decade the earn- 
ings had increased lOo per cent. According to 
the same report the mileage of electric lines 
for the same year was 762.79. and is being rap- 
idly extended. 

A great expansion of tht resources and ener- 
gies of the State is now progressing in the 
line of manufactures. In the amount of capi- 



tal invested in this department of industries 
Illinois ranks fourth among the States, the fig- 
ures being $776,828,598 in 1900. as against 
$140,652,966 in 18S0. In the number of wage 
earners dependent upon the manufactories, the 
State also ranks fourth, with a total of 395,110 
employes, and earnings of $191,510,962. The 
cost of materials used was $739,754,414, and 
the per capita production of manufactured 
goods exceeded $250. During the last six yearss 
the aggregate in these departments has been 
greatly increased. Illinois ranks first among 
the States in the manufacture of agricultural 
implements, bicycles, steam railroad cars, glu- 
cose, distilled liquors and watches, and second 
in the manufacture of factory furniture, men's 
clothing and soaps — as well as in the printing 
industries, in the lines of both book and job 
work. As to the agricultural implements of 
the country, 41'/^ per cent, of the total output 
is produced in the ninety-tour plants of Illi- 
nois, which employ 22.394 men. The impor- 
tance of the slau.ghtering and meat industry 
is illustrated by the facts that the sixty-tour 
plants of the State employ 27.864 men. turn 
out products to the value of $287,922,277, and 
otherwise go far toward making Chicago the 
second manufacturing city in the world. 

In the production of iron and ' steel there 
are twenty-six plants in Illinois having a capi- 
tal of $43,356,239. employing 16.642 men. pay- 
ing $9,640,716 in wages, and turning out a 
product valued at $60,303,144. Besides these 
larger industries there are numerous carriage 
and wagon factories, ship-building yards, loco- 
motive works, paper mills, flour mills, canning 
and clothing factories and malt-liquor estab- 
lishments, which, in 1900, turned out products 
to the value of $19,733,821. In the State of 
Illinois there are 1,755 regular publications, 
having an aggregate circulation, per issue, of 
10,429,368 and an average circulation of 6,737 
copies. 

Prom the above brief statistics it is seen 
that Illinois, with its 56,000 square miles of 
territory and its 6.000.000 of inhabitants, is 
blessed with truly imperial resources, all of 
which combine to establish for her a proud 
position in the sisterhood of States. 

(For a more extended reference to various 
subjects touched upon in this chapter, see the 
■•Encyclopedia," Part I. of this work, under 
proper topical headings). 



622 



HISTORY OF .Mcdonough couxt\, 



CHAPTER n. 



McDOXOUGH COUNTY ORGANIZED. 



THE MILITARY TRACT — ITS BOUNDARIES AXD THE 
TERRITORY EMBRACED WITHIN ITS LIMITS — 
TROUBLE OVER LAND TITLES — BOUNDARIES AND 
AREA OF M'DONOUGH COUNTY ■ — GROWTH IN 
LAND VALUES — SOIL AND STREAMS — FIRST SET- 
TLERS ORDER OF COURT ORGANIZING THE COUNTY' 

— FIRST ELECTIONS AND OFFICERS CHOSEN — FIRST 

SESSION OF COURT GRAND AND PETIT JURORS — 

THE TAX QUESTION. 

In the spring of 1812 the United States was 
on the verge of war with Great Britain. In 
order to place the army on a war footing by 
securing enlistments in the military and naval 
service, the Government of the United States 
offered to every soldier and sailor, who would 
enlist and serve for a period of nine months, 
a bounty of 160 acres of land. To make this 
offer good, by act of Congress, passed May 6, 
1812, the Government set aside certain lands 
for the soldiers of the War of 1812, including 
the territory now embraced in Mercer. Hender- 
son, Warren, Knox, Peoria, Hancock, Mc- 
Donough, Fulton. Adams, Schuyler. Brown, 
Pike and Calhoun Counties, and parts of Henry, 
Bureau, Putnam and Marshall Counties, more 
particularly described as bounded by Town- 
ships 15 North to 13 South of the Base Line, 
and from 9 West to 9 East of the Fourth Prin- 
cipal Meridian. 

The Government allotted 160 acres to each 
private who had served a specified time, and 
320 acres to the officers, as well as to those 
who had re-enlisted. In 1818 deeds, or "pat- 
ents," were issued to such soldiers, describing 
the lands without reference to location, qual- 
ity, or anything else which would convey defi- 
nite information; for the country thus par- 
celed out was a "terra incognita" to all. There- 
fore, but few of the soldiers actually occupied 
their allotments; indeed, many were not aware 
that they had such lands patented to them. 
In course of time, as emigration began mov- 
ing west, this large body of land became valu- 
able, and its fertile prairies were looked upon 



with longing eyes by the home-seeker. But 
the great diificulty standing in the way of those 
who would settle upon them was the obtaining 
of titles. Sometimes the owners could not be 
fcand and, to make confusion worse confound- 
ed, various land syndicates in New York and 
Philadelphia often held tax-titles to the prop- 
erty. Those who had the hardihood to squat, 
either under a tax-title or other claim, were 
in constant tear of the appearance of other 
claimants. This state of affairs led to the 
great fight between the holders of tax-titles 
and patent (or soldiers') titles, which in 1S48- 
49 resulted in judicial decisions largely in fa- 
vor of the latter. 

Tax sales, it seems, had for 'many years been 
most irregular; but after such decisive action 
by the courts, the land agents throughout this 
section of the country ransacked the files of 
the General Land Office at Washington for the 
particulars of soldier claimants. For over forty 
years, and until every tract of land was thus 
investigated, did this careful examination of 
the patent title claims continue. It was found 
that, in a large majority of cases, tax and pat- 
ent titles were merged, and the statutes of 
limitation and possession at last cleared up the 
complication. When the farmer and home- 
stead seeker felt safe in making investments 
in land, this fertile section of country, known 
as the Military Tract, was settled rapidly, 
until now there is no portion of Illinois — and 
that means, no region in the world — which ex- 
ceeds it in the combined qualities of fertility, 
beauty and the display of substantial home- 
steads. 

The Military Tract, being dedicated for the 
use of soldiers who had served in the War of 
1812, was, as will be observed, divided into 
counties, many which were named after the 
noted officers of the army and navy, or dis- 
tinguished statesmen of the Revolutionary War 
period. McDonough County was christened in 
honor of Commodore McDonough, of Lake 
Champlain fame, and Macomh, the county-seat, 
for General Macomb. By reference to the rec- 
ords of later wars, it will be seen that the mili- 
tary spirit continued to permeate the inhabi- 
tants of McDonough County. 

Geographically, McDonough County is one 
the rpost symmetrical counties in the State, 
embracing an area twenty-four miles square, 
or sixteen congressional townships, forming an 



HISTORY OF McDOXol'Cn COL'XTY. 



^'^.5 



exact square, and consisting largely of prairie 
land, with the exception of strips of timber 
along the streams preserved for pasture and 
wood lands, all under a high state of cultiva- 
tion. In round numbers, it includes 368,640 
acres, which, at the low estimate of |40 per 
acre (not including city and town lots), repre- 
sents a value of $147,450,000. As lands for 
farming purposes alone have been selling at 
the rate of $140 per acre, including city and 
town lots, the average price per acre could 
safely be placed at $60. which represents the 
sum of $231,984,000. The General Government 
valued the virgin land at $1.25 per acre, or a 
total of $460,800, indicating an increase in 
value of $227,376,000; and this, too, in a little 
over half a century. This wonderful growth 
in land values goes to make up, to a great 
extent, the enormous increase in material 
wealth of the imperial State of Illinois. 

Illinois was admitted into the Union as a 
State in 1818, and what is now known as 
McDonough County was then a part of Madi- 
son County. By legislative act of June 30, 
1821. it was assigned within the bounds of 
Pike County, and the act of February 10, 1826, 
fixed its present boundaries, and, for judicial 
and recording purposes, attached it to Schuyler 
County. 

In the early pioneer times McDonough Coun- 
ty was nearly equally divided Ijetween timber 
and prairie lands. During the past eighty 
years of its settlement a very large portion 
of the timber land has been cleared for farm 
purposes, so that at this date more than three- 
fourths of the county is under a high state of 
cultivation, with improvements of dwellings, 
barns and other out-buildings second to none 
in the State. 

McDonough County is well supplied with 
running streams. Crooked Creek being the 
largest. That stream enters the county near 
the northeast corner and, meandering in a 
southwesterly direction, affords excellent drain- 
age until it passes over the western line. 
Spring Creek, which empties into Crooked 
Creek, adds to the value of the farming and 
live-stock advantages of the county. Trouble- 
some Creek is so named on account of the 
sudden overflows to which it is subject, when, 
because of its high banks and alluvial soil, it 
Is exceedingly troublesome and dangerous to 
cross. Grindstone Creek derives its name from 



the excellent quality of sandstone found along 
its course, which is suitable for grindstones 
and whetstones. These two creeks, running 
from east to west about six miles apart, also 
empty into Crooked Creek. The considerable 
stream, called Camp Creek, is'supposed to be 
so named because of a large Indian encamp- 
ment upon its banks. Killjordan, a small creek 
wliich passes through Macomb in a westerly 
direction, is believed to have, somewhere along 
its course, the grave of an Indian (named .Jor- 
dan ) who was killed and buried on its shores. 
These streams, all tributary to the Illinois 
River, have tended to make McDonough Coun- 
ty one of the richest districts in the State. 
The county is bounded on the north by Hen- 
derson and Warren, on the east by F'ulton, 
on the south by Schuyler and on the west by 
Hancock County. The Territory embraced in- 
cludes congressional townships 4 to 7 North 
and 1 to 4 West of the Third Principal 
Meridian. 

As far as can be ascertained, William Carter 
and Riggs Pennington were the first settlers 
of McDonough County, about 1826 locating a 
mile southeast of the present town of Industry, 
on the .Macomb & Western Illlinois Railway. 
In the following year William .Job and brother, 
with .John Vance and others, settled near the 
present town of Blandinsville, the place being 
known for many years afterward as "Job's Set- 
tlement." William Pennington located at the 
extreme end of the timber in 1827, and gave 
the name Pennington's Point to the locality. 
Afterward he moved to Spring Creek, in the 
northwest part of the county. In 1830, James 
Clarke. David Clarke, William Pringle. Resin 
.\aylor and others settled in the vicinity of 
Macomb. (The above items of information are 
given, by way of consecutive order of settle- 
ment, but in the township histories, presented 
in succeeding pages, will be found the details 
of the i)ioneer life of the county.) 

ORr..VMZATIO.\ OK McDoXOUGH Cof.VTY. — A 

sufficient number of inhabitants having set- 
tled within the boundaries of McDonough 
County, a petition was prepared setting forth 
that fact as a requirement for its political or- 
ganization, and, on June 14, 1830, it was pre- 
sented to Hon. Richard M. Young, Judge of 
the Fifth Judicial District, then holding court 



624 



HISTORY OF :^IcDONOL'GH COUNTY, 



at RushviUe, the county-seat of Schuyler Coun- 
ty; whereupon, the Court issued the following 
order: 

•■To the People of the State of Illinois, to all 
who shall see t^ese presents, greeting: 
•'Whereas, By the ninth and eleventh sec- 
tions of the act, entitled 'an act forming new 
counties out of the counties of Pike and Fulton 
and the attached parts thereof.' approved Jan- 
uary 13. 1825, it is made the duty of the Pre- 
siding Judge of the Fifth Judicial Circuit of the 
State of Illinois, whenever it shall be made to 
appear to his satisfaction that either of the 
counties of Hancock, Warren, Mercer, Henry, 
Putnam or Knox contains 350 inhabitants, to 
proceed to organize the same and to grant an 
order for the election of county officers prepara- 
tory thereto; and 

"Whereas, By virtue of an act. entitled 'an 
act forming new counties out of the counties of 
Pike and Fulton and the attached parts there- 
of,' approved January 25, 182G, a new county 
was created to be called the County of Mc- 
Donough. with the express provision therein 
contained that the inhabitants of said county 
should possess all the rights and privileges 
granted to the inhabitants of the several coun- 
ties created by the first recited act, and to 
which said last mentioned act is a supplement; 

and 

"Whereas. It has been made to appear to my 
satisfaction that the said County of McDonough 
contains 350 inhabitants and upwards, and 
Inasmuch as the greater part of the qualified 
voters of said county have requested, by pe- 
tition, that the same should be organized with 
as little delay as possible; 

"I do, therefore, in pursuance of the power 
vested in me by virtue of the provisions con- 
tained in the above recited acts, order and 
direct that an election in and for the said 
County of McDonough be held at the house of 
Elias McFadden. on Saturday, the third day 
of July, next, for the election of three County 
Commissionei-s, one Sheriff and one Coroner, to 
serve, when elected and qualified, until they 
shall be superseded by the persons who may 
be elected at the general election to be held 
on the first Monday in August, next ensuing 
the date hereof; and for the purpose of having 
this order carried into execution, I do hereby 
* appoint Ephraim Perkins. William McDonald 

and John Rogers of said coimty. judges of said 



election, whose duty it shall be to set up writ- 
ten or printed advertisements, or notices, of 
said election in at least six of the most public 
places in said county, inclusive of the place at 
which said election is hereby directed to be 
held, having due regard to the situation and 
population of the different settlements, at least 
ten days immediately preceding said election, 
to the end that all persons concerned may 
have timely notice thereof; the election to be 
viva voce, between the hours of 10 o'clock in 
the morning and 7 o'clock in the afternoon 
of said day, and conducted in all respects, as 
near as may be practicable, in conformity with 
the act entitled 'an act regulating elections," 
approved January 10, 1829; and, lastly, the 
said judges are to certify the result of the 
said election to the office of the Secretary of 
State as soon thereafter as may be convenient, 
in order that the persons who may be elected 
and entitled to commissions may qualify with 
as little delay as possible: and after the said 
election of said county officers shall have taken 
place, in pursuance of this order, I do hereby 
declare the said County of McDonough to be 
organized and entitled to the same rights and 
privileges as other counties in this State. 

"Given under my hand and seal, at RushviUe, 
the fourteenth day of June. A. D. 1830. and of 
the independence of the United States, the 
Fifty-fourth. 

"Richard M. Young, 
"Circuit Judge of the Fifth Judicial Circuit 
of the State o^ Illinois." 

At the election held by virtue of the above 
order. James Vance and John Hardisty were 
chosen County Commissioners, William South- 
ward, Sheriff, and Peter Hale, Coroner. On 
the date of the election the Commissioners In- 
augurated the official business of the county by 
their written affirmation that the order of 
Judge Young had been duly executed. Michael 
Stinson was appointed Clerk pro tern. The 
Commissioners then located the seat of justice 
at the house of John Baker, on the southwest 
quarter of Section 31, Township G North, 
Range 2 West, now known as Macomb Town- 
ship, and named the place Washington. Their 
final act, before adjournment, was to appoint 
Ephraim Perkins, William McDonald and 
George Dowell judges of election — the same 
to be held at Washington (now Macomb) on 



:^%vr%. 



e •• ; 




(P^yyi i^^J CC^ '^ e^^iiy<^- 



HISTCJF^Y OF MrDOXorC.H COl'XTV. 



62.S 



the first Monday in August : after which they 
adjourned until the fifth of July next ensuing. 

Upon the date mentioned the Commissioners 
met at the residence of James Clarke and 
proceeded to divide the county into three mag- 
istrates" districts, and provided for the election 
of Justices of the Peace and Constables in 
each district. These districts were made eight 
miles wide, extending east and west the entire 
width of the county. No. 1 being the northern 
division. Xo. 2. the middle, and No. 3, the 
southern. 

An election was called for the First District 
at the house of James Vance, on the first Sat- 
urday in August, 1830, for two Justices of the 
Peace and two Constables: the judges of 
election being George Dcwell, William S. Moore 
and William Garrett. At the same date, in the 
Second District an election was held at the 
residence of John Baker for four Justices and 
four Constables, with Ellas McFadden, Peter 
Hale and David Troxwell as judges of election. 
In the Third District the election, on the same 
date, was for two Justices of the Peace and 
two Constables — William Deakins, John Wyatt 
and Isaac Bartlett being judges of election. 
The election in the several districts, which 
fell on August 7th, resulted as follows: No. 1 — 
James Vance, Sr., and John Rellew elected 
Justices of the Peace, and James Lee and James 
B. Tomberlin, Constables: No. 2 — James Clarke, 
William McDonald, Robert Cook and Samuel 
Bogart chosen Justices of the Peace, and John 
Wilson, Oliver C. Rice, Thomas J. Pennington 
and John Harris, Constables; No. 3 — Ephraim 
Perkins and Caswell Russell, Justices of the 
Peace, and Francis Reading and Jacob Coffman. 
Constables. 

At the general election held in 1S30 — the first 
in the history of the county — James Vance, 
John Hardisty and James Clarke were elected 
County Commissioners: William Southward, 
Sheriff: Peter Hale. Coroner: and James Bart- 
lett, County Surveyor. The election was held 
at the residence of John Baker, which was 
simply a hut built of poles and plastered with 
ordinary mud. This structure was used as a 
tavern, the Court House and Clerk's ofllce, 
until the erection of the old log Court House 
in 1831. The latter building stood on the north- 
east corner of the square, where The Eagle 
newspaper office is now located. 

The third meeting of the first regular term 



of the County Commissioners' Court was held 
on the first Monday in September, 1830, when 
its members selected grand and petit jurors 
for the October term of the Circuit Court, which 
was then to sit for the first time in the ju- 
dicial annals of the county. The following 
names were selected for grand jurymen: 
William Osborne, Joseph Osborne, William Gar- 
rett, Roland Lee, George Grace, William Hen- 
dery, William Stephens, Elias McFadden, John 
Barber, David Troxwell, Peter Hale, Nathan 
A. McFadden, John Carmack. John Wyatt, Sr., 
John Woodsides, William Deakins. Wright Rig- 
gins, Elijah IJristow, Caswell Russell, Abra- 
ham Gassett and John Vance. The petit jury- 
men chosen were Charles Shannon, William 
Shannon, John Wilson, James Vance, Jr., John 
Bridges, Thomas Bridges, Thomas Phillips, 
Nimrod Smith, Eli Osborne, Nicholas Campbell, 
John Massingill, Ephraim Mitchell, Enoch Cy- 
rus, Nathan Bartlett, Russell Duncan, Reuben 
Harris. Jr., Ephraim Perkins, George Shell, 
William Job, Nathan Hume, Noble Owsley and 
Larkin Osborne. The foregoing jurors consti- 
tuted about two-thirds of the entire legal voters 
of the county. 

At the meeting of the County Commissioners, 
mentioned above, John Baker was appointed 
Clerk pro tern., in place of' M. L. Stinson, re- 
signed. It may be parenthetically remarked 
that no resignation of a county officer has since 
occurred in McDonough. To continue the rec- 
ord of appointments — James Vance was chosen 
Commissioner of School Lands: Isaac Bartlett, 
Surveyor, and John Huston, Treasurer. The 
bond of the last named official was fixed at $80(1. 

On the 17th of October, 1830, was held the 
first term of the Circuit Court, Hon. Richard 
M. Young, presiding, with John Baker as Clerk 
pro tern., and William Southward, Sheriff. 
Thomas Ford, the State's Attorney (afterward 
Governor), being absent, James M. Strode was 
appointed temporarily to that position. Court 
was held at the house of John Baker, in the 
town of Washington, the temi)orary county-seat 
of .McDonough. The term lasted one day, but 
little business being transacted. The jurymen 
were called and dismissed from further at- 
tendance: the order of Judge Young calling an 
election for the organization of McDonough 
County was ordered spread upon the records: 
and the bonds of Isaac Bartlett, Coroner, and 
William Southward, Sheriff, were formallv' 



626 



HISTORY OF .McDOXOUGH COUNTY. 



approved by the court— this being the extent of 
the business. Thus McDonough became fully 
organized, and every department, which was 
then declared in working order, has been con- 
tinued to the present time. 

Previous to the organization of tlie county, 
the taxes for the territory within the limits of 
McDonough County were assessed and collected 
by Schuyler County officials. One of the early 
acts of the County Commissioners was a re- 
quest that the authorities of that county fur- 
nish the officials of McDonough County with a 
list of taxes assessed for the ensuing year, 
which request was promptly complied with. 
(For a fuller history of Macomb City see Chap- 
ter X. on "Cities. Towns and Villages.") 



CHAPTER HI. 



AMMAL AND BIRD LIFE. 



PRIMITIVE CONDITIONS OF ;\NIMAI. LIFE TIMBER, 

ORAY AND PRAIRIE WOLVES — A WOLF HUNT — 
(iENEROrS BOUNTIES FOB WOLF SCALPS — THE 

COMMON RED DEER FOXES, SQUIRRELS AND 

OTHER SMALLER ANIMALS — REPTILES THE 

DEADLY RATTLE-SNAKE NUMEROUS SPECIES OF 

LAND AND WATER FOWL — WILD GEESE, TURKEYS 
AND PRAIRIE CHICKENS — THE .SMALLER BIRD 
SPECIES — FEATHERED SONGSTERS — THE CRAY 
AND BALD EAGLE, THE HAWK AND OTHER CAR- 
NIVEROUS BIRDS — THE VALUE OF GAME BIRDS TO 
EARLY .SETTLERS. 

McDonough County was noted for the abun- 
dance of wild animals, when the first white 
settlers reached its territory. Both timber 
and prairie wolves were especially numerous 
and ravenous, being seen at all hours of the 
day, but especially at early dawn. It was not 
unusual, at break of day. to see a large hun- 
gry gray wolf cautiously and earnestly looking 
into the sheep pens or pastures; then, after 
silently selecting his proy, bound in among 
the flock and make off with a lamb or sheep. 
The hungry thief was usually accompanied 
bv a mate — sometimes by several of them — and 



when the first leap was made, the entire pack 
followed and the carnage ensued. The flock 
would stampede in wild disorder, and the 
trembling victims whicti were not torn to 
pieces would die of fright. It is probable 
that an attack at that particular place would 
not be made again for several months. In 
those days, the howling of the old wolves and 
the yelping of the young ones were the most 
common of nightly sounds. 

Wolf dens were frequently found: raids 
against the animals were organized by the 
men and boys of the vicinity, and terrible was 
the revenge if Mr. and Mrs. Wolf, with the 
family, were found at home. The county au- 
thorities offered as high as $5 each for wolf 
scalps; so that, in the early days, hunting for 
them became quite remunerative, and every 
boy big enough to carry a gun — say ten years 
of age — spent much of his time in scouring 
the woods with his fire arms and dog. 

Extensive wolf hunts wt re sometimes organ- 
ized by the settlers of this and adjoining coun- 
ties. In the middle of an extensive prairie, 
and miles from the timber, was planted a flag- 
staff, or pole, the spot selected being the high- 
est ground in the district to be beaten up, and 
the staff, which was to be the objective point 
of all the hunters, was called the Wolf Pole. 
A day was api>ointed and captains selected 
from each settlement to meet at a convenient 
place. The men, armed with hickory clubs 
and carrying horns, which they used for the 
purpose of arousing the animals, were assigned 
their stations, a few hundred feet apart, and 
a cordon was thus drawn around the 
entire section of country intended to be 
covered by the hunt. At the appointed 
hour the signal to advance was passed around 
the little army, and all made, in a bee-line, for 
the Wolf Pole. With shouts, blasts upon their 
horns and other din, they pressed forward at a 
walk, driving before them all wild animals 
within the radius of their operations and con- 
centrating them toward their goal. Soon a 
rabbit, a coon, or even a deer, would be started 
from cover; but, if they so desired, such ani- 
mals were generally allowed to break through 
the lines. The eyes of each man were for the 
real game; and woe be to the wolf that tried 
to break through! As the circle of hunters 
contracted around the pole, which could be 
seen for miles, the area within became animat- 



JIISTORY OF McDOXOlCH O )r.\TV 



627 



ed with auimals of all kinds, and with the 
nearness of their approach the excitement be- 
came more and more intense. To reach a 
wolf was BOW the grand desire, and toward the 
last the clubbing and yelling transformed the 
scene into a regular bedlam. Occasionally a 
deer was caught in the circle, and, if In good 
condition, was brought to a selected spot, 
cooked and made the feature of a jolly barbe- 
cue. The wolves killed were taken as trophies 
to show the folks at home, and their scalps 
afterward presented to the proper county au- 
thorities with a claim for the legal bounty. 
The consequence of this continuous slaughter 
was that the number of the sheep murderers 
became "smaller by degrees and beautifully 
less." Occasionally a panther would be found 
In the denser timber sections, but so seldom 
as to be considered neither a menace nor a 
nuisance. 

Prairie wolves were also very numerous. 
In size they were between the timber wolf and 
the coyote, and a full grown animal of this 
species was usually a match for an ordinary 
dog. They usually fought with rapid snaps, 
and as their jaws were ix)werful, their sharp 
teeth cut like knives. They were sneaking 
and cowardly, yet crafty and persistent, and 
when hungry and emboldened by numbers, or 
when cornered and desperate, they were for- 
midable fighters. 

The common red deer were very abundant, 
and were often seen in herds of from ten to 
a dozen. Many of the early settlers not only 
relied on venison for the table, but made their 
winters profitable by hunting the animals for 
the market. Rabbits swarmed in the timber 
and the openings, and raccoons and fox squir- 
rels were common. Foxes were not numerous, 
although some of the old settlers from Ten- 
nessee and Kentucky, who had learned to en- 
joy hunting them, still kept their hounds after 
coming to McDonough County. They would 
quite frequently organize hunts here, but rath- 
er for sport than for gain. A few wild-cats 
roamed the denser woods, but nothing serious 
came of their presence. Xone of the water 
courses bore indications of the presence of 
beaver at any time, but now and then an otter 
was captured. Muskrats were very numerous, 
and their houses may still occasionally be seen 
along the streams. Minks, weasels and skunks 
were common, and as destructive to fowls then 



as now. A large gray goi)her and innumerable 
specimens of a little striped species were 
found in the county, as at present being quite 
destructive to the newly planted grain. There 
are still plenty of chipmunks; also fox-squir- 
rels, flying-squirrels and a large number of 
the black and gray varieties. Woodchucks, 
house-rats and mice came with civilization; 
but moles and field mice were here when the 
settlers first came. The turning up of the 
virgin soil by the plow destroyed their snug 
burrows, and they were finally driven from 
the country with the thorough improvement 
of the land. 

Many varieties of small innocuous snakes 
were found in great abundance, such as the 
common niilk-snake, water-snake (garter) and 
the green snake. Scores of the mottled water- 
snakes could be seen on any quiet summer day 
sunning themselves in the warm light. 

The rattle-snakes, of a brownish speckled 
color, were numerous and deadly, and unless 
their bite (so-called) was quickly attended to, 
it was likely to result seriously, if not fatally. 
Horses and cattle avoided them with terror. 
The writer was plowing in a wheat field in 
September, a time when the rattler is most 
|)oisonous. The horse in the furrow was 
struck — that is the proper word, as the reptile 
strikes from the coil and its long sharp and 
hollow fangs (not teeth) enter the body of 
the victim and deposit the death-dealing fluid, 
after which the rattler stretches out on the 
ground. The horse, so far as the writer could 
see, did not act in an unusual manner, as if 
in terror. The snake, however, made itself 
known in the usual manner and was at once 
killed. The plowing continued, but within an 
hour the horse seemed to be lame. Upon care- 
ful examination the anir.-ial's leg was found 
to be much swollen, and two slight scratches 
were found, with a small drop of blood ad- 
hering to the hairs just above the hoof. The 
horse was at once unharnessed and taken to 
a veterinary surgeon of experience, who pro- 
nounced the case as dangerous. The swelling 
of the limb soon extended to the body, and 
within six hours after the stroke the poor 
beast died in great agony. After this experi- 
ence the writer had a great dread of rattle- 
snakes, and, moreover, registered a vow of 
vengeance against the rattler, on account of 
the death of poor Jack. It may be added that 



628 



HISTORY OF Mcdonough county. 



he had the satisfaction, later, of killing scores 
and scores of the venomous reptiles. 

Hogs, far from manifesting fear of rattle- 
snakes, often sought them for food. When 
found, the hog would greedily seize the snake 
with its teeth, put its front foot upon it, tear 
it to pieces and devour it. A courageous dog 
would sometimes seize one near the head and 
shake its life out; but if he received a stroke 
the poison seemed to produce intense agony 
for several days. After that the dog left the 
rattlers alone. 

The rattle-snake was a dull, slow-moving, 
stupid creature, apparently incapable of fear, 
but it had two very quick movements. Upon 
the slightest disturbance it slid into a coil, its 
head at the center and raised two or three 
inches above the ground, and its rattle-equip- 
ped tail, on the outer periphery of the coil, 
sounded its warning with a quivering move- 
ment so rapid as to be almost invisible. Upon 
near attack it struck with widely extended 
jaws and a quick action of the head, project- 
ing its strike about one-third of the length of 
its body; but, fortunately, it was not rapid 
in recovering its position for another stroke. 
These reptiles were usually equipped with 
from three to twelve rattles, or buttons, and 
as each rattle was supposed to represent a 
year's life, some had existed altogether too 
long for any good they ever did in the world. 
It was held as a paramount duty on the part of 
all to relentlessly destroy them, and its faith- 
ful performance accounts tor their virtual ex- 
tinction. 

In pioneer days, snake dens were numerous 
throughout the country. Ledges of rock situ- 
ated along the creeks or streams were select- 
ed by every variety of snake for winter quar- 
ters, and these haunts were known as snake 
dens. In the early spring, when the reptiles 
were weak and listless, it was no uncommon 
occurrence for the settlers to kill over one 
hundred in a morning's hunt. Then, as now, 
snakes were the aversion of all and were killed 
on sight. 

There were many vicious-snapping turtles. 
while the common land and water tortoises 
were abundant. The numerous embankments 
of clay were the homes of the little crabs, or 
crawfish, and it was said they always went 
down until they found water. 



Innumerable land- and water-fowl made Mc-^ 
Donough County their migratory home. With 
the melting snows in early spring, the brant, 
goose and duck made their appearance. The 
geese, especially, flew in great wedge shaped 
flocks, steadily following their tireless leaders, 
and, during the migratory season, their loud 
"honk" was heard in the eky at all hours of 
the day and night — ever northward in the 
spring and southward in the fall. The few 
now seen are as nothing compared with the 
thousands of the early days. All along the 
creeks, streams, rivers and reedy ponds, they 
then nested and raised their broods. Their 
flesh and eggs were common and healthful 
food: besides, the children of the early set- 
tlers used to place the eggs in the nests of 
setting hens ana so raise young wild geese. 
Both ducks and geese were easily domesticat- 
ed, although frequently one that had appar- 
ently been contented with civilization would 
listen to the call of a passing flock, take wings, 
join the choir and soar away never to return. 

Wild turkeys were also very abundant in the 
timber lands, and afforded great sport and 
profit to the hunters; but since the country 
has become densely settled they are seldom 
seen in their old haunts. 

Prairie-chickens literally swarmed over the 
prairies, and numberless coveys of quails whis- 
tled both on prairie and woodland. In the 
early spring tue drumming of the male bird 
was sweet music to the hunter. The whirr ot 
the prairie chicken and partridge and the beau- 
tiful quail was seolian music to the early set- 
tler, as it was the promise of abundant feast- 
ing for the winter; in fact, the country could 
produce no finer game than a good fat prairie 
chicken. Now, they are not only scarce but 
are protected by stringent laws. 

In the summer the sand-hill cranes, flying 
at great height and without order, would come 
down in small numbers upon the prairies. 
They were exceedingly wary, and at the warn- 
ing cry of any member of the flock, all would 
take flight at once, rarely returning to the 
place of alarm for hours afterward. Their 
preparations for migration southward were 
very peculiar and interesting. In the late 
autumn they could be hoard uttering a loud 
call, and soon began to assemble in pairs and 
groups at some chosen spot. There, for some 



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HISTORY Ol'" .\klK)X()l-C,H COL'XTV. 



629 



days, their antics were most astonishing, as in 
an apparent frenzy of excitement they joined 
in a sort of pow-wow, leaping, dancing and 
screaming, wildly and ceaselessly. At length, 
when all appeared to have arrived at the ren- 
dezvous, the leader took wing and. uttering a 
loud cry, began his circling, upward flight. He 
was quickly followed by ench member, in rapid 
succession, until the entire assembly was in 
mid-air, sailing in a sweeping, enlarging cir- 
cle, ever upward and upward, frequently ut- 
tering that singular cry. until at length they 
became specks in the sky and finally disap- 
peared wholly from vision. Even then that far 
call still came down to earth, ever passing 
southward until it, too, was lost to the ear. 

There were also many blue herons along 
the streams, and frequently the snow-white 
variety appeared. A species of bittern, called 
by the children "Thunder pumps," and inhab- 
iting marshy places, snipes of various kinds 
and plover and woodcock were numerous in 
the prairies and lowlands, and occasionally a 
snow-white swan would be observed floating 
in the air, or majestically sailing over the still 
water places. In their season, immense flocks 
of wild-pigeons literally darkened the sky, pass- 
ing along like the sound of a mighty wind. 
.Myriads moved in a northward direction, while 
detachments of them tarried to roost in some 
favorite clump of trees or grove. They broke 
down the branches with their weight, and 
thousands upon thousands were netted, shot, 
or even killed with clubs. It is said the spe- 
cies is now extinct — at least, they have not 
been seen in this county for years. 

The "brown thresher," robin, lark, bobolink, 
cat-bird, whip-poor-will, and many other song- 
birds filled the air with llieir delightful notes. 
Neither were birds of brilliant plumage want- 
ing. The humming-bird, the Baltimore oriole 
and the scarlet tanager flashed amid the foli- 
age; the red-headed, golden-winged and spot- 
ted wood-peckers winged their rapid flight 
from cover to cover; the gaudy, jaunty blue- 
jay followed one with his impudent scolding, 
and the little blue-bird delighted you with its 
soft color and modest song. In the long, twi- 



light, summer evenings, many night-hawks sail- 
ed through the sky on tireless wings, ever 
and anon darting downward almost to earth, 
and then gracefully sweeping upward to the 
heights, .^nd their opi)osites, the tiny but pug- 
nacious wrens, were abundant. 

The county was also a favorite abode of 
the carniverous birds. The historic bald-eagle 
and the great gray-eagle were frequently seen 
sailing at heights scarcely to be reached by 
the naked eye, to say nothing of the rifle. The 
smaller varieties of raptores were very abun- 
dant, from the large hen-hawk down to the bee- 
eating king-bird and the little shrike, or sol- 
dier-bird, which waged relentless warfare upon 
each other. Then there was the butcher-bird 
— well named — whose habits seemed founded 
on pure cussedness, killing small birds, mice 
and worms by impaling them on thorns; also, 
the turkey-buzzard, which lived on dead ani- 
mals and other carrion; the bee-bird, hanging 
around the hives for his meals, and certain 
ravens which had a peculiar note. 

There were four or five varieties of owls: 
The great horned, the large gray-owl and the 
little barn screecn-owl — the last named being 
the most numerous. Crows were plentiful as 
now, as were the large black-birds, with their 
rich plumage, and the brilliant red-winged 
starlings. The little tame, brown cow-birds 
(black-birds) were very abundant, and their 
habit of familiar attendance upon the cattle 
was pleasant and interesting. 

So it was that a kind Providence was pro- 
lific in furnishing the early settlers with an 
abundance of nutritious food through the plen 
tiful wild game, both feathered and furred. 
The emigrant, also, was blessed with the me- 
lodious songster and the bird of rich and bril- 
liant plumage, thus appealing to his higher 
nature, humanizing and civilizing him and rich- 
ly endowing him with all that heart could de- 
sire or human taste enjoy. The jjioneers were 
by no means without food for both mind and 
body, and were refreshed morning, noon and 
night by the contemplation of their wonderful 
natural surroundings. 



630 



HISTORY OF JMcDONOUGH COUNTY. 



CHAPTER IV. 



TOPOGRAPHY AND FLORA. 



TOPOGRAPHY OF THE MILITARY TRACT REGION — 
WATER COURSES — TIMBER LANUS AND THE VALIE 
OF THEIR PRODUCTS TO THE EARLY SETTLERS — 
PRAIBIE LANDS AND GRASSES — INDIGENOUS 
PLANTS, FRUITS AND FLOWERS. 

The Military Tract, so-called, is bounded on 
the west by the Mississippi River and on the 
east by the Illinois, beginning on the north at 
the south line of Rock Island County and run- 
ning south, with said boundaries, to the 
junction of the Illinois River with the Mis- 
sissippi, a short distance above Grafton, about 
twenty miles north of Alton. The territory 
is well watered by the streams emptying into 
these rivers, the principal water courses being 
Spoon River, Lamoine River (better known as 
Crooked Creek), and Camp, Grindstone and 
Rock Creeks. There are a number of smaller 
streams which water the district, the general 
direction of these being southwest Into the 
larger tributaries, by which their waters ulti- 
mately reach the Illinois. 

In McDonough County the principal creeks, 
or water courses, are Camp, Cix)oked (formerly 
Lamoine River), Grindstone and Troublesome 
Creeks.. The timber lands were chieily along 
the banks of these streams and, in the south- 
western part of the county, some miles from 
the streams. They were covered with a splen- 
did growth of oaks, maples and black walnut, 
whose massive boles would square over two 
feet, rising to a height of thirty or forty feet 
to the fine spreading branches which formed 
their lofty crowns. The limbs would often 
produce logs from ten to twelve feet in length 
that could be split into rails. For many years 
these timber lands produced large quantities 
of hewed and sawed building material — ties, 
planks and boards for building log-huts and 
more pretentious dwellings, for constructing 
mill-dams and bridges, furnishing rails, stakes 
and posts for fencing, and fuel for the house- 
hold. These timber lands were providentially 
scattered over the country for the shelter and 



comfort of the first settlers; but when the 
railroads were built, they were not so neces- 
sary, as, thereafter, lumber, fuel and wirefenc- 
ing were transported from other points. 

The timber lands of McDonough County, as 
elsewhere, covered a strong and fruitful soil, 
ana they were so profitably cleared that over 
one-half of the area covered by them was con- 
verted into fruitful fields. 

Besides these trees of larger growth were 
found the smaller varieties, such as iron-wood, 
willow, wild cherry, crab-apple, thorn-apple, 
wild-plum, etc., in abundance. Hazel, black- 
berry, raspberry, gooseberry and black cur- 
rant bushes grew everywhere in profusion, 
while the wild grape-vines flourished along the 
borders of the streams. The nuts, mast and 
wild fruits of the forest furnished, in early 
times, abundant, palatable and wholesome food 
for man, beast and bird. 

The open prairies were thickly covered with 
heavy verdure, from the nutritious upland 
grass to the coarse wire and broad-leaved 
grasses. And how delightful to recall even 
the fleeting visions and memories of those 
primitive days; the rushes and lilies of the 
sloughs and ponds; the delicious wild straw- 
berries; the yellow ground-cherries and other 
wild fruits that bloomed and ripened in the 
rolling prairies of this favored land! The tall 
sun-flower, the rosin-weed, golden-rod, innu- 
merable daisies and asters, wood anemone, 
mandrake or May apple, and the beautiful blue 
prairie-bell, were among the countless varieties 
of wild flowers that profusely decked and per- 
fumed this home of the early settlers. Truly, 
what a flower garden and orchard this prairie 
country was, not excelled by the modern crea- 
tions of horticulture and floriculture! 

A more detailed enumeration of the flowers 
to be found in quiet nooks, still undisturbed 
by cultivation, embraces the following: Blood- 
root, rue, wood anemone, star flower, spring 
beauty, Dutchman's breeches, white trillium, 
wild sarsaparilla, Solomon's seal, dog-wood, 
red-bud, red-berried elder, white and yellow 
wood sorrel, poison ivy, Virginia creeper, ox- 
eyed daisy, Sarvies berry, prickly ash, Indian 
pipe, field chick-weed, white and yellow water- 
lily, poke-weed, wild carrot, yarrow, quaking 
asp. .American aspen, white blue and purple 
asters, boneset, marsh marigold, dog-tooth; 
yellow, white and purple violets; sumach (four 



HISTORY OF McDON'OL'GH COVSTV. 



631 



varieties), hop-tree, celandine, yellow and 
white lady-slipper; meadow, wood and pond 
lilies: yellow star-grass, butter and egss, St. 
John's wort, mulein, Jewel weed, jimsen 
(Jamestown) weed, cockle-burr, burdocks (two 
varieties), black-eyed Susan, elecampane, stick- 
tight, tansy, milk-weed, box-elder, sycamore, 
bouncing Bet, fire-weed, scouring root, colum- 
bine, evening primrose, wake-robin, painted 
cup cardinal flower, honey-suckle, liverwort, 
phlox, blue-eyed grass, blue flag, spider wort. 
Indian tobacco, white and blue gentian, fringed 
gentian, skunk cabbage. Jack-in-the-pulint. wild 
hyacinth, pussy-willows, butter-cups, wild 
roses, leeks, cat-tail, Wahoo-tree berry, red- 
root, etc. If the botanical names were applied 
to this profusion of flowers, they would sound 
quite learned, and the specimens would be 
preserved in pots and carefully placed in 
green-houses: but, although the names given 
by the early settlers were homely, they were 
easily understood and characteristics of form, 
color and often of locality. 



CHAPTER \'. 



GEOLOGY— MINERAL DEPOSITS. 



CEOUKilC CONDITIONS IN M DONOUfiH COU.NTY — 
COAL AND CLAY DEPOSITS — DRIFT-CLAYS IN TIIK 
VICINITY OF COLCHESTER — COAL MEASIRES — THE 

COLCHESTER MINES LIME AND SANDSTONE — 

FIRE CLAY TILE AND FIRE-BRICK PRODUCT — 

IRON ORE — BUILDING STONE. 

Most of the following information regarding 
the geology of McDonough County Is obtained 
from the report of former State Geologist A. 
H. Worthen; In fact, no man was more thor- 
oughly conversant with the matter, or better 
qualified to treat the subject which he had so 
carefully investigated, and no history of the 
county would be complete without it. 

The geological formations appearing at the 
surface in this county comprise the Quater- 
nary, including the loess and drift: the lower 
portions of the Coal Measures, including the 



three lowest seams of coal, and the St. Louis 
and Keokuk Divisions of the Lower Carbonif- 
erous Limestones. The entire area of the 
county, except the valleys and streams, is 
covered with beds of the Quaternary Age, 
ranging from thirty to one hundred feet, or 
more, in thickness, and presenting the same 
general features which have been given as 
characteristics of this formation in the reports 
of adjoining counties. Good natural exposures 
of these are rarely found here, and the observer 
is compelled to rely mainly on such informa- 
tion as can be obtained from well-diggers and 
others engaged in surface excavations, as to 
their thickness and general character. 

In the railroad cut on the north bank of 
Crooked Creek, just below Colmar, the fol- 
lowing section of Quaternary beds were seen: 
Soil, 1 to 2 feet: ash colored, marly clay 
(loess), S to 10 feet: reddish brown clay, 5 
feet: sand and gravel (partially stratified)* 
15 to 20 feet. This exposure is considerably 
below the general level of the prairie, ^nd the 
beds seem to have been subjected to some 
shifting process since the original deposition, 
presenting the general characteristics of Modi- 
fied Drift. 

In the shafts of Colchester the drift-clays 
generally range from thirty-five to forty feet 
in thickness, and consist of buff or brown 
clays, with gravel and bowlders, passing down- 
ward at some points into blue clays or hard- 
pan. Bowlders of raetamorphic rocks of vari- 
ous kinds, and of all sizes up to a diameter 
of two or three feet, are scattered in consider- 
able numbers in all the gulches and streams 
which cut through the drift beds, being most 
abundant in the lower part of the drift depos- 
its. 

No indications of the presence of an ancient 
soil underneath either the loess or drift were 
seen at any of the points examined in this 
county. The wells are seldom sunk to the 
bottom of the drift, and hence afford no con- 
clusive indications of what may underlie the 
bowlder clays. At Bushnell a boring for coal 
passed through 112 feet of these Quaternary 
deposits before reaching the bed rocks, in the 
following order: (1) Soil. 2 feet; (2) yellow- 
clay. 12 feet; (3) sand, 2 feet; (4) blue bowl- 
der clay. 61 feet: (5) blue and yellow sand. 
35 feet. 

Two wells driven in the city park at Ma- 



632 



HISTORY OF AIcDONOUGH COUNTY. 



comb— one 1,630 teet and the other 1,360 feet 
— passed through approximately the same 
strata before reaching bed roclvs; then, for 
several hundred teet, penetrated what is termed 
St. Peter's sandstone. These wells were sunk 
for a two-fold purpose: First, to ascertain if 
there were coal-beds of workable size; second, 
to obtain overflow artesian wells. Neither of 
these objects was realized. The water in these 
wells stands within fifty feet of the surface, 
powerful pumps being required to force it into 
the stand-jiipe and large adjacent reservoir; 
, further, although the supply seems to be inex- 
haustible, the water is impregnated with sul- 
phur and is not suitable for either culinary or 
steam purposes. 

Co.\L Mea.siike.s. — All the uplands in the 
county are underlaid by the Coal Measures, 
except a limited area on Crooked Creek. In 
the southwestern corner of the county, embrac- 
ing nearly the whole of Township 4 North, 
Range 4 West (Lamoine), and the southwest- 
ern portion of Township 5 North, Range 4 
West (Tennessee), the beds composing the 
lower portions of the Coal Measures, as they 
are developed in this county, give the followin.g 
sections: (1) Sandstone and sandy shales, 
partly ferruginous, 20 to 30 feet; (2) Band of 
calcareous shaie, with cuticular masses of dark 
blue limestone containing Cardiomorpha Mis- 
souriensis, 2 to 3 feet; (3) Coal No. 3, 2 to 3 
feet; (4) Sandy shale and soft sandstone, 35 
to 40 feet; (.5) Bluish clay shale filled with 
fossil ferns, 1/2 to 2 feet; (6) Coal No. 2. 2 
to 21;. feet; (7) Bituminous fire clay, 2 feet; 
(8) Gray clay shale, 6 feet; (9) Septaria lime- 
stone, 3 feet; (10) Variegated shales — purple, 
yellow and blue — IS to 20 feet; (11) Sandstone 
passing locally into shale, 10 to 15 feet; (12) 
Coal No. 1, sometimes replaced with slate or 
blue shale, 1 to 3 feet; (13) Fire clay, some- 
times replaced by sandy shale, 2 to 3 feet; 
(14) Quartzose sandstone, conglomerate, 5 to 
20 feet. 

These beds have a maximum thickness of 
about 150 feet; consequently, a boring any- 
where in the county, carried down to a depth 
of 200 feet from the surface, would pass en- 
tirely through the Coal Measures and deter- 
mine the amount of coal that could be found at 
that point. No coal seam is worked at the 
present time, except No. 2, or the Colchester 



coal, and it seems probable that neither No. 
1 nor No. 3 can be developed in the county 
so as to be of much value to the industrial in- 
terests of its people. In the vicinity of Col- 
chester limestone and calcareous shale, usu- 
ally found above coal bed No. 3, outcrops in 
the ravines west of the town; but no indica- 
tions of the actual presence of coal are seen. 
It is quite probable that in the southeastern 
portion of the county, coal No. 3 may be found 
sufficiently developed to be worked to advan- 
tage. The shale and sandstone above coal 
No. 1, of the foregoing section, are found only 
in the vicinity of Colchester, where about ten 
feet of sandy ferruginous shales ove'.Iie the 
limestone concretion above described. No. 4, 
of the above mentioned section, is well ex- 
posed on the ravines leading into the east 
fork of Crooked Creek, west of Colchester, but 
it is everywhere a sandy shale of no material 
economical value. No. 5 of this section forms 
the roof of the Colchester coal, being a true 
clay shale at the bottom and locally quite bi- 
tuminous. Higher up it becomes sandy, and 
gradually passes into the sandy shales of No. 
4. It also contains ironstone concretions simi- 
lar to those at Mazon Creek and Murphysboro, 
although not so perfectly formed, the latter 
showing fossil ferns of the same species as 
those found at the localities mentioned. In 
the shales, also, are seen numerous beautiful 
ferns in a remarkably fine state of preserva- 
tion. This locality may be reckoned as one 
of the best in the State tor collecting these 
beautiful and remarkable relics of an ancient 
vegetable growth. 

In the vicinity of Macomb the Colchester 
coal seam is not of sufficient thickness to be 
worked to advanta.ge, as the borings for the 
artesian wells in that city have fully demon- 
strated. The borings in that vicinity at a 
depth of 1,700 feet were still in the St. Peter's 
sandstone. About a mile and a half south- 
west of the town a thin stratum of coal out- 
crops above the sandstone quarries of Mr. Row- 
ley, which probably belongs to the Colchester 
seam, though here only about a foot in thick- 
ness. This may, however, be an outcrop of 
the lower seam No. 1; but from the appear- 
ance of the sandstone it is more likely to 
belong to No. 2, thinned out here to about one- 
half its usual thickness. 

In the vicinity of Colchester a very good 




JAMES ARVIN 



HISTORY OF MrDOXOL'GH COIXTV. 



633 



sandstone is found below the coal, from ten 
to fifteen feet In thickness. It is No. 11, of 
the foregoing section, and is believed to be 
the equivalent of the sandstone in the Mcl^^ean 
and Stewart quarries near Macomb. A section 
of the bed exposed in the vicinity of these 
quarries shows this succession of strata: Thin 
coal, 1 foot: Shaly clay, 2 feet: Thin bedded 
sandstone, 1 to 6 feet; Massive sandstone, 10 
to 12 feef; Bituminous shale (coal No. 1), 4 
feet; Carbonate of iron, 1^ foot; Fire clay, Vi 
foot; Bituminous slate, or shale. 2-3 foot; Shale, 
5 feet. 

In the Colchester region, at most of the 
outcrops examined, the same horizon was rep- 
resented by dark blue shales (No. 12 of the 
section previously given), containing nodules 
of iron ore inclosing crystals of zinc blende. 
On the southwest quarter of Section 24, Town- 
ship 5 North. Range 4 West (Tennessee), the 
following beds were found exposed in con- 
nection with coal No. 1: Shaly sandstone, 4 
feet; Coal No. 1, 2 feet; Fire clay (not ex- 
posed); Shaly sandstone, 16 feet; St. Louis 
limestone, 6 teet. 

Although the lower coal was not found de- 
veloped at any of the exposures examined in 
the vicinity of Colchester, it was found by Mr. 
Horrocks at his tile and fire-brick kiln, not 
more than a mile from the town, and was 
struck in one of the pits sunk for fire clay. It 
was discovered about forty-five feet below 
coal No. 2, being a foot in thickness and asso- 
ciated with an excellent fire clay. 

As early as 1S53 a coal seam was opened 
on Section 24, Township 5 North. Range 4 
West, on land then owned by Mr. Lowrey. The 
coal was from eighteen inches to two feet in 
thickness, overlaid by a few feet of shaly 
sandstone. Below the bed of coal about six- 
teen feet of sandstone was exposed, and a 
short distance up the creek a concretionary 
limestone underlies the sandstone. This is 
doubtless the lower coal (No. 1) and probably 
exists at many points in the county, ranging 
from one to three feet in thickness. At the 
same time (1S53) coal was also dug on Mr. 
Thompson's place, on the northeast quarter 
of Section 16, Township 4 North, Range 3 West 
(Bethel). At this point the seam was thirty 
inches thick, but was only exposed in the bed 
of the creek, with no outcrop of the associate 
beds. This is, without doubt, the lower seam. 



as the concretionary member of the St. Louis 
limestone was found outcropping on the creek 
a short distance below where the coal was dis- 
covered. On tne northwest quarter of Sec- 
tion 33 (Bethel) a coal seam was opened and 
worked in 1858, on land then owned by J. 
Stouching. The coal was worked by "strip- 
l)ing" in the bed 01 a small creek, the deposit 
ranging fl'om eighteen to twenty inches in 
thickness and being overlaid by aboiit two feet 
of gray shale. 

These two lower seams also outcrop on .lob's 
Creek near Hlandinsville, and have been 
worked from the first settlement of the coun- 
ty. They appear aiso on nearly all the tribu- 
taries on the east fork of Crooked Creek, and 
probably underlie at least seven-eighths of the 
entire area of the county. In this portion of 
the State, however, they seldom attain a thick- 
ness of three feet; but they are nowhere more 
than 175 feet below the surface of the gener- 
ally level prairie. No. 3, if developed any- 
where in the county, will probably be found in 
the eastern range of townships, and would 
probably be the first seam reached in sinking 
a shaft, or boring from the prairie level. 

.\t Bushnell a boring for coal passed 
through the following beds, as reported by 
those in charge of the work: (1) Soil. 2 feet; 
(2) Yellow clay. 12 feet; (3) Sand. 2 feet; (4) 
Blue clay, with bowlders, 61 feet; (5) Plue and 
yellow sand, 35 feet; (6) Sandstone, 5 feet; 
(7) Clay shale, 1% feet; (8) Black sbale, 1% 
feet; (9) Gray shale, % foot; (10) Limestone, 
9 feet; (11) Shale, 1 foot. The beds Nos. 1 to 
5, inclusive, belong to the drift, and show an 
aggregate thickness of 112 feet, indicating the 
existence of an old valley here, in which the 
Coal Measures have been cut down to a point 
below the horizon of the Colchester seam, and 
which was subsequently filled with drift de- 
posits. Consequently, that coal which should 
have been found at this point at a depth of 
fifty to seventy feet below the surface, was 
not discovered at all. The limestone (No. 10 
of the above section) is probably the bed over- 
laying the Seaville coal. 

At Prairie City a boring was carried down 
to a depth of 227 feet, passing through the 
following beds, as reported by Mr. T. L. Ma- 
gee: (1) Soil and drift clays, 36 feet; (2) 
Clay shale, or soapstone. 16 feet; (3) Black 
shale, Vi foot; (4) Coal No. 2, li,^ feet; (5) 



C>34 



HISTORY OF Mcdonough couxty. 



Fire clay. 4 feet; (6) Shale and sandstone, 12 
feet; (7) Clay shale, 38 feet; (8) Hard rock 
(limestone). 11 feet; (9) Shale, 4 feet; (10) 
White flint. 1 foot; (11) Shale, 10 feet: (12) 
Coal No. 1. 3 feet; (13) Fire clay, 6V2 feet; 
(14) Hard rock, 5 feet; (15) Clay shale. 8 
feet; (16) Sandstone. 4 feet; (17) Dark gray 
shale, 8 feet; (IS) Clay shale (light colored), 
14 feet; (19) Limestone (St. Louis bed), 441/2 
feet. 

In the foregoing sections the beds numbered 
from 2 to IS, inclusive, belong to the Coal 
Measures and include the two lower coal 
strata. No^ 19 is undoubtedly the St. Louis 
limestone, which outcrops on Spoon River, 
just below Seaville, eight miles east of Prairie 
City. At Lawrence's Mound near that city, at 
an elevation considerably above the surface 
' where the above boring was made, a coal seam 
three feet in thickness was found (probably 
No. 3). It was probably an outlier left by the 
denuding forces which swept it away from 
the surrounding region, as it lay immediately 
below the drift with no roof but gravel, and 
covered but a limited area of ground. 

Limestone Beds. — This division of the Lower 
Carboniferous series is probably nowhere in 
the county more than fifty feet in thickness, 
and consists (first) of a lied of light gray con- 
cretionary or brecciated limestone, lying im- 
mediately below the lower sandstone of the 
Coal Measures; and (secondly) of a magnes- 
ian limestone and some blue shales or calcar- 
eous sandstones, constituting what is some- 
times called the "Warsaw limestone." On the 
east fork of Crooked Creek, a little north of 
west from Colchester, the following sections 
of these limestones may be seen: (1) Brec- 
ciated light gray limestone, 5 to 20 feet; (2) 
Calcareous sandstone in regular beds, 12 feet; 
(3) Bluish shale, 3 feet. The magnesian bed. 
which usually forms the base of the group, 
is below the surface here and generally ranges 
from eight to ten feet in thickness. The brec- 
ciated (comi)osed of angular fragments ce- 
mented together) of limestone is very unevenly 
developed, and. in a short distance, often var- 
ies in thickness from five to twenty-five feet, 
or even more. 

The Keokuk limestone is the lowest rock 
exposed in the county, and is only found along 
the bluffs of Crooked Creek, in Townships 4 



and 5, Range 4 West (Lamoine and Tennes- 
see). The upper part of this formation is us- 
ually a bluish calcareo-argillaceous shale, con- 
taining siliceous geodes. either filled with a 
mass of crystalline quartz, or hollow and lined 
within with quartz crystals, mammillary, chal- 
cedony, calcite and dolomite. Below this 
geode bed there is usually from thirty to forty 
feet of gray limestone, tne strata varying in 
thickness from a few inches to more than two 
feet and separated by partings of shale. The 
limestone beds consist mainly of the remains 
of organic beings — corals, crinoids and mol- 
lusca — that swarmed the primeval ocean; and 
the old quarries of limestone afford a rich 
field for the student to become acquainted 
with the varied and peculiar organic forms of 
this geological period. South of Colmar the 
grade of the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy 
Railroad cuts into the upper part of this lime- 
stone to the depth of several feet, and from 
the excavated material were obtained many 
characteristic fossils of this period in an ex- 
cellent state of preservation. 

A complete section of all the limestone be- 
low the Coal Measures in this county would 
show the following order of succession and 
thickness: Light gray brecciated limestone. 5 
to 10 feet; Calcareous sandstone, 12 feet; Mag- 
nesian limestone and shale, 10 to 12 feet; Ge- 
odiferous shales of the Keokuk bed, 20 to 30 
feet; Light gray chirty limestone. 30 to 40 
feet. 

EcoxoMicAi.. GEOi.ofiY. — As may be seen from 
a perusal of the foregoing pages, a large por- 
tion of this county is underlaid with coal, and 
although the seams that have been discovered 
are much thinner than those that outcrop in 
Schuyler and Fulton Counties, they have not 
only furnished an abundant supply of fuel for 
home consumption, but for many years thou- 
sands of tons have annually been shipped to 
adjoining counties. From Colchester alone the 
yearly shipments have for a long period 
amounted to about 500,000 tons, and, until 
within a few years past, the output equalled 
the shipments. 

The Colchester coal is of an excellent qual- 
ity, if taken out at some distance from the 
outcrop, where it has been exposed to atmos- 
pheric influences. It is hard, bright and com- 
paratively free from jiyrites, breaking freely 



HISTORY OF McDOXOUGH COl'XTY. 



635 



into cubic blocks when mined. As reported 
by Henry Pratten, in Dr. Norwood's "Analy- 
sis of Illinois Coals." the specific gravity of 
Colchester coal is 1.290. It loses 41.2 per cent, 
in coking, the complete analysis being as fol- 
lows: Moisture, o.4; volatile matters, 35. S; 
carbon coke, 56.8; ashes (light gray), 2.0. The 
coal consists of (iO.lO per cent, of carbon. 

The analysis shows it to be one of the best 
grades of .coal in the State, and its freedom 
from pyrites has always made it a favorite 
with blacksmiths. The coal from the lower 
seam is usually harder than that from the Col- 
chester vein, and less viniform in quality. No. 
3. if found at all in this county, would be met 
with in the uppermost layers of the bed rock 
and immediately underneath the bowlder 
clays, except at a few points where it might 
be overlaid by a few feet of sandstone or 
sandy shale. .\ boring carried down to a 
depth of two hundred feet would probably 
pass entirely through the Coal Measures in 
any portion of the county, and in the western 
part the subordinate limestone would be 
reached at a depth of 150 feet, or less. When 
the light gray brecciated limestone of the St. 
Louis group is reached, it is useless to bore 
further in search of coal. This limestone is so 
different in its appearance from any of the 
limestones in the lower part of the coal meas- 
ures that an expert would find no difficulty in 
identifying it, even by the smallest fragments 
taken up by the sand pump; hence it forms a 
reliable guide, both where it outcrops and 
where it may be reached by the drill, and de- 
termines the point below which no coal may 
be found. 

The following, taken from the report of J. A. 
Kavanaugh, Mine Inspector, for the year 1905. 
indicates the state of the coal-mining industry 
in McDonough County: Number of mines in 
operation. 72; miners employed. 299; total 
number of days operated. 10.986; bushels of 
coal mined. 1.076,461; average price and value 
of coal at mines, S*^ cents per bushel; total 
value of coal mined during the year 1905, $92.- 
519.18. The report shows a decrease of 378,- 
659 bushels, as compared with 1904. Only one 
accident occurred during the year, and that 
not fatal. The foregoing represents coal 
mined at Colchester, Tennessee, Birmingham, 
Blandinsville. La Harpe, Bushnell, Vermont. 
Industry and Macomb. In the entire county 



there are sixty-nine operators and dealers. 
The report also stated that each mine had been 
inspected and found in good working condi- 
tion. During the year 1905 a large mine owned 
by a corporation of which W. A. Compton was 
President, was opened at Littleton, on the Ma- 
comb & Western Illinois Railroad, and pos- 
sesses all the latest facilities for mining. 

Fire Clay. — The fire clay found in McDon- 
ough County is plentiful and of first class qual- 
ity. While manuiacturing drain tile at an 
early day, Mr. Horroeks found an excellent 
quality of clay near Colchester by sinking a 
shallow shaft down to the lower, or No. 1 coal, 
which at his works is about forty-five feet be- 
low the Colchester vein. The horizon of the 
lower coal furnishes an excellent article of fire 
and potter's clay in various portions of the 
State and county. In 1868 Messrs. Horroeks 
and Stevens Brothers erected tile-works just 
outside the limits of Bardolph. and for a quar- 
ter of a century increased their output of tile 
sewer-pipe and fire clay, with bricks of all di- 
mensions, the entire manufacture being of 
most excellent quality. The fire clay was noted 
throughout the country for its purity and fire- 
resisting qualities. The raw material has 
been found all along the north side of Crooked 
Creek from Bardolph to Tennessee, but the 
shipment of the manufactured product ceased 
with the destruction of the Bardolph Fire Clay 
Works, some years ago. 

Iron" Ore. — There is a band of iron ore very 
generally developed in connection with coal 
No. 1, and indications of its existence have 
been observed at other points in the county, 
though nowhere has it been found in work- 
able quantities. On the creek below Colches- 
ter Tile Works, a bed of very pure ore occurs 
about six inches thick, and it is quite probable 
that it may somewhere be found in the county 
of sufficient thickness to be of some economical 
value. In the adjoining county of Schuyler 
there are several bands of ore associated with 
the same coal, attaining an aggregate thick- 
ness of about two feet and yielding an analy- 
sis of about fifty-two per cent, of protoxide of 
iron. The ore is argillaceous — rich in carbon- 
ate of iron — and compares favorably in quality 
with (he best Pennsylvania ores, but is not 
found in sufficient quantities to justify mining. 



636 



HISTORY OF Mcdonough county. 



In Mound Township a deposit of bog iron-ore 
of good quality has been found and reported 
to be several leet in thickness, but the area 
covered has not been ascertained. Should it 
prove sufficiently extensive and pure as the 
samples indicate, it may be a valuable deposit: 
but to this date no person has been sufficiently 
interested to lurther investigate. 

Building Stoke. — The central and Western 
portions of the county have an abundant sup- 
ply of freestone from the sandstone bed inter- 
vening between coals Nos. 1 and 2. This is us- 
ually from ten to twelve feet in thickness (as 
worked), in the upper part the beds being 
from three to twenty inches in thickness, and 
capable of being quarried out in thin, even 
slabs, suitable for flagging pavements. The 
lower part of tiie seam of sandstone is quite 
massive, and splits evenly. At the McLean, 
Rowley and Stewart quarries, two miles west 
of Macomb, there is an exposure of about 
twelve feet of stone in the face of the quarry. 
The stone is rather coarse-grained sandstone, 
nearly white in color, and furnishes a very 
durable material for foundation walls, curbing 
and culverts. 

At the Hector-McLean quarries, half a mile 
west of the Rowley place, the sandstone is 
more regularly bedded, the layers varying 
from four to more than twelve inches in thick- 
ness and the stone being of better quality. Mr. 
McLean manufactures grindstones, whetstones, 
grave-stones and milk troughs, from the best 
portions of the quarry, and several of the 
veins were equal to any freestone in the coun- 
ty for color, regularity of grain and durability. 
Mr. Rowley invested a considerable amount of 
money in erecting the necessary buildings and 
machinery for the manufacture of grindstones, 
but it did not prove a remunerative investment 
and, within a few years, was abandoned. 

The sandstone is equivalent to that on the 
railroad west of Seaville, in Fulton County. 
The magnesian and arenaceous beds of the 
St. Louis group will afford excellent material 
for culverts and bridge abutments — in fact, as 
good as can be found in the State, since they 
are scarcely affected by changes in tempera- 
ture or climatic conditions. Good limestone 
for burning into quick-lime may be obtained 
on most of the tributaries of Crooked Creek, 
and on the east fork as tar north as Colchester, 



but not in sufficient quantities to justify the 
erection of kilns and other expensive appa- 
ratus. At an early day, before railroad facili- 
ties were available, a kiln or two had been 
erected and the product used by the early 
settlers, but never in sufficient quantities to 
encourage its manufacture to any great ex- 
tent; and to-day there is not a kiln in the 
county. 



CHAPTER VI. 



EARLY SETTLERS— THEIR HARDSHIPS. 



M DONOUGH COUNTY PIONEERS AND PROBLEMS THEY 
H.\n TO MEET — HARDSHIPS OF THE EMKlRANTs' 
JOURNEY — REMINISCENCES OF A PIONEER — BUILD- 
ING AIND furnishing a PIONEER HOME — BREAK- 
ING THE PRAIRIE SOD THE COLD WINTER AND 

DEEP SNOW OF 1830-31 — SUDDEN FREEZE OF 1832 
— FOOD AND CLOTHING PROBLEMS — BLACK HAWK 
WAR — EXPERIENCE OF A CALIFORNIA GOLD-SEEKEB 
— CHILLS AND FEVEB TROUBLES CROPS AND BUSI- 
NESS METHODS "wild-cat" CURRENCY AND PRO- 
DUCE PRICES — AVERAGE LOG HOUSE AND ITS 
DOMESTIC LIFE — AMUSEMENTS — W.\GES — LWE- 
STOCK PRICES — • ABSENCE OF LABOR-SAVING MA- 
CHINERY CONTBA.ST PRESENTED BY PEE.SENT 

CONDITIONS. 

The McDonough County pioneers, as well as 
those in other parts of the State, had many 
difficulties to contend with, beginning with 
their journeys from civilization to their prairie 
homes. For many weary miles their routes lay 
through a rough country; swamps, marshes, 
creeks and larger streams were crossed with 
much hardship and dangerous labor. Their 
teams were often stalled in fords deep with 
mud, being obliged to unload the numerous 
members of the family and their worldly goods. 
At night they were obliged to camp on the 
open prairie, subject to storms of rain accom- 
panied with terrific thunder and vivid light- 
ning. It was enough to strike dismay to the 
hearts of these strangers in a strange land 
when the rain came down in sheets of water, 
penetrating the canvas of the covered wagon 
and sometimes upsetting them, with the camp 





m4. 




IIISTURV Ui- McUUXULGH COUNTY. 



637 



tents, while the horses and cattle would be 
stampeded — such misfortunes causing the 
hardy emigrant many hours of anxious search 
before the family was ready to proceed. Some- 
times the streams would suddenly swell in vol- 
ume, making it hazardous to cross them. The 
only alternative was to camp on the banks until 
the angry stream had subsided. Such experi- 
ences upon the road were often continued for 
months; but, through them all. the eyes of the 
settler were ever turned westward. The wife 
and children, full of energy and pluck, ably 
seconded the efforts of the worthy sire to 
secure a home and haven of rest for those he 
loved. The boy of twelve to eighteen years, 
and the girl of equal age, proved ready assist- 
ants, early assuming the duties of helpmates to 
their parents and finally being placed in charge 
of the household and the farm. 

What a contrast between the Then and Now! 
Today, w-e travel royally on the railroad, having 
our comfortable beds, excellent tables set with 
the best the land affords, bath-rooms, barber 
shops, reading-rooms, writing desks and sta- 
tionery; in a word, there is no comfort found 
in our private dwellings which is not duplicated 
on the railroad or steamboat. And yet one 
often hears comi)laints made by the modern 
traveler, on the ground of fatigue or a short 
delay. A little pioneering would do the grum- 
bler good. 

Well, the settler at length arrives at his 
destination. Soon the anxious father and fam- 
ily proceed with their own hands to erect some 
kind of a habitation: and thus pioneer life 
begins. 

Re.mi.nisce.nces of .V Pioneer. — In order to 
give what would be termed Personal Experi- 
ence in pioneering, the following account (with 
some slight changes in verbiage) is presented 
as related by Ira C. Bridges, of Industry, one 
of the oldest settiers in the county: 

"I (Mr. Bridges) was born in Morgan 
County, 111., August 20, 1S25, my parents coming 
hither from the State of Tennessee in 1823. 
There (in Morgan County) they resided until 
November, 1829, when they located in McDon- 
ough County, at that time composing a part 
of Schuyler County. With my maternal grand- 
father, James Vance, the Bridges family lo- 
cated in the south part of the county. Mr. 
Vance having removed to that locality In 1823. 



Mr. Vance was a .Justice of the Peace from 1825 
until the county was organized in 1830. He was 
one of the first County Commissioners, was the 
first Postmaster in his section of the county, 
and assisted in naming and laying out the city 
of Macomb. Mrs. Bridges' father had located 
on eighty acres of prairie land adjoining the 
timber, and there built a small log house. In 
its construction not a nail was used; half of the 
floor was laid with linn-wood puncheons — that 
is, split logs: mother earth furnished the other 
half, and contributed to the construction of the 
hearth, fire-place back and jambs, surmounted 
by a stick chimney — that is, made up of small 
sticks plastered over with mortar made of com- 
mon clay. The door was made of clapboards 
(split timber), with wooden latch and hinges. 
Bedsteads were made by boring two-inch auger 
holes in the logs, constituting the walls, erect- 
ing posts at a suitable distance for the width 
of a bed, and then stretching poles between 
them and the wall. Clapboards were laid on 
the poles for a bottom, and on top of this was 
placed a tick filled with prairie hay, surmount- 
ed finally by a feather bed, stuffed with the 
soft down which the mother had plucked from 
her geese. A most excellent bed was the re- 
sult. We had two such in our small room, and 
the family enjoyed themselves and came out 
all right in the spring of 1830. 

Grandfather Vance erected a small horse-mill, 
which ground the corn-meal for the entire 
county. My parents had fifteen children, and 
all were raised on com bread and bacon. The 
father broke up ten acres of prairie, and cut- 
ting the overturned sod with an ax, planted the 
first crop of corn therein (sod corn). Water- 
melons and pumpkins were produced abundant- 
ly; and. altogether, the family lived on the 
fat of the land. In the summer it was neces- 
sary to add another room to our palace; and 
we felt quite comfortable and were no longer 
crowded. 

"The plow used for breaking prairie was 
called the barshare; its mold-board was of 
wood, the bar and shoe (or point) of steel, and 
with six yoke of oxen attached, it cut a furrow 
from sixteen to eighteen inches in width. It 
took a stout man to hold the plow, while the 
bare-footed boy did the driving. Often, on fin- 
ishing a land, there would be a snake-killing, 
as the reptiles were very numerous in the 
early days. 



638 



HISTORY OF Mcdonough col'xty. 



••The winter of 1S30-31 proved to be very se- 
vere, on account of an unusually heavy fall of 
snow which continued on the ground for sev- 
eral months, causing much suffering. The lit- 
tle corn that was raised could be reached only 
after much digging and great labor, and both 
the deer and turkeys died for want of food. 
As we could not go to mill, we made graters 
for the manufacture of meal and for the sup- 
ply of our daily bread, mush and hominy. The 
cold was intense, to add to our sufferings. We 
would cut down a tree, haul it to the house 
door, roll on big backlogs and fill in along the 
front; and then the family would sit around 
the roaring fire and sing all day long — there 
were no pianos then. 

"In 1S31-32 the Indians were quite numerous 
and troublesome. The Governor called out 
troops, and, after some parleying, the Black 
Hawk War ended by the Indians agreeing to 
leave the State. Only a few remained to steal 
stock and otherwise make nuisances of them- 
selves. Among those caught in thefts was 
Black Hawk himself, and Thomas Bridges, a 
cousin of mine, had the honor of giving him a 
cow-hiding — after which all the Indians left. 
(The Black Hawk War occurred in 1832, 
though there had been much disturbance dur- 
ing the previous year. — Ed.) 

"Our churches were few and far between. 
There were a few Hard-Shell Baptists, but the 
Missionary Baptists, under Elder John Logan, 
organized a church among the neighbors and 
preached from house to house. Although the 
preacher stood behind a chair for a pulpit the 
people showed themselves eager to hear the 
Gospel — much more, it seems to me, than they 
do now. This church organization continued 
for some years. Mr. Logan then removed to 
Macomb, and the congregation recognized that 
place as their church home. 

"In the pioneer days we were much pestered 
with -wolves, as they made sad havoc with our 
calves, pigs and sheep. Father made a wolf 
trap, and caught quite a number. He received 
$5 for each scalp, which proved quite useful to 
pay taxes with, money being then very scarce. 
We continued to break a few acres of land 
each year. In 1832 emigration became quite 
extensive. 

"There being many ponds throughout the 
county, and the vegetation dense, malaria, with 
chills and fever, became quite prevalent; in 



fact, hardly any person was exempt. The few 
doctors in the county did what they could with 
calomel, and quinine and bleeding, when the 
case became serious. The fever would leave 
the patient very weak and listless, with skin of 
yellowish hue, and with an anxious, far-away 
look, which would cling to him for years, or un- 
til the disease was completely worn out by 
time and better sanitary conditions by way of 
drainage. 

"Crops of all kinds were abundant, the soil 
producing luxuriantly, but the prices obtained, 
on account of distance from market and imper- 
fect means of transportation, were at a low 
ebb compared with those of today. Pork sold 
at $1.25 per hundred pounds, dressed; corn, 
to emigrants going west, at 8 to 10 cents per 
bushel; and wheat (which had to be hauled 
to Beardstown) at 25 to 30 cents per bushel. 
Sales of produce were made on the principle 
of barter or exchange — that is, exchanged for 
store goods. Cattle were very cheap, buyers 
coming from Jacksonville and elsewhere south 
of McDonough, getting them at their own 
prices. 

••Our wheat was threshed on the ground by 
horses trampling on the sheaves. The separat- 
ing was done with wooden forks; there was 
not a steel fork, or an iron shovel or scoop in 
the county. The first threshing separator ma- 
chine was built a-nd introduced into the county 
by Dallamand & Imes, the builders, in 1852. 
This changed our entire method of preparing 
grain for the market, and to us it was a most 
wonderful improvement. 

"In 1850 the California fever struck our 
neighborhood, and, with many others, I started 
for the Golden West. We left McDonough 
County on the 20th of March, of that year, and 
arrived at Hangtown, in California, on the 12th 
of August, after five months of weary pilgrim- 
age spent in crossing the great plains and des- 
erts of the West. We saw numerous bands of » 
Indians, large herds of buffaloes, deer, prairie 
dogs, antelopes, rattlesnakes and many other 
animals — not a few of which were welcomed to 
our camp kettles. Our route was by way of 
Fort Kearney, up the South Platte River to Ash 
Hollow, where it was crossed, thence by way 
of the Black Hills, to Fort Laramie, Sweet Wa- 
ter and Devil's Gate, and through the South 
Pass of the Rocky Mountains and down the 
Humboldt River to 'the Sink,' where it enters 



\ 




,^42^yic/i<i .-^{/iciyL^ 



">*< 



HISTORY OI" M(l)()X()l'(;H couxtv 



639 



the ground; then across a grassless, waterless 
desert of fifty miles to the Sierra Nevada 
Mountains, and over the mountains to Hang- 
town. This was an old mining town, which re- 
ceived its name from the hanging there of two 
notorious thieves. There I remained and work- 
ed over two years. I had the usual success of 
these early miners — made little money, but 
gained great experience and saw much of the 
world. 1 returned by way of Panama, by steam- 
er, to New York, and thence home." 

Mr. Bridges furnishes much more of his valu- 
able and interesting history, but as this covers 
the early period of his life in connection with 
the first settling of McDonough County, other 
portions of his narrative will be reserved for 
later pages. 

DkkI' Sxow HI' 1830-31. — One of the most nota- 
ble events in the memory of the early set- 
tlers of McDonough County, as it was with 
those of the same period in other iwrtions of 
Illinois, was the "Deep Snow" of the winter of 
1S30-31. Clarke's "History of McDonough 
County" (1S7S), referring to this event, says: 

"The snow began to fall the night of the 
twenty-ninth of December (1830), and contin- 
ued to fall tor three days and nights, until it 
reached an average depth of about four feet, 
drifting in places as high as eighteen or twenty 
feet. Great suffering was e.xperienced in con- 
sequence. The settlers relied for their daily 
food upon the Indian corn which they were 
enabled to raise, together with the wild game, 
which was abundant at that time. Plenty of 
the former was raised to supply the wants of 
all until the ne.xt season's crop; but when the 
snow fell, but little had been gathered. Game 
could not be had. The great depth of the snow 
was a barrier to all travel, and it may well be 
imagined the sufferings of the people were 
great indeed. In a letter, published in the 
March (1876) number of "Clarke's Monthly,' 
Hon. .lames Clarke thus graphically described 
the situation: 

" 'The snow fell to an average depth of 
about four feet, and remained on the ground 
for about three months. Before the snow fell 
the deer were as fat as could be. and before 
it passed away they were so poor they were 
not fit to eat. Wild turkeys would fall from 



the limbs of trees. The morning after the 
snow my wife was about three hours shoveling 
it from our cabin. We then lived about one 
hundred yards from the house lately occupied 
by Isaac Haines, a little southwest of .Macomb. 
1 did not have my corn gathered, and had a 
gcod-sized family to feed, and had five horses 
and some cattle. As soon as possible I sent 
John VV'ilson, the young man afterward mur- 
dered by McFadden, with the horses to Mor- 
gan County to have them kept through the 
winter. Each day we would have to go out 
to the field, and where we could see a stalk 
of corn standing above the snow, reach down 
until we came to the ear, pull it olT. gathering 
enough for the day. There were no mills in 
the country, and each family would, with a 
mortar and pestle, pound their corn so as to 
make bread. A few were fortunate enough to 
have a large grater with which they wo.ild 
grate up the corn. The first thing done each 
morning would be to build the fire and put on 
a big pot of water in which the corn would 
be thrown and boiled a while, then taken out 
and grated and made into good, wholesome 
bread. This, with what game we could get, 
was what we had to live on during the long 
winter. 

" 'Several families came to the county that 
fall, and. of course, had no corn. All things 
were then held more in common. Those that 
had none were welcome to help themselves 
from their more fortunate neighbors, all that 
was required of them being that they should 
gather it themselves. Resin Naylor. better 
known as "Boss" Naylor. was one of that class, 
and it was a little amusing to see him go out 
to the fields, walking for a time on top of 
the snow, on which a crust was formed, but 
now and then going through, getting his corn, 
and come in blowing like a porpoise and sweat- 
ing dreadfully. But we all managed to live, 
and had good cause to be thankful it was no 
worse. The young men and women of this 
flay have little knowledge of what a pioneer 
life consisted. Away out upon an almost bound- 
less prairie, far from home and kindred, with 
an opportunity of hearing from them only 
every few months, it was dreary indeed, but 
how different it is now! However far the dis- 
tance, they can be communicated with in a 
few moments' time.' " 



640 



HISTORY UF McDOXUUGH COUNTY. 



The Sudden Freeze of 1S32. — Another mem- 
orable event, ot a character somewhat similar 
to that Just described, occurred in the latter 
part of the winter of 1832 — the year after the 
"Deep Snow" — when, within a space of fifteen 
minutes, the weather changed from a mild 
thaw to a severe freeze, causing much suffer- 
ing throughout the State, especially in the 
northern and western portions, accompanied 
by much loss of life. This incident is men- 
tioned in most ot the local histories. Clarke's 
"History" gives the following brief account of 
the experiences of some of the early settlers 
of McDonough County in connection with that 
event: 

"On the sixteenth day of March, 1S32, David 
Clarke and William Carter were returning from 
Frederick to Macomb, each with a wagonload 
of goods. On the morning of this day' they 
left the residence of a man living near Dodds- 
ville, and proceeded about a mile when it be- 
came so cold tney could go no farther. Un- 
hitching their oxen from tne wagons, they 
broke for the nearest house, barely reaching 
it alive. On this same day two men left 
Blandinsville for Fort Madison, the weather 
at starting being comparatively pleasant. They 
had gone but a short distance when they dis- 
covered they were freezing. One of the party 
hurried off for help, which was obtained, and, 
on going back, the other party was found, but 
a short distance from where he was left, 
frozen to death. Again, on the morning of the 
same day, a man left Macomb for his home 
near Blandinsville, or Job's Settlement, and 
had reached the prairie on the north, when 
the change in the weather occurred. Unhitch- 
ing his oxen, he started them toward the tim- 
ber, at the same time catching hold and hold- 
ing on to their tails. The oxen brought up 
at a house not very far distant, and the men en- 
deavored to loosen his hands, but was unable 
to do so, and the inmates of the cabin were 
compelled to pull him loose, the entire skin of 
his hands coming oft in doing so." 

Food and Clothixc Problejis — Domestic Life 
— During the first few years of their settlement 
in the county the early i)ioneers were com- 
pelled to make strenuous efforts to procure 
food and clothing for the most pressing wants 
of their families. The first small crops were 
frequently threshed with flails of their own 
making, and the grain trampled out by colts 



on a closely cut sod. The grain was carefully 
swept up and winnowed in the breeze by pour- 
ing it from some elevation upon a sheet spread 
on the ground. The first threshing machine 
was a "terror;" it was called a "chaff piler." 
The mechanism consisted simply of a concave 
wooden cylinder, set with iron teeth not al- 
ways firmly fastened; and, as when they broke 
loose they flew out with fearful velocity, many 
accidents happened from this defect. The 
straw, dirt, chaff and grain were hurled from 
it in masses; grains ot wheat came flying from 
the cloud of stuff and rattled around like bird 
shot — the entire process begriming the thresh- 
ers with smut and dirt, which necessitated a 
scrubbing with soft soap and an abundance 
of water. 

There were, of course, no granaries or barns 
in those days, and the threshed grain was usu- 
ally stored at the place of threshing in cribs, 
the latter constructed of common rails so laid 
that the thin edges were toward the outer side. 
The crib was made to flare outwardly toward 
the top, thus protecting the contents from the 
rain. The bottom was also made of flat rails 
laid closely together and raised a foot or more 
from the ground, the whole being lined with 
straw, which prevented the grain from escaping 
through the crevices between the rails. When 
the crib was filled it was roofed over with 
rails, straw and prairie hay. This covering 
would keep out rain, but the ravages of rats 
and mice were very destructive. When the 
wheat or oats was needed for the market or 
domestic use, what was called a wind-mill was 
used to clean the grain — the forerunner of the 
separator of today. This proved hard work for 
the boys, and much grain was lost by these 
Ijrimitive methods; but within a few years all 
was changed, and the excellent threshing ma- 
chines of the present day save grain, labor and 
expense. Corn was snapped and put in piles, 
when the neighbors were invited to help shuck 
it, or it was husked in the field and cribbed 
the same as wheat, excepting the straw was 
not needed. 

As there were no cellars, the potatoes were 
kept in good order over the winter by smooth- 
ing a circle, some six or eight feet in diameter, 
on some dry place in the patch, piling the fresh- 
ly dug potatoes upon it, in pyramidal form, then 
covering them with a layer of straw like a 
thatch and shoveling on this a thin banking of 
earth. At the foot of the mound a shallow 



IIISTURY Ul' McUUXCJLGH CUUXTY. 



641 



ditch was dug, encircling it for drainage, and 
the hole was covered with coarse prairie grass 
to shed the rain. As winter a|)|)roached more 
covering was put on to exclude the frost, but 
with care not to have it too warm, and in the 
spring the potatoes were as fresh as when first 
dug. 

The money 01 the country was scarce, barter 
being the principal means of exchange up to 
late in the 'fifties. True, coin alone was a legal 
tender, but there was not enough of it in circu- 
lation here to transact one-tenth of the neces- 
sary business. So paper money, of all de- 
scriptions and denominations, was issued un- 
der such euphonious names as "red-dog," "wild- 
cat," "stump-tail" and "shin plasters." This 
crude stuff freely circulated as currency and 
counterfeits abounded. The bills of the same 
denominations issued by different banks had 
as many values, which fluctuated from day to 
day. At every payment of money the Bank 
Note Reporter was always consulted, and the 
current value of each bill computed. It would 
be impossible to exaggerate the bewildering 
and worthless variety of bills and tokens which 
were in circulation in this Western country. 

These conditions naturally caused barter to 
be the usual method of exchange. In the early 
days every store had a general assortment of 
articles needed by the settler, and would take 
from him in trade almost any product of his 
farm. The parties to the transaction would 
mutually agree on the price of the articles, 
which would be charged up to the account of 
the farmer, and every six or twelve months the 
merchant would foot up the balances and take 
the farmer's note drawing interest at ten i)er 
cent, per annum. He would accept dressed 
pork at $1.25; potatoes at 10 to 12% cents per 
bushel: chickens at 6 to 10 cents apiece; eggs 
at 4 to S cents per dozen, and butter at from 
7 to 12 cents per pound. He would charge the 
farmer for calico 25 to 35 cents per yard, for 
sugar 10 to 15 cents per pound, and 25 cents 
for loaf. Every artisan and professional man 
took "store pay" for part of his bill, and wood, 
a cow, a pig, or "farm truck" for a goodly por- 
tion of the balance. How the settler's wife 
managed to endure the hardships and Incon- 
veniences of those times and make her family 
comfortable is a marvel. 

The average log house was about 14x16 feet 
in size, and had a low loft for beds, which was 



reached by a ladder, or an open, steep, narrow 
stairway away in one corner. After the saw- 
mills were started a "lean-to" for a sort of 
summer kitchen, and perhaps another for a 
bed-room, were added. The water was hard, 
and the housewife had to soften it with ashes. 
She made her own soap, and at first she dipped 
and molded her own candles. She dried her 
own wild fruit as she could get it; often milked 
the cows (out of doors), and always cared for 
the milk, cream and butter; spun, wove and 
made the children's clothes; did the daily 
cooking, and also saw that the hens were per- 
forming their daily duties, as her pin money 
depended much on the efforts of hendom. 

Matches were almost unknown. The flint 
and steel, with tinder or i)unk. were often 
used, and some fortunate householders had sun 
glasses. Fire was carefully buried in the ashes 
and kept over night, and if. unfortunately, it 
went out. it was the wife who had to borrow 
some live coals from a neighbor. The house 
was so small, and the presence of so many 
men were required to do the farm work, that 
the wife had neither place nor time for privacy 
or rest; and yet how gracefully and bravely 
she adapted herself to the necessary surround- 
ings, and. with the "men folks." toiled content- 
edly and hapi)ily to found these pioneer homes. 

All the slaughtering and the dressing, as 
well as the preserving of the pork and beef, 
was done on the farm, and the farmer's wife 
"tried out" the lard and tallow, and made the 
sausage and head cheese. Whenever an animal 
was butchered a portion of the meat was dis- 
tributed among the neighbors, who. in turn, 
reciprocated the favor. The scarcity of fruit 
was felt for a number of years, until the or- 
chards began to bear. The wild fruits, it is 
true, were abundant during the short season, 
and were carefully preserved by the ever busy 
housewives. Dried pumpkin was a common 
table fruit, and the magnificent pies, over an 
inch thick, that were such welcome visitors at 
every farmer's table. Puni|)kin "sass." bread, 
pancakes, salt pork and potatoes, and milk 
gravy, were the regular and monotonous daily 
diet. 

Game and fish were abundant, but usually 
the men were too busy to secure their capture 
or prepare them for food. In winter the chil- 
dren caught numbers of prairie chickens and 
quails in the old-fashioned "figure-4 traps." 



642 



HISTORY OF -McDOXOUGH COUNTY. 



Fishing excursions, turkey-shoots and wolf 
hunts were the larger sports of the men; while 
tea parties and quiltings interested the women, 
and dancing parties, singing schools, spelling 
matches, corn-huskings and pumpkin parings 
were the entertainments of the young people. 
Oxen usually did the greater part of the team 
work, and often hauled merry parties of young 
folks to these frolics. 

Hired men, working by the year, received 
about $8 or $fl per month, and their board and 
washing; the hired girl had from $1 to ?2 per 
week. A fairly good cow was worth from $7 
to $10: an ordinary yoke of oxen from $3.5 to 
$60, and a horse about the same. There were 
very few cash sales at any price, as barter was 
the rule, and the people in the coimty, as com- 
pared with their present condition, were finan- 
cially very poor. 

But such men and women were made of the 
stuff which builds nations. They had no pian- 
os, organs, sewing machines or other species 
of labor-saving machinery; in fact, simple and 
primitive as were the implements of their la- 
bor, they made the great majority of them. 
Their agricultural implements, save only 
the breaking plow, they fashioned themselves; 
all the harrows, corn-plows and such other aids 
and helps as were of wooden construction, were 
made by the handy farmer. A ten-year-old boy 
may now sit upon a buggy-seat with a surrey 
top, and break up twice as much ground as a 
stalwart farmer in the strenuous pioneer per- 
iod. The girls even, of the long ago, would 
drop the corn. and. when a poor stand was ob- 
tained, would replant the crop with a hoe. 
In haying season they would rake up the hay. 
and in threshing time would ride the horses 
that hauled the straw from the threshing ma- 
chine; they would carry lunch and water to 
the harvest hands, and do all cheerfully and 
with dispatch. In a word, the young women 
were healthy and splendid specimens of wom- 
anhood, and as the young men were of the 
same fiber, the generation which now consti- 
tute the middle-aged residents of the county, 
upon whose shoulders rests the main responsi 
bility for the well-being and advancement of 
its communities, have inherited the stalwart- 
ness of their pioneer ancestors as a guarantee 
that the imposed trusts will not only be suc- 
cessfully borne, but increased in value a hun- 
dred-fold. Thus will the impress of the hardy, 



honest and able founders of McDonough County 
be made upon unnumbered generations, and 
the Christian tenor of their noble lives be in- 
definitely continued, broadened and intensified 
by modern methods, institutions and individ- 
uals. 



CH.\PTER VII. 



POLITICAL. 



ST.\TK OFFICERS — LI.ST OF GOVERNCBS WITH TEKMS 
OF OFFICE — LIEUTENANT-GOVERNORS .\ND SECRE- 
AKIES OF STATE — UNITED STATES SEXAT0R.1 — 
CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICTS OF WHICH JI'DONOUGII 
COl NTY HAS FORMED A PART LIST OF REPRE- 
SENTATIVES FOR SAME DISTRICTS IN CONGRESS — 
LEGISLATIVE .APPORTIONMENTS .\ND LIST OF STATE 
SEN.A.TORS AND REPRESENT.\TIVES. 

There have been twenty-three gubernatorial 
elections since the organization of the State 
of Illinois. Governor Bissell died while in of- 
fice, and Reynolds, Oglesby and Cullom re- 
signed to accept places in the Congress of the 
United States — Reynolds as Representative, 
and Oglesby and Cullom as Senators. In con- 
sequence of these vacancies, four Lieutenant- 
Governors have succeeded to the Governorship. 
Under the Constitution of 181S the Governor 
was not eligible to immediate re-election for a 
second term, but the Constitution of 1S4S re- 
moved this prohibition, and Governor French, 
who was in office at the time of adoption of 
the latter, became his own successor. Oglesby 
was three times elected to the office, French 
twice and Cullom twice; so that with twenty- 
three elections but nineteen men have been 
chosen to the office; but as four Lieutenant- 
Governors have filled the office for fractional 
terms as successors to those formally elected 
Governors, there have been as many different 
Governors as elections, viz., twenty-three. 

Of the twenty-three persons who have held 
the office of Governor but two (the last two to 
be elected) have been natives of the State, 
though the others all came to Illinois early 
in life, and were closely identified with its in- 



HISTORY OK .\kD()X()l"(;il lOrXTV 



643 



terests at the time of their election; seven 
were born in Kentuclvy, four in New York, two 
in Pennsylvania, two in Maryland, two in Vir- 
ginia and two in Illinois, and one each in New 
Hampshire, Ohio, Indiana and Prussia. The 
following is a list of Governors from the or- 
ganization of the State Government in ISIS, to 
the i)resent time, with politics, date of inaug- 
uration and place (or county) of residence: 

Shadrach Uond (Dem.), Oct. 6, 181S; St. 
Clair. 

Edward Coles (Dem.), Dec. 5, 1822; Madi- 
son. 

.\inian Kdwards (Dem.), Dec. Ifi, 1S2r,: Madi- 
son. 

John Reynolds (Dem.), Dec. 6, 1S30; St. Clair, 
(Resigned Nov. 17, 1S34). 

William L. D. Ewing (Dem.), Nov. 17, 1S34; 
Fayette, (Vice Reynolds). 

Joseph Duncan (Dem.), Dec. 3, 1S34; Mor- 
gan. 

Thomas Carlin (Dem.), Dec. 7, 1838; Greene. 

Thomas Ford (Dem.), Dec. 8, 1842; Ogle. 

Augustus C. French (Dem.), Jan. 9, 1S46; 
Crawford, (Re-elected under constitution of 
1848.) 

Joel A. Matteson (Dem.), Jan. 10, 1853; Will. 

William H. Uissell (Rep.), Jan. 12, 1857; Mon 
roe, (Died March 15, 1860.) 

John Wood (Rep.), March 21, 1860; Adams, 
(Lieutenant-Governor; succeeded Bissell.) 

Richard Yates (Rep.), Jan. 14, 1861; Mor- 
gan. 

Richard J. Oglesby (Rep.), Jan. 16, 1865; 
Macon. 

John M. Palmer (Rep.), Jan. 11, 1869; Ma- 
coupin. 

Richard J. Oglesby (Rep.), Jan. 13, 1873; 
Macon, (Resigned Jan. 23, 1873; elected United 
States Senator.) 

John L. Beveridge (Rep.), ,Jan. 23, 1873; 
Cook, (Vice Oglesby.) 

Shelby M. Cullom (Rep.), Jan. 8, 1877; San- 
gamon. 

Shelby M. Cullom (Rep.), Jan. 10, 1881, San- 
gamon, (Resigned Feb. 6, 1883: elected United 
States Senator.) 

John M. Hamilton (Rep.), Feb. 6, 1883; Mc- 
Lean. (Vice Cullom, resigned.) 

Richard J. Oglesby (Rep.), Jan. 30, 1885; 
Macon. 

.Toseph W. Fifer (Rep.), Jan. 14, 1SS9; Mc- 
Lean. 



John P. Altgeld (Ueni.), Jan. 9, 1893; Cook. 
John R. Tanner (Rep.), Jan. 11, 1897; Clay. 
Richard Yates, Jr., (Rep.), Jan. 14. 1901; 
Morgan. 
Charles S. Deneen (Rep.), Jan.. 1905; Cook. 

LiKiTK.NANT-GovKHNoits. — Following is a list 
of the Lieutenant-Governors of tne State cover- 
ing the same period as the preceding one: 

Pierre Menard (Dem.), Oct. 6, 1818; Ran- 
dolph. 

Adolphus T. Hubbard (Dem.), Dec. 5, 1822; 
Gallatin. 

William Kinney (Dem.), Dec. 6, 1826; St. 
Clair. 

Zadok Casey (Dem.), Dec. 9, 1830; Jeffer- 
son, (Resigned March 1, 1833.) 

William L. D. Ewing (Dem.), March 1, 1833; 
Fayette, (President pro tern, of Senate — Acting 
Lieutenant-Governor. ) 

Ale.x. M. Jenkins (Dem.), Dec. 5, 1834; Jack- 
son, (Resigned.) 

William H. Davidson (Dem.), Dec. 9, 1836; 
White, (President of Senate — Acting Lieuten- 
ant-Governor.) 

Stinson H. Anderson (Dem.), Dec. 7, 1838; 
Jefferson. 

John Moore (Dem.). Dec. 8, 1842; McLean. 

.Toseph B. Wells (Dem.), Dec. 9, 1846; Rock 
Island. 

William McMurtry (Dem.), Jan. 8, 1849; 
Knox. 

Gustavus Koernor (Dem.). Jan. 10, 1853; St. 
Clair. 

John Wood (Rep.). Jan. 12, 1857; Adams, 
(Succeeded Governor Bissell, deceased.) 

Thomas .\. Marshall (Dem.), Jan. 7. 1861; 
Coles, (President pro tern, of Senate, and Act- 
ing Lieutenant-Governor.) 

Francis A. Hoffman (Re)).), Jan. 14, 1861; 
Cook. 

William Bross (Rep.), Jan. 16, 1865; Cook. 

John Dougherty (Rep.), Jan. 11, 1869; Un- 
ion. 

John L. Beveridge (Rep.), Jan. 13, 1873; 
Cook. (Succeeded Oglesby as Governor.) 

John Early (Rep.). Jan. 23, 1873: Winne- 
ba.go, (President pro tern, of Senate and Acting 
Lieutenant-Governor) . 

Archibald A. Glenn (Dem.). Jan. 8. 1875; 
Brown, (President pro tern, of Senate, and Act 
ing Lieutenant-Governor.) 

Andrew Shuman (Rep.), Jan. 8, 1877; Cook. 



644 



HISTORY OF Mcdonough county. 



John M. Hamilton (Rep.), Jan. 10, ISSl; Mc- 
Lean, (Succeeded Cullom as Governor on elec- 
tion of latter to U. S. Senate.) 

William J. Campbell (Rep.), Feb. 6, 1883; 
Cook, (President of Senate, and Acting Lieu- 
tenant-Governor. ) 

John C. Smim (Rep.), Jan. 30, 1885; Cook. 

Lyman B. Ray (Rep.), Jan. 14, 1889; Grun- 
dy. 

Joseph B. Gill (Dem.), Jan. 9. 1893; Jack- 
son. 

William A. Northcott (Rep.), Jan. 11, 1897; 
Bond. 

William A. Northcott (Rep.), Jan. 14, 1901; 
Bond. 

Lawrence Y. Sherman (Rep.), January, 1905; 
McDonough. 

SECRET.vBrES OF STATE. — FoUowing are the 
Secretaries of State up to date: 

Elias Kent Kane (Dem.), Oct. 8, 1818; Kas- 
kaskia, (Resigned Dec. 16, 1822. Elected to 
U. S. Senate.) 

Samuel D. Lockwood (Dem.), Dec. IS, 1822; 
Madison, (Resigned April 2, 1823.) 

David Blackwell (Dem.), April 2, 1823; St. 
Clair, (Resigned Oct. 15, 1824.) 

Morris Birkbeck (Dem.), Oct. 15, 1824; Ed- 
wards, (Resigned Jan. 15, 1825.) 

George Forquer (Dem.), Jan. 15, 1825; San- 
gamon, (Resigned Dec. 31, 1828.) 

Alex. P. Field (Dem.), Jan. 23, 1829; Union, 
(Removed Nov. 30, 1840.) 

Stephen A. Douglas (Dem.), Nov. 30, 1840; 
Morgan, (Resigned Feb. 27, 1841.) 

Lyman Trumbull (Dem.), March 1, 1841: St. 
Clair, (Removed March 4, 1843.) 

Thompson Campbell (Dem.), March 6, 1843; 
Jo Daviess, (Resigned Dec. 23, 1846,) 

Horace S. Cooley (Dem.), Jan. 8, 1849; Ad- 
ams, (Appointed by Governor French.) 

Horace S. Cooley (Dem.), Jan. 8, 1849; Ad- 
ams, (Elected under Constitution of 1848: died 
April 2, 1850.) 

David L. Gregg (Dem.), April 2, 1850; Cook. 

Alex. Starne (Dem.), Jan. 10, 1853; Pike. 

Ozias M. Hatch (Rep.), Jan, 12, 1857; Pike. 

Ozias M. Hatch (Rep.), Jan. 14, 1861; Pike. 

Sharon Tyndale (Rep.). Jan. 16. 1865; St. 
Clair. 

Edward Runimel (Rep.), Jan. 11. 1869; Pe- 
oria. 

George H. Harlow (Rep.). Jan. 13, 1873: 
Tazewell. 



George H. Harlow (Rep.), Jan. 8, 1877; Taze- 
well. 

Henry D. Dement (Rep.), Jan. 17, 1881; Lee. 

Henry D. Dement (Rep.), Jan. 30, 1885; Lee. 

Isaac N. Pearson (Rep.), Jan. 14, 1889; Mc- 
Donough. 

William H. Hinrichsen (Dem.), Jan. 9, 1893; 
Morgan. 

James A. Rose (Rep.), Jan. 11, 1897; Pope, 
re-elected in 1900 and 1904, now (1907) serving 
third term. 

United St.\tes Sex.\tors. — Following is a list 
of United States Senators from Illinois, since 
the organization of the State, with the period 
of incumbency and place of residence: 

Ninian Edwards (Dem.), 1818-19; Kaskaskia. 

Jesse B. Thomas (Dem.), 1818-23, Kaskaskia. 

Ninian Edwards (Dem.), 1819-24, Bdwards- 
ville. 

Jesse B. Thomas (Dem.), 1823-29, Edwards- 
ville. 

John McLean (Dem.), 1824-25, Shawneetown, 
(Vice Edwards, resigned.) 

Elias Kent Kane (Dem.), 1825-31. Kaskaskia, 
(Succeeded McLean.) 

John McLean (Dem.), 1829-30; Shawneetown, 
(Died October 14, 1830.) 

David J. Baker (Dem.), Nov. 12 to Dec. 11, 
1830, Kaskaskia, (Appointed to succeed Mc- 
Lean.) 

John M. Robinson (Dem.), 1830-31, Carmi, 
(Successor of Baker.) 

Elias Kent Kane (Dem.), 1831-35, Kaskaskia, 
(Died December 12, 1S35.) 

John M. Robinson (Dem.), 1835-41, Carmi, 
(Own successor.) 

William L. D. Ewing (Dem.), 1835-37, Vanda- 
lia, (Vice Kane, deceased.) 

Richard M. Young (Dem.), 1837-43, Jones- 
boro, (Successor to Ewing.) 

Samuel McRoberts (Dem.), 1841-43, Water- 
loo, (Died March 22, 1843.) 

Sidney Breese (Dem.), 1843-49, Carlyle, (Suc- 
ceeded Young.) 

James Semple (Dem.), 1843-47, Alton, (Vice 
McRoberts, deceased.) 

Stephen A. Douglas (Dem.), 1847-53, Quincy, 
(Succeeded Semple.) 

James Shields (Dem.), 1849-55, Springfield, 
(Succeeded Breese.) 

Stephen A. Douglas (Dem.), 1853-59, Chicago, 
(Own successor.) 



HISTORY OF AIcDONOLGH COLXTY, 



645 



Lyman Tninibull (Rep.). 1S55-61. Belleville, 
(Succeeded Shields.) 

Stephen A. Douglas (Dem.). 1859-61. Chi- 
cago, (Died June 3. 1861.) 

Lyman Trumbull (Rep.), 1S61-67. Chicago, 
(Own successor.) 

Orville H. Browning (Rep.), 1861-63, Quincy, 
(Vice Douglas, deceased, June 26, 1861.) 

William A. Richardson (Dem.), 1863-65, Quin- 
cy, (Succeeded Browning.) 

Richard Yates (Rep.). 1865-71, Jacksonville, 
■(Succeeded Richardson.) 

Lyman Trumbull (Rep.), 1867-73, Chicago, 
(Own successor.) 

John A. Logan (Rep.), 1871-77, Chicago, (Suc- 
ceeded Yates.) 

Richard J. Oglesby (Rep.), 1873-79, Deca- 
tur, CSucceeded Trumbull.) 

David Davis (Ind.), 1877-83, Blooniington, 
(Succeeded Logan.) 

John A. Logan (Rep.), 1879-85, Chicago, (Suc- 
ceeded Oglesby.) 

Shelby M. Cullom (Rep.), 1883-89, Spring- 
field, (Succeeded Davis.) 

John A. Logan (Rep.), 1885-86, Chicago, 
(Died Dec. 26. 1886.) 

Charles B. Farwell (Rep.). 1SS7-91, Chicago, 
(Vice Logan, deceased.) 

Shelby M. Cullom (Rep.), 1895-1901, Spring- 
(Own successor.) 

John M. Palmer (Dem.), 1891-97, Springfield, 
(Succeeded Karwell.) 

Shelby M. uullom (Rep.). 1895-1901, Spring- 
field. (Own successor.) 

William E. Mason (Rep.), 1S97-1903, Chi- 
cago, (Succeeded Palmer.) 

Shelby M. Cullom (Rep.), 1901-07, Spring- 
field, (Own successor.) 

Albert J. Hopkins (Rep.), 1903-09, Aurora. 
(Succeeded Mason.) 

Shelby M. Cuiiom (Rep.). 1907-13, Spring- 
field, (Re-elected Jan. 22, 1907. for fifth term.) 

Rkpresent.vtives IX CoN(iRES.s. — Shadrach 
Bond was the first Delegate from the Territory, 
serving in the Twelfth and Thirteenth Con- 
gresses. He took his seat at the second ses- 
sion of the Twelfth Congress, December 3, 1812, 
and served until October 3. 1814. when he was 
appointed Receiver of Public Moneys. Benja- 
min Stephenson succeeded Bond, and took his 
seat at the third session of the Thirteenth and 
the first session of the Fourteenth Congress, 



when he also was appointed Receiver of Public 
Moneys, April 29, 1816. Nathaniel Pope was 
elected the successor of Stephenson, and en- 
tered Congress at the second session of the 
Fourteenth Congress, December 2, 1816, and 
served during that session and the first ses- 
sion of the Filteenth Congress, being the Dele- 
gate at the time of the admission of the Terri- 
tory as a State. 

John McLean was the first Representative ia 
Congress from the State, taking his seat in the 
second session of the Fifteenth Congress. He 
was followed by Daniel P. Cook. December, 
1819, in the Sixteenth Congress. Cook contin- 
ued to represent the State in the Sixteenth, 
Seventeenth, liighteenth and Nineteenth Con- 
gresses, for a perioa of nearly nine years, from 
December. 1819. to March. 1827. Joseph Dun- 
can (Dem.) succeeded Daniel P. Cook, taking 
his seat in 1827 at the first session of the Twen- 
tieth Congress and representing the State in 
the Twentieth. Twenty-first and Twenty-second 
Congresses, from 1827 to 1833. 

Under the apportionment of 1831 McDonough 
County was assigned as a part of the Third Dis- 
trict lor congressional i)urposes. and continued 
in this rt'lation until the apportionment of 1843, 
when it was assigned to District No. 6. It re- 
mained a portion of the latter district until the 
passage of the act of 1852 assigning it to Dis- 
trict No. 5. and so continued until by the 
Apportionment Act of 1861 it was incorporated 
into the Ninth District. The county became 
a part of District No. 10 by the act of 1872; 
District No. 11, by act of 1882; District No. 15 
in 1893, and District No. 14 (as at present) in 
1901. 

The following is a list of those who have 
successively represented the District of which 
.McDonough County formed a part, beginning 
with the Twenty-third Congress (1S33). when 
the county was first incorporated in a Con- 
gressional District: 

1833-35 — Twenty-third Congress — Joseph Dun- 
can (Dem.), of Jacksonville. 

1835-39— Twenty-fourth and Twenty-fifth Con- 
gresses — William L. May (Dem.), Springfield. 

1839-43— Twenty-sixth and Twenty-seventh 
Congresses — John T. Stuart (Whig), Spring- 
field. 

1843-47 — Twenty-eighth and Twenty-ninth 
Congresses — Joseph P. Hoge (Dem.), Galena. 



646 



HISTORY OF Mcdonough county. 



1847-49 — Thirtieth Congress — Thomas J. 
Turner (Dem.), Freeport. 

1849-51— Thirty-first Congress— Edward D. 
Baiter (Whig), Galena. 

1851-53 — Thirty-second Congress — Thompson 
Campbell (Dem.), Galena. 

1853-55— Thirty-third Congress and First Ses- 
sion Thirty-fourth Congress — William A. Rich- 
ardson (Dem.(, Quincy, resigned to become 
candidate for Governor. 

1856-57— Thirty-fourth Congress (last ses- 
sion), successor to Richardson. 

1857-61— Thirty-fifth and Thirty-si.xth Con- 
gresses — Isaac N. Morris (Dem.), Quincy. 

1861-63 — Thirty-seventh Congress — William 
A. Richardson (Dem.), Quincy. 

1863-69- Thirty-eighth to Fortieth Congress 
(inclusive). Lewis W. Ross (Dem.), Lewis- 
town. 

1869-73 — Forty-first and Forty-second Con- 
gresses — Thompson W. McNeely (Dem.), Pet- 
ersburg. 

1873-75 — Forty-third Congress — William H. 
Ray (Rep.). Rushville. 

1875-77— Forty-fourth Congress — Joton C. Bag- 
by (Dem.), Rushville. 

1877-83 — Forty-fitth to Forty-seventh Con- 
gress — Benjamin F. Marsh (Rep.), Warsaw. 

1883-87 — Forty-eighth and Forty-ninth Con- 
gresses — William H. Neece (Dem.), Macomb. 

1887-91— Fiftieth and Fifty-first Congresses- 
William H. Gest (Rep.), Rock Island. 

1891-93— Fifty-second Congress— Ben. T. Ca- 
ble (Dem.), Rock Island. 

1893-1901 — Fifty-third to Fifty-sixth Congress 
— Benjamin F. Marsh (Rep.), Warsaw. 

1901-03 — Fifty-seventh Congress — J. Ross 
Mickey (Dem.), Macomb. 

1903-05 — Fifty-eighth Congress— Benjamin F. 
Marsh (died in office.) 

1905-09— Fifty-eighth to Sixtieth Congress- 
James McKinney (Rep.). Aledo, filled Marsh's 
unexpired term and twice re-elected. 

Legisl.\tive Dep,vrtmext. — The General As- 
sembly of Illinois consists (1907) of 204 mem- 
bers — 51 Senators and 153 Representatives. It 
is the duty of the General Assembly to redis- 
trict the State once in every ten years, making 
(as near as practicable) the ratio of represen- 
tation in the Senate the quotient obtained 
from dividing by the number 51 the total pop- 
ulation of the State as returned by the last 
Federal census. 



To be eligible to membership in the Genera! 
Assembly the candidate must be a citizen of 
the LTnited States, a resident of the State five 
years and of the district from which elected 
for the two years next preceding his election: 
must be at least twenty-five years of age, if a 
Senator, and not less than twenty-one if a 
Representative. No person holding any lucra- 
tive office under the United States, the State 
of Illinois, or any foreign government, is eli- 
gible to the General Assembly; but appoint- _ 
ments in the militia, and the offices of Notary 
Public and Justice of the Peace are not consid- 
ered lucrative oflBces: nor may any member 
receive any civil appointment within the State 
during the term for which he is elected. Mem- 
bers are allowed by statute $1,000 for each 
regular biennial session, $50 for stationery, and 
10 cents per mile for the actual distance be- 
tween the State capital and their respective 
homes, with $5 per day for special sessions. 

There is no constitutional or statutory limi- 
tation on the length of the legislative session. 
The Governor may convene the Assembly by 
proclamation on extraordinary occasions, but 
at special sessions no business shall be entered 
upon except for the purpose named in the 
jiroclamation. 

All members are elected at the regular elec- 
tion held on the Tuesday next after the first 
Monday In November, in even numbered 
years — Representatives for a term of two years 
and Senators for four years. Senators from 
even-numbered districts are elected at the 
same time as Presidential Electors, and from 
the odd-numbered districts, two years later, at 
the same time as the Superintendent of Public 
Instruction. In all elections for Representa- 
tive (under tne minority representation sys- 
tem) each elector may cast as many votes as 
there are representatives to be elected, giving 
all the votes to one candidate, or distributing 
the number, or equal parts thereof, among the 
various candidates. This system of cumulative 
voting usually results in the election of two 
Representatives from the dominant party and 
one from the minority party of each district. 
The General Assembly is prohibited from 
passing special laws for the granting of di- 
vorces, for changing the names of persons or 
places, for establishing roads and highways, 
for vacating roads, streets, alleys, etc., for 
granting special privileges to persons or cor- 
porations, and for other purposes specially 



lUSTURY Ul- MtUOXOL'GH COL'XTY. 



647 



enumerated in the constitution; besides which, 
there is a general provision that in "all other 
cases where a general law can be made ap- 
plicable, no special law shall be enacted." The 
General Assembly meets biennially on the 
Wednesday next after the first Monday in .Jan- 
uary of all odd-numbered years. 

Under the Constitution of 1848 McDonough 
County was incorporated into the Sixteenth 
Senatorial District and Representative District 
Xo. 38; by the apportionment of February 27, 
1854, in the Tenth Senatorial and the Thirty- 
eighth Representative District; by act of Janu- 
ary 31, 1SG4, into the Fourteenth Senatorial and 
the Twenty-ninth Representative District; on 
January 4, 1871, into the Fourteenth Senatorial 
and the Fifty-ninth Representative District; 
on March 1, 1872, (under the Constitution 
adopted in 1870), into Senatorial District Xo. 
Twenty-three", each district being entitled to 
one Senator and three Representatives, with 
Warren and McDonough counties both incorpo- 
rated in the district; by act of May 6, 1882, 
into District Xo. 27. comprising the same coun- 
ties; by act of June 15, 1893, into District No. 
2S, consisting of Hancock, McDonough and 
Warren counties: and on May 10, 1902 (as 
at present) into District No. 32, embracing the 
three counties named. 

McDonough County first sent a Representa- 
tive to the Tenth General Assembly, its entire 
representation to date being as follows: 1836- 
40 — William Ednionston, Representative; 
Thomas H. Owen. Senator: 1S40-42— William 
W. Bailey, Representative: Sidney H. Little, 
Senator; 1842-44 — Hugh Irwin, Rejiresentative; 
Sidney H. Little, Senator; 1844-48— William H. 
Randolph, Representative: William McMillan, 
Senator; 1848-50 — Josiah Harrison, Representa- 
tive; 1848-52 — John P. Richmond, Senator: 
1850-52— John Huston, Representative; 1852-54 
— James M. Randolph, Representative; 1852- 
56— James M. Campbell, Senator; 1854-56— 
Louis H. Waters, Representative; 1856-58 — 
Geor.ge Hire, Representative; 1856-60 — William 
C. Goudy. Senator; 1858-60— William Berry, 
Representative; 1860-62— S. H. McCandless, 
Representative; 1860-64 — William Berry, Sena- 



tor; 1862-64— Lewis G. Reid, Representative; 
1864-66— William H. Xeece. Representative; 
1864-68— James Strain, Senator; 1866-68- 
Amaziah Hanson, Representative: 1868-70 
— Humphrey Horrabin, Representative; Thom- 
as A. Boyd, Senator; 1870-72 — James Man- 
ly, Representative; Benjamin R. Hampton, 
Senator; 1872-74- William A. Grant, John E. 
Jackson and E. K. Westfall, Representatives; 
Benjamin R. Hampton, Senator; 1874-76 — Isaac 
L. Christie, C. W. Boydston and A. W. King, 
Representatives: John T. Morgan, Senator: 
1876-78- C. W. Boydston. E. K. Westfall and 
Charles H. Whitaker, Representatives: John T. 
Morgan, Senator; 1878-80- Henry M. Lewis, 
Henry Black and Edwin W. Allen, Representa- 
tives; William H. Xeece, Senator; 1882-84- 
Isaac X. Pearson, C. M. Rogers and Isaac Pratt, 
Representatives; Henry Tubbs, Senator: 1884- 
S6 — Calvin M. Rogers, W. H. McCord and Wil- 
liam H. Weir. Representatives: Henry Tubbs, 
Senator; 1886-88 — James P. Firoved, Henry W. 
Allen and Richard G. Breeden, Representatives: 
Isaac N. Pearson, Senator: 1888-90 — Richard G. 
Breeden, Horatio R. Bartleson and Henry W. 
Allen, Representatives: William J. Frisbee, 
Senator: 1890-92— Eli Dixson, Charles V. 
Chandler and Dominick G. Graham, Representa- 
tives: O. F. Berry, Senator; 1892-94— Thomas 
J. Sparks, Louis Kaiser and D. C. Hanna, Rep- 
resentatives; O. F. Berry. Senator: 1894-96— U. 
A. Wilson, Louis Kaiser and James A. Teel, 
Representatives: O. F. Berry, Senator; 1896-98 
— Lawrence Y. Sherman, Ulysses A. Wilson and 
William A. Compton. Representatives: O. F. 
Berry. Senator: 1898-1900— Lawrence Y. Sher- 
man, James A. Anderson and George M. Black. 
Representatives; O. F. Berry, Senator: 1900- 
02 — Lawrence Y. Sherman, S. J. Grigsby. Jr.. 
and J. E. Wyand. Representatives; William T. 
Harris. Senator; 1902-04 — Lawrence Y. Sher- 
man, Everett C. Hardin and William McKinley. 
Representatives; O. F. Berry, Senator; 1904-06 
— Everett C. Hardin, Edward Harris and Wil- 
liam McKinley. Representatives; O. F. Berry. 
Senator: 1905-07 (Forty-fifth General As- 
sembly). John E. Harris. H. L. Jewell and 
John A. Callff. Representatives; O. F. Berry. 
Senator. 



648 



HISTORY OF .McDOXOUGH COUNTY. 



CHAPTER Vni. 



COURT AND BAR OF McDONOUGH COUNTY. 



JUDGES WHO HAVE PRESIDED IX SI'DOXOUGH CIR- 
CUIT COURTS — PERSOXAL HISTORY OF PROMIXEXT 

JUSTICES RICHARD M. YOUXG, STEPHEX A. 

DOUGLAS, nXCKXEV H. WALKER, CHAUXCEY L. 
HIGBEE AXD OTHERS — LIST OF STATE'S ATTOR- 
?JEYS CIRCUIT COURT CLERKS SHERIFFS — PRES- 
ENT MEMBERS OF THE COUXTY BAR — SKETCH OF 

CYRUS WALKER OTHER NOTABLE LAWYERS OF 

AX EARLY PERIOD. 

The legal records of McDonough County will 
compare very favorably with those of any other 
section of the State with regard to the legal 
ability and personal worth of the members of 
its Bar, and it is therefore with pleasure that 
the editor here offers the careers of members 
of the learned profession who have adminis- 
tered and expounded the law. 

Judges of the Circuit Court. — McDonough 
is now in the i\mth Judicial Circuit, but at the 
organization of the county, and until 1S73, it 
was included in the Fifth Circuit — except for 
a short time after 1853 by special act of the 
Legislature it was attached to the Fifteenth, 
then embracing the neighboring counties of Ad- 
ams and Hancock. Originally the circuit in- 
cluded all that part of the State known as the 
Military Tract, and extended across the north- 
ern part of Illinois, including the counties of 
Cook and Jo Daviess and the intervening terri- 
tory. 

The first Judge of this circuit was the Hon. 
Richard M. Young, who was commissioned 
January, 1829, having previously served two 
years as Circuit Judge for the Third Circuit. 
After his appointment in 1S29 he made his resi- 
dence at Galena. In 1S33 he resided in Quincy, 
and remained in office until January, 1837, when 
he resigned to enter upon his six years' term 
as United States Senator, to which office he 
had been elected by the Legislature of that 
year. After the expiration of his term as 
United States Senator, he served more than 
five years (1843-48) as Associate Justice of 



the Supreme Court, as successor to Judge The- 
ophilus W. Smith. 

Judge Young was a native of Kentucky, and 
was one of the early settlers of Illinois, first lo- 
cating at Jonesboro, where he was admitted to 
the bar in 1817. He ranked high in his profes- 
sion, and his decisions did much to shape the 
judicial policy of the State. He possessed a lib- 
eral endowment of intellectual ability, in liter- 
ary as well as legal acquirements, which com- 
bination admirably fitted him for the imixirtant 
posts he was called upon to fill. His course 
and labors as United States Senator brought 
him into .general notice, so that after the ex- 
piration of his Senatorial term President Polk 
appointed him Commissioner of the General 
Land Office in Washington. He also discharged 
the duties of other offices at Washington, where 
he died in 1853. 

The Hon. James H. Ralston, also a native of 
Kentucky, was elected by the Legislature, in 
1S37, to fill the vacancy occasioned by the res- 
ignation of Judge Young; but in August, 1839, 
Mr. Ralston resigned, on account of ill health, 
and removed to Texas. He soon returned to 
Quincy, where he resumed the practice of law. 
In 1840 he was elected State Senator, and in 
1846 President Polk appointed him Assistant 
Quarter-Master of the Army, with orders to 
report for duty in Mexico. After the war he re- 
turned to his home in Quincy, but subsequently 
emigrated to California. 

Hon. Peter Lott, a native of New York, was 
elected the successor of Judge Ralston, contin- 
uing in office until January, 1841; was a mem- 
ber of the Fourteenth General Assembly (1844- 
46) from the Adams County District, and in 
1S4S was appointed Clerk of the Circuit Court. 
He served in this position until 1852, when he 
became a resident of California, holding the 
office of Superintendent of the United States 
Mint at San Francisco under President Pierce; 
but was removed from oflBce by President Buch- 
anan, and spent the last years of his life in 
Kansas in humble circumstances — is said to 
have died in Mexico while serving as United 
States Consul at Tehuantepec. 

Hon. Stephen A. Douglas was elected a Judge 
of the Supreme Court by the Legislature of 
1841, — the Judges of the Supreme Court from 
that period until the reorganization of the 
courts under the Constitution of 1848 doing 
circuit court duty. Judge Douglas continued in 




MARIA LEWIS BENNETT 




MATILDA BR: 



GEORGE BENNETT 



iiSTuRv ui- .McUcjxuLGii a)L".\rv 



649 



office until August, 1843, when he resigned to 
enter upon his career as a member of Con- 
gress from the Quincy District. ITpon assum- 
ing his judicial duties he found the docket very 
large, the former incumbent having fallen much 
behind in the discharge of judicial business, 
allowing the docket to become "loaded with 
unfinished cases." Judge Douglas, however, 
was equal to the task imjjosed upon him. and 
"cleaned up the docket" with his usual ability 
and dispatch. As a .Judge he created a favor- 
able impression on lawyers and clients alike, 
and his subsequent great career proved that 
their confidence in him was not misplaced. On 
account of his small physical stature and his 
great intellectual power, he was commonly des- 
ignated as "the Little Giant." and became the 
acknowledged leader of the political party of 
which he was a member. In 1S47 he was elect- 
ed to the United States Senate, was re-elected 
in 1853 and again in 1859. In 1860 he received 
the nomination for the presidency, but was 
beaten by Abraham Lincoln, his former compet- 
itor for United States Senator. On the inaug- 
uration of the Republican President, the sub- 
sequent withdrawal of the Southern States from 
the Union and their declaration of war. Sena- 
tor Douglas proved his patriotism by upholding 
the ofl^cers of the United States Government 
and the cause of the Union, declaring that 
henceforth there could be only two parties in 
the country — "patriots and traitors." On the 3d 
of June, 1S61, the great and patriotic statesman 
died at his home in Illinois, and, perhaps with 
the exception of George Washington and Abra- 
ham Lincoln, no public character of the United 
States was ever more sincerely or widely 
mourned. The familiar signature of the his- 
toric statesman may be seen in the records of 
the Circuit Court of McDonough County, sub- 
scribed to many of its documents while he la- 
bored faithfully and efficiently on the bench. 

Hon. Jesse B. Thomas, Jr.. (a nephew of a 
former United States Senator by the same 
name) was appointed Judge of the Supreme 
Court in August, 1843, and continued in office 
until 1845, when he resigned. That he was a 
most excellent Judge was proven by his subse- 
quent transfer to another circuit. His death 
occurred soon afterward. 

Hon. Norman H. Purple, of Peoria, was elect- 
ed in 1845, serving until his resignation in May. 
1849. As he was distinguished for high legal 
3 



abilities and much executive talent, his retire- 
ment was considered a distinct loss to the 
bench and the public service. Both Thomas 
and Purple, though elected Judges of the Su- 
preme Court, discharged their duties on the 
circuit bench. 

Hon. William A. Minshall. of Rushville, was 
elected Circuit Judge in May, 1849, this being 
the first election of Circuit Judges by popular 
vote under the Constitution of 1848. He re- 
mained in office until his death on November 
5, 1852. Judge Minshall was born in Tennessee, 
came to Illinois in early life, and previous to 
his elevation to the bench, was a member of 
the Constitutional Convention and of the Leg- 
islature. He was an active and successful law- 
yer, as well as an able Judge. 

By the transfer of McDonough County in 
1853 from the Fifth to the Fifteenth Circ\iit, 
of which it formed a part for four years. Judge 
Onias C. Skinner became the presiding Justice 
for a time, being succeeded in 1855 by Judge 
Joseph Sibley. Judge Skinner was promoted 
to the Supreme Bench in 1855, and was a dele- 
gate to the State Constitutional Convention of 
1869-70 from Adams County, dying in Quincy 
in 1877. McDonough County was returned to 
the Fifth Circuit in 1857. 

Those who presided over the .McDonough 
circuit courts, previous to the adoption of the 
Constitution of 1870, besides those already 
named, included Pinckney S. Walker. 1855 to 
1S5S. when he was elected to the Supreme 
Bench; John S. Bailey, 1858 to 1S61; and 
Chauncey L. Higbee, of Pittsfield. Mr. Higbee 
had a long record as a jurist, serving under 
various changes from 1861 until his death in 
' 1885. Under an act passed in 1873 after the 
adoption of the present Constitution, the State 
outside of Cook County was divided into twen- 
ty-six circuits, with McDonough County as part 
of the Tenth Circuit. Judge Joseph Sibley, of 
Quincy. being the presiding Justice. In 1877. 
by the consolidation of adjacent circuits, the 
total number was reduced to thirteen. McDon- 
ough County becoming a part of the Sixth Cir- 
cuit. This act brought two Judges into each 
circuit, and under authority of an additional 
provision of the same act a third Judge was 
elected in each circuit during the same year. 
Those who ser\'ed in the Sixth Circuit under 
this act were Chauncey L. Higbee. 1877 to 
1885; Simeon P. Shope. 1877 to 1879; John H. 



650 



HISTORY OF Mcdonough county. 



Williams, Quincy; Asa C. Matthews, Pittsfield 
(as successor to Judge Higbee, 1885); William 
Marsh, Quincy; Charles J. Schofield, Carthage; 
Jefferson Orr, Pittsfield; Oscar P. Bonney, of 
Quincy, and John J. Glenn, of Monmouth. The 
I)resent occupants of the bench in the Ninth 
Judicial Circuit, of which McDonough County 
now forms a part, are: Robert G. Grier, of 
Monmouth; George W. Thompson, of Gales- 
burg, and John A. Gray, of Canton. William 
S. Brown is the present Circuit Clerk; Clar- 
ence S. Townley. State's Attorney; Eugene L. 
Hampton, Master in Chancery, and Charles W. 
Taylor, Sheriff. 

Prouatk JiDCKS. — The Probate Judges of this 
county, with their terms of service, have been 
as follows: Peachy Gilmore, 1837; James 
Clarke, 1S39-47; William S. Hail, 1847; James 
Clarke, 1S49-53; Thompson Chandler, 18.53-69; 
J. B. Nickle, 1869-73; James Irwin, 1873-77; 
J. H. Baker, 187.S-91 (died in office); R. Breed- 
en (successor of Judge Baker, deceased), 1892- 
94; C. F. Wheat. 1.S94-9S (died in office); W. 
W. Malone (succeeded Judge Wheat, deceased), 
1898; J. Ross Mickey. 1898-1902 (resigned, upon 
election to Congress); W. J. Franklin, 1901- 
06. 

State's Attorxky.s. — The first incumbent of 
this office in McDonough County was Hon. 
Thomas Ford, who served from the organization 
of the county until January, 1835; in 1839 be- 
came Judge of the Northern District, two years 
later was appointed Associate Justice of the 
Supreme Court, retiring in 1842 to become a 
successful candidate for Governor of the State, 
and holding the latter office during the famous 
Mormon War. His "History of Illinois" is re- 
garded as a valuable and interesting record 
of the State. 

Hon. William A. Richardson served from 
1835 to 1837. He served first as Captain and 
later as Major of the First Regiment Illinois 
Volunteers (Col. John J. Hardin's) during the 
Mexican War, and on his return to his home in 
Illinois was elected to Congress for six conSv-^c- 
utive terms. He was an unsuccessful candi- 
date for Governor on the Democratic ticket in 
1856, later was appointed Governor of Nebras- 
ka by President Buchanan, but after holding 
the office a year resigned and returned to his 
former home at Quincy, where he died in 1875. 



Hon. William Elliott served as State's At- 
torney from January, 1839, to January, 1848. 
He served in the Black Hawk War and subse- 
quently was Quartermaster of the Fourth Regi- 
ment during the Mexican War. Returning to 
his home in Lewistown, he died soon afterward. 

Hon. Robert S. Blackwell served from 1848 
to 1852. He was one of the leading lawyers in 
the State, and the author of "Blackwell on Tax- 
Titles." This being then the most important 
subject of common concern brought him into 
great prominence, especially as his work was 
considered authority. He lived at Rushville un- 
til after he ceased to be State's Attorney, re- 
moving thence to Chicago, where he died in 
1863. 

Hon. Calvin A. Warren, of Quincy, seiwed 
from May, 1852, until August, 1853, being an 
able and eloquent lawyer. He died, at his 
home in Quincy, Febraury 22, ISSl. 

Hon. John S. Bailey served from 1853 until 
September. 1858. when he resigned to take a 
seat on the circuit bench. 

Hon. L. II. Waters, of Macomb, was appoint- 
ed by the Governor to serve out the unexpired 
term of Mr. Bailey, or until 1860. In the fol- 
lowing year Mr. Waters became Lieutenant 
Colonel of the Twenty-eighth Regiment. Illi- 
nois Volunteer Infantry, and was afterward 
Colonel of the Eighty-fourth Regiment. Colonel 
Waters made an excellent soldier and com- 
manding officer, being present at every engage- 
ment in which his regiment participated. At 
the close of tne war he returned to his home 
in Macomb to resume the practice of his profit- 
able profession. Four years afterward he re- 
moved to Missouri, became United States At- 
torney with his residence at Jefferson City, and 
still later went to Kansas City, where he now 
lives. Mr. Waters was particularly noted as 
a stump speaker, and while a resident of Illi- 
nois, always took an active and a leading part 
in politics. 

Hon. Thomas E. Morgan was elected in 1860. 
He was highly educated, a lawyer of fine quali- 
ties and altogether the equal of any at the bar. 
He died on the 22d of July, 1867, L. H. Waters, 
named above, being appointed to the vacancy. 

Hon. L. W. James served from 1S68 to 1872. 
His residence was Lewistown, and at this writ- 
ing he is still living. 

Prosecuting (or State's) attorneys were first 
elected by counties in 1852; previous to this 




JOHN R. BENNETT 



HISTORY OF McDOXOrr.H corxTv 



6_m 



time a Prosecuting Attorney was elected, or 
appointed, with jurisdiction tliroughout tlie cir- 
cuit. From 1852 to the present time the incum- 
bents of the office have been as follows: D. H. 
Gilmer, 1852; Thomas E. Morgan, 1860-68; L. 
W. James. 1868-76: Crosby F. Wheat. 1876-78; 
William Prentiss. 187S-S4; H. C. Agnew. 1884- 
SS: George D. Tunnlcliff (succeeding Mr. Ag- 
new, at the death of the latter). 1888-92; T. B. 
Switzer, 1896-1900; Thomas B. Camp, 1900-02 
(resigned); R. w: Pontious, 1904; C. S. Town- 
ley, 1904 (present Incumbent.) 

CiKcriT Ci-KKKs. — The incumbents of this of- 
fice have been as below: James M. Campbell, 
1835-48; William H. Randolph, 1S4S-56; Wil- 
liam T. Head, 1856-60; John B. Cummings. 
1860-64; John H. Hungate, 1864-68; Benjamin 
T. Pinckney, 1868-72; Isaac N. Pearson, 1872- 
80; ,1. E. Wyne. 1880-84; C. S. Churchill. 18S4- 
1904; and William S. Brown from 1904 to date. 

Sheriffs. — The Sheriffs of McDonough Coun- 
ty, since its organization, have been: William 
Southward, 1830-38; William H. Randolph, 1838- 
44; David Lamson, 1844-50; William T. Head, 
1S50-52; Sydnor H. Hogan, 1852-56; George A. 
Taylor, 1856-58; F. D. Lipe, 1858-60; Silas J. 
Hopper. 1860-62; Amos Dixon, 1862-64; G. L. 
Farwell. 1864-66; Samuel Wilson, 1866-68: J. E. 
Lane, 1868-70; Thomas Murray, 1870-72; Samuel 
Frost, 1872-74; J. B. Venard. 1874-76; Charles 
C. Hayes. 1876-78; W. H. Taylor. 1878-80; Fred- 
erick Newland, 18S0-88; Theodore Huston, 1888- 
92; Robert Thomas, 1896-1900; M. F. Bruner, 
1900-04; and C. W. Taylor, from 1904 to date. 

The B.\r ok McDonoii;!! Cointy. — The pres- 
ent bar of McDonough County will compare 
very favorably, as to ability and integrity, with 
that of any other county in the State of sub- 
stantially the same size and population. The 
names of the leading members, with their resi- 
dences, are given below, a more extended notice 
of a number of these learned gentlemen being 
elsewhere given: Lawrence Y. Sherman (pres- 
ent Lieutenant-Governor). Tunnicliff & Gum- 
bert. Ralph W. Pontious. Neece & Elting, Ira 
0"Harra, Charles W. Flack. J. Ross Mickey, 
Thomas McClure, Vose & Creel, W. A. Comp- 
ton, H. E. Billings, Eugene I. Hampton. D. P. 
Pennywitt, Switzer & Miller, J. C. Thompson, 
H. M. Tabler. W. J. Franklin. Frank B. Wetzel, 



Clarence S. Townley & H. ri. Harris, Cyrus 
A. Lanlz, Dean Franklin, George A. Falder, of 
Macomb; T. J. Sparks, George S. Doughty, W. 
M. Crosswait, David Chambers, Solon Banflell, 
Bushnell ; and George A. Falder, Colchester. 

Among the members of tne early bar the 
most prominent was Hon. Cyrus Walker. Born 
in Rockbridge County. Va., May 14. 1791, while 
an infant he was taken to Kentucky. He re- 
sided in that State until 1833, when he remov- 
ed to Macomb, 111., living there until his death, 
on the 1st of December, 1875. The following 
sketch, prepared by Hon. Hawkins Taylor, of 
Washington City, first api)eared in the Car- 
tha.ge (111.) Gazette: 

"The father of Cyrus Walker and my mother 
were brother and sister, and we grew up in 
the same county (Adair) of Kentucky. When 
the settlers first went from Virginia to Ken- 
tucky, they had to assist each other in house- 
raising and log-rolling, and for three years the 
father of Cyrus acted as a ranger, watching 
the movements of the Indians and warning set- 
tlers of approaching ti-ouble. His circuit em- 
braced several hundred miles of wild, unsettled 
country, and he was compelled to live almost 
entirely on game and camp out at night. Sev- 
eral of the uncles of Cyrus Walker were sol- 
diers in the Revolutionary War. The old stocks 
were both Irish Presbyterians — all of them 
learned in the Scriptures and of stern, unyield- 
ing wills. Cyrus was mainly self-taught, there 
being no schools in that section of the country 
at that day, and from his admission to the bar 
he took high position as a lawyer. 

"When Mr. Walker made a profession of re- 
ligion, for a time he contemplated quitting 
the law and turning his attention to the min- 
istry. He was educated to believe that slavery 
was a sin. and when he joined the church he 
freed all his negroes and paid their passage 
to Liberia. Among their number was a spright- 
ly boy who has since risen to distinction in the 
African republic. This boy had a young and 
handsome wife, who was the property of the 
pastor of the Presbyterian Church to which 
Mr. Walker belonged. When Mr. Walker set 
his slaves free he urged the minister to free 
the wife of the boy he had liberated; but the 
pastor refused, saying he was not able to lose 
the value of the woman, although he had him- 
self got her by marriage. Mr. Walker sent off 
his freed people, fully beMeving that the minis- 



652 



HISTORY OF McDOXOUGH COUNTY. 



ter would not separate the man and wife when 
the time tor separation came; but he still re- 
fused, and Mr. Walker bought and paid him 
for her and sent her on after her husband to 
Louisville. 

"Mr. Walker removed to McDonough County 
in 1833, and, as stated, resided there until his 
death. Although he did not move to Iowa, he 
practiced there for several years. 

"Mr. Walker had no taste for office. He 
served two terms in the Kentucky Legislature 
during the great excitement between the Old 
Court and the New Court, because he was the 
most popular man on the Old Court side in 
the county. He was forced on the ticket by his 
friends in the contest, and carried the county 
by a majority of 222, when no other man on 
his side could have done so. 

"After the formation of Congressional Dis- 
tricts in Illinois, based on the census of 1840, 
the Jo Daviess district was largely Whig, with 
the Mormon vote, but a debatable district, the 
Mormon vote going to the Democrats. Nearly 
all the counties in the district had Whigs who 
wanted to be candidates, but they were willing 
to give way to Mr. Walker if he would only 
consent to be a candidate. Walker was then 
in Iowa attending the courts, the last one, in 
Lee County, lasting several weeks. His desk 
was full of letters from all parts of the district 
urging him to allow his name to be used as a 
candidate for congress. Of these letters at 
least two were from Joe Smith, and several 
from George Miller, the Mormon Bishop, but 
who had formerly lived at Macomb and, while 
there, was a brother Elder in the Pres- 
byterian Church with Mr. Walker. All 
these letters urged Mr. Walker to be 
a candidate, to save the district for the 
Whigs. In his letters Smith pledged the 
Mormon vote to Walker, If he would allow his 
name to be used, but would not agree to vote 
for any other Whig. Mr. Walker had steadily 
refused to be a candidate, until he felt that 
his duty to the Whig party required him to 
make the sacrifice; but when he finally en- 
tered the contest he was terribly In earnest. 

"It was well understood by Walker and his 
friends that the Democracy would not give up 
the Mormon vote without a struggle. One of 
the Backenstoses was Sheriff and the other 
Clerk of Hancock County Circuit Court, and 
Judge Douglas was a candidate for Congress in 



the Adams district. Matters were not working 
quite satisfactorily in Nauvoo. Mr. Taylor 
went down to Warsaw to meet Mr. Walker, 
who was there holding a joint discussion with 
Mr. Hoge, his opponent. That night Mr. Walk- 
er went to Nauvoo. The next morning he 
called on Joe Smith and told him that he re- 
leased him from all the pledges made to give 
him the Mormon vote, but in turn asked hon- 
est dealing, telling Smith tnat if it was neces- 
sary for their (the Mormons") safety from ar- 
rest by the State authorities, that he should vote 
for Hoge (see article on "Mormons" for ex- 
planation); that he would tell him so, and in 
that event he would at once go to Galena, and 
spend the balance of the time before the elec- 
tion in the northern part of the district. Joe 
said with great vehemence, 'I promised you the 
support of the church and you shall have it. 
You stay -here and meet Hoge on Thursday.' 
The joint discussion of the candidates took 
place, and everything indicated that Walker 
would get the united vote of the church. On 
Saturday the voters of the church in city and 
county were called together in the grove near 
the Temple, where Hyrum Smith made a speecn 
urging them to vote for Hoge. It was a regular 
Democratic speech, and appeared to have no 
influence. He was followed by Wilson Law, 
in a bold, telling Whig speech in favor of Walk- 
er, and from the commencement to the end he 
was cheered by the entire Mormon audience. 
Hyrum arose, black and furious, stretching him- 
self to his full height, and extending his arm 
at full length said: 'Thus saith the Lord: If 
this people vote against Hoge for Congress, on 
Monday, a greater curse will befall them than 
befell them in Missouri. When God speaks, 
let men obey!' and immediately left the stand, 
the whole audience dispersing in silence. 

"When Walker heard of Hyrum's speech he 
was indignant, and was for leaving Joe's house; 
but Joe stopped him, professing to be furiously 
mad at Hyrum, saying that he himself would 
make a speech to the people on Sunday morn- 
ing; and he again repeated the pledge that Mr. 
Walker should have the Mormon vote. The 
next morning Joe did speak to the people 
just one hour, and no speech had closer atten- 
tion. In that speech Joe passed the highest 
eulogy upon Mr. Walker. He denounced poli- 
ticians, declaring that Walker was not a poli- 
tician, but an honest and a true man; that he 




MRS. JOHN R. BENNETT 



HISTORY OF .McUOXOL'GH COLXTV. 



653 



had been forced to be a candidate against his 
will. He denounced, in the most bitter terms, 
any member of the church who would consult 
the Lord about whom they should vote tor; and 
declared if anyone should do it, he should be 
cut off from salvation; said that he would vote 
for Cyrus Wallver, and commanded all to vote 
for the man of their choice without reference 
to what anyone said. Yet in his hour's speech 
in praise of Walker and in denunciation of any- 
one who would consult the Lord about whom 
he should vote for, he said: 'Brother Hyrum Is 
the elder brother. Brother Hyrum never has 
deceived his people. When the Lord commands, 
the people must obey.' etc. The next day 
Joe did vote for Walker, and the balance of 
the Mormons voted for Hoge, as the Lord had 
commanded. 

"This is the real history of the campaign, 
so far as Walker was concerned. It was to 
him a campaign of mortification from the be- 
ginning. He was forced into it contrary to his 
wishes, largely to get the Mormon votes; but 
after entering into the contest he was de- 
nounced by the Whigs all over the district for 
trying to secure them, and really lost more 
Whig votes in the district than in all probabil- 
ity would have elected him, simply because it 
was supposed that he could get the Mormon 
vote." 

So ended Mr. Walker's connection with poli- 
ticians. As before stated, he had no desire 
to hold office of any kind, as he was acknowl- 
edged to be at the head of the bar of Illinois 
and Iowa — which to him was more congenial 
and the most honorable position an American 
citizen could occupy. 

There were other prominent members of the 
McDonough County bar; but only a few names 
are mentioned at this jMiint, to keep them in 
remembrance. O. H. Browning, of Quincy, serv- 
ed as Secretary of the Interior under President 
Johnson and earlier as United States Senator. 
Archibald Williams, of the same city, was an 
eminent lawyer who made a specialty of titles 
to lands in the Military Tract. He successfully 
established the rights of the soldiers of 1S12 
and their heirs, to their lands in Illinois, and 
was the leader of the Republican party in the 
old Fifth Congressional District, of which Mc- 
Donough then formed a part. There were also 
W. C. Goudy, S. Corning Judd, W. H. Mannlerre 
and B. T. Schofield. T. Lyle Dickey, for many 



years a Judge of the Supreme Court of Illinois, 
began his legal career in Macomb, as well as 
Judge Pinckney H. Walker, who was Judge of 
the Supreme Court for a quarter of a century, 
and Judge D. G. Tunnicliff, who succeeded 
Judge Walker in that high office. Other lead- 
ers of the bar might be mentioned, but these 
are especially brought forward that their names 
may be held in proud remembrance. 



CHAPTER IX. 



TOWNSHIP HISTORY, 



TOWNSHIP ORGAKIZATIOX IX 1857— OBIGINAL LIST 
OF TOWNSHIPS AND SUBSEQUENT ADDITIONS — 
INDIVIDUAL TOWNSHIP HISTORY — EARLY SET- 
TLERS AND DATE OF SETTLEME.\T CHARACTERIS- 
TICS OF SOIL AND AGRICULTURAL CONDITIOXS — 
EARLY MARRIAGES, HI8THS AND DEATHS^EARLY 

SCHOOLS AND CHURCHES PRESENT CONDITIOXS 

AXD EVIDEXCE OF THREE-QUARTERS OF A CEN- 
TURY'S GROWTH. 

McDonough County was organized into town-* 
ships under the General Township Organization 
Act in 1857, in accordance with a pojuilar vote 
taken at an election a few months previous. 
At first the number of townshii)s was sixteen 
with the boundaries identical with the congres- 
sional townships, each township consisting of 
thirty-six sections, or 23,040 acres of land. The 
names of the townships as first organized (be- 
ginning in the southeastern corner of the coun- 
ty) were as follows: Eldorado (T. 4 N., R. 1 
W.); Industry (4 N., 2 W.); Eagle Town (4 
N., 3 W.); Lamoine (4 N., 4 W.); New Salem 
(5 N., 1 W.): Scotland (5 X., 2 W.); Erin (5 
N., 3 W.): Tennessee (5 N., 4 W.); Mound 
6 X., 1 W.); Macomb (6 N., 2 W.); Spring 
Creek (6 X.. 3 W.); Rock Creek (6 N., 4 W.); 
Prairie City (7 N.. 1 W.) ; Walnut Grove (7 
X., 2 W.); Sciota (7 N., 3 W.); and Blandins- 
vllle (7 X., 4 W.). The first election of town- 
ship officers was held in April, 1857, and the 
Board of Supervisors chosen at that election 
held their first meeting on May 11th follow- 



654 



HISTORY UV McDOXDUGH COUNTY. 



ing. At that meeting, the name of Eagle Town 
was changed to Bethel, Erin to Chalmers, 
Spring Creek to Emmet and Rock Creek to 
Hires — the new names being still retained. Later 
as will be seen by the histor.v of the several 
townships, Prairie City Townshp was divided 
into two equal parts, the north half retaining 
the name Prairie City, while the south halt re- 
ceived the name of Bushnell Township; nine 
sections from the western portion of Chalmers 
and an equal area from the eastern part of 
Tennessee Township were cut off and united to 
create the new township of Colchester; while 
the city of Macomb, situated in the central 
part of the county, and originally including the 
southwest corner of Macomb Township, the 
northwest corner of Scotland, the northeast cor- 
ner of Chalmers and the southeast corner of 
Emmet Township, constitutes a separate 
township with boundaries identical with the 
city limits. These changes increased the num- 
ber of townships to nineteen, of which Macomb 
City, by virtue of its population exceeding 4,- 
000 and less than 6,500, was entitled to two 
members in the Board of Supervisors and the 
others to one member each — making the total 
membership of the County Board 20. 

In the following pages the history of each 
township is treated separately, beginning with 
Eldorado Township in the southeastern corner 
,of the county; 

Eli)()r.\do Township (4 N., 1 W.) — This town- 
ship lies in the extreme southeastern part of 
the county and was first settled in 1S31. Arthur 
.1. Foster erected the first house on Section 
2, the location becoming known as Foster's 
Point. Some ol the old settlers, however, claim 
that Anson Mathews erected a cabin at this 
point, in 1S27 or 1S28, and afterward sold out 
to Foster. 

About one-fourth of the township consists of 
timber land, the remainder being beautiful 
prairie. The timber land all lies in the south- 
ern part, excepting about 700 acres in the 
northeast portion, including all of Section 1 
and part of Section 2. Altogether there are 21,- 
292 acres of improved land. In the southeast- 
ern part of the township building (or sand) 
stone is found in large quantities. Sugar Creek, 
with its tributaries, is the principal water 
course in this section, furnishing an abund- 
ance of living water for stock and other pur- 
poses. 



To continue the record of settlement, which 
may be termed temporary, William Moore, a 
Georgian, made a settlement in 182S north 
of where the Hushan farm now is, but the fol- 
lowing year returned to his old home. George 
Dowell settled in the township in 1829, put 
up a cabin, and, like many of the pioneers, soon 
removed elsewhere. Joshua David settled 
here early In 1830 and, being pleased with, the 
country, was soon followed by his father, Abra- 
ham, and the rest of the family. The father, 
who was a native of Hardin County, Ky., died 
In 1S63, and his wife in 1S7S. 

As already stated. Arthur J. Foster located 
on Section 2, residing there until his death in 
1843. James Harris settled on Section 1, at 
an early day. He was a native of New York. 
John Hushan, who located In the township in 
April, 1832, came from Indiana. After 1833 
quite a number settled in the township, im- 
proved farms and the development of this sec- 
tion progressed as other portions of the county. 
The township had a population in 1900 of 880. 

The first marriage in the township took place 
at the residence of Father Harris, in 1839. The 
ceremony was performed by Rev. Aaron Kin- 
ney, a Universalist preacher, the contracting 
parties being Cleon Reddick and Lucy Harris. 
In the fall of 1831 occurred the first birth, that 
of Samuel J. Foster. Lucy Harris, mentioned 
above, taught tne first school in 1837. 

Descendants of the above still occupy farms 
in Eldorado and adjoining townships. Among 
the many successful and wealthy farmers now 
resident in tnis township may be mentioned 
A. J. Berry, Henry Bogue, Caleb B. Cox. August 
Horwedel, J. R. Harris, Samuel Kee. H. S. 
Leighty, M. D. Leighty, J. N. Lawyer, Frank 
Moore, Dilworth C. Mershon, Stephen Mershon, 
George W. Standard, Charles Sweeney and W. 
E. Snowden. (More extended notices of the 
above and others mentioned in this preliminary 
history will be found in the biographical de- 
|)artment.) 

New Salem Township, the most easterly of 
the second tier of townships north of the south- 
ern border of the county, consists of Congres- 
sional Township 5 N., R. 1 W. For the most 
part the land of this township Is level, or 
gently undulating prairie, with the exception of 
a thirty-eight-acre tract of timber known as 
Pennington's Point, and small belts in the 
northeast and southeast comers of the town- 



HISTORY Ol' .McDOXoriill COUNTY. 



65: 



ship. It is therefore considered one of the best 
townships of laud in the county for iiroductive- 
ness. 

William R. Pennington was the first settler 
in this section, erecting his cabin, in January, 
1828, at what is now known as Pennington's 
Point — so named in his honor by Cyrus Walker. 
The early settlers located on the timber land, 
in order to secure fuel and fencing material, 
the prairie lands remaining uncultivated for 
some years thereafter. Among the other pio- 
neers of the township were Stewart Penning- 
ton, Major Stephen Yocum, J. E. D. Hammer, 
Salem Woods and William Moore. 

Salem Woods came from Erie, Pa., in 1S2.S. 
He had purchased land the year before, and 
traveled on root from his eastern home to ex- 
amine the tract he had bought ; but findin.g the 
country so sparsely settled, he returned to 
Pennsylvania. In 1S29 he again came to Mc- 
Donough County and located on Section 30, in 
what is now New Salem Township, where he 
resided until his death, September 27, 1879. 
Mr. Woods brought the first stove ever seen in 
the county. This was a great wonder to the 
old settlers of that period, the old "spider" 
being then the common utensil for baking; 
bread. It is a tradition that some of the good 
thrifty housewives came several miles with 
their dough to have the privilege of baking in 
Mr. Woods' stove. His descendants, as well as 
those of others of the early settlers mentioned, 
occupy the old homestead and their names are 
household words in that vicinity. 

The first marriage in the township was that 
of Morgan Jones and Elizabeth Osborne, in 
February, 1834. The first birth was that of 
Perry, the son of William Pennington, in the 
year 1828, and the first death, that of J. J. 
Pennington, son of Stewart Pennington, on Sep- 
tember 10, 183S. In 1834 Father Harris preach- 
ed the first sermon at the house of William 
Osborne, and the first school was taught at 
Pennington's Point by Miss Martha Campbell, 
who afterward married Major John M. Walker. 
Gideon Waters was the teacher of the first 
public school opened in the township. 

-■Vdair is the only village in New Salem Town- 
ship. It is situated on the Chicago. Hurling- 
ton & Quincy Railroad. It was laid out in 
.■\ugust, ISTii. by John Reedy and Jacob Grimm, 
and was originally known as Reedyville. In 



that year an old house was moved onto the 
town-site — the first building to be occupied. 
Thomas Elwell erected the first dwelling there 
during the same year. The first store was 
built and occupied by Strickler & Bennett, who 
placed on sale a stock of general merchandise. 
William G. Wilkins shipped the first carloads 
of corn and rye fixjm the village. Some of the 
prominent and prosperous farmers in the town- 
ship of the present day are Edward Waters, 
J. H. Woods, A. Warner, E. Joy Seaburn, Lewis 
Pickle, Jonas W. Everly and Stephen Black- 
stone. The population according to the census 
of 19(10 was 1.1G8. 

Mof.Ni) TOW.N.SIIIP (6 N., 1 W.).— The south- 
ern portion of Mound Township is flat but the 
soil is rich, and, as it has been thoroughly un- 
derdrained and improved, is very productive. 
On Section 14 is a high mound, known as Dyer's 
Mound, from the summit of which a fine view of 
the surrounding country is obtained. Kepple 
Creek enters Mound Township in a semicircle, 
about midway on the west side, flows easterly 
to the center of the township, vvtiere. turning 
north and west, it runs along and under the 
Chicago, Burlington & Quincy Railroad, at 
which point there is a pond and water-tank. This 
is also the scene of the first accident on that 
road. During a night of high water the bridge 
at this point was swept away, and an engine 
plunged into tne gap, killing the engineer and 
seriously injuring a number of the passengers. 
Just below this locality the creek forms a junc- 
tion with anotner branch at what is known 
as Drowning Fork, and after flowing west it 
unites with the north fork of Crooked Creek. 
The headwaters of Shaw Fork pass eastwardly 
from a little north of the center of the town- 
ship, and the headwaters of Camp Creek are in 
the southern edge. 

The first settlement in .Mound Townshij) was 
made in 1S32 by Joseph Smith, who erected his 
house on Section 18 and occupied it with his 
family. It was an old-fashioned log house, and 
as the head of the family was quite a hunter 
and of a restless disposition, he did not occupy 
it long, but soon removed to Missouri. A son- 
in-law of Smith, named Osborne, came shortly 
afterward, but left about the time his father- 
in-law moved away. Albert Cox located on the 
northwest quarter of Section 20, improved his 



6j;6 



HISTORY OF McDOXOUGH COUNTY. 



property and sold it to Jacob Kepple in 1833, 
removing then to Fulton County. John Snapp, 
a son-in-law of Jacob Kepple. located on the 
southwest quarter of Section 30, in 1S33, and 
there built a cabin. He continued to reside 
there until 1S40, when he removed to Macomb 
Township and, in 185G, to Missouri. In 1833 
Durham Creel located on Section 18, improved 
a farm and died in 1S67. When, during the 
same year, Jacoo Kepple settled on the farm 
already improved by Abner Cox, he took pos- 
session of a double log house and several acres 
broken up. There he resided for several 
years, after wnich he removed to Bardolph, 
where he died. From this time quite a num- 
ber of settlers came in and improved farms in 
the township, among whom were Silas Creel. 
James Chandler, Thompson Chandler. Elias 
Gulp, Rev. William H. Jackson, the Crawfords 
and Mr. McCandless. 

Edward Dyer and Jane Kepple were the first 
couple married in Mound Township, the cere- 
mony occurring April 17, 1S38, with Rev. John 
Richmond officiating. This gentleman was a 
Methodist and organized the pioneer church, 
although the first preaching in the township 
was by Rev. E. Thompson at the house of Jacob 
Kepple. The first birth was that of Peter 
Kulp In 1S34, and the first to die was Emily 
Miller, daughter of George and Mary E. Miller, 
in 1832. In 1838 S. H. McCandless taught the 
first school in the pioneer cabin of the town- 
ship. 

Mound Township comprises 22.238 acres of 
improved land, and it is noted as a fine stock 
country. Among those most interested and 
successful in this line may be mentioned the 
Porters, the Creels, the Manleys and the Works. 

New Philadelphia Village, situated on the 
Toledo, Peoria & Western Railroad, in this 
township, was laid out by Lloyd Thomas Octo- 
ber 21, 1S5S (Samuel Hunt, surveyor.) It is sit- 
uated on the south half of Section 23, Town- 
ship G North, Range 1 West. About a mile 
north of the first survey, J. H. and B. B. Wil- 
son platted a town in 1S68. and called it Grant. 
The postoffice was named New Philadelphia, 
and thus the town was named. Although the 
plat of Grant is still on record, its site has 
been for years under cultivation. Mr. Thomas 
built the first store-house, and, together with 
his son John, carried on a dry-goods store and 
grocery during 1S.59. The first lots were pur- 



chased by Samuel Kost. who erected two store 
buildings, in one of which Jacob Walter opened 
the first store. The first marriage in the town 
was that of Isom B. Shaw and Mary J., daugh- 
ter of J. H. Wilson, which occurred in 1873. 
The first death was that of Mrs. J. A. L. Mas- 
ter, daughter or George Sheets, on March 15, 
1875. (For the leading farmers in this town- 
ship, see biographies in another chapter.) Pop- 
ulation (1900), 1,014. 

BisHXFi.i, Tow.Nsiiip (north half of T. 7 N., 
R. 1 W. ), consists of eighteen sections, embra- 
cing the southern half of Congressional Town- 
ship 7 N. and 1 W.. and is nearly all prairie. 
The land is excellent for agricultural purposes, 
and after the completion of the Chicago, Bur- 
lington & Quincy Railroad, the country rapidly 
increased in population. 

In the fall of 1836 the first settlement within 
the limits of the township was made by Mat- 
thew B. Robinson, who located on Section 30, 
erecting thereon a house and improving a farm. 
For several years he was almost alone, when a 
tew settlers came to his neighborhood. It was 
sparsely settled even when the city of Bushnell 
was laid out, August 29, 1854; so that the 
growth of the township was almost identical 
with the development of that city. (See his- 
tory of the city of Bushnell in chapter on "Cit- 
ies. Towns and Villages.") 

In the fall of 1837 occurred the first birth 
in the township — that of Missouri E., daughter 
of M. B. Robinson; the first death was that of 
John W. Clarke, in September, 1847, and the 
first marriage that of Perminium Hamilton to 
Elizabeth A. Robinson. David Robinson taught 
the first school in 1838, and about the same time 
the first religiovis services were held by Rev. 
William K. Stewart, of Macomb, at the resi- 
dence of M. B. Robinson. 

But little was done by way of settlement un- 
til after the completion of the Chicago, Burling- 
ton & Quincy Railroad, when every quarter- 
section was soon occupied; and inasmuch as 
the details of the growth of the township was 
closely identified with the city of Bushnell, the 
reader is referred to the article in this history 
on "Cities. Towns and Villages." Population 
(1900) 2,865. 

"Trim.vx','! Pionker STin F.\Rjt." of Bushnell. 
McDonough County, 111., is one of the most in- 
teresting places in the State for admirers of 




^yy n^yc^'^^ce^^ /^-'^^rv'-^^'j-e 



HISTORY OF AlcUOXOLGll COL'XTV. 



657 



high-bred stallions to visit, and It has also 
proved a very profitable visiting point for a 
large number of i)rogressive farmers, who have 
thereby become possessed of the sires of some 
of the best blooded draft horses to be found in a 
large extent of territory. The fame of the enter- 
prise is not merely local, nor is it confined to 
the State where it originated, but has extended 
to all parts of the country. Its first location 
was at the Union Stocl< Yards, Chicago, where 
It was founded in ISTS by J. H. Truman, who. 
although no longer a resident of the United 
States, is still one of the owners of the farm. 
The venture was undertaken for the purpose 
of perfecting the breeding of Shire horses in 
the United States, and the process never attain 
ed a high degree of success in this country until 
Mr. Truman identified himself with it. When 
the establishment was transferred from Chi- 
cago to Bushnell. McDonough County, thus giv- 
ing it the benefit of an environment by one of 
the best farming regions of the State, its fa- 
cilities were largely multiplied. Some time 
after it had entered upon a course of full oper- 
ation in the new locality, J. G. Truman assumed 
entire personal charge of the local opera- 
tion, and J. H. Truman, who had previously 
confined himself to periodical trips across the 
Atlantic in the interest of the enterprise, be- 
came a resident of Whittlesea, England, from 
which point he has selected and forwarded to 
the Bushnell farm the best Shire stallions ob- 
tainable in Great Britain. These include Per- 
cherons, Belgians, SuffoUis and Hackneys. The 
various specimens of these breeds, which may 
be found at the Pioneer Stud Farm, are of ad- 
mirable quality, and in their abundant scale, 
conformation and style of action, they meet 
the essential requirements of the most service 
able and desirable modern draft or coach horse. 
The pavilion which houses these splendid ani- 
mals is 40 by 140 feet in dimensions, contain- 
ing 20 large box-stalls, each 12 by 12 feet in 
size, and the entire establishment is equipped 
in the most perfect manner, the arrangements 
being especially well calculated to keep the 
horses in prime condition, and to conduce to 
the convenience and efficiency of the grooms 
in charge. In all respects, the enterprise is a 
credit to Its Immediate locality and to McDon- 
ough County. Mr. .7. G. Truman, who directs 
the operation of the concern on this side of 
the Atlantic, is a thorough horseman and wide- 



ly popular; and both he and his partner J. H. 
have been engaged in the busines.s of handling 
select grade horses for nearly thirty yeai-s. A 
suitable illustration of the "Pioneer Stud Farm" 
accomi)anies this sketch. 

Ph.virik City Towxship lies in the extreme 
northeastern corner of the county (the north 
half of Town 7 N.. R. 1 \V. ) and consists of 
eighteen sections of beautiful rolling prairie, 
which in fertility of soil is not surpassed by 
any section in the State of Illinois. The en- 
tire township is composed of the finest and 
best improved farms in the county. Like the 
Bushnell section, little was done toward the 
development of this township until the comple- 
tion of the railroad, after which, within a very 
few years, it was entirely settled and improved. 

Prairie City Township was organized in IS^l. 
and its first election was held April Vth of that 
year, at which time William H. Oglesby and 
J. R. Parker were elected Justices of the Peace 
and Leonard NefC. Constable. R. H. McFarland 
was the first Police Magistrate and ex-officio 
Justice of the Peace, elected January 15, 1S58. 
At the time of the organization. Prairie City 
was a full Congressional Township, but has 
since been divided and the present township 
of Bushnell created. Although this part of the 
township had scattering settlers at an early 
day its growth was slow; in fact, a large pro- 
portion of the other townships had been set- 
tled before Prairie City; but when the wonder- 
ful productiveness of its soil became known, its 
growth was botn rapid and substantial, and now 
no township in the county can boast of a bet- 
ter class of farms and residences. 

Of the pioneers most worthy of mention are 
Henry Brink, located on Section 2, in 1835. and 
John GrifBn, on the same section, and part of 
the present site of the corporation of Prairie 
City, pdward Goldsmith and Henry Thompson 
were settlers as early as 1S36, the latter build- 
ing his cabin on Section 13. (As the history 
of the Township is largely identical with that 
of the town of Prairie City, further details will 
be given in the chapter on "Cities, Towns and 
Villages.") 

Addie Hamilton, daughter of J. M. Hamilton, 
was the first child native to the township, be- 
ing born September 6. 1,S,'J5. The first class of 
the Methodist Church was or.ganized In 1S56, 
the Free Will Baptist Church was founded in 



658 



HISTORY OF AIcDOXOL'GH COUNTY. 



September of that year, and the Presbyterian 
Church in 1S41, at the residence of George 
Kreider, in Fulton County. From the organiza- 
tion last named the church in Prairie City was 
instituted. Township population (1900) 1,142. 

I.NDUSTKY Tow.NSHip (4 N., 2 W. ) — In the 
spring of 1826 W'illiam Carter and Riggs Pen- 
nington settled in this township, about one 
mile southeast of where the town of Industry 
now stands. Like all the early settlers, they 
commenced clearing their land of timber, not 
dreaming that the untimbered prairie would 
ever be used, to any extent, for farming pur- 
poses; as was expressed by the pioneers, "the 
prairie would be good for cattle ranges." The 
locality noted above was known as Carter's Set- 
tlement; but the original settlers remained 
only a few years, when they left the county. 
Stephen Osborne likewise improved a farm in 
1826, and disappeared after a short residence. 
In the fall of 1S27 William Stephens erected a 
cabin on Section 24, and located as a perma- 
nent inhabitant. It was in his log house that 
Rev. .John Logan delivered the first sermon 
in the county. 

In the winter of 1828 Rev. John Logan, a Bap- 
tist minister, resided in the old log fort, but 
within a year thereafter removed to the cabin 
built by Stephen Osborne, where, as stated, 
he preached the pioneer sermon of the county. 
In the fall he settled in Schuyler County, later 
returning to Hire Township. 

Industry Township, one of the southern tier 
of townships in McEtonough County, and im- 
mediately west of Eldorado Township, was or- 
ganized Apiil 7, 1857, when R. L. Dark 
and William Shannon were elected Justices 
of the Peace, and William B. Peak and John 
Carroll, Constables. The first postoffice was 
established at Doddsville. The first marriage 
in the township and the county occurred Octo- 
ber 30, 1828, the contracting parties being John 
Wilson and Martha R., daughter of James 
Vance. Rev. John Logan was the officiating 
clergyman. 

Mr. Logan also organized the first Sunday- 
school in the county at the "Old Fort," near 
what is now called the Cross Roads, about two 
miles south of the present town of Industry. 
The oldest Sunday-school in ine county was or- 
ganized in 1833. at the house of John Rogers 
on Camp Creek, this township. It was desig- 



nated as a Union Sunday-school, and was estab- 
lished by Alex. Campbell, who was its first 
Superintendent. This school was in existence 
for many years, and was finally merged into 
the Camp Creek Presbyterian Church, of which 
the Rev. James M. Chase was pastor for many 
years. Population (1900) 1,504. 

ScoTL.WD Tow.xsiiii' (5 N., 2 W.), immediate- 
ly north of Industry and west of New Salem 
Township, is one of the banner agricul- 
tural townships of McDonough County, every 
acre being under cultivation. Camp Creek, 
which Is in the southern part of the township, 
passes between Sections 24 and 25, flows in a 
southwesterly direction through Sections 26, 
27, 34, 22 and 32, and thence enters Industry 
Township. Troublesome Creek rises in Section 
1. and passes tnrough Sections 1, 2, 4, 10, 9, 16, 
17 and IS. These streams are so situated as to 
furnish the best watering facilities to the farm- 
er and stock-raiser. There is a narrow strip 
of excellent timber on the southern edge of the 
township. 

The land not immediately adjoining the 
streams is level, and in the hands of a class of 
thrifty and skillful agriculturists has been de- 
veloped to its fullest capacity, making the town- 
ship second to none in point of agricultural 
wealth. The citizens are largely of Scotch birth, 
or descendants of that industrious, intelligent 
and hardy people, who take especial pride in the 
advancement of everything calculated to add 
to the comfort and attractiveness of their 
homes. Fine country residences and commodi- 
ous out-buildings are the rule, and quite a num- 
ber of artificial groves greet the eye, relieving 
the monotony of the rich pasture land and 
large fields of grain. 

In the spring of 1828 William Osborne set- 
tled in the township, camping during the sum- 
mer on the banks of the stream which, accord- 
ing to tradition, thus received the name of 
Camp Creek. The first permanent settlement 
was made by Joshua Reno and family in the 
spring of 1831. They located in the southern 
portion of the township on Camp Creek, near 
the old Presbyterian church, but after a time 
Mr. Reno disposed of his property and removed 
from the county. The next settlers were the 
Lees — Robert and family, his son John and 
family, and Alexander and James, unmarried 
sons of Robert. The latter soon married and 




r/r/r/"/ ^jr/Yrj 



HISTORY OF McDOXorCill COLXTV. 



659 



located on the farm afterward purchased by 
Cyrus Walker. About the same time Austin 
Col<er, Berry Stockton, Elhannan Lane, lienja- 
min Rice and Stephen Harp and family settled 
along the southern half of the township. 

Joseph McCrosky came to the township from 
Kentucky in 1832, but subsequently removed 
to Macomb, where he died. In the following 
year Dr. Charles Hays settled on the southeast 
quarter of Section .34. As a physician he was 
favorably known and continued in the practice 
of his profession at Macomb, where he died 
some years ago. As stated, Cyrus Walker, a 
lawyer, whose high reputation extended over 
the Northwest, settled on the Lee farm. Alex- 
ander Lee, of the family mentioned, came to 
the township in 1831, and erected a cabin on 
Section 27, which, four years later, was pur- 
chased by John Clark, who was the first of the 
many Scotch settlers who subsequently located 
in the township. 

From 1S50 to 1S60 the township rapidly in- 
creased in population and wealth, many of those 
who located there coming direct from Scot- 
land, such as the McMillans, Watsons, Mc- 
Leans, Barclays and Bennies. The farms of 
these splendid immigrants are still in their 
possession, or in the hands of their immediate 
descendants. 

John Walker, Hugh McAlary and James E. D. 
Hammer settled in 1S34, and Joseph Sullivan, 
Sr., and Allen H. Walker, in 1835. Theophilus 
G. Walker, son of Allen, was one of the orig- 
inal members of the Camp Creek Presbyterian 
Church. Many of the descendants of those 
named are still residents of the township or 
other portions of JIcDonough County. Among 
the most prominent and wealthy farmers of 
Scotland Township at the present time may be 
instanced John Watson, Joseph W'alker, Bent- 
ly W. Taylor, Robert C. Pointer, R. A. Pollock, 
George Patrick, Robert Roberts, R. T. Rexroat, 
B. D. Herndon, Howard Herndon, W. W. Hen- 
derson. William H. Clark. Robert Binnie. Mrs. 
Sarah Binnie, Josiah McDonald and J. M. .Mat- 
thews. ( Biographical sketches of those just 
named appear in the Biographical Department.) 
Population of the township in 1900, 868. 

Macomb Townshii- (6 N., 2 W. ) embraces 
within its limits a fine body of agricultural 
land, every acre of which is under cultivation. 
Crooked Creek passes through the entire town- 



ship, entering the eastern border at Section 
13 and making its exit at Section 30. Drown- 
ing Fork, a branch of this stream, receives its 
name from the following circumstance: In 
INL'7 three soldiers, who had been engaged in 
fighting Indians, were returning from Wiscon- 
sin and, on arriving at this branch of Crooked 
Creek, found it much swollen by recent rains. 
In attempting to cross it two were drowned, 
and the survivor buried the bodies beside the 
stream. Proceeding to the block-house in In- 
dustry Townshii), he narrated the circumstance 
to the few settlers who were there, who, on 
accompanying him to the scene of the acci- 
dent, found the conditions as he had stated; 
whereupon they gave the stream the name 
which it has since borne. 

The only timber in the township lies along 
the banks of Crooked Creek, although the nat- 
ural deficiency has been largely overcome by 
the substantia! and far-sighted farmers who 
have planted groves around their homesteads, 
thereby adding both to their value and attract- 
iveness. As stated, the land is excellent in qual- 
ity, being chiefly comiwsed of dark loam, with 
some sections of light clay and vegetable mold. 
The best quantity of fire and i)otter's clay is 
found in inexhaustible quantities, and is 
shipped throughout the United States and Can- 
ada, the industry |)roving to be a great source 
of wealth to the county. 

The first settlement in the township was 
made by James Fulton in 1830. After remain- 
ing on his farm for many years he removed to 
Macomb, where he died a few years ago. Silas 
Hamilton located on Section 4, Alexander Har- 
ris on Section 22 and George Miller on Section 
24, all in the year 1S31. In 1S32 Abner Walker 
settled on Section 16 and John Harris on Sec- 
tion 22. In the following year James Creel 
built a cabin on the site of Bardolph, then 
known as W'olf Grove, but departed soon after- 
ward and his log house was used for school 
purposes. Robert Grant, J. P. Updegraff and 
F;phraim Palmer were settlers of 1S34. In the 
fall of that year. Thomas Brooking came upon 
the scene, spent the winter in Macomb, and in 
the spring of 1835 built a double log-cabin on 
Section 30. where Oakwood Cemetery is now 
situated. 

Mr. Brooking is said to have taught the first 
school in Macomb during his sojourn, opening 
this pioneer session in the log court house. 



66o 



HISTORY OF .AIcDONOUGH COUNTY. 



then situated on the corner of the alley at the 
northeast comer of the Square where the Eagle 
newspaper office is now located. At that time 
he resided in a small house across the street 
from the court house, standing on the present 
site of the Union National Bank. Major Brook- 
ing removed to Macomb in 1S56, and tor a long 
time kept the principal hotel on the west side 
of the Public Square. His death occurred but 
a few years ago. 

John H. Snapp and David M. Crabb settled in 
1S34 and 1836, respectively. John M. Crabb 
also located in the township in the latter year. 
Mr. Crabb was born in Westmoreland County, 
Va.. September 1, 1792, and was the son of 
Daniel and Frances (MiddletonI Crabb. His 
parents were natives of England, but came to 
this country prior to the Revolutionary War. 
Mr. Crabb was therefore of good Revolution- 
ary stock, and when the War of 1812 was de- 
clared, being then about twenty years of age, 
his patriotic instincts were aroused. He was 
one of the first to enter the military service, 
and for two years served his country honor- 
ably and well, eventually receiving a pension of 
eight dollars per month and a land warrant 
as a deserved reward for his soldierly service. 

The first election under township organiza- 
tion was held on April 7, 1857, when W. S. Hail 
and W. I. Hendricks were elected Justices of 
the Peace. On the 4th of the following May 
J. O. C. Wilson was elected the first Police 
Magistrate. 

In 1832 George Miller and Abner Walker 
erected the first grist-mill on Crooked Creek. 
They operated it for some time, and, after 
passing through various hands, it was finally 
purchased by Thomas Rabbit, who converted 
it into a steam mill, which, in turn, was de- 
stroyed. The first Sunday-school in the town- 
ship was organized at the house of George 
Miller, in 1837, by Rev. William H. Jackson, 
assisted by James Harris and M. Vincent. The 
first brick house was built by a Mr. Lovell, on 
Section 26, in the year 1836. 

Among the prominent citizens of Macomb 
Township may be mentioned John E. Hendrick- 
son (who, for nearly half a century, has been 
the station agent of the Chicago. Burlington & 
Quincy Railroad), A. H. Maxwell, O. S. Lester. 
A. Horrocks and J. H. Cannon, sketches of 
whom appear elsewhere in this record. (For 
a history of the city of Macomb see chapter on 



"Cities, Towns and Villages.") The total popu- 
lation of Macomb Township, exclusive of Ma- 
comb City, in 1900, was 1,186. 

Walxut Grove Township (7 N., 2 W.).— This 
township is on the northern border of the 
county, adjoining Warren County, and was first 
settled in 1S30. The quality of the land is ex- 
cellent, but little timbered. Walnut Grove was 
so named from the fact that walnut timber 
grew quite abundantly. For many years camp- 
meetings were annually held in the Grove by 
the Cumberland Presbyterians and Methodists, 
the attendance being large, drawn, as it was, 
from a tract of country many miles in extent. 
A powerful attraction was the celebrated Peter 
Cartwright, a pioneer minister of the Method- 
ist Church and well known throughout the 
State, who, for several years, was the moving 
spirt In such meetings. 

The Toledo. Peoria & Western Railroad 
passes through the township from east to 
west, and the Rock Island branch of the Chi- 
cago, Burlington & Quincy Railroad crosses its 
northeast corner. A portion of the village of 
Good Hope lies in the township near the south- 
west corner. 

The pioneer settler of this township was 
Isaac Bartlett, who, in the fall of 1830, located 
on Section 34, where he erected a log-cabin and 
engaged in breaking prairie in the vicinity of 
Spring Creek. During the following winter, 
which is remembered historically as the "Win- 
ter of the Deep Snow," he also engaged in mak- 
ing rails, and while thus employed made several 
unsuccessful attempts to reach his aged par- 
ents, who, as he knew, would be in destitute 
circumstances. When he finally was able to 
come to their relief, he found that his father 
had killed the cow, to which he and his wife 
had been driven for the purpose of procuring 
food, and as soon as possible he removed them 
to his quarters on Spring Creek. 

No farther progress was made in settlement 
of the township until the spring of 1835, when 
Sydney Geer, who came from Schuyler County, 
111., entered land on Section 14 and there built 
a cabin. After breaking five acres of land and 
planting it with corn, he had what might be 
considered bad luck. While on a visit to rela- 
tives in Schuyler County, the wind blew down 
his fences, the hogs destroyed his corn, and 
his team ran away, inflicting upon him a heavy 



HISTORY OF .McDOXOL'tiH COL'XTY. 



66i 



loss. This series of misfortunes induced Mr. 
Geer to remove permanently to Schuyler, 
where, it is hoped, his ill-fortune did not pur- 
sue him. 

J. H. Campbell settled in the township, March 
20, 1S35, but after a residence of one year re- 
moved to Industry and thence to Macomb, 
where he lived for many years. The next set- 
tlers were Gilmer and Quintus Walker, with 
their families. The latter settled on Section 
16, there erecting a log cabin. Gilmer Walker 
improved Section 34, building the first frame 
house in the township. Both remained here 
during their lifetime, and their descendants are 
among the most prominent families of the 
township. In 1S36 Hugh Ervin occupied a farm, 
but afterward moved to Macomb, where he died 
some years ago. Mr. Ervin was a man of prom- 
inence, and served one term as Representa- 
tive In the General Assembly (the Thirteenth 
— 1842-44.) James Hogshett was a settler of 
1837; in the spring of the same year Robert 
Perry located on Section 16. while about the 
same time Joseph and John Ballance erected 
cabins for their families on Section 28. The 
settlers of 1838 were P. Livingston, William 
Young and William W. Stewart, the last named 
locating on the Hogshett farm, where he re- 
mained until his death a few years ago. 

The township organization was effected at 
the house of Thomas F. Flowers. April 7, 1857. 
The first court was held by Gilmer Walker, un- 
der a large elm tree near his house; at the 
time (1837) he was acting as Justice of the 
Peace. The first religious services, in 1836, 
were held at Mr. Walker's nouse by Rev. Wil- 
liam Frazier, a Presbyterian minister. On Feb- 
ruary 15, 1838, occurred the first marriage in 
the township — that of the Rev. Harrison Berry 
to Mary M. Walker. Walker Findley taught the 
first school in a log cabin, in 1.S3S. Sidney 
Geer, whose misfortunes have already been 
recounted, broke the first lirairie sod and plant- 
ed the first corn, in 1835. The first wheat was 
sown by Gilmer and Quintus Walker. In the 
fall of 1837 occurred the first death— that of 
Martha, daughter of Gilmer Walker. 

The township has two villages — Good Hope 
and Scottsburg — mention of which is made in 
the chapters on "Cities, Towns and Villages." 
All in all, the inhabitants of Walnut Grove 
Township are a thrifty, prosperous ajid most 
excellent class of citizens. Population (1900), 
948. 



Bktiikl TowNSHii- (4 N.. 3 W.)— This town- 
ship is situated on the southern side of the 
county, adjoining Schuyler County and west of 
Industry Township. Its southern portion is 
largely covered with timber of most excellent 
quality, the land being underlaid with coal and 
an abundance of sandstone. The northern part 
of the township is composed for the most part 
of good prairie land, which is now well im- 
proved and settled by prosperous farmers. The 
township is well watered. Crooked, Camp and 
Grindstone Creeks pass through its entire 
length, the latter coming in at the southeast 
corner of Section 24, while the former enters 
the township at the northeast quarter of Sec- 
tion 1, the two streams forming a junction on 
the northeast quarter of Section 31. 

A noticeable feature of this township is in 
Section 30, where is found a group of Indian 
mounds, which evidently were used for burial 
purposes by the aborigines of this section. 
They consist of an irregular row of hillocks 
from three to six feet in height and from fifteen 
to twenty-five feet at their base. In all, they 
probably number twenty and are located in the 
eastern portion of the section named. Being 
now covered with large oak and hickory trees, 
it is evident that they are of ancient date. At 
different times, the settlers have opened some 
of those mounds and found various implements 
of warfare, such as stone hatchets, spears and 
ari-ow heads and even bones of the braves who 
had gone to the happy hunting grounds so many 
years ago. 

The first settlement in the township was 
made by John Gibson in 1829, who at that time 
erected its first house. Among the very early 
pioneers were also Benjamin Mathews, of 1829; 
James H. Dunsworth, who settled on Section 8 
in 1830; John Edmonson and John Venard came 
in the same year; William Venard became a 
resident in the following year; Charles Duns- 
worth settled on Section 17, in 1832, and Mala- 
chi Monk on Section 7 during the same year; 
Martin Fugate on Section 21. and John W. Fu- 
gate on Section 30, 1S32; James C. Archer came 
the same year; Thomas F. Shoopman located on 
Section 29 in 1833— William I. Pace, Bowen 
Webb, Jesse C. Webb, John and Samuel T. 
Mathews also coming the same year: M. C. 
Foster in 1834: William Holton on Section 30. 
James L. Horrell, John McCormack, John Pat- 
rick, James E. Riggs. and Samuel and Russell 
Riggs all coming into the township in 1835. 



662 



HISTORY OF Mcdonough county. 



Bethel Township was first named Eagle, but 
in May, 1857, soon after its organization, the 
Supervisors changed it to Bethel. The organi- 
zation was effected April 7, 1S57, when William 
Twaddle and John Taylor were elected Jus- 
tices of the Peace and John Brundage, Con- 
stable . For many years the village of Middle- 
town was a busy and enterprisng place, but on 
the completion of the Chicago, Burlington & 
Quincy Railroad, it fell into decadence, and 
now but few houses remain. The location is 
now known as Fandon postoffice. 

The first sermon in the township was 
preached by Benjamin Mathews, a Baptist min- 
ister. A church of that denomination was or- 
ganized and is still in existence. The place of 
worship was a log house, 18x20 feet, and was 
in use for many years, the present frame build- 
ing occupied as a church being erected on the 
same premises. John Claybaugh taught the 
first term of school in 1831, and the first mar- 
riage took place March 29, 1S36, the contract- 
ing parties being William Venard and Sarah 
J. McClure. The first birth was that of Joseph, 
son of John Gibson, in the year 1832. The 
first deaths occurred in 1S30, four children be- 
ing buried on the farm of J. H. Dunsworth, on 
Section 7. In 1860 the first brick residence was 
erected by Jonn M. Dunsworth, being a large 
two-story structure. Population (1900) 1,130. 

Cn,vi--\iEns Towx.siiip (nortn of Bethel and 
west of Scotland Township). — This Township 
was organized in 18.57 and remained intact with 
boundaries identical with Town 5 North, Range 
3 West until 1880, when Colchester Township 
was formedi at which time all of Sections 5. 
6, 7, 8, 17, IS, 19. 30 and 31 were detached from 
Chalmers Township and now compose a part 
of the newly organized township, leaving the 
original township with an area of twenty-seven 
square miles. Chalmers is one of the oldest 
settled townships in the county, this fact be- 
ing largely accounted for by its plentiful sup- 
ply of timber — it having contained more wood- 
ed land than any other township in the county. 
It was originauy named Erin, but at the first 
meetin.g of the Board of Supervisors, in May, 
1857, it was changed to Colchester. A portion 
of the city of Macomb lies in the northeast 
corner of the township. There are many ex- 
cellent farms, highly improved and valuable. 



owned by smail holders — a not unmixed bless- 
ing. 

It is believed that Elias McFadden was the 
first to settle in Chalmers Township. In 1828, 
with his son David, he located in the north- 
east part of the township, about one mile south 
of the site of Macomb — St. Francis Hospital 
being situated on a part of the old farm, which 
is now owned by Mr. Meadow. The McFad- 
dens were both hanged at Rushville, in May, 
1835, for a cold-blooded murder. It seems that 
they and John Wilson owned adjoining timber 
lands, over which they had many bitter dis- 
putes, in 1834 Mr. Wilson, with Nelson Mont- 
gomery, a Constable and Deputy Sheriff, who 
held an execution for debt against the McFad- 
dens, started to levy upon the premises. Ap- 
prehending no danger and arriving at the place, 
they were met by Elias McFadden, who engaged 
them in conversation and decoyed them around 
to the north siae of the house. At that point 
they were in airect range of a window through 
which David McFadden, the son, shot Wilson 
down without a word of warning. Montgomery 
caught the wounded man as he fell, and drag- 
ging him to a wood-shed, hurried to Macomb 
to give the alarm. Soon a crowd of excited 
citzens proceeded to the scene of the murder, 
and found Elias McFadden coolly repairing a 
fence, while near by lay Wilson in a supposed 
dying condition. McFadden was at once ar- 
rested and search made for the then unknown 
murderer. Entering the house a rifle was found 
in the corner near the north window, unload- 
ed. A pane of glass had been broken out, a 
book lay upon the window sill, and both sash 
and book bore marks of powder. Searching 
still further, foot-prints were found leading 
from the house in the direction of the residence 
of David McFadden, who lived just across the 
ravine, on the west side. The tracks led to the 
door of his house, and there the searchers for 
the murderer found David McFadden at work 
on a shoemaker's bench, apparently as uncon- 
cerned as his father. The two were at once 
brought to Macomb and placed under guard, 
to await the result of Mr. Wilson's injuries. 
The wounded man lived but a few days, and 
at his death a preliminary examination of the 
accused was held before James Clark, Justice 
of the Peace, the evidence being as narrated. 
Elias. Dtivid and Wylie (another son) were 




^.TL^ Q-^oi^ 



HISTORY CiV McDOXorcIl CorXTV. 



663 



committed to tne county jail, witlioiit bail, to 
await the session of the Circuit Court, and on 
the 15th of November, 1834, the grand jury 
found a true bill against the three McFaddens. 
A few days thereafter they were arraigned be- 
fore the court, which granted a change of 
venue. Wylie McFadden was subsequently dis- 
charged from custody, the evidence against 
him having been found inconclusive, and in the 
spring of 1S35 Elias and David were taken to 
Rushville, Schuyler County, for trial. In May, 
1835, the case came before Judge Young, of 
the Circuit Court, Cyrus Walker acting as Pros- 
ecuting Attorney and Judge Minshall repre- 
senting the defendants. The trial lasted sev- 
eral days, but despite a vigorous defense, the 
jury returned a verdict of murder in the first 
degree. At the time set by the court the guilty 
men were hanged upon a scaffold, erected in a 
hollow near the city of Rushville. thus paying 
the penalty for their cowardly deed of murder. 
Thomas Hayden. as Sheriff of the County, 
erected the scaffold, and his son. acting as 
Deputy Sheriff, pulled the drop. The bill for 
hanging the guilty wretches ($1.50) is still 
on file in the County Clerk's office at Macomb. 
The principal witnesses in the case were 
George Wilson, Alfred Evans, Nelson Mont- 
gomery, J. W. Brattle. Moses Henton. William 
J. Frazier. William Bowen. Daniel Bowen. 
Perry Keys and James Anderson. Cyrus 
Walker, who prosecuted the case, regretted, to 
the last, the part he took in the trial. Never, 
thereafter, would he prosecute in murder trials, 
but did defend many such cases to the best 
of his great ability. Such, in brief. Is the his- 
tory of the second murder which occurred in 
McDonough County. 

Other early settlers in this vicinity were: 
David Troxwell. who located on the northwest 
quarter of Section 21 in the summer of 182S; 
James Edmonston, on Section 32 in 1829, after- 
ward removing to Schuyler County, where he 
died; William O'Neal located on Section 24 
in the same year, later becoming a resident of 
Iowa; Truman Bowen settled on Section 3. 
about the same time, and died the following 
year; John Massingall. who was more noted 
for his hunting proclivities than for his farm- 
ing abilities, built a cabin on the northwest 
quarter of Section 33. In 1829 W^illiam I. Pace 
settled on the farm now owned by A. J. Pace, 
and William Edmonston on the southwest 



quarter of Section 2fi. Mr. Edmonston served 
two terms as a member of the State Legisla- 
ture, being elected in 1836 and 1838 and serv- 
ing in the same bodies with Abraham Lincoln. 
Other comers of that period were John Wilson, 
who came in 1834 and was murdered during 
the same year by the McFaddens. as heretofore 
narrated; James McClure and Willis Wayland. 
settlers of 1S32_. the latter locating on Section 
34. where he died. Other pioneers of the 'thir- 
ties were: Reuben Alexander. 1833; Williani 
Champ and Wesley Wayland (Section 34), 
1834; Israel Camp (Section 3), Alexander Pro- 
vine (Section 36), William Allison (Section 
24). and John .McCormick (Section 33)— all in 
1835; and Firman B. Camp, on Section 3. No- 
vember 13. 1836. 

Among the prominent and substantial farm- 
ers who are still residents of the township are 
William Andrews. Charles Andrews, T. L. 
Bowen. Stephen Bagley, Andrew J. Dark, Rob- 
ert L. Horrell. J. M. Logan, Robert McCutcheon 
and Fred W. Plassman. (For details of their 
lives see Biographical Dejiartnient. ) Pojjula- 
tion of the township in 1900, exclusive of a part 
of Macomb City, 869. 

EM.\if:T Township (6 N. 3 W.). — This town- 
ship is about equally divided between timber 
and prairie land, and is well watered. Crooked 
Creek i)asses through the southeastern portion, 
entering on the northwest quarter of Section 
25 and leaving on the southwest quarter of 
Section 34. ispring Creek and some smaller 
streams also do their part in watering the 
township. A portion of the city of Macomb 
is on Section 36 of this township. It contains 
many good farms, most of its 23,000 acres of 
land being improved. 

In 1830 Peter Hale made the first settlement 
in Emmet Township, erecting his cabin on land 
to the west of Macomb, where the old cemetery 
is now located. About the same time William 
Pringle located just west of Mr. Hale's place, 
and in the spring of that year James Clarke 
and his son, Samuel L.. settled on Section 36, 
and James and Thoma.s W. Head, on Section 5. 
in 1S32. Richard H. Churchill occupied a farm 
on Section 14. in the same year; Job Yard 
settled on Section 30 and Levi Warren, on the 
same section, in 1833; Benjamin Naylor erect- 
ed a log cabin on Section 29, in 1833; and in 
the following year Joshua Simmons settled on 



66j. 



HISTORY OF .McDOXOUGH COUNTY. 



Section 4, while David Hardin came to tlie 
townsliip in 1S35. 

Many others have done their full share in 
the development of the township, among whose 
industries must he mentioned the celebrated 
McLean stone quarries. Among its enterpris- 
ing and wealthj' farmers are: W. A. Murray, 

C. P. K. Kline, E. Hickman, T. M. Champion, 

D. H. Clark, I. W. Black, and George M. and 

E. O. Cole. (For individual records, see bio- 
graphical sketches.) Population in 1900, exclu- 
sive of a part of the city of Macomb, 1,001. 

ScioTA Township (7 N. 3 W.), with the ex- 
ception of a section in the southwest corner, 
consists of a fine body of prairie land, every 
acre of which is under fence and cultivation, 
and used either for farming or pasturage. Ow- 
ing to a scarcity of timber, this township was 
late in being settled. With fuel and building 
materials scarce, it was a bold act for the early 
settlers to fix their homes on the bleak prairie; 
hence, up to lS5o or 1856, but few had the har- 
dihood to try the experiment. But with the 
advent of the railroads the problem was 
solved, and a rush was made for the bleak but 
rich open land. Lumber, fuel and all necessary 
materials were then easily brought to hand, to 
enable the settlers to fence their fields, build 
their barns and maintain comfortable homes. 
The township is well watered, as Crooked 
Creek passes through ten or twelve of its sec- 
tions. Within its boundaries are two villages — 
Good Hope and Sciota — the latter being first 
named Clarkesville, in honor of William B. 
Clarke, who first located at that point. (See 
chapter in this history, on "Cities, Towns and 
Villages.") 

The first settler of the township was Pers- 
ley Purdy, who built his log cabin on Section 
31. Some time afterward he emigrated to 
Oregon, where he died not many years ago. In 
1S34 Victor M. Hardin came and settled on the 
same section near Mr. Purdy, occupying his 
farm for many years and afterward removing 
to Blandinsville, where he spent the last years 
of his life. John Hainline and family arrived 
in October, 1836, and settled on Section 31, on 
the southeast quarter of which Mr. Hainline 
erected a log-cabin. He resided on this farm 
until his death June 28, 1861. John W. Hain- 
line, his son, who owns the old family home- 
stead, was born May 10, 1846, and is the oldest 



living resident born in the township. In 1838 
Benjamin Clarke settled on Section 30, on 
which he resided until his death in 1854. Har- 
rison Head located on Section 32, in 1834, and 
lived there until his death in 1881. Thomas W. 
Head, who became a settler of Emmet Town- 
ship in 1832, located on Section 32 in Sciota 
Township, in 1S4S. After remaining on this 
place for some years, he removed to the village 
of Sciota, where he died a few years ago. 

The above mentioned comprise the earliest 
of the pioneers, but as stated, on the comple- 
tion of the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy line, 
settlers rapidly came in and occupied the 
choice prairie lands. Among this latter class 
may be mentioned the following: Zachariah 
Ricketts, who, in 1856. located on Section 25; 
Louis WooUey, who settled on Section 12, and 
moved to McLean County, III., in 1863; Henry 
Baldwin, who purchased a farm on Section 11 
in 1857, later removed to Warren County, 111., 
after which he returned to this township: Wil- 
liam and Richard Jones, settlers of the same 
year, who came in March, 1857, improved a 
farm on Section 23 and in 1S70 removed to the 
West; Lewis Shaffer, who located on Section 
12, in the spring of 1858, but removed to Fulton 
County in 1862; Robert Bishop, who settled on 
Section 11 in 1859, and a year later migrated to 
Kansas; and last, but by no means least. 
Captain Benjamin A. Griffith, who in July, 
1863, was made Captain of a company in the 
One Hundred and Twenty-fourth Regiment, 
Illinois Volunteer Infantry, was wounded at 
Vicksburg and at Champion Hills, and after 
serving to the conclusion of the war, was mus- 
tered out of the service August 17, 1865. Upon 
his return Captain Griffith located on Section 
31, where he died a few years ago. 

The first marriage in Sciota Township made 
V. M. Hardin and Nancy Purdy man and wife, 
on the 16th of April, 1840. The first school 
house, erected in 1846, was 18x20 feet in dimen- 
sions and constructed of native timber. Louis 
Goddard taught the first term here. Rev. Cy- 
rus Haines preached the first sermon at the 
residence of John Hainline, in the summer of 
1837. The death of Samuel Purdy, in Septem- 
ber, 1841, was the first in the township. John 
H. Hainline was the first child born, his death 
occurring in infancy. A man named Town- 
send, who, in the spring of 1836, entered land 
on Section 31, broke up the first land in the 



HrSTORV Ol-^ MrDOXOL'CH t"( )l'.\" l"^■. 



66: 



township. In tne following summer he broke 
seven acres, but did not put in a crop and left 
the country during the next fall. In the spring 
of 1S37 John Hainline sowed the first wheat 
and planted the pioneer crop of corn. 

Sciota Township was organized in lS5ti. the 
first election occurring .April 7, 1857. William 
B. Clarke and James M. Wallin were elected 
Justices of the Peace, and so officiated for 
many years. The total population of the town- 
ship in 1900, including Sciota village and part 
of Good Hope Village, was 1.304. 

L-VMOINK Tow.xsiiu- (4 X.. 4 W.). in the 
southwest corner of the county, contains about 
23.000 acres, the most of which consists of 
timber and broken land. That portion of the 
township known as Round Prairie, on the bor- 
der of Hancock and Schuyler Counties, is good 
soil, and comprises excellent, improved farms. 
Troublesome and Crooked Creeks pass through 
the townshii), the latter entering on Section 
18 and flowing diagonally through Sections 17. 
21, 22. 27 and the southwest corner of 34. 
Troublesome Creek enters on Section 21, and 
jtasses through Sections 3 and 9, entering 
Crooked Creek on Section 34. 

The settlement of this township was difli- 
cult and slow. .\s it was densely wooded, he- 
roic labor was required to clear the land. It 
had been the recent home of the Indian, as 
well as the deer, the wolf and other wild ani- 
mals, and it required hardy sons of toil to 
bring the condition of the people up to a state 
of security and comfort; but after years of 
hard work and often of suffering, this was ac- 
complished. As stated, the township has now 
many excellent farms, and the descendants of 
the pioneers who bore the brunt of the fight 
for civilization are wealthy, industrious and 
prominent citizens. 

The first settlement in the township was 
made in the spring of 1830. by Charles Hills 
and David Fees, who entered land on Section 
12 and erected a log cabin on its northeast 
quarter. Mr. Hills resided for years on Section 
1. and was one of the oldest settlers living in 
the county. John Hills also came in the spring 
of 1S30, settled on Section 12, and was one of 
the volunteers during the Mormon War. In 
the spring of 1832 William Jenkins located in 
the township, as also did Christopher Yates. 
The latter moved to Xauvoo. Hancock County, 
4 



and was subsequently killed in a runaway acci- 
dent near Quincy. In the same year Arvel 
Sherrel settled on Section 31, and Elijah Poole 
and Abel Friend on Section 30. In 1848 the 
latter moved to Iowa. Abel Friend, Sr., and 
family also settled on Section 2S. In 1832 
James King located on Section 3. and James 
Denton, on Section IS, in 1833. On the 1st of 
April, 1834, John H. Smith and his brother, 
Byrd Smith, settled on Section 31, where they 
built a cabin. Byrd died in 1880. but John still 
lives in the township, being one of its most 
l)rominent and wealthy citizens. He remained 
on the farm he first occupieu until the spring 
of 1854, when he sold his place and removed 
to Section 20. where he now resides, highly 
esteemed as an honest Christian gentleman 
and citizen. For many years he has been a 
consistent worker in the Methodist Church, 
having been class-leader for more than a quar- 
ter of a century. In the local public service, 
as School Director, Trustee and Road Commis- 
sioner, he has earned the high esteem and re- 
gards of his neighbors and fellow citizens. 

Besides John H. Smith and those mentioned 
above, a number of the pioneers of the 'thirties 
are worthy of special mention. Isaac G. Smith 
came in 1834, his location being on Section 31. 
In May. 1835. came Hugh E. Wear, a settler, 
who was Justice of the Peace and died in 1873. 
About the same time Beverly Whittington locat- 
ed on the southwest quarter of Section 2S, 
where he spent the remainder of his life. An- 
drew Wear, a son of Hugh, came to the town- 
ship about the same time as his father and 
remained on his farm many years. 

In 1S35 William Hooten came from the State 
of Vermont, traveling the entire distance in a 
lumber wagon, and settled on Section 30 in 
Bethel Townshi]), afterward removing to the 
eastern part of Lainoine. In 1868 he settled at 
Round Prairie, where he died Xovember 12, 
1877. W. H. Hooten, who located in the town- 
ship in 183fi. died in March, 1807. 

In the fall of lS3t! Samuel F. .Morris erected 
a small shanty with dirt floor. He was one of 
the volunteers in the .Mormon War. and was 
present at the death of Joe Smith. John Twid- 
well came with his parents, in 1S36, the family 
first locating on Section 33 and afterward re- 
moving to Section 28. In 1838 Avery Huff set- 
tled on Section 32, where he lived for a num- 
ber of years before returning to his native 



666 



HISTORY OF AFcDOXOL'GH COL'XTV. 



Slate, where he spent the remainder of his 
life. Edward Jarvis settled on Section 4, in 
1S41, and is largely interested in stock-raising. 
Johannis C. Decker settled on Section 29. 
John W. Hendricks, who resides on Section 15, 
came to the county in 1838, and built the first 
brick house in the township. 

In 1837 the Lamoine Mills were erected by 
Butler Gates and a Mr. Mathews on Section 21. 
They have passed through various hands, but 
are still in operation. The first religious ser- 
vices in the township were held at the house 
of John Jarvis, by Jesse Chapman, and the 
first sermons were preached by Father Bradley 
and Thomas Owen at the house of Elijah Poole, 
in 1832. Charles Hills and Charlotta David 
contracted the first marriage, and the first 
birth was that of Sarah, a daughter of David 
Fees, in 1830. In that year the above named 
gentleman built the first loi; cabin in the town- 
ship on Section 12. The first frame building 
was erected by Marcus Rice, in 1840, its loca- 
tion being on Section 11. In 1839 William S. 
Hendricks taught the first school on Section 11. 

At the township meeting held April 7, 1857, 
John Twidwell and J. S. Halliday were elected 
the first Justices of the Peace and Robert Dor- 
othy, the first Constable, The village of Col- 
mar is sitiiated within the township of La- 
moine. (For sketch see "Cities, Towns and 
Villages.") Population (1,900), 1,015. 

TE^"^•ESSEE Townshii'. — The original town- 
ship was organized April 7, 1857 (then con- 
sisting of Congressional Township 5 North, 
Range 4 West), and remained without territo- 
rial change until 1880, when Colchester Town- 
ship was created, taking a strip a mile and a 
half wide from its eastern side and reducing its 
present area to twenty-seven square miles. 
Nearly one-half of Tennessee Township is com- 
posed of timber land, and its surface is under- 
laid in many places with an excellent body of 
fire and potter's clay and an almost inexhaust- 
ible supply of superior coal. A large portion 
of the area consists of good farmin.g land, 
somewhat level in sections, but in course of 
thorough drainage, and already comprising 
many first class farms and improvements. 

Crooked Creek enters the township on the 
southwest quarter of Section 1, and flows diag- 
onally through Sections 9, 10, 16, 17 and the 
northern part of 19, leaving at the southwest 



corner of Section IS. At this point it is quite 
a considerable stream, supplying abundance of 
water. The village of Tennessee is in this 
township. (For sketch, see chapter on "Cities, 
Towns and Villages.") 

Daniel Campbell settled in Tennessee Town- 
ship on December 10, 1829, locating on Sec- 
tion 10. He was a volunteer of the Black Hawk 
War of 1832, became Sheriff of the county, and 
died April 9, 1842. His son, Daniel VV. Camp- 
bell, erected the first business house in the 
village of Colchester. 

Roswell Tyrrell came to the township in 
1826. He was a soldier in the War of 1812, en- 
listing at the age of sixteen years. He re- 
mained in the army throughout the period of 
hostilities, and received for his services a land 
warrant for i60 acres of land, which he sold 
and afterwards purchased a quarter of Section 
29. in Tennessee Township. This tract he oc- 
cupied until his death, April 13. 1872. Mr. Tyr- 
rell was a man of great courage, unswerving 
integrity and esteemed by all who had the 
honor of his acquaintance. His life was replete 
with interesting events, well remembered by 
his old neighbors, but the narrative would be 
too long to insert in this connection: suffice it 
to say, that he was an honor to his family and 
country. 

Joshua Hunt located on Section 3 in 1831, 
and passed the remainder of his life there. 
His son, Simon W. Hunt, owned large tracts of 
land, and was noted as a stock-raiser. Hugh 
McDonough located on Section 31, where he 
resided for many years, his family being still 
well known and esteemed in the county. In 
the spring of 1832 James Fulkerson located on 
Sections 28 and 29, where he remained until 
his death, July 3, 1867, aged seventy years. 
Thomas Fulkerson, his son, .proved an vmusu- 
ally bright student, receiving his higher edu- 
cation at McDonough College, at Macomb, and 
afterward teaching school at Hills' Grove for a 
number of years. In the fall of 1833 John Wad- 
dell entered land in this township, lived on 
his farm for many years and died there Janu- 
ary 9, 1877. There was a large family of 
Waddills, many of whom are still residents of 
Tennessee Township. John Kirk settled on 
Section 34, in the spring of 1834, and in 1856 
removed to Blandinsville, where he died in 
November of that year. 

Larkin C. Bacon, a native of Tennessee, be- 




MR. AND MRS. EDWARD D. BRINTON 



HISTORY OF McDOXOL'GH COUNTY. 



667 



came a resident of the township in March. 
1S3-1, settling on Section 34. where he pros- 
pered and added continually to his farming in- 
terests. He was also an active business man, 
dealing largely in cattle; and both in his ag- 
ricultural and his live-stock operations he was 
entirely successful. Further, for many years, 
he was a leader in church and Sunda.v-school 
work, being superintendent of the latter for 
a long period. At the age of nineteen years 
he had joined the Baptist Cnurch, but there 
being no organization of that denomination in 
the vicinity of his Illinois nome, in 1845 he be- 
came a member of the Methodist Church, and 
continued a faithful adherent to that faith until 
his death, October 24, 1S77. Dr. Bacon, of Ma- 
comb, one of tne prominent surgeons and phy- 
sicians of the county, was the founder of St. 
Francis Hospital, in that city. 

In 1835 John Lyon settled on Section 13 of 
this township, and afterward removed to Sec- 
tion 4, where he resided until shortly before 
his death, which occurred in Adair County, Ky., 
September 27, 1840. Michael Lawyer accom- 
panied his mother to this township and settled 
on Section 34. In the spring of 1S37 Lewis B. 
Mourning came with his parents and located on 
Section S, residing there until his death, April 
18, 1870. Mr. Mourning was an active man of 
business, as well as a power for good in all 
moral and religious movements in his vicinity. 

Charles R. Gilchrist became a resident in 
1837, purchasing land in Section 32 and estab- 
lishing there a very comfortable and desirable 
home. He afterward purchased the old home- 
stead on Section 29, where he resided until his 
death, June 30, 1882. Both his sons, Charles A. 
and Van B. Gilchrist, were prominent men in 
the county, the former becoming a Brigadier- 
General in the Civil War. 

In the fall of 1832 James .Jenkins took up 
land south of Hill's Grove. He is still an active 
worker in all the religious and moral move- 
ments of his locality. 

In 1835 Isaac Holton, a graduate of Brown 
University, moved into the township, and, in 
a loi cabin on Section 20. established what was 
known as Hills' Grove Seminary. He erected 
the building himself, it being a rude structure 
about 20x24 leet. one-and-one-half stories in 
height; It is now used as a stable. Mr. Holton 
conducted a school In which all the collegiate 
branches were taught, and continued in this 



line for fifteen years. He then removed to 
Carthage, 111., where he taught the high 
school tor a year, returning thence to Hills' 
Grove with the intention of resuming his edu- 
cational work there; but his death occurred 
shortly afterward in the vicinity of the school. 
Mr. Holton left his impress not only in this 
township, but his good influence extended 
throughout the county, and his name will not 
soon be forgotten. 

In 1834 Alexander Ladlock taught a school in 
a cabin on Section 9. In 1835 the first religious 
services in the township were held at the resi- 
dence of Isaac Holton. Mr. Valentine, the min- 
ister, also preached the first sermon to the 
people of Tennessee, in the spring of 1832, at 
the house of James Fulkerson. O. A. Young 
built the first steam saw-mill, in 1857, on Sec- 
tion 6. The first marriage was that of Par- 
menio Jones and Ann Dickson, in the spring of 
1836. The first school was taught by James 
Fulkerson, on nis own premises, in the-spring 
of 1832. In July, 1834, occurred the death of 
a Mrs. Taise, a widow, her demise being the 
first in the township. .4s there was no regu- 
lar cemetery, her remains were interred in the 
timber on the northwest quarter of Section 4, 
her coffin of dressed walnut being made by a 
Mr. Durand. 

At the general election in November, 1856, 
it was decided to organize the county into 
townships, and no change was made in the lim- 
its of Tennessee Township until the spring 
election of 1880, when it was voted to transfer 
Sections 1, 12, 13, 24, 25 and 36, and the east 
half of Sections 2, 11, 14, 23, 26 and 35 to the 
township of Colchester. The first township 
election was held April 7, 1857, when S. A. 
Knott was elected Justice of the Peace, and 
D. W. Campbell and Samuel Gibson, Con- 
stables. (For sketch of village of Tennessee, 
see article under heading, "Cities, Towns and 
Villages.") Population of township in 1900, 
1,033. 

Cor.ciiTvSTKK TowNsiiic, as already explained 
in connection with the history of Chalmers and 
Tennessee Townships, was or.ganized in 1880 
with an area of eighteen sections, composed of 
equal parts taken from Chalmers and Tennes- 
see Townships — the northern half of the six- 
mile strip taken from the western part of 
Chalmers Township being two miles wide and 



668 



HISTORY OF McDOXOUGH COUNTY 



the southern halt' one mile wide, while the six- 
mile strip taken from the eastern part o£ Ten- 
nessee Township is one and a half miles wide. 
The early history of the township has already 
been given in connection with that of the town- 
ships of which it constituted a part, while the 
city of Colchester — an important part of the 
township from its prominence as a mining re- 
gion — is treated quite fully in the chapters on 
"Geolo.gy and Mineral Deposits" and "Cities, 
Towns and Villages." The population of Col- 
chester Township, including the city of Col- 
chester, according to the census of 1900, was 
2,389. 

Hire Township (6 N., 4 W.).— The soil of 
this township is of good quality, and the im- 
proved farms are equal to any others in the 
county. It has an area of over 22,000 acres of 
improved prairie land and about 800 acres of 
timber. When the township was organized, in 
1S57, it was named Rock Creek, but when the 
Board of Supervisors met they rechristened it 
Hire, in honor of George Hire, one of the early 
and prominent farmers of the township. 

Richard Dunn was the first settler who im- 
proved land in the township. In 1826 he built 
a cabin, raised four acres of corn and soon 
afterward left the county. Lewis Walters next 
settled on the northwest quarter of Section 3, 
in the year 1829, but left sometime in 1S30. In 
the spring of the latter year Nathaniel Herron 
improved a farm on the northwest quarter of 
Section 3, and continued to make it his home- 
stead until 1855, when he removed to Noda- 
way County, Mo., where he died. James Sey- 
bold settled on Section 4, in 1830, removed to 
Blandinsville in 1860 and died in that village 
in 1869. William H. Hays, who located in 1832, 
resided in the township for a long period and 
died a few years ago. There was a large 
family connection in this county, including 
Hillary Hays, Jefferson Hays, Joseph W. Hays 
and Nathaniel Hays, many of whose descend- 
ants still reside in McDonough. William Rud- 
dell and family entered land on Section 6, in 
1S35, and in 1840 removed to Iowa, where he 
died in 1871. 

Vandever Banks located on the southwest 
quarter of Section 30, built tne usual log cabin, 
and proved to be an energetic, industrious, pros- 
perous and remarkably intelligent farmer. He 
was a Captain in the Mormon War, and in 



1856 was a candidate for the Legislature. Mr. 
Banks received a clear majority in the county, 
which at that time was largely Democratic, 
but, on a technicality, his opponent, George 
Hire, secured the seat. The unsuccessful can- 
didate was a Christian gentleman, and had the 
sincere esteem of his many friends in Mc- 
Donough County. During the Civil War he 
was an influential Union man, upholding in 
every possible way the principles in which he 
so thoroughly believed. Mr. Banks died a few 
years ago on tne farm upon which he had so 
long resided. 

Major Hungate settled on the southwest 
quarter of Section 13, but after a few years' 
residence left the county, accompanied by Ja- 
cob Clarke, who had located on the same sec- 
tion. In the spring of 1S38 Fitzgerald Wool- 
ley and family came overland from the State 
of New York, and located on the southeast 
quarter of Section 32. Mr. Woolley lived there 
until 1847, when he removed to Hancock 
County, where ne died in 1876, aged eighty- 
nine years. In 1842 Jacob Keithly and family 
settled on Section 2. He resided there until 
1860, lived in Blandinsville from that year un- 
til 1870, and then migrated to California, where 
he died, five years later. Ebenezer N. Hiclw 
settled in the township, in 1842, was a success- 
ful stock-raiser and became quite wealthy. 
Jesse Hire located on Section 32 in 1847, but 
subsequently purchased a tract on Section 28, 
upon which he resided until his death. 

George Hire, after whom the township was 
named, settled in McDonougn County in 1851. 
He was a man of ability, practically successful 
and became a wealthy farmer. In 1856 he was 
elected to the Legislature, serving two years. 
Mr. Hire claimed that, when a small boy in 
Virginia, he saw George Washington. 

Among other ])rominent citizens was John H. 
Hays, a native of McDonough County, who was 
born on the family homestead on Section 2, 
April 7, 1836. Oliver P. Courtright settled on 
Section 16, and was among the first to enlist 
under the call tor 75,000 men at the beginning 
of the Civil War. He was also quite active in 
obtaining volunteers. During the war he was 
a member of tne Seventy-eighth Illinois Regi- 
ment, and at the close of the rebellion he re- 
turned home. Mr. Courtright died August 25, 
1878, his remains being interred in the South- 
ern Cemetery, near Blandinsville. In 1854 John 




^J firr^rJ^^^y 



f V 



IISTORV ()1- MtDOXOLliH COUXTY. 



669 



B. Murray settled on a tract in the southeast- 
ern part of the township, his family consisting 
of three daughters and one son. His descend- 
ants in this county are numerous and 
highly respected. In 1S41 M. L. Phelps 
emigrated from the State of New York 
and became a settler of this township. 
He was an industrious and successful 
farmer, amassing quite a fortune. He was 
killed. .January 13, 1S72, near the railroad depot 
at Macomb, by a runaway team, which threw 
him from his wagon, inflicting fatal injuries. 
In 1905, shortly before her death, his widow 
furnished the means to erect the Marietta 
Phelps Hospital, at Macomb, which is a well 
deserved monument to her memory and will 
ever be gratefully remembered by the citizens 
of the place. (For details, see "Hospitals.") 

On April 7, 1857, at an election held under 
the new township organization, Samuel Ix)gan 
was elected Justice of the Peace, and Reuben 
Martin and Thomas Branham, Constables. The 
first religious service held in the township was 
at the residence of Vandever Banks. The pio- 
neer school was taught by Captain Charles R. 
Hume, in 1838, on Section 18. Population 
(1900), 1,011. 

Bl.\>dixsville Tow.Nsmi' (7 N., 4 W.). — This 
township, located in the northwest corner of 
the county, consists principally of an excellent 
quality of prairie land. Along the streams, in 
the early days, there was considerable timber: 
but this has been nearly all cut down, so that 
now the township is mostly under a high state 
of cultivation, its elegant and commodious 
dwellings and barns showing that the people 
are industrious and prosperous. There are 
four small streams which run through the 
township and afford an abundance of water for 
all purposes. One of these streams passes 
through Sections 26, 27, 32, and 33; another 
through Sections 13. 14. 23, 22 and 21, to Sec- 
tion 30: and another through Sections 1, 12. 
11, 10, 15, 16, 17 and IS. indicating that a ma- 
jority of the sections in' the township are well 
supplied with running water. 

The "Winter of the Big Snow" (1830-31) dis- 
couraged many from coming into the town- 
ship, as well as the few who were then here: 
but those who remained through that season of 
suffering have seen the ilevelopment of a fine 
country, and have received the reward of pa- 
tient endurance and industry. 



The earliest settler in the township was 
William Job, who, with several others from 
Morgan County, came on a prospecting tour in 
1825. In the following spring he brought his 
family, and for their accommodation built a 
split log cabin on the southeast quarter of 
Section 33. This was succeeded by a hewed 
log building, considered at that time quite an 
aristocratic edifice. The latter primitive struc- 
ture is still in existence in the city of Blan- 
dinsville. Mr. Job died in 1S35 on the place 
of his labors and improvements. Others soon 
settled in his vicinity, and for many years the 
town of Blandinsville was known as Job's set- 
tlement; in fact, to this day old settlers recog- 
nize it by that name. 

Ephraim Perkins and William Southward 
came with Mr. Job, Mr. Southward settling on 
Section 9 and living there for several years. 
He was the first Sheriff of McDonough County, 
and after his term of office removed to Mis- 
souri. In the Spring of 1826 John Vance also 
settled in the vicinity of Mr. Job. and. after 
residing on his farm until 1854. removed to 
Iowa, where he died December 1, 1866. Frank 
Redden, one of the early pioneers of this 
period, located on Section 34, but ultimately be- 
came a resident of Iowa. 

During the years 1828-30 quite a number 
were added to the settlement. Elijah Bristow 
located on Section 21, but later, with his fam- 
ily, removed to Oregon. John Woodsides set- 
tled on Section 16, where he lived for ten 
years, and then departed trom the county and 
the State. John Bagley died suddenly a short 
time after locating on Section 16. 

On March 14, 1830, John Huston settled on 
the northeast quarter of Section 3. He was a 
man of great energy and intelligence, pros- 
pered, and became wealthy. His death oc- 
curred July 8, 1854. The deceased was also an 
able man of affairs and of unquestioned per- 
sonal integrity. In 1850 he was elected to the 
State Legislature, and there, as elsewhere, 
was truly a representative gentleman. Mem- 
bers of his family occupy prominent positions 
in the affairs of the county and have proved 
themselves worthy of his nonored name. Rig- 
don Huston, a son of John. occu|)ied a portion 
of the family homestead, and added many acres 
to his landed possessions. He was extensively 
engaged in the importing and raising of blood- 
ed cattle, and had an international reputation 
as the owner of one of the best herds of Short 



670 



HISTORY UF AIcDOXOUGH COL'XTY. 



Horn cattle in the United States. Rigdon Hus- 
ton was highly esteemed by all his acquaint- 
ances and business associates, and his death, 
which occurred a few years ago, was generally 
regretted throughout the county. 

In 1830 Russell Duncan built his cabin on 
Section 3 and lived there until his death in 
the spring of 1840. John Scroggins erected a 
cabin on Section 32, made some improvements 
and after a short residence sold liis property 
and moved from the State. John Hardesty set- 
tled on Section 9 in 1830, and died in August, 
1875. Enoch Cyrus came to the township in 
the same year, taught the first term of school, 
and, after a few years, sold his land and went 
to California, where he died. Joel Duncan lo- 
cated on Section 4, also in 1830, built a 
cabin, and afterward removed to a farm farther 
south, where he spent the rest of his life. 
Jacob Koffman, after living for a number of 
years on Section 3, removed to Missouri. The 
Grigsby family came into the township in 1830, 
and quite a number of the children are still 
residents of the county. Thomas B. Duncan 
settled on Section IS, but subsequently re- 
moved to Section 8, where he. has since resided 
for years. 

Thomas A. Mustain came with his family in 
1832. and settled on Section 32; in the same 
year William D. and John F. Mustain located 
on Section 16. The Mustains were an indus- 
trious people and exercised much good influ- 
ence in their community, being regarded as 
honorable and high minded. Harrison Hun- 
gate came to the county September 27, 1833, 
resided eight years on his farm, and then re- 
moved to the village of Blandinsville, where 
he engaged In the grocery business with V. M. 
Hardin. In 1834 Joseph Duncan entered land 
on Section 4, where he afterward suddenly 
died. 

After these early settlers nad improved their 
farms, for some years further settlement was 
at a standstill. From 1850 emigration became 
more active, until finally the township was 
fully improved. James Gilfrey, however, set- 
tled on the northeast quarter of Section 20. 
He was a soldier of 1812, and at his death left 
a large family. Henry F. Gilfrey, a son of 
Mr. Gilfrey, came with his fatEer to this town- 
ship, his chief avocation being that of farm- 
ing, and his occasional occupation that of a 
carpenter and joiner. He removed to Macomb 



in the early 'sixties, dying there a few years 
ago. Among other prominent citizens of the 
township are George W. Mustain, George D. 
Mustain, Martin Spiker, William Martin Miller, 
Philip W. George, John T. James, James Smith 
Dodds, William B. Klrkpatrick and William L. 
Woodside. 

Charles A. Blandin, son of Joseph L. Blan- 
din, founder of the village of Blandinsville. 
settled on a portion of the present site of that 
place, at first engaging in general mercantile 
business. In 1855 he entered into the lumber 
business, cutting logs and floating them down 
to Oquawka, where he had a saw-mill. Subse- 
quently he built a saw-mill at Burlington, and 
constructed and ran a steamboat for the 
transportation of his lumber. In October, ISGO, 
Mr. Blandin returned to Blandinsville and re- 
sumed farming, continuing in this business un- 
till 1877, when he moved to the village of Sci- 
ota, where he built a mill and elevator. After 
a year's residence at Sciota, he sold his prop- 
erty there and returned to Blandinsville, 
where for a number of years he was a hotel- 
keeper and a dealer in grain and live stock. 
He then retired to the old homestead, where he 
still resides. As is indicated by this short 
sketch, Mr. Blandin has been a very active 
business man, and it should be added that he 
is a citizen of upright character and has earned 
imiversal confidence and esteem." 

As to other pioneer events of the township — 
Frank Redden built the first grist-mill on Sec- 
tion 34, where he had settled. In the spring of 
1830 was born the first white child — James, the 
son of John Vance. The first school building, 
constructed of logs, was occupied by Enoch 
Cyrus as a teacher in 1831. Rev. John Logan 
preached the first sermon In 1830, the building 
used as a church being the barn of John 
Hardesty. In 1832 the Baptist and Christian 
denominations erected a union church building 
on Section 21, this being the first house of 
worship in the township. (For further details 
of Blandinsville, see "Cities, Towns and Vil- 
lages.") Population (1900), 1,710. 

In the above record brief reference has been 
made to the several townships, chiefly for the 
))urpose of .giving the history of their organi- 
zation and placing in evidence the names of 
those hardy pioneers who helped to make the 
wilderness blossom like the rose, making it pos- 




MRS. W. T. BROOKING 



HISTORY Ul' -McDUXULGli CtJL'XTV. 



671 



sible for succeeding generations to live in com- 
fort, peace and plenty. To these heroic 
spirits — men and women alike — it is but just 
that such a memorial should be erected and 
their goodly names saved from oblivion. 



CHAPTER X. 



CITIES. TOWNS A.XD VILLAGES. 



CITY OF M.\COMB — .lOII.X BAICER THE FIRST SET- 
TLER — FIR.ST ELECTIOX OF COINTY OFFICERS I.N 
1830 — .VCT OF THE I.E(:iSI,.\TrRE ESTABMSIIlMi 
THE COUNTY SE.\T PRESENT AREA AND TERRI- 
TORY EMBRACED I.N CITY LIMITS CITY I.NCORPO- 

RATED IN 1856 POPn.ATION, PUBLIC BUILDINGS 

AND BUSINESS ENTERPRISES SOME EARLY DOCU- 
MENTARY HISTORY CITIES OF BUSIINELL AND 

COLCHESTER VII.I.A(.ES OF PRAIRIE CITY, BAR- 

DOLPII, INDU.STRY, (iOOD HOPE, .SCIOTA, BLAN- 
DINSVILI.E, NEW PHILADELPHIA, TENNESSEE AND 
COLMAR — BUSINESS CONCERNS, SCHOOLS AND 
CHURCHES SOME ABANDONED VILLAGES. 

City of Macomb. — The first permanent set- 
tler on the original site of the present city 
of Macomb was John Baker, although one 
Elias McFadden appears to have settled in the 
northeast comer of Chalmers Township, near 
the present site of Maoomb in the fall of 1828 
or the spring of 1829. On June 14. 1830, In 
accor.dance with an act passed by the State 
Legislature on January 25, 1826, empowering 
the citizens residing within the limits of the 
territory now comijrising the county of Mc- 
Donough. to organize a county government 
when the population of the new- county should 
amount to 350, the first step was taken to this 
end by the issue of an order by Hon. Richard 
M. Young, then Circuit Judge of the District, 
directing that an election be held at the house 
of Elias McFadden on the 3d day of July fol- 
lowing, for the choice of county officers. (For 
this order see Chapter II. of this "History of 
McDonough County." ) The County Commis- 
sioners then elected adopted a resolution de- 
claring that "The present seat of justice be at 



the house of John Baker, and that for the 
present the same be known as the town of 
Washington." 

In December following James Clarke, who 
had been elected one of the County Commis- 
sioners, went to the city of Springfield, then 
the location of the Land Office, for the purpose 
ot sesurin;^; the title to the land selected as 
the seat of justice for the new county; and 
about the same time the Legislature, tlien in 
session at Vandalia, passed the following act, 
which was approved by the Governor December 
24. 1830: 

"Section 1. Be it enacted by the people of 
the State of Illinois, represented in the Gen- 
eral Assembly. That the county seat of the 
County of .McDonough be, and the same is 
hereby, permanently established on the south- 
west quarter of Section 31, in Township 6 
.\orth, of Range 2 West, and that the Commis- 
sioners of said county are hereby authorized 
to purchase the said quarter section of land 
of the United States, as provided by the laws 
of Congress; and that the name of said 
County Seat shall be called Macomb." 

Although the name was adopted in honor of 
Gen. Alexander Macomb, an officer of the War 
of 1812 who had been connected with Commo- 
dore McDonough-»-for whom the county was 
named — in achieving the victory at the Battle 
of Plattsburg in 1814, the name of the new 
town was spelled locally, for a time, as "Mc- 
Comb," probably because of an Irish element 
in the population. 

The first sale of lots occurred in May, 1S31, 
and it is said that eleven sales were had 
before the tract embraced in the original site 
was disposed of, realizing $4,903.55, the sales 
being conducted at a cost of $186.88 — thereby 
netting $4,816.67. The population began to 
grow in 1831, and since that period various 
additions have been made, until now. judged 
by the map, the city covers an area of nearly 
two square miles, the larger portion being in 
the original township of Macomb, though addi- 
tions have been drawn from the townships of 
Scotland, Chalmers and Emmet. The principal 
additions bear the names of the Chandler's. 
Yieser's. Chase's, Holmes' and Peasley's, 
though others have been made, especially 
those in the vicinity of the County Fair 
Grounds. 

In 1841 Macomb was incorporated as a vil- 



672 



IIIS'IORY OF AkDOXOUGH COl'XTY. 



lage with a Board of five Trustees, the area 
then being one square mile. Its Incorporation 
as a city came in 1S56, with a charter similar 
to that granted the city of Quincy. 

According to the census of 1900. the popu- 
lation was 5,375, which is now estimated as 
approximating 7,000. The city is unsurpassed 
in agricultural surroundings; has a State Nor- 
mal School with the finest building of its kind 
in the State; a good business college; five 
good public schools; a Carnegie Library; one 
Church School; fourteen churches; Y. M. C. 
and Y. W. C. Associations; four weekly and 
two daily newspapers; seven miles of paved 
streets; a beautiful City Park; a superior 
water-system; an excellent sewerage system; 
a well equipped Fire Department: an electric 
light and gas plant; a complete telephone sys- 
tem; is on two railroad lines; has a City 
Commercial Club; three of the largest stone- 
ware factories in the world; two sewerpipe 
works; one large iron-foundry; a large brick- 
yard; three pressed stone factories; two 
planing-mills; two feed-mills; two plumbing 
establishments; three large lumber yards; 
bottling works; sheet-metal works; two marble 
works; two steam laundries; four commodi- 
ous hotels: two candy factories; two up-to- 
date hospitals; one National and three private 
banks; an opera house and coliseum; six 
livery barns: free-mail delivery; is the center 
of seven rural-mail routes: has two green- 
houses; Fair Grounds, including a half-mile 
track: Band and orchestra; a population of 
600 persons employed in factories — and neither 
saloons nor loafers. 

Visitors accord to the city high praise for 
Its beauty and business appearance. It is reg- 
ularly incorporated, a Mayor and a Board of 
eight Aldermen constituting the governing cor- 
Ijoration. It has many societies — notably the 
Masonic. Odd Fellows, Knights of Pythias, An- 
cient Order of United Workmen, Modern 
Woodmen of America. Knights of Columbus, 
several Labor Union Lodges, a Court of Honor 
Lodge, Grand Army Post and Woman's Relief 
Corps, Order of Red Men, Loyal American 
lodges. Mutual Protective League, Mystic 
Workers of the World. Harrison Mutual Burial 
Association, McDonough County Agricultural 
and Mechanical Association. Macomb Mer- 
chants' Club. Macomb Gun Club; Armory of 
Troop H (First Regiment Cav., I. N. G.); 



Woman's Christian Temperance Union (with 
a large number of members); two public parks 
(City Park and Lake George Park), and three 
cemeteries-— Oakwood, Old Cemetery and the 
Catholic Cemetery. 

The city is well represented with tasteful, 
modern church buildings, as follows; African 
Methodist, Christian, Christian Endeavor 
(Chapel), Baptist (Colored), Cumberland 
Presbyterian, First Baptist, First Free Meth- 
odist, First Methodist Episcopal, First Presby- 
terian, St. George's Episcopal. St. Paul's Cath- 
olic, Trinity Lutheran and Universalist. 

The city of Macomb is on the Chicago, Bur- 
liington & Quincy Railroad, and connected with 
the Macomb & Western Illinois Railroad. It is 
204 miles southwest of Chicago and sixty miles 
northeast of Quincy. 

Some Documentary History. — The following 
items taken from the public records of Mc- 
Donough County, soon after its organization 
and after the location of the county-seat at 
the city of Macomb, have been furnished by 
George D. Tunnicliff, Esq., an attorney of that 
city. Having an important bearing upon titles 
to real-estate in the city of Macomb, it is be- 
lieved they will have a permanent value to 
many residents of Macomb and McDonough 
County: hence, they are deemed worthy of 
insertion in this connection: 
"Tuesday, March 8, 1831. 

"Ordered that James Clarke be allowed the 
sum of Three Dollars for going to Springfield 
to enter the quarter section of land on which 
the town of McConib now stands. (In 1S30. ) 

"Ordered that John Baker be and he is here- 
by allowed and granted the fee simple right 
to two lots in the town of McComb where his 
houses now stand, provided the said Town of 
McComb is or may be laid off on the quarter- 
section on which the said houses of said Baker 
now stand, in discharge of payment of account 
for house-rent for county uses and purposes, 
as a court-house; and, further, that so soon 
as the county obtains a deed for said land, 
that the county agent, or agents, make the said 
Baker a deed in fee for said town lots. 

"Ordered thai, James Clarke be requested to 
go to Springfield for the purpose of entering 
the quarter-section of land on which to locate 
the town of McConib, and for so doing he is 
allowed one dollar per day going and returning 




THOMAS A. BROOKINC 



HISTORY Ol- .\Ki)().\"()L"(;M COUNTY 



6/3 



and his expenses, to be borne by the county 
and refunded him on his return. 

"Ordered thai the receipt of the .\!;ent of the 
Land Office be admitted to record, which is 
done in the words and figures following, to- 
wit: 

Si'UiN(;iiKi.i>, 28 Dec, 1830. 
■■Received of James Clarl<e for the County 
Commissioners of the County of McDonough 
of the State of Illinois, to be applied to the 
entry of the southwest quarter of Section 
31. Township fi North, of Range 2 West, or re- 
turned when called for." 

"John Taylor." 
"Ordered that court adjourn \iiitil tomorrow 
morning, nine o'clock. 

'■James Vanck, 
"James Clarke, 
"John Hakdisty. 

"Commissioners." 
■Special Term, March. 1831. 

■■At a special term of the County Commis- 
sioners' Court, begun and holden in pursuance 
to le.gal notice given, the following orders and 
proceedin.gs : 

■'Present, the Honorables James Vance and 
James Clarlve, Commissioners. 

■■Ordered that the plat of the town of Mc- 
Comb, presented this day and marked ■A," be 
filed and adopted as the plat for the Town of 
McComb. and that the lots be laid off sixty 
feet front and to extend back one hundred and 
twenty feet. And it is further ordered that the 
said plat be acknowled.ged and recorded in the 
Recorder's office in and for said county." 

"Special Term, April 11, 1831. At a 
County Commissioners' Court begun and 
holden in and for the County of McDonough: 
"This day was presented for the considera- 
tion of this court a petition of sundry citizens 
asking and praying this court to revoke an 
order adojiting a certain plat for the Town of 
Macomb, filed and marked 'A,' and annexed to 
the said petition as a plat of said Town which 
they (the citizens) request may be adopted, 
and according to which the town may be sur- 
veyed and laid off and established: whereupon, 
after consideration of the said petition 
and examination of the said plat by the Court, 
it is ordered that the said order heretofore 
made, adopting and filing the said plat, first he, 
and the same is hereby, revoked and an- 
nulled; and it is further ordered, that the said 



petition and plat hereto annexed be, and the 
same is, hereby adopted and established for the 
plat of the town of McComb and county-seat of 
McDonough County. And it is further ordered 
that the said plat be handed to the Recorder 
of the said county for record. 
"April 11, 1831. 

"I. James Vance, an acting County Commis- 
sioner in and for the County of McDonough, do 
hereby enter my protest against the adoption 
of the Plat named in the preceding order. 

"James Vaxce." 

"It is ordered and agreed that if John J. Kea- 
ton will, duly and fully (according to the rules 
and regulations of surveying), survey and run 
off the lots of the town of McComb, according 
to the plat to be furnished by the Clerk (which 
was adopted and filed this day), the said Kea- 
ton shall have the sum of thirty-five dollars: 
that is. for running out and laying off 208 lots, 
commencing from the public square and laying 
an equal number of blocks on all sides of said 
square. 

"Ordered, tliat court adjourn until tomorrow 
morning, nine o'clock. 

"James Vance, 
"Jamks Clarke. 
"John Hardisty, 

Commissioners." 
"Tuesday, .\pril 26. 1831. 

"Ordered that William Edmonson be, and he 
is hereby, appointed Commissioner in and for 
the county of McDonough, and to have full 
power as such to sell any lot, or lots, of ground 
in the town of Macomb, and that he act as 
crier of said lots on the days of sale, and that 
he sell at private sale any lot or lots when, in 
his judgment, the sale is to the advantage of 
said county, and that the said Edmonson give 
bond and security, conditioned as required by 
law. in the penal sum of $500. 

".Monday. June 6, 1831. 

"Ordered that the report and account of Wil- 
liam Edmonson of the sale of town lots, as 
agent for said county, be accepted and filed: 
also the Treasurer's receipt in favor of said 
Edmonson. 

"Monday. June 6. 1831. 

"Ordered that the bill of sale of the town 
lots of Macomb, hanaded in by William Ed- 
monson, Esq., be filed, together with the 
Treasurer's receipt for J85.32. 



674 



HISTORY OF MOJOXOL'GH COL'XTY. 



"Tuesday, June 7, 1831. 

-Ordered that the conditions of the sale of 
town lots in the town of Macomb, on the 10th 
day of June, inst., be made known as follows, 
to-wit: The purchaser will be required to give 
bond, with approved security, to the Commis- 
sioner for said county, one-halt the purchase 
money to be paid within nine months and the 
other half wiuiin eighteen months from the 
day of sale. 

"Tuesday, March 6, 1S32. 

"Ordered that the County Surveyor be re- 
quired to proceed and lay off the whole amount 
of land belonging to this county, and mark 
the corners thereof, and then shall proceed to 
extend and lay off the remainder of said 
quarter-section in blocks of the size of blocks 
now established, including the size of the 
alleys, to-wii, three hundred and sixty feet 
square; and to extend the streets according 
to the plat of sixty feet wide, to the out-bound- 
ary line of this quarter. 

"Ordered that William Edmonson be, and he 
is appointed, to take the receipt of the Re- 
ceiver at Springfield, and to draw the sum of 
two hundred dollars, and when so received, 
shall be, by said Edmonson, deposited in the 
Land Office at Quincy for the payment of and 
for the quarter-section on which the town of 
McComb is now located, and receive duplicate 
receipts therefor; that is, for the southwest 
quarter of Section 31 in Township 6 North, in 
Range 2 West; and that he hand unto the 
Clerk's office a receipt for said deposit, and 
that said Edmonson enter Into bond, in the 
penal sum of four hundred dollars, payable 
to the County Commissioners for said county, 
he having undertaken to perform said trip for 
the sum of thirteen dollars and fifty cents, 
which service is to be performed on or before 
the first day oi May next. 

"March 8, 1832. 

"Ordered that the Commissioner offer for 
sale town-lots in this town, and that he adver- 
tise to that effect in the several public places 
in said county, sale to take place on the sec- 
ond Monday of next month. 

"Monday, December 2, 1S33. 

"Ordered that the Commissioner for the sale 
of town-lots be. and he is hereby required, to 
commence suit on all notes in his hands for 
town lots which are now, or as they become 
due for lots in the town of Macomb, for all 
lots which are owned by citizens of other than 



this county, and for notes for lots owned by 
resident citizens of this county, which they 
have not improved; and that collection be 
made, or suits brought forthwith. 

"It is further ordered that the sales made of 
all lots from this day, which may be made, 
shall be for cash in hand and in no case to 
sell to one individual more than two "small 
lots" until the first shall be improved, and 
which improvement this court reserves the 
right to say and decide on. 

"Wednesday, March 5, 1834. 

"Ordered that the Commissioner for the sale 
of town-lots be required to suspend the collec- 
tion of notes now due the county for lots, until 
a certificate from the Land Office, vesting the 
title to the land on which the town of Macomb 
is located is received. 

"Thursday, March 6, 1S34. 

"Ordered that the County Surveyor, as soon 
as may be practicable, to take the variation 
of the streets and lots from the present de- 
cree, and that he also place a stake, or a stone, 
permanently at the corners of each square 
or block, and that he attach the fraction on 
the outside of said blocks on the north, south, 
east and west of said town-quarter to the block 
annexed thereto, and leave only six feet on 
each side of said town quarter for a pass way; 
and that he make a complete report of said 
survey and lots and blocks so established, the 
quantity in each fractional block on all sides 
of said town as so established, etc. 

"Thursday, March 6, 1834. 

"Ordered that the Commissioner be author- 
ized and required to continue the sale of lots 
as is ordered at a time previous to that of last 
court, viz.: To allow a credit, on sales of 
lots so sold by him or to be sold, for nine and 
eighteen months thereon, etc., and that said 
order thereon at the last term of this court 
be revoked. 

"September 1, 1834. 

"This day William Edmonson presented his 
report of his sales of town lots in Macomb, 
which was accepted and ordered to be filed, 
and also Treasurer's receipts. 

"September lo, 1834. 

"Court met pursuant to adjournment, present 
same as heretofore. 

"James Clarke, 
"Nathan Waru, 
"Commissioners." 




Log Cabin on the North Line of Emmet Township. Built in 1835 by James Clarke 
Now owned by Eliphalet Hickman 




About 1873 



S. E. Corner Public Square. Macomb 
About 1873 



HISTORY OF McDtJXOLGll COLXTV. 



675 



"Ordered, that tlie following be substituted 
in lieu of tlie order at the March term, 1834, 
relative to the survey of the Town of Macomb, 
to-wit: Ordered that the County Surveyor talie 
the courses and distances of the streets and 
distances of the streets, alleys, lots and blocks, 
and that he attach the fractional blocks lying 
on the north side of said town quarter-section 
to the tier of blocks next south, which will 
include such parts of Monroe Street as may in- 
tervene and also on the south side of said 
quarter-section, that he attach the south tier 
of fractional blocks, including the intervening 
parts of Clay Street to the tier of blocks next 
north, and that he leave a space, or alley, six 
feet in width, on the north and south sides of 
said town-quarter adjoining its boundary, and 
that he place at certain given distances and 
directions from the corner of each block a 
cedar picket or stake, with distances and 
bearings to be specified in his notes, and that 
he make account of said re-survey, accompa- 
nied by a plat of the same as Is the survey now 
run and established. And further ordered, 
James Clark be employed to procure, by him- 
self or otherwise, sixty-five pickets of the di- 
mensions following, viz.: to be delivered in 
Macomb to James Clark, Esq., for the use of 
the surveyor as aforesaid — at least two inches 
square and eighteen inches long, one end 
sharpened. 

"Tuesday, December 2, 1S34. 

"Ordered that William Edmonson forthwith 
and without further delay commence suit on 
all notes due and payable to the county of Mc- 
Donough and State of Illinois, for lots bought 
from said county and due from persons living 
out of this county, in the most remedial way. 

•Saturday. January 10, 1835. 

"Ordered, that the County Commissioner for 
the sale of town lots be, and he is hereby re- 
quired, to issues notices that all persons in- 
debted to this county shall make payment on or 
before the last day of March term next, and 
all who are then indebted to said county for 
lots shall be forthwith sued by said Commis- 
sioner. 

"Tuesday, March 3, 1835. 

"This day came William Edmonson and pre- 
sented his report of sale of town lots in Ma- 
comb as Commissioner for said sales, which 
was accepted and filed. 

"Friday, March 6, 1835. 



"This day came James W. Rrattle, County 
Surveyor of said county, who presented a plat 
and survey, made by him in pursuance to an 
order made at the Seiitember term of this 
court last; whereui)on, it is ordered that Com- 
missioners W. W. Bailey, William P. Richards, 
Moses Hinton and John Adkinson be requested 
to take said plat and survey, and suggest from 
an examination the most legal manner which 
said plat may be accepted, recorded and es- 
tablished by this court. 

"Friday, March 6, 1835. 

"And, whereas, the committee apiwinted to 
examine a plat submitted to this court by 
the County Surveyor this day. and this day 
reported as follows, viz: The undersigned, a 
committee appointed by the County Commis- 
sioners' Court of .McDonough County, Illinois, 
to take into consideration and report to said 
court their opinion as to the expediency of 
adopting a new piat of the Town of Macomb 
in said County, as also their opinion of the 
best mode of legalizing said plat, obviate all 
doubts and chances for litigation, report: That, 
inasmuch as the existing iilat was adopted, it 
should be complied with on the part of the 
county in the fulfillment of existing contract; 
but that as serious errors and inaccuracies 
exist in it, it would be expedient to adopt the 
plat that has been submitted to our inspection, 
and that the court should order that in all 
deeds to be made in fulfillment of bonds given 
by the acting Commissioners, the correspond 
ing number of blocks in each plat shall be in- 
serted designating the first or original plat No. 
1 and the second No. 2; for instance. Block Xo. 
33 of Plat No. 1, being Block No. 5 of Plat No. 
2, or Block No. 36 of Plat No. 1, being Block 
No. 24 of Plat No. 2; the said plat No. 2 being 
drawn by James W. Brattle. County Surveyor, 
bearing date December 13, 1834. and having 
api)ended to it his certificate that it is a true 
plat. 

".•\11 of which is respectfully submitted. 
"Wm. W. B.\ii.ev. 
"Moses Hinto.N', 
"John Ahkinsox, 
"Wn.i.i.\M P. Ricn.\Rn.s, 

"Committee." 

"Macomb. March fi, 1835. 

"Whereupon, it is ordered that said plat be, 
and the same is hereby accepted and adopted 
in lieu of the former plat, and the Commis- 



676 



HISTORY OF McDOXOL'CH COL'XTY. 



sioner for the sale of town-lots for sales to be 
complied with oa his part as agent for said 
county, shall designate the number of blocks 
and lots, first as to plat No. 1 and plat No. 2, 
as aforesaid reported, and that he make deeds 
thereof accordingly; and that the Clerk of this 
court, after same to be acknowledged, have 
the same filed for record in the County Re- 
corder's office of said County, — together with 
the field note or plats explanatory thereof, as 
made by said County Surveyor. 
"Friday, March 6, 1S35. 

"Ordered, that James W. Brattle, County 
Surveyor of said county, be allowed the sum 
of $03.43%, as per bill this day presented, for 
resurvey of Macomb town-lots, which is al- 
lowed and filed. And the sum of six dollars 
to Abrorah Cannon, as per certificate of Coun- 
ty Surveyor, and the sum of $3,371/2 to 
J. Harrison Head, for certificate of County Sur- 
veyor filed. And that John Hinton be allowed 
the sum of six dollars and twenty-five cents as 
per certificate of County Surveyor filed, and 
also the sum of one dollar and fifty cents to 
James Clark as administrator of Isaac Harvey, 
deceased, on certificate of the County Surveyor 
filed, and the sum of seven dollars and fifty 
cents be allowed to each, James Clark, Cavill 
Archer and Nathan Ward, and same amount 
to James M. Campbell, and the sum of five dol- 
lars to Daniel Campbell (Sheriff) for services 
this term of court. 

"Ordered that court adjourn until court in 
course. 

"Cavill Archer, 
"James Clarke, 
"N.^THAN Ward." 
"Monday, September 7, 1835. 
"This day came William Edmonson, Com- 
missioner for tne sale of the county property 
in the town of iviacomb, viz. : County Treasurer 
receipts for the sum of $467.51, also for $152.75, 
which was ordered to be credited to said Com- 
missioner and charged to said County Treas- 
urer. 

"Monday, December 7, 1S35. 
"Ordered, that the report of the County 
Treasurer for the sum of $418.03, given to Wil- 
liam Edmonson, Commissioner, etc., and to be 
charged to said Treasurer and credited to said 
Commissioner, etc. 
"July 11, 1S36. 
"This day came William Edmonson. Commis- 



sioner, etc., for the sale of town-lots in and for 
the said county and State, and presented the 
following papers, viz.: A receipt from the 
County Treasurer for $300.69, and his report of 
the debts due from the sale of town-lots in 
Macomb and leaves a balance due the county 
of $1,966.25. 

"Monday, November 21, 1836. 

"Whereas, this day William Edmonson, Esq., 
came into court and resigned the office of Com- 
missioner for the sale, etc., of town-lots in the 
town of Macomb. It was thereupon ordered 
that Benjamin T. Naylor, Esq., be and he is 
hereby appointed. Commissioner for the sale 
of town-lots and for the collection of all mon- 
eys due or to become due therefor; to make, 
seal and acknowledge deeds of conveyance, re- 
ceive and receipt for money due said county, 
and that the Clerk take bond in the penal sum 
of $3,000, with William Edmonson, Thompson 
Chandler, Rezin Naylor and T. L. Dickey as 
his securities." 

The City of Bushxell, situated on the north- 
east quarter of Section 33. Town 7 North, Range 
1 West, was platted August 29, 1854, by W. H. 
Rile, County Surveyor, and has since received 
numerous additions. John D. Hail was the own- 
er of the original tract, and sold a two-thirds 
interest to D. P. Wells and Iverson L. Twyman, 
all of Macomb. The town was laid out along 
the line of the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy 
Railroad, which at that time had been graded. 
The tract was divided into forty-eight blocks of 
twelve lots each, the blocks being 360 feet 
square. Two streets were laid out, each sev- 
enty feet wide and running parallel on either 
side of the railroad, all the other thorough- 
fares being sixty feet in width. The first pub- 
lic sale of lots was held in May, 1854; about 
seventy lots tnen being sold at from $30 to 
$120 each. 

The city was named in honor of Hon. Nehe- 
miah Bushnell, who was at that time President 
of the Northern Cross Railroad. The city is 
now a railroad center, at the junction of three 
railroad lines — two branches of the Chicago. 
Burlington & Quincy (main line and Rock Is- 
land Branch), and Toledo, Peoria & Western. 
Bushnell has always been noted for its enter- 
prise and business push. In brief, the present 
leading business features of the city are; An 
opera house, three banks, three book and paper 




First National Bank, Bushnell 



IISTORV OF .McLX)X()L'(;iI CorXTV 



677 



stores, one carpenter sho]). two notion stores, 
oneshoeshop, three furniture stores, one under- 
talvcr. three tailor shops, two harness shops, two 
hardware shops, one grain buying concern, two 
clothing stores, one florist establishment, two 
meat marliets, two carriage factories, one bi- 
cycle factory, two i)hotograpn establishments, 
an electric light and iiower jilant, two pump 
manufacturers, one Telephone Central office, 
one bottling store, three general dry-goods 
stores, three millinery stores, three agricultural 
stores, four jewelry stores, two lumber yards, 
five groceries, one produce dealer, one coal 
dealer, four drug stores, two bakeries, eight 
restaurants, two newspapers, a City Club, eight 
cigar-makers, one feed mill, one poultry store, 
one tinner's shop, two boot and shoe stores, 
one tank manufactory, one laundry, six black- 
smith shops, one livery barn, two hotels, one 
plumber shop, two dentist offices, three barber 
shops. The surrounding country is highly im- 
proved, and the city is principally sustained by 
the farming interests. Bushnell also has an 
annual Agricultural and Mechanical Fair, which 
is well patronized. The population of Bushnell 
in 1900 was 2,490 and it has since had a healthy 
growth. 

Pkaiuik City, located on the northeast quar- 
ter of Section 1, Township 7 .North. Range 1 
West, in the extreme northeast corner of the 
county, was laid out by Kdwin Reed and plat- 
ted October 11. 1S54, by DeWitt C. Folsom, 
Surveyor. It is situated in the midst of the 
finest tract of prairie land imaginable, and Its 
name is quite appropriate. It contains one 
wheat roller-mill, one elevator, one livery barn, 
one lumber yard, one dentist's office, one har- 
ness shop, two hardware stores, three grocer- 
ies, three dry-goods and clothing stores, two 
drug-stores, one jewelry store, one bakery and 
restaurant, one hotel, one meat market, one 
millinery store, two barber shops, one machin- 
ist shop, two blacksmith shops, two insurance 
agencies, one newspaper, one bank, three 
churches (Presbyterian, Methodist and Free- 
Will Baptist), four physicians, one general as- 
sortment store. Golden Gate Lodge, Ancient 
Free and Accepted Masons; Lee Chapter, Xo. 
332, Order of the Eastern Star; McDonough 
Lodge, No. 205, Independent Order of Odd Fel- 
lows, and Westfall Cam|), .Modern Woodmen of 



America. The census of 1900 reported a popu- 
lation of 81S. 

TuK City ok Cohiikster, located on part of 
the northeast quarter of Section 13. Town 5 
North. Range 4 West, was laid out by Charles 
A. Gilchrist and Lewis H. Little, and was plat- 
ted on November 21, 1855, by C. A. Gilchrist, 
Surveyor. The coal industry is paramount in 
this section. (See article on "Geology," Chap- 
ter 'V.) Colchester has always been a stirring 
business center. The clay and brick industry 
is rapidly coming to the front, and. in time, 
will be a potent factor in the material wealth 
of the city. It has two dry-goods and general 
mercantile stores, two banks, three groceries and 
meat stores, one boot and shoe store, one hard- 
ware store, one agricultural warehouse, two 
furniture stores, one clothing store, five restau- 
rants, four barber shops, two harness stores, 
two millinery stores, two hotels, two under- 
takers, two drug stores, two book stores, one 
w^all paper store, two livery and feed barns, 
two jewelry stores, one cigar factory, one 
shoemaker, one photographer's rooms, two feed 
stores, one newspaper, two physicians, three 
dentists. The city is regularly incorporated, 
with a Mayor, Beard of Aldermen and other 
municii)al officers. Population (1900), 1,635. 

Vii.i..\i:k of Bardot,1"h. — Located on Section 
24, Township b North, Range 2 West, the vil- 
lage was laid out by William H. Randolph, G. 
W. Parkinson. William Chambers and Charles 
Chandler, proprietors, and platted September 
1, 1854. It was at first named Randolph, but 
from the fact that there was another town and 
postoffice in the State of that name, it was 
afterward (February 12. 1856) changed to Bar- 
dolph. The town was surveyed and platted by 
William H. Rile. County Surveyor, is surround- 
ed by excellent, well improved farms, and was 
at one time the principal center of the pot- 
ter's clay industry. In their day, the Bardolph 
Fire Clay Works constituted one of the first- 
class factories of the State, but a few years 
ago they were totally destroyed and have never 
been rebuilt. In the vicinity of the village are 
large deposits of excellent clay, and it is prob- 
able that they will a.gain be worked to the 
industrial advantage of Bardolph. It has the 
usual number of stores of all classes, notably 
a large department establishment. There are 



678 



HISTORY (JF .McDOXUUGH COUXTV. 



Masonic, Odd Fellows and Woodmen lodges, 
one newspaper, one bank, a large elevator, two 
churches, and a High School. The village is 
governed by a Board of Trustees. The popula- 
tion in 1900 was about 400. 

ViLi.At.E OF LxDisTRY. — Situated on Section 
10, 4 North, 2 West, the village of Industry was 
laid out by William R. Downer, proprietor, sur- 
veyed by William H. Rile, and platted October 
17, 1855. It was one of the earliest settle- 
ments in the county, and is surrounded by 
heavy timber land, upon which it was origin- 
ally located. Considerable business is drawn 
from the wealthy settlers on the prairie farms 
to the east and west. Industry has a small 
brick and tile factory, and a flour and grist- 
mill. In the vicinity are fine coal lands, which 
are increasing in production and may add much 
to the business of the village. Its business 
establishments consist of one harness shop, 
two meat shops, one jewelry store, two barber 
shops, two restaurants, three millinery stores, 
one notion store, one agricultural warehouse, 
two livery concerns, two blacksmith shops, one 
clothing store, two dry-goods stores, one lum- 
ber yard, three general stores, two groceries, 
one bakery, two drug stores, one hotel, one ele- 
vator, two churches, an opera house, a high 
school and an importing stock farm. There 
are also two veterinary surgeons, two physi- 
cians, one dentist, and a builder and contractor. 
The secret and benevolent societies com- 
prise a Masonic Lodge (No. 327), Lodges of the 
Eastern Star, Odd Fellows, Rebekahs, Mystic 
Workers and Patriotic Sons of America. The 
village is quite a shipping point for cattle. 
Since the completion of the Macomb & West- 
ern Illinois Railroad to the town, there has 
been a decided increase of business of all 
kinds, marked by the erection of brick blocks 
and dwellings and other substantial evidences 
of prosperity. The village population in 1900 
was about 500, which has since materially in- 
creased. 

ViLi,.\r,E OF Good Hope. — This village is locat- 
ed on the southeast quarter of Section 25, Town 
7, Range 3 West, and was laid out by William 
F. Blandin, its proprietor, and platted July 16, 
1S67, by James W. Brattle, Surveyor. Its orig- 
infll name was Milan. Its site is prairie land 
and is surrounded by highly improved farms 



and a wealthy class of settlers. The town is 
on the Toledo, Peoria & Western Railroad, and, 
as it is the grain center of the county, it has 
several good elevators. It has also a public 
hall, a Masonic Lodge, one bank, two general 
mercantile stores, five groceries, two dry-goods 
stores, one agricultural warehouse, one livery, 
three carpenter shops, two blacksmith shops, 
one wagon-shop, one harness shop, one barber 
shop, one lumber yard, one lurniture and un- 
dertaker's warehouse, one restaurant, one meat 
market, three elevators, Methodist, Presbyte- 
rian and Baptist churches, a graded High 
School, one drug store and two physicians. As 
stated. Good Hope is a noted grain shipping 
point, and it may be added that altogether it 
is a thriving little village. The last Govern- 
ment census (1900) showed a population of 
430. 

Village of ScioTA.-^This place was laid out 
by William B. Clarke and originally named 
Clarkesville. It is situated on the southeast 
quarter of Section 29, Town 7 North, R. 3 West, 
and was platted December 23, 1S67, by J. W. 
Brattle, Surveyor. The Toledo, Peoria & West- 
ern Railroad passes through the village, located 
about ten miles west of north from Ma- 
comb, The surrounding country is level prairie, 
and principally devoted to the raising of corn. 
The land is very productive, and Sciota is one 
of the best grain shipping points in the county. 
It possesses two elevators, one hotel, one pub- 
lic hall, one ' harness shoi). a lumber yard, a 
blacksmith and repair shop, a shoemaker's 
shop, a livery, one hardware and agricultural 
warehouse, one boot and shoe store, two gro- 
ceries, one restaurant, three dry goods stores, 
one millinery store, two churches. All in all. 
the business of the village is commensurate 
with the rich farming district by which it is 
surrounded. Population in 1900. 238. 

Blaxuixsville. — This old and beautiful vil- 
lage was laid out by James L. Blandin on the 
southeast quarter of Section 32, 7 N., 4 W.. 
and was platted March 16. 1842, by S. A. Hunt, 
Surveyor. Situated on the Toledo, Peoria & 
Western Railroad, it is a lively business vil- 
lage, its principal stores being substantially 
built of brick and carrying large stocks of mer- 
chandise. Following is a business director}' 
of the firms and business houses of Blandins- 



CO 




HISTORY OF .McDOXOLX.H COL'XTV. 



679 



ville: C. A. Roberts, millinery: C. R. Huston, 
lumber dealer; W. L. Bennett, C. L. Welsh & 
Company, Webb & Son, H. E. Shryack, dry 
soods; K. E. Voorhees. hardware and imple- 
ments: M. E. Marston. J. J. Voorhees, livery; 
William Phillips, blacksmith; Huston Bankins 
Company, Grigsby Bros. & Company, bankers: 
Edwards Bros., hardware; J. C. Bishop. J. H. 
Fowler, John O. Oakman, D. .1. Curran, grocer- 
ies: Al. B. Pond. Huston Drug Company, drugs; 
C. L. Spielman & Sons, furniture; W. H. Yates, 
,1. B. Beeley, Jewelry; J. B. Finley, bakery; E. 
C. McCartney, James Markland, harness: Wil- 
liam B. Daniels, John Gibbs. Jacobs & Sons, 
restaurants: Craig & Ray, meat market; Au- 
gustus Webb, millinery and notions; W. A. 
Grigsby. Hicks & Coffman, clothing: Davis 
Brothers. Theodore Squires, barbers; Ballon & 
Wright, flour mill and electric lighting; F. B. 
Sharpe & Co., grain and live stock; and C. W. 
Carroll, grain. 

In addition to the above business firms and 
establishments, there are Masonic and Royal 
.\rch Lodges. Inde|)endent Order of Odd Fel- 
lows. Ancient Order of United Workmen, Mod- 
ern Woodmen of America: three churches — 
Methodist, Baptist and Christian; an opera 
house; two hotels and an elevator. The town 
supports one newspaper and is governed by a 
Board of Trustees. 

Blandinsville is fourteen miles northwest of 
Macomb. Considerable wealth is in the hands 
of its citizens, and the farming community 
within business range is unusually prosperous. 
The population in 1900 was 99.^. but has since 
increased. 

Vii.t..\(:K OK New Phii.adki.imii.v. — The village 
was laid out by the proprietor, Lloyd Thomas, 
and platted October 21. 1858. by Samuel A. 
Hunt. Surs-eyor. It is situated on the south 
half of Section 23, ti X.. 1 W., and is a station 
of the Toledo, Peoria & Western Railroad. Be- 
ing surrounded by fine, arable praJrie land, 
cultivated by wealthy owners, it is a good 
shipping point for grain, but the village itself 
never improved much after the first year or 
two of its organization. It has an excellent 
elevator, a hardware and agricultural ware- 
house and several general stores. 



Vili..\<;k ok Tk.vxkssk.k. — Its site if a part of 
the northeast quarter and the northwest quar- 
ter of Section 22, 6 N. 4 W., and is lo- 
cated on the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy 
Railroad. The village was laid out by Thomas 
K. Waddill, Joseph B. Bacon and Steven Cock- 
erhani, being platted by W. H. Hill, Surveyor, 
on the 5th of April, 1S54. Its incorporation 
dates from November 25, 1872. The town has 
tour general stores, one hotel, a blacksmith 
shop, two churches, an excellent public hall, 
and Masonic and Odd Fellows lodges. While 
not increasing in size, it does a good business. 
An important industry, which is growing 
rapidly, is the shipping of clay. i)rincipally to 
the Western Pottery Company of Macomb and 
Monmouth, which owns most of the banks. The 
country surrounding the village of Tennessee 
is fine prairie land, intermixed with consider- 
able timber about one mile south of Crooked 
Creek. Population according to the census of 
1900 was 327. 

Vii.l.\<;k of C()I..m.\r. — Situateu on the south- 
east quarter of Section 7, 4 N., 4 W., on the 
Chicago, Burlington & Quincy Railroad, the vil- 
lage was laid out by its proprietor, William 
Graves, and surveyed and platted by Charles 
A. Gilchrist. It has a general store, a black- 
smith shop, restaurant and elevator. For a 
place of its size, business is good, but station- 
ary. 

Dkki^nct Vii.l.vge.s. — At the early settlement 
of the county several villages were organized in 
what were then the largest centers of popula- 
tion; but, after an ephemeral existence, they 
went back to the farm and were heard of no 
more. The most noticeable of these defunct 
villages were the following: 

Sewardsville. once situated on the northwest 
quarter of Section 25, 4 N., R. 2 W., was laid 
out by William Seward, its pr6prietor, and 
platted by O. F. L. Martin, Surveyor. It was 
at one time quite a prominent voting precinct, 
but is now a corn-field. 

The village of Grant, situated on the south- 
east quarter of Section 2:5. C .\'., R. 1 W.. was laid 
out by its owner, James H. Langford, and plat- 
ted by S. S. Hunt, Surveyor, February 13, 1869. 



68o 



HISTCJRY (JF AlcDOXOUGH COU.XTY. 



J. H. and p. B. Wilson platted a town In 1S68, 
and called it Grant. When New Philadelphia 
was platted the postoffice was moved to that 
place and named accordingly. There is noth- 
ing now on the site of the old town of Grant to 
indicate that a settlement ever stood there. 

The village of Middletown, located on the 
northeast quarter of Section 5 and part of the 
southeast quarter of Section 32, 4 N., 3 W., 
was laid out by James Edmonston and John 
Patrick, and surveyed and platted by Charles 
W. Bacon, on the 21st of Marcn, 1837. At one 
time this was one of the largest villages in 
the county, and situated in its most densely 
settled tract — being also one of its heaviest 
voting ijrecincts: but on the completion of the 
Northern Cross Railroad it rapidly decayed. 
Some of its dwellings, together with several 
of its merchants, became a part of Colchester, 
and the place is now a little settlement, whose 
postofBce is Pandon. Otherwise, it consists 
of a general store, a blacksmith shop, a bar- 
ber shop, a restaurant, a few dwellings and two 
churches. 

As before stated, these villages have become 
defunct, and passed from the stage of history. 
Their projectors thought they would grow and 
become permanent, but the world progressed 
in a direction which they had not anticipated, 
and both they and their villages have passed 
away. 

McDoxoi-cii CoiWTY Po.sTOFi-icEs. — In 1900 
there were twenty-one postoffices in McDon- 
ough County, including, in addition to the 
towns and villages named in this chapter. 
Siesta, Sorghum and Vishnue. By the extension 
of the rural delivery system, this number was 
reduced in 1906 to sixteen, as follows: Adair. 
Bardolph, Blandinsville. Bushnell, Colchester. 
Colmar, Fandon, Good Hope, Industry, Macomb, 
Xew Philadelphia. Prairie City. Sciota. Scotts- 
burg, Tennessee, Walnut Grove. Of these all 
except Colmar and Scottsburg w^ere classed as 
money order offices. 



CHAPTER XL 



RAILROADS. 



I'RI.MrnVF. HISTORY OF RAILROAD ENTERPRISES IX 
M'nONOUCiH COUNTY — STRUGGLE TO SECURE THE 
CONSTRUCTION OF THE FIRST LINE — THE NORTH- 
ERN CROSS RAILROAD DEVELOPS INTO A PART OF 
THE CHICAGO, BURLINGTON & QUINCY SUB- 
SCRIPTION OF STOCK VOTED BY THE CITIZENS OF 
m'dONOUGH county- SOME OF THE EARLY" PRO- 
MOTERS — SOUTHERN SECTION OF THE ROAD COM- 
PLETED TO M.4.C0MB IN 1855 ITS INFLUENCE 

UPON THE LAND VALUES OTHER RAILROAD EN- 
TERPRISES — THE TOLEDO, PEORIA & WESTERN, THE 
ROCKFORD, KOCK ISLAND & ST. LOUIS AND THE 
MACOMB & WESTERN LINES, AND THE SECTIONS 
OF THE COUNTY WHICH THEY PENETRATE. 

The subject of building railroads through 
this section of the country had, for some years, 
been given much attention; but the great ma- 
jority of the early settlers had with difficulty 
been able to improve their farms, and were 
especially anxious to be free from debt. Added 
to these considerations, they had had no expe- 
rience in railroad transportation, and they were, 
therefore, but little inclined to contribute of 
their slender means to such projects. But the 
subject would not down, as Eastern capital- 
ists had their eyes on the future of the great 
rich prairies of the West, and had learned 
that efforts had been made, many years before, 
to build a railroad through this section of the 
country, but that continued hard times had 
delayed the enterprise if not almost obliterated 
the matter from the public mind. 

Railroad Campaign Started. — Under date of 
October 10, 1851, Macomb's first newspaper 
took up the subject most vigorously, in the fol- 
lowing words: 



HISTUKY Ol" .\klX).\()L(;il COL'Xl'V. 



68i 



"What Is to be done in regard to the pro- 
posed road from Quincy to Macomb, and from 
here to Galesburg? The time for stopping to 
consider the policy of such an enterprise has 
passed away; and the benefits to be derived 
from such a means of communication are held 
to be too self-evident to need any additional 
arguments advanced in their favor; for who, 
say we, cannot see in the advanced price of 
land, in the advantage of a ready market, in 
the increased facilities of communication, in 
the spread of general intelligence, in the cheap- 
er and quicker mode of transportation, a suffi- 
cient inducement to wish such an undertaking 
success, and say that its benefits are beyond 
dispute? Perhaps the fact of these truths be- 
ing so plain and undeniable has led to lethargy 
and inaction of our people. But we must 
awake from our stupor. Measures must be ta- 
ken for the securing of stock; of having the 
county become a stockholder to a liberal 
amount; of getting individuals who need only 
the solicitation of some active friend of the 
road, to become deeply interested in its com- 
pletion. Then, friends of the road, be up and 
doing! Farmers of McDonough County, your 
interests are at stake; see tnat you neglect 
them not I .Merchant and mecnanic, your wel- 
fare, too, is bound up in this scheme; with it, 
will come your prosperity — without it, you 
must lose immensely! Then again, say we, 
let us all work. Let our untiring zeal and de- 
termined efforts show that we desire what 
we need, and must have A RAILROAD." 

And this clear and true explanation of the 
needs and benefits of a railroad system was the 
subject of weekly articles, equally as vigorous 
and pointed; so that the communities, both of 
this and adjoining counties, were being edu- 
cated to the advantages of such means of trans- 
portation. 

MBETl.N'dS TO Pro.MOTE Sfn.SCKIPTIOXS OF 

Stock. — On November 5, 1851, a public meet- 
ing was held at the court house in Macomb, 
which was addressed by Hon. Calvin A. War- 
ren, of Quincy. and General Darnell, of Han- 
cock County, and which resulted in the appoint- 
ment of a committee to confer with the di- 
rectors of the railroad. At an adjourned meet- 
ing, held on the following evening, it was re- 
solved to ask the County Court to call an elec- 
tion for the purpose of giving the people of the 
5 



county an opportunity to vote on the propo- 
sition to take $.50,000 stock in the proposed 
line. Substantially the same resolution was 
adopted at a third meeting held December 1, 
1S51, and on the next day Hon. B. R. Hampton 
appeared before the County Court and present- 
ed the following resolution as an expression 
of the sense of the people: 

"Resolved, Tnat we respectfully request the 
Honorable County Court, in and for the County 
of McDonough and State of Illinois, to submit 
to the people of said county a proposition to 
vote for, or against, the County of McDonough 
taking stock to the amount of fifty thousand 
dollars in the proposed railroad from Clayton 
to Galesburg, and that they be solicited to fix 
upon the third Monday in the month of March, 
1,S52, for the iiurpose of taking said vote." 

The Court thereupon adopted the following 
order: 

"It is ordered by the Court, that the said 
proposition be submitted to the citizens of Mc- 
Donough County, as requested in said resolu- 
tion, and that the Clerk of this Court order 
an election to be held at the several election 
precincts in said county, on the third Monday 
in the month of March next, to take the vote 
of the county lor and against the county taking 
stock in said railroad to the amount of fifty 
thousand dollars; and that the Clerk issue the 
notices of said election in the time and manner 
required by law; and that said election be held 
and conducted in all respects as other general 
and special elections required by the statutes 
are conducted. It is further ordered that the 
resolutions and proceedings of said meetings 
be filed by the Clerk." 

The machinery was now set in motion, and 
the subject prosecuted with enthusiasm. A 
committee, consisting of Hon. .James Campbell, 
Dr. ,1. B. Kyle, B. R. Hampton, ,1. P. Updegraff. 
L. H. Waters and others in favor of the road, 
at once began to canvass the county, sjjeaking 
in nearly all its school houses. 

The opponents of the road — and they were 
not few — were not idle, and exerted every 
means in their power to influence the people 
against it. At a meeting in Industry, the Hon. 
Cyrus Walker, a prominent attorney, took a 
decided stand against the whole scheme. At 
other places he also endeavored to show the 
fallacies of the arguments advanced in favor of 
the railroad. .Mr. Walker remarked at a meet- 



682 



HISTORY OF .AIcDOXOUGH COUNTY. 



ing held in Macomb, that he had been informed 
by a couple of prominent merchants in the 
town that one train of cars could carry away 
all the surplus products of McDonough County 
raised in one year; or that David Rail and 
Harry Perry (two well known teamsters) could 
likewise remove all the surplus produce, carry 
it forty miles to market, and return with all 
the merchandise required by the inhabitants. 
If these facts were correct — and he thought 
they were — what use had they for a railroad? 
And much more w-as advanced in the same 
line of argument. 

The opposition was not connned to farmers 
and mechanics, but prominent merchants in- 
veighed against the railroad. Even the ques- 
tion of birthplace cut a figure. Many of the 
citizens of the county were of Southern birth, 
and hinted that the road was being manipu- 
lated by "Yankees," as all Eastern people were 
termed. Of course, they were looked upon as 
shrewd and far-seeing, and as undoubtedly this 
railroad business was an evidence of their 
keen perception of trade advantages, it ought 
to be accepted with great caution; so argued 
the opposition. 

But the committee named continued its work 
of enlightening the people throughout the coun- 
ty, answering many strange questions and the- 
ories, which, at tnis date, would seem frivolous 
and even silly; and, in spite of open unfriend- 
liness, there was no cessation of effort on the 
part of the supporters of the enterprise. As 
the day of election drew near, its friends were 
fearful of the result, realizing that the county 
. had not been thoroughly canvassed and also 
noting the increased activity of the enemies 
of the measure. It was therefore deemed wise 
to petition the County Court for a postpone- 
ment of the election. Perhaps, fortunately for 
the supporters of the enterprise, that body 
revoked its former order, on March 6, 1852, and 
postponed the election until Saturday, May 22, 
of that year. 

The battle was again commenced, and every 
household in the county was canvassed by 
both sides in the fray. The result of the elec- 
tion, as finally held, was S17 votes for, and 644 
against issuing the $.50,000 bonds as an offset 
against the stock of the Northern Cross Road. 
The result showed a determined opposition, 
but the majority was sufficient to encourage 
the friends of the measure to continue their 



campaign of education. The obstacles, how- 
ever, were not easily removed; a year passed 
after the vote, and still no road. Its friends 
were much troubled, and its enemies corre- 
spondingly elated. "I told you so," was the 
usual greeting accorded its supporters, and pre- 
dictions were freely made that the road would 
never be built. The reason for the delay, how- 
ever, was not local, but arose from the fact 
that it was difficult to convince Eastern capi- 
talists that the proposed line would be a safe, 
paying investment. 

The Hon. Nehemiah Bushnell, of Quincy, the 
President of the road, was indefatigable in his 
efforts to secure the necessary funds, but for 
some months failed to make headway. It 
therefore became necessary that McDono\igh 
County should increase its subscription of 
stock. Private citizens subscribed $52,500. 
which showed the increasing public sentiment 
in favor of the enterprise; for it should be re- 
membered that the population of the county 
was then but S.OOO and it contained compara- 
tively but little wealth. But more capital was 
absolutely necessary before building could be 
commenced, and arrangements were finally 
made with Eastern capitalists which Mr. Bush- 
nell thought more favorable; hence, on the 
29th of June, 1853, at a meeting of the Board 
of Directors of the road held in Quincy, the 
following resolution was passed: 

"Resolved, That in case McDonough County 
will, in its corporate capacity, in lieu of the 
$50,000 already voted, subscribe $75,000 to the 
capital stock of the company in bonds bearing 
eight per cent. Interest, the company will 
agree to pay, until the road is put in operation 
the whole distance from Quincy to Galesburg, 
all the interest which may accrue on said bonds 
over and above the $3,000 annual interest 
which would accrue on the bonds already vot- 
ed, so that no additional tax will be required 
in consequence of this increase of the county 
subscription; the interest thus advanced and 
paid by the company, to be hereafter refunded 
out of the surplus dividends which may be 
declared on the county stock, after providing 
for the interest thereafter accruing on the 
bonds." 

A resolution was also passed asking that an 
election for the proposed increase in stock to 
$75,000 be held, as provided by the statutes, 
and, in case the popular decision was favorable 




GEORGE W. BURPEE 



HISTORY OF McDOXOUGH COUNT V. 



683 



to the new proposition, that the former vote 
of the county subscribing tor $50,000 stociv be 
annulled. 

Again the friends of the road rallied to its 
support, and the result of the election of Au- 
gust 20, 1S53, was 1,145 in favor, and only 285 
against the proposition. This gratifying out- 
come of the second campaign was an assur- 
ance of the building of the road, which proved 
to be of incalculable benefit to the entire coun- 
ty. 



village of Walnut Grove. The townships of 
Eldorado, New Salem, Mound, Bushnell and 
Walnut Grove subscribed for $161,000 stociv, 
nearly all paid; but, of course, the stock is 
worthless, as the road for many years was not 
a paying investment. After being transferred 
to various parties, or corporations, it finally 
was purchased by the Chicago, Burlington & 
Quincy Railroad, and since coming under this 
ownership has become profitable, as part of 
its great system. 



CoMi'i.KTio.N OK riiK Railkoad. — In the fall of 
1855 the road was completed as far north as 
Macomb, and the citizens — many of whom had 
never seen a locomotive or train of cars — were 
highly gratified to find that they had suddenly 
become linked with advanced civilization. The 
line was completed to Galesburg in January. 
1S56, connections at that point being made 
with the Central Military Tract Railroad to Chi- 
cago, which subsequently became a section of 
the great Chicago, Burlington & Quincy sys- 
tem. 

The residents of McDonough County found 
that all predictions made in the preliminary 
efforts to obtain subscribers to the stock of the 
road were more than fulfilled. Land prices 
advanced at a rapid rate, and all kinds of 
produce now found a ready market; and from 
the day the first train reached Macomb its mer- 
chants and farmers received cash. All the old 
and cumbersome methods of store orders in 
exchange for products, and actual barter, were 
wiped out. 



TiiK Macomu & Wkstkkn Illinois Railroad 
was incorporated in 1903, and was in running 
order by 1904. Its line, twenty-one miles in 
length, extends from Macomb to Industry and 
Littleton, in the northern part of Schuyler 
('o\inty. William A. Compton is President and 
Ralph S. Chandler, Secretary and Treasurer. 
The road passes through some of the best 
farms and farming lands in the county, and 
has proved of great benefit to the county. 
Since its construction the price of lands has 
risen at a phenomenal rate. Its terminus, Lit- 
tleton, is in the midst of a splendid coal re- 
gion, which is being raiudly developed by 
Messrs. Chandler and Compton, the principal 
owners of the road and coal land privileges. 
The industry promises to become large and 
profitable. The village of Littleton has be- 
come quite a busy point for grain and live- 
stock shipments, as well as coal, as the road 
connects with the Chicago. Burlington & Quin- 
cy at Macomb. The town has a bank and sev- 
eral general mercantile establishments. 



TiiK Toi.KiH), Pkouia & Wkstekx Railway, 
originally chartered as the Toledo. Peoria & 
Warsaw Railroad in lSfi3, and completed across 
the State in Isfi.s, passes through the northern 
tier of townships in McDonough County, its 
stations being New Philadelphia, the city of 
Bushnell, and villages of Scottsburg, Good 
Hope. Sciota and Blandinsville. In the build- 
ing of this line, no subsidies or subscriptions 
were requested. It opened a fine portion of 
the county, and is of great benefit to the in- 
habitants of that section. 

TiiK Rockfori). Rock Isla.nd & St . Lofis 
Railroad passes along the eastern border of 
the county, running through the village of 
Adair, Jefferson Station, city of Bushnell and 



CH.M'TKK Xll. 



BANKI.XG I.NSTITUTIONS. 



LIST OF NATIONAL. .STATE AXB PRIVATE BANKS IN 
lIClMJNOfGJt COrNTY — DATE OF ORGANIZATION. 
PRESENT OFFICERS. ETC. 

There are seventeen banks in McDonough 
County, owned and conducted by her wealthiest 
and most conservative business citizens. They 



684 



HISTORY OF Mcdonough county. 



comprise two National, one State and fourteen 
private institutions, and are situated in the 
most convenient towns and villages for the 
transaction of the business of the different 
communities. Their reputation for safety and 
integrity is second to none in the State. Fol- 
lowing are the names, locations, officers and 
directors of the several banks: 

UxiON Natio.nai. Bank ok Macomb. — The of- 
ficers 01 the Union National Bank are: Pres- 
ident, Albert Eads: Vice-President, B. F. Mc- 
Lean; Cashier, J. W. Bailey; Assistant Cashier, 
L. F. Gumbart; Directors, Albert Eads, B. F. 
McLean, J. W. Bailey, W. S. Bailey and George 
W. Bailey. This bank was originally instituted 
by Dr. T. M. .Jordan, in 1858, then passed into 
the hands of M. Holland, and finally organized 
as above. Following is a report of the con- 
dition of the Union National Bank of Macomb, 
at the close of business. January 2G, 1907; 

rtE.surRCES. 

Loans am] Discounts $5fiS,444 1.5 

Overdrafts '. 7.053 SO 

U. S. Bonds 100.000 00 

Storks and Bonds 45.7!e 00 

Furniture and lixtures 3,500 00 

Redemption fund with V. S. Treas..: ». 5,000 00 

Cash and Exchange 153.353 97 

Total $8S!,144 02 

LI.\BILITIES. 

Caiiital stock $100,000 00 

Surplus fund 20.000 00 

I'udiviiled profits 11,543 72 

National liank notes outstanding 100,000 00 

Deposits 1)51 ,600 30 

Total $88:S.144 02 

Bank ok Macomb { Private. C. V. Chandler & 
Co.) — The present officers of this bank are: 
President, C. V. Chandler; Cashier, Ralph S. 
Chandler; Assistant Cashier, Frank H. Mapes. 
This bank went out of business November 30, 
1906. 

Citizens" Ba.\k, Macomb (Private, Binnie 
Bros. & Co.) — Present officers; President, 
John Binnie; Vice-President, James Binnie; 
Cashier, Elmer T. Walker. This bank was or- 
ganized January 1, 1898. 

McDo.NoUfiH County Bank. Macomb ( Pri- 
vate, J. O. Peasley & Co.) — Officers: President, 
J. O. Peasley; Cashier, George H. Scott; As- 
sistant Cashier, George M. Wells. This bank 
was organized in 1901. 



Bank of Adair (Private.) — President, M. I. 
Herndon, Jr.; Vice-President, S. A. Hendee; 
Cashier, Walter Sperling. This bank has been 
in operation for several years. 

Bank of Lnuustby (State Bank.) — President, 
Albert Eads; Vice-President, J. W. Bailey; 
Cashier, T. D. Sullivan. This bank was organ- 
ized in 1905. 

FiKST National Bank of Bushxell. — Offi- 
cers; President, M. M. Pinkley; Vice-Presi- 
dent, H. A. Kaiser; Cashier, J. M. Gale; Assist- 
ant Cashier, Charles E. Henry; Directors, T. 
J. Ball, T. K. Condit, J. M. Gale, H. A. Kaiser, 
O. M. McElvain, M. M. Pinkley, P. K. Upde- 
graff. This bank was originally established 
by J. M. Cole. 

Bank of Bushnell (Private). — Officers: 
President, E. D. C. Haines; Cashier, J. S. 
Nunemaker; Assistant Cashier, S. H. Robin- 
son. This bank has been in existence for sev- 
eral years. 

Citizens' Bank, Bushnell (Private). — Offi- 
cers: President, W. B. Heaton; Vice-President, 
Ed. Heaton; Cashier, George Heaton; Assistant 
Cashier, Bert Reach. 

Cole S.winu Bank. Busiixell (Private). — 
Officers; President, James Cole; Vice-Presi- 
dent, George Cole; Cashier, James McDill. Or- 
ganized 1905. 

Gricsby Brothers & Co. (Private Bank) 
Blandinsville. — Officers.; President, James H. 
Grigsby; Cashier. Frank W. Brooks. This 
bank was organized by William H. and S. 
Grigsby and James H. and L. McGee, in 1884, 
and is now owned by the first-named Grigsby. 

Hi'SToN BANKiNiiCoMi'ANY ( Private ), Blaudlus- 
ville. — President, John Huston; Vice-President, 
George B. Huston; Cashier, Guy Huston. This 
bank was organized several years ago. 

Bank of Colchester, (Chandler & Imes, pri- 
vate Jsank). — President, C. V. Chandler; Cash- 
ier. C. 1. Imes. This bank went into liquida- 
tion November 30. 1906. 

Bank of Rardolph (Chandler and Smith, 
private bank). — President, C. V. Chandler; 




Western Illinois State Normal School. Macomb. Built in 1902 




Carnegie Free Public Library. Macomb 



HISTORY OF McDOXOUGH COUXTV. 



68 s 



Cashier, U. G. Smith. Went out of business and 
was succeeded by Samuel Daugherty, Presi- 
dent, and U. B. Smith, Cashier. 

B.\XK OF Good Hoi'k, (Cumniings, Ward & 
Co,, private). — President, Q. C. Ward; Cash- 
ier, H. A. Allison. Organized in 1890. 

n.\M< OK Pkairik City (private banU). — 
President, A. M. Craig; Cashier, J. Waldo Wil- 
son. Originally organized by W. H. Kreider 
several years ago. 

Bank of Sciota. (Ward, Allison & Co., 
private bank). — President. Q. C. Ward; Cash- 
ier, A. Allison. Organized in 1902. 

N.iTioxAi. Bank of Colchester. — This bank 
was organized December 29, 1906. Its present 
officers are: President, Albert Eads; Vice- 
President, B. F. McLean; Cashier, Edgar R. 
McLean; Assistant Cashier. Newton Boyd; 
Bookkeeper, Laura I. McLean. 



CHAPTER XIII. 



Scarcely had a dozen families located within a 
radius of a few miles and secured indispensable 
shelter for themselves within the walls of their 
rude cabins, before efforts were being made to 
provide a school for their children. In the 
early days good schools were truly few and 
far between, and it was thought to be very 
fortunate indeed if an opportunity was offered 
for obtaining even the rudiments of a common 
school education. Any one was thought com- 
l)elent to teach school if he had a reasonable 
knowledge of the "Three Rs" — Reading, "Rlt- 
ing and 'Rithmetic — and, even with these qual- 
ifications, teachers at that time were difficult 
to obtain. Many of the scattered settlements 
could not afford to hire a teacher, and the chil- 
dren had no educational advantages other than 
what their parents could find time and oppor- 
tunity to provide. But it was observable that 
the parents of that day were extremely anxious 
that their children should not grow up in ignor- 
ance; hence it was that during the winter 
months the children who were large enough 
were sent to school two to five miles distant. 
Morning and evening, they would trudge all 
that distance, taking the dinners with them 
which their affectionate mothers prepared, and 
during recess a regular picnic was held, the 
substantial meal being fully appreciated. 



EDUCATION— SCHOOLS AND LIBRARIES. 



EARLY SCHOOLS IX M DOXOUOH COUXTY — SCAR- 
CITY OF COMPETENT TEACHERS — DAYS OF THE LO(i 
.SCHOOL HOUSE AND THE PIONEER TEACHER — 
EAKLV TEXT BOOKS — A TEACHER'S CONTRACT — 

HE(;iNNiX(; of the free .sciiooi. .system — fir.st 

MACOMll SCHOOL — PIULIC SCHOOLS BY TOWN- 
SHIPS AND DI.STRICTS MACOMB AND BUSHNELL 

CITY SCHOOLS ATTEMPTS TO FOUND HUIHER 

IXSTITUTIOXS — M'DOXOrOH COLLEGE, XORMAL 
AND SCIENTIFIC SCHOOLS. AND .MACOMB FEMALE 
SEMINARY — WESTERN ILLINOIS .STATE NORMAL 
SCHOOL — PRESENT BOARD OF TRUSTEES AND 
TEACHINO FACULTY — SUNDAY SCHOOL STATIS- 
TICS — LIBRARIES — REMINISCENCES OF AX EARLY 
TEACHER. 

Schools for children engaged the active at- 
tention of the early settlers of the county. 



The Loo School Hoise and the Teacher. — 
The school house was a log cabin, with one 
window at the side and a fireplace at the op- 
posite end from the door entrance. The furni- 
ture was of primitive style, the heavy seats 
constructed of sawed slabs or split puncheons, 
while there were a rough desk and a stool for 
the teacher, with a plentiful supply of hazel 
switches in full view. The latter sometimes 
had a wholesome effect on the children, who 
knew full well that in them were the elements 
of corporal punishment or correction. The 
teacher usually sat before the fireplace, facing 
the scholars, and could, at a glance, see what 
was transjjiring among his pupils. Books were 
few, consisting chiefly of the "blue spelling- 
book" — "Webster's Elementary Speller" being 
then universally used — with one or two "Eng- 
lish Readers." Kirkham's Grammar and Pike's, 
Smith's or Ray's Arithmetic, these constituting 
the sum total of the fountain of knowledge 
from which to fill the minds of these sturdy, 



686 



HISTORY OF .McDOXOUGH COUNTY. 



healthful pupils. From these may be ' judged 
the sources from which were drawn the ele- 
ments which, under adverse circumstances, 
developed some of the foremost men of the 
nation, such as Lincoln, Garfield and others, 
who entered upon their intellectual life through 
this modest curriculum. The walls of the old- 
time school-room were not decorated with beau- 
tiful maps— geographical, scientific and hy- 
gienic: nor did artistic and massive globes 
stand upon the floor, representing in detail 
all the lands and seas of the universe; neither 
was there an abundance of text-books, filled 
with up-to-date information and covering the 
broad fields of literature, science and art. This 
was before the days of photography, and mark 
the contrast between the artistic conditions of 
then and now. On the walls of the log school- 
house, where space would permit, some youth- 
ful Hogarth would scrawl a likeness of the 
teacher; or. as was often the case, he would 
try to transfer to high rough canvas— the 
whitewashed logs— the pretty features of some 
little Venus with whom he was in love. Be- 
sides maps and works of art, the modern walls 
were often decorated with beautiful specimens 
of penmanship for the children to copy; in 
those days teachers were often employed who 
could scarcely write their own names intel- 
ligibly. 

Contract Between Te.\cher and Parents.— 
A good illustration of the difference between 
the primitive and modern methods of education 
is afforded in the following agreement, made 
between John G. Woodside and the patrons 
of his school, the original being in possession 
of his son, William L. Woodside: 

•'Articles of Agreement, made and entered 
into this first day of April, one thousand eight 
hundred and thirty-five, by and between John 
G. Woodside of the first part, and the under- 
signed, of the other part, both of McDonough 
County and State of Illinois: 

"I, the above named Woodside, do agree to 
teach a school in the school house near Levi 
Parents for the term of six months, five days 
In each week, or time to that amount. I do 
agree to teach spelling, reading, writing and 
arithmetic to the best of my skill and judg- 
ment. I also bind myself to keep good order, 
and pay strict attention to my school. 



"And we, the undersigned, do promise to 
pay the said Woodside for his services one 
dollar per scholar in money, and three dollars 
in good merchantable wheat, pork, wool, linen, 
linsey. flax, or work at the market price in this 
neighborhood, to be delivered at said Wood- 
side's house — the pork to be paid at the usual 
time of killing, the money part, or other arti- 
cles, to be paid at the expiration of the school. 

"And we, the subscribers, do bind ourselves 
to fix the school-house in a comfortable man- 
ner, school to commence the first of May. or 
sooner if subscribers want it. 

"I, the said Woodside, will begin with twenty 
scholars, and any larger scholar, or scholars, 
who will not submit themselves to the rules 
of said school, shall be expelled from said 
school ; and it is understood that said Wood- 
side is to have the liberty of teaching his own 
children. 

"If either of the parties should become dis- 
satisfied the school can be discontinued at the 
end of three months by the teacher, or a ma- 
jority of the subscribers, either party giving 
two weeks' notice." 

This agreement shows the primitive meth- 
ods adopted in the early settlement of this 
wescern country, and, at the same time, bears 
v.'jiness to the earnest desire of parents to 
have their children educated in some measure. 
An analysis of the environments and opportu- 
nities of the settlers of seventy-five years ago 
must bring one to the conclusion that they 
were earnest, common-sense, patriotic citizens, 
and builded much better than they dreamed of. 

CoMlIENCE.MENT OF PVBLIC SCHOOL SYSTEM. — 

Remember that the public school system, 
though long projected, was not an actual reali- 
zation until 1S55, when by law taxes could 
be levied for free-school purposes. By laws 
enacted in the latter part of the eighteenth 
century, and applying to the region northwest 
of the Ohio River, of which Illinois formed a 
part, the sixteenth section of every township 
was dedicated and set apart to be used for 
school purposes; but, there being little demand 
for land at that time and the government price 
of $1.25 per acre being all that could be real- 
ized from its sale, the income to be derived 
from that source was small. Hence, subscrip- 
tion schools had to be relied upon for many 



HISTORY ()l- .McDoXoLCH O )r.\TY. 



687 



years. The appropiiation, by the L'nited States, 
of the sixteenth section was wise legislation, 
and had each county kept the land, which 
could not be taxed, it would now be realizing 
a vast income. McDonough County had sixteen 
» sections, or U),24<i acres, which, at the 
present average i)rice of JKiO per acre, would 
amount to ?l,()24,O0O; and this, with interest -ii 
four per cent., would more than pay the entire 
county taxes each year. Of course, the future 
of this country had not entered into the mind 
of the most extravagant dreamer, and the ne- 
cessities of the early settlers were such that 
the lands had to be sold and the proceeds or 
interest thereon applied to school purposes. 

The first school in Macomb, if not in Mc- 
Donough County, which received support from 
the public treasury, was in operation in 1837, 
and was taught by Miss Ellen Overton, who. for 
more than forty years, continued in that pro- 
fession. From this time forward the people 
began to avail themselves of the privilege of 
the school law, and for the past forty years 
rapid progress has been made in all branches 
of public education. 

Ptblic Schools ok Prese.nt. Day. — Pultlic 
schools, as now organized in McDon- 
ough County, are distributed in districts, vary- 
ing in number from six to eleven in each of 
the several townships, the average number be- 
ing nine. They are generally numbered con- 
secutively, the exceptions being several Union 
Districts and the District of Good Hope ( (for- 
merly No. 9) in Sciota Township. 

Ei.uoi{.vDo Tow.NsiiiP (4 N.. 1 W. ) — This being 
a wealthy townshij). its schools and school 
houses are equal to any in the county. It con- 
tains nine school buildings, all frame. 

In District No. 1 the school house stands 
upon the northeast corner of Section 11, and 
is valued at $700. I'ntil 1S72 the district was 
two miles and a half long, north and south; 
in that year Districts Nos. 1 and were di- 
vided, forming 1, 6 and 7. The first school 
house in District No. 2 was built in 1865, at a 
cost of about $400. In 1884 it was rebuilt for 
$350, and is now an average school building. 
District No. 3 school-house stands on the south- 
west corner of Section 5. and is worth about 
$400. The building for District No. 4 is lo- 
cated on the northeast corner of Section 13. 



On the northwest corner of Section 22 is the 
school-house of District No. 5 — a good frame 
building erected in 18G9, at a cost of $1,500, 
and now valued at $1,000. It is 24x30 feet, 
and is familiarly known as old "sixteen." Dis- 
trict No. (J has a school-house on the south- 
east corner of Section 14. erected in 1872, at 
a cost of $800. The building for District No. 
7 is located on the northwest corner of Sec- 
tion 3(1 and was erected in 1875, costing $700. 
On the southwest quarter of Section 37 is the 
school-house of No. 8 (cost $250). The build- 
ing for District No. 9 was erected in 1S75. at 
a cost of $750. 

Five of the districts in Eldorado Township 
have school libraries, numbering a total of 126 
volumes, of which 61 were bought in 1905. 
The salary paid female teachers for that year 
was $1,250 and for male teachers $1,655. The 
total amount received for school purposes dur- 
ing the year was $5,159.35, and the total of 
school assets of the township, in cash, notes 
and increased value of property, was $2,360.95. 
The number of females of school age ( 6 to 21 
years) was ^50. and of males, 347. 

Nkw S.m.k.m Tow-NMiii' (5 N.. 1 W. ). — This 
township contains ten school buildings, all 
frame. Eight of the districts have school li- 
l)raiies which contain a total number of 628 
volumes, of which 75 volumes were purchased 
during 1905. There are 358 females and 391 
males of school age (6 to 21 years) in the 
township, of whom 70 are enrolled in the 
graded schools. The salaries paid teachers ag- 
gregate $2,255.55 to female teachers, and $1, 
352 to male teachers. There are two male 
teachers and one female instructor in the 
graded school, and five male and six female 
teachers in the ungraded schools of the town- 
ship. 

The first school-house was erected in New 
Salem Township in 1849, on the nortnwest cor- 
ner of Section 36, its site being on the farm 
of .Joseph Lownes. In 1846 the township was 
divided into three school districts, equally di- 
vided north and south. In 1852 the west half 
was divided into two districts, and in 1857. by 
an entirely new subdivision, nine districts were 
created in the township, each two miles square. 
The old school-houses were sold. For the ac- 
commodation of District No. 2 an old school 



688 



HISTORY OF xMcDOX(JL'GH COUNTY. 



building was moved to its present site in 1S58. 
It served its purpose until 1870, when a new 
structure was erected on the southeast cor- 
ner of Section 4. at a cost of 1.450. About 1855 
a log house was moved from Fulton County 
and placed on the northeast corner of Section 
22, in District No. 5. The school building for 
District No. 7 stands on the southwest cor- 
ner of Section 25 — a small frame building cost- 
ing about $750. The old school-house of Dis- 
trict No. 9, which is on the southeast corner 
of Section 30. was built in 1S59. 

Mouxu Tow.NSHip (G N., 1 W.). — In this 
township are two brick and eight frame school 
buildings, and 209 volumes in the district li- 
braries. The school population comprises 321 
males and 251 females. In the district schools 
are three male and eight female teachers, the 
salaries of the former amounting to $940 an- 
nually, and of the latter, to $1,750. 

District No. 2 was organized in ISGl. Pre- 
vious to that date the schools of the township 
were incorporated with those of Bardolph. A 
building was erected tor the new district in 
1SC2, at a cost of $350. The district was then 
divided. (For details see Macomb Township.) 
District No. 3 was organized in 1854, school 
being held in a small house until 1864, when 
the present building was erected at a cost of 
$481. During the same year the district was 
divided. Prior to 1855 the school for No. 4 
was held in the dwelling house of E. Dyer; 
but in that year a frame school-house was built 
costing $325. The present building, which was 
erected in 1869, cost $1.20(1. and is located on 
Section 22. District No. school-house was 
erected on the northeast corner of Section 33, 
In 1856, and was enlarged in 1877. The build- 
ing for No. 7 was moved from New Philadel- 
phia district to its present location (southeast 
corner of Section 25) in 1863. District No. 8 
was organized in 1860, and its school-house lo- 
cated on Section 2 cost $600. In 1869 school in 
District No. 9 was first taught in a dwelling 
house on Section 10, near the site of the pres- 
ent building, erected in 1864 at a cost of $S00. 

BUSHXELL AND Pbaikie Ctty Towx.siiips (7 
N.. 1 W. ) .— Bushnell and Prairie City consti- 
tute parts of the same congressional township, 
the former embracing the southern half of the 
township and the latter the northern half; but, 
although having a separate political organiza- 



tion, the school statistics for the two townships 
are kept and reported by the Superintendent 
of Schools under one general head. . From this 
report, it appears that there are two brick and 
five frame school-houses, besides one private 
school, in the Bushnell half, while three of the' 
public schools have libraries containing a total 
of 435 volumes. There are 886 males and 899 
females of school age in Bushnell Township, 
and tnree male and nineteen female teachers of 
the different grades — the former receiving $2.- 
140 and the latter $6,646 in salaries. In Dis- 
trict No. 1 (Bushnell Township) the school- 
house is located on the southeast corner of 
Section 26 and cost $350. District No. 2 was 
organized in 1869, and has a building, erected 
in 1870, costing $700, and the school-house 
in District No. 3. erected on Section 28 in 1S64, 
cost the same sum. 

The Prairie City (or north) half of the 
township has five frame school-houses (one 
district having a library of 400 volumes), and 
S61 population of school age — 456 males and 405 
females. There are thVee male and five fe- 
male teachers receiving $2,542 in salaries. The 
school building in District No. 4, on the north- 
east corner of Section 19, was erected in 1875. 
at a cost of iil,055; District No. 5 was organ- 
ized in 1867, its building destroyed by fire 
and the one in present use erected in 1875. The 
school-house for District No. 6 is located on the 
northeast corner of Section 24. 

IxDf.STRY Township (4 N., 2 W. ). — In In- 
dustry Township there are one brick and seven 
frame school-houses, and two of the districts 
have libraries containing 325 volumes. Those 
of school age number 608 males and 557 fe- 
males, and three male and seven female teach- 
ers are employed, their salaries aggregating 
$3,390. 

The school building in District No. 1, com- 
l)rising the village of Industry, originally cost 
$2,0(10, but has since been improved and en- 
larged several times. In District No. 2 the 
Blazer School was erected in 1S5S, at a cost 
of $500. District No. 3 was organized in 1S6G, 
and the Runkle School, erected during that 
year, on Section 28, cost $700. In District No. 
4 the Pleasant Grove school-house was erected 
in 1858 on the southwest ciuarter of Section 
22, costing $610. The site included one acre 
of land. The school-house of District No. 5 



i 








tlLl.^iii 






P -/! 




i 


r^arre i 


> miaRnvat ifsiPSfi 



Logan School. Macomb 




Grant School, MacDmb 





Douglas School, Macomb 



Lincoln School, Macomb 





High School, Bushnell 



West-side School, Bushnell 



HISTORY OF McDOXOUGH COlXTV. 



689 



was built on Section 17 in ISSl, at a cost of 
$700. The grounds comprise one acre of land. 
District Xo. 6 building was erected on Section 
9. in 1S59. and cost $400. The school-house 
of District No. 7 is situated on the northwest 
corner of Section 12, the site embracing one- 
fourth of an acre and its cost being $300. Or- 
ganized in 1864, District No. 8 has a good 
building on the southeast corner of Section 30, 
erected at a cost of $1.4on. 

ScoTi.AM) Township (.5 N., 2 W. ). — Scotland 
Township is one of the best in the county, 
every acre of its thirty-six sections of land 
being available for cultivation, and the owners 
of its farms among the wealthiest in this sec- 
tion. The farms are well improved, with ele- 
gant residences and capacious barns, and the 
settlers noted for their industry and thrift. 
The township received its name because of the 
large percentage of Scotch people who settled 
there, and, like others of that nationality, in 
whatever part of the world they are found, 
their schools are objects of their special care. 
The township has nine frame school-houses, 
fully equipped, two of them being provided 
with good libraries. Of its ten teachers, three 
are males and seven females, their salaries ag- 
gregating $2,343. 

District No. 1 was organized April 21, 1856, 
and a small frame building was first erected 
for the accommodation of its few scholars. In 
1874 a substantial new building was put up on 
Section 1. at a cost of $1,469, The first school 
building for District No. 2 was a small log 
house, known as Mount Nebo School, but in 
1857 an excellent frame structure was erected 
on Section 4, its cost being $1,500. District 
No. 3 has a building on Section 6. erected at 
a cost of $600. District No. 4 school-house 
stands on the northwest corner of Section 20; 
a new building was erected in 1883 at a cost 
of $900. The Centrepoint School (District No. 
5) is located on the southeast corner of Sec- 
tion 16. Adjoining the building is a very fine 
Presbyterian church, erected by the same con- 
gregation that originally worshiped in the old 
church on the edge of the timber adjoining the 
Clark farm. The first religious structure was 
built in the early "forties, on what is known 
as the Robert Roberts farm. In 1857 District 
No. 6 was organized and its building erected 
on Section 13, at a cost of $700. In 1882 a new 



building was erected on the site of the old one, 
costing $1,000. The school-house in District 
No. 7 is located on the southeast corner of 
Section 26 and cost $500. District No. 8 has 
a building on the northeast corner of Section 
33, repaired and remodeled in 1883, and cost- 
ing $800. District No. 9 was organized in 
1847, and a new building was erected in 1863 
on the southeast corner of Section 29. 

.Maco.mi! Towx.siiip (6 N., 2 W.). — This is a 
wealthy and thickly settled township, with 
eight frame school buildings, of which four 
have libraries, containing 294 volumes. Within 
the township are 850 persons of school age — 
451 males and 439 females — and of its thirteen 
teachers, two are male and eleven female. The 
total amount i)aid in salaries to teachers was 
$3,150. 

District No. 1 was organized in 1866, and in 
th^ same year the school-house was moved 
from District No. 2 to its present location, the 
northwest quarter of Section 12. In the same 
year District No. 2 had a school-house put up 
on the northeast quarter of Section 10, at a 
cost of $l.oso. In 1865 District No. 7 was di- 
vided into Nos. 1 and 7, and in 1867 No. 7 
was changed to No. 2. District No. 4 was or- 
ganized by a consolidation •f Nos. 3 and 8, 
and in 1868 a school-house was built on Section 
16, costing $375. District No. 5 is composed 
of portions of .Macomb and Emmet Townships, 
and has two buildings — one located on Section 
1, Emmet Township, and the other on Section 
IS. Macomb Township, — both being erected in 
1856 at a cost of $840 each. Previous to this, 
school was held in a log house on the Patrick 
Laughlin place. The school-house of District 
No. 6 is situated on the southwest quarter of 
Section 23, the house being built at the time of 
the organization of the district, in 1855. In 
1866 the old school-house was replaced by a new 
building erected at a cost of $1,650. on land do- 
nated by Benjamin Randolph. District 
No. 7 was organized several years ago. but as 
early as 1S60 a good frame school-housfv was 
erected in Bardolph. The building now being 
used in that town for school purposes was 
commenced in August, 1874, and accepted by 
the board December 7, 1874. It is a good 
two-story frame building, with four rooms, 
and cost, completed and furnished. $4,500. The 
present building in District No. S was erected 



690 



HISTORY (JF AIcDOXOUGH COUNTY. 



in the summer of lf<77. and is provided witli 
all modern educational conveniences. It is 
linown as the Wiley School House, is located 
on the northeast corner of Section 34, and its 
cost was $1,300. The former school-house, built 
on the same site in 1803 (cost $731), was sold 
and removed in 1S77. District No. 9 was or- 
ganized in 1S63, and the building on Section 29 
was erected the same j-ear at a cost of $470. 
(The schools of the city of Macomb are men- 
tioned later on in this chapter.) 

W.\L.\UT Grove Tow.x.siiii' (7 N., 2 W.).— The 
townshi]) named consists of some of the best 
land and most substantial farms in the county, 
every acre being cultivated or made valuable 
by the most modern improvements known to 
agriculture. The educational facilities com- 
prise one brick and seven frame buildings. In 
the township are 281 males and 251 females of 
school age, and its four male and eleven female 
teachers draw salaries aggregating $2,415 an- 
nually. 

The building for District known as Xo. 1 was 
moved to its present location (northwest cor- 
ner of Section 12) in 1863. In the same year 
District No. 2 was organized, and in 1864 a 
building costing $200 was erected on the south- 
east corner of Section 4. District No. 3 was 
also organized in 1863, and in the following 
year a school-house was built on the northeast 
corner of Section 7 at a cost of $250. In Au- 
gust, 1863, District No. 4 was organized, and 
a house costing $351 was erected on the north- 
east corner of Section 19. in 1873 being moved 
to its present location on Section 18. In 1863 
buildings costing $500 each were also erected 
in Districts Nos. 5 and 6, the house for the 
latter district being on the northwest corner 
of Section 24. The school-house for District 
No. 7, located on Section 26, was built in 1872. 
District No. 8 was formed by a union of No. 
3, of Macomb, and No. 8. of Walnut Grove 
Townships, its school-house (costing $500) be- 
ing situated on the southwest quarter of Sec- 
tion 32. District No. 9 has an excellent brick 
building situated on Section 9. erected in 1861 
at a cost of $400. 

Bethel Township (4 N., 3 W.).— The esti- 
mated value of school property in Bethel Town- 
ship is nearly $6,000, and the wages paid male 
teachers range from $25 to $47.50 per month. 



There are seven school-houses in the township, 
six of which are frame structures and one of 
brick. The enrolled pupils in the several 
schools aggregate over 300, and the population 
of school age over 600. The first school build- 
ing — a log house 12 by 15 feet — was erectea 
on Section 30 and used for school and church 
purposes, a school being taught there in 1S36. 
District No. 3 was organized in 1845, and a 
log house (18 by 18 feet) erected on Section 
29; this building being used until 1879, when 
the present one was erected on the southwest 
corner of Section 21 at a cost of $700. In 1840 
the first school-house in District No. 4 was 
erected on Section 22, was moved in 1859 to 
Section 14, and two years later gave place to 
the frame building (24 by 36 feet) now in use, 
erected on the same site at a cost of $1,400. 
Mount Zion School-house (District No. 5) is 
located on Section 33, to which it was removed 
from Section 34 in 1874. The building (22 by 
30 feet) is located on a lot containing one-half 
acre. This is a Union District, a part of 
which lies in Schuyler County. The school- 
house for District No. 6 is situated on Section 
25, and is known as the Victor School-house. 
It was erected in 1875 at a cost of $800. West 
Bethel School is located on the southeast corner 
of Section 8. on a site embracing one acre of 
ground. The first building (20 by 26 feet) 
was erected here in 1862, costing $200. In 1873, 
the present building (26 by 36 feet) was erected 
on the same site at a cost of $1,200, and is now 
in a fairly good condition. 

The'township originally consisted almost en- 
tirely of timber lands, but now contains many 
good farms owned by thrifty and enterprising 
farmers. Water is abundant and stone and 
coal underlie the surface, which will, in time, 
add greatly to its wealth. Improved farm- 
lands command high prices and sales are not 
frequent. 

Ch.\i..mers Township (5 N.. 3 W.). — This 
township is largely timber, and is not as 
thickly settled as the prairie townships, but 
contains many well-to-do, even wealthy, farm- 
ers, who have made substantial improvements. 
One brick and seven frame school-houses pro- 
vide educational accommodations, and three 
male and seven female teachers, whose sal- 
aries total $1,859, are the agents of the pub- 
lic school system. Throughout the township 



HISTORY OF M. 1)( ).\( )l(;n C( )r\ TV. 



6yi 



there are 5ti9 males and 387 females of school 
age. 

The school building of District No. 1 is sit- 
uated on the southeast quarter of Section 1, 
and that of No. :! on the northwest quarter 
of Section S. In ISO? a brick school-house, 
costing 1900, was built on Section 17 tor the 
use of pupils in District No. 4, those who were 
educated at the public school for a decade pre- 
vious to that year obtaining their instruction 
in a small log cabin erected in 1857. School 
houses for Districts Nos. 5 and 6 stand on 
the northwest corner of Section 22, and the 
northeast corner of the northwest quarter of 
Section 14, respectively. The building pro- 
vided for District No. 7, at a cost of $500, is 
located on Section 25. District No. 8 has a 
good frame building, which until 1866 was 
used as a business house in Middletown, but. 
upon the organization of the district in April 
of that year, it was purchased for $600 and 
removed to its present location on Section :!l{. 
The school-houses for the various Union dis- 
tricts are situated as follows: No. 1, in Bethel 
Township. Section 1; No. 6, in the town of 
Colchester; No. 8, on Section 19, and No. 12, 
in Fandon, formerly Middletown. 

Eai-mkt T(iw.\snii> (G N., 3 W.). — More than 
half of the township consists of timber land, 
fairly well settled. The prairie land is all 
arable and in a high state of cultivation, car- 
rying good improvements. For school pur- 
poses, there are nine frame buildings, with 
three district libraries containing SI volumes. 
In the township are 433 males and 407 
females of school age, with seven male and 
six female teachers, whose combined salaries 
Sre $2,529. 

In 1836 the first school was held in Tnion 
District No. 1, the building in which the few 
scholars assembled being a rude log cabin. In 
1S40 a new log house was built on Section 10, 
near the location of the present building. In 
1854, during a season of turbulence between 
parents and teacher, the house was razed, and 
soon afterw'ard the present structure was erect- 
ed at a cost of $500. The pupils in District 
No. 2 first received instruction in a log house 
which was built in 1S41, situated about forty 
rods north of the present building. The school 
house now occupied was erected in 1864 and 
cost $600. District No. 2 has a most excellent 



building on Section 29, valued at $700. The 
school-house for District No. 4 is a mile and 
a half west of Macomb, on Section 35. District 
.\o. 5 provided a school-house in 1S.t(!, at a cost 
of $840. It is situated on Section 1. District 
.\o. 6 was organized in 1866, and in the same 
year erected its present house at a cost of $800. 
The building for No. 7, southwest corner of 
Section 13, cost $550, and dates from 1870. Dis- 
trict No. 8 was formed by the division of No. 
7, and its school-house, on Section 22, was built 
in 1S77 and cost $350. 

S(ii)rA Township (7 N., 3 W. ) . — This town- 
ship consists of most excellent prairie land, is 
thickly settled, and the agricultural improve- 
ments are all modern and valuable. There 
are eight school buildings in the township, 
which has a school population of 332 males 
and 318 females. Its three male and seven fe- 
male teachers receive salaries which aggregate 
$2,265. 

Previous to the organization of District No. 
1, school was held in a building south of the 
present location. The building was in what 
was then known as District No. 5. In 1871 the 
district was divided into Nos. 1 and 6. The 
school-house now occupied is situated on Sec- 
tion 11. The house in District No. 2 was erect- 
ed in 1868 at a cost of $450, and stands on the 
southeast corner of Section 4. During the same 
year a school building for No. 3 was moved to 
its present location, northeast corner of Sec- 
tion 8, District No. 2 having been divided, in 
1868. into Nos. 3 and 4. District .\o. 4 was 
organized in 1867. and for its accommodation a 
house was built in that year costing $450. In 
1858 District No. 5 was orgajiized and a build- 
ing erected on Section 22, at a cost of $450. 
The school building for No. 6, situated on the 
southeast corner of Section 14. was erected in 
1S72, and is valued at $1,500. The school build- 
ing known as District No. 10 is in the villa.ge 
of Sciota. and dates from 1872. Its cost was 
$1,200. The structure occupied formerly by 
the pupils of District No. 9 was situated on 
the southwest corner of Section 30, the date 
of its erection being 1861. When the district 
was changed to Good Hope, in 1874, the school 
was moved to that town, and the old building 
has since given place to a large and excellent 
structure. 



692 



HISTORY OF Mcdonough county. 



Lajioixe Township (4 N., 4 W.). — As this 
township is nearly all timber land, it is not 
thickly settled; yet the arable area is in a 
high state of cultivation with good improve- 
ments. Of the eight school-houses, four have 
libraries. In the township are 369 males and 
364 females of school age, and five male and 
seven female teachers, with salaries aggregat- 
ing 12,200. 

In 1844 the first school in the township was 
taught on the .1. D. Tabler farm, but the build- 
ing was long ago destroyed by fire. The pres- 
ent school-house of District No. 1 was erected 
in 1871, on the northwest quarter of Section S. 
District No. 2 building, located on the north- 
west corner of Section 11, was put up in 1S62, 
and two years later District No. 3 erected a 
school-house on the line between Sections 29 
and 30. The building for No. 4 on Section 2S 
was erected in 1S72. A log house on Section 
36, buUt prior to 1841, replaced by a frame 
structure in 1858 and rebuilt in 1880, provided 
educational accommodations for District No. 5. 
The school-house of District No. 6, on the east 
half of Section 15, was built in 1870. 

Tennessee Township (5 N.. 4 W. ). — About 
equally divided between timber and prairie 
lands, this township is quite well settled. In 
it are three brick and nine frame school build- 
ings, ten of which contain libraries aggregat- 
ing 266 volumes. The school population is di- 
vided between 1,161 males and 1,094 females, 
and the twenty-nine teachers draw salaries 
amounting to $6,227. 

District No. 1 has two school-houses — one 
situated in Hillsgrove and the other on Section 
20; cost. $600. No. 2, situated on Section 26, 
was erected in 1869 and is valued at $50(1. The 
building for District No. 3 Is on Section 10 
and cost $400. For some years previous to 1856 
a school was taught on the northern part of 
Section 5 (District No. 4); the present build- 
ing, erected in 1857, is situated on the south- 
west quarter of Section 5. The substantial 
building for District No. 5, erected in 1873 at 
a cost of $7,000, is located in the village of 
Tennessee. The school-house in Colchester 
(No. 6) is an excellent brick structure, erected 
in 1870 and valued at $8,000. The buildings of 
Districts 7 and 8 are not in Tennessee Town- 
ship — one being located on Section 19, Chal- 
mers Township, and the other on Section 36, 



Hire Township. The school-house of District 
No. 9 is situated on Section IS and cost $300. 
( The report for Colchester Township, which 
originally consisted of equal parts of Chalmers 
and Tennessee Townships, is included in the 
reports for the original townships.) 

Hike Township (6 N., 4 W.). — This township 
is about two-thirds prairie and the balance 
timber, being thickly settled by substantial 
farmers. There are nine school buildings in the 
township; 332 males and 340 females of school 
age, and ten teachers with aggregate salaries 
of $2,556. 

The building of District No. 1, located on 
Section 11. was erected in 1862 at a cost of 
$400. In 1877 the school-house for No. 2 was 
built on the southwest quarter of Section 3; 
the first building (1837) was on Section 4. 
District No. 3 was organized and its school- 
house built in 1864, it being located on the 
northwest corner of Section 8. District No. 4 
was formed in 1857, and its building on Section 
17 was erected in 1873 at a cost of $1,060. No. 
5 building, located on Section 22, was removed 
to its present site in 1862; original cost, $200. 
The school-house of District No. 6. which 
stands on the northeast corner of Section 28, 
was built in 1872. District No. 7 has a building 
on the northeast quarter of Section 36, which 
is valued at $300. Organized in 1852, District 
No. 8 erected a house during the following 
year; the present building on Section 34 was 
put up in 1837, costing $1,200. In 1863 a 
school-house for District No. 9 was erected on 
Section 30. 

Blandinsville Township (7 N., 4 W.).— The 
township is about equally divided between prai- 
rie and timber lands, and in material wealth is 
third in the county. It has one brick and nine 
frame buildings, with 29 teachers whose sal- 
aries amount to $4,663. The persons of school 
age in the township number 534 males and 564 
females. 

District No. 1 school is located on the south- 
east corner of Section 2; erected in 1872 at a 
cost of $750. The building of No. 2. on the 
northeast quarter of Section 7. cost $300. Dis- 
trict No. 3 has a school-house on Section 18, 
and District No. 4 on Section 21 — the latter 
being built in 1858 for $600. No. 5, on Sec- 
tion 36, was erected in 1876 at cost of $500. 
District No. 6 Includes the town of Blandins- 




tp^^C4t^ 



^C^-^t^ 



y 



[IISTORY nv McDOXorCiH C(K'.\"TV. 



693 



ville, and its handsome school-house is worth 
$10,000. No. 7 school building is located in 
Hire Township. District No. 8 has a house on 
Section 23, and District No. 9, on Section 29, 
each costing $300. The school property in Dis- 
trict .\'o. 10 cost $300. The school-house 
in District No. 11 was moved to its present site, 
southeast corner of Section 4, in 1S64. 

M.\C()MH City Ptmnc Schools. — Grant School, 
which is situated in the First Ward between 
■lohnson and McArthur Streets, Macomb, was 
erected in 1S94. While not as artistic as some 
of the other buildings, it is convenient for 
school purposes. All grades except the fifth 
are taught here. Ida M. Bonwell is Principal; 
Winifred Comer, Nellie B. Elwell, Edna Bar- 
rett and Estella Payne, teachers. The last en- 
rollment showed 132 scholars. 

Lincoln School is in the Second Ward, on 
Calhoun between Dudley and Madison Streets. 
The original building was burned some years 
ago, and the present edifice was erected on its 
foundations, the interior of the new school be- 
ing arranged more conveniently. This is known 
as the High School, five-eighths of the building 
being occupied by graduates from the grammar 
grades and the remainder by the first four 
grades. The following compose the faculty: 
Maria F. Hazel, Principal; Laura Hazel, Teach- 
er of English; Edna E. O'Hare, Latin and Ger- 
man; Amelia Deneweth. Music and Drawing; 
Mary E. Taylor. Natural Sciences; and W. W. 
Ernest, Superintendent of City Schools. There 
are 120 students enrolled in the High School, 
and 214 in all grades. 

Logan School, in the Third Ward, is located 
between Madison and Edwards Streets. All 
the eight grades are taught by the following 
faculty: Henrietta M. Campbell, Principal; 
Anna M. Pollock, Assistant; Alice I. Black. Olga 
C. Watson. Helen M. Hoskinson, Nellie Gilmore, 
Bessie Kirkpatrick and Clara B. Cochrane, 
teachers. The total enrollment is 320. 

Douglas School is situated on the corner of 
Johnson and Washington Streets, Fourth Ward, 
and its Principal is .John O. Cowan; with 
Blanche Parks, Mary Neville, Myrtle Venard, 
Sadie McMillan and Lucille Simmers, as teach- 
ers. The first six grades are taught in this 
school, and 154 pupils are enrolled. 

The music and drawing in the Macomb 



schools have been under the immediate supervi- 
sion and instruction of Amelia E. Deneweth, 
and under the general superintendency of Prof. 
W. \V. Ernest. Sixteen graduates from the 
high school were added, in 1906, to the list of 
alumni, which begins with the class of 186S. 
The Macomb schools have all been successful, 
and have sent out into the world many gradu- 
ates who have made their mark in business 
and professional fields. Since their foundation 
the attendance has steadily increased. 

BusHXEi.L Schools. — The Bushnell High 
School building was erected in 1876, but some 
years later was burned down and the present 
large and convenient structure was erected on 
the original site. All grades are taught and filled. 
The West Side School was built a few years ago 
to furnish educational facilities for the ever 
increasing demand. Bushnell has always been 
interested in school matters, and has spared 
neither money nor effort in making her educa- 
tional institutions second to none in the sounty 
— which iiosition she has reached and main- 
tained. A business, or normal institute, open 
to both sexes, was continued in Bushnell 
for many years, and was a power in the com- 
munity. After the State Normal School at 
Macomb was in operation there was no fur- 
ther need of such an institution, and the man- 
agement sold the property. 

SCHOOL STATISTICS 





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7. 


E 


7. 


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1 







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i:ifIor;uIo 


880 


226 


9 


195 


3 


238 




1188 
101 


:i3o 

29fl 


11 

10 


2n 

303 


5 
3 


xm 


Mound 


192 


r>usiincn 


2865 


sts 


19 


634 


5 


55;! 


rrnirte City 


114? 


;«s 


10 


218 


2 


2<)5 


Industry 


1504 


497 


11 


.350 


4 


348 


Sfotl:nnl 


868 
1186 


Hi 
.■i62 


9 
10 


209 
274 


2 
3 


n:> 


Miii-omh 


.337 




1130 


286 
384 


? 


171 
290 


3 


13^ 


i;.-IhH 


352 




889 
1001 


387 
291 


9 

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207 


2 
2 


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i-;iiiiiit>r 


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302 


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377 


[..iiiMoiDe 


1015 


350 


8 


246 


3 


87 


Tfii iicss»><> 


10.T3 


940 


20 


887 


5 


25.5 


lliri- 


1011 


;»2 


9 


226 


4 


245 


T'lniMtinsvilh* 


ino 


494 


15 


453 


5 


.5!>S 


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.MTS 


1730 


25 


1.354 


12 


1721 


tVtlrlu'sior 


2386 









5 


SU4 



694 



HISTORY cjF Mcdonough county. 



McDoxouGH College — Higheb Ixstitutioxs. 
— As early as 1835 a project was inaugurated 
for the establishment of a college In this county, 
showing what a deep interest the people took in 
higher education even in that day. A petition 
signed by a number of the citizens of Macomb 
was presented to the Legislature at its session of 
lSo.5-3G, praying for the passage of an act to in- 
corporate an institution by that name. By this 
act. which was passed and approved by the Gov- 
ernor January 12, 1S3G, William W. Bailey, 
Charles Hays. Moses Hinton. William Proctor, 
James McCroskey, Joseph G. Walker, George 
Miller, John M. Walker, Saunders W. Camp- 
bell and Alexander Campbell, were appointed 
Trustees. Notwithstanding the early da.v in 
which this charter was granted, it was not 
until 1851 that a full college course was es- 
tablished, though a high-grade school was con- 
ducted in the building which was situated in 
the extreme nbrtheast corner of the city. The 
building was of brick, two stories in height, 
and was begun immediately after the charter 
was granted, but not completed until the fol- 
lowing year. Rev. James M. Chase and Rev. 
Mr. Stafford occupied the building some years 
with a select school, both of these gentlemen 
being regular college graduates. The Schuyler 
Presbytery, under whose control and supervi- 
sion the college was to be, never felt war- 
ranted in reorganizing the regular college 
course. In 1848 McGinnis and Banks, the con- 
tractors, obtained judgment against the trus- 
tees for work performed on the building, and 
sold the property to satisfy the same. 

Macomb Lodge No. 17. A. P. & A. M., had 
in contemplation the establishment of a Ma- 
sonic college. As the Grand Lodge of Masons 
of the State of Illinois was then seriously con- 
sidering the propriety of establishing such an 
institution. Macomb Lodge thought it advis- 
able to purchase the property and tender it lo 
the Grand Lodge, believing it would be an in- 
ducement to locate the college in Macomb. It 
will thus be seen that the pioneers of the county 
were enterprising and far-sighted, especially 
looking forward to the upbuilding of its edu- 
cational interests in all directions; and this 
spirit has continued to the present. At the 
annual session of the Grand Lodge of that year 
(1848) Dr. J. B. Kyle, an enthusiastic Mason, 
in liehalf of Macon Lodge, formally tendered 



the property to that body. The offer was de- 
clined, the Grand Lodge having become satis- 
fied that it would be unwise to engage in the 
contemplated undertaking. It was then ten- 
dered to the Schuyler Presbytery, on condition 
that this body should establish and maintain 
a school of high grade — which proposition was 
accepted. 

A charter for a college to be known as the 
"McDonough College" was then obtained — the 
old charter probably, by that time, having been 
forfeited. Under its provisions, James M. 
Chase. William F. Ferguson, William K. Stew- 
art, F. S. Vail and W. R. Talbot were named 
as Trustees. The Masonic Lodge of Macomb 
then nominated Rev. Ralph Harris to a profes- 
sorship in the institution, which action was 
ratified by the Trustees on condition that he 
take charge of the school, and for his services 
therefor receive the tuition fees as his salary. 
Mr. Harris accepted the offer, and on the first 
Monday in November, 1849, the school was 
opened, the principal being assisted by Miss 
Ellen Phelps for a period of two years. 

On the eleventh of June, 1851, Rev. William 
F. Ferguson, U. p.. was unanimously elected 
by the Board of Trustees as President of the 
college, his term of service to commence in 
September. A full college course was decided 
upon, and the following faculty appointed- 
Rev. William F. Ferguson, D. D., President and 
Professor of Mental Philosophy, Political Econ- 
omy and Evidences of Christianity (a huge un- 
dertaking) ; Rev. Ralph Harris, A. M., Profes- 
sor of Languages; and Thomas Gilmore, Tutor. 
The two first named are long since dead; the 
latter still survives and is a citizen of Macomb. 
During the first year of the college 133 students 
were enrolled in all the departments, showing 
a fair degree of success. On the death of Pro- 
fessor Ferguson, which occurred March 15, 1853, 
Professor Harris was appointed President pro 
tem.. and James W. Mathews, Instructor, until 
the regular meeting of the Board of Trustees. 
At the meeting named Mr. Mathews was elected 
Professor of Mathematics, and Rev. Ithamer 
Pillsbury, President. Inasmuch as Mr. Pills- 
bury could not enter upon the duties of the 
presidency for a few months, the Rev. John C. 
King was appointed to act pro tem., and so 
continued until the regular head took charge 
of the college. Under Mr. Pillsbury's adminis- 




^. 



^^^d^LjC 



/J^j(y^yO^ 



HISTORY' OF .MrDOXOL'GH COL'XTV 



695 



t rat ion the college prospered somewhat for a 
year or two, but as the Synod of the Presbyte- 
rian Church refused to help the institution, 
which action was quite unexpected, it was found 
impossible to sustain the enterprise any fur- 
ther. In 1855 it was therefore closed, the build- 
ing and grounds reverting to the Masons; and 
thus ended, for the time being, what promised 
to become an nonorable and useful institution 
in JIcDonou.s;h County. The property subse- 
quently came into the possession of Dr. B. R. 
Westfall. the Mfisons having sold their interest 
in it. 

McDOXOlGH Xolt.M.M, .V.M) SCIINTIFIC COI.I.ECE. 

— In 1S65 a charter was granted by the State 
Legislature for the organization of this insti- 
tution in the city of Macomb, the old college 
property above described being then ow-ned 
by Dr. B. R. Westfall. That gentleman, whose 
heart and mind were with the cause of educa- 
tion, sold the property to Professor D. Branch, 
on condition that a school of high .grade should 
be established and kept in oiieration therein 
for ten years: and by arrangement with the 
Trustees under the new charter and Mr. Branch 
the college was continued for over twelve 
years. 

After various changes the grounds were 
finally sold to .John M. Keefer. who subdivided 
the block of ground, on which have since been 
erected several residence buildings, a part of 
which is now owned and operated by Frank 
Bonham and known as College Hill Greenhouse. 
Thus ended the laudable efforts of the early 
citizens of this city and county to again dem- 
onstrate that the future interests of education 
had not been lost si,ght of. 

M.\coMu Fkm.m.k Skminakv. established in 
1852, was situated on the City Park, fronting 
the present site of the Soldiers' Monument, but 
has long since disappeared. It was purchased 
by the Baptists, who used it for their religious 
services. 

Wkstern Ii.i.inois Ndioim, Sciiooi.. — The first 
State Normal School in Illinois was established 
by an act of the Legislature approved February 
18, 1857, and the school was located near Bloom- 
Ington in the central part of the State. The 
Southern Illinois State Normal School was es- 



tablished in 1809 and located at Carbondale. 
Ouring the year 1894. a movement sprang up 
in the northern portion of the State led by Col. 
Isaac Khvood, for the establishment of a nor- 
mal school in one of the northern counties, and 
in 1895 a bill was introduced into the Legisla- 
ture to this effect. A strong opposition to this 
bill at once arose in the eastern part of the 
State. To quiet this opposition a compromise 
was agreed upon by which two schools should 
be established — one for the northern and one 
for the eastern part of the State. Bills estab- 
lishing the schools were passed and approved 
the same day. One was located at DeKalb, the 
other at Charleston. Thus it came about that 
the central, southern, northern and eastern 
parts of the State have been supplied with nor- 
mal schools. The injustice of this distribution 
of normal schools appealed strongly to the peo- 
ple of the western part of the State. Common 
equity demanded that a region furnishing so 
large a proportion of the taxable property of 
the State should also have its normal school. 
These people found a champion in Hon. L. Y. 
Sherman, a member of the Legislature from Mc- 
Donough County, who had been elevated to the 
Speaker's chair in 1899, and in 1904 was pro- 
moted to the Lieutenant Governorship. Shortly 
after the meeting of the Legislature, he drew 
up a bill modeled after the bills for the crea- 
tion of the other normal schools in the State, 
and gave it to Representative Black, of Schuy- 
ler, who introduced it into the Legislature. 

To preserve party harmony it was deemed 
undesirable to pass bills which the Governor 
would deem it his duty to veto. A list of the 
bills receiving favorable mention in the vari- 
ous committees was therefore presented to 
Governor Tanner to ascertain his attitude 
toward them. Believing that the distribution of 
State institutions is a fertile cause of "log-roll- 
ing" in the Legislature, the Governor drew a 
blue pencil mark through the normal school 
bill. Some of the friends of the measure a few 
days later waited upon the Governor, explained 
the justice and necessity of the bill, and as- 
sured him that it was the one bill the Speaker 
desired to have passed. Whereupon the Gov- 
ernor w-ithdrew 'his objections and the bill was 
I)assed and approved April 24, 1899. 

Immediately upon the i)assage of the bill a 
committee of citizens form Warren County 



696 



HISTORY OF McDOXOL'GH COL'XTY. 



waited upon the Governor, stating that Mon- 
mouth would be an applicant tor the location 
of the school and asked that he appoint one of 
its residents a member of the Board of Trus- 
tees. Macomb and Rushville also sent com- 
mittees to the Governor making similar re- 
quests. After a lapse of some sixty days, no 
other towns applying, the Governor appointed 
Senator Fred E. Harding, of Monmouth, John 
M. Keefer, of Macomb, John S. Little, of Rush- 
ville, Col. William Hanna, of Golden, and Hon. 
Charles J. Searle, of Rock Island, as members 
of the Board of Trustees, believing that Col. 
Hanna and Mr. Searle and Mr. Bayliss, Super- 
intendent of Public Instruction (an ex-officio 
member of the Board), would be able to locate 
the school in one of the competing towns, de- 
spite the votes of the two Trustees from the 
other two towns. Scarcely had these men re- 
ceived their commissions when two other cities 
appeared as applicants for the location — Quincy 
and Aledo. Mr. Searles championed the cause 
of Aledo, while loyalty to his home county in- 
spired Col. Hanna to espouse the cause of 
Quincy; and thus was laid the foundation for 
the prolonged contest that was to follow. In due 
time La Harpe and Oquawka entered the arena. 

The Board of Trustees met in Bushnell, July 
20th, and organized by electing Senator Hard- 
ing President and John Little Secretary, and 
drew up rules for the guidance of the various 
towns which should compete for the location 
of the school. During the month of August the 
Trustees visited the competing towns and in- 
spected the sites. Never did these towns pre- 
sent such a beautiful appearance. Streets were 
swept, weeds were cut, trash was burned, fences 
were whitewashed, stagnant pools were skimmed 
and fresh water pumped in, children's faces were 
washed, Sunday clothes were put on. In some 
cases it Is said blankets were spread over the 
graveyards. The fire department was on dress 
parade. There were hose laying contests and 
water was squirted over the court house or 
other high buildings. These were but feeble 
indications of the pent-up determination of the 
citizens of each locality to secure the school.. 

August 31st, the Trustees met in the "Union 
Hotel" at Galesburg to hear the pleas, to open 
the bids, and, if possible, to select the site. Two, 
hundred delegates from the competing towns, 
were present. Prominent politicians within and 



without the "tract" had gathered, for a seat in 
Congress and possibly a judgeship were at 
stake in addition to the location of the school. 

The act establishing the school required the 
Trustees "to receive from localities desiring to 
secure the location of the said school proposals 
for donations oi a suitable site and other val- 
uable considerations," and authorizezd them to 
locate the school "in the place offering the 
most advantageous conditions, all things con- 
sidered, as nearly central as possible in that 
portion of the State lying west of the Fourth 
Principal Meridian, in what is known as the 
'Military Tract,' with a view of obtaining a 
good water supply and other conveniences for 
the use of said institution." 

"The other valuable considerations" and "all 
things considered" were interpreted to mean 
money, and the competing towns vied with one 
another in securing the largest sum. On open- 
ing the bids, it was found that Rushville had 
offered $120,000 in addition to other valuable 
considerations. It is said that every tax-payer 
in Schuyler County was under obligation to 
contribute. Aledo and Macomb each offered 
$70,000 in addition to the site; Monmouth $.54,- 
000 and a valuable site; Quincy $30,900 and a 
site: La Harpe $10,000. The excitement 
among the delegates was intense. Would the 
great bid of Rushville land the school? The 
first ballot revealed the fact that each Trustee 
proposed to stand by his own town. The con- 
test lasted for a year. Besides the time spent 
in traveling to and from the meetings, the 
Board was in session thirty-seven days, held 
sixty-one Separate sessions, and cast five hun- 
dred and ninety-seven ballots without choice. 

There were meetings in Springlield. in 
Galesburg. Rock Island, Beardstown. and in 
other idaces. The meeting in Beardstown dur- 
ing the holidays was perhaps the most excit- 
ing. The Trustees were weary of the long bat- 
tle and were seeking ways to end it honorably 
to themselves and to their constituents. An 
advisory board was suggested, but Governor 
Tanner gave the Board to understand that the 
Trustees themselves must locate the school. 
The plum now ripened rapidly and was about 
to fall. Mr. Bayliss, the only unprejudiced 
member of the Board, had declared again and 
again that he would vote for any one of the 
towns that could secure three other votes. That 



HISTORY OF Mcdonough colxtv 



6(97 



happy condition had now arrived, for Aledo, 
Monmouth and Rushville had each received 
three votes. Mr. Bayliss was sent for to Spring- 
field where he was attending the annual meet- 
ing of the State Teachers' Association. He 
came, but the Trustees adjourned for one week 
to Rock Island and the decisive ballot was not 
cast. Before the week ended the Governor 
called for their resignations. A new Board 
was appointed. New rules governing the con- 
test were adopted. The money consideration 
was abolished; the sites again inspected, new 
propositions made, and the new l?oard on Au- 
gust 14, 19U0, assembled in the Senate Chamber 
at Springfield, to hear the pleas and to select 
the site — the bids having been opened the week 
previous at Galesburg. 

The struggle was short. The first ballot de- 
cided the matter, and Macomb was selected by a 
unanimous vote. The new Trustees were C. J. 
Searle. Rock Island. President: B. .M. Chiper- 
field. Canton. Secretary; S. P. Robinson, Bloom- 
ington: .1. H. Southwick, Flora; J. J. McLallan. 
Aurora, and Hon. Alfred Bayliss. Superinten- 
dent of Public Instruction. Springfield. None 
of these men were residents of the territory in 
which the school was to be located. To these 
men was committed the task of selecting a site 
and erecting the building. 

The corner-stone was laid December 21, 1901, 
with elaborate ceremonies, in the presence of a 
great crowd. A parade was one of the fea- 
tures of the day, being led by Governor Tanner, 
President C. J. Searles. of the Board of Trus- 
tees, .ludge Lawrence Y. Sherman, and other 
prominent men. Then came the Fifth Regi- 
ment band, of Canton, the militia, and the 
Grand Lodge of Masons escorted by the 
Macomb Coramandery. The stone was laid 
with Masonic rites, and within it was placed a 
strong box containing pa|)ers, documents and 
other valuable articles. Addresses were deliv- 
ered by Governor Tanner. President Searle and 
others. 

The work of building was pushed as rap- 
idly as possible, with the view of opening the 
school for the fall term of 1902. Professor .John 
W. Henninger. of Jacksonville, was apijointed 
President of the institution, and, with thirteen 
others, comprised the faculty. It was due to 
their tireless efforts and determination that the 
school was set in operation September 23, 1902. 
6 



The enrollment in both the Training and Nor- 
mal Departments exceeded the most sanguine 
expectations. The hrst year proved a most 
successful one. and excellent work was done 
in every department. The attendance for the 
entire year was 370 in the Normal proper, and 
ISO in the Training School, and the institution 
has manifested a healthy growth up to the 
present time (1907). 

For that year the Board of Trustees was as 
follows: Alfred Bayliss. Superintendent of 
Public Instruction, President; .lohn A. Mead, of 
Augusta, Secretary; C. R. Chandler, of Macomb. 
Treasurer: Fred R. .lelleff, of Galesburg: .lohn 
M. Keefer. of Macomb; Louis H. Hanna. of 
Monmouth; .1. F. Mains, of Stronghurst. Pro- 
fessor Henninger having resigned at the close of 
the term in 190.5. Alfred Bayliss was elected 
by the Board of Trustees to succeed him. which 
proffer has been accepted. Mr. Bayliss resign- 
ing his position as Suiierintendent of Public 
Schools to enter upon his duties at the begin- 
ning of the fall term. Pending the assumption 
of his duties by President Bayliss. Prof. S. B. 
Hursh served as acting President. 

A complete list of the members of the fac- 
ulty (190G) follows; Alfred Bayliss, President; 
Samuel B. Hursh. Professor of English; Wil- 
liam .lames Sutherland, Ph. B., Professor cf 
Geography and Geology; James Clinton Burns, 
A. M.. Professor of History and Civics; Ernest 
S. Wilkinson. Professor of Mathematics; He- 
nier L. Roberts, Professor of Biology; John 
Payson Drake, A. M., Professor of Physics and 
Chemistry: Frederick .loy Fairbank, A. M., 
Professor of Latin. German and Greek: Seth 
Lincoln Smith. Professor of Drawling. Writing 
and Commercial Branches; Winifred Swartz 
Fairbank. Director of Music; Alice M. Osden. 
Expression and Physical Culture; Louis Henry 
Burch, Manual of Arts; W. E. Lugenbeel; .Mis.s 
Dunbar. Librarian; Cora M. Hamilton. Prin- 
cipal of Training Department; Laura Hazel, 
and Elizabeth Hitchcock. Critic Teachers; Mrs. 
Josie Tablet-, Stenographer. (Some changes 
have been made within the last year.) 

Appropriations were made by the Legislature 
of 190.5 sufficient to complete the building, 
which (1900) is ra])idly approaching comi)le- 
tion. When com|)lete. the building, furniture 
and equipments, will be second to none of the 
normal schools of Illinois. The grounds, em- 



698 



HISTORY OF Mcdonough county. 



bracing an area of sixty acres lying on a beau- 
tiful rolling ridge overlooking the city and the 
country tor miles around, were laid out under 
the supervision of a celebrated landscape gar- 
dener and planted under the direction of a 
competent botanist. Taken altogether, the site 
is magnificent, the surroundings pleasant and 
the grounds artistically beautiful, reflecting 
great credit on the Trustees and all in au- 
thority. 



The county is divided into districts, the 
following being the District Presidents: South- 
east District, J. F. Lawyer, Vermont. 111.: 
Northeast District, Robert Burden. Prairie 
City; Southwest District. William Harrell, Col- 
chester; Northwest District, O. A. Webb, 
Blandinsville. The Department Superintend- 
ents are: Normal, J. P. Merriweather, Ma- 
comb; Primary. Mrs. Herman Stocker. Ma- 
comb; Home, John Ulrich, Macomb. 



McDoNOUGH COU.NTV SfXDAY SCHOOLS. — 

From its earliest years McDonough County 
evinced an earnest desire to institute Sunday 



The following table presents an interesting 
study, showing the Sunday School attendance 
in comparison with the |)0]niIation, and cer- 



STATISTICS OF SUNDAY SCHOOLS BY TOWNSHIPS 



NAME. OK 
TOWNSHIP, 



TOWN.<HlP 
I'HISIDKNT. 



POSTOFFTCE 
ADDRKSS. 



HS 



?5! 

5*9 



9 o 






3 3 



Membership. 



<3 -J! 



3.0: 



2:? 

3p 



3"? 



Home de- 
partment. 



2 O 

3.= <3 



30 
xn 



pi 

CO 

Of 



Financial. 



00 o 

-1 "*'Zr 



A-/. >l 

cJ3 



■ » 3 






i.;idorado... 
New Salem 

Mound 

Dushnell... 
Prairie City.. 

[luiustry 

Scotland 

Macomb 

\\'alnut Grov 

Bethel 

Chalmers 

Macomb City 

Emmet 

Sciota 

T^amoine 

Colchester... 

Tennessee 

Hire 

Blandinsville 



Arvin Cash Vermont R. R. 1... 

Mrs. Harvey Miner.. Adair 

0. .1. Thompson Bardoiph R. R. 1.. 

1. B. Spicer Bushnell 

G. V. Booth Prairie City 

J. G. McGaughey.. Industry R. R. 2.., 

Arthur \Vall<er Ma-omb R. R. 3..., 

H. B. Walker Macomb 

J. W. Simmons Roseville R. R. 3... 

C. W. Schnatterly.. Colchester R. R. 3. 

5. J. Bagley Macomb R. R. 5... 

L. B. Vose Macomb 

A. M. Stickle Macomb - 

7. A. Smith Sciota 

('. L. Itartlett Plymouth 

G. W. Carson Colchester 

Miss Pansy Green.., Tennessee 

W, Baumgardner.. Colchester R. R. 1. 
Frank Herzog Blandinsville 



208 
272 
156 
■ISti 
258 
2M 
218 
288 
107 
293 

08 
1512 

89 
306 

68 
.522 
214 
215 
536' 



238 
336 
192 
553 
295 
348 
242 
337 
132 
352 
81 
1721 
\Wl 
377 
87 
594 
255 
545 
590 



Total 82 73 19 982 6110 7092 4109 249 



$ 12 67 
26 00 



60 00 
82 05 
46 80 
140 50 
22 57 



' 9 80 


235 40 


4 40 


11 40 



27 04 
32 06 
25 00 
53 OS 



4 56 

6 72 

3 S4 

7 74 

5 90 

6 84 

4 84 

6 74 
2 85 

7 04 
1 55 

34 44 



5 39 

1 00 

11 26 

5 16 

5 20 

6 54 



62 73 $778 77 S127 61 



Schools and other Christian organizations. 
For years every township has been regularly 
organized. holding its own conventions 
and being represented at the gatherings 
of the County Sunday School Association. At 
the State Sunday School conventions, the coun- 
ty, in turn, is always represented by its most 
efficient workers, and ranks with the first in 
Illinois for earnest and systematic Christian 
effort in this direction. 

The officers of the County Sunday School As- 
sociation for 1906 are as follows: L. B. Vose, 
Macomb, President; I. U. Underhill, Colchester, 
Vice-President; Agnes Hamline, Blandinsville, 
Secretary and Treasurer. 



tainly speaks well for the interest and Chris- 
tian effort sustained in McDonough County: 

Piisi.ic LiisRARiK.s. — In addition to the school 
libraries, Bushnell has a circulating library or- 
ganized and sustained by a few of Its leading 
citizens, hut the details of its workings are 
inaccessible. There is also a small select li- 
brary in Prairie City, organized by the Superin- 
tendent of Schools, who issues the books. Its 
quarters are in the High School building. 

The Macomb Carnegie Public Library is a 
valuable institution of the city and county. It 
had its origin in a debating club, whose mem- 
bers, in the early 'seventies, commenced to 




c z/^r. 




HISTORY OF McDONOU(;H O )U.\TY. 



699 



solicit from citizens ttieir unused boolts. The 
collection afterwards developed into a free cir- 
culating library, and for some years continued 
as such, the citizens contributing books, rent- 
ing the rooms and paying a librarian. Thus 
the book-loving sentiment was fostered, and the 
movement resulted ultimately in getting liberal 
legislation from the City Council, which, under 
the State laws, appropriated annually such 
sums of money as would in great measure 
' meet the wants of the people. Suitable rooms 
were provided in the city building, and the 
operating e.xpenses of the library also met by 
the Council tor one day in the week. Interest 
rapidly increased throughout the entire com- 
mimity, and it soon became necessary to open 
two days in each week — Wednesdays and Sat- 
urdays. Encouraging accessions were made to 
the book department, and the Public Library 
became a permanent and popular institution. 

The first Library Board, appointed by the 
City Council in 1881. was organized as follows: 
Benjamin R. Hampton. President; Mary Pills- 
bury. Secretary; Dr. W. O. Blaisdell. Elizabeth 
Garrettson. and Mary Pillsbury. Trustees for 
one year; B. R. Hampton. .1. M. Downing and 
Alex McLean. Trustees for two years; Mrs. W. 
S. Bailey, Ella Whitson and A. K. Lodge, Trus- 
tees for three years. The library was opened 
to the public in April. 1882. At that time the 
number of volumes was 826, of which 231 were 
Government documents. The location of the 
first library room, under the foregoing organi- 
ation. was in the Stocker building on the south 
side of the Square, but was afterwards re- 
moved to the City building. 

In 1903 Mr. Andrew Carnegie contributed 
$1.5.000 to the city for a library building, on 
condition that the municipality appropriate 
$1,500 annually for the support of the institu- 
tion. The terms were accepted, and a structure 
complete in every respect for the required pur- 
pose was erected, at a cost of $31,000. The 
Board which had the entire matter in charge 
from the stage of negotiation with Mr. Carnegie 
to the completion of the building, was as fol- 
lows: Van L. Hampton. President; Ralph 
Chandler. Secretary; L. F. Gumbart, Philip E. 
Elting. Hiram H. Harris. Prof. James C. Burns. 
Mrs. Lilly Keefer. Eva M. Stocker and Cora B. 
Harris. Well did they perform thpir duties, the 
building itself being a monument to their 



taste and earnest, efficient efforts in the public 
interest. 

During the year 1904 the library was re-or- 
ganized under the Dewey system of classifica- 
tion. .Mahala Phelps having been the efficient 
librarian from the first. Under her charge the 
Public l^ibrary of Macomb has done much to 
elevate and foster an educational spirit, not 
only in the city, but everywhere in the county, 
as books can be obtained by non-residents of 
Macomb under certain rules established by 
the Board. The new building is situated on 
Lafayette and Jefferson Streets, and is open 
daily e.vcept Sunday. Architecturally it is a 
handsome structure, and its interior arrange- 
ments and furnishings are of the latest and 
best quality. 

Eaih,y School Remixisce.\ces. — The follow- 
ing is the experience of one of our earliest 
teachers in a neighborhood where it had been 
the not infrequent custom of "locking out the 
teacher," and thus rather ingloriously ending 
the term of school. Benjamin L. Patch, for 
over a quarter of a century Judge of the County 
Court of Carroll County. HI., when a very young 
man. began the study of law in the office of 
Hampton & Waters, of Macomb. In order to 
make his bread and butter, he taught school 
for a time, and his experience was that of all 
early teachers in this new county. While these 
faithful pedagogues were not university grad- 
uates, they taught the elementaries in a force- 
ful and satisfactory manner, and many of their 
pupils have become leading lawyers and states- 
men. All honor belongs to these unvarnished 
pedagogues, and their memories should be care- 
fully preserved. Judge Patch's letter follows: 

"The winter of 1850-51, I taught school in 
McDonough County, a few miles south of 
Macomb, at a place known as Gin Ridge. The 
School Directors were Messrs. Calvin, Venard 
and Haney. Having learned that they wanted 
a school teacher in said district. I called upon 
them. They informed me that the public school 
fund was not sufficient to pay the teacher: that 
the deficit had to be made up by the patrons of 
the school: that in the district were a lot of 
big tough boys who attended school, but made 
much trouble, and that the teacher being una- 
ble to control them would soon give up the 
school. They added that, during the last win- 
ter, several teachers had been employed, and. 



/OO 



HISTORY OF McDOXOUGH COUNTY. 



having failed to manage these scholars, were 
obliged to leave. As I was a young man the 
Directors said they had doubts ot my abilities 
to control this element in the school. 

"I replied that if they, as Directors, would 
stand by me in every thing that was right, I 
would undertake to teach the school; that if I 
failed and had to give it up, I would not ask 
pay for the time I taught. I was thereupon 
employed to teach a term of three months at 
$16 per month and board — the latter being sup- 
plied by different patrons of the school. 

"When the time arrived to commence school. 
Mr. Calvin, one of the Directors, went with me 
to the school house. This was a log cabin, with 
a large fire-place in one end of the building and 
the chimney on the outside. The furniture con- 
sisted of a rough table, several rough benches, 
and a long writing desk made by boring holes 
into the logs and inserting wooden pins, upon 
which was placed a wide rough board. It was 
certainly a hard-looking place for a school. 

"The district was large and most of the in- 
habitants lived in log houses, neighbors not 
very near each other. When all the sixty-one 
scholars were present there was no vacant 
space in the school house. The pupils had all 
kinds of school books — hardly any two alike — 
seven different arithmetics, five different gram- 
mars, but all full of useful information. But 
the multiplicity of books made no difference 
to the scholar who was trying to acquire an 
education. The scholars were of all sizes — ■ 
twenty-six great strapping boys, any one of 
them big and stout enough to thrash the 
teacher. 

"But I had no trouble with any of the schol- 
ars; they were all kind and obliging, interested 
in their work and seemed much pleased with 
the school. And thus it continued during the 
term. At the close of the term the Directors 
and patrons of the school were so well satisfied 
with the success of the school that they em- 
ployed me to teach a term of six weeks, and 
increased the salary to $20 per month. The 
same order and good feeling continued through- 
out this term. 

"My experience in teaching the school con- 
vinced me that the prior trouble in the dis- 
trict was more the fault of the teachers than 
the scholars. I was well treated by the Direct- 
ors, patrons of the school and scholars, and 



much pleased with all of them. I failed to 
find any 'bad, tough boys' arnong my pupils, and 
concluded that "Gin Ridge' was not a bad place 
in which to teach school." 



CHAPTER XI\-. 



THE Mcdonough county press. 



HISTORY OF M DONOUGH COUNTY NEWSP.^^PEBS 

FIBST JJEWSPAPEB ESTABLISHED IN 1851 — SOME 
NEWS ITEMS or XHAT PERIOD THE MACOMB EN- 
TERPRISE AND MACOMB JOURNAL OTHER MA- 
COMB CITY JOURNALS AND MEN WHO HAVE BEEN 
IDENTIFIED WITH THEIR HISTORY — B. R. HAMP- 
TON, THE HAINLINES AND OTHERS — COLCHESTER, 
BUSHNELL. PRAIRIE CITY, BLANDINSVILLE, i;OOD 
HOPE, B.\RDOLPH AND INDUSTRY JOURNALS — 
UBOVVTH OF THE m'dONOUGH COUNTY" PRESS IN 
THE PAST FIFTY YTIARS. 

On the 12th of September, 1851, the first 
number of the "McDonough Independent," 
which was the first newspaper issued in the 
county, was launched on the journalistic field. 
It was a six-column folio, published by George 
W. Smith and Theodore L. Terry, the former 
having previously been proprietor of a paper 
at Beardstown, 111. This was long before the 
day of railroads in this section of the State, 
and during the period of muddy thoroughfares, 
slow stages and an entire absence of educa 
tional or literary surroundings. In fact, all the 
settlers were too busy making a living to think 
of such things; they were certainly short on 
education, and long on hard work. 

The First Editor. — Mr. Smith was a strict 
Democrat of the .lacksonian school, but in order 
to gain a foothold in the community, he pub- 
lished, as its name indicated, an independent 
paper bearing the usual motto — "Independent 
in All Things: Neutral in None." But in spite 
of the motto. Smith could not hide his predi- 
lections; his individual politics would crop out. 
But neither the Whigs nor the community at 



lllS'iXJKV UI- McUOXOUGH CUUXTY. 



701 



large were in a fault-finding mood. They were 
too thankful to have a newspaper to be hyper- 
critical, and it took amazingly. Smith was a 
born editor and printer. He made his own 
wood cuts; manufactured his ink from soot auu 
oil, when the roads were bad and communica- 
tion with Beardstown impossible; and, when 
short of paper, which was not an infrequent 
predicament, he bought from the merchants 
such as they used in business, thus maintain- 
ing his reputation for regularity. Mr. Smith 
did the most of his own work at the case, 
never using manuscript, but simply picking up 
his types and "firing away." In a word, he 
was one of the most versatile of geniuses; he 
could run a paper, lecture on scientific subjects 
or grind out poetry and prose with equal facil- 
ity. His partner in business was a young, dap- 
per little fellow, being a good compositor and 
general office man. But the town was too slow 
and uninteresting for him, and in February. 
1852, he returned to his home and a more ad- 
vanced state of civilization. 

Si'KCIMK.N lTf:MS i-KO.\l THE FiRST IsSUE. — It 

may be of some interest to select a few items 
from the first issue of this paper, showing 
the conditions which prevailed then as com- 
pared with the present. News from abroad was 
generally a month old, or rather it was from 
thirty to forty days In getting West. To il- 
lustrate: In a column which was headed "Lat- 
est," appeared some war news from China, dat- 
ed January 23, 1851, and published eight 
months thereafter in the first issue of the "In- 
dependent." Now the morning and afternoon 
papers keep the uttermost parts of the world 
before their readers, as a moving picture, al- 
most of the present. This paper of September 
12th had news from New Orleans dated Sep- 
tember 5th, per steamer "Cherokee," giving 
authentic information of the capture and execu- 
tion of Lopez in Havana, and the taking of 
over ninety Americans who intended to cap- 
ture the Spanish possession. Some of the pas- 
sengers on the steamer were present at the gar- 
roting of Lopez, and at the execution and ban- 
ishment of many others. Thus ended the first 
invasion of Cuba. Items of local interest ap- 
peared, such as the marriage notice of Alex 
ander V. Brooking to Elizabeth H. Randolph, 
which occurred August 27, 1851, and, with the 
notice, was announced the receipt of an abund- 



ance of wedding cake, "for which the fair bride 
has our sincere thanks." So taffy has been in 
the market for many years past. Other mar- 
riage notices appeared in the first issue, includ- 
ing those of Isaac Massingill to Sarah Groves, 
August 31, 1851; David H. Lockett, of McDon- 
ough, to Priscilla Sherman, of Hancock County, 
and Alexander Dorothy to Sarah Hurn, on Sep- 
tember 7th — Squire C. R. Hume performing the 
marriage ceremony of the latter. The first 
death notice was that of Mrs. Jane S. Lang- 
well, wife of Peter Langwell, aged sixty years. 

Much more ancient history could be made by 
referring to the files of the "Independent." 
The usual crop of home poets came to the front, 
and quite frequently their effusions appeared. 
Smith. like Barkis, "was willin'," and so they 
had a good show for trying the patience of a 
generous public; but, up to date, nothing has 
bpen heard of any who have acquired lasting 
fame. 

In September, 1852, the paper was enlarged 
to a seven-page folio, afterward appearing as 
the "McDonough Independent and Democratic 
Review." In September, 1855, it was again 
changed to the "McDonough Democrat," at 
which time R. M. Royalty became a partner in 
the paper. The paper now became intensely 
Democratic. Mr. Rjoyalty retired in 1856, and 
Mr. Smith continued as editor and proprietor 
for some time, after which he removed to 
Blandinsville and issued the "Argus." Still 
later, he went to Missouri, and was fatally in- 
jured by falling from a hotel veranda. 

"The Entebprise" was the second paper pub- 
lished in McDonough County, its first issue be- 
ing dated June 19, 1855. Smith's paper having 
developed into an outspoken Democratic jour- 
nal, two young men named T. S. Clarke and D. 
G. Swan, both practical printers, were induced 
to establish "The Enterprise," engaging L. H. 
Waters, an attorney of brilliant abilities, to edit 
it according to Republican principles. Mr. 
Clarke was connected with the paper only for a 
few months, its management remaining in the 
bands of Mr. Swan as proprietor and Mr. Wa- 
ters as editor. On account of the limited pat- 
ronage of the paper, publication was discon- 
tinued in November, 1855, but after a few 
weeks Hon. B. R. Hampton, an attorney, pur- 
chased an interest in the paper, and assumed 
its editorial control. His salutatory appeared 



702 



HISTORY OF AIcDONOUGH COUNTY. 



December 26, 1S55, and strongly presented the 
claims of the Republican party for public sup- 
port. Under Mr. Hampton's editorial manage- 
ment the paper prospered, and his honest, can- 
did and fearless policy soon brought it into 
the lead as a Republican paper in McDonough 
and adjoining counties. 

Mr. Swan, one of the founders of the paper, 
retired January 28, 1857, and F. C. Fowler ob- 
tained his interest. "The Enterprise" contin- 
ued under the joint management of Messrs. 
Hampton and Fowler until March, 1859, when 
the latter was succeeded as part proprietor by 
J. W. Nichols, who retired in 1860. Mr. Hamp- 
ton thus assumed complete control of the pa- 
per, after which Virgil Y. Ralston held the edi- 
torial chair for some time until 1861, when he 
relinquished it for the purpose of raising the 
first company of the Sixteenth Illinois Infantry, 
remaining with that regiment until 1864. Mr. 
Ralston died from wounds and exposure in- 
curred during the war in 1864. In the spring 
of 1861 James K. Magie, of Carthage, purchased 
a half interest, the name of the paper then 
being changed to "Macomb Journal." which title 
it has since retained. 

In 1862, having become a private in the Sev- 
enty-eighth Illinois Volunteer Infantry, Mr. Ma- 
gie sold his interest in the "Macomb Journal" 
to Mr. Nichols, who again became editor and 
continued the management of the paper until 
January. 1864. He then disposed of his inter- 
est to Mr. Magie, and T. S. Clarke, one of the 
founders of the paper, became editor in Au- 
gust, 1864. Mr. Clarke associated with himself 
C. L. Sanders, and thus continued the publica- 
tion of the paper until the return of Mr. Magie 
from the war, in June, 1865. The latter then 
assumed full charge, and In November of that 
year Mr. Hampton again purchased the office, 
continuing in control until June 17, 1870, when 
William H. Hainline purchased a half-interest 
In the establishment. 

Hampton & Hainline continued as publishers 
of the "Journal" until January 3, 1881, when 
the former disposed of his interest and Mr. 
Hainline edited and controlled the paper until 
January 3, 1884. The announcement was then 
made that the concern had become a corpora- 
tion, with William H. Hainline, Mrs. W. H. 
Hainline, Walter L. Piper and A. J. Hainline as 
stockholders, its official title being "The Ma- 



comb Journal Printing Company." The edi- 
torial management remained as formerly. 
Frank Harris is now both managing editor and 
financial manager. Since the commencement 
of its corporate life, the "Journal" has contin- 
ued to grow in size and influence, and is now 
second to none in the State as a prosperous 
county paper. 

"The Maco.mb E.igle," the leading Demo- 
cratic newspaper of McDonough County, was 
established in that city in October, 1856, by R. 
M. Royalty and W. E. Avise, the former as ed- 
itor. The first Issue bears date October 18th, 
of that year, and three weeks later the paper 
suspended for lack of patronage and funds. On 
January 3, 1857, it was revived by G. T. Mitch- 
ell, who entered into partnership with Mr. 
Avise, since which time the "Eagle" has lived 
and soared. On March 7, 1857, Mr. Avise re- 
tired and Nelson Abbott succeeded him, while 
on January 9, 1858, Mr. Mitchell also disposed 
of his Interest to Mr. Abbott. John H. Hun- 
gate bought the office February 11. 1865, and 
continued the publication of the paper, with J. 
B. Naylor as editor, for six months, when he 
sold it to Charles H. Whitaker. Mr. Whitaker 
was editor and proprietor of tne "Eagle" until 
1894, when it was sold to a company consist- 
ing of T. J. Dudman and Rufus Leach. In De- 
cember of that year Mr. Leach retired, and 
since that time Mr. Dudman has continued ed- 
itor and proprietor. The paper is a fair expo- 
nent 01 Democratic principles, and is quite con- 
servative; but it certainly has proven a paying 
investment for Mr. Dudman, who owns not only 
the plant, but the building where the "Eagle" 
Is published, as well as other real estate in 
the city. He is not the proverbially "poor 
editor and printer." 

Some Miscellaneous Pitblications. — Between 
1866 and 1881 numerous papers and periodical 
Ijublications were issued in Macomb, among 
which was the "Macomb Ledger," with T. S. 
Clarke editor. It lived just four weeks, when 
press and material were sold and shipped to 
Havana, 111. 

"The Western Light," published by S. J. 
Clarke and Charles P. Whitten, issued its first 
number in January, 1868. The proprietors 



HISTORY Ol" .McDOXOUGH COUNTY 



70i 



aimed to make the publication more of a liter- 
ary journal than a newspaper, and it existed 
one year. In December of that year Mr. Clarke 
disposed of the ofBce to Reynolds & Garrison, 
and the plant was used in printing the "Gospel 
Echo," a religious paper published in the in- 
terest of the Christian Churcn. In about a 
year thereafter B. R. Hampton became propri- 
etor, when the material became somewhat mi- 
gratory and all trace of the plant was lost in 
the busy commercial world. 

'TiiK Ii.Li.Nois By-Stani)er" was established 
by Hon. Benjamin R. Hampton, a pioneer jour- 
nalist, and the first issue was dated April 13, 
ISSl. It was a six-page folio and was intensely 
independent, although not so original as to 
forbear flying at its masthead the old-time 
motto 'Independent in All Things; Neutral in 
None." Mr. Hampton continued to issue the 
paper until his death in 1SS7, and under his 
able management it became a very strong and 
influential paper. While still a youth Mr. Hamp- 
ton's son Benjamin introduced the short no- 
tices ol "Arrivals and Departures" of the peo- 
ple of the city and county, which proved such 
a successful feature that it has since been 
adopted by all the papers in the county. At 
the death of Benjamin R. Hampton, his son 
David H. Hampton, became proprietor and 
edited the paper with continued success until 
August, 1893, when he disposed of the plant 
to Van L. Hampton, the present owner and 
editor. 

"The By-Stander" was continued as a weekly 
until December, 1904, when Mr. Hampton added 
the "Daily By-Stander," both issues now being 
regularly published with great success. Van 
L. Hampton seems to be a natural news-gath- 
erer and a public exponent of all matters per- 
taining to newspaperdom. These qualities, 
with his perseverance, his industry and enthusi- 
asm, make his paper greatly appreciated, and 
a political power in Republicanism. For three 
generations the Hampton family has stanchly 
adhered to that party, and stood as sturdy op- 
ponents of the wrong and supporters of the 
right in the strictly moral sense of the word. 
For a few years Mr. Hampton conducted the 
"Colchester Independent," before purchasing 
the "By-Stander,' but sold that paper to Frank 
Groves, its present owner and editor. 



"Colchester 1ndepende.\t." — The first issue 
of this paper is dated September 7, ISSO. its 
owner being H. H. Stevens, who had published 
a pai)er in the interests of the Patrons of Hu.s- 
bandry, commonly known as "Grangers." It 
was discontinued under its original name, and 
appeared as the "Colchester Independent" from 
the date above given. On August 22. 1SS3, it 
was leased to V. L. Hampton for a period of one 
year, but before that term expired Mr. Stevens 
sold out to L. S. Reid, and, a few days later, 
the latter turned the property over to Mr. 
Hampton. Under Mr. Hampton's management 
the paper was very prosperous, and for some 
time after his purchase of the "By-Stander" he 
conducted both publications. After some 
changes the "Independent" became the proper- 
ty of its present editor, Frank Groves, who has 
maintained its standard as a first-class news- 
paper, which reflects credit on the city of Col- 
chester and is a faithful agent in advancing 
municipal interests and the welfare of its own 
patrons. 

"McDoxoTTfiH Democr.\t." — This weekly paper 
is published in the city of Bushnell, having 
been established in the summer of 1884 by 
Charles C. Chain and W. L. Kay, the former 
being its editor and manager. \\ hen first is- 
sued, July 3, 1884, it was a seven-column folio, 
but December 11, 1884, It was changed to a five- 
column quarto, which form it has since retained. 
The paper has been regularly issued since its 
establishment by Mr. Chain, and has been con- 
sistently devoted to the interests of Bushnell 
and the surrounding country. In politics it is 
Democratic, and Mr. Chain, with his enterpris- 
ing temperament, does not fail to keep abreast 
of the party and the times. He therefore ob- 
tains his full share of patronage, and is recog- 
nized as a bold Democratic exponent and party 
leader. 

Pratrie City Newspapers. — Prairie City, this 
county, seems to be a sort of newspaper grave- 
yard, as the rise and fall of various editorial 
outputs demonstrate. The first paper issued 
here was the "Prairie City Chronicle," April 23, 
1857, with R. W. Seton, editor. It lingered 
for nearly a year before its death. Notwith- 
standing its decease, .Mr. Seton, in May. 1S.58, 
began the publication of the "Prairie Chief," 



704 



HISTORY OF Mcdonough county. 



in the interests of tlie Gcx)d Templars. Its rec- 
ord is ratlier obscure; but it is known that 
the "Chief" was consigned to an early grave. 
Then came the "Prairie Chicken," which had 
no future whatever. 

In 1870 appeared the "Prairie City Herald," 
instituted by C. W. Taylor, who, with his broth- 
er, H. B. Taylor, continued the publication for 
some years. It was. spicy, and its columns 
breathed the spirit of its principal editor, which 
is now almost daily absorbed through the col- 
umns of the "Chicago Tribune," under the 
heading "In a Minor Key," signed by C. W. T. 
It is a pleasure to add that C. W. Taylor has 
continued as fresh in his humor, and as up-to- 
date, as any of the literary specialists in his 
line. After retiring from the "Prairie City Her- 
ald" Mr. Taylor was connected for several 
years with the "Bushnell Record." The "Prairie 
City Herald" suspended in 1882. 

The "Prairie City Bugle" startled the com- 
munity with its notes on February 8, 1882, and 
continued its musical strains under a number 
of editors until September 2S, 18S3. Changed 
to "Transcript" November 24, 1884, it was pur- 
chased by Henry L. N. Miller, who continued its 
publication for a number of years. Mr. Miller 
was an independent editor, and had the cour- 
age to plainly express his convictions, and he 
has since been connected with the papers of 
Prairie City as editor, solicitor and contributor. 

"Pr.\irie City Her.\u)."— On the 30th of April, 
188.5, a new venture in the journalist field was 
instituted in remembrance of the old defunct 
paper of the Taylor brothers. It was named 
the "Prairie City Herald." and its editor, 
Charles E. Keith, proved to be a very racy 
writer and maintained the interest of his read- 
ers for a number of years. It was a seven- 
column quarto, and after many changes of pro- 
l)rietorship and editorship, became the property 
of its present owner and editor, L. M. Hamilton, 
who has given his patrons a good readable fam- 
ily and business newspaper. 

Bl.\n-dinsville New.spapers. — Blandinsville 
has had a large brood of newspapers during 
the past fifty years. Its first journal was is 
sued in 1857 by George W. Smith, under the 
name "Blandinsville Argus," but continued in 
existence only a few months. 

In 1875 William Brown temporarily estab- 
lished the "Era," which has neither ancestry 
nor descendants. 



In the fall of 1877 John C. Hammond issued 
the "McDonough Democrat" and continued its 
publication until 1879, when it came under the 
management of the Blandinsville Publishing 
Company, and remained thus until 1882. In 
that year George S. Fuhr became proprietor 
and editor, and, with his brother Frank Fuhr, 
remained in control until June, 1884. Upon 
the retirement of George Fuhr at that time, 
the politics of the paper was changed to Re- 
publican, but in March, 1885, when it passed 
into the hands of Lucien Raid, it became the 
"Review" and returned to Democracy. For 
some years it was conducted by different ed- 
itors until a few years ago it became the prop- 
erty of Charles Ballon. Mr. Ballou sold it to 
the present editor, John H. Bayliss, the name 
of the publication having some time before 
been changed from "Review" to "Star Gazette." 
Under the present manSgement it has been a 
most welcome sheet in both business and fam- 
ily circles, and has also become an exchange 
duly appreciated by the journalistic fraternity. 
Mr. Bayliss is abreast of the times, a keen ob- 
server and his journalistic pencil shows pith 
and point. 

Good Hope Newspapers. — The village of Good 
Hope has also its defunct papers. The "Index," 
issued January 29, 1885, was continued for 
some time under that name. Then the "Tor- 
pedo" came into being, hut. according to its 
name and nature, it exploded, being succeeded 
by the present "Reflector." Under the editor- 
ship of George A. Lackens, it is a very well 
conducted paper. The editor is an active, up- 
to-date citizen, being interested in all enter- 
prises, whether political or commercial. 

"Bardoi.ph News." — This modern weekly pa- 
per is published in the village of Bardolph by 
Fred H. Maxwell, editor and proprietor. It is 
well patronized by the business men of Bar- 
dolph and vicinity, is a newsy journal, and 
seems to possess the elements of growth and 
stability. 

"BnsHXELL Record." — The first paper estab- 
lished in the city of Bushnell was founded 
in 1865, by D. G. Swan, in that day one of the 
most versatile and driving printers of this sec- 
tion of the country. He was the organizer of 
many newspapers in this part of the State. In 
Bushnell he published the "Union Press." and 
continued it for two years, when he disposed 




ANDREW J. CLINE 



HISTORY OF McDOXOL'GH COUXIV. 



705 



of the office to Andrew Hageman, who changed 
the name to "Uushnell Record." It was con- 
tinued iinder Mr. Hageman"s management until 
1S71. when he was compelled to retire on ac- 
count of declining health. In March, 1S71, A. 
W. Vandyke, who had been the manager of 
the "Record," and was a son-in-law of the pro- 
prietor, assumed charge of the paper and con- 
tinued its publication for two years. Epperson 
& Spencer became proprietors in the spring of 
1S73, and Mr. Epperson sole proprietor and 
editor in 1874. Among the later proprietors 
were Charles W. Taylor and Thomas H. B. 
Camp, and at the close of the year 1882, when 
John B. Camp purchased Mr. Taylor's interest, 
the firm name was changed to Camp Brothers, 
^the public being notified of the new manage- 
ment in the issue of January 12, 18S3. The pa- 
per continued under this management for many 
years, when T. H. B. Camp, who had been 
admitted to the bar, was elected County Prose- 
cuting Attorney. The partaership between the 
brothers was then dissolved, and the "Record" 
is now under the sole management, both edi- 
torial and business, of John Camp, who has 
made it second to no paper in the county. Mr. 
Camp is a quaint and spicy writer, and up 
with the procession in every detail of His pro- 
fession. He has made the "Record" a house- 
hold necessity, and well deserves the success 
accorded him by the public, the commercial 
world and his brothers of the pen and pencil. 

IxnrsTKY XKWsi'.\rEn.s. — The first newspaper 
established at Industry was the "Enterprise," 
issued by A. H. Marlow, formerly of Rushville. 
on September 15. 1902. Mr. Marlow continued 
the publication until the fall of 1904, when he 
disposed of the plant to Z. A. Avery and J. H. 
Wilhelm. The firm of Avery & Wilhelm con- 
tinued the management of the paper until the 
spring of 1905, when Mr. Avery became sole 
proprietor, his former partner removing to 
Hamilton. 111., where he associated himself 
with Bert Oakman in the publication of the 
"Register" of that city. Mr. Avery continued 
the publication of the "Industry Enterprise" 
until October 23, 1905, when he leased the plant 
to W. I. Prugh, who is now editor and In full 
charge of the office and newspaper. 

The "Industry Weekly News" was established 
in the winter of 1901, the first issue being dated 



December 5th, of that year. It was owned by 
W. I. Prugh and J. W. Hermetet, and published 
under the firm name of W. I. Prugh & Co. They 
remained thus until September, 1905, when 
Mr. Prugh disposed of his interest to Dr. Her- 
metet, who engaged Howard Ely, a Philadel- 
phia gentleman, to take charge of the office. 
Both of these papers are quite liberally patron- 
ized, and, as disseminators of local news, are 
the equals of any journals in the county. They 
are independent politically, and a credit to 
their conductors and the village of their pub- 
lication. 

An honest endeavor has been made in the 
above to give a concise and reliable history of 
the newspapers which have been instituted in 
McDonough County, some of which have died 
and some thrived with creditable success. Much 
of value has doubtless been omitted, and er- 
rors may also have occurred; but as an expla- 
nation of omissions or other faults, it should 
be stated that data has been difficult to obtain, 
since a large proportion of the early newspaper 
files are lost and there is no reliable means at 
hand to verify or correct personal recollections, 
which are often conflicting and unreliable. 



CHAPTER -W 



MORMONiSM— THE MORMON WAR. 



COMINf. OK THE MORMONS TO ILLINOIS ORIGIN ANK 

IIROWTII OF TIIK SECT — THE CAREER OF JO.SEPH 

.S.MITH — SETTLEMENT AT NAf\00 ARROC.VNCE OF 

THE LEADERS AND ITS EFFECT rPON THE PEOPLE 
^-GOV. ford's ACCOUNT OF THE ARREST OF JO- 
,SEPn AND HYRCM SMITH — THEIR MURDER BY A 
MOU IN THE HANCOCK COI'NTY JAIL — THE MOR- 
.MON WAR AND THE HEC^RA TO UTAH — THE OLD 
.lAIL NOW THE PROPERTY OF THE "LATTER DAY 
.saints" — WILI.EA.M R. HAMILTON'S ACCOUNT OF 
THE MURDER OF SMITH AND FOLLOWING EVENTS 
— A SER.MON BY BRIOHAM YOUNG — LIST OF THE 
CARTHAGE GRAYS AND ROSTER OF TROOPS FROM 
m'dONOUOII COUNTY. 

From 1835 to 1845 McDonough County nearly 
doubled its population. Increasing from 2,862 



7o6 



HISTCJRY OF McD()X(JUGH COUNTY. 



souls (including six negroes) to 5,355 (three 
negroes included) during that period. The set- 
tlers of that time had little opportunity to en- 
gage in public enterprises — first, because the 
period was one covered by the expression "hard 
times"; and, second, because those who located 
in the new country were of very limited means 
at best, and what money they had earned had 
to be economically spent in the improvement of 
their lands and the erection of the strictly ne- 
cessary dwellings and barns. Among the in- 
coming settlers several families of Mormons 
settled in McDonough County, having been 
driven from Missouri by an incensed people 
who claimed that the refugees had persistent- 
ly robbed and despoiled them; the Mormons 
themselves claimed that they had been perse- 
cuted on account of their religion, and thus 
aroused such sympathy in the breasts of the 
Illinoisans that the new comers were received 
with favor. 

The people called the Mormons, but who 
called themselves members of "The Church 
of Jesus Christ, or Latter-day Saints," be- 
gan to figure in the politics of the State in 
]840. Large numbers of them came to Illi- 
nois and purchased a tract of land on the east 
side of the Mississippi River, in Hancock 
County, about ten miles above Keokuk, Iowa. 
Here they commenced the building of the 
city of Nauvoo; and a beautiful site for a 
city it was, on the brow of a high bluff over- 
looking the great river and adjoining coun- 
try tor miles. The place was laid out with 
wide streets and convenient alleys, and sev- 
eral acres were designated as the Temple 
Area, or Square, in the center of which was 
erected one of the most splendid houses of 
worship then in existence in the Mississippi 
Valley. Even now, although the Temple, like 
Its great prototype, has been razed to the 
ground, the spot is the hallowed Mecca of 
the Mormon people, wherever found, and is 
visited by those who have opportunity at all 
seasons of the year. 

The origin, rapid development and prosper- 
ity of this religious body, or sect, are matters 
for marvel, and challenge attention as a his- 
torical event of the nineteenth century. That 
an obscure man, without money, education or 
respectability, should hoodwink and persuade 
thousands of people to believe him inspired 
of God. and cause a book, without merit as 



a literary production, to be received as a part 
or a continuation of the Sacred Scriptures, ap- 
l)ears almost incredible; and yet, in less than 
half a century, the disciples of this obscure 
individual have increased to hundreds of thou- 
sands; have founded a State in the distant 
West, and not only built a splendid city, but 
have erected a Temple and a Tabernacle which 
are hardly surpassed for beauty and architec- 
tural magnificence on this continent; and, 
finally, their growth in population and political 
strength has compelled recognition of the com- 
munities they have established as an inde- 
pendent State. 

The founder of Mormonism was Joseph 
Smith, who was born at Sharon, Windsor 
County, Vermont, on the 23d of December, 
1805, one hundred years, almost to a day, be- 
fore this article was written. His parents 
were in humble circumstances, and gave their 
son but an indifferent education. W^hen he 
first began to act the Prophet he was ignorant 
of everything which belonged to science or 
theology, but his deficiency in these lines, as 
in education generally, was counterbalanced 
by a natural cunning and a wonderful inven- 
tion and intellectual constructiveness. 

When Joseph was ten years old his parents 
removed to Palmyra, N. Y. His youth was 
spent in an Idle, vagabond fashion, roaming 
the woods, dreaming of buried treasures and 
studying the art of locating them by the twist- 
ing of a forked stick held in the hands, or by 
looking through enchanted stones. Both he 
and his father became noted as "water 
witches," always ready to point out the ground 
where living wells might be dug; and many 
are the anecdotes of the son's early life giving 
bright promise of the future Prophet. 

Such was the Joseph Smith when found by 
Sidney Rigdon, a man of considerable talent 
and' information who had conceived the idea 
of founding a new religion. Rigdon had be- 
come possessed of a religious romance written 
by a Mr. Spaulding, a Presbyterian clergyman 
of Ohio (then dead), and the story had sug- 
gested the idea to him; in Joe Smith he found 
the requisite cunning and duplicity to reduce 
it to practice. It was agreed that Smith should 
be put forth as a Prophet, and the two de- 
vised the tale that golden plates had been 
found buried in the earth in the vicinity of 
Palmyra; these were said to contain a record 




Jail al Carthage. Hancock County, where Joseph and Hyrum Smith were l(illed. 
Window from which Joseph Smith fell after being shot 




Court House. Carthage, Hancock County. Wm. R. Hamilton was stationed in the Cupola to 
observe the movements of the mob before Joseph Smith was killed. 



HISTORY OF McDOXOUGH COU.\ ^^■. 



707 



in unknown characters, which, when deciph- 
ered by the powers of inspiration, gave the 
history of the ten tribes of Israel in their wan- 
derings through Asia and America; where they 
had settled and flourished and where, in due 
time, Christ came and preached his Gospel 
to them, appointed his twelve Apostles, and 
was crucified here, nearly in the same manner 
in which he met his death on Calvary. 

As Rigdon stated, it was made known to 
Smith that the Indians were the remnant of 
Israel; that when they first came to this con- 
tinent they were an enlightened people having 
a knowledge of the true God; that the proph- 
ets and inspired writers among them had 
handed down the tablets for many generations; 
that the people fell into wickedness and nearly 
all of them were destroyed, but the records, 
by command of God, were deposited where 
found, to preserve them from the hands of 
the wicked who sought to destroy them. As 
Rigdon asserted, Joseph Smith became filled 
with the Holy Ghost, and upon several occa- 
sions an angel appeared to him instructing him 
concerning the great work of God about to 
commence on the earth through him. He was 
told where the records were deposited, and 
leqnired to go immediately and view them. 
The records were found on the side of a 
hill, slightly buried in the earth and secured 
in a stone box, on the road from Palmyra to 
Canandaigua, three miles from the village of 
Manchester, in the State of New York. They 
were said to be engraved on gold plates in 
Egyptian characters, the plates being of the 
thickness of tin and bound together in the 
form of a book of about six inches in thick- 
ness, fastened on one side by three rings 
which passed through all the metal sheets. 
In the same box with the plates were found 
two stones, transparent and clear as crystal; 
the Urim and Thummim used by seers in an- 
cient times — the instruments of revelation of 
things distant, past or present. 

The news of this alleged discovery spread 
abroad. The new Prophet became the sport 
of lies, slanders and mobs, and. as he stated, 
vain attempts were made to rob him of the 
plates. He then removed to the northern part 
of Pennsylvania, where, with the aid of in- 
spiration and Urim and Thummim, he com- 
menced to translate the mysterious records, 
and finished a part of what he called the 



"Book of Mormon." In order to give these 
so-called Revelations some semblance of au- 
thenticity, the Prophet Smith brought forward 
those whom he alleged to be witnesses of the 
existence of the plates. Oliver Cowdrey, Mar- 
tin Harris and Samuel Whitemore solemnly 
certified that "we have seen the plates which 
contain the records; they were translated by 
the gift and power of God, "tor His voice has 
declared it unto us;' and we declare, with 
words of soberness, that an angel of God came 
down from heaven and brought and laid them 
before our eyes, and that we beheld and saw 
the engravings thereon." Several other wit- 
nesses certified that Joseph Smith, the trans- 
lator, had shown them the plates, which had 
the appearance of gold, and "as many of the 
plates as said Smith had translated they did 
handle with their hands; and they also saw 
the engravings thereon, and they all appeared 
to be ancient workmanship." Doubtless these 
witnesses were all in the conspiracy. 

Many of the early followers of Mormonism 
were anxious to see the plates which formed 
the very groundwork of their faith. In an- 
swer to such requests the Pro])het adroitly 
stated that they could not be seen by the car- 
nal eye, but must be spiritually discerned: 
that the power to see them depended upon 
faith, and could only be obtained through fast- 
ing, prayer, mortification of the flesh and exer- 
cise of the spirit, promising that it he saw . 
the evidences of a strong and lively faith in 
any of his followers, they should be gratified 
in their curiosity. Many other very curious 
and interesting incidents might be cited, show- 
ing how Smith worked uiwn the feelings and 
sentimentality of his numerous followers. Many 
of his disciples spoke in an outlandish gibber- 
ish, which they called "the unknown tongue." 
Others acted as interpreters of this jargon; 
for it rarely happened that those thus gifted 
of tongue were able to understand their own 
communications. Many also pretended to per- 
form miracles by the laying on of hands and 
by faith in prayer; and there are. in this day 
and generation, many who pretend to cure dis- 
eases and do other miraculous works, who are 
not Mormons. 

The main body of Mormons settled in the 
neighborhood of Nauvoo, Hancock County, this 
State, although there were a few in McDon- 
ough County who were thoroughly imbued with 



7o8 



HISTORY OF McDOXOUGH COL"XTY. 



this strange religion. One of the noteworthy 
converts in this county was George Miller, 
who, in 1843, was a well-to-do farmer of Ma- 
comb, and a member of- the Presbyterian 
Church. At that time he resided in a house 
which stood at the corner of East Carroll and 
North Randolph Streets, on the present site 
of the Jolly House. Becoming interested in th.» 
Mormon doctrine, he visited Nauvoo for the 
purpose of getting light upon the subject, and 
upon his return said he was not very favorably 
impressed with the people, except with Joe 
Smith, the Prophet; he would like to hear the 
Prophet preach, and suggested to the citizens 
of Macomb that, if they had any desire to lis- 
ten to him, he would have Smith talk to them. 

It is not known, whether Joe Smith actually 
did preach to the people of Macomb; but Mr. 
Miller was soon afterward a regular member 
of the Mormon Church. Soon after his visit 
to Nanvoo he was picking blackberries in the 
woods where Bardolph now stands, when sud- 
denly he threw up his hands screaming and 
fell to the ground in a swoon. He was taken 
to his home and placed in bed, continuing to 
rave for a period of forty-eight hours, when he 
was relieved through bleeding and calomel, 
his physician being Dr. J. B. Kyle. Next day 
two men on horseback rode up to the Square 
and accosting William Hamilton, late of Bush- 
nell, inquired for the residence of George 
Miller. Being directed to the house, they rode 
over, entered the residence, knelt by the bed- 
side of the sick man and prayed aloud. At 
the conclusion of their prayers they arose, 
laid their hands upon him, and repeatedly ad- 
monished him to have faith. In a few mo- 
ments thereafter he became calm and arose 
from his bed, and the next day announced to 
his friends that he was thoroughly cured, 
though a little weak. On the next day Mr. 
Miller was baptized into the Church of Latter 
Day Saints, in Crooked Creek, north of town, 
and in a few days thereafter moved to Nauvoo 
and became a leader among the Mormon peo- 
ple. Of course, it is not known to this day 
how much of connivance there was in the 
above narrated episode of sudden sickness and 
"miraculous" cure. 

For several years much agitation and bad 
blood were engendered in McDonough and oth- 
er counties against the Mormons, who, as they 
grew in strength, became more arrogant, hold 



ing that as ' the earth was the Lord's and the 
fullness thereof" and they were his peculiar 
people, therefore the Gentiles were entitled to 
few of the fruits. This doctrine led to consid- 
erable trouble between the Saints and those 
who did not accept their faitn. Much stock 
disappeared from all parts of the county and 
much of it was traced to the Holy City; but 
even when found it was exceedingly difficult 
to regain possession of it. 

Under a provision of the city charter of 
Nauvoo, it was enacted that no writ issued from 
without the city for the arrest of any of its 
citizens should be recognized within Its lim- 
its without an approval endorsed thereon by 
the Mayor; that if any public officer, by vir- 
tue of a foreign writ, should attempt to make 
an arrest In the city without such approval 
of his process, he should be subject to im- 
prisonment for life, and that even the Gover- 
nor of Illinois should not have the power of 
pardoning the offender without the consent of 
the Mayor of Nauvoo. If an attempt was made 
to obtain property by writ of replevin, wit- 
nesses innumerable could always be obtained 
to promptly swear it belonged to sowie Mormon 
claimant. 

This high-handed disregard of the rights of 
persons, property and the constitutional rights 
of the Commonwealth, soon led to serious con- 
sequences. The citizens of Hancock County 
submitted to the outrage until patience ceased 
to be a virtue, whereupon they appealed to 
Governor Ford tor aid. This assistance was 
requested more especially, on account of the 
failure to arrest Joe Smith and other leading 
Mormons for engaging in a riot and destroy- 
ing the office of an Anti-Mormon paper. A 
warrant was issued at Carthage and served 
upon them; whereupon they were taken before 
the Municipal Court of Nauvoo, on a writ of 
habeas corpus, and promptly discharged from 
custody on the 2d of June, 1844. 

When Governor Ford arrived at Carthage 
he found an armed force assembled and hourly 
increasing in numbers, composed of men from 
Hancock, McDonough and Schuyler Counties. 
He immediately placed all under military com- 
mand of their proper officers, and ordered 
tjie Mormon leaders to send a committee to lay 
their side of the question before him. In the 
meantime the Governor had learned, from 
information gained on the ground, that the 



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HISTORY OF McDc^xorcii CorXTV 



70C) 



Common Council of Nauvoo had violated tlie 
law in assuming the exercise of judicial power; 
in |)roceeding ex parte, without notice to the 
owners of the newspaper property; in proceed- 
ing against the property, in rem : in not call- 
ing a jury and in not swearing witnesses; in 
not giving the owners of the property accused 
of being a nuisance (in consequence of being 
libelous) an opportunity of giving the truth in 
evidence, and, in fact, in not proceeding by 
civil suit, or indictment, as in other cases of 
libel; finally, that "the Mayor violated the law 
in ordering the erroneous and absurd judg- 
ment of the Common Council to be executed, 
and the municipality erred in discharging them 
(the leaders) from arrest." 

The result of the various conferences with 
the Governor was that Smith and some of the 
other Mormon leaders agreed to surrender and 
stand trial at Carthage, under assurance of 
protection. Again, quoting from "Ford's His- 
tory of Illinois: 

"On the 23d or 24th of .Tune Joseph Smith, 
the Mayor of Nauvoo, together with his broth- 
er Hyrum and all the members of the Council, 
surrendered to the constable on charge of riot. 
They voluntarily entered into a recognizance 
before the Justice of the Peace for their ap- 
pearance at court to answer the char.ge, and 
all were discharged from custody except Jo- 
seph and Hyrum Smith, against whom the 
magistrate had issued a new writ on a com- 
plaint of treason. They were immediately ar- 
rested by the constable on this charge, and 
retained in his custody to answer it. The 
overt act of treason charged against them con- 
sisted in the alleged levying of war against the 
State by declaring martial law in Nauvoo, and 
in ordering out the Legion to resist the posse 
comitatus. 

After the Smiths had been arrested on the 
new charge of treason, the Justice of the 
Peace postponed the examination because 
neither of the parties was prepared for trial. 
In the meantime he committed them to the 
jail of the county at Carthage, for greater se- 
curity. A great desire was manifested on the 
part of the militia, especially from this county. 
to see Joseph Smith, the head of the Mor- 
mons. On the morning of June 27th, under 
guard of the Carthage Grays, commanded by 
Captain R. F. Smith (afterward Colonel of 
the Sixteenth Illinois Infantry in the Civil 



War), the Mormon leader was marched 
around the Public Square and then taken back 
to jail. The Governor then disbanded the prin- 
cipal part of tne militia, placed the Carthage 
Grays as a guard around the jail, and proceed- 
ed to Nauvoo lor the purpose of exerting his 
influence with the Mormons in favor of peace. 
The volunteers from McDonough County im- 
mediately returned home, leaving Carthage 
about 2 o'clock p. m. About 4 o'clock of the 
same day the Governor was in Nauvoo, coun- 
seling obedience to the law and finally called 
for a vote of the Mormon crowd as to whether 
his advice should be followed. They voted to 
be law-abiding citizens. A short time before 
sundown he started on his return to Carthage 
and had proceeded about two miles, when he 
was met by two men — one of them a Mormon 
— who informed him that the Smiths were 
killed. After ordering the two men under ar- 
rest he hastened on to Carthage. (For the 
Governor's details of the entire transaction, 
see "Ford's History of Illinois." On pages 353- 
3,To he relates the account of the murder.) 

It would appear that, agreeable to previous 
orders, the posse at Warsaw had marched, on 
the 27th of June, in the direction of Golden's 
Point, with a view of joining the force from 
Carthage. The whole body then marched into 
Nauvoo, while about two hundred of these 
men. many of them being disguised by black- 
ening their faces with i)0wder and smearing 
them with mud. hastened to Carthage. En- 
camping at some distance from the village, 
they soon learned that most of the militia 
had been disbanded, that the Carthage Grays 
were stationed in the Public Square, a hundred 
and fifty yards from the jail, and that eight 
of the force, under Sergeant Franklin A. Wor 
rell. had been detailed to guard the prisoners. 
.\ communication was soon established between 
the conspirators and the company, and it was 
arranged that the guards should have their 
guns charged with blank cartridges and fire 
at the assailants when they attempted to en- 
ter the jail. General Deming, who had been 
left in command, being deserted by some of 
his troops and perceiving the arrangement 
which had been made with tne others, for fear 
of his life retired from the village. The way 
being clear, the conspirators advanced, jumped 
the slight fence around the jail, were fired 
upon by the harmless guards, who were quick- 



710 



HISTORY OF AIcDOXOUGH COUNTY. 



ly overpowered, and entered the jail to the 
door of the room where the prisoners were 
confined, with two of their friends who volun- 
tarily bore them company. An attempt was 
made to break open the door, but before this 
could be accomplished, .Joseph Smith, who had 
))een armed with a six-barreled pistol, fired sev- 
eral times and wounded three of the assail- 
ants. Before the door was forced open, sev- 
eral shots were fired into the room, Hyrum 
Smith being instantly killed and John Taylor, 
one of his friends, receiving several wounds. 
Joseph Smith attempted to escape by jumping 
out of a second-story window on the east side 
of the jail; but at his appearance he was shot 
and tell to the ground dead. 

Henry Bristow, now a resident of Macomb, 
was one of the militia from McDonough Coun- 
ty, and when his company was discharged by 
the Governor, he accepted the invitation of a 
friend in Carthage to stay over ni?ht, as 
"there would be fun." He remained and was 
a witness to the stirring events of the even- 
ing, and still has a very vivid recollection of 
all that occurred, in great measure confirming 
the account as above set forth. But few, if 
any, of the actual participants are yet alive. 

Thus fell Joe Smith, one of the most suc- 
cessful impostors of modern times; a man, 
who, though ignorant and coarse, had many 
great natural parts which eminently fitted 
him for temporary success. That his was a 
brutal and premeditated murder is not denied 
at this day. Neither was the end of the as- 
sassins gained, as the Mormons did not evacu- 
ate Nauvoo for two years thereafter. In the 
meantime the excitement and prejudice against 
this people were not allowed to die. Horse 
stealing was quite common, and every case 
of such theft was ascribed to the Mormons. 
That they were in great measure responsible 
cannot be denied; but it is now known that 
much of the crime was committed by organ- 
ized bands of thieves, who knew they could 
carry on their nefarious business with more 
safety as long as suspicion could be placed 
on the Mormons. 

The Mor.mon- War. — Before the spring of 
1846 a great majority of the Mormons had left 
Nauvoo, but still a large number remained. 
The following incidents led to the ultimate 
conflict. About the time mentioned a man 



by the name of Debenheyer was killed near 
the town of Pontoosuc and buried in a ditch by 
the side of a sod fence. The murderers were 
unknown, but a number of Mormons had been 
seen in that vicinity for sometime engaged In 
riotous disturbances, and were ordered to 
leave the country. This they refused to do. One 
day while they were at work in a field, in that 
neighborhood, surrounded on three sides by 
timber, without warning they were surround- 
ed by forty or fifty Anti-Mormons, who cap- 
tured them, took them to the place where Deb- 
enheyer had been buried, stripped off their 
clothing, gave each of them thirty-nine lashes 
well laid on the bare back, and ordered them 
again to leave the country. Instead, the Mor- 
mons went to Nauvoo, reported the matter, 
and a few nights afterward, with a large 
number of others, surrounded the residence 
of Major McCauley who lived in the neigh- 
borhood, and demanded his surrender. J. W. 
Brattle, for many years Surveyor of McDon- 
ough County and well known by its older citi- 
zens, was temporarily stopping with McCaul- 
ey. Both were arrested and marched to Nau- 
voo, where they were held for several days 
and, after trial, were discharged. It was 
thought at the time that their release was 
due to the fact that several leading Mormons 
had been taken by the Gentiles and held as 
hostages. 

Sometime in 1S45 or '46 a party of Mor- 
mons started from Nauvoo in search of a 
young man, who they thought had done them 
an injury. He fled to the house of John Vance, 
living near Blandinsville, and as the Mor- 
mons were in close pursuit, jumped into bed. 
covered himself and told Mrs. Vance to tell 
the party that he was her son. Quick as a 
flash she took in the situation, and seizing a 
white handkerchief wet it and laid it over his 
head. When the Mormons arrived she re- 
quested them to be very quiet, as her son 
was in a high fever. Observing the young 
man in bed they made search as quietly as 
liossible, and then retired. The patient 
doubtless was in a high fever, for had he been 
discovered short work would have been made 
of him. 

i\bout the 1st of September, 1S46, a writ 
was issued against several leading Mormons 
and placed in the hands of John Carlin, the 
Carthage Constable, for execution. Carlin 



IllSTOKV OI' .\lrl)()\"( )L'GH COL'XTV. 



711 



called for a posse to aid him in the arrest. 
Two or three companies went from McDon- 
oiigh County to his assistance, and quite a 
force was soon gathered in the neighborhood 
of Nauvoo. Not being a military man, Carlin 
placed the posse first under General Single- 
ton, but afterward under Colonel Brockman. 
The latter proceeded to invest the city, erect- 
ing breastworks and taking other means of 
both a defensive and an offensive nature. 
What was termed a battle next took place, re- 
sulting in the death of one Mormon and the 
wounding of several others, and the mortal 
wounding of a McDonough County volunteer 
(a Pennsylvanian, then on a visit with 
friends), and the wounding of several others. 
At last, through the intervention of an anti- 
Mormon committee of one hundred citizens 
of Quincy, the Mormons and their allies were 
induced to submit to such terms as the posse 
chose to dictate — which were that the Mor- 
mons should immediately surrender their arms 
to the Quincy committee and remove from the 
State of Illinois. 

"The Mormons now realized that their time 
had come." says Ford ("History of Illinois," 
pages 423-425). "The trustees of the church 
and five of their clerks were permitted to 
remain for the sale of Mormon property, and 
the ixjsse were to march in unmolested and to 
leave a sufficient force to guarantee the per- 
formance of their stipulations. Accordingly, 
the constable's posse march in. with Brock- 
man at their head, consisting of about eight 
hundred armed men and six or seven hundred 
unarmed, who had assembled from all the 
country around, from motives of curiosity, to 
see the once proud city of Nauvoo humbled 
and delivered up to its enemies. They pro- 
ceeded into the city slowly and carefully, ex- 
amining the way for fear of the explosion of 
mines, many of which, 'twas said, had been 
made by the Mormons by burying kegs of 
powder in the ground, with a man stationed 
at a distance to pull a string communicating 
with the trigger of a percussion lock affixed 
to the keg. This contrivance was called by 
the Mormons a Hell's Half Acre. When the 
posse arrived in the city, the leaders of it 
erected themselves into a tribunal to decide 
who should be forced to leave, and who re- 
main. Parties were dispatched to hunt for 
Mormon arms and Mormons, and to bring the 



latter to judgment, where they received their 
doom from the mouth of Brockman, who sat a 
grim, unawed tyrant for the time. 

"As a general rule, the Mormons were or- 
dered to leave within an hour, or two hours; 
by rare grace some of them were allowed until 
next day, and in a few cases longer. The 
treaty specified that the Mormons only should 
be driven into exile. 

"Nothing was said in the treaty concerning 
the new citizens who had. with the Mormons, 
defended the city. But the posse had no soon- 
er obtained possession than they commenced 
expelling the new citizens. Some of them 
were ducked in the river, being in one or two 
instances act\mlly baptized in the name of the 
leaders of the mob. Others were forcibly 
driven into the ferry boats, to be taken over 
the river before the bayonets of armed ruffi- 
ans, and it is believed that the houses 
of most of them were broken open and 
their furniture stolen. Many of these 
new settlers were strangers in the country, 
from various parts of the United States, who 
were attracted thither by the low price of 
pro|)erty. and they knew but little of i)revious 
difficulties or the merits of the quarrel. They 
saw with their open eyes that the Mormons 
were industriously preparing to go away, and 
they knew of their own knowled,ge that an ef- 
fort to expel them by force was gratuitous 
and unnecessary cruelty." 

Thus ended the so-called Mormon War. Al- 
though the suffering among the Mormons was 
great — caused by their sudden departure to a 
new country, where prejudice had preceded 
them — yet they persevered, and after many 
weary months and years, they succeeded in the 
establishment of one of the finest and rich- 
est cities in the West, and founded a State 
inhabited by a frugal, industrious and thrifty 
jjeople. However much they may be wrong 
in regard to their religious belief, their seem- 
ing faith in their doctrines shows a stalwart 
belief worthy of a better cause, and now that 
over half a century has passed since the stir- 
ring events above recorded, Nauvoo and the 
Carthage jail have become a veritable Mecca 
and Medina to the Mormon Church through- 
out the world. 

The jail in Carthage, where the Smiths 
were murdered, seems to be especially the ob- 
ject of the Mormons' tender care. It now be- 



•12 



HISTORY OF McDOXOL'GH COUNTY. 



longs to the Church of Jesus Christ of the 
Latter Day Saints, and to enable this history 
to place on record the particulars of its pur- 
chase, special obligations are here acknowl- 
edged to Hon. Charles J. Scofield, of Carthage, 
who himself executed the transfer papers. His 
account follows: "The old jail is located on 
Lots 4 and 5, Block f>. Original Town (now 
city) of Carthage, being one block north and 
about two blocks west of the Public Square. 
Mrs. Eliza M. Browning owned the premises 
for thirty years or more, selling the same on 
November 4, 1903, for |4,000 and making deed 
of that date thereof to Joseph F. Smith, as 
trustee in trust of the Church of Jesus Christ 
of Latter Day Saints, residing at the city and 
county of Salt Lake, in the State of Utah, and 
his successors in ofBce and assigns forever. 
The premises are occupied at present by J. 
A. Califf, who was our Superintendent of 
Schools for twelve years, under a lease from 
the grantee. 

"Mrs. Browning is the widow of James M. 
Browning, for six years County Treasurer and 
one of our best and most highly respected 
citizens, who died in the spring of 1903. On 
account of friendship existing between the 
families and church affiliation, Mr. Browning 
had me prepare the deed, and the same was 
acknowledged In my office. A man named 
Woodruff represented the trustee of the 
. Church of Jesus Christ of the Latter Day 
Saints in this transaction. I think he was 
from Chicago — a representative of Mormon 
evangelization in that city. He was a man 
of pleasing address, intelligent, rather quiet 
in his demeanor, and seemingly well posted in 
the work he had in hand. The premises are 
occupied exclusively for residence purposes. 
Mormon representatives have been evangeliz- 
ing in this community during the last year or 
two — with what success am unable to state. 
As to present condition of Nauvoo, I would 
say that there are but slight vestiges of Mor- 
mon days to be found there, and very few 
Mormons, as I understand the matter. The 
population of the town is mostly German. It 
is a beautiful site for a city, the Mississippi 
River making a half circle at that point, and 
thus partly enclosing the site. It is a very 
good town tor a place of its size, and its citi- 
zens are ordinarily quiet and attentive to busi- 
ness." 



It might here be stated that a portion of the 
capital of one of the columns supporting the 
front of the Temple, showing the usual sun- 
burst and angel face, with blowing horn, was 
but recently in possession (and may still be) 
of Hon. Louis Kaiser, at Bushnell, 111. The 
writer has seen a similar fragment in the yard 
of the old State House, at Springfield, and 
so far as known, these relics are about all 
that is intact of the Nauvoo Temple. 

The following account of the last scene in 
the life of the Smiths is given by the Hon. 
William R. Hamilton, now over eighty years 
of age and still living in Carthage, together 
with photograph of the jail and plats of its 
interior. Mr. Hamilton was a young man at 
the time, and these stirring events, which 
made a deep impression on him, had been 
carefully recorded, and for many years he 
had in contemplation the publication of them 
in some form. Personal obligations are there- 
fore acknowledged to him for his interesting 
and authentic statement, with which is closed 
the account of Mormonism in Nauvoo and Car- 
thage: 

Mr. H.'vMILtox's St.\temext. — "I will give 
you a short description of the killing of the 
Smith's as I saw it done on June 27, 1844. Gov- 
ernor Ford issued his order disbanding the 
troops early in the morning, and all had left 
for home by 11 o'clock except the Carthage 
Grays, whom he had retained to guard the 
Smiths, and the Augusta Dragoons, who ac- 
companied him to Nauvoo. (The town was 
at first called Commerce.) The Smiths were 
taken from my father's hotel to the jail, and 
placed in the jailor's sleeping room under 
guard of an officer of the Carthage Grays, with 
six men who were relieved by a new detail 
at noon. 

"The Smiths being upstairs, the guards took 
their station on the front steps and in the hall 
below. It was a warm day; windows and doors 
all open; not a lock, bolt, or even a latch, was 
upon the door to the room where the Smiths 
were. They had with them as companions, 
Elders John Taylor and Willard Richards. 
.About 11 o'clock Captain Smith ordered E. S. 
Rand and me to take a large field glass and 
go to the cupola of the Court House, and keep 
watch for and see if we could discover any 
body of men approaching the town from any 



i 




£^- 




HISTORY Ol" .\hI)().\"()L"GH COLWTV 



713 



direction, but especially from the west. About 
4 o'clock p. m. we discovered quite a large 
number of men congregating on the prairie, 
about two miles from the town and just be- 
hind the point of timber a little northwest. 
Our orders were that, on discovering anything 
we should at once privately report to him, and 
to no one else. Rand went with the report to 
the Captain, ana was ordered to return to his 
post, and to keep a close watch and see if 
any of the men came through the timber and 
approached toward town or jail: if so, we 
were not to give an alarm, but to make report 
to him only. 

"About 4:45 P. M. we discovered them com- 
ing out of the timber on foot, and starting 
toward the jail at a quick stei). They were 
in single file, north of the old rail fence, and 
out of sight from an.vone on the ground. They 
numbered at least one hundred, and perhaps 
one hundred and fifty, and were carrying their 
guns at trail and ajiparently as much out of 
sight as possible. We immediately tried to 
report, but could not find the Captain and did 
not, until the mob had reached the jail and 
commenced their work. Then the call to arms 
was given, but delays of all sorts prevented 
a quick formation of the comjiany. so that it 
did not reach the jail until the work for which 
the mob came had been accom|)lished and the 
latter were at a safe distance. 

"When the first firing was heard, I felt that 
if I waited for the company I would not see 
anything: so immediately, without orders, I 
started for the jail on the run. and got there 
just as Joe Smith came to the window and 
was shot He fell out. striking the ground on 
his left side, his head toward the north. One 
of the mob went up to him and said 'He is 
dead, boysl' With that, the mob immediately 
left, in a quick but orderly manner, in the di- 
rection whence they came. Smith was not 
shot, maltreated, or molested in any manner 
after he fell out of the window, and all such 
stories by Mormons, or anyone else, are ab- 
solutely false. 

"I went up to Smith while the mob was 
there, and saw that he was dead; then thought 
that I would go into the jail and see what 
had taken place there. I found Hyrum Smith 
dead, lying on his back on the floor, toward the 
east side of tne room with his head in that 
direction. One of the men in the hall had 



shot him by placing his gun against the door 
panel and shooting through it, the ball strik- 
ing Smith in the left breast, wnen he fell back- 
ward and lay in the position in which I found 
him. I was the first person to enter the room 
after he was killed. No one was there, and 
no one came while I was there. Richards, 
who had escaped being shot, had just carried 
Taylor out and taken him into the cell depart- 
ment. After I had satisfied my boyish curi- 
osity. I went down, and started for home to 
tell what 1 had seen. As I was going home 
and when about a block away. I met the com- 
pany going toward the jail. 

"It was then in good formation, marching in 
good time, with guns properly at shoulder 
and flag flying, as if on dress parade, or ready 
for business. But as none remained to be 
done at that late hour, a detail, or guard, was 
left, and the company returned to quarters. 
|)ut away their guns, and ail but four of its 
members broke for the tall timber before the 
sun arose next day. Xone of them were in 
the plot — no indeed! 

"Upon going home I found our house full of 
excited neighbors. I told my little story to 
them, which seemed to add fuel to the flames. 
They had heard the reiwrts of the guns, and 
some of them had relatives in the company, 
who they feared had been shot. I was able 
to assure them that none of the soldiers had 
been hurt, and that none but the Smiths had 
been killed. Then began the talk that as soon 
as the Saints found out that the Smiths had 
been killed, the Xauvoo Legion and Danite 
Hand would raid the town, and all would be 
killed and quartered, or burned at the stake. 
Soon a Coroner's jury was impaneled and held 
an inquest. 

"My father took a team, went to the jail 
and removed the bodies, together with Taylor, 
to the hotel; had rough pine boxes made, in 
which they were placed, and the next morn- 
ing went with the coffins to Xauvoo — he taking 
one. and William and Samuel Smith (brothers) 
the other. That night the town was almost 
deserted, only four families being left in it — 
father's. Fred boring's. Abram Baker's, and a 
widow with a sick child. Such was the hurry 
to get away from Carthage that many left doors 
and windows open, which gave I..oring and me 
quite a job to go around and shut gates, doors 
and windows. By night a few of the men 



■14 



HISTORY OF McDOXOUGH COUXTV. 



came straggling back, and in three or four 
days most iiad returned. 

"After the Smiths were l^illed, the county 
officers, being afraid that the town would be 
raided by the Mormons and the records burned, 
got father to send me with a team and take 
them away. I'd tell all would be a long and 
interesting story; but. in short. I went, having 
with me David E. Head and a Mormon girl who 
was living with Backenstos, the Circuit Clerk 
and Recorder. We had every valuable record 
and paper of all the county offices in the one 
load (could hardly do the job now). We took 
them to an old sugar camp, about eight miles 
east of town on the land of Thomas H. Owen, 
where I left them in charge of Head and re- 
turned home, arriving a little after sunset to 
find the town deserted and father and the 
Smiths preparing to start for Nauvoo with the 
bodies of the Smiths. I wanted to go: but fa- 
ther and mother said no, that I had been out 
all night, and that was enough; so it had to 
be. 

"I might relate more of the scenes of those 
days; but I think it would be of little use now — 
of the' raid of Backenstos on Carthage, with his 
three hundred Mormons, at a later date; of the 
burying of the cannon, to keep him from get- 
ting it (it was subsequently unearthed by .1. 
D. Hainline and George Head and taken to 
McDonough County, where, after remaining 
some years, it was called for by the United 
States Government in 1861; and that was the 
, last of "Emma" ) ; of the celebrated battle of 
Nauvoo (in which, by the way, I took part); 
of the stealing of the General's whisky jug. 
and the treating of our company from it upon 
our return to camp after the battle was over: 
of our triumphant entry into the sacred city: 
of our capture of prisoners (none of whom 
were taken to Babylon), and starting them 
on their journey westward — but it is much eas- 
ier to think them over than to write about 
them. I have, of late years, thought that I have 
not received my just dues; the Government 
has never said pension to me — badly treated! 
"W. R. Hamilton." 

Mr. Hamilton also gives a few items relative 
to the methods of the Mormons which had 
much to do in inflaming the minds of citizens 
against them. One Sunday afternoon in 1841, 
he was present at Nauvoo when Brigham 



Young preached from the text, "The earth is the 
Lord's, and the fulness thereof belongeth to 
His people." A long pause followed the an- 
nouncement of the text and then he added: 
"We are His people. We will appropriate to 
our use that which the Lord has so bountifully 
placed before us; and here is what we will de- 
fend ourselves with" (taking from his pocket 
a pistol, and laying it on the pulpit before him). 
One can imagine what kind of a sermon fol- 
lowed. Mr. Hamilton remarks: "Just such 
harangues as he made were the means of incit- 
ing the Mormons to lawlessness and inflaming 
the minds of the people against them. No Mor- 
mon was ever persecuted in tnis county on ac- 
count of his religion, but on account of his 
acts following the advice of the Prophet, Patri- 
arch, Elders and leaders, who, as a rule, were 
fortune hunters and unprincipled men. I do 
not mean to say that the Mormons were all 
bad people, for they were not; but at times 
they were religious fanatics and thought the 
Prophet and the leaders could do no wrong. 
I saw and knew by sight nearly all the leading 
Mormons, many of whom were frequently in 
Carthage and stopped at father's hotel; and, 
with few exceptions, they were quite as well 
behaved people as could be found. There are 
some yet living in the county who came in the 
Mormon era, who are good citizens and have 
never been disturbed on account of their reli- 
gion. Political treachery, disregard of law, and 
unlawful use of the writ of habeas corpus, as 
practiced by the Mormons at Nauvoo, caused 
the great trouble in this county, and incensed 
the entire people against them." 

Then and during the more troublous times, 
there were Anti-Mormons — termed Gentiles — 
who at favorable opportunities delivered them- 
selves of their opinions. The following is a 
short specimen of these speeches, delivered at 
a school exhibition in the spring of 1846 by 
Mr. Hamilton himself, who says his sentiments 
have not changed to any great extent: 

"I rise not to plead the cause of the perse- 
cutor, or to calumniate religion. The first I 
deem the author of bigotry and ignorance: the 
last I revere as the highest gift of God to man. 
The history of the world affords many exam- 
ples of tyranny, wickedness and cruelty prac- 
ticed by unprincipled men under the pretended 
authority of religion — the lewd and lascivious 
libertine; the low and vulgar blackguard: the 




^^^.\n.^^i^ 



nrST(^RV OF McDOXOL-GH COL-.\TV. 



heartless tyrant; the despoiler of innocent vir- 
tue: the pusilianinious I<nave and coward; the 
darlt and blacl^-hearted hypocrite, whose only 
ambition was the gratification of his own base 
appetites and passions! 

"Of whom do I now spealv? I hear the an- 
swer echo from these walls; it is the Mormon 
Prophet! Without a redeeming qualification 
of character; vice, the predominant of his com- 
position; ignorance, impudence and sacrilege, 
his ruling characteristics. He ran an ephem- 
eral race of ignominious fame. He had brought 
penury, disgrace and ruin upon thousands of 
his disciples. He had degraded and debased 
innocent virtue. He had assailed the freedom 
of speech and liberty of the press. He had es- 
tablished a tyranny unparalleled in modern 
ages, which was destined to be maintained 
only by the arms of his deluded followers. His 
cup of iniquity was full. The vengeance of an 
excited and injured populace sealed his career 
of tyranny, oppression, wickedness and imposi- 
tion, and the memory of his career and his 
reign will go despised to their native oblivion." 

We here close the discussion of this subject. 
The preceding history has been presented with 
the desire to leave on record, as nearly as pos- 
sible, a truthful statement of the career of 
the Mormon peo|)le in Illinois — especially as 
most of the i)articipants in the events of that 
period have passed into the realm of the Be- 
yond. 

Mkmrebs ok the C.Mni[.\(iK Gr.\y.s (1844). — 
Following is the muster roll of the Carthage 
Grays, in 1844, at the time that Joseph and 
Hyrum Smith were killed: 

Captain— Robert F. Smith. 

First-Lieutenant— Samuel O. Williams. 

Second-Uleutenant— Franklin A. Worrell. 

Thlrd-Lleutenant— Thomas L. Morrison. 

Ensigrn— Louis C". Stevenson. 

Orderly-Sergeant— Eli H. Williams. 

Non-Commissloned Officers and Privates— Crock- 
ett Wilson. Claibourn Wilson. John Wilson. Moses 
Printy. Thomas L Dale. William E. Baldwin. Ed- 
win B. Baldwin. Frank Rhodes, Albert N. Thomp- 
son. .Joseph W. Hawley. .-Mexander Moore. Thomas 
B. Griffith. Ellis Hughes. .Marvin M. Hamilton. 
William R. Hamilton. Ebenezer Rand. E. S. Rand. 
John Morrison, .\lexander Sympson. Walter Bagby. 
Charles Bagby. Frederick Lorlng. Mike Barnes. 
Jr.. James t>. Barnes. William Conley. Jonas Ho- 
bert. Levi Street. Harlow Street. James C. Mc- 
Quarry. John H. Lawton. Ezra Fav. Benjamin F. 

Easterbrook, Symonds and James H. 

Carothers. 

McDoxovGH CofNTV Troops i.\ the Mokmo.v 
W.vB. — The following constitute* a complete 



roster of the troops from McDonough County, 
who were enlisted and participated in the so- 
called Mormon War. While but few of them 
survive, with but rare exceptions their descend- 
ants of the second and third generations are 
residents of this county, or adjoining sections 
of the State. It is therefore deemed but proper, 
as a matter of local history, that these names 
should be enrolled as pioneers and protectors 
of their homes and families. The list is taken 
from the roll of the Paymaster, Captain Wil- 
liam H. Randolph, on which was found record- 
ed the amounts paid each officer and private, 
with the receipts for the same. The names 
follow : 

Colonel— E. B. Root. 

I..ieii tenant-Colon el— Levi Warren. 

Major — V. E. Remington. 

Surgeon — Dr. H. G. Avre. 

.Vdjutant— S. MoFarland. 

Sergeant-Major— H. Gilfrey. 

Quartermaster-Sergeants— Thomas Gilfrey. Wil- 
liam Duncan. 

Wagoner— Joseph Shnte. 

Captains — 
Charles Creel. James M. Wilson. 

A. P. Smith. Charles W. Waddill. 

W. S. Hendricks, Vandever Banks, 

Samuel C. Hogan, William I. Pace. 

F. D. Lipe. B. Maxwell. 

John Long. W. F. Blandin. 

Thomas Davis, J. L. N. Hall. 



Lieutenants- 
Joseph .Crawford. 
J. L. Ross. 
Harry R. Holden, 
Thomas Shippey. 
John R. Edmonston. 
Milton L. Archer. 
Thomas Mustain. 
William Edmonston. 
Janii's H. Palmer. 
William B. Clarke. 
Phili-tus Rice. 
Johalhan L. Berry. 
George C. Vest. 
V. M. Hardin, 
Peter McClure, 

Privates— 
Henrv Thompson. 
John W. Clarke. 
Silas Creel. 
William Brooking. 
Levi Hampton, 
John Creel. 
G. E. Robinson, 
David Hogsett, 
E. Brooking. 
James R. Simpson, 
Ross Panan. 
James Kepple. 
Hugh Ervln. 
D. M. Crabb. 
William Hamilton, 
Thomas Davis. 
George Nicolas. 
J. H. Michael. 
Valentine Clayton, 
R. McClure. 
William Stevens, 
John Crawford. 
.Andrew Walker. 
Ephralm Banning, 
P. Hamilton, 



Perrv Langtord. 
I. C. Webb. 
John Baker. 
John Smith. 
H. H. Burr. 
Patrick Langhlln. 
Richard Bright well. 
\. L. Twyman 
.■\bsolom Parker. 
Bethel Owen. 
J. C. D. Carmack. 
.\ndrew -Alison, 
John C. Webb. 

A. Dorothy. 
Harrison Hungate, 
Joseph P. Gales. 

B. T. Gibson. 
Robert Black. 
James Rasor. 
ICdmond Mavlor, 
Hugh Black. 
Samuel Mct^lure. 
William S. Bailey. 
Edmond Barber. 
John McCormick. 
Shad. Campbell. 
Benjamin Stephen, 
Robert Barber. 
Thomas Dungan. 
George W. Mitchell, 
Francis Wayland, 
Francis Rice, 
Travis Miller. 

J. J. Wyatt. 
.\nilrew Allison. 
.\nderson Cannon. 
Henry Perry. 
John Fletcher. 
Joseph Ballev. 
Elijah Stephens. 
John Barrett. 
William Gahagan, 



7i6 



HISTORY OF .McDOXOUGH COUNTY 



D. R. Hamilton. 

W. M. McCartney, 

Wiley M. Sloan, 

O. H. Caplev. 

C. W. Dunsworth. 

Lewis Mourning, 

A. Stephens, 

Thomas J. Hunt, 

AVilliam Boyd, 

Edmond Bean, 

J- J. Lower. 

James Chamberlain, 

Isaac Bacon. 

Eliphate Jarvis. 

William B. Baker, 

G. S. Hainline, 

R. J. Scott, 

John S. Wilson, 

H. H. McGee. 

James Dye. 

Stephen White, 

W. W. Clayton, 

Silas Parker. 

James Stroud, 

James Wilson, 

John Rollins. 

J. W. Walker. 

Samuel McCarey, 

George Head, 

A. G. Hainline. 

Jacob Stickle. 

J. Mitchell. 

J. H. Head. 
Harper McCandless, 
John S. Campbell, 
John Snapp. 
Jonathan Palmer, 
Garrett Bonham, 
G. Vanhowten, 
George W. Wade, 
Durham Creel, 
Nicolas Bowman, 
Calvin Canote. 
Thomas K. Waddle, 
Charles Kepple, 
John Bishop. 
John Stokes. 
John M. Jackson, 
Michael Harris, 
George Boothe, 
William Stewart, 
S. A. Hunt. 
Patrick Arber. 
Richard Musson, 
Joseph Riley. 
Shad Goan. 
Peter Dye, 
Thomas" White, 
Luke Prentice, 
Levi Done. 
William Stroud, 
J. L, Cross, 
J. M. Head, 
William B. Head. 
Robert Garheart, 
A. J. Walker, 
Eli Campbell. 
William Lower. 
Samuel M. Not. 
A. Fulkerson. 
William B. Clarke, 
A. D. McBride, 
George Painter, 
Samuel Bland, 
J. B. Stapp. 
Orin Chatterton. 
Michael Youst. 
G. W. Eyres. 
Nathan Hainline. 
Samuel Clarke. 
Nelson Montgomery 
C. W. Fulkerson. 
Hugh McDonough, 
Jonathan Parker, 
Asa Decker, 
Andrew Jackson, 



T. B. McCormick, 
John E. Jackson. 
George W. Neece. 
James Perrv. 

A. H. Rutledge. 
Joseph Haines. 
John W. Fugate. 
Thomas Shoopman. 
Edward Dixon. 

B. B. Edmondson. 
Thomas E. Smedlev. 
Caleb Husted. 

H. V. Craig. 
Robert Clugston. 
G. W. Shoopman, 
John Wilson. Jr., 

C. Pruit. 

J. C. Vawter. 

Russell Riggs. 

John Nankeville. 

Charles Patrick. 

Nathan Dunsworth. 

Thomas Hunt. 

Arch. Holstein. 

Washington Owens. 

Samuel Dark. 

J. Q. McClure. 

Robert Hall. 

William Parks. 

Peter Riggs. 

Nlmrod Duskili. 

Jacob ^^'aimac. 

John I. Foster. 

John Crisp. 

James McPeters. 

J. J. Mathews. 

William Ellis. 

William W. McCormick. 

Zoel Wayland. 

Thomas Allison. 

G. C. Lane. 

Jesse Neece. 

Alexander Provine, 

Jacob Massingill, 

Boston Seybold, 

Israel Camp. Jr.. 

William J. Despain, 

Jonathan Comar. 

Nathan Scott. 

William Lovely, 

L. M. Hobart." 

George Hume. 

David Scott. 

Isaac Fugate. 

Jacob Morgan. 

Jacob S. Mathews. 

B. Mason. 

John G. Stoneking, 

J. J. Smedley. 

John Bundridge. 

Samuel Calvin. 

John McCoy. 

Carroll Lane. 

William Venard. 

William T. Wells, 

^Villiam Shannon. 

John E. Riggs. 

William Thompson. 

M. C. Archer. 

James Dunsworth, 

Amos Gibson. 

Robert McCumsev. 

John Patrick. 

John Ferguson. 

Robert Archer. 

G. A. Tayl. 

George Venard. 

John B. Case. 

James C. Archer. 

William W. Wilson, 

A. J. Edmondson, 

William Owens, 

Samuel Wilson. 

Hugh B. Smilev. 

John Monk. 

N. B. Hardin, 



B. 'O'hittingtnr.. 
\\'illiam Badgor. 

John C. Conan;s, 

Ambrose G. Owen, 

Lewis Scalf, 

Charles Jackson, 

David Kepple. 

John Badger. 

William Grafton. 

Matthew Framel, 

B. B. Jackson, 

D. Bovd. 

John Tidwell. 

Josiah Ralston, 

Isaac Garrett, 

Isaac Smith, 

H. Melton. 

Bird Smith. 

Joseph D. Wear. 

Andrew D. V. ear, 

Augustus Lillard, 

David Jenkins. 

John Kennedv, 

John Hill. 

Nicholas Jarvis. 

Isaac Welch, 

V. A. Cadwell. 

J. R. Welch. 

H. J. Averill. 

William Carmack, 

William Walker, 

N. B. Wooley, 

Othias DeHaven. 

Jessie Hainline. 

John Logan. Jr.. 

Henry Martin. 

William Hard^.=;ty, 

James Sevbold. 

E. T. Monarch. 

Jacob Hutchison. 

C. C. Hungate. 

Frank Clarke, 

S. H. Gillian, 

William Owens, 
David Badger, 
Allen Porter, 
Elias Clem, 
Thomas JacUson, 
\Mlliam Gibson, 
C. McDonough, 
Nathaniel Barker. 
James Moore. 
George Crossier. 
Peter McDonough. 
R. G. King. 
Roswell Tyrreil. 
Ladwick Courier. 
C. G. Gilchrist. 
^^'illiam Ervin, 
James Rigdon. 
Isham Rigdon. 
John Smith. 
H. Garrett. 
Henry Garrett, 
Allen Melton, 
John B. Wear, 
W. Melton. 
Nathan Stephens. 
James Hendricks. 
Reuben Alexander. 
Solomon Kennedy. 
Levi Sawyer. 
Isaac Howell. 
N. C. Averill. 
G. W. Welch. 
Jefferson Welch. 
John James. 
Moses Stookev, 
« Ruf us Botts. 
James Williams. 
James Dorouthv. 
Hiram Hainline. 
William Martin. 
Joshua White. 
James Milsaps. 
Henry H. Morjarch. 



Sanford Past. 
Joseph Overton. 
John I^edgerwood. 
J. H. Hughes. 
Francis McSpirit, 
J. H. Baker. 
Reuben Harris, 
D. Bristow. 
Wesley Langford. 
H. Mayhew. 
Robert Dorothy. 
J. E. Lansdown. 

D. F. Martin, 
G. G. Guv. 

J. Rollins. 
William Strikle. 
Thomas J. Caldwell, 

B. J. Welch. 
Harry Carmack, 
H. S. Head. 
William D. Mustain, 
William J. Epperson. 

E. F. Randall. 
James P. Birthland. 

C. A. Brown. 
Joseph Duncan. 
Simeon Everett, 
John Hall. 
John L. Charter. 
Redmond Grigsby. 
David Alton. 
Hugh Conner. 
William Moss. 
Philetus Charter. 
B. B. Head. 
Squire Charter. 
Samuel Dunlay, 
James Grigsby, 
John Vance, 
Alva Alton, 

John Duncan, 
Alex. McCullin. 
Norman Davis, 
N. Herrin. 
G. A. Farwell, 
Samuel Hanev, 
B. Past. 

Jasper Twichell. 
G. Hainline. 
John Pyrdy. 
Jacob Humbart. 
Smith Haines. 

A. C. Bristow. 
Daniel Duncan. 
Sylvester Ruddle. 
Preston Anderson. 
James Peak. 
Lewis Past. 
Lorenzo Twichell. 
S. Stewart. 
William Scott. 
'V^'illiam Humbert. 
Allen Bland. 
'\^'illiam \^'alker. 

B. R. Hamptor, 
Martin Miles, 
Hiram Bellew. 
Robert Kellison. 
James D. Eads, 
Nathan Ferris. 
Thomas Speaks. 
William E. Duncan, 
William Wilson. 

H. G. Woodside, 
Francis McKay, 
Henry Dorothy, 
Silas Grigsby, 
Henry Alton. 
John Hagerty. 
George Bughman. 
John Bowman. 
A. L. Bryant. 
Ephraim Hammer. 
John T. Mustain. 
James Ward. 
William Grigsby, 



HISTORY OF McDOXOUGH COUXTY. 



717 



Isaac Bogart. 
Jacob Keithlty. 
A. G. MoCord. 
William .Mrl'ord. 
Slix'um W'ooley. 
Charles Marin. 
Beta Hasklns. 
Oliver r. Smith. 
Robert Andrews. 
James F. Greenup, 
Anson Richardson. 
William Waddle, 
t.'ynis Wing. 
James McKte. 

James Fulton. 

Jonas Hushaw. 
\\'atson fhockley, 

Richard Chockley, 
William Toland. 

George AVoods. 

John Seward. 

Thomas Ballev. 

George W. Shultz. 

James H. .\tklnson, 

Jerry Sullivan. 

John Allison. 

Samuel Pallock. 

William Henley. 

Benjamin Miller. 

Gholson Lane. 

Jesse Beck. 

G. W. Coker. 

Alfred Gibson, 

William Rice. 

John Hushaw. 

Joel Pennington. 

F. C. Tomberlin. 

A. J. Cockram. 

Nathan Hayes. 

Wesley Harlan. 

William B. Peak. 

David Later. 

Jeremiah Sullivan, 

Robert L. Dark. 

Morton Pringle. 

N. Edmondson. 

D. C. Riggs. 

William H. Pringle, 

Isaac McCowen, 
John Friend. 
A. Edmondson, 
James Jarvis. 
Roily Martin. 
Moses Hasklns. 
John Caldwell. 
S. X. C. Pennington. 
Henry W. Foster. 
Thomas Richardson. 
Martin Miles. 
Robert Comer. 
Clem Rlddlck. 
John W. Lane. 
James McCurdy. 
Elam Chockley. 
Benjamin Chockley. 
Isiim J. David. 
Thomas Toland. 
Randolph Hall. 
D. Sandrldge. 
John P. Klnkade, 
Waller Scott, 
K<lmond Cave. 
James Walker. 
Nelson t^ampbell, 
T. W. Greenup. 
.Alfred Ripltow. 
Jesse James. 
Ellsha Dungan. 
William Beck. 
William Sullivan. 
James Gibson. 
Robert Smithers. 
Johnson Dower. 
Lewis Springer, 



Isaac Harris. 
John Huston. 
John L. Gordon. 
John Gilfrev. Sr., 
John T. Gil'frey, 
C. A. Law'son. 
N. Montgomery. 
T. B. Maury. 
Merritt A. Russell, 
G. W. Smith. 
R. H. Broaddus. 
Joshua Conrad. 
Thomas Pickett. 
J. P. Head. 
Manva Perry. 
J. P. I'pdeg'raft. 
John Lowry. 
Andrew Lewis. 
T. M. Luster. 

B. F. Martin. 
N. McElraith. 
W, H. Kvle. 
William S. Hail. 
William H. Phelps. 
William B. Godon. 
J. B. Mct'artnev. 

C. W. Dallam. 
P. H. Walker. 
William L. Broaddus. 
Joseph Long. 

S. S. Whitmire, 

J. M. Martin. 

James Cannon. 

David Lawson. 

William H. Randolph, 

W. H. Kendrick. 

T. J. Beard. 

J. E. Wyne. 

Milton Sweene.v, 

John L, .\nderson. 

C. M. Duftee. 

Thomas Adcock, 

G. W, Watt. 

Henry Towls. 

Martin Read. 

John ^\'iley. 

Marshall Rogers. 

Wesley Freeland. 

R. M. Bonham. 

James Walker. 

Richard Rowlev, 

Daniel R. Rail. 

Robert Cannon. 

S. C. Watson. 
John Harrow. 
J. O. C. Wilson. 
J. H. rpdegraff. 
Charles Chandler. 

Robert H. Eroa Idus. 

R. F- Anderson. 
Go wan DeCamp, 
J. W. McDonald. 
O. C. Cannon. 
Charles Dunn. 
Daniel Sullivan. 
William Ervin. 
Thomas McElrailh, 
James Anderson, 
Logan Kyle, 
J. C. Roberts. 
James B. Kyle. 
James Martin. 
Samuel McKamey. 
.Abner Walker. 
The^Kiore Laughlin. 
Michael Martin. 
William F. McCandless, 
Joseph Bailey. 
I>anlel t.^ourtwright. 
W. Courtwright. 
R. A. Brazelton. 
R. Garrett. 
John M. Sullivan. 
Adonljah Hungaie. 



CHAPTER X\T. 



MILITARY HISTORY. 



MDO.NOUGU COLXTY PATRIOTISM — THE WI.N.NEBAGO 
A.VD BLACK HAWK WAKS — SOLDIEBS FROM 
M'dO.VOIGH COrXTY WHO SEBVED DUBIXG THE 
l.\TTER— THE WAB OF THE REBKLUOX— CAUSES 
WHICH LEI) IP TO THAT STRIGGI.E— THE F.VLL OF 
FT. .SlllTER AND LI.NCOLN's FIR.ST CALL FOB VOL- 
U.\TEER.S — PATRIOTIC BESPOXSE OF M'DOXOUGH 
COIXTY — MILITARY ORGAXIZATIOXS OF WHICH 
M'DOXOUGH COUXTY VOLUXTEEBS TORMED A PART 
—LIST OF OFFICEBS AXD PBIVATES WITH B.\TTLES 

IX WHICH THEY PABTICIPATEII .\ EEMIXISCEXCE 

OF THE SVRBEXfiER OF VICKSBURG— M'DOXOrCH 
COIXTY "ROLL OF HOXOB"— .SOLPIERs" MOXIMEXT 
.\XI) ITS DEDICATIOX— MEXICAX AM> SPAXISH- 
AMERICAX WARS. 

The records of McDonough County have ever 
proven that, whenever men or means have been 
required for the defense of the State or nation. 
She has promptly come to the front. Including 
the Black Hawk War and the conflict with 
Spain, her citizens have bravely responded to 
the call to arms, and demonstrated on many 
a battle field that unyielding bravery which was 
the salvation of the Union and which has prov- 
en the rock of defense for the nation at large. 

The Black Hawk War.— The cause of this 
war with the famous Western Chief reaches 
beyond the Winnebago, or Sauk. War of 1S27. 
Prior to that date even, the Indians upon the 
northern boundary of Illinois were not only 
engaged in hostilities with each other, but in 
1825 extended their warfare toward the white 
settlements. A combination was formed by 
the different tribes of Indians under Red Bird. 
a chief of the Sioux, to exterminate the white 
Invaders above Rock River. The league com- 
menced operations by killing two white men 
near Prairie du Chien, Wis., in July, 1S27, and 
near the close of the same month they attacked 
two keel-boats as they were returning from 
Fort Snelling, whither they had conveyed mill- 



/ 



HISTORY OF McDOXOL"GH COUNTY. 



tary stores. Before the savages were repulsed 
they had killed two ot the crew and wounded 
four others. 

Anticipating trouble, Governor Edwards had 
Issued orders on the 14th of July, 1827, to the 
commandants in General Hansen's brigade, lo- 
cated on the east side ot the Illinois River, to 
detach one-fourth of their respective regiments, 
and hold them m readiness to meet any attack 
made by the Indians. On the same day he is- 
sued orders for the acceptance of 600 volun- 
teers. Under this call one company of cavalry 
and four companies of infantry were recruited 
and marched to Galena; but Red Bird and six 
of his principal chiefs had surrendered, and 
the campaign came to an end. 

While these troops were being recruited and 
proceeding to the scene of action, the settlers 
were not idle. A committee of safety had been 
formed, and, in accordance with the orders of 
Governor Edwards, the miners in the vicinity 
of Galena were enrolled in companies and 
equipped, temporary defenses also being erect- 
ed. This militia was placed under command 
of General Henry Dodge, and formed a force 
auxiliary to the 600 regulars under command of 
General Atkinson. U. S. A. These forces also 
proceeded against Red Bird and his warriors, 
but, as stated, before their services were re- 
quired, that chief, with six of his associates, 
had voluntarily surrendered; among the latter 
was the celebrated Black Hawk. (See "Black 
Hawk," pp. 48-49, Historical Encyclopedia part 
of this work, and "Black Hawk War," pp. 609- 
615 same.) 

The captive Indians were detained several 
months. Red Bird dying while a prisoner. 
Some of the savages were tried, convicted of 
murdering white citizens, and executed Decem- 
ber 26, 1827. This was the end of the Winne- 
bago War, which was followed by the Black 
Hawk outbreak four years later. 

About this time (1829), as Governor Ed- 
wards states, the President issued his procla- 
mation according to law, and, in pursuance 
thereof, all the country above Rock River — ■ 
the ancient seat of the Sauk nation — was sold 
to American families, and in the following 
year it was taken possession of by them. To 
avoid difficulty with the tribes, a treaty, con- 
firming previous ones, was made with the Sacs 
and Foxes, on the 15th ot July, 1830. by the 
provisions of which they were to remove peace- 



ably from the Illinois Country. A portion ot 
the Sacs, under their principal Chief, Keokuk, 
quietly retired across the Mississippi. The set- 
tlers who had purchased land at the mouth of 
Rock River made an arrangement with the In- 
dians who remained there, by which the latter 
were to cultivate their old fields under the pro- 
visions of the treaty empowering the Indians 
to remain so long as the lands remained the 
property of the Government — i. e., until they 
were sold to white proprietors. 

Black Hawk, however, a restless and uneasy 
spirit who had ceased to recognize Keokuk as 
chief, emphatically refused to remove from the 
lands, or to respect the rights to them claimed 
by white "squatters." He insisted that Keo- 
kuk had no right to make such a treaty, and, 
gathering around him a large number of the 
warriors and young men of the tribe who were 
anxious to distinguish themselves as braves, 
he determined to dispute with the whites the 
possession of the ancient seat of his nation. 
Having rallied around him the braves of the 
Sac and Fox nations, he recrossed the Missis- 
sippi River in the spring of 1S32. 

Upon hearing of the invasion. Governor Rey- 
nolds hastily collected a body of 1,800 volun- 
teers and placed them under command of Biig- 
adier General Whiteside. The little army 
marched to the Mississippi and, having reduced 
to ashes the Indian village of Prophetstown, pro- 
ceeded several miles up the river to Dixon, 
there joining the regular forces under General 
Atkinson, which place thus became the tem- 
porary headquarters ot the army of defense. 
Numerous skirmishes occurred, but none led 
up to a general engagement. Two companies 
of volunteers at Dixon, who were anxious for 
glory, were dispatched to reconnoiter the ene- 
my. Under command of Major Stillman. they 
advanced to a creek afterward named Still- 
man's Run, and while encamping there saw a 
party of Indians (mounted), at a distance of 
about a mile. Several of Stillman's men sprang 
upon their horses and charged the enemy, kill- 
ing two of the savages: but they, in turn, were 
fiercely attacked and completely routed by the 
main body of Indians under Black Hawk. By 
their rapid flight the little party of volunteers 
spread such a panic through the entire camp 
that the whole company ran off to Dixon, re- 
turning to headquarters, in bands ot four or 
five, during the whole night, each squad posi- 



HISTORY OI- M.DOXorCH C'orXTV 



719 



live that all those left behind had been mas- 
sacred. Although the expedition was the 
source of considerable merriment, roll call 
showed that eleven of the company had been 
killed, so that in reality the venture was pain- 
fully disastrous, and a monument has been 
erected by the State in commemoration of those 
who lost their lives at Stillman's Run. 

In June, 1832. Black Hawk, with a band of 
150 warriors, attacked the Apple River fort, 
near Galena, defended by twenty-five men. It 
was a mere palisade of logs, erected to afford 
rude protection to the miners. But knowing 
that no quarter would be given if they sur- 
rendered, the small band of defenders fought 
with fury and desperation for fifteen long 
hours, and shot to the death so many of the at- 
tacking party that the Indians were forced to 
retreat. 

Skirmishing and fighting were continued 
throughout the summer of 1832, until at last 
the troops under Generals Atkinson and Henry 
joined forces, struck the main trail of Black 
Hawk's wari^iors and marched hastily toward 
the Mississippi. Not far from its banks they ■ 
came up with the main body of Indians, who. 
seeing that a battle was inevitable, charged 
the troops, who received them with their bayo- 
nets. The enemy fought with desperate valor, 
but the volunteers returned the charge, cutting 
many of the Indians to pieces and driving the 
remainder into the river. In the engagement, 
the Indians lost 300. besides fifty prisoners; 
the whites, seventeen killed and twelve 
wounded. 

Black Hawk and his companions were con- 
fined at Fortress Monroe, but on June 4, 1833, 
by order of the President, they were freed and. 
under conduct of Major Garland, returned to 
Rock Island. Amid impressive ceremonies, 
they were then formally given their liberty. 
In all his visits to the whites Black Hawk was 
thereafter received with marked attention. He 
was usually present at the reunions of the 
old settlers and at other meetings, and was 
always treated as a brave and intelligent man. 
In September, 1838, while on his way to Rock 
Island, to receive his annuity from the govern- 
ment, he contracted a severe cold, which re- 
sulted in a fatal attack of bilious fever, ter- 
minating in his death, on the 3d of October, 
1838. At his decease Black Hawk was dressed 
in the uniform presented to him by the Presi- 



dent while in Washington. He was buried in 
a grave si.\ feet In depth, upon an eminence 
overlooking the Des Moines River in Davis 
County, Iowa, the body being placed in a sitting 
posture upon a seat constructed for the pur- 
pose. On his left side the cane given him 
by Henry Clay was iilaced upright, with his 
right hand resting \ipon it. His remains were 
afterward stolen, but they were recovered by 
the Governor of Iowa and placed in the mu- 
seum of the Historical Society at Burlington, 
where they were finally destroyed by fire. 

In June. 1832. a battalion of men was raised 
in this and Warren Counties, under the call 
of the Governor dated the previous 20th of 
.May. The command consisted of mounted 
rangers, and the organization was effected at 
Macomb, the Warren County men coming here 
for that purpose. Samuel Bogart, of McDon- 
ough County, was chosen Major, and Peter 
Butler, of Warren, First Lieutenant. They 
marched to the town of Oquawka, and were 
there stationed for the purpose of guarding 
the "frontier." They were out eighty-six days, 
but performed no special service. They drew 
their rations with laudable regularity, ate 
heartily, played euchre, and visited the friendly 
Indian camps on the opposite side of the river. 
At the expiration of their term, they returned 
to Macomb and received their discharge: but 
for years afterward they could be found in 
groui)s, swapping stories about the jokes they 
played on each other — laughing as heartily 
when the fun was against them as when with 
them — and generally discussing the good old 
times of the Black Hawk War. 

The following were among those from Mc- 
Donough County who served in the Black 
Hawk canii)aign. ready for whatever might 
come: Samuel Bogart. Major: John Wilson, 
Second Lieutenant; Abraham Dover and Asa 
Cook, Sergeants; Lewis F. Temple. Corporal; 
Moses Booth. J. il. Campbell, David Clarke, 
Jacob Coffman, Isaac Cranshaw, Thomas Car- 
ter, Andrew Calhoun. Uriah Cook. Daniel 
Campbell. Berry Jones. John Jones, Iraby Job, 
Larkin Osborn, John McFadden, Jeff Penning- 
ton, John L. Russell. William Sackett, William 
Southward. George Tetherow. James Tetherow, 
Orasmus Farrington, Nicholas Campbell. John 
Hardisty, Peter Hays. Nathaniel Hays. J. J. C. 
Head, Shadrach Goens, John Jackson, Lace 
Jones, Z. Kirkland, John Lathrop, Isaac Morris, 



720 



HISTORY OF McDDXOrr.H CDUXTY. 



Solomon Osborne, S. P. Lewis. Langley. 

P. H. Smith, Shannon, David Tetherow, 

William Tetherow, F. C. Tomberlin and Robert 
L. Dark. The men received eighty-six cents 
per day and horses, besides rations and forage, 
and subsequently each man also received a 
bounty of eighty acres of land. So far as can 
be ascertained, all of the above list are dead. 

W.\R OF THE Rebellion. — The institution of 
slavery was always a source of trouble between 
the free and slave-holding States. The latter 
were always fearful that the former would en- 
croach upon their rights, and even in the 
State of Illinois, during the Coles administra- 
tion in 1S22-24, the issue was fought to a conclu- 
sion with great zeal and many heated discus- 
sions. Governor Coles represented the Free 
State element, and the cause was chiefly won 
by him and his adherents. 

Compromise measures were adopted, from 
time to time, to settle the vexed question, but 
all proved futile. Threats of secession were 
often made by the slave-holding States, but 
when conciliatory measures were passed, no 
attempt was made to carry out such threats. 
Finally came the repeal of the Missouri Com- 
promise coupled with the adoption of the Kan- 
sas-Nebraska bill, opening certain territory to 
slavery, which, under the compromise of 1820, 
was to be forever free. At that time the Whig 
party was gradually passing away, and the 
great body of that organization, together with 
certain Democrats who were opposed to the 
Kansas-Nebraska Act, united (in May, 1856) to 
form the Republican party, which had for its 
specific work the prevention of the further 
spread of slavery in the United States. The 
re.sult of the battle, fought along these lines, 
was to elect a Republican Governor and other 
State officers in 1856, and Abraham Lincoln, 
President, in November, 1860. 

The Southern States at once prepared to 
carry out their threat of secession. Measures 
to that end were adopted by the State of South 
Carolina, in a convention held on the 20th of 
December, 1860, declaring ■'that the Union now 
existing between South Carolina and the other 
States of North America is dissolved, and that 
South Carolina has resumed her position among 
the nations of the earth, as a free, sovereign 
and independent State, with full power to levy 
war and conclude peace, contract alliances, es- 



tablish commerce, and do such other acts and 
things which independent States may of right 
do." On the 24th of December Governor Pick- 
ens issued-his proclamation endorsing the same 
in due form, and two days later Major Ander- 
son evacuated Fort Moultrie and occupied Fort 
Sumter, for the reasoh that the walls of the 
former were only fourteen feet high and so 
situated that the guns of the enemy commanded 
the situation. His appeals for reinforcements 
were unheeded by President Buchanan, and en- 
tirely ignored by Secretary of War Floyd. 

Measures of grave import were now culmin- 
ating with rapid strides. On the 2Sth of Decem- 
ber, 1860, South Carolina occupied Fort Moul- 
trie and Castle Pinckney, and hoisted the pal- 
metto flag on the ramparts. On the following 
day Floyd resigned his seat in Buchanan's cab- 
inet, charging that the President, in refusing 
to remove Major Anderson from Charleston 
Harbor, designed to plunge the country into 
Civil War, and adding. "I cannot consent to be 
the agent of such a calamity." On the same 
day the South Carolina commissioners present- 
ed their official credentials at Washington, 
which, on the next day (December 30) were 
declined. 

In rapid succession other States followed the 
lead of South Carolina. On the 2d of January, 
1861, Georgia declared for secession, and took 
possession of tne United States arsenal at Au- 
gusta and of Forts Pulaski and Jackson. On 
the 4th of the month, the Alabama and Mis- 
sissippi delegations in Congress telegraphed the 
conventions of their respective States to secede, 
telling them that there was no prospect of a 
satisfactory adjustment. On the 7th of Janu- 
ary, the conventions of Alabama, Mississippi 
and Tennessee met in secession conclave. 
Florida adopted an ordinance of secession Jan- 
uary 10th, Alabama on the 11th, Louisiana on 
the 25th and Georgia on the 19th. On the 9th 
of February, 1861, a provisional constitution 
was adopted by the Confederate States of 
America, at Montgomery, Ala., modeled on the 
basis of the constitution of the United States, 
with modifications designed to protect slavery. 
Jefferson Davis, of Mississippi, was chosen 
President, and Alexander H. Stephens, of 
Georgia, Vice-President. 

Abraham Lincoln was duly inaugurated Pres- 
ident of the United States. March 4, 1861, the 
ceremonies, which were witnessed by a vast 



/ 





(^^d^i^j^ ^o-^ULy 



HISTORY OF McDOXOLGH COUNTY. 



■21 



concourse of people, taking place on the east 
side of the capitol. before taking the oath 
Mr. Lincoln read his inaugural address, which 
was enthusiastically received by the Unionists 
and the world at large. On Friday, April 12, 
1S61. the surrender of Fort Sumter, with its 
garrison of sixty effective men, was demanded 
and refused by the gallant Major Robert An- 
derson. Fire was at once opened on the help- 
less defenders by the Confederate forces, num- 
bering several thousands, and two days later 
the formal surrender of the little band of 
t^nion forces was the inevitable result of their 
inadequate means of defence. The Civil War. 
with all its horrors, had now commenced be- 
yond recall. 

On Monday. April loth. President Lincoln is- 
sued the following proclamation: 

"WiiERK.vs, The laws of the United States 
have been for some time past, and are now- 
opposed, and the execution thereof obstructed 
in the States of South Carolina, Alabama, Flor- 
ida. Mississippi, Louisiana and Texas, by com- 
binations too powerful to be suppressed by the 
ordinary course of judicial i)roceedings, or by 
the power vested in the Marshals; 

"Now. therefore. I, Abraham I^incoln, Presi- 
dent of the United States, by virtue of the 
power in me vested by the Constitution and 
laws, have thought to call forth, and hereby 
do call forth, the militia of the several States 
of the Union, to the number of seventy-five 
thousand men. in order to suppress said com- 
binations, and to cause the laws to be duly 
executed. 

"The details for this subject will be immedi- 
ately communicated to the State authorities 
through the War Department. I appeal to all 
loyal citizens to favor, facilitate and aid this 
effort to maintain the honor, the integrity and 
the existence of our National Union and the 
|)erpetuity of constitutional government, and to 
redress wrongs already long endured. I deem 
it proper to say that the first services assigned 
to the forces hereby called forth will probably 
be to repossess the forts, places and property 
which have been seized from the Union: and 
in every event the utmost care will be ob- 
served, consistent with the object aforesaid, to 
avoid any devastation, any destruction of, or 
interference with property, or any disturbance 
of peaceable citizens in any part of the coun- 
try: and I hereby command the persons com- 



posing the combinations aforesaid to disperse 
and retire peaceably to their respective abodes, 
within twenty days from this date. 

"Deeming that the present condition of pub- 
lic affairs presents an extraordinary occasion. 
I do hereby, in virtue of the power vested in 
me by the Constitution, convene both Houses 
of Congress; the Senators and Representatives 
are hereby summoned to assemble at their re- 
spective chambers at 12 o'clock, noon, on 
Thursday, the 4th day of July next, then and 
there to consider and determine such measures 
as, in their wisdom, the public safety and in 
terest may seem to demand. 

"In witness whereof. I have hereunto set my 
hand, and caused the seal of the United States 
to be affixed. 

"Done at the city of Washington, on the fif 
teenth day of April, in the year Of our Lord 
one thousand eight hundred and sixty-one, and 
of the independence of the United States the 
eighty-fifth. 

"By the President, Abrah.xm Lincoln. 

"WiLi.iA>[ H. Sewaro. Secretary of State." 

When the firing upon Fort Sumter became 
known to the citizens of McDonough, the par- 
tisan feelings which had heretofore existed 
were swept away, and, in the language of the 
immortal Stephen A. Douglas, already quoted, 
"but two parties couid exist— patriots and 
traitors." When the President issued his call 
for 75,000 men. McDonough County responded 
without delay, and when, a few days there- 
after, he sent out his call for 300,000 more, 
others were ready to go the front. Democrats 
and Republicans alike participated in the meet- 
ings held in various parts of the county, at 
which resolutions were adopted setting forth 
in strongest terms undying devotion to the 
Union. At Macomb. April 17. ISfil. a large and 
enthusiastic meeting was held, and a commit- 
tee was appointed, consisting of Nelson Ab- 
bott, Charles Chandler. A. K. Lowry. W. E. 
Withrow. .lohn Knappenberger and Carter Van 
Vleck, to prepare resolutions expressing the 
sense of the meeting. This committee, com- 
posed of three Democrats and three Republi- 
cans, presented the following, which were en- 
thusiastically adopted: 

"WiiKRKAs. War against the Government of 
the United States has been commenced by the 
authorities of the so-called Confederate States. 
by assailing and reducing Fort Sumter, a fort- 



722 



HISTORY OF McDtJXOUGH COUNTY. 



ress garrisoned and defended by United States 
soldiers, and under the sacred protection of 
the United States fiag; and 

■•WiiEiiKAs, The President of the United States 
has issued his proclamation reciting that 'the 
laws of the United States have been, and are 
opposed in several States by combinations too 
powerful to be suppressed in the ordinary 
way,' and calling for volunteers to suppress 
said combinations and execute the laws; be it 

-Resolved, By tue citizens of McDonough 
County, without distinction of party, in mass 
meeting assembled, that it is the duty of all 
loyal and patriotic citizens, at whatever cost 
of blood and treasure, to support and sustain 
the constituted authorities of the United States 
in their lawful efforts to preserve the Union, 
maintain the integrity of the Constitution and 
the supremacy of all the laws, protect the 
Federal capital and sustain the honor of the 
national flag; 

••Resolved. That while we would be glad to see 
such legislation adopted by the Federal and 
State Governments as would, it possible, bring 
about an honorable reconciliation between the 
citizens of the several States, yet we deem it 
the duty of our Legislature about to assemble 
to pass such laws as will render the General 
Government speedy and efiicient aid in all its 
lawful endeavors to carry out the objects in- 
dicated in the foregoing resolution. 

-Resolved. That the Stars and Stripes are 
the emblems of the country's liberties and hon- 
or, and, wheresoever floating. It is the duty of 
every American citizen to yield to that flag 
unconditional allegiance and undying devo- 
tion." 

At a public meeting held in Colchester, on 
the 19th of April, it was noted that, although 
its citizens were largely foreign-born, they 
were earnestly loyal to the flag and adopted 
the following: 

'•Resolved. That we, the citizens of Colches- 
ter and vicinity, have no ill feeling toward any 
political party, and say, with the immortal 
Clay, that we know no North, no South, no 
East, no West — we know only the welfare of 
our country; 

••Resolved, That, in view of our present crisis, 
we pledge our support to the Administration 
for the purpose of sustaining the Government, 
the Constitution and the Union. In doing so, 
we show that we are not degenerate sons of 
'76." 



At Foster's Point, on the evening of the 27th 
of April, the citizens of that place and vicinity 
assembled and adopted the following: 

"Whebeas, The Government of the United 
States has been assailed; the flag of our coun- 
try fired upon and dishonored; our country 
threatened with destruction; therefore 

-Resolved. That, without respect to party, we 
declare our undying devotion to the Union, 
the Constitution and the enforcement of the 
laws; 

•■Resolved. That we know no government but 
our Government, no country but our country, 
and no flag but the Stars and Stripes of our 
honored sires." 

Similar meetings were held in every school 
house and in many of the churches, to give ex- 
pression to the universal sentiment of loyalty 
of the people throughout the county. The 
Flag, the Constitution and the Laws were the 
watchwords of old and young, and well did 
they uphold their patriotic devotion by their 
deeds of endurance, heroism and bravery on 
many a weary march and bloody battle-field. 

Recruiting offices were at once opened in 
every township, village and city, and the drum 
and fife were abroad in the land. On the 20th 
of April, 1861, 108 men formed a company, 
which was recruited by V. Y. Ralston, editor 
of the "Macomb Journal." and the work of re- 
cruiting in McDonough County never stopped 
until the final surrender of Lee. 

The following names of troops enlisted in 
this county are taken from the Adjutant Gen- 
eral's report to the State Legislature: 

SEt'OND ARTILLKRY. 
Battery H. 



Sergeant— Jonas Eckdall. 



Jellison. John. 
McCartney. John. 
Jlegan. Martin. 
Stewart, Charles. 
Whitten. James, 
Walter. Isadore. 



Privates- 
Clark. Peter. Sr., 
Clark. Peter. Jr.. 
Rutishamer. Jacob. 
Smith. James. 
Waldrick. Patrick. 
Corporal. Newton. 

This battery was organized at Camp Butler, 
near Springfieid. 111., in December, 1S61, by 
Captain Andrew Stenbeck. It was mustered 
into the service on December 31st, and on the 
1st of February moved to Cairo. Stationed 
first at Fort Holt, it subsequently took part in 
the siege of Fort Pillow, and was ordered suc- 
cessively to Columbus. Ky., and Henderson, 
Smithfield and Clarksville, Tenn. Om the 1st 
of January, 1864, the command was mounted 



HISTORY OF McDOXOUGH 0)L\r>- 



723 



as cavalry, and participated in sldrmisties at 
Canton and Rock Castle Ford, Ky., after which, 
until July 15, 1865, it went into garrison at 
Clarl<sville. It was mustered out at Spring- 
field. 111., on the 29th of July, 1S65. Fourteen 
members of the battery were from McDon- 
ough County. 

Battery K. 

Harris. Columbus. Klshbourne. Thomas. 

Hattery K was organized and mustered in at 
Springfield. December 31. 1S63. and mustered 
out July 14, 1SG5. 

SECOND CAVALRY. 

Company H. 

Captains— James D. Walker. Josephus B. Venard. 
Lieutenant— George W. Naylor. 
<,)uartermaster-Sergeant— Charles H. Rogers. 
Sergeant — William Venable. 

Corporals- Gabriel Jones. Oliver Williams. 
Thomas Hays. John Shipman. John Venard. 
Buglers— William H. Hudson. Frank R. Kyle. 
Saddler— James Ellis. 



Privates- 
Austin. James. 
Brown. William. 
Halllday. Thomas L.. 
Davis. George. 
Hanson. Nels. 
Ingram. Riley. 
Johnston. Henry. 
KInkade. Mack, 
Freeland. Charles. 
Huff. James E., 
Jewett. A. v.. 
Kelthley. Andrew, 
Beck. James E., 
Bently. George R.. 
Tift. Semer B.. 
Bartleson. Charles. 
Chase. James P., 
Calvin. Henry C, 
Hamilton. Thomas. 
Hogan. Augustus. 
Jacobs. Mark F.. 
Kohule. John. 
Limberge. Henry. 
Edward. Edmonds. 
Jackson. Edwin, 
KInkade. John H.. 
Yaple. Oscar. 
Beck. Jesse. 
Butcher. Bowman R.. 
Tift. Silas J.. 
Venard. George G.. 
Wright. Hiram B.. 
Chapman. Amos. 
Lightfoot, .Armsted. 
Morgan. James G.. 
Munson. William F.. 
McClure. James. 
Marljham. Daniel. 
Norwood. Douglas. 



Payton. John. 
Rickets. Green. 
Shannon. John. 
Walker. Samuel P.. 
Warren. Edward F., 
Curtis. Edward E., 
Cockerham. Daniel. 
Dunham. George. 
Butcher. Preston. 
Cockerham. William. 
Lee. George W.. 
Michaels. William F.. 
Pace. Andrew J.. 
Rouse. I^evl H.. 
Markham. Archey. 
Wagle. William A., 
Webb. Silas H.. 
Dickens. Joshua. 
Scott. Thomas. 
McMahon. Thad. C. 
Metts. John H.. 
Martin. Charlie E.. 
.Vlarkham. Henry L.. 
Oertel. Jacob. 
Rickets. Rival. 
Sieberllng. Henry M . 
Tyson. Charles F.. 
Welkin. Ohio. 
Wright. Thomas, 
(^lugston. Warren. 
Dark. Samuel A.. 
Butcher. John M.. 
Ballou. Charles. 
Knowles. Robertson B 
Markham. Aaron. 
Morgan. Isaac L., 
Rickets. Pleasant G.. 
Sullivan. John. 
Markham. Daniel. 
Schiiltz. John H. 



This company was organized at Macomb. 
111., by Dr. J. D. Walker, and accepted by the 
Governor July 24. 1861. Going into quarters 
at Camp Butler, near Springfield, it was mus- 
tered Into the service August 12th, and re- 
mained In camp until the 12th of November, 
1S61. when it was ordered to Paducah, Ky., 



where it was partly armed and equipped. From 
this point the company made several important 
reconnoisances into the interior of the State. 
On March 11, 1862, it was ordered to Colum- 
bus, Ky., being a portion of the force which 
first entered the rebel stronghold, and there 
remained until March 23d. On the 31st of 
that month the Second Cavalry was a portion 
of the force which captured Union City, re- 
turning to Hickman and remaining there until 
July 9. 1862. The company moved with its 
regiment to Union City, Crockett Station and 
Trenton. Tenn., and on July 27th scouted to- 
ward Hrownsville. being for seventeen days 
continuously engaged in skirmishing with guer- 
rillas. It reached Bolivar on the 29th of Au- 
gust, and went immediately into the action 
which proved fatal to Lieutenant-Colonel Hogg. 
On November 5. 1862. it was ordered to La- 
grange, Tenn., and while making reconnois- 
sance in the vicinity of Lamar, brought on an 
engagement, drove the enemy from the field 
and captured eighty prisoners. On November 
28th the regiment advanced and passed through 
Holly Springs and Abbeville, returning to the 
former point December 2d, when it went into 
camp. They were attacked by the Confeder- 
ate General Van Dorn on the 20th of that 
month, and. after two hours of hard fighting, 
were overwhelmed by numbers and driven 
from their position, losing 160 men. killed, 
wounded and missing. The command was or- 
dered successively to Memphis and Young's 
Point, within the following two months, and 
on March 14th to Milliken's Rend, where it re- 
mained until the commencement of the move- 
ment of Vicksbur.g, when it took the advance. 
The steps of the advance toward Vicksburg 
from Milliken's Bend were as follows: Rich- 
mond, La.. March 31st; Smith's plantation, 
April 14th; thence crossed the bayous in flat- 
boats to Louisiana, April 28th; crossed the 
Mississippi River at Bruinsbur.g, May 1st. and 
arrived at Big Sandy on the 5th: May Ifith ar- 
rived at the Black River, and the next day 
made the first reconnoissance in the rear of 
Vicksburg. The regiment scouted in the Yazoo 
Valley until June 9, 1863, and was then or- 
dered to the Big Black bridge, on the Vicks- 
burg and Jackson road, remaining there until 
July 5th. when it advanced on the latter place, 
skirmishing with the enemy for four days. 
After other minor movements it arrived at 



724 



HISTORY OF McDOXOUGH COUNTY. 



Vicksburg July 28. 1863, and on August 5th 
was ordered down the Mississippi River to 
Natchez. In the vicinity of Morganza, La., it 
was engaged in continuous slcirniishing for fif- 
teen days, and on the 29th of September the 
Confederates brought on a general engage- 
ment which resulted in the retirement of the 
Union forces. 

The Second Cavalry reported to General Lee 
at New Orleans, October 9, 1S63, and, after be- 
ing successively ordered to Brashear City, 
Franklin, New Iberia and Vermilion, advanced 
along the Bayou Teche road and brought on 
an engagement with the enemy which resulted 
in slight losses. The regiment returned to 
Vermilion on November 1st, and on the 11th 
engaged the Confederates at Crow Bayou cross- 
ing one of the men being killed and three 
wounded. On .lanuary 5, 1864. it was ordered 
to New Orleans to recuperate. 

Companv H, of the Second Cavalry, was 
composed almost entirely of McDonough Coun- 
tv men, 91 bemg from this county. It was 
mustered out of the service on the 22d of 
November, 1865. Four of the force had been 
killed, four had died and tour had been wound- 
ed. Many of the men who served in the 
company are still living, and in this and other 
counties, as members of the Grand Army of the 
Republic, hold regular annual meetings. The 
late Hon. Benjamin F. Marsh, who for many 
years represented this district in Congress, 
was Colonel of the regiment and proved a 
splendid soldier. 

SEVENTH CAVALRY. 



Company K. 



Adam.s. Matthew. 
Jamieson. Lewis M.. 
Gustasson. Alexander. 



Nelson. Enoch. 
Smith. Lewis M. 



Company L. 

Captains-George M. Scott. Sciuire A. Epperson. 

°^First^ieutenants-James Price. Warren W. 

^"swond-Lieutenants-Squire A. Epperson. Elijah 
F. Martin. Daniel M. Wilt. Lewis Pickel, 

Onartermaster-Sergeant— Alexander \\ . Scott. 

Sergeants-Israel Markham. John R. Sperling. 
Tames W. Lancy. Eliab Martni. 

Corporals-Lester Husted. John T Lancy. Alex- 
ander Lockard, Henry B. Parvin. George Stans- 
berry. 



Privates— 
Dewey. George I.. 
Hammer. John. 
Hopwood. Josephus. 
Lair. Daniel. 
Mevers. Christian. 



Francis. Henry H.. 
Harris. Alexander. 
Lambert, David, 
Long. Henry, 
Mvers. Frederick. 
Sc'hall. Samuel S.. 



Wilson, James M., 
Adcock, Joseph. 
Adcock, George L., 
Brown, William B., 
Boughner. Christian. 
Epperson. John L.. 
Eveland. Charles B. 
Henry. Lorenzo D.. 
Jones, Thomas G.. 
Mitchell. Levi. 
Markham, Frank, 
Markham. Harrison. 
Mvers. James J.. 
Park. William B.. 
Schall. John L.. 
Thompson, Henr.v. 
Willis. William H.. 
White. William J. 



Price. James, 
Wilt, Daniel M., 
Wilson. James. 
Atkinson. Charles. 
Allison, Samuel. 
Burnett. Daniel D.. 
Campbell. John A.. 
Husteil. Marion. 
Elliott. Jasper S.. 
Johnson. Nathaniel L., 
Matthewson, Josiah C, 
McDermott. Patrick, 
Marlham. Hiram. 
McGinnis, John. 
McClure. Winslow, 
Pvle. Benjamin P.. 
Scott. Seymour R.. 
Wissler, Jonas, 
Wooley, Lewis B.. 

This regiment was organized during the 
summer of 1861, with William Pitt Kellogg 
as Colonel; Edward Prince, Lieutenant-Colonel; 
Cyrus Hall, Major, and Sidney Stockdale, Ad- 
jutant. Captain George M. Scott organized 
Company L, at Bushnell, in August, 1861, and 
it was mustered into the service September 3d. 
The regiment remained at Camp Butler until 
December, when it was removed to Cairo and 
thence to Bird's Point, Mo. It continued at 
the latter point until March 5, 1862, and was 
engaged in the capture of New Madrid, Island 
No. 10 and Corinth. The command guarded 
the Memphis & Charleston Railroad in Ala- 
bama until September 9, 1S62, and afterward 
participated in the following engagements: 
luka, in September; Burnsville, September 
19th; Corinth, October 3d and 4th; Hudson 
Lane, in November; Oxford, December 1st; 
Yancona Creek, December 3d; Water Valley, 
December 4th; Coffeeville, December 5th; Cov- 
ington, Tenn., March 8, 1863; Union Church, in 
April of that year; Plain Store, La., May 25th; 
Clinton, July 3d; Quinn's Mills. Miss.. August 
1st; Salem, September 9th; Collierville, Tenn., 
September 11th; Byhalia, Miss., September 
12th; Wyallsford, September 13th; Moscow, Oc- 
tober 12th; Espanola, Tenn., December 24th; 
Summerville, December 2fith; West Point, 
Miss., February 20, 1864; Okalona, February 
23d; Pontiac, February 24th; Guntown, June 
10th: Memphis, Tenn., July 21st; Shoal Creek, 
Lawrenceburg. November 21st; Campbellsville, 
November 24th; Franklin, in November; Nash- 
ville, December 17th; Rutherford Creek, De- 
cember 19th; Anthony Hill, December 25th. 
The above gives an idea of how continuously 
the regiment was on the fighting line. It also 
sustained with soldierly fortitude the weary 
marches of the celebrated Grierson raid, and 





• ^--^ f » 



u-i^ 




4^^-7^^ 



II STORY OF McDOXOUGH COUNTY. 



725 



participated in tlie siege and capture of Port 
Hudson, La., in June and July, 1863. 

On February 9, 1864, a portion of Company 
L re-enlisted under Captain Daniel Wilt and 
Lieutenants James Rice and Lewis Pickel. 
From McDonough county came 59 members 
of the company, which was finally mustered 
out at Nashville, Tenn., on the 4th of No- 
vember, 18G5, having achieved a record which 
reflected lasting credit upon the county. 

KIOHTH CAVALRY. 



Company G. 



Danley. William L., 
KiUnonstnn. James C, 
I.uther. Jami'S. 
O'Brifii, Jamc-s, 



Dclaney. Dennis. 
I,iit()n, Samuel. 
Lear. John A\'.. 
Woolary. George. 



ELEVENTH CAVAI.RT. 
Company I. 

Captains— Harvey T. Gregg. William R. Hayes. 

First-Lieutenant — Joseph Edell. 

Second-Lieutenants— John H. Hays. Henry C. 
Fuller. 

Sergeants— John H. Hays. Martin V. Owen. 

Corporals— Theophilus Spiellman. Robert S. 
Brooking, Adam S. Zimmerman. 



Privates — 
Buttertield. C. W., 
(/alltins. George W., 
Davidson. Henrv C 
Rdell. Joseph. 
Freeland. Fleming F.. 
Graves. William C. 
Hays. Levi S.. 
Hume. Robert W.. 
Kirkpatriek. William B.. 
McKinney. Fvphraim. 
Mayhugh. MeCiillum, 
Pennington. Thomas, 
Schenck. Phillip. 
Webster. Francis B., 
Bushnell. Homer. 
Bailey. William S., 
Butler. Harry R.. 
Cunningham. William. 
Davis. Reuben A., 
Duncan. Ellas. 
Foster. William H., 
Grove. Benjamin F.. 
Hays. George W., 
Jackson, Henry D., 
Lulhey. Francis A., 
Mitchell. Marcellus. 
Milllngton. German. 
Pennington. F. M.. 
Pennington. William R.. 
Snyder. Henry. 
Wyman. J. Alex.. 
Williams. Reuben. 



Camp, Edward S.. 
Cox. R. S.. 
Duncan. Elijah. 
Friend. Thomas J., 
Gates. George C, 
Gove, Charles, 
Holler, Joseph. 
Keithley, Francis M., 
Lowe. Austin. 
Metcalf. William E., 
McQueen. Arlnw. 
Pennington. Allen, 
Spirva. F. M.. 
Wetson. Benjamin F., 
Baughman. James K, P.. 
Butler. Ozias. 
Courson. Andrew. 
Coe. Edward D.. 
Durham. William A.. 
Edell, Louis, 
Farris. William C. 
Grigsby. Redmond. 
Hainline, Nathan G., 
Jackson. John, 
Lillard. Augustus, 
Moore. William W., 
Mctjueen. Norman. 
Pennington. S. M.. 
Pennington. Johri L.. 
Titus. John M., 
Willard. Reiley. 
Yfirk. Francis. 



Company G. 



Pixley. Enoch. 



Company K. 



Botkins, Ira B., 
Hefley. William. 
Johnson, Svh-anus B,. 
Morse. William H., 
Schultz. David A., 
Sweeglc. John. 



Harvemail. Mont. 
Johnson. Edwin W 
Little, Henr\- C, 
Ratikln. Silas E.. 
Sweegle. Robert. 
Vandall. Charles W 



H., 



Company L. 
Gleason. William H., Martin, George. 

Company M. 
Captain— John A. Gray. 

TWELFTH CAVALRY. 
Company D. 
Sergeant— Danford Taylor. 



Privates— 
Arter. William. 
Doran. William, 
Whitsel. Henry, 
Murphy, C. R., 



Blazer, David. 
Loftis, Benjamin. 
Bryle. Charles R., 
Miller, Frank. 



Alden. John H., 
Fouts, John C, 
Hinesman, John C, 
Lipsey. James B.. 
Morgan. George W. 
Nicolas. George W.. 
Sapp, Calvin A.. 
Tanner. William. 
Thompson. John S., 



Company L. 
Foster, 



James. 
Giles. Daniel F., 
Hughson, Jacob D., 
Martin. Norton D., 
Montrose. Charles, 
Hobb. Francis C. 
Schultz. Josiah M.. 
Tainter. Da\'id N.. 
Wentzel, Abram. 



Company M. 



Brassrteld. James. 
Mitchell, Theodore, 



David, John F., 
Toland, James B. 



SIXTEENTH CAVALRY. 

Company L. 

Commissary-Sergeant- Jamea C. Canfield. 
Corporal— Joseph Markham. 



Privates — 
Abel. Thomas, 
Fultz, Frederick. 
Bellew. Henry H., 



Beard. James, 
Beardsley. Bartemus, 
Cochran. Mahlon B.. 
Howard. Joseph T. 



TWELFTH INFANTRY. 



Company A. 



Cochran. Alexander, 
Jones. George W., 



Goilfrev. Samuel. 
Stark, William. 
Naylor, William 



SIXTEENTH INFANTRY. 

Lieutenant-Colonels— Samuel Wilson. James A. 
<'hapman. 

• Quartermaster- Thomas J. Coulter. 
Hospital Steward— Patrick H. Delaney. 
Musician— Enoch Welker. 

Company A. 

Captains— Virgil Y. Ralston. Eben White. Ben- 
jamin F. Pinkley. Ambrose IpdegralT, 

First-Lieutenants— Benjamin F. Pinkley. Henry 
W. Gash. John V. Mason. 

Seconil-Lieutenant- Hiram B. Bartholomew. 

First-Sergeant- Henry W. Gash. 

Sergeants— Clark. C. Morse, John E. Lane, 
Charles L. Sanders. 

Corporals— Joseph M. Gaston. William H. IBon- 
ham. John C. Bell. James L. Hainline. Marsh B. 
Burr. John V. Mason, William Morrison. William 
F. Bayne. 

Musician."- Enoch Welker. Samuel P. Danley. 



Privates- 
Adams. Edward A., 
Brandon, Calvin K., 



Allison. Joshua, 
Ball. James F.. 
Chapman, Thomas B., 



726 



HISTORY OF AIcDOK'OUGH COUNTY. 



Doran. William M.. 
Ervin. James. 
Forrest, James M.. 
Gordon, Harrison. 
Grooms. Nathaniel C 
Hainline. Baxter, 
Hainline, William H.. 
Hampton, Harrison H.. 
Ha.\'flen. John. 
Hi'ndrlckson. James F.. 
Hicks. William. 
Hurle.v, Edward, 
Kendrick. Nath:iniel H. 
Lea, .Archibald T.. 
Loucks. Wellington, 
Mattison. D. W.. 
Montague. Charles. 
Merrick. Charles W.. 
Overstreet. William H.. 
Prentice. William H.. 
Sacket. Charles. 
Slocum, George. 
Spear. James T.. 
Sperry. Orren. 
Strenge, George, 
Shrader. John B.. 
Taylor, Albert, 
Thomas, Abel, 
Updegraff. Ambrose. 
Wheeler, George, 
William. Benjamin F.. 
Crowl, John H., 
(;]ark, Richard J., 
Fox Hugh, 
Hamilton, George A., 
Kelley, William, 
Keho. Miles, 
Phillips, Charles A., 
Smith. Charles W.. 
Thomas. Winfleld S. 

pany B. 



Brooks. Harrison. 
Clarke. Benjamin F., 
Delaney, Patrick H,, 
Fishbourne, Thomas M 
Franklin. \\'illiam J.. 
Graham. John M.. 
Gash. George E.. 
Hainline. George L.. 
Hampton. Van C. 
Hart, Henry, 
Head, William H., 
Henderson. Edward F.. 
Hook. Charles. 
Kelley. Edwin D.. 
King. William F.. 
Logan, AA'illiam, 
Lane, Cyrus, 
Morrison, Robert, 
McCartney. John ivL. 
McCurdy, Martin. 
Price. Miles, 
Rutherford, Robert A., 
Shannon. Aaron. 
Speake. Richard H., 
Spencer, Benjamin F., 
Stainbrook, James H., 
Simmons, Fletcher C, 
Taylor. Thomas B.. 
Thomas. Lloyd. Jr.. 
Thompson. Ellis. 
\A'alters, Charles. 
Wood. Wesley A\'.. 
White. Eben, 
Campbell, John T.. 
Ellis. Alvin C. 
Hastings, George F., 
Hainline. Nathan T.. 
Kendrick. James W,. 
McDonough, John W.. 
Ragon. William M.. 
Lane. William, 

Com 

Captain— David P, Wells. 

First-Lieutenants— William L, Broaddus, George 
W. Ray, 

Second-Lieutenants — Abram Rowe, James A. 
Chapman, Benjamin Lowe, E. K. Westfield, George 
W. McAllister, Gilbert W. Parvin, 
First-Sergeant — Elnathan K. Westfall. 

Sergeants— Henry Bailey. William S. Hendricks. 
AA'illiam H, Campbell. 

Corporals— Henry W. McAllister, Alexander D. 
Hail. James M. Eyre. James A. Chapman, William 
H, Walker. William Powers. 

Wagoner— Samuel Manholland. 



First Sergeant — Ebenezer Rhodes. 

Sergeants — Sylvester C. Gilbert. Andrew J. Dun- 
can. James Donaldson. Pelatiah Wilson. 

Corporals — James M. Johnson. Edward Wilson. 
Don. C. Salisbury. John P. Humbert. Richard Bet- 
son. Richard Hobert, \\'illiam Wilson. 

Fifer — \\'illiam S. Johnson. 

Wagoner — Isaac Allshire. 



Bates. Edward. 
Brink. Thomas. 
Farrier. Charles I.. 
Hogue. George P., 
Jellison. James. 
Kipling. Thomas. 
Lowe. Beniamin. 
Miller. William N.. 
McCampbell. James L. 
Parr. James. 
Rugh. Joseph. 
Rav. George W.. 
Smith. John W.. 
Smithers, Joseph, 
Thompson, Julius G., 
Tordv, James A.. 
Wolf. John W.. 
Wetherhold. George. 
Campbell. Alex, B., 
Green, William C 
Nebergall. A. J. C. S., 
Toland. Isaac. 

pany C. 



Privates — 
Allerd. Jeremiah. 
Buchanan, Robert A 
Dillon, James I., 
Gill, John, 

Hammer. William B 
Jones. Perrj' C. 
Keener. Henry H.. 
Layton, Henry C, 
McGraw, Thomas F.. 
Pile. William S., 
Parvin, Gilbert T., 
Ritchlev, Simon. 
Slater. Isaac O.. 
Starr. Oscar P.. 
Strickler. Robert P.. 
Truitt. Lafayette. 
Walker. William P.. 
WoN'ely. John. 
Yocum. Sylvester. 
Dilllon. Andrew J.. 
Myrick. Myron N.. 
Jones, 1, N.. 

Com 

Captains— Abram Rowe. George W. Patrick. 
First-Lieutenants— Edwin Moore. James Donald- 
son. Pelatiah Wilson. 

Second-Lieutenant— Edwin aioore. 



Pri\'ates — 
Barnett. James. 
Dalton. James. 
Hendricks. Benjamin. 
Lane. Wilson. 
McGrew. George W.. 
Smithwait, John, 
Taylor, John. 
Tones. Walker. 
Turner. Henry, 
Young, Robert, 
Brimdage, Daniel, 
Hobart. Lewis. 
Nutall. William. 



Barnett. Edward. 
Fritz. Charles S.. 
Johnson. Alexander M., 
Leary. Patrick J., 
Newland, Frederick. 
Thorp. James. 
Taylor. Richard. 
Tuttle, Charles G.. 
Watts. Hiram. 
Barrett. Samuel D.. 
Bagbie, Thomas, 
Lane, William B., 
Scott, John, 
Slater,. Thomas. 



Company D. 
Carter, Smith W., Webster. Eleazur. 



Company G. 



Cannon. William, 
Lester, Cyrus. 
Biirson, Jesse A.. 
Pontioiis, David. 



Freeland. Snyder, 



Corey. Silas G.. 
Johnson. Thomas J., 
Tipton. James, 
VanSIakc, Daniel, 



Currier, Elon, 
W\'att, Samuel, 
Newell, Jacob. 
Steel, William. 
Sw'artz. Benjamin. 

Company I. 

Runkle. Joseph. 

Company K. 

Cooper. John M.. 
Rigney, John H,. 
Conley, John, 
Maxwell, John C, 
Veal. John S. 



The Sixteenth Illinois Infantry was organized 
at Quincy under the Ten-Regiment call on 
the 24th of May, 1861, and mustered into the 
service of the United States on the 12th of 
the following June. The first officers were 
Colonel Robert F. Smith, Lieutenant-Colonel 
Samuel Wilson, Major Samuel M. Hayes, Adju- 
tant Charles D. Kerr, Quartermaster Thomas 
J. Colter and Surgeon Louis Watson. The reg- 
iment was at once moved to Grand River, Mo., 
and employed as a guard along the line of the 
Hannibal & St. Joe Railroad. On July 10th one 
detachment, under Colonel Smith, sustained an 
attack of 1,600 mounted Confederates at Mon- 
roe Station, and held their position until re- 
inforcements arrived. Upon the retirement 
of the enemy, July 16th, there was another skir- 
mish at Caldwell's Station, in which the loss 
to the regiment was two men killed and two 
wounded. On the 20th of August the com- 
mand united with the troops under General 
Stephen A. Hurlbut, in pursuit of a column 
under General Green to Honeywell, Mo,, ar- 
riving there on September 1st. The regiment 



HISTURV (,)F .\kUU.\ULGH COL'XTV. 



/-/ 



remained at that point until the 10th, when 
it was ordered to St. Joseph, and thence to 
Piatt City, wnere, with the Third Iowa, it 
had a brisk skirmish with the enemy. Re- 
turning to St. Joe, the men went Into camp 
and drilled until January 27, 1S62. At New 
Madrid, March 3d, it was assigned to the Sec- 
ond Brigade, First Division. Army of the Mis- 
sissippi. About a week afterward, with the 
Tenth Illinois, the troops were engaged in 
throwing up a line of earthworks for the 
mounting of four i)ieces of heavy ordnance, 
and in the conflict of March 13th supported the 
battery of siege guns. 

On April 7, 1862, the brigade, composed of 
the Tenth and Sixteenth Illinois Regiments, 
was taken across the Mississippi River and 
followed the retreating enemy from New Mad- 
rid to Tiptonville. Tenn., where it captured 
five thousand prisoners and a large quantity 
of artillery, small arms and ammunition. Re- 
turning to New Madrid on the 9th, the 17th of 
the month saw the regiment embarked at Os- 
ceola, Ark., to take part in the operations 
against Corinth. After the evacuation of that 
place it pursued the enemy as far as Boone- 
ville. and June 12th encamped at Big Springs. 
On the 20th a movement was made to Tus- 
eunibia, Ala., and on the 29th the Tennessee 
was crossed at Florence en route to Nashville. 
There the regiment arrived, after seventeen 
days of continuous marching and guerrilla 
fighting, losing one man killed and five wound- 
ed. It was now placed in garrison at Edge- 
field, Tenn., to guard the railroad bridge, which 
was a point of great importance, as its 
safekeeping depended open communication for 
the army supplies. The noted Confederate Gen- 
eral Morgan attacked the position on the 5th 
of November, but was repulsed with heavy 
loss. 

The Sixteenth Illinois, now under the com- 
mand of Colonel James B. Cahill, participated 
in all the movements and engagements that 
preceded the siege and fall of Atlanta, honor- 
ably acqiiitting itself at Buzzard's Roost, Snake 
Creek Gap, Resaca, Rome, Kenesaw Mountain 
and Peach Tree Creek. At the Jonesboro en- 
gagement of September 7. 1S64, the regiment 
was on the fighting line and did its full share 
in repulsing the enemy. It marched with 
Sherman to the sea, and at the capture of Sa- 
vannah was one of the first two regiments 



to enter the city. On the march northward it 
participated in the battle of Bentonville, where 
the loss to the Sixteenth was heavier than at 
any other engagement during the war. The 
triumphant march was then through North 
Carolina and on to Washington, where the vet- 
erans took part in the ever-to-be-remembered 
review before the President and Generals of 
the Army. 

The regiment was mustered out of the serv- 
ice at Louisville, Ky., on the Sth of July, 1865, 
and two days afterward arrived at Camp But 
ler. 111., where the men were paid off and 
honorably discharged. The Sixteenth was 
composed principally of men from McDonough, 
Hancock, Schuyler, Brown, Adams, Henderson 
and Pike Counties. Many of the boys of 1861-65 
are still living in Macomb and vicinity, and, 
when opportunity offers, fight their battles 
over again at their annual campfires and other 
gatherings. 

SEVENTEENTH rNF.\NTF?V. 
Company C. 



Privates— 
Douglas. Royal. 
Mnrrv. William. 
Still, K. v.. 



Hendryx, William. 
Sanford. Sylvester. 
Demits. Ernest. 



KlCHTEENTll INE.VNTKY. 



Company 



Corporal— George P. Norton. 
Musician— Edward P. Vail. 



Privates — 
McClure. James P.. 



Waggle. Jasper S. 



Company I. 

Corporals— William T.. Brooks. James N. Tedron. 

Privates— Ellis, Isaac W.. 

Daniels. Daniel L.. Hubbard. William. 

Krvln. James D.. Johnson. George M.. 

Hall. Edward. Snyder, Alvln .V.. 

Mespick. David H . Woods. William H. 
T.-drnii. M.. 

TWENTY-EIGHTH INFANTRY. 

IJeutenant-Colonel— Louis H. Waters. 

Quartermasters— Hugh Ervln. Arthur G. Burr, 
Richard Lawrence. 

Surgeon— John Kemper. 

Sergeanl-Major— Charles E. Waters. 

Hosultal Stewards— Robert R. C. Danley. Albert 
G. Sullivan. 

Company D. 

Captain— Gladden L. Farwell. 

First-I.ieutenant— John B. Pearson. 

Second-Lieutenants— Charles Conover. Daniel K. 
Miller. Andrew W. McGoughy, Henry H. Hen- 
derson. 

Sergeant— Robert Pearson. 

t^irporals— Ezra V. Sayer. Joseph GUI. Joseph T. 
Walker. Solomon Foster. Elijah Patrick. 

Musician— Robert R. C. Danley. 



728 



HISTORY OF McDOXOL'GH COUNTY. 



Prh'ates — 
Anderson, John E.. 
Blackford. Isaac. 
Bloss, William. 
Brant. Abraham. 
Courtright. Van H.. 
Dawson. Richard. 
Freeland. N. B.. 
Faulkner. Thomas. 
Gordon. John. 
Hobart. Edwin L.. 
Hiilyer. Isaac C. 
Hoyt. Lucien, 
Long. Albert, 
Matheny. William H., 
Metts. Clinton. 
McGee. Samuel R.. 
Penrose. Henry W.. 
Russell. J. T.. 
Simmons. Rowen L., 
Shepherd, S. R., 
Spencer, Richard, 
Teas, George H., 
AVelch, Azro B.. 
Wayland. E. Q. A.. 
Welch. Sylvester B.. 
Gordon. James A.. 
Kearns. Marion. 



Broaddus. Edward L.. 
Jellison. Zimri. 
Corman. William, 
Freeland. Francis. 
Freeth. Georgq W.. 
Gill. Josiah. 
Hardesty, William, 
Hiilyer, Lambert, 
Hawk, Samuel, 
Keller, William. 
Laughlin. John W.. 
Menzies. Walter. 
Milligan. Albert. 
Nichols. Seymour. 
Pierce. Frank. 
Smithers. Thomas J.. 
Sharp. Samuel. 
Penrose. John F.. 
Smith. John. 
Twitchell. William. 
Welch. James M.. 
Warren. Francis L.. 
('arter. James L.. 
Heath. E. A.. 
Plotts. Joseph C. 
Gordon. Benjamin F.. 
Keller. Joseph. 



Companies A and B (Drafted). 



Company G. 



Privates — 
Patrick. John R.. 
Steward. John A., 



Brothers, Albert, 
Taylor. Henry L. 



Company K. 



First-Sergeant— Ellis S. Stokes. 
Corporals— Thomas W. Blackston. Joseph A. 
Thornburg. 



Privates — 
Barker, James, 
Edmunson, William D.. 
Nichols. Alvinus W.. 
Scott. Theodore H.. 



Davis. James R.. 
Nergeman. Henry. 
Phillips. Martin. 
White, Marcus, 
Young. Ralph J. 



The Twenty-eighth Illinois Infantry was or- 
ganized at Camp Butler, near Springfield, in 
August, 1861, with Louis H. Waters as Lieuten- 
ant-Colonel; Charles .1. Sellen Major; J. B. T. 
Mead, Adjutant, and Hugh Erwin, Quarter- 
master. After moving to Thebes, 111., and 
Bird's Point, Mo., on October 2d it proceeded 
to Port Holt. Ky., where it was incorporated 
into the brigade of Colonel John Cook, but 
January 31, 1862, at Paducah, Ky.. was as- 
signed to General Lew Wallace's brigade. It 
moved up the Tennessee River, with the other 
troops, and participated in the capture of Forts 
Henry and Hinman. On February 13th a de- 
tachment of forty-eight men and twelve offi- 
cers, under Colonel Johnson, met 500 Confed- 
erates at Little Bethel and routed them. Mov- 
ing toward Pittsburg Landing, March 6th, it 
arrived on the scene of the siege on the 17th. 
On the morning of April 6th it was called into 
line and marched half a mile to the front, 
where it met the enemy driving General Pren- 



tiss. The position assigned the Twenty-eighth 
was on the left of the line, in the Peach Or- 
chard, and there an immediate attack of the 
enemy was repulsed, and the position held from 
8 o'clock a. m. until 3 o'clock p. m., when, un- 
der orders from the division commander, Gen- 
eral S. A. Hurlbut, the regiment retired. On 
the morning of the 7th the regiment held a 
position on the right of the line, and was hotly 
engaged until the battle closed and the vic- 
tory won, sustaining a loss of 239 killed and 
wounded. 

At the first meeting of the Board of Super- 
visors of McDonough County, held after the gal- 
lantry of the Twenty-eighth at Pittsburg Land- 
ing (or Shiloh) became known, Hon. James M. 
Campbell introduced the following resolution, 
which was unanimously and enthusiastically 
adopted: 

•■Resolved. That James M. Wallin, Esq.. the 
Chairman of this Board, be requested to pro- 
cure and present to Captain G. L. Fafwell. for 
his Company D, Twenty-eighth Regiment Illi- 
nois Volunteers, a national flag, as a token of 
merit and distinguished patriotism, in the bat- 
tle of Shiloh, on the 6th and 7th of April 
last, on behalf of McDonough County, Illinois." 

In May, 1862, the regiment was engaged at 
the siege of Corinth, and thence marched to 
Memphis, via Grand Junction, Lagrange, Holly 
Springs, Moscow, Lafayette, CoUierville and 
Germantown, reaching its destination July 21, 
1864. From Memphis it moved to Bolivar and 
the Big Muddy River, and on the 5th of Octo- 
ber took part in the battle of Metamora, on 
the Hatchie River, where it suffered a loss 
of ninety-seven killed, wounded and missing. 
After various movements during the following 
two months, on December 30th it was assigned 
to the definite task of gtrarding the railroad 
from Holly Springs to Waterford, Miss. It 
was engaged in the siege of 'Vicksburg from 
June 11 to July 4, 1863. and from the latter 
date until March 15, 1866, the regiment was 
in active service throughout Louisiana. At 
the date mentioned, it was mustered out of 
the service. 

At the organization of the Twenty-eighth Illi- 
nois, the number of men enlisting was 761; 
recruits, 959; total, 1,620; 241 killed and died; 
2S4 wounded. Of the 89 from McDonough 
County, 9 were killed, 9 died and 15 were 



> 

z 

o 



w 
o 

X 

> 

r 
m 

M 

o 
o 

z 




HISTORY iW McDONOlHJH COUXTV 



729 



woiimled. showing a record equal to any regi- 
ment in the field during the war. 



Privates— 
Wagoner. Jacob 



THIRTIETH INFANTRY. 
Company B. 

Whe&ler. Benjamin F. 
FIFTIETH INFANTRY. 



("omuany D. 
rriviUis— 
McManislc. William R.. Willis. John J. 



<'ompany F. 



Privates— 
L'liirke. Thaildeus S.. 
Elvans. William H., 
MeManlmle^ W., 
Mvers. Nuah, 



.Mhertiin. Finley B.. 
ICwalt. Nicholas. 
McManimie. Marion A. 
Perkey. Daniel. 
Strode, Jesse B. 



FIFTY-FIFTH INFANTRY. 



Ueutenant-t'tdonel — Milton Iv. 
Major— G. F. Hajid. 
t'haplaln— M. U. Haney. 

Company F. 



Haney. 



-Joshna R. 



Benton. David 
Parks, John 



First -Lieutenant;^ 
H<ilmes. 

Second- Lieutenants — Joseph W 
Jt>hnson. 

First-Sergeant— James M. Shreeves. 
Sergeant- George Sanford. 

Corporals- George H. Rogers, David M. Cram 
baugh. Giles F. Hand. 

Musician- David J. Matheny. 



Privates- 
Brady, .Archibald C.. 
Benton. Jitshtia. 
Carnes. William H., 
Crowl, William A., 
Dewey. John C. 
liunlap. I.eGrand, 
Kads, John. 
Fowraker. George W., 
Fugate. Robert M., 
Holmes. David N.. 
H*'nsley, Samuel H.. 
Hartsook. Jfiseph, 
Hutchins. George W., 
Inman, Jesse N., 
Jamestm, Robert S,, 
Long. Samuel. 
Lybarger. .Milton C. 
Medaris. Joseph B.. 
Mediiris. John C., 
Miller. Jacob C. 
>T(iore. .Mbertson, 
Newkirk. George W., 
Putman. Joseph P.. 
Patterson. Koliert S.. 
Potlnger. Samuel W.. 
Kog<-rs, Lewis B., 
Rickman. M(»ses B., 
Boiith. William. 
Kane. George. 
Carries. John. 
Crowl. George P., 
I>ewev, Edwin, 
Davis. Lloyd P.. 
Kwing. Joseph B.. 
Fost«-r. Channlng B., 
Fleharty. John N.. 
Hartsook. Daniel. 
Hendricks. Jjimes. 



Hartnian. .Aaron V.. 
Iloyt. Oliver J., 
Jones, Samuel, 
Johnson, John A., 
Long, George W.. 
Mead. Alfred. 
Maxwell. William J.. 
Miller, George S., 
McComl), Matthew, 
McDonaUl, James, 
Powers. John. 
Putman. J<thn M.. 
Pennington. Jacob A. 
Pennell. George W., 
Reed, Amenzo, 
Sanftird, Jacob, 
Sanford, Amos, 
Snapp, William, 
Swearingen. B<'nnelt. 
S[terling. Thetulore. 
Thomps<tn. Thomas E 
Wetsel. Daniel W.. 
Winget. lyouis. 
Winters. Augustus. 
King. Lyman B.. 
(tslKtrn. John. 
Perilum, Dallas, 
Sanford, Ebenezer. 
Sperling, Lewis W., 
Sliannon. Alvin. 
Tatmati. Edmond. 
Teilhworth. Oliver P. 
Wetsel. .Ahaz B.. 
Wycoff. Daniel L.. 
Wilson. J. O.. 
.Miller. John W.. 
Pattlson. W. S.. 
Smith, Kellogg J,. 



Company G. 

Sergeants- Thomas R. Scott. H. H. Weaver. 
CoriKirals — James B. Murphy, William J. Eck- 
ley, Stephen R. Bell. 

8 



Privates— 
Ayres, M. L., 
Briggs. W. A.. 
Caldwalader, M 
Emery, J. R.. 
Eckley. George W 
Eckle.v. James A. 
Gray. James W.. 
Hogue. James B.. 
Hlner. Jose|>h C. 
Lovelace. J. W.. 
Mills. David M., 
Mvers. John H., 
Smith, W. N.. 
Williams. Andrew 
Moorey. Harvey 



Privates — 
Dowmen. John. 
Kennedy. John. 



L.. 
W. 



Ball. Harrison. 
Baldwin, William G., 
l-oggswell, L. S.. 
A., Ervin. E, P.. 

Earley. William 
Fitzsimmons. T. , 
Gillesiile. James 
Hogue, William P., 
Jackson, George W., 
McKaig. R. B., 
Mctjueen, IL B.. 
Oglesby, Jo.seph, 
Sexton. John. 
Drake. D. N.. 
llensley, Samuel F. 



(J'ompany H. 



Ford, William. 
Merrick. John. 
Randi>lph. William. 



Company K. 
Cox. Robert M. 

The Fiffy-fltth Regiment w\'is organized 
at Camp Douglas. Chicago, October 31, 1861, 
and departed for the field on the 9th of No- 
vember. It was present at the siege of At- 
lanta, and at the battle of Jonesboro, August 
31, 1864, iost twenty-three men. It was mus- 
tered out of sen'ice August 14. 1865, having, 
during its term, marched 3,374 miles. Mc- 
Donough County was represented by 12.5 men, 
of whom 3 were liilled, 14 died and 17 were 
wounded. 

FIFTY-SEVENTH 1N1'"ANTRY. 

Company I. 

First-Lieutenant- Martin Hoagland. 
Second-Lieutenants— William S. Hendricks. John 
T. Parvin. 



Privates — 
.Anderson. P^lljah E., 
Hanks. George. 
Pellv. David. 
Smith. Richard L.. 
Downey. James. 
Jacob, Benjamin F., 



Brown. William P., 
McCord. William, 
Ralibitt. Robert. 
Smith. Henry. 
Head. Richard R.. 
.M<Bride. Samuel S. 



FIFTY'-NINTH INF.VNTRY. 



Company C. 

Captains— Brazillia M. Veatch. George R. Stire. 

First-Lieutenants — Norman Curtis. John H. 
Loop. 

Second-Lieutenants— Heslep Phillips. George R. 
Stlre, Samuel Purdam. 

Orderly-Sergeant— Dennis L. Burford, 

Sergeants — Jefferson G. Eastwood. Joseph 
Holm<s. Joseph H. Bayles. Henry R. Turpln. 

Corporals— William H. .McFIlroy. William A. 
Rlume. Norman Curtis. Samuel Purdam. George 
Iseminger. Heslep Phillips. John W. Leager. 

Musicians — Charles Veatch. Alison G. Weir. 

Wagoner— Samuel S. Bennett. 

Privates — 
.Msop. William B.. 
Barnum. Henry. 
Bell. George VV., 
Crants. George. 
Cumbal. Francis, 
Ohusy, John, 



Loge. Nathan. 
Loftis. William. 
McGoram. Thomas 
Murphy. James. 
McTiegh. Michael. 
Norman. George E 
Gelson. William, 



730 



HISTORY OF Mcdonough county. 



Purdam. Mesach. 
Painter. James H., 
Shanklin, John, 
Sullivan,, Joshua H., 
Trolock. Thomas. 
Tally, William, 
Jarvis, William H., 
Jamet, Charles, 
Loup, John H., 
Lawyer, Thomas, 
Mourning, John M., 
Melvin, Thomas J., 
Mullen, Michael, 
Morris, Willard, 
Nelfon, Benjamin, 
Olive, Richard, 
Phiver. L^uis, 
Spencer, Joseph, 
Stilson, Nicodemus, 
Sheets, James H., 
Torhouse, Henry, 
Purdam, Francis M., 



Dillon, James. 
Doughton, Andrew, 
Gastwood, George W., 
Emeil, William H., 
Gordon, Charles W., 
Gauf, Samuel T., 
Hoyt, Joel, 
Asendorf, Henry, 
Brinay, Chriest, 
Beals, Jesse W., 
Chung, Jackson W., 
Cochran, James, 
Chute, Abraham G., 
Dobbs, Henry, 
Dorsey, William M., 
Ellenge. James M., 
Erens. William, 
Green, Washington, 
Gallagher, Thomas, 
Herr, George W., 
Jacob, Samuel J., 
Jarvis, Gilbert, 
Loflam. Eugene, 

This regiment was mustered into the serv- 
ice in August, 1861, and was incorporated into 
the Ninth Missouri, being composed entirely 
of Illinois companies. On February 12, 1862, 
by order of the War Department, its name was 
changed to the Fifty-ninth Illinois Infantry. 
It participated in all the engagements in the 
States of Missouri, Tennessee, Louisiana and 
Georgia, being present at the terrible battle 
of Franklin and in the first Hue of the as- 
saulting column before Nashville. It was mus- 
tered out on December 8, 1865, In Company C 
there were seventy-nine men from this county, 
of whom seven were killed, seven died and 
seven were wounded. 

SIXTY-SECOND INFANTRY. 
Company H. 



Private — 
Belleville. Jacob N. 

Unaasigned Recruits 
Dixon, John, 

Company I 



Corporal— Jacob Pruat. 

Privates — 
.Abbott, Joshua, 
Daviii, John F.. 
Reno, ,\Iexander, 
Peak, Patrick, 



White, Charles W., 
Frank, Marlon, 
Williams. Moses J. 



Cordell, James, 
Flack, ."Mexander, 
Black, Richard S., 
Peak. William. 
Tatham, W. H. 



SIXTY-FOURTH INFANTRY. 



Company A. 



Abbott, George W., 
Blanchard. William, 
Clayton. Francis M., 



Anderson, Joseph, 
Cochran, Stephen D., 
Dinwiddle, Robert. 



Ciimpany F. 



Brown. Charles, 
Haskins. Ben,1aniin. 
Ralson, Jesse R.. 
Craig. William H.. 
Fair. William, 
Frank, Marion F., 
Kirkpatrick, William, 
Mourning, John W., 



Roberts, Adam, 
Dickerson, Charles, 
Dixon, John, 
Dutton, William. 
Johnson, ,Iohn M., 
Lloyd, John V.. 
Martin, Charles, 
Roberts. Elmore, 



Powell, James, 
Roberts, Chauncey, 
Wilson, Thomas M., 
Williams, Henry W., 
Haynes, Jonathan, 



Rowe, Louis P., 
Williams, Moses J., 
White, Charles W., 
Way, Enoch. 



SEVENTY-SECOND INFANTRY. 



Company G. 



Privates — 
Cecil, Henry A., 
Jenkins. Joseph, 
Jarvis. John M.. 
Morris, Harmon F., 
McDaniel, George W.. 
Miller, Henry G., 
Royce, John W., 
Smith, Markcay. 



Ewing, William. 
Jenkins, Thomas. 
Jarvis, Garrett J. D., 
Myers, John, 
McDaniel, William, 
Peters, Peter, 
Spurlock. Lewis J., 
McEIvain. George. 



Company I. 
Corporal— John C. Murray. 



Privates — 
Bartlett, Hiram M., 
Cole, Samuel D., 
Fordham. John, 
Marose, Daniel R., 
Negley, John F.. 
Wilson. Curtis B., 
Shreves. Henry S., 



Brannan, Patrick. 
Cooper. Cyrus, 
McEIvain, George W., 
Miller. John W., 
Sanders, Anthony. 
Megley, John F., 
Wilson, William. 
Wilson, Amos. 



SEVENTY-EIGHTH INFANTRY. 

Colonel— Carter Van Vleck. 
Major— William L. Broaddus. 
Adjutant — Charles V. Chandler. 
Surgeon — Thomas M. Jordan. 
Second Assistant Surgeon — Durham M. Creel. 
Chaplain — Robert F. Taylor. 
Sergeant-Major — Harman Veatch. 
Musicians — Daniel M. Carroll. Reuben L. May- 
nard. 

Wagon Master — Karr McClintock. 



Company A. 



Privates — 
Brundage. G. W., 
Fugate, Martin V., 
Frisby, Abraham, 
Scott, Amos. 
Toland. William. 
Hendricks. H. F., 



Brundage, James. 
Fugate, Samuel H., 
Husted, Talmon. 
Toland. Solomon, 
Johnson, David. 
Mullens, John W. 



Company C. 

Captains — Charles R. Hume, George W. Blandin. 
First-Lieutenants — O. P. Courtwright, Andrew J. 
O'Nell. 

Second-Lieutenant— John E. James. 



Privates — 
Bond, Marlon D. M., 
Boylan. Thomas C, 
Carter, Isaac G., 
Cole, Eleazer, 
Cames. Henrv. 
Cline. Marshall C. 
Downen, Thomas .T.. 
Dowell. George W., 
Duncan, James M., 
Duffield. William H., 
Forrest, John. 
Freeland. W'illiam C 
Galhreath. John T., 
Gibson, Samuel T.. 
Harmon, John. 
Hainline. John R., 
Hendricks, T^ewis. 
James, William E., 
Jenks. Joel H., 
Keithley, Perry, 
Bentley, Joseph H., 
Bridges, Thomas B., 



Mealey, Michael. 
Magie. Charles H., 
McFall, Sylvester, 
Meeks. Luther. 
Monohan, John, 
O'Neil. .\nrlrew .1., 
Rush. John W.. 
Riddell. Sylvester, 
Smith. William, 
Stafford, Albert J.. 
Tyft. Cyril. 
Venning, Henry, 
Worley. John L., 
Woodside. John W . 
Worlev. William H. H 
W^ilhelms. William A. 
Brown. Frederick P., 
Kirk, ,rohn W.. 
Tift, Semer. 
Warner. Jesse. 
Lawson, Joseph D., 
Morgan, Clinton, 
Mayhugh, John T., 




MR. AND MRS. SAMUEL L. GRAIN 



HISTORY OF Mcdonough county. 



731 



♦ •haffin, Phillip. 
Curtis, Mark M., 
Clark. Eilwanl, 
Curtis, Joseph P., 
Davis. Thomas J., 
Dixon, William, 
Duncan, John, 
Decker, Nathaniel, 
Frank. John, 
Green, John F., 
Oorham, John, 
Harmon, William 
Hamilton, Elisha, 
Huddleston, J. R., 
James. John W., 
James. John E., 
Kirkpatrick, F. A. 
Keithley. J. H.. 
Llnilsey. Thomas, 
McGee, William F., 
Messacher. Silas, 
Mayhugh. F. T., 
Michaels, Jacob H. 



Marshall. Josephus, 
Martin. George. 
Magie. James K.. 
Mayhugh. Laban D., 
Mlilcap, Nathaniel, 
Messacher, William 1 
Norrls, Charles U., 
O'Caln, James, 
Roberts, Peter B., 
Sherry, Marion, 
Spielman, C. L,, 
W., Sims. John. 

T'ipton. James. 
Warner. William H., 
Wilson. .-Vndrew. 
Wilson. Klias H., 
Welsh. James L,.. 
Bavles. Joseph W., 
Chaffin. Michael. 
Pace. Ingram. 
Terry. Richard L... 
James. Poseph E. 



Bates. William. 



Company D. 



Company F*. 



Captain— Elisha Morse. 

Company I. 

Captain— Granville H. Reynolds. 
First-Lieutenant— Hardin Hovey. 
Second-Tjleutenants — James H. 
Charles V. Chandler. 



McCandless. 



Privates — 
.\rnold. Ira. 
.Mthouse. Lebeus. 
Buchanan. James C, 
Bennett. Albert C. 
Bowman. William H.. 
Brown. Christopher, 
Balchelor, John. 
<'hase. James M.. 
Allen, Richard C, 
Anstine, Theodore P., 
Brown, Daniel, 
Beatty, Simon B.. 
Baymiller. Michael, 
Bear. John O., 
t_'"hapman. Douglas M.. 
Clark. Jerome J.. 
Cowgill. John F.. 
Carroll. James S., 
Carnahan, S.. 
Diseron, Daniel, 
DeCamp, Goin S.. 
Doran. Hugh H.. 
Garrison. Zach M.. 
Gill, Benjamin F., 
Hall, George P., 
>iamilton P., 
I^ne, Benjamin F,, 
Monfort, L. M., 
Mc<~'andless, Wilson, 
Myers, John V., 
McClellan, John, 
Maytleld. Joseph. 
Pitman. Burress R.. 
Pembroke, John F., 
Parker. Henry, 
Rhea, Ellas B,. 
Reed. Henry G., 
Shannon, John F.. 
Stewart, Francis M., 
Shannon, James P., 
Stewart. John F., 
Smith, Joseph A.. 
Smith. William F".. 
Tunis. Isaac. 
Vincent. David A.. 
Weaver. John. 



Wilson. T..ewis R.. 
Broaddus. Thomas H.. 
Carroll. John R.. 
Cupp. William C, 
Kills. James C. 
Gibson. Samuel F.. 
M<'CIure. Hugh. 
Sims. John. 
Carroll. Daniel M., 
Craig. Simeon. 
Downen. Thomas J., 
David. George H.. 
Dallam. Samuel W.. 
Edmondson. Thomas. 
Gibson. John. 
Hows. John B.. 
Hogue. George P.. 
Hummer. John M.. 
I.aughlln. Robert F.. 
McCandless, M)ts(?s A., 
Maxwell. John C. 
McClellan. James C, 
McClellan. William G.. 
Pennington. Joseph L., 
Pitman. George, 
Plotts. Thomas M.. 
Painter. George. 
RIcketts, Harvey. 
Reeil. William R., 
Scurider. Jesse B.. 
Stewart. John W.. 
Stewart. Thomas B., 
Scud<ier. Martin V.. 
Smith. James H.. 
Tunis. Joseph. 
Vail. Thomas J.. 
Weaver. William. 
Wlthrow. James E., 
Wilson. Rufus R.. 
Bridges. Thomas B., 
Cupp. Jonas P.. 
Decker. Nathaniel. 
Faber. Jacob. 
McClintock. Karr. 
Pace. Ingram A.. 
Wilhelm. A.. 
Wilhelm. Samuel P. 



This regiment was organized at Quincy, III., 
by Colonel William H. Bennison, in August, 
1862, and mustered into the service on the Ist 
of December. It was at once ordered to Louis- 
ville and assigned to the Second Brigade, 
Fourth Division, Army of the Ohio, and after- 
ward transferred to the Second Brigade, Sec- 
ond Division, Fourteenth Army Corps. In June 
it participated in the forward movement of the 
Union forces under Rosecrans, and was active 
in the operations around Chickamauga, where 
Maj"Qr William L. Broaddus was killed at the 
first volley of the Confederates. After this bat- 
tle Colonel Bennison resigned and was suc- 
ceeded by Carter Van Vleck, of Macomb. The 
regiment subsequently took part in nearly 
every engagement from Chickamauga to At- 
lanta, and bore its full share of hard fighting. 
After the capture of the city the command was 
a part of the famous onward movement to the 
coast. Colonel Van Vleck was mortally wound- 
ed by a sharp-snooter. dying August 23, 1864, 
deeply mourned by all his men. who were de- 
votedly attached to him. 

The regiment was mustered out .June 7. 1865. 
McDonough County furnished 214 of its men. 
of whom 1.5 were killed. 28 wounded and 23 
died while in service; 20 were taken prisoners, 
6 of whom died at Andersonville and 3 in Libby 
Prison. No better body of men than these 
of the Seventy-eighth went into the field, or 
were more active during the entire term of 
their service. 

EIGHTY-FOURTH 1NF.\NTRY. 

Colonel— Lewis H. Waters. 
Adjutant — Charles E. Waters. 
Qu.artermaster — Louis A. Simmons. 
Surgeon— James B. Kyle. 

Company A. 

Captains— John P. Higglns. Willis Edson. 

Second-Lieutenants — William F. Stearns. John 
S. Walker. 

Sergeants— John McCabe. Edwin B. Rail. Thomas 
M. Whitehead. 

Corporals— Warren S. Odell. David J. Tuggle, 
William J. Lea. Joseph B. Worthman. Quincy A. 
Roberts. Thomas J. Starns. William Jones. 



Privates — 
Allen. Coffner W., 
Blair. Samuel, 
Butler. Preston, 
(^lark. Jacob. 
Clark. Milton. 
Casto. Thomas J.. 
Covalt. .\braham 1 
Case Edward. 
Driscoll. John. 
Davis. John W.. 
Gadd. Frank. 



.\rcher. George C. 
Brotherton. Silas E., 
Baker. John. 
Clarke. James S.. 
Casto. George W.. 
t^ox. Nathan C.. 
Crane. John A.. 
Dunsworth. D. B.. 
Deardorff. Joseph. 
Fentom. George. 
Green. William T.. 
Kelly. James. 



732 



HISTORY OF McDONOUGH COUNTY. 



Holliday. Francis M.. 
L-ane. David H., 
Misener, Charles W.. 
Morris. Richard L., 
Owen. Nathaniel. 
Parks. George, 
Pelsor. John C. 
Patrick, Charles, 
Reno, Joseph L... 
Shoopman, Jacob, 
Shepherd, Thomas J.. 
Slyter, Lorenzo. 
Tuggle. Crawford. 
Voorhees. John. 
White. Thomas W.. 
Willis. Able H.. 
Whiting. Charles H., 
Dawson. Richard A., 
Chase. Chauncey, 
McCamenout. J. P., 



Lutes, (iranvillc M.. 
Maury. Thomas B.. 
Nolan. Michael. 
O'Bryan. Edward. 
Parks. John. 
Patrick. Samuel. 
Remick, Augustus. 
Robertson. James T.. 
Spear. Samuel R.. 
Slyter, Philo. 
Smizer. John, 
Voorhees. George R.. 
Walker. Daniel. 
Wood, Richard A.. 
Wilson, Zacharia, 
Wells. Christopher C 
Clarke. Benjamin F., 
Mitchell. Wilford. 
Willis, George W. 



Corporals— Eli EI well, James H. Kennie. Rufus 
L. Cox. 



Company B. 
Corporals— R. H. McClintock. David (i. Harland. 



Privates- 
Andrews, Martin, 
Hannon. Patrick, 
Leighty, John H.. 
Mitchell. Coleman, 
Stambaugh. Jacob, 
Toland. John T.. 
Walker. Samuel. 



Chappell, W.. 
Green. William T.. 
Miles. Augustus, 
Smiter, James P.. 
Stambaugh. Samuel. 
Walker. Ebenezer. 
Greer, John A. 



Company <_'. 

Captain— William Ervin. 
First-Lieutenant- Joseph G. Wiiters. 
Second-Lieutenants — William P. Pearson. Wil- 
liam F. Jones. 

First -Sergeant— William T. Harris. 
Sergeants— John S. Pro vine. John A. Eyre, 
^George T. Yocum. William Pointer. 

Corporals — Daniel Wooley. Edward S. Piper. 



William J. Hampton. William 
Blackburn, Nathan A. Miller. 



J. Hensley. Alex. 



Privates— 
Adcock. Joseph T.. 
Broaddus, Thomas H., 
Brown, David, 
Cord. William G.. 
Champ. Martin H.. 
Dailev. Isaac W., 
Foley. William H., 
Hill, James. 
Hall. Henry. 
Harris, George W., 
Hammer. Josiah Y., 
Johnson, James, 
Kelsey. Cyrus, 
Markham, Albert. 
Martin. Thomas J.. 
l\Iaines. David, 
Pennington. C. W., 
Purdam. Abraham. 
Pennington, R. W.. 
Rollins. John H.. 
Sumpter. Henry. 
Sweeney. John W.. 
Stratton. Eliiah. 
Smith. Edward. 
Sweeney. William. 
Venable. John W., 
VanMeter. Henry. 
Willis. Abraham V.. 
Winslow. Charles F.. 
W'ayland. William H.. 
Hunter. James H., 



Avery. Daniel. 
Brooks. Francis. 
Bowlin. John S.. 
Chapman. William A. 
l.iailey, James, 
Erwin. Jesse L.. 
Ferguson. J. V.. 
Harris, John. 
Herron. Wesley C. 
Herndon. Allen A., 
Harlan. Marcus L-. 
Kemble. Thomas K., 
Lee. Cicero B.. 
McQuestion. Alex.. 
McDaniels. G. W., 
Maxwell. George. 
Provine, James H., 
Purdam, James, 
F'ennington, W. T., 
Ringer. William W.. 
Simmons. William W.. 
Stratton. John W., 
Smith. Samuel A., 
Swigart, Josiah. 
Tandy. Jeptha M.. 
Vleet. David. 
Witherell. Cyrus. 
Winslow. William H.. 
Wilkinson. F".. 
Walker. William C. 
Hankins. John. 



Company E. 
Taylor, Benjamin F. 

Company F. 
Second-Lieutenants— Samuel Frost, Joseph Price. 



Privates — 

Benson. Vachel, 
Graves, Allen. 
Hammond. Benjamin. 
Kerr. Clayburn T.. 
MeConnell. George, 
McFadden. Samuel N., 
Sea burn, George, 
Shaffer. John. 
Swearingen. George, 
Turner. Thomas B.. 
Walroth. Abram N.. 



Enders. Christopher. 
Herlocker. James M., 
Kerr, George N., 
Knock. Daniel. 
Miller. Levi A.. 
Nebergall, Reuben J.. 
Sloan. John F.. 
Swearingin. Martin. 
Thomas, John. 
West el. Christopher. 
Culp. William. 



The Eighty-fourth was one of the most gal- 
lant regiments of the State of Illinois. It was 
organized at Quincy, by Colonel Lewis H. M^a- 
ters, in August, 1862, its commanding officer 
having served a few months as Lieutenant- 
Colonel of the Twenty-eighth. On September 
1, 1862, the regiment was mustered into the 
service with 951 men, rank and file. Ordered 
to report at Louisville on the 23d of Septem- 
ber, it was there assigned to the Tenth Bri- 
gade of the Fourth Division, and on the 29tti 
of the same month marched with the brigade 
in pursuit of Bragg. Its long march finally 
brought it to Nashville, but the first battle 
of any importance in which the regiment par- 
ticii>ated was that of Stone River, or Mur- 
freesboro, which occurred on the 31st of De- 
cember, 1862, to January 3, 1863. This was 
one of the bloodiest conflicts of the war, and 
in them the Eighty-fourth displayed rare gal- 
lantry, losing 228 men killed and wounded. In 
June the Eighty-fourth was again with Rose- 
crans' army in search of General Bragg, and, 
not finding the enemy at Chattanooga, pushed 
on rapidly in his rear. September 19th the 
armies engaged in battle, with indecisive re- 
sults; finally, on the 20th, Rosecrans retired. 
General Thomas alone stood between disaster 
and rout all that long, terrible afternoon, while 
around his veterans surged the entire Confed- 
erate force: but he, also, was obliged finally to 
retire to Chattanooga. The Eighty-fourth was 
among his heroes, and when the roll was called 
at Chattanooga, 172 of its men failed to re- 
spond. 

On the 24th of November the Eighty-fourth 
was ordered on duty and took part in the mem- 
orable battle of Lookout Mountain. It engaged 
in the battle of Dalton, May 13. 1864. and was 
also present at Resaca, May 14th; Burnt Hick- 
ory, May 26th to 31st, and Dallas. June 1st, 2d 
and 3d. At the battle of Kenesaw Mountain 
and the siege of Atlanta it bore a prominent 





^^^c 




HISTORY OF Mcdonough county. 



733 



part. When Sherman's army drew out of At- 
lanta, Thomas' Corps was left to defend Nash- 
ville, and during the sanguinary contlicts at 
Franl^lin and Nashville, December 15th and 
IC.th. the Eighty-fourth sustained its reput;Uion 
for bravery. 

The total casualties sustained by this gal- 
lant regiment numbered .55S men. On the Sth 
of June, 1865, it was mustered out of the serv- 
ice and returned home. The 205 men from 
this county were divided between Companies 
A. B. C, K and F. Of these. 11 were killed, :!9 
died in the service. 39 were wounded and one, 
,lohn R. Carroll, was cai)tured and died in An- 
dersonville Prison. His remains rest in grave 
No. 7,937. The citizens of the county held 
this regiment in high esteem, watching care- 
fully its every movement and rejoicing exceed- 
ingly at the return of the survivors. 

EIGHTY-EIGHTH INFANTRY. 

Company A. 

Campbell. Thomas. Moss, Samuel. 

Peterman. Davlil P., Randoliih. John H. 

Company F. 
Sergeant— James W. Wilson. 
Private — Hollenbeck, Francis. 
ONE Ht'NDRED AN1> 'rHIKD INK.VNTRY. 

Company F. 

Corporal— Andrew J. Justice. 

ilusicians— William .\. Smith. William E. Cooper. 



Privates- 
Buck. Joseph H., 
Baughman. Samuel. 



Buck. Joseph. 
Holler. William, 
Post, William. 



Company G. 



Ames. Americas. 
Myers. Artemus. 



Yocum, John W. 



ONE HCNOREi:) AN1> lOIGHTEENTH 
INFANTfiV. 



Company A. 



Freeman. John P.. 
I.eal. Clark, 



Fortne.v, Henry M., 
Martin, Henry C. 



Company B. 



Bnrham, James T., 
T.adil, Andrew I... 
Mattelu, Conrad. 
Wells. Lewis T., 



HaiRht, John. 
McCants, T,eiinder. 
R.amsey. Samuel. 
Welder. Alonzo. 



Company E. 
Corporals— Jacob I). Bungar, George W. Thomas. 
Company I. 



House, William A. 



Company K. 



ONE HCNDRED ANIJ NINETEENTH 
INFANTRY. 

Company H. 

Captain— Samuel McConnell. 

First-Lieutenants — Henrv C. Mullen, Jackson 
Wells. 

Second-Lieutenant— Samuel D. Sawyer. 

First-Sergeant- Nathan B. McGraw. 

Sergeants— L«vl S. Mills. Robert T. Carter. Joel 
C. Bond, Parvis H. Moore. 



Privates — 
Arthur. Daniel. 
.\mos, George W., 
Borxh, James, Jr., 
Booth. James C., 
Booth. John. 
Clark. James. 
Crownover. F. L.. 
Ci>\-ert. .John. 
I>lHK';iii. Benjamin. 



Plotts. Martin L., 
Pugh, Alexander. 
Snook, Roswell H.. 
Thomas, William. 
Whittlesev. William H., 
Maxwell. John A.. 
Camp, Thomas J., 
Hvile. Charles. 
Ralston. David R.. 
Eby. Jeremiah W.. 



Hazel. St)lomon, 
Philip, Felix L., 



Martin. George W., 
Toland, D. L. 



.Anderson. William II.. Faust, Charles. 

Bomi. Benjamin. Frankenburg. Benjamin, 

Burch.Ht, Henrv B.. Faulkner. William, 

Bechtel. David. Gibson. Alphens M., 

Carter, John R., Hall, James, 

Covert, Joseph B.. Loggard. Tolbert, 

Covert. David. Kantz, George, 

Cruser, DeWitt T. B.. Long, Samuel C.. 

Duncan. James E., McMasier, William W., 

Dewey, William H.. Nole. William T.. 

Frost. Richard T.. Parvin. Isaac M.. 

Falck. Frederick. Plotts. John C. 

Fleming, John. Purman. John H., 

Farley. George. Stearns, Abdallah M., 

Holiart. John. Sutton. James A., 

Hunt, Manning F., Wilson. Lewi.s. 

Kepple. James V., Frankenburg. J. W.. 

Lemmons. James H., Morris. John. 

McKennelley. W. L., Couch. William H., 

McMein, Amnion P., Ittle, John, 

Oglesby. William T., Wagner. John. 
Pelly. John D.. 

The One Hundred and Nineteenth Regiment 
was organized at Quincy, 111., in September, 
1SG2. by Colonel Thomas J. Kinney, and mus- 
tered into the service on the 10th of October. 
On November 2d the regiment was ordered to 
Columbus, Ky., and assigned to the Fourth 
Brigade, Fifth Division, Sixteenth Army Corps, 
under General .A.. J. Smith, the Federal forces 
moving up the Red River to the assistance of 
General IJanks. The Illinois command took 
part in all the operations of that expedition, 
and on April 7th stood the brunt of the bat- 
tle at Pleasant Hill. They were also present 
at the battles around Nashville, December 15th 
and 16th, embarking for New Orleans on the 
Sth of February. 1865, and engaging in the as- 
saults at Spanish Fort and Fort Hlakely. Sub- 
sequently the regiment was ordered to .Mobile 
and .Montgomery. Ala., and was mustered out 
of the service August 26, 1.S65, arriving at 
Camp Butler on the 4th of September. 

Company ri, of this regiment, contained 
eighty-one men from .McDonough County, of 
whom eight were killed in battle and are now 
slee[)ing in Southern soil. 



734 



HISTORY OF Mcdonough county. 



ONE HUNDRED AND TWENTY-FOURTH 
INFANTRY. 

Compa,ny D. 

Captains— Stephen Brink. Abrahann Newland. 
Second-Lieutenant— Travis Mellor. 
Sergeant— John Bechtel. 
Corporals— John Beglan, James H. Kirk, Joseph 
Jackson. 

Musician— William S. Wilson. 



Privates— 
Byerly. David, 
Brodbent, Thomas, 
Bainbridge. John, 
Calbert. Simon, 
Dung-an. John, 
Deener, William F.. 
Ennis, John W., 
Green. William M.. 
Hickman. William, 
Hainline, A. J.. 
McKenzie. William, 
Mourning. F. M., 
Bechtel, A. G., 
Barrett. Abner. 
Boyd. William H., 
Chapin. Robert, 
Dewey. Victor M., 
Duncan. Joseph, 
Gartside. Job, 
Hume. Thomas. 
Hall. George. 
Milbourne. William, 
Moore. John J., 
Mumma. David, 
Nelson. E. C, 
Spicer. Benjamin F., 



York. John. 
Burford. William J.. 
Holton. John W., 
Huff, Francis M., 
Jenkins. David. 
Mitchell. Robert, 
Mammon. Henry J., 
Richards, J. H., 
Shannon. Walter. 
Shannon. Edward. 
Swigert, Zachariah, 
Smith, John. 
Smith. John T., 
Terrill, John, 
Young. George M., 
Delay. William H.. 
Hutchinson. A. H., 
Jarvis. Henry M.. 
Lowell, John H., 
Moore. John. 
Pvle. William A., 
Richards. John T., 
Sullivan. M. O.. 
Sheets. George R.. 
Twitchell. Almond D., 
Delay, Jacob, 
Wear. James M. 



Company I. 

Captains— Thomas K. Roach. Benjamin A. Grif- 
fith. 

First-Lieutenant— Elijah Barton. 

Second-Lieutenant— James M. Griffith. 

Sergeant— James S. Shryak. 

Corporals— Thomas O. Bugg. David T. Guy, 
Milo Hobart. William B. Greenup. 

Musician— Milton J. Stokes. 



Privates- 
Bowers, Thomas J., 
Bugg, Benjamin. 
Campbell. W. M., 
Foley. Thomas. 
Foster. William. 
Griffith. Cary F.. 
Harrison. Joseph D., 
Kennet. Jasper. 
McDonald. Daniel, 
Murphy, George C, 
Overton, Joseph B.. 
Sypherd. Flavins J., 
Stodgill. Isaac N., 
Wooley. Moses F., 
Creasy. John. 
Browning. John W.. 
Bugg, S. A.. 
Duncan. William H., 
Forrest. Henry T.. 
Guy, Nathaniel M.. 
Hainline. Joseph H.. 
Hawkins. William B.. 
McCanley. William. 
Murfin. William. 
Morris. William C, 
Phillips. John C. 
Stokes, Wesley S., 
Teas. Joseph C., 
Yard. Job, 



Fullerton, Hiram, 
Foley. James M., 
Gilbert. George G., 
Goodling. Lyman. 
Hainline, David L.. 
Loveli. John N., 
McGraw, Calvin. 
Murphy. Luther. 
Sweeney. William O., 
Burrows, William, 
Frost, Ephraim. 
Heslop. George P., 
Leake, Pennel. 
Morgan. John H.. 
Silverston. William P 
Gilbert, Barnard. 
Gilbert. James R.. 
Griffin. Joseph F.. 
Hawkins. Robert B.. 
Loveli. Charles W.. 
Morton. George. 
Rymer. John H.. 
Wariner. James. 
Divine. Edwin. 
Hannaford. Charles I 
Johnson. Amos B., 
Masten, Joel H., 
Paulk. Alfred, 
Williams. S. L. 



County, was organized at Camp Butler by Col- 
onel Thomas J. Sloan, in September, 1862. 
After being mustered into the service it moved 
to Jackson, Tenn., where, on October 6th, it 
was assigned to the Third Brigade. First Di- 
vision, Thirteenth Army Corps. This regiment 
took part in nearly all the battles of the West, 
and those fought along the Mississippi River. 
In a contest wherein five regiments competed, 
the One Hundred and Twenty-fourth received 
a stand of colors as a prize for the best drilled 
of the contestants. Upon the banner was this 
inscription: "Excelsior Regiment! Third Di- 
vision. Seventh Corps. From the hands of Ma- 
jor-General McPherson, for excelling in soldier- 
ly appearance, discipline and drill." The reg- 
iment was mustered out of the service of the 
United States at Chicago, August -5. 1865. (See 
on pages 737-738, in the latter part of this chap- 
ter, under the head, "The Surrender of Vicks- 
burg." an interesting reminiscence of that event 
in connection with the history of the One Hun- 
dred and Twenty-fourth Hlinois. ) 



one ht'ndred and twenty-fifth 
infantry; 



Company H. 



Coon, Peter. 



ONE HUNDRED AND THIRTY-SEVENTH 
INFANTRY. 

Lieutenant-Colonel— Thomas K. Roach. 
Surgreon — William A. Huston. 
Second Assistant Surgeon— Robert G. Scroggs. 
Acting Assistant Surgeon — Benjamin I. Dunn. 
Principal Musician — James S. Carroll. 

Company C. 

Captain — Brazillia Veach. 
First -Sergeant— Thaddeus Huston. 
Sergeant— James H. Drais. 

Corporals— John B. Russell. James R. Bailey, 
Fred L. Lancy, Peter Mcintosh. 
Musician — Charles Penrose. 



Privates- 
Brown. Isaac N. P., 
Cord. Thaddeus C, 
Darnell. Homer I^.. 
Duncan. John. 
Essex. William. 
Barber. George W.. 
Cemmis. Samuel. 
Chai>man. Frank M., 
Dorothy. Archibald. 
Eakle. Milton. 
Herron. Eli P., 



Hooker. Francis M.. 
Lea. William J.. 
Miller. Edward M., 
Maylor. Albert. 
Roach. John M., 
Thompson. James, 
Kious. Jacob. 
Martin. John. 
Moore. Joseph, 
Nicholas. Henry P., 
Runkle. Darius. 
T'pdegraff. A. W. 



The One Hundred and Twenty-fourth Regi- 
ment, containing 116 men from McDonough 



Company D. 

Captain— John B. Johnson. 
First -Lieutenant — James Robb. 
First-Sergeant— Charles Broadbent. 
Sergeants — Palmer E. Hughson. Peter C. 
Corporals- James Tannehill. Henry C. 
Orion H. Bliss. John C. Dew^ey. 



St ire. 
King, 



HISTORY OF Mcdonough county. 



735 



rrivates— 
ArboKast. Henry. 
C'arrirr. GciirKi- D., 
Diivlf. Alb«Tt \V., 
Funk. Jcistph H., 
Krelder. Jacub. 
Murra.v. Arthur. 
Painter. J<ihn \\'.. 
Raymi>n<i, Simon. 
Saekett. Solmntin. 



Boylc. William, 
(.'ollar. Allen J. P., 
Drake. William P.. 
Hull. Henry. 
Menonalti. Isaac J.. 
Owens. .Mexander, 
I'li.tts. William L... 
Hiil)iiisi>ii, Hamilton, 
Sheley, Samuel, 
Stantial. Christopher 



(_\imi>any G. 
First-Lieutenant — John M. Johnson. 



Privates— 
Adrook. Georjje P.. 
Kuek. George W.. 
Crablree. B. F.. 
Jellison. Zimri. 
Johnson. K<i\vard R,. 
Orr. John. 
Scalf. William. 
Wilstead, Thomas G., 



.\kers(m, Joseph. 
Carrier. Alonzo E., 
Henry. William J.. 
Jellison. John, 
Mallam. Robert, 
I'atriek. Charles, 
Wolf. Jacob, 
Whittier, Laforest, 



Company I. 



follows: 32 men in Company C, commanded 
by Captain Barzilla Veatch; 2S men in Com- 
pany D, Captain John B. Johnson, of Prairie 
City; 17 men in Company G, and 71 men in 
Company I. Captain William H. OKlesby, of 
Bushnell. commanding;. Of these three were 
killed in battle, four died in the service and 
twenty were taken prisoners. The reRiment 
was mustered out at Springfield on September 
4, 1864. .\mong the regimental officers were 
several well known citizens of McUonougli 
County, including Thomas K. Roach, of Col- 
chester; Dr. William A. Huston, of Macomb; 
Assistant Surgeon Robert G. Scroggs. and -Act- 
ing Assistant Surgeon Benjamin I. Dunn, of 
Macomb. Dr. Huston died at .Memphis, June 
25, 1864. 



Captain— William H. Oglesby. 

First-I. ieutenant— Andrew R. Wilson. 

Second- l-ieutenant — James N. Porter. 

First-Sergeant— Charles U. Hendrickson. 

Sergeants — James A. Kyle, James T. McDonald. 
Cori'orals- Edwin D. Dudley. Jacob R. Dawson. 
Samuel F. Sanders. Myron M. Myrick, Silas W. 
Adcock. Melton B. Chapman. 



Privates- 
Austin. George W., 
Anderson, W. H., 
Barnes, Asa L., 
Bennie, James, 
Carroll, James S., 
Ccnich. James W., 
('(ituion. Andrew L,., 
Davis, David A., 
I-)uncan. Isaac, 
Dlnington. James R., 
Hensley. William J., 
Hageman. C. W., 
Keirns, \Villlam, 
Ivownes, Charles R., 
t^aughlln, Edwin T., 
.Miller. Robert H., 
.Mills. William D.. 
Overman, John W., 
Porter. Lester W., 
Pearson, Joseph A., 
Purkev. William. 
Hatekln. William H., 
Shreves. Milton, 
Sherman, A.. 
Spencer, William A., 
Toland. Stephen. 
West, Martin, 
Wheeler, Isaac D.. 
Wells, David L.. 



Arnold, Lewis C., 
Adams. Charles E., 
Barclay, James, 
Couch, William H., 
Chambers, David, 
Chaddock. James, 
Clark. Wilbur C, 
Davidson. Samuel I., 
Folsom, Edgar A., 
Hogue. Get>rge P., 
Harris, Henry H., 
Jones. George T., 
Little, John P.. ' 
L,eMaster, James L., 
Martin. Jacob E., 
Montague, Benjamin, 
McGlnnis, John F., 
Pottenger. James H., 
Pennell, William J., 
Prindle, C'haimcey K., 
Pugh, John W.. 
Rodecker, William H., 
Scrutchlleld, J. A., 
Smick, William .■\., 
Steel, James, 
Walker. James H., 
Woollev. Ijewls B., 
Wychoff. Daniel L., 
\\'ilson. Nelson M., 
Walker, Robert A. 



The One Hundred and Thirty-seventh Regi- 
ment, Illinois Volunteer Infantry, was organ- 
ized at Quincy. by Colonel John Wood, and 
mustered into the 100-days" service on the 5th 
of June, lSfi4. Four days later it proceeded to 
Memi)hls. where it was assigned to the Fourth 
Brigade, District of Memphis, Colonel E. L. 
Baltwick. of the Thirty-ninth Wisconsin Infan- 
try, commanding. McDonough County fur- 
nished 153 men to the regiment, distributed as 



ONE HUNDRED AND THIRTY-EIGHTH 
INFANTRY. 

Company A. 
Duncan, Dr. B. A. 

ONE HUNDRED AND FIFTY-FIRST 
INFANTRY. 

Company C. 

Captains — George C. Steach, James L. Cochran. 

First-Dleutenant— Harvey T. Gregg. 

Quartermaster-Sergeant- Isaiah L. Bailey. 

Commissary-Sergeant— Zimri M. Parvln. 

Hospital Steward— Wiley C. Longford. 

Sergeants— William H. Parrish. Henry Arbogast. 

Corporals— John H. Dixon. John W. Painter, 
Rollins Whittlesey, Thomas R. Ritenour, Abraham 
Arthurs. John H. Snook. Charles E. Blackburn. 

Musicians— WMIber C. Clark, Richard Hillyer. 



Privates— 
W^agoner, J. S. K.. 
Atkinson. William H., 
Brink, Stephen. 
Beaver, Francis M.. 
Campbell, Murray L., 
Collier. Thoma.s. 
Davidson. Ezekiel C 
Dean. Thomas W., 
Gray, James A., 
Gadden, Cyrus J.. 
Hickman. Bayard, 
Iseman. David. 
Johnson. Joseph, 
Lester. Calvin. 
Laughlin. Edwin F., 
Moore. James W., 
Montgomery. John, 
Mariner, George, 
Markham, Bvron, 
Marsh, Gilbert H., 
Niekerson. D. A.. 
Pierson, Thomas, 
Steel, William, 
Seatrer, Alliver P., 
Tittsworth. John M., 
Thompson. John W., 
Welsbrod. George. 
Whittier. Laforrest, 
Waid. John J., 
Barry. Robert, 



.^dams, Albert J., 
Broaddus, John R., 
Boyer. Silas M., 
Chapman. Henrv, 
Cottrell. William J., 
Carter, George W., 
Davidson, Garrett, 
Dace. John. 
Greenwell. Francis M., 
Hinesman. William, 
Hudson. Wash. W., 
Jellison. John. 
Lelghty. Henry. 
Langley. Barnett W., 
Miller. Charles C, 
Muckey, George W., 
Martin. John B.. 
Myer. Benjamin F.. 
McElvain, George H., 
McLaren. John, 
Nash. Andrew W., 
Pittinburgen. Martin, 
Sperling. Robert B., 
Travis. James, 
Towers, Henry J., 
Thomson. Charles L., 
Welsbrod, August, 
Wenkler, Leopold, 
Wolf, Dallas, 
Cord, Thaddeus C. 



736 



HISTORY OF McDONOUGH COUNTY. 



Company H. 

Corporal — Richard N. Pearson. 



Musicians— C. Morris, flfer; J. F. Foley, drummer. 



Privates — 
Brown, Edwin F., 
Carstens, A. W., 
Hobart, Lewis, 
Kennedy, John. 
McGuire. John, 
McPherson, G., 



Campbell. Samuel A.. 
Crawford. James, 
Humberd, J. P., 
McDermitt, M., 
McCormick. William, 
Maxwell, William. 



Company 1. 
Corporal — Ellis Buchanan. 



Privates — 
Bacon. Daniel, 
Cowdry, Spencer, 
Dorset, Harrison. 
Hudson, W., 
Hall, Avory. 
Kelsev. John S.. 
Nutt. John. 
Pryor. Timothy. 
Robertson. John W.. 
Strucker. Joseph. 



Cochran. Ashurv C. 
Cook. Robert. 
Graham. Hush. 
Herricks. .\Imeriin. 
Hearns. H. H.. 
Mower. Francis M.. 
Pickens. William A., 
Roach, Elam A., 
Robertson. Barton. 
Whitson. Abijah. 



Company K. 



Allen, John. 
Caldwell, John. 
Evans, Job J.. 
Farrier. James. 
Hall. Georg-e A., 
O'Brien, John, 
Robertson, John, 
Upton, Charles W. 



P.urrows. JoseiJh. 
Cooper. Robert. 
Farrell. Michael. 
Hunsaker. James. 
Tjovitt. Thomas. 
Pike. John. 
Toner. John. 
Wallace. B.. 
White. Thoma.s. 



This regiment was organized at Quincy and 
mustered into tiie service February 2S, 1.S65, 
the enlistment being for one year. It was 
armed and equii)i)ed at Springfield, and ordered 
to Xashville, Tenn., on the 7th of March; 
on the 2d of May proceeded to Kingston, Ga., . 
via Resaca and Calhoun, arriving May 12th 
and having the honor of accepting the surren- 
der of General Warford and his command. 
On the 13th, 14th and 15th of May they were 
employed in the paroling of 10,400 prisoners. 
The regiment remained at Kingston, guarding 
Government property, and on July 28th pro- 
ceeded to Columbus, Ga., where, on January 
24, lS6fi, it was mustered out of the service, 
the men receiving their final pay and honor- 
able discharge February 8. 1866. In the com- 
mand were 138 men from McDonough County. 
of whom four died during the term of enlist- 
ment of a little less than a year. 

TENTH MISSOT'Rl INFANTRY. 
Company B. 

Captain — Willia«i F. Bayne. 

First-T^ieutenant — James E. Flemingc. 

Second- Lieu tenant — Jerry Randolph. 

Sergeants — David S. Randolph. Calvin R. Single. 
James McClellan, James F. Jones, John H. Moore. 

Corporals— James F. Greenup. James W. Hardin. 
C. J. Lind.sey. Isaac Halterman. Russell T. Stokes. 
John Matheny. Crawford Cuddison. John W. Clark. 



Privates — 
Samuel Baldwin. 
Reece ^V. Barnes. 
P. Cubbison, 
W. H. Davis. 
Francis F. Fleming. 
Samuel H. Frisclive. 
Albert Freas. 
Hiram P. Howe. 
Joseph Hensley. 
John Horton. 
John P. Lane. 
"William T. Moore. 
David R. Marier. 
John Melvin. 
Isaac D. Morgan, 
D. H. McCartney. 
Thomas J. Martin, 
Harvey Oatman, 
Edwarri C. Rabbitt. 
G. A. Robinson, 
John M. Sweeney, 
William H. Stevens. 
G. W. Thomp.son, 
John E. Vance, 
John Wooley, 
W. H. Woods. 



George W. Baney. 
Andrew J. Clark. 
Daniel A. Camp. 
Thomas J. Ferguson, 
John H. Fair. 
Edwin A. Farley. 
Robert F. Frances. 
Anderson D. Hainline. 
William O. Hoskinson, 
William R. Kirk, 
A\'illiam P. Leaphart, 
Robert J. Mills. 
Richard J. Morris. 
William N. McGraw, 
Robert S. Morgan, 
John W. Myers. 
David C. Newell. 
William B. Rice. 
Louis Roberts. 
Hiram L. Sweeney. 
William S. Stokes, 
George Sherwood, 
L. C. Twichel, 
T. N. VanHoesen. 
Milton Woolridge. 
Felix E. White. 
William H. Toung. 



At the first Presidential call for 300,000 men 
in 18(;i, Dr. W. F. Bayne, of Macomb, organ 
ized a company and wrote to Governor Yates, 
tendering its services. The Governor answerel 
that he had already accepted two companies 
from McDonough County, and that being its 
full quota, he declined to accept any more men. 
As the Doctor and his men were very anxious 
to enter the field, they went to St. Louis, 
tendered their services there, were accepted 
by Governor Gamble and mustered into the 
United States service at the St. Louis arsenal, 
as Company B. It was placed on detached 
service until 1862, when it was assigned to 
the Tenth Missouri Infantry, Second Brigade, 
Third Division, Army of the Mississippi, Dr. 
Bayne receiving bis commission as Captain. 

The regiment went into the field, taking part 
in the various operations in Missouri, and no 
part of it did better service, or has a brighter 
record, than Company B, of McDonough Coun- 
ty. Many of those enlisting in 1861 never re- 
turned to their homes, yet there are a few 
brave "boys" still living in this and adjoining 
counties. The following are some of the more 
prominent engagements in which the company 
took an active part: luka. September, 1862; 
Corinth, October 3d; Raymond, Miss., May 12, 
1863; Jackson, May 14th, and Champion Hills, 
May 16th. Company B was also present at the 
siege of Vicksburg, May 18 to July 4, 1863. 
Charles A. Gilchrist, afterward a Brigadier- 
General in command of colored troops, was a 
member of the Tenth Missouri Infantry. 




c:>^/^c^^^a^^/^. 



HISTORY OF Mcdonough col'xtv 



711 



SEL'OND CALIFORNIA CAV'ALRY. 

Fulkner. Henry J. 

FIFTY-FOITRTH OHIO INFANTRY. 

Company A. 

Depo>', Janirs. 

FIFTH CAI-IFORNIA INFANTRY. 

Brevet-Captain— H. H. Stevens. 

INITKU STATICS VKTKKAN VOl.I'NTKKRS. 

Company A. 

McConnel. William J. 

Company K. 

Vandermint. Danl. Begg., 

Smith. John O.. Jackson. George W., 

ENGINEER REGIMENT OF MISSOFRI. 

Company C. 
Butler. Cyrus F. 
FIRST ICNGIXEER REGIMENT OF THE WEST. 

Company H. 



Folsom. DeWitt C. 
Davie. Sylvester. 
Halterman. Oliver. 
DeHass. A. J.. 
Cooper. David. 
Snyder. James. 
Tally. Vincent. 



Folsom. Isaac Y.. 
Davie. .Mwood. 
Benedict. Benjamin. 
Stolcup. David. 
HatH.'ld. Joseph. 
While. Joseph. 
<"l:irey. John. 



Flannegan. William, Hunieii. Windell. 

Spunagle. William. Spuiiagie. Daniel. 

Spunaglc. Jacob. Ho4)ver. Benjamin K., 

Patton. William G.. Moore. Peter. 

Moore. Oliver. I, ami). Frank. 

Maloney. Richard A. 

THE SURRENDER OF VICKSBURG. 

The following article from the pen of A. Xew- 
lanrl. of Tennessee. McDonough County, and a 
former member of the One Hundred and Twen- 
ty-fourth Illinois, communicated to "The Na- 
tional Tribune." Washin.s^ton. D. C. will have 
an interest for many veterans connected with 
other Illinois reRiments which took part in 
the historic event to which it refers: 

"Epitok N.vtion.m. TiiintM:: Permit me to 
reply to the article by D. I.,. Wellman, of the 
Fourth Minnesota, published in 'The National 
Tribune' February 5. 1903. 

"The beautiful moon of Saturday. July 4, 
l.SGo. dawned .gloriously, when Gen. Pemberton 
communicated his acceptance of the terms pro- 
posed by Gen. Grant. At ID o'clock the Con- 
federate garrison marched out of the citadel 
they had so bravely defended, stacked arms, 
and marched back again as prisoners of war. 
Nearly :52.non men. 17'2 cannon. GO. 000 stands of 



arms, with a large quantity of ammunition and 
oidnauce stores were suri'endered. 

"The most complete and unparalleled capture 
was achieved by the invincible Army of the 
Tennessee under Grant. 

"Just before 10 o'clock that morning the 
One Hundred Twenty-fourth Illinois heard the 
command. 'Fall in.' and in a few moments 
every man able for duty was in his place, 
shoulder to shoulder, as they had often been 
before, but never with such a feeling, never so 
proud of each other as now, A few moments 
later our brigade band, one of the best, being 
hidden from us by the Shirley House, on our 
left, startled us. We had not thought of or 
heard any music for so long, only now and 
then a bugle call, and the deafening rattle of 
musketry, now the beautiful strains of 'Hail 
Columbia' burst out so unexpectedly and 
welled out so exultingly, that men who had 
marched up to the cannon's mouth and met 
unflinchingly and fearlessly the shock of battle, 
and the fiery onsets of the fiercest charge, 
were touched and the chords of their hearts 
were swept by the music and many of those 
brave, strong men were moved to tears. Then 
followed the stirrin.g and inspiring strains of 
'The Star Spangled Banner.' Then the order 
rang out, "Forward — March!' and the gallant 
First Brigade, composed of the Twentieth, 
Thirty-first, Forty-fifth. One Hundred Twenty- 
fourth Illinois, and the Twenty-third Indiana, 
Gen. M. D. Leggett commanding, of Logan's 
flghtin.g Third Division, the Forty-fifth Illinois 
leading, took up its line of march into Vicks- 
burg. When the troops arrived at the court 
house. Ihe battle flag of the Forty-ninth Illinois 
was thrown to Ihe breeze from the cui)ola of the 
court house. The sight of the beautiful starry 
banner floating so gracefully over the city 
caused the lioys to shout lustily: their wild 
huzzas rent the air; they shouted as they had 
never done before, and as they never can again. 
When Vicksburg fell the joy of the nation was 
complete. As one has said, 'Pluck no laurels 
from Loean's Third Division.' There is 'glory 
enough for all' of the Union troops who won 
that matchless victory, and were at the sur- 
render of Vicksburg and took part in the royal 
celebration of that day. Every year that vic- 
torious army has two Fourths to celebrate, one 
for our National birth, and one for Vicksburg. 



738 



HISTORY OF Mcdonough county. 



"On May 22, during the siege, an assault was 
made upon the enemy's works, which resulted 
in an advance all along the line by the entire 
army. The battle became fierce and furious 
everywhere; men rushed up to the enemy's 
works, climbed up the exterior slope, planted 
their flags upon them; then a fierce and terrible 
struggle ensued; but they could not enter. The 
rebel fire was concentrated on points where 
the nature of the ground would admit of an 
assault to be made only by small bodies of 
troops, and as the head of the column would pass 
the exposed points while assaulting, they would 
be swept by a terrific fire so severe that nothing 
living could stand before it; they would reel 
and fall. The enemy's works were naturally 
and artificially so strong they could not be taken 
in that way, and the nature of the ground was 
such that only small columns could be 
used in making the assault. But Logan's 
Division was so far advanced that we were 
located nearest the rebel works of any possibly 
on the line until the surrender. The Twelfth 
Illinois occupied Shirley's peach orchard, with 
our left resting on his house, or the 'white 
house," as it was called. Mr. Shirley was at 
home, and claimed to be a Union man. The 
Forty-firth Illinois used the rear of the house 
for headquarters; the front side could not be 
safely used; it was full of bullet holes, and 
was hit nearly every day. Lieutenant Foster, 
or 'Coonskin,' had his observatory near this 
house. After building forts and rifle pits, we 
made a covered way which reached clear to 
the enemy's works. There were a number of 
coal miners in the One Hundred and Twenty- 
fourth Illinois and some lead miners 
in the Forty-fifth Illinois. We mined 
under Fort Hill and blew it up June 25; 
1,200 pounds of powder placed under it lifted 
a part of the fort into the air. The falling 
earth had formed a new line of defense for the 
rebels, and had left a large basin, or oval space, 
into which our brave men poured. This place 
became a 'slaughter pen,' or 'crater,' as it was 
called, and many of our noble soldiers and offi- 
cers fell in that bloody and fearful pen. Other 
mines and saps were run, and on July 1st, Fort 
Hill was again blown up into the air. This 
was quite successful; much damage and loss 
sustained by the enemy, with no loss to us. 
Six persons were blown into our lines; three 



of them were colored, and one of them, named 
'Abe,' survived his transit. Theodore R. Davis, 
of Harper's Weekly, sketched him on the spot, 
all dirt and tatters as he was. He said he went 
up two miles, saw stars, met his master — who 
was one of the white men killed — coming down, 
etc., a part of which — seeing stars — was doubt- 
less true. The colored man was the hero of the 
hour, and seemed to enjoy it greatly. It was 
said that after the blowing up of the fort the 
second time, the Confederate officers found it 
difficult to get soldiers to man that part of 
their line. General McPherson promised each 
of the boys that mined the fort a new suit of 
clothes and one of the first furloughs home 
after the surrender. Several of my company, 
with a number of others, received the promised 
gifts when the siege ended. The accomplished, 
gallant and brave commander. General McPher- 
son, was honor bright in all his dealings with 
men. He was one of the brightest stars in all 
the galaxy of Union Generals. In his death 
America lost a splendid soldier. For proof of 
the above facts, see Grant's Memoirs; General 
McPherson's request to General Rawlins, 
Grant's Chief of Staif; McPherson's orders to 
General Logan; General M. D. Leggett's official 
report. See also the History of Life and Deeds 
of General U. S. Grant, by Frank A. Burr: also. 
The History of the One Hundred and Twenty- 
fourth Illinois. There are many comrades yet 
living belonging to these regiments which com- 
posed General Leggett's Brigade, who can verify 
the above statement. — A. Newland, Co. D, One 
Hundred and Two Dozen, Tennessee, 111." 

THE ROLL OF HONOR. 

Names of soldiers who died during their term of 
service, in battle or in hospital, with date of death: 

Jacob Rutishamer died at Columbus. Ky., April 4. 

1S62. 
James E. Saddler died July 4, 1863. 
Thomas L. HoUidav was killed at the battle of Shi- 

loh. April 6. 1862. 
Henry C. Calviu was mortally wounded November 

11, "1863. 
Georgre Davis died at Trenton. Tenn., Auirust 16. 

1862. 
Jacob Oertel was killed at Holly Springs, Decem- 
ber 20. 1862. 
Edward Curtis was killed at Sabine, La., April S. 

1864. 
John H. Kinkade died at CarroUton. La., August 

22, 1S63. 
Aaron Markham, a veteran, died at Baton 

Rouge. La. 
Enoch Nelson died at Louisville, Ky., September 

29. 1865. 
Alexander L. Corporal was killed at Bird's Point, 

Mo., January 10, 1862. 



iiisTuKY oi- Mcdonough colxtv. 



739 



Daniel I^alr was kllleil at Bird's Point, Mo., Jan- 
uary 111. M<62, 

Christian Mvers was killed at Bird's Point. Mo., 
January 111. lsfi2. 

Samuel S. S( hall died of wounds at Oxford, Miss., 
De<'ember 7. 1S62. 

William B. Park died at Baton Rouse, La., July 
14, 1863. 

Benjamin F. Pvie died at LaGrange, Tenn.. Feb- 
ruary lf>. IXfS, 

Henrv Thompson died at Memphis, Tenn,, Mav 5. 
1864. 

George C C'alklns was drowned at Clear creek 
while scouting. 

George C. Gates was killed January IS, 1862, at 
Bethel. Tenn, 

Kphralm McKinney died in the service at Mem- 
phis. Tenn. 

Philip Seheneck died at St. I^ouis, Mo., August I, 

i.vfii;. 

John Jackson died at St. Louis, Mo., June IS. 1X62. 
Commissary-Sergeant James C. Cantleld died at 

Richmond, Va., March 5, 1864, while a prisoner 

of war. 
Thomas Able died at Andersonville prison July 1, 

1864: number of grave, 2,415. 
Henrv H. Bellew died while a prisoner of war, 

March 1. 1S64. at Richmond. Va. 
Captain Kben White died of wounds May 18, 1865. 
George L. Hainline, a veteran, was killed at Ben- 

tonville. March 21). 1865. 
Charles Merrich was killed at Bentonville. 
Henry Hart died June 2. 1.S62. 
Edwin U. Kelly, a veteran, was killed at Jones- 

boro. Ga,. September 7. 1864. 
Cyrus I.Ane. a veteran, missing since the battle of 

Bentonville. 
Orren Sperry. a veteran, died May 31. 1864. 
Charles Waters, a veteran, died of wounds, April 

24, 1865. 
John H. Crowl was killed at Bentonville, March 

20, 1865. 
G«)rge F. Hastings died from wounds, April 21, 

1865. 
Captain David P. Wells dieil April 7, 1862. 
Corjioral William Powers died October 15. 1862. 
Corporal James M. Eyre died September 1!). 1862. 
Sylvester Yocum died May 4. 1862. 
William C. Green, a veteran, was killed at Re- 

saca. Ga,. May 1,5, 1864. 
Isaac Toland. a veteran, died April 12. 1865. 
First-Lieutenant James Donaldson was killed July 

17. 1864. 
Benjamin Hendricks died March 1. 1S62. 
John Smithwalt died January 7. 1862. 
Jacob Newell died March 7. 1S64. 
William Murry dle<l October 31. I.S61. 
James D. Krvin died at Little Uock. Mav !>. 1S65. 
David H. Messick died at Memphis. April 10. 1865. 
William H. Woods died at Camp Butler. March 24. 

1865. 
William P. Brown dle<I at Colmar. III. 
Second-IJeutenant .Andrew W. McGoughy was 

killed July 10. 1864. 
Sergeant Robert Pearson was killed at Shlloh. 

Tenn.. April 6. 186'2. 
Corimral Joseph Gill was killed at Shlloh. Tenn.. 

Aiirll 6. 1S62. 
Thomas Faulkner was killed at Jackson, Miss., 

July 12. 1862, 
Joslah Gill dle<l at Natchez, Miss., September 1, 

1863. 
William H. Matheny, a veteran, died at Natchez, 

Miss.. March 10. 1864. 
Albert Milligan was killed at the battle of Shl- 
loh. .\prll 6. 1.S62. 
Seymore Nichols died of wounds received at 

Hatchle. October 15. 1863. 
Henry W. Penrose died at Memphis, Tenn., August 

5. 1862. 
Solomon R. Shepherd was kille<l at' Shlloh, Tenn., 

April 6. 1862. 
George Teas was killed at Shlloh, Tenn., April 6, 

1862. 
William Twltchell has been missing since the bat- 
tle of Shlloh, Tenn. 



Corporal James H, Welch was killed at Shil<ih, 
Tenn,, April 6. 1862. 

Francis L. Warren died at Pittsburg Landing, 
April 15, 1862. 

James L, Carter died at Brownsville, Texas, No- 
vember 22, 1865. 

Joseph C. Plotts died at Fort Holt, Kv., Novem- 
ber 22. 1862. 

James R. Davis died at Brownsville, Texas, Au- 
gust 30. 1865. 

Martin Phillips died at Brownsville. Texas. No- 
vember fi. 1865. 

First-Sergeant James M. Shreeves died at Vlcks- 
burg. August 19. 1863, 

Corporal David M. Cranbaugh, a veteran, died of 
wounds, April 19, 1863. 

George Bane was killed while on picket duty, July 
14, 1863, 

George W. Fowraker died at Walnut Hill, Miss., 
June 28. 1863. 

Robert M. Fugate died at Memphis, Tenn., Janu- 
ary 14. 1864. 

Oliver J. Hoyt was kllleil at Vlcksburg, Miss., May 
19. 1863. 

Jesse N. Inman died at Memphis, Tenn,, Septem- 
ber 27, 1862. 

Joseph B. Medarls died at Bushnell, 111., May 2. 
1S64. 

Matthew McComb died at Bridgeport, 111., Decem- 
ber 25. 1865. 

Joseph P, Putnam, a veteran, was mortally wound- 
ed at Kenesaw Mountain and left on "the field 
June 27. 1864. 

William Snapp died at Camp Sherman, Miss., Au- 
gust 29. 1863. 

Sergeant H. H. Weaver died at St. Louis. April 
8. 1863. 

Corporal James B. Murphy was killed at Walnut 
Hills. June 25, 1863. 

Corporal William J. Eckley. a veteran, died of 
wounds August 1.5. 1864. 

George W, Eckley died at Camp Sherman. Miss., 
.August 8. 1863. 

John Sexton died at Camp Sherman. Miss.. Au- 
gust 31. 1863. 

George Hanks died at Corinth. Tenn.. December 
24. 18B2. 

Corporal William A. Blumc was killed at Perry- 
ville, Ky,. October S. 1862. 

Christ Brlnay died of wounds July 29. 1864. 

James Cochran, a veteran, was killed at Nashville, 
Tenn.. December 16. 1864. 

Abraham G. Chute died at Springfield, Mo., No- 
vember 6. 1,S61, 

William H. Emeil was killed at Perryvllle, Ky., 
October 8. 1862. 

William H. Janis was killed at Perryvllle, Ky , 
October 8. 1,S62. 

Nathan Loge died at luka. Miss.. August 9. 1862. 

Thomas Lawyer was killed at Perryvllle, Ky., Oc- 
tober 8. 1862. 

William Loftus died at Mound City, 111., August 
6. 1863. 

John M. Mournong died at Lebanon, Miss., Feb- 
ruary 10. 1863. 

James Murphy died of wounds March IS. 1862. 

George E, Norman was killed at Rocky Face 
Ridge. May 11, 1864. 

John W. Seward died October 22. 1863. 

Sergeant William Nelson died of wounds Decem- 
ber 1. 1863. 

James H. Sheets was killed at Stone River, De- 
cember .31. 1862. 

Henry Torhouse. a veteran, died December 16. 1864. 

George W. Ramsey died at Jackson. Tenn . Sep- 
tember 8. 1862. 

Corporal Andrew Kellough was killed near Cor- 
inth. May 8. 1863. 

William R. Jacobs died at Glendale. Miss.. October 
1. 1863. 

James Lyons died at his home in Bardolph. July 
28. 1862. 

Samuel B. Stokes died at Decatur. Ala.. May 15. 
1864. 

Charles F. Winslow was killed near Atlanta, July 
22, 1864. 



740 



HISTORY OF Mcdonough county. 



Jonathan Haynes died at St. Louis, Mo., Jul.v 

Wll'liarn Fair died at Roanoke. S. C March 31, 1865. 

William Kirkpatrieli died while in the service. 

Lieutenant Oarrett J. D. Jarvis was killed at Fort 
Blakeley, April 9. 1S65. 

Harmon F. Morris died at Paducah. October 9. 18b.'. 

John Myers died at Yazoo Pass. March 16. 186.3. 

Peter Peters died at Selma. Ala.. July 26. 186d. 

John \V. Royce died at Columbus. Ky., October 21, 
1863. 

Patrick Brannan was killed at Franklin. Tenn.. 
November 30, 1864. 

Colonel Carter Van Vleck died August 2.j. 1864. 
of wounds received at Atlanta. Ga. 

Major William L. Broaddus was killed September 
211. 1SB3. 

Martin V. Fugate was killed at Chickamauga. Sep- 
tember 20. 1863. 

Samuel H. Fugate died at Resaca. Ga., May li, 
1864, from wounds. 

Lebeus AUhouse died at Richmond. Va., February 
14, 1864, while a prisoner of war. 

Solomon Toland was killed at Chickamauga, Sep- 
tember 20. 186:5. 

Richard W. Scott died of wounds September 2. 1864. 

Second-Lieutenant John E. James was killed in 
battle June 27. 1864. 

Marshall C. Kline was killed at Atlanta, Ga., Au- 
gust 7. 1864. 

George W. Dowell died at Nashville, Tenn.. Oc- 
tober 2fl, 1863. 

John Forrest was killed at Jonesboro. Ga., Sep- 
tember 1, 1864. 

William W. Harmon died at Savannah, February 
21, 1,S65. 

John W. James was killed at Jonesboro, Ga., Sep- 
tember 1, 1864. 

Thomas Lindsev died at Chattanooga. June 2.5. 1864. 

Jacob H. Michael was killed at Kenesaw Moun- 
tain. June 27, 1S64. 

Sergeant Michael Mealey was killed at Atlanta, 
Ga., September 4, 1864. 

Charles H. Magie died at Nashville. Tenn., August 
19, 186:?. 

John Monahan died at Chattanooga, April 3, 1864. 

Charles L. Norris died November 6, 1864, at Chat- 
tanooga. 

John W. Rush was killed at Jonesboro, Ga.. Sep- 
tember 1, 1864. 

Sylvester Riddell died at Nashville, Tenn., Decem- 

■ 30, 18a3. 
-Cyril Tvft was killed at Jonesboro, Ga.. September 
1. 1864. 

Richard I.,. Terrv died of wounds in the service. 

Richard L. .\llen died at Andersonville Prison. 
May 28. 1864. 

Albert C. Bennett died at Boston, Ky.. November 
12, 1862. 

William H. Bowman died November 26. 1863, of 
wounds. 

Christopher Brown died at Richmond. Va., Jan- 
uary 23. 1864, while a prisoner of war. 

Simeon Craig died at .\ndersonville Prison. Sep- 
tember 22, 1.864; number of grave, 9,307. 

First-Sergeant Jerome J. Clark died of wounds 
April 30. 1865. 

George H. Davis died of wounds October 2, 1863. 

Hugh H. Doran died in Andersonville Prison, May 
28, 1864. 

Benjamin F. Lane was killed at Chickamau.ga. 
September 20. 1863. 

Parmenium Hamilton died of wounds October 15, 
1863. 

Moses A. McCandless was killed near Griggs- 
ville, Tenn.. November 26, 1S64. 

Francis M. Stewart died at Andersonville Prison, 
August 20, 1864; number of grave, 6,292. 

Thomas J. Vail died at Nashville. Tenn., July 
3, 1863. 

William Weaver died of wounds September 6, 1.S64. 

John R. Carroll died in Andersonville Prison. Au- 
gust 24, l.S6:i. 

Samuel F. Gibson died in Andersonville Prison. 

July 29. 1864. 
: Sergeant Thomas M. Whitehead died at Gallatin. 
Tenn., December 11. 1862. 



Corporal t^uincy A. Roberts was killed at Rocky 
Face Ridge. May 9, 1863. 

Corporal Thomas J. Stearns died at Nashville, 
Tenn., February 14, 1863. 

Silas E. Brotherton died at Lookout Mountain, 
Tenn.. August 7. 1864. 

Samuel Blair died at Louisville. Ky., October 26, 
1863. 

John Baker died of wounds September 21, 1863. 

Milton Clark died at Nashville, Tenn., December 
25, 1862. 

George W. Caso died at Chickamauga. September 
21. 1863. 

John Driscoll died at Somerset, Kv.. November 27, 
1.862. 

Frank Gadd died of wounds January 20, 1865. at 
Nashville, Tenn. 

Francis M. Hollidav was killed near Dallas, Ga., 
May :i0, 1864. 

Edward O'Brvan was killed at Rocky Face Ridge, 
May 9, 1864. 

George Parks died of wounds at Nashville, Tenn., 
February 13, 1863. 

George R. Voorhees died April 13. 1862. 

Abel H. Willis died at Andersonville Prison, 
March 15, 1S65. 

James P. McCamenout died September 1. 1862. 

George W. Willis died at Chattanooga, October 
13. 1863. 

Corijoral Richard H. McClintock was killed at 
Chickamauga, September 20, 1863, 

Corporal David G. Harland died of wounds Jan- 
uary 3, 1863. 

Augustus Miles was killed at Chickamauga, Sep- 
tember 19, 1863. 

Coleman Mitchell died of wounds April 3, 1863. 

Samuel Walker died of wounds October 24. 1S63. 

John A. Greer died June 9, 1.865. 

Sergeant George T. Yocum was killed at Stone 
River, December 31, 1862. 

Sergeant John A. Evre died at M.acomb, January 

. 16, 1864. 

Corporal William J. Hensley died at Bowling 
Green. Ky.. December 29, 1862. 

Corporal Edward S. Piper died at Manchester, 
July 18, 1863. 

Corporal Nathan A. Miller died at Murfreesboro, 
Tenn.. May 22, 1864. 

Joseph T. .\dcock died at Murfreesboro. Tenn., 
January 6. 1863. 

Francis Brooks died at Louisville, K,v., November 
23. 1862. 

David Brown died at Danville, Ky., December 10, 
1862. 

Jackson V. Ferguson died at Benton Barracks, 
Mo.. February 10, 1863. 

Allen A. Herndon died at Nashville, February 20, 
1S62. 

Alex. McQuestion died at Nashville. February 7, 
1.863. 

Abraham Purdam died of wounds at Nashville, 
February 15, 1863. 

Richard W. Pennington was killed at Stone River, 
December 31, 1862. 

John H. Rollins died at Nashville. Tenn.. January 
2, 1863. 

Josiah Swigart died at McDonough county. 111., 
June 9. 1864. 

William H. Simmons died at B'>wling Green, Ky.. 
November 23, 1862. 

Edward Smith diedi of wounds September 22, 1863. 

Henry Vanmeter died at Dallas. Ga., June 1, 1864. 

Abraham W. Willis died at Louisville, Ky., De- 
cember 6, 1862. 

William H. Winslow died at Nashville, Tenn., De- 
cember :jl, 1862. 

Corporal Eli Elwell was killed at Stone River, 
December 31. 1862. 

Corporal James H. Kennie died of wounds at Chat- 
tanooga, October 20, 1863. 

Vachel Benson was killed at Stone Ri\'er, Decem- 
ber 31, 1862. 

Christopher Enders was killed at Stone River, 
January 23, 1863. 

.\llen Graves died at Murfreesboro, Tenn., Janu- 
ary 23, 186:5. 




SOLDIERS' MONUMENT, MACOMB 



HISTORY 01-" McDON()L'(JH COUNTY 



•741 



Geiirp*- W. Ktrr di»'d at (^uiiuv. 111., February 

11. iw;4. 

Sersiant Thomas ("ampbcU <li<>(l at Cowan Sta- 
tion. Tenn.. Jnl.v 'St. I}>fi3. 

David P. Pc'tcrman died of wounds at Atlanta. 
Giu. July 2S. lSfi4. 

Artemus .Mvers was killed at Kene.saw Mountain. 
June L'T. lSfi4. 

Henrv ('. Martin died on steamer Dl. Vernon. Jan- 
uaf.v liV. ISK!. 

James T. Burham died August 20, 1S65. 

Sergeant Robert T. Carter died at Vicksburp. 
Miss.. August IS. 1864. 

John Covert died at Jefferson Barracks, Mo., Au- 
gust 24. lf<64. 

Benjamin Duncan died at Memphis, Tenn., Au- 
gust ,i. 1Sfi4. 

Frederick Faloh died at Mound Cit.v, 111., Decem- 
ber 3(1, l.si;2. 

Benjamin Frankenbitrg died of wounds at Jeffer- 
son Barracks. Mo.. December 13, lSfi4. 

Alpheus M. Gibson died at (iuinc.v. 111., December 
14. 1S64. 

Wilson I.. McKennellv died at Memphis. Tenn., 
Julv 211, 1S64. 

William H. Couch died of wounds March 30. 18(3. 

John Ittle died In the insane asylum at Wash- 
ington. D. C. October 1. 1863. 

Sergeant John Bechtel died at I>ake Providence, 
La., March 21, 1SK,3. 

Thomas Broadbent died of wounds May 16, 1863. 

Abner Barrett died at Keokuk, Iowa, October 24, 
186;). 

John I'.ainbridge died at Memphis, Tenn., Janu- 
ary 2.S. 1.S63. 

William H. Bovd died at Jackson, Tenn., Novem- 
ber I,';, 1862. 

Simon Calbert died at Memphis, Tenn,, July 24. 1863. 

Job Gartside died at St. Louis. Mo., November 1, 
1864. 

George Hall died at Jackson, Tenn., October 30, 
1,S62. 

Benjamin Bugg died at Memphis, Tenn., February 
17, 1863. 

Henrv T. Forest was killed at Champion Hills. 
Miss.. May 16, 1863. 

Nathaniel M. Guy died at Vlcksburg. Miss., July 
8. 1863. 

Jasper Kennett died at Memphis. Tenn.. February 
11. 1863. 

William C. Morris died at Oxford, Miss., December 
16. 1862. 

Flavitis J. Sypherd died at home. December 27, 1864. 

Isaac N. Stodgill died after having been discharged 
on .account of disability. 

George P. Hezlip died of wounds July 13, 186.3. 

Amos B. Johnson died at Qulncv, 111., April 27. 

i86,n. 

Surgeon William A. Huston die«i at Memphis, 
Tenn., June ■£>. 1864. 

E>lwar<l S. Brof>king w.-js killed while a itrisoner 
near Memphis. Tenn. 

Henr.v P. Nichols died at hom<*. December 2. 1.864. 

Samuel Sheley died at Memphis. September 1. 1S64. 

Christopher P. Stantial was killed at Memphis, 
Tenn.. August 21. 1.864. 

John H. Lowell died at home May 26, 1865, 

Henr.v H. Harris died at Memphis, Tenn,, Septem- 
ber 1, 1864, 

Lieutenant Lester W. Porter was killed at Mem- 
phis. Tenn., August 21, 1S64. 

Corporal Thomas R.Ritenour died at Columbus, 
Ga., September 16. lS6,i. 

Joseph Johnson died at Dalton. Ga., Mav IS. ISfa. 

Avery Hall died at Nashville. March 7, 1S65. 

David Stolc\ij» died of wounds at Chattanooga. 

John Clarrey died at St, I^ouis. 

Matthew Begg. a I'nitcd States veteran, died at 
Cairo. III.. October 13. 186:!. 

SOLDIERS' MONUMENT, 

On Thursday, August 3. 1899, the splendid 
monument erected in the Macomb Public Park. 



to the memory of the soldiers of McDonou.^li 
County who yielded their lives tor the life of 
the Nation during the War of the Robellion, 
or who have since died, was unveiled with im- 
posing ceremonies. All interested in the af- 
fairs of .McDonough County should know the 
history of this monument, erected at a cost of 
$4,000, by Mr, C, V, Chandler, of Macomb, out 
of his private means, and this chapter would 
be incomplete without an account thereof, to- 
.?ether with something of the record of the man 
through whose |)atriotism and public spirit was 
erected this splendid testimonial to perpetuate 
the memory of McLkmough County patriots, of 
their valor, their self-sacrifice, and their heroic 
achievement during the dark days of 1861 to 
1865. 

Nearly one year before the date on which 
the late O. D. Doland placed the foundation for 
a monument in the City Park, speculation was 
rife as to the work in which he was engaged, 
but the only explanation furnished was that he 
was merely executing an order that had been 
placed in his hands. The iiublic remained in 
the dark until the evening of January 3, 1,S99, 
when, at a meeting of the Orand .■\rmy Post of 
Macomb, which was well attended by its mem- 
bers, as well as by a large number of other 
citizens, Mr. Chandler announced that he con- 
templated the erection of a monument to the 
memory of the men of McDonough who had 
participated in the war. 

In making this announcement he recited how. 
in that great struggle for national existence, 
half of the men of McDonough County of mili- 
tary age had offered themselves upon the altar 
of their country; also, how two attempts had 
been made to erect a soldiers' monument in 
the county, but had failed. When some fifteen 
years previous he had been awarded a pen- 
sion of $1,5 per month, he determined to erect 
a suitable memorial, at his own expense, and 
then be.gan turning the sum received into a 
fund for this purpose, by investing it and 
adding thereto the accruing interest, .\mong 
his private papers there then existed a docu- 
ment instructing his executors, in the event of 
his death before the accomplishment of the 
work for which this fund was set apart, to caiTv 
out his i)urpose. This document he exhibited 
with accompanying papers. .\11 who know of 
the Chandler monument, to-day, rejoice to know 



742 



HISTORY OF Mcdonough county. 



that he lived to see the accomplishment of his 
plan and was himself able to direct the erection 
of this pile of enduring stone. The fund grew 
until it reached a sum sufficient, and the monu- 
ment, unveiled on August 3, 1899, is the result. 

Charles Velasco Chandler was born in Ma- 
comb within six hundred feet of the present 
site of the monument, the eldest son of the late 
Charles Chandler, for many years one of the 
foremost citizens of the county. In August, 
1S62, a company was being raised in Macomb, 
which was mustered in as Company I, Seventy- 
eighth Illinois Infantry. Mr. Chandler, who was 
then a youth of eighteen years, determined to 
enlist, and when his name was called and it 
came his turn to step forward and be sized and 
measured for a soldier by the strange officer 
in charge — so the story goes — another young 
man, a little taller, answered to the name, was 
examined, measured, and, having passed mus- 
ter, received |2 in cash as his reward. Enlist- 
ing first as a private, Mr. Chandler was pro- 
moted to Second-Lieutenant and afterwards as 
Adjutant. At the Battle of Chickamauga he 
was shot through both legs, and it was on ac- 
count of these wounds that he drew his pen- 
sion, which he has lately ai)plied to this patri- 
otic purpose. Returning at the conclusion of 
the war. he was employed in the bank of his 
father, and has continued in the banking busi- 
ness to this writing. 

The unveiling day proved to be unusually 
warm, but this did not prevent one of the larg- 
est crowds being present ever seen in Macomb. 
The services commenced In the afternoon, and 
the big procession of nearly one thousand 
strong was the initiative. The order of march 
was as follows: 

Platoon of Police 

Macomb Band 

Macomb Army Post 

Bushnell Army Post 

Other members of the Grand Army 

and old soldiers 

Women's Relief Corps 

Members of Board of Supervisors 

Macomb City Officials 

Uniformed Rank of K. Ps. 

Knights of Pythias 

Modern Woodmen of America 

Red Men 

Macomb Fire Department and Equipment 

Company F, Fifth Regiment I. N. G. 



The procession marched around the public 
square, to the west side of the City Park near 
the monument, and to the stand and seats pro- 
vided by Mr. Chandler for use of those in at- 
tendance. 

W. J. Franklin, Commander of Macomb G. A. 
R. Post, as Chairman of the meeting, took 
charge of proceedings. After music by the 
band and prayer by the Rev. J. H. Bratton, the 
meeting was opened for the further exercises 
of the day. Governor Tanner was not present, 
but Hon. I>. Y. Sherman made a short address 
in his stead. After a patriotic air by the band, 
little George Chandler Mapes, a grandson of 
Mr. Chandler, pulled the cord which released 
the flag that hid the figure of the volunteer 
soldier surmounting a stately pile of granite. 
The unveiling was greeted with great applause 
and by the firing of three salutes by Company 
F, Illinois National Guard. After a few remarks 
by R. H. Berry, Chairman of the Board of Su- 
pervisors, and Mayor Switzer in behalf of Ma- 
comb, then came the dedicatory address by Ma- 
jor R. W. McClaughrey, which met the hearty 
approval of those who heard it. The Major was 
at his best, and that means much. This address 
was published in full in the city papers. 

Something not on the programme occurred 
after the address. This was the presentation to 
Mr. Chandler of an elaborate and costly Post 
Commander's Army badge, the late Colonel B. 
F. Marsh making the presentation speech in his 
usual impressive manner. Mr. Chandler was 
taken completely by surprise and greatly af- 
fected by the unexpected compliment, and could 
only respond in a few words, which all could 
see and feel came from the heart. The badge 
bore this inscription: 



C. V. Chandlek, 
Macomb, 111. 

CIB.VND ARMY OK 
THE BEl'UBLIC 

1861-1865. 

VETERAN. 



The inscription on the reverse was as fol- 
lows: 



From his 

m'donough county 

comrades and friends, 

August 3, 1889. 



HISTORY OF Mcdonough county. 



743 



The vast audience joined in singins "Amer- 
ica," the benediction was pronounced by Com- 
rade Rev. J. H. Morgan, and the pleasing and 
patriotic programme was ended. 

The monument was made of Harre granite 
from an originai design by the late O. D. Do- 
land. It is twenty feet in height, with a first 
base seven feet square, uimn which rests a 
secondary base five feet square. The monu- 
ment is surmounted by the figure of a i)rivate 
soldier — an infantryman — uniformed and accout- 
ered after the fashion of the Civil War period. 
The figure, which is seven feet high, is carved 
from granite and stands at parade rest. The 
inscri|)tions read as follows: 

(West Side.) 



IN MKMORV OF THE .MKN OF 

m'do.NOUGH COUNTY WHO 

VOI.INTARII.Y OFFKRKI) AM) 

KKKKI.V (;AVE their I.IVES 

"Til \r (.OVEKNME.NT OK THE PEOfI.E, 

IIV THE I'EOI'I.E 

AM) FOR THE PEOI'I.K 

SIIAI.I, XOT PERISH 

litllM THE EARTH." 



(South Side.) 



EOKl DON Kl SUN 


SHILOH 


CORINTH 


STONE RIVEK. 



I .North Side. ) 



viCKSBURi; 

CHICKAMAUGA 

KENESAW 

ATLANTA 

l:l NTOXVH.I.l 



(East Side.) 



Erected iiy Comrade 

C. V. Chandler 

OF THE 78th ill. vol'.s. 

1S99. 



Such is a brief history of the beautiful monu- 
ment which adorns the park of the city of Ma- 
comb; and it is pertinent to note as a matter 
of historic interest that the City Parli in which 



it stands was also donated by Mr. C. V. Chan- 
dler for the benefit of its citizens. 

In summarizing the part which McDonough 
County took in the Civil War, it is found from 
the Adjutant General's report that the county 
was called upon to raise 2,737 men; the county 
was credited with 2.734, leaving a deficit of 
three men. If the seventy-one men who en- 
listed in the Tenth Missouri had been duly 
credited, together with many others joining 
companies which are credited to other coun- 
ties, the quota of this county would have been 
exceeded by at least 200 men. Only about 20 
of the 102 counties in the State furnished as 
great a number, proportionately. 

McDonough County was represented in 
thirty-three regiments and in seventy-eight 
companies. There were sixty-nine men from 
this county killed in battle, 182 wounded and 
171) died in the service. Many of the old soldiers 
still survive, but are rapidly passing away. 
Under date of March, 1906, National Command- 
er-in-Chief Corporal Tanner, of the G. A. R., 
publishes a statement which shows that 164. 
members of the order are dying every twenty- 
four hours, or at the rate of one death in every 
eight and one-third minutes. But when it is 
remembered that the Civil War closed forty- 
two years ago, it must be realized that most 
of its participants now living are old men, who 
have, moreover, endured the specially great suf- 
ferings of that terrible conflict, as well as the 
ordinary hardships of life; so the rapid mor- 
tality of this uonored class of .\merican citi- 
zens need not be wondered at. But the general 
sorrow over the rapid passing of the old sol- 
diers of the '60s is assuaged by the pride felt 
in their faithful service and unflinching loy- 
alty; and this pride is nowhere more sincere 
or more fittingly entertained than within the 
limits of McDonou.gh County. 

Mexican and Spanish-.\merican Wars. — •Al- 
though of minor imi>ortance than the Black 
Hawk and Civil W'ars— locally as to the for- 
mer and in the formidable character of the 
struggle as to the latter — it is to be presumed 
that McDonough County had some representa- 
tives in the Mexican War in spite of its com- 
I)aratively small population at that period. 
Owing to the meager and imperfect character 
of the records at that time, at least so far 



744 



HISTORY OF Mcdonough county. 



as the actual residence of volunteers is con- 
cerned, it is impossible to secure any reliable 
data as to the number and names of citizens 
of McDonough County who participated in that 
conflict. The First Regiment of Illinois Vol- 
unteers, organized under command of Colonel 
John J. Hardin, of .Jacksonville, included sev- 
eral companies enlisted from counties west 
of the Illinois River and adjacent to McDon- 
ough County, and several of their officers be- 
came distinguished officers of the Union army 
during the Civil War. 

During the Spanish-American War several 
counties in the neighborhood of McDonough 
contributed to the muster-roll of the Fifth Reg- 
iment, and there is reason tor believing that 
some of the enlistments in this regiment came 
from McDonough County, though it is not cred- 
ited in the Adjutant General's report with any 
company organization. Of some twenty-five 
provisional regiments partially organized 
throughout the State for the Spanish-Ameri- 
can War — but only one of wnich was called 
into actual service — one company was organ- 
ized at Macomb under the name of "Company 
L of The Hamilton's Sons' Provisional Regi- 
ment," with J. W. Stuart as Captain and R. 
Isaac Empey. i'irst Lieutenant. This fact gives 
evidence that the citizens of McDonough Coun- 
ty stood ready to bear their full share of re- 
sponsibility in that struggle, had occasion 
called for summoning them to the field. 



CHAPTER XVir. 



MUNICIPAL AFFAIRS— PUBLIC UTILITIES. 

MUNKirAI, GOVERNMENT — MACOMB VILLAC.E AND 
CITY CHARTERS — LIST OP MAYORS. ALDERMEN 

AND OTHER CITY OFFICIALS Pl'BLIC UTILITIES 

WATER WORKS FIRE DEPARTMENT LIST OF 

OFFICERS AND MEMBERS ELECTRIC LKiHT .\ND 

(iAS PLANT — PRESENT OFFICERS — TELECRAPH AND 
TELEPHONE SERVICE. 

For the first ten years after the selection of 
Maconii) as the county-seat of McDonough Coun- 
ty, it remained under the local authority of 
a Board of Commissioners, but under the 



provision of an act of the General Assembly, 
passed January 27, 1841, the government was 
entrusted to a Board of five Village Trustees 
elected annually. It is impossible now to obtain 
a complete record of the village officers for the 
early part of that period, and it has consequent- 
ly been necessary to take the list as it is found 
in "Clarke's History of McDonough County." 
For the period between 1849 and 1856, the sev- 
eral Boards of Village Trustees, as there re- 
corded for the years named, were as follows: 

1S49— William H. Randolph, A. S. Bonham, 
C. A. Lawson, T. J. Beard, John P. Head. 

18.50— William H. Franklin, R. W. Stephen- 
son, J. P. Head, W. L. Broaddus, Joseph E. 
Wyne, Charles Chandler, W. T. Head. 

1852- B. R. Hampton, C. A. Lawson, J. JI. 
Major, J. P. Updegraff, C. W. Dallam. 

1853— T. Chandler, J. E. Wyne, J. L. N. Hall, 
W. S. Hendricks, J. M. Martin. 

1854- J. L. .\. Hall, J. M. Martin, J. E. Wyne. 
T. J. Beard. C. A. Lawson. 

1856— Abraham Rowe, J. E. Wyne, T. J. 
Beard, J. L. N. Hall. Garrett Bonham. Alex- 
ander McLean was Secretary for the previous 
year. 

The first step in the incorporation of Macomb 
as a city was taken in 1855 by the passage 
by the General .Assembly, on February 15th, of 
an act granting a city charter on condition 
of its acceptance by vote of the people, to be 
taken in May following. Exactly what was 
the result of that vote is not stated in the 
local histories, but it is claimed that the first 
election of city officers was held on November 
8, 1856, the officers elected at that time hold- 
ing their i)Ositions until May following. Dur- 
ing the session of the Legislature of 1857 ,Tn- 
other act consolidating and amending previous 
acts on the subject, was passed and received 
the approval of Governor Bissell on February 
14th. This charter set forth the area and 
boundaries of the city as follows: 

The south half of Section ?A. the southwest 
quarter of the northeast quarter of said Section 
31, and the northwest quarter of the same Sec- 
tion (31), all in T. 6 N.. R. 2 W. of the Fourth 
Principal Meridian: the southeast quarter of 
the northeast quarter of Section 36 and the 
southeast quarter of the same Section (361, 
in T. 6 N.. R. 3 W. ; the northeast quarter of 
the northeast quarter of Section 1 in T. 5 N., 
R. 3 W. ; and the northwest quarter of Section 





tb 



HISTORY OF Mcdonough county. 



745 



C in T. 5 N., R. 2 W., and the northwest quarter 
of the northeast quarter of the same section, — 
making a total of one and a half square miles. 
The following is a list of city officials after 
the date of incorporation: 

185(; — Ma.vor, John O. C. Wilson; Aldermen — 
James M. Campbell, Joseph McCroskey, Wil- 
liam H. Randolph, Samuel G. Cannon; Clerk, 
H. B. Worsham. 

1857 — Mayor. J. P. Updegraft; Aldermen — 
James M. Campbell, James Clarke, William L. 
Uroaddus. O. F. Piper. William H. Franklin. Wil- 
liam H. Randolph. Thomas J. Heard. Samuel G. 
Cannon: Clerk and Attorney, Carter Van Vleck; 
Marshal and Supervisor, G. L. Farwell; Treas- 
urer, G. W. Smith; Assessor and Collector, H. 
E. Worsham: Clerk and Surveyor, Charles A. 
Gilchrist: Sexton, David Clarke. 

1S5S — Mayor, J. P. Updegraff; Aldermen — 
James Clarke, Charles Chandler, O. F. Piper, 
P. Hamilton. William H. Franklin. W. E. With- 
row. Thomas J. Beard, S. G. Cannon ; Clerk, 
William P. Barrett: Attorney, L. H. Waters; 
Marshal and Supervisor, William L. Broaddus; 
Treasurer, George W. Smith; Assessor and Col- 
lector. J. H. Cummings: Surveyor. George W. 
Page: Weigher. C. A. Humes. 

lSf)9 — Mayor, James D. Walker: Aldermen — 
Charles Chandler, Joseph Burton, O. F. Piper, 
Joseph E. Wyne, George M. Wells. J. L. N. Hall, 
William P. Barrett, Samuel G. Cannon, 
(Thomas E. Morgan elected to fill vacancy of 
S. G. Cannon): Clerk and Attorney, George 
Wells: Marshal and Supervisor, George W. 
Smith: Treasurer. Assessor and Collector, J. 
H. Cummings: Weigher. Hugh Ervin; Sexton, 
Peter Clarke. 

LVfiO — Mayor, Charles Chandler: Aldermen^ 
Joseph Burton, W. H. Neece, .1. E. Wyne. R. H. 
Broaddus, G. M. Wells. J. L. N. Hall, Thomas 
E. Morgan. H. T. Chase; Clerk and Attorney, 
George Wells: Marshal and Supervisor. George 
W. Smith: Treasurer, W. W. Provine, Assessor 
and Collector. C. M. Ray. 

1861 — Mayor, James B. Kyle; Aldermen — 
W. H. Neece, John Knappenberger, R. H. Broad- 
dus, I. L. Twyman. J. L. N. Hall, T. M. Jordan, 
H. T. Chase. Loven Garrett; Clerk and Attor- 
ney. George Wells; Marshal. G. L. Farwell (re- 
signed — R. H. Broaddus filled vacancy); Treas- 
urer, W. W. Provine: Assessor and Collector. 
C. .M. Ray: Surveyor, A. J. White: Supervisor. 
George W. Smith: Weigher. J. W. Westfall. 
9 



18(12 — Mayor, B. F. Martin: Aldermen — John 
Knappenberger, J. H. Baker, I. L. Twyman, 
Elisha Morse. Jr.. T. M. Jordan, L. Clisby, Loven 
Garrett. Washington Goodwin: Clerk and Attor- 
ney, George Wells: Marshal, J. Q. Lane; Treas- 
urer, W. W. Provine; Assessor and Collector, 
C. M. Ray, Weigher, G. W. Smith. 

1863 — Mayor, Edward A. Floyd: Aldermen — 
.1. H. Baker. Alexander McLean. R. L. Cochrane, 
O. F. Piper, L. Clisby, W. E. Withrow, Wash- 
ington Goodwin, S. F. Lacy; Clerk and Attor- 
ney. George Wells; Marshal, J. P. Updegraff 
(resigned — George W. Smith appointed to fill 
vacancy); Treasurer, W. W. Provine (W. T. 
Winslow. to fill vacancy); Assessor and Col- 
lector, John L. Anderson; Supervisor, G. W. 
Smith: Weigher. Thomas Gilmore. 

1804 — Mayor. Thomas M. Jordan; Aldermen 
— Alexander McLean, Joseph Durr, R. L. Coch- 
rane, James Anderson, William E. Withrow, 
L. Clisby, S. F. Lance, John Penrose; Clerk 
and Attorney, C. F. Wheat; Marshal and Su- 
pervisor, Chauncey Case; Treasurer, M. T. 
Winslow: Surveyor, James W. Brattle; Weigh- 
er. William G. Cord. 

18C5 — Mayor, Thomas M. Jordan; Aldermen 
— Joseph Durr, J. W. Blount. James Anderson, 
R. L. Cochrane, L. Clisby, J. P. Updegraff, John 
Penrose, James Brown: Clerk, W. E. Withrow; 
Marshal, Assessor and Collector, John E. Lane; 
Treasurer. M. T. Winslow; Attorney. C. F. 
Wheat; Surveyor. James W. Brattle; Sui)ervi- 
sor, George W. Smith; W^eigher. W. G. Cord; 
Sexton, W. Doolan. 

1866 — Mayor, Joseph M. Martin: Aldermen — 
.1. W. Blount, S. G. Wadsworth, R. L. Cochrane, 
W. F. Bayne, J. P. Updegraff, W. S. Hill, E. 
B. Hamill. R. J. Adcock; Clerk, W. E. With- 
row; Marshal, J. E. Lane; Treasurer, M. T. 
Winslow; Attorney, C. P. Wheat; Assessor and 
Collector, J. E. Lane; Surveyor, James W. Brat- 
tle; Supervisor. G. W. Curtis; Weigher, I. 
Hillyer; Sexton, John Axford. 

1867 — Mayor, T. .M. Jordan: Aldermen — C. H. 
Bayne, J. W. Blount, W. F. Bayne, R. L. Coch- 
rane, W. S. Hail, William Venable. Jonathan 
Shute, E. B. Hamill; Clerk, W. E. Withrow; 
Marshal and Supervisor, T. M. Gilfrey; Treas- 
urer, M. T. Winslow: Attorney. Asa A. Matte- 
son; Assessor and Collector. T. B. Maury; Sur- 
veyor, James W. Brattle; Weigher, Isaac Hill- 
yer; Sexton, John Axford. 



746 



HISTORY OF Mcdonough county. 



1868 — Mayor, J. P. Updegraff; Aldermen — J. 
W. Blount, W. H. Hainline, R. L. Cochrane, 
O. F. Piper, William Venable, E. L. Wells, E. 
B. Hamill, J. W. Mcintosh; Clerk, W. E. Wlth- 
row; Marshal and Supervisor, G. L. Farwell; 
Treasurer, J. H. Cummings; Attorney, C. F. 
Wheat; Assessor and Collector, H. W. Gash; 
Surveyor, James W. Brattle; Weigher, D. 
Blazer; Sexton, J. Axford. 

1869— Mayor, G. K. Hall; Aldermen— W. H. 
Hainline, J. T. Adcock, O. F. Piper, C. N. Hard- 
ing, E. L. Wells, William Venable, J. W. Mc- 
intosh, T. I,. Kendrick; Clerk, W. E. Withrow; 
Marshal and Supervisor, J. A. Chapman; Treas- 
urer. M. T. Winslow; Attorney, A. A. Matte- 
son; Assessor, J. W. Blount; Collector, J. E. 
Wyne; Surveyor. J. W. Brattle; Weigher, D. 
Blazer; Sexton John Axford. 

1870 — Mayor, Joseph E. Wyne; Aldermen — J. 
T. Adcock, T. Chandler, C. N. Harding, J. H. 
Cummings, W. Venable, A. B. Chapman. T. L. 
Kendrick, J. Durr; Clerk, H. R. Bartleson; 
Marshal, J. Scott; Treasurer, C. V. Chandler; 
Attorney, L. A. Simmons; Assessor, J. W. West- 
fall; Collector, C. C. Chapman; Surveyor, J. 
A. Chapman; Weigher, B. T. Applegate; Sex- 
ton, Ben Vail. 

1871 — Mayor, Joseph M. Martin; Aldermen — 
T. Chandler, B. P. Martin, J. H. Cummings. J. 
McMillen, A. B. Chapman, Thomas Gilmore, 
S. F. Lancey, J. W. Mcintosh; Clerk, H. R. 
Bartleson; Marshal, J. Hillyer; Treasurer, C. V. 
Chandler; Attorney, J. G. Mosher; Assessor, J. 
S. Gash; Collector, S. G. Wadsworth; Surveyor, 
J. W. Brattle; Supervisor. G. W. Smith; 
Weigher. B. T. Applegate; Sexton, J. Axford. 

1872 — Mayor, Charles N. Harding; Aldermen 
— B. T. Martin, T. Chandler, J. McMillan, J. H. 
Cummings, Thomas Gilmore. William Venable, 
J. W. Mcintosh, James Gamage; Clerk. W. E. 
Withrow; Marshal. John Hillyer; Treasurer. C. 
V. Chandler; Attorney. W. J. Franklin; Asses- 
sor, J. S. Gash; Collector, W. I. Twyman; Sur- 
veyor, J. W. Brattle; Supervisor, G. W. Smith; 
Weigher, Isaac Hillyer; Sexton, J. Axford. 

1873 — Mayor, Alexander McLean; Aldermen 
— ^T. Chandler, S. A. M. Ross. J. H. Cummings, 
R. L. Cochrane, William Venable. F. R. Kyle. 
J. Gamage, W. G. McClellan; Clerk and Attor- 
ney, E. P. Pillsbury; Marshal, H. G. Cheatham; 
Trea.surer. C. V. Chandler, Assessor. H. Erwin; 
Collector, J. T. Martin; Surveyor, J. W. Brat- 



tle; Supervisor, George W. Smith; Weigher, I. 
Hillyer; Sexton, J. Axford. 

1874 — Mayor, Alexander McLean; Aldermen 
— S. A. M. Ross, J. W. Cook, R. L. Cochrane, 
J. H. Cummings, F. R. Kyle, William Venable, 
W. G. McClellan, James Gamage; Clerk, O. 
F. Piper; Marshal, Karr McClintock; Treas- 
urer, C. V. Chandler; Attorney, E. P. Pillsbury; 
Assessor, H. Erwin; Collector, Henderson 
Ritchie; Surveyor, J. W. Brattle; Supervisor, 
A. Hudson; Weigher, J. H. Nicholson; Sexton, 
J. Axford. 

187-5 — Mayor, Alexander McLean; Aldermen 
— J. W. Cook, W. E. Martin, J. H. Cummings, 
J. E. Wyne, William Venable, C. N. Harding, 
J. Gamage, D. M. Graves; Clerk, O. F. Piper; 
Marshal, Karr McClintock; Treasurer, C. V. 
Chandler; Attorney, E. P. Pillsbury; Assessor, 
J. C. Reynolds; Collector, Robert Brooking; 
Surveyor. J. W. Brattle; Supervisor, A. Hud- 
son; Weigher, H. Erwin; Sexton, J. Axford. 

1876 — Mayor, Alexander McLean; Aldermen 
— W. K. Martin, E. F. Bradford, J. E. Wyne, 
J. H. Cummings, C. N. Harding, David Scott, 

D. M. Graves, James Gamage; Clerk, O. F. 
Piper; Marshal, Karr McClintock; Treasurer, 
C. V. Chandler; Collector, J. M. Martin; Attor- 

'ney, J. H. Franklin; Assessor. H. W. Gash; Sur- 
veyor. J. W. Brattle; Supervisor, John Shan- 
non; Weigher, J. S. Smith; Sexton, J. Axford. 

1877 — Mayor, Asher Blount; Aldermen — E. 
F. Bradford, W. E. Martin, J. H. Cummings, 
J. E. Wyne. D. Scott. John McLean. J. Gamage, 
W. O. Thomas; Clerk. L. E. Wyne; Marshal, 
K. McClintock; Treasurer, C. V. Chandler; At- 
torney, J. H. Franklin; Assessor, H. Erwin; 
Collector, W. H. Shetterley; Surveyor, J. W. 
Brattle; Supervisor, G. B. Gash; Weigher, J. S. 
Smith; Sexton, J. Shannon. 

1878— Mayor. W. F. Bayne; Aldermen— W. 

E. Martin, E. L. Wells. J. E. Wyne. J. H. Cum- 
mings. John McLean. A. B. Lightener. W. 
O. Thomas, J. M. Hume; Clerk, L. E. Wyne; 
Marshal. K. McClintock; Attorney, J. M. Blazer; 
Treasurer, C. V. Chandler: Assessor, .1. W. 
Westfall; Collector, R. L. Cochrane; Surveyor, 
J. W. Rrattle; Supervisor. John Masterson; 
Weigher. Hiram Russell; Sexton. John Shan- 
non. 

1879— Mayor, G. C. Gumbart. Aldermen— E. 
L. Wells. G. W. Price. J. H. Cummings, J. 
T. Price, A. B. Lightener, I. N. Jellison, J. M. 




^C^lii^^^L^X^,^, 



HISTORY OF Mcdonough county. 



747 



Hume. W. H. Shetterley; Clerk, .lames Venable; 
Marshal, A. Updegraff; Treasurer, C. V. Chand- 
ler; Attorney, J. M. Blazer; Assessor, G. W. 
Kyre: Collector, J. M. Martin: Surveyor, J. 
W. Brattle; Supervisor, John Hillyer; Weigher, 
H. Russell; Sexton. .1. H. Russell. 

1S80— Mayor, G. C. Gunibart; Aldermen— C. 
F. Wheat, G. W. Pace, R. L. Cochrane, T. .1. 
Price, John Robinson, Nev^ton Jellison, J. T. 
Russell, W. H. Shetterley; Clerk, D. Knapp; 
Marshal, K. McClintock; Treasurer. C. V. 
Chandler; Attorney, J. M. Blazer; Assessor. O. 
F. Piper; Collector, J. M. Hume; Surveyor, 
Cephas Holmes; Supervisor. J. C. Simmons; 
Weigher, H. Russell; Sexton. J. H. Russell. 

ISSl — Mayor, William Prentiss; Aldermen — 
Ed. Farmer, C. F. Wheat. W. S. Bailey, R. L. 
Cochrane, John McElrath, J. Robinson, J. T 
Russell. J. M. Hume; Clerk. D. M. Graves; Mar 
shal, K. -McClintock; Treasurer, C. V. Chan 
dler; Attorney. J. H. Bacon; Assessor. G. W 
Eyre; Collector. T. .1. Price; Surveyor. C 
Holmes; Supervisor. J. C. Simmons; W'eigher 
H. Russell; Sexton, J. .Oxford. 

1882 — Mayor, Asher Blount; Aldermen— S. A. 
M. Ross, S. P. Danley. C. .M. Cadwallader, W. 
F. Bayne, G. P. Wells, J. C. McClellan. J. L. 
Baily. Edgar Holies; Clerk, I. M. Martin; Mar- 
shal. K. McClintock; Treasurer. C. V. Chandler; 
Attorney, H. C. Agnew; Assessor. G. W. Eyre; 
Collector, J. T. Russell; Sui)erintendent of 
Streets, J. Shannon; Weigher, H. Russell; Sex- 
ton, J. Axford. 

18S3— Mayor, W. E. Martin; .\ldermen— S. P. 
Danley. J. W. Adcock. W. F. Hayne. B. F. Ran- 
dolph. G. P. Wells. John .McLean. Edgar Holies. 
M. T. Winslow; Clerk, I. M. Martin; Treasurer, 
C. V. Chandler; Attorney, J. H. Bacon; .Mar- 
shal. .\. Updegraff; .Assessor, J. W. Liggett; 
Collector. B. J. Head; Superintendent, G. But- 
terfield; Weigher. H. Russell; Sexton. J. Ax- 
ford. 

1884— Mayor, W. E. .Martin; Aldermen— S. P. 
Danley. B. F. Randolph. W. F. Bayne, J. Mc- 
Lean, J. Archer. J. W. Scott, M. T. Winslow. 
W. O. Thomas; Clerk, I. M. Martin; Treasurer, 
C. V. Chandler; Attorney, J. H. Bacon; Mar- 
shal. .\. Updegraff; .Assessor. G. W. Eyre; Col- 
lector. R. T. Quinn; Superintendent, J. Mas- 
terson; Weigher. H. Russell; Sexton. John Ax- 
ford. 

The Mayor and other general city officers 



being elective biennially (in off-years), their 
names are presented in the following list in 
two year periods, with the year of election. In 
the City Council each ward is represented by 
two Aldermen, chosen, respectively, in alter- 
nate years, but each holding office two years. 
As this changes the personnel of the Council 
annually, the complete list Is given for each 
year, the representatives of the four wards ap- 
pearing consecutively in groups of two for 
each ward, which avoids the necessity of re- 
peating the number of the ward in connection 
with the names of .Aldermen: 

1885 — Mayor. Charles W. Dines; City Clerk, 
Isaac M. Martin; City Treasurer, James H. Pro- 
vine; City Attorney, Lawrence Y. Sherman; Al- 
dermen— (1885) Sam Danley. Wheeler Wells, 
W. F. Bayne, G. E. Kelley. John Scott, John 
.Archer, W. O. Thomas, Henry Rost; (1886) 
Wheeler Wells. W. C. Burke. G. E. Kelley. J. W. 
Howard. John Scott. John Archer. Henry Rost, 
S. B. Dawson. 

1887— Mayor, W. E. Martin; Clerk, Stanton 
Aldredge; .Attorney, George D. Tunnicliff; 
Treasurer, B. F. McLean; Aldermen — (1887) 
Wheeler Wells, W. C. Burke, J. W. Howard. H. 
H. Smith, .John Scott. R. W. Bailey, S. B. Daw- 
son, A. J. Leach; (1888) Wheeler Wells, W. C. 
Burke. H. H, Smith, J. H. Cummings, R. W. Bai 
ley, E. P. Pillsbury, A. J. Leach, John Helms. 

1889 — Mayor, Charles I. Inies; Clerk, Stanton 
Aldredge; Treasurer, J. H. Provlne; .Attorney. 
J. D. Wooten; Aldermen— (1889) W. C. Burke, 
Wheeler Wells. H. H. Smith, J. H. Cummings, E. 
P. Pillsbury, James Venable, John Helms. A. J. 
Leach; (1890) Gary Adcock. Peter Haslett. J. 
H. Cummings, C. B. Ingram, James Venable, 
Robert Brooking, A. J. Leach. John Helms. 

1891- .Ma.vor. A. B. Lightner; Clerk, Edgar 
.Aldredge; Attorney. J. D. Wooten; Treasurer. 
J. O. Peasley: .Aldermen— (1891 ) Gary .Adcock, 
C. L. Wilson. C. B. Ingram. George Hoskinson. 
Robert Brooking, Hugh W'atson. John Helms. 
W. E. Thompson; (1892) C. L. Wilson. E. T. 
Walker. George Hoskinson. Karr McClintock, 
Hugh Watson, Isaiah Odenweller, W. E. Thomp- 
son, .John Helms. 

1S93— Mayor, W. H. Hainline; Clerk, W. H. 
Wilson; .Attorney, Thomas McClure; Treasurer, 

B. P. McLean; Aldermen— ( 189:5) E. T. Walker. 

C. V. Chandler, Karr McClintock, George M. 
Hoskinson. Isaiah Odenweller. M. Baldridge, 



748 



HISTORY OF McDONOUGH COUNTY. 



John Helms, W. E. Thompson; (1S94) C. V. 
Chandler, E. T. Walker, George Hoskinson. 
Karr McClintfK>k, M. Baldridge, Charles Hen- 
dricks, W. E. Thompson, Joseph Larner. 

1895— Mayor, W. E. Martin; Clerk, W. H 
Wilson; Attorney, Thomas McClure; Treasurer 
Frank Mapes; Aldermen — (1895) E. T. Walker 
C. V. Chandler, Karr McCIintock, George Hos 
kinson, Charles Hendricks, John Barclay, Jo 
seph Larner, \V. E. Thompson; (1896) C. V 
Chandler. J. B. Butterfield. George Hoskinson 
Elias Barley, John Barclay, James Bailey, W. E 
Thompson, L. W. Camp. 

1897 — Mayor, Isaiah Odenweller; Clerk, W. H. 
Wilson; Attorney, W. Tunnlcliff; Treasurer, J. 
O. Peasley; Aldermen— (1897) J. B. Butter- 
field, C. V. Chandler. Elias Barley, Bert Morgan, 
James Bailey, James C. Smith, L. W. Camp, 
Ed. Holden; (1898) C. V. Chandler. W. J. Pech, 
Bert Morgan, W.. E. Venard, J. C. Smith, J. W. 
Bailey. Ed. Holden. Charles E. Martin. 

1899— Mayor, Theodore B. Switzer; Clerk, 
Charles B. Smithers; Attorney, C. W. Flack; 
Treasurer, C. V. Chandler; Aldermen — (1899) 
W. J. Pech, J. W. Ralston. W. E. Venard, George 
Russell, J. W. Bailey, J. C. Smith; Charles E. 
Martin, P. H. Tiernan; (1900) J. W. Ralston, 
W. J. Pech, George Russell. W. E. Venard, J. C. 
Smith. George Kerman, P. H. Tiernan. Fred 
Gilbert. 

1901— Mayor, W. J. Pech; Clerk, C. B. Smith- 
ers; Attorney,. Conrad uumhart; Treasurer, 
Frank Mapes; Aldermen— (1901) C. V. Chan- 
dler, J. W. Ralston, W'. E. Venard. George H. 
Russell. George Kerman, J. E. Cordell. Fred 
Gilbert, P. H. Tiernan; (1902) .1. W. Ralston, 
.lohn Senn, George Russell, J. O. Peasley, J. E. 
Cordell, Don Pennywitt, P. H. Tiernan, W. E. 
Thompson. 

1903 — Mayor, Isaiah Odenweller; Clerk, Ray 
Brooking; Attorney, Conrad Gumbart; Treas- 
urer, C. V. Chandler; Aldermen — (1903) John 
Senn, C. G. Chandler, J. O. Peasley, George Rus- 
sell, Don Pennywitt, R. V. Purdum. W. E. 
Thompson. P. H. Tiernan; (1904) C. G. Chan- 
dler; L. A. Ross. George Russell. J. O. Peasley, 
R. V. Purdum. Charles W. Gilmore. P. H. Tier- 
nan, W. S. Sperry. 

1905 — Mayor. I. M. Fellheimer; Clerk, F. G. 
McClellan; Attorney. H. M. Tabler; Treasurer. 
Frank Mapes; Alderman — (1905) L. A. Ross. 
Samuel Russell. J. O. Peasley, Gary W. Adcock, 
Charles W. Gilmore. R. V. Purdum, W. S. 



Sperry, Peter Campbell; (1906) Samuel Rus- 
sell, J. M. Pace, Gary Adcock-, Orlo Piper, R. V. 
Purdum, R. W. Oakman, Peter Campbell, Oliver 
Thompson, 

1907— Mayor, Samuel Russell; Clerk, C. B. 
Smithers; Attorney, H. M. Tabler; Treasurer, 
C. V. Chandler; Aldermen — (elected in 1907) 
J. M. Pace, Fred Ralston, Gary Adcock, Orlo 
Piper, R. W. Oakman, R. V. Purdum, Oliver 
Thompson, Ford Fisher. 

The city had over C,000 inhabitants in 1907, 
and is considered one of the best built and 
governed cities of its size in the State of 
Illinois. 

CiTT Water Works. — In 1903, the present 
water works of the City of Macomb were con- 
structed by Mr. Morgan, a noted engineer of 
Chicago. The system includes a combination 
of ordinary gravitation and direct action from 
^the pumps. There is a steel stand-pipe, nearly 
100 feet in height, which affords pressure suffi- 
cient to reach the highest buildings. There is 
also a large reservoir some 60 feet in diameter, 
sufficient for any ordinary emergency. The 
water primarily was obtained from two wells 
respectively, some 1600 to 1700 feet in depth, 
but the water being largely impregnated witb 
sulphur, was not desirable for steam and culi- 
nary purposes. So, in 1905. wells were sunk 
in the Third Ward, and the water obtained 
from them is of excellent quality but limited in 
quantity. The total cost of the works to date 
amounts to something over $25,000. The pro- 
curing of a sufficient supply of water is con- 
sidered a serious and most important problem, 
and may result in an attempt to establish a 
connection with Crooked Creek. The works are 
owned and operated by the City, and have 
proved of great benefit for sanitary purposes, 
the city having been properly sewered and 
mains laid on all the principal streets. 

FiRK Departmkxt. — The headquarters of the 
Macomb Fire Department are located at No. 220 
North Lafayette Street. Following is a list of 
the officers and members: 

Fire Marshal, Douglas McCaughey. 

First Assistant, B. T. W'hitson. 

Second Assistant. William Gesler. 

Members — Charles Applegate, William Chan- 
dler, John Daugherty, William Gesler, Thomas 
Hoskinson. M. T. Price, William Hill, Gardie 
Chandler and Harry Thompson. 




Court House, Macomb. Built in 1836 




Court House, Macomb. Built in 1871-2 



HISTORY OF McDONOUGlI COUNTY. 



749 



The department is well housed, conveniently 
situated, and its equipment consists of hose car- 
riage, ladder carriage and large chemical car- 
riage. It has proved to be a useful organiza- 
tion. 



The Bell Telephone Company office is located 
at 202 North Lafayette Street, with W. E. Mar- 
tin as manager. 



Electric Light .\.ni) Gas Plant. — ^The first 
gas-works in the city of Macomb were erected 
by a Chicago comi)any. Alexander McLean 
acting as agent for the same. The first mains 
laid in October, 1S74. were wooden and were 
•continued in use until March ISSO. when the 
plant, situated in the City Park, was destroyed 
by fire but rebuilt in March. 1881. The present 
buildings are situated on East Carroll Street, 
with modern machinery, and have two large 
gas holders. In addition an electric system was 
installed several years ago, which has two large 
engines, capable of producing electrical energy 
to any extent required in the city. These works 
are held by a private corporation with a capital 
of $50,000, the principal stockholders being A. 
Eads. I. N. Pearson. William Cummings. B. F. 
McLean, the estate of .Joseph \V. Mcintosh, 
and others. The officers of the company are 
George W. Bailey, President : H. W. Cummings. 
Secretary, and .J. W. Bailey. Treasurer. The 
works are in charge of Fred S. Armstrong, as 
Superintendent. 

Tklkgk.m'H .\ni> Tki.epiionk Skrvick. — The 
Western Union Telegraph Company has the 
only telegraph office in the city, located at the 
Chicago. Burlington & Quincy Railroad Depot. 
"115 North Randolph Street. 

The Illinois Western Telephone Company 
was first organized in Industry by P. Avery 
and George Garrison, in May. 1902. In 1904 it 
was reorganized, with headquarters at Augusta. 
Hancock County, but subsequently the offices 
were removed to Macomb. At the time of re- 
organization the name of the corporation was 
changed, and it is now known as the Illinois 
Western Telephone Company. It Is based on a 
capital stock of $200,000. and has the following 
named officers: President. C. W. Erwin: Sec- 
retary and Treasurer. Edward Y. McLean; Di- 
rectors. C. W. Erwin. George Kerman. L. B. 
V'ose. Mrs. Rell Erwin and L. E. Gray. The 
central offices are in the Eads Building. No. 
Ill East Carroll Street. Communication is 
furnished throughout the Military Tract and 
with long distance Bell lines. 



CHAPTER XVHI. 



PUBLIC BUILDINGS. 

.M'lloNOK.ll county's FIKST COIRT liol .SK .\ PKIM- 
ITIVE LOG CABI.N EBECTEU AT A COST OK $69.50 — 
A SECOXn BUILDING COMI'LETEB IN 1834 AND 
.SERVES FOR OVER THIRTY YEARS — IT BECOMES 
UNSAFE IN THE EARLY 'SIXTIES AND THE PRES- 
ENT BUILDING IS PROJECTED IN 1868 A TIE-UP 

ON THE QUESTION OF MACOMB's CONTRIIUTION 
TO THE COST — THE ISSUE .SOLVEI> liV THE GEN- 
EROSITY OF A MACOMB BUSINESS MAN COST OF 

THE BUILDING. FURNISHINGS AND ACCOMI'ANI- 
.ME.NTS. AS l-INISHKD IN 1872. $155,370 — DE- 
SCRIITION OF THE BUILDIN<i — FIRST .lAIL ERECT- 
ED IN 1S3U-34 DESCRII>TION OF THE PRESENT 

.lAII. COMPLETED IN 1876 COUNTY ALMSHOUSE. 

The first building constructed for use as a 
court house in McDonough County was erected 
in 1S31, In accordance with an order adopted 
by the Board of County Commissioners on April 
12th of that year. The sitecifications adopted 
by the Board provided that the building should 
be constructed of logs, hewed on both sides, 
should be IS by 20 feet in dimensions, "with 
a white-oak plank floor above, and below, laid 
loose," should be "nine feet between joists and 
sleepers," that the walls should he "chinked 
and daubed on the out side," that it should be 
provided with "a good batten door, hung on 
good iron hinges," that it should have two 
windows, one witn twelve panes of glass and 
the other with six panes, protected by batten 
shutters, the "undertaker" (or contractor) to 
furnish all material except the glass, and the 
building to be finished by the first of September 
following. The contract was awarded the same 
day the order was adopted to William South- 
ward, the cost to be $69.50. The building was 
completed within the time specified, and the 
circuit court met there for its second term in 
the county, there being present at the session 
Richard M. Young as presiding .Justice, and 



,750 



HISTORY Ol" .McDOXCJUGH COUNTY, 



Thomas Ford as State's Attorney, with William 
Southward, Sheriff, and James M. Campbell, 
Circuit Clerk. 

By 1833, this building being found inadequate 
for court purposes, at the May term of that 
year, the County Board adopted an order for 
the erection of a new building to be constructed 
of brick, two stories in height and forty-six 
feet square, upon a stone foundation with 
frame cupola from the center three feet high. 
James Clark, Moses Henton and Benjamin T. 
Naylor were appointed a committee to superin- 
tend the erection of the building, and the con- 
tract for the stone and brick work was awarded 
to George Miller and John T. Bishop, for the 
sum of $2.49.s with the proviso that the build- 
ing be completed by November 1, 1834. In 
September, 1835, a contract was entered into 
with Morris Roberts and David F. Martin to 
construct an enclosure for the building at a 
cost of $1,334 and by another contract the 
completion of the wood-work, painting, etc., 
was provided for on a basis of $l,Orin, the con- 
tractors being Benjamin T. Naylor and Robert 
A. Brazleton. making the total cost of the build- 
ing with the enclosure |4,832. The contracts 
were completed and the first session of the 
Circuit Court was held in the new building in 
the fall of 1836. 

This building was used for Circuit Court and 
other county purposes for a period of thirty- 
three years (1836 to 1869), except during the 
years between 1860 and 1866. when the walls 
were deemed unsafe. During the former year, 
while Hon. Chauncey L. Higbee was delivering 
a political speech in the court-room, the walls 
began to crack (whether on account of the 
speaker's eloquence or for some other reason 
is not stated in the local histories), producing 
a small panic which soon resulted in emptying 
the building, which was not afterwards used 
for court purposes until 1866, when it was 
partially repaired, Campbell's Hall, in the 
meantime, being occupied for this purpose. 

An urgent demand fo/ the erection of a new 
building having arisen, at the meeting of the 
Board of Supervisors held in September, 1868, 
a resolution was adopted proposing that the 
work be undertaken "with as little delay as 
possible." A supplementary resolution was 
adopted at the same meeting appointing L. G. 
Reid as a committee to procure plans and speci- 
fications for the proposed building, and to con- 



fer with the Macomb City Council in reference 
to securing aid for its construction, with in- 
struction to report to the Board at a special 
meeting to be held on the first Monday In Oc- 
tober following. At this meeting a resolution 
was adopted declaring that the "Board refuse 
to erect a court house in the city of Macomb 
until said city become legally obligated to 
donate in aid of the construction of the same 
$20,00(1." As a result of this action the Macomb 
City Council proposed to donate $15,000 to the 
purpose, but refused to increase their ajipropria- 
tion beyond this sum. This disagreement 
threatened to delay the enterprise indefinitely, 
if not promote the scheme for the removal of 
the county-seat to the city of Bushnell, which 
had started a movement for this purpose. The 
issue, however, was settled by the offer of N. 
P. Tinsley, a public-spirited business man of 
Macomb, to assume responsibility for the extra 
$5,000 demanded by the County Board. A re- 
quest for plans and specifications for the pro- 
l)osed new building was promptly issued, re- 
sulting in the adoption of those submitted by 
E. E. Myers, an architect of Springfield. 111., 
and at an adjourned meeting of the Board held 
on the 29th of December, following, twelve bids 
were opened, the proposals ranging from $125,- 
000 to $160,000. These not being deemed 
satisfactory, new jiroposals were invited. This 
call was answered by ten bidders, the pro- 
Ijosals in this case ranging from $110,000 
to $143,000. The contract was finally award- 
ed to Messrs. Walbaum & Co., of Chicago, on 
the basis of $129,0(»0. and L. G. Reid. of La- 
moine Township, was appointed to superintend 
the work at a salary of $1,200 per annum. The 
contract provided for the completion of the 
building by the first of November, 1S70, but 
this was not accomplished until the summer of 
1872 Other expenses — of which $5,650 was on 
account of heating apparatus, $5,777 for furni- 
ture, and $6,289 for fencing — raised the total 
cost of the building and furnishings to $155,370. 

Dksibii'tiox ok Biii.DiNo. — The Court House 
which has undergone no important changes 
since its completion in the early 'seventies, 
except as to furnishings and internal improve- 
ments, is described in Clarke's "History of 
McDonough County" (1878), as follows: 

"The exterior of the building presents an 
imposing appearance and harmonious picture 




Old M. E. Church. Built about 1856 
Now occupied by Macomb Fire Department 



buut ir. Ic-JO 




;.j:.'.y J.i;l. Macomb. Built in 1676 



HISTORY OF Mcdonough county. 



751 



from whatever point of view it is approached. 
It is situated in the center of the square, in 
the midst of a beautifully decorated yard, en- 
closed by a neat and substantial iron fence. 
This square is in the center of the city and 
wit'.iin a few hundred yards of the exact center 
of the county. The building is one of the 
neatest and best in the State used for a like 
purpose, and one to which every resident of the 
county points with pride. The many valuable 
public records of the county are considered 
safe within its walls. 

"The building is of modern style of architect- 
ure, and is three stories in height above the 
basen)ent. The basement story is built of 
Sagetown limestone, which gives the structure 
the appearance of solidity, and is in beautiful 
contrast with the red brick with which are built 
the exterior walls of the main and second 
stories. The openings and corners of the build- 
ing are also trimmed with the same kind of 
stone. The outside walls of the fourth, or en- 
tresol, story are covered with slate and the 
roof with tin. The roof, which is Mansard, 
presents a neat appearance, and is elegantly 
trimmed with cast-iron trimmings. 

"There are four entrances leading into the 
corridors of the main story, one in the center 
of either side and one in each end. Each of 
these opens from a portico constructed of iron 
and stone, and is reached by fine, wide stone 
steps. Under each portico, except the one on 
the north, and directly below the main en- 
trances, are openings leading into the halls of 
the l)asement. The building is surmounted by 
a fine belfry, which rises from the west end. 
It contains a large town clock, the bell of 
which, weighing fifteen hundred pounds, peals 
forth the hours as they pass. On four sides, 
and in plain view from all points, are large 
dials, with huge hands pointing to the hour 
and minute. The entire framework of the 
belfry is constructed of wrought iron. From 
this belfry a fine view is obtained of the sur- 
rounding country for many miles, it being the 
highest available point in the county. 

"The ground plan of the building is 114 feet 
long by 72 wide. The front walls are broken 
projections forming an irregular outline. Large 
halls pass through the basement and main 
stories. The floors of the walls in the base- 
ment are made of stone, while those in the 
first and second stories are of marble tiling. 



twelve inches square. The partition walls, with 
few exceptions, are made of brick, upon which 
rest heavy wrought-iron beams and joists for 
the support of the floors. The ceilings are of 
corrugated iron, painted white. The halls are 
w'ainscoted throughout with black walnut and 
ash. The doors are large and heavy and made 
of ash with black walnut trimings, while the 
inside window shutters and casings are of the 
same materials. 

"In the center of the south side, leading 
from the basement to the fourth floor, is a 
broad iron stairway, while one in the west 
end of the building, south of the main entrance, 
leads from the basement to the third floor. 
Leading from the fourth floor to the balcony 
of the belfry Is an iron spiral stairway. 

"In the basement is the room for the engine 
used for heating purposes, fuel and storage 
rooms, water closets and bathrooms. The main 
floor has commodious apartments for the Coun- 
ty Judge, County and Circuit Clerks, Sheriff, 
Treasurer, and School Superintendent, with 
fireproof vaults for public records. On the 
third floor are several good offices, the private 
room of the Circuit Judge, office of the County 
Surveyor, jury-room and council room of the 
city of Macomb; also the Circuit Court room, 
which occupies the eastern portion of the sec- 
ond, and third stories. This room is quite 
large, with ample provision for the bar, wit- 
nesses, jury and spectators, being seated with 
about four hundred arm chairs. The rooms in 
the upper story are used principally for storage 
purposes. There are in the entire building 
thirty-four rooms, all of which are heated by 
steam, the principal rooms being provided, in 
addition, witth fireplaces and mantels. Its venti- 
lation is good and, throughout, it is supplied 
with all the modern improvements." 

CofKTV JAn-.-=-At the March term of the Mc- 
Donough County Commissioners' Court, in 1833, 
an order was adbpted providing for the erection 
of a county jail — the first in the history of the 
county, — the contract being awarded on the sec- 
ond Monday of April following. The specifica- 
tions provided for a building "twenty feet 
square, with three rooms at least nine feet be- 
tween the floor and ceiling: the walls built of 
hewed logs, twelve Inches square, laid close, 
dove-tailed together and pinned at the corner, 
... to be lined with plank two inches thick 



752 



HISTORY OF Mcdonough county. 



of white oak, spiked on across the logs," with 
floor of similar sized plank and double thick- 
ness, like ceiling, and with doors covered by 
sheet iron with three grated windows large 
enough to admit a pane of glass ten by twelve 
inches, and one window containing six panes 
of glass. Two of the rooms were described as 
"criminals' rooms" and the third as a "debtor's 
room." The building was based on a stone 
foundation, and the contract for its construc- 
tion was awarded to James Edmonson. The 
cost of construction is not given, but there is 
reason to believe that it was much more than 
that of the first court house. This building 
served its purpose for some twenty years, when 
It was turned over to the city of Macomb and 
became the city "calaboose." 

Following the erection of a new court house 
there came an urgent demand for a new jail, 
but the work was not undertaken until 1S76. 
Advertisements were inserted in the local papers 
and a Chicago paper in March of that year. 
The contract was awarded to J. M. Price & Co., 
of Macomb, for the sum of $23,000. Other ex- 
l)enses for lots, barns, fences, walks, etc., 
raised the total cost to $2.5,622.99. William 
Quayle of Peoria was the architect. 

The building, which is also used by the Sher- 
iff as a residence during his term of office, is 
two stories in height — the front, or residence 
portion, 35 by 42 feet, and the jail proper 3.5 
by 40 feet. The basement is constructed of 
limestone with rough surface exterior: the 
walls of the main building of red brick, and 
with stone trimmings for openings. The Sher- 
iff's residence contains eight rooms, with 
closets, wardrobes and halls, and with three 
entrances. The jail proper as originally con- 
structed contained twenty-four cells, each iVd 
by 7 feet, seven feet in height and arranged in 
six tiers — four in length and three in height — 
one-half opening toward the east and one-half 
opening toward the west, into corridors eleven 
feet wide — the upper cells reached by stair- 
way and balcony. The lower tier of cells rest 
on seven feet of concrete. In the north end of 
the prison department is a dining room 12 by 
35 feet. This portion of the building is fur- 
nished with ample iron water-tanks, bath-rooms, 
-ventilating flues, etc., the openings being pro- 
tected with gratings. The basement is occu- 
pied by heating furnace and fuel rooms. The 
female and debtor's apartments occupy the 



rear portion of the second story, consisting of 
three large rooms. The building was first occu- 
pied for jail purposes the latter part of Novem- 
ber, 1876. 

For description of public school buildings — 
including Western Illinois State Normal School 
— see Chapter XXII on "Education." 

Cou.N TY Almshouse. — The McDonough Coun- 
ty almshouse, about two miles southeast of the 
city of Macomb, was erected about the year 
1874. It is a large and neat structure, situated 
on a tract of 160 acres of excellent arable land, 
and is in charge of James M. Mathews, as 
Superintendent. 



CTLVPTF^.R XIX. 



EARLY CHURCHES. 



V.lAtVAl .JOHN I.O(;.\.\ IMSKACIIKS TIIIO KIK.ST .SEKMO.V 
IN M'nOXOUOH COINTY IN 1828 — BAI'TI.ST 

Cm'KCII KOlNDKn IX 1831 OTHEK I!APTI.ST 

(HCKCHES, FIRST ME.MBEU.S AMI I'A.STOBS 

C'Ht RCII OK THE DI.SCIPIES SECIl.M) I.\ DATE OK 
ORC.WIZATIO.N — EARLY CHIRCIIES OF TIII.S I)E- 

NO.MIX.VTIOX ANIl THEIR FOfXDERS METHODIST 

CHURCHES, DATE OF OK(:AXIZ.\TIOX AXD LOCATION 

i'RESBYTERIAX CHIRIH HISTORY' EARLY MEM- 

UEKS AXD I'A.STORS ClMliERI.AXI) I'RE.SBYTE- 

llr.\XS, CO.NCREr..\TIOXAI.ISTS .VXD LATER I'.Al'TLST 

ORCAXIZATIOXS IXIVERSALIST AND REFORMED 

CHfRCHE.S — EARLY CATHOLIC ORII ANIZ.\TIONS 

rXITED liRETHREN AND H'THKRAX rTU'RCHES. 

In accordance with the general rule in the 
rural districts of Illinois, religious organiza- 
tion and development have been a leading fac- 
tor in local history. Elder John Logan, a Bap- 
tist minister, is reputed to have preached the 
first Christian sermon ever delivered in Mc- 
Donough County, though the exact date 
is not given. Elder Logan came to that local- 
ity in May. 1828, and settled in the vicinity of 
the present village of Industry, in what was 
known as the "Carter Settlement," which had 
been established during the previous year. Mr. 



HISTORY OI- McDONOl'GH COUNTY. 



753 



Losan had the reputation of being the first 
missionary appointed by the Home Missionary 
Society of Boston, Mass., and for some months 
lived in the old bloclv-house situated on the 
farm of William Carter, from whom the set- 
tlement took its name, and here he is said to 
have preached the first sermon in the county 
during the year of his arrival. 

During the month of November, l.s:;i. Elder 
Logan, assisted by Elder Stephen Strickland, 
established a Bai)tist Church in Bethel Town- 
ship. It was known as the "Tnion Church.' at 
the time of its organization consisting of ten 
members — four males and si.\ females — viz.: 
John and N'ancy Gibson. William and Sarah 
Stephens, James and Polly Edmonston, Richard 
and Cassandra Morris, Abigail Fer.guson and 
Sarah C. Palmer. The denomination was 
known at that time as the "rnited Baptist:" 
which afterwards became the "ReKUlar Bap- 
tist." Thus it was that the Baptist denomina- 
tion gained the reputation of becoming the 
first church organization in McDonough Coun- 
ty. Thomas H. Owen, a licentiate who preached 
to this congregation for a time, afterward re- 
moved to Hancock County, and was later a 
member of the State Legislature, serving two 
terms in the House and one session in the Sen- 
ate. John Gibson, who was one of the first 
members of this church, was a prominent cit- 
izen, on two occasions the annual association 
being held near him, when he fed and lodged 
a large number of its members. In 1832 El- 
der William Bradley was called to the pastor- 
ate of this church, and in the fall of the same 
year messengers were sent to the Spoon River 
Association, and it was received into corre- 
spondence and fellowship. In 1S33 Elder Mica- 
jah B. Rowland joined the Union Church and 
soon after became its pastor, from which he 
was released in 1S3.5. being succeeded during 
the latter year by Samuel L. Dark, a licentiate, 
who was onlained in lN4i). Others who held 
pastoral relations with this church were Elder 
Robert Mays (1S38), Elder John Driskill 
(183S-57), Elder George Tracy (for a few 
months in 1858) but whose pastorate was ter- 
minated by his sudden death. Elder Tracy was 
succeeded by Elder Isaac .\. Van Meter, whose 
pastorate continueil for over twenty years, be- 
ing assisted at times by Elder Jacob Castlebury 
and T. N. Frazee. This church met at Middle- 



town ( now Fandon ) for many years, where a 
new house of worship was erected about 1877. 

Antioch Church, also of the Regular Bap- 
tist denomination, was organized at Middle- 
town in February. 1841. by Elders Owen and 
Frazee — the L'nion Church then holiiing its 
meetings a few miles distant. But four persons 
entered the organization at that time. — viz.: 
John and Parthenia McCormick, William D. 
Stevens and Holly Edmonston — though others 
soon after were added. Elder Owen served as 
pastor for a time, and the church was connect- 
ed with the Salem Association. A house of 
worship was built in Middletown in 1843, but 
the church was nnally disolved in 1849, most of 
its members uniting with the L'nion Church. 

Besides the two churches already named, 
there were one or two others accepting the 
same articles of faith, but these generally 
united with the "New School" organization, 
leaving but one "Regular Baptist" church in 
the county in 1878. 

CitiHcii oi- TiiK Discii'LKs. — The second de- 
nomination to effect an organization in Mc- 
Donough County was the "Christian" or "Di-s- 
ciples of Christ. ■ whose first representatives to 
make their a|)|)earance in the county were 
Elders Bristow and Long in 1831. The oldest 
church of this creed was organized under the 
name of the Liberty Church, a few miles from 
Blandinsville in 1832, but in 1849 it removed to 
Blandinsville and took the name of Blandins- 
ville Christian Church. 

.Macomb Christian Church was organized in 
that city, September 1(>, 184.5, with seventeen 
members, which, added to twenty-nine who had 
enrolled a few months previous under the 
preaching of Evangelist Elder A. J. Kane, made 
a total ol forty-si.x. This church has had an 
extensive growth, and it is now one of the 
strongest church organizations in the county. 
Its church building is located at 202 West Jack- 
son Street. A church edifice erected in 1880 has 
been in use ever since, and is the oldest church 
building in Macomb. A Christian Endeavor 
Chapel is situated in West Woodbury Street, 
in which Sunday School and prayer meetings 
are held. 

Bedford Christian Church, located in the 
northwestern part of Blandinsville Township, 
was organized on April 7. 1850. by Elder Mil- 



754 



HISTORY OF Mcdonough county. 



ton Dodge, with a strong force of members. 
Other church organizations of this denomi- 
nation include Mound Christian Church, or- 
ganized in 1857 by Elder J. B. Royal, of Ver- 
mont, 111.; the Christian Church of Industry, 
organized January 27, 1858, by Rev. .lohn Mc- 
Millin with eight members, holding its meet- 
ings in school-houses and in the Cumberland 
Presbyterian Church until 1809. when it erected 
a building of its own; the New Salem Church, 
organized April 8, 1859, by Mr. Royal; Colches- 
ter Christian Church, at Colchester, organized 
by Elders J. C. Reynolds and C. Ades, April 1, 
1867. with 116 members; Sciota Christian 
Church reorganized after a period of depres- 
sion in January, 1876; New Bedford Church, or- 
ganized by Elder J. H. Breeden, in November, 
1871, and Bushnell Church, which erected a 
church building in 1867, though the exact date 
of its organization has not been ascertained. 
In 1878 there were nine congregations of this 
denomination in the county, with a member- 
ship, at that time, of 1,121, which has grown 
greatly since that period. 

Meth()])ist Churches. — As usual in most 
other rural districts of the State, the Metho- 
dist Episcopal Church obtained a foothold in 
McDonough County, at an early date and now 
leads both as to membership and to number 
of church organizations. The noted Peter 
Cartwright is reputed in 1832 to have preached 
the first sermon in McDonough County by any 
representative of that denomination, and organ- 
ized the first church there during the same 
year. Meetings were held in the old court 
house until 1835, when a brick building was 
erected on a site donated by Hon. James M. 
Campbell. This building was demolished by a 
cyclone in 1847, but was rebuilt the follow- 
ing year, the congregation in the meantime 
holding services conjointly with the Presby- 
terians. The second church building was 
blown down in 1854, and was replaced by a 
new structure, which was dedicated in 1857, 
services being held during the interval in the 
Christian church and in the court house. This 
church was rebuilt ^nd refitted, the dedicatory 
sermon on Its reopening being preached by 
Bishop Simpson. Not long after the dedication 
of this building the spire was blown down by a 
violent storm, its place being later supplied by 
a less pretentious cupola. The Macomb Metho- 



dist Church has been a regular station since 
1858, and during its history has been presided 
over by some of the most noted ministers of 
that denomination in the capacity of pastors 
or Presiding Elders. 

Tennessee Methodist Episcopal Church dates, 
its origin from the holding of missionary meet- 
ings in the home of James Fulkerson, near 
Hillsgiove. in 1832, the locality being popularly 
known as the "Old Methodist Stamping 
Grounds." In 1851 a society was organized 
south of Tennessee at what was called the 
"brick school-house." A church structure was 
erected in that vicinity in 1864. 

Friendship Methodist Episcopal Church, one 
of the older religious organizations in the coun- 
ty, was organized in 1833 by Rev. Mr. Cord, a 
Methodist Missionary. Meetings were held for 
a time at the residence of John Hunt, later 
known as the Kirk place, and for many years 
at the school-house near the present site of the 
church. The first camp meeting in the Mili- 
tary Tract was held in this locality in 1833, and 
is said to have attracted visitors from a wide 
extent of country, including Quincy, Jackson- 
ville, Beardstown and other points equally dis- 
tant. 

One of the <ildest Methodist organizations in 
McDonough County, known as Pennington 
Point Methodist Episcopal Church, was organ- 
ized at Pennington Point, New Salem Town- 
ship, 1835 or 1836, and a commodious edifice 
was erected there in the 'sixties or 'seventies, a 
good frame parsonage also being erected in con- 
nection with the church. 

What is known as Bardolph Methodist Epis- 
copal Church was organized in 1836 at the res- 
idence of .Joseph Kepple. about a mile south of 
the present village of Bardolph. the first mem- 
bers being William H. and Ann Jackson, Mrs. 
Jacob Kepple and Mrs. Gulp. Meetings were 
held for a time at Mr. Kepple's house, later at 
the residence of Mr. Jackson, and in a union 
church erected jointly by the Methodists and 
Cumberland Presbyterians. Some of the early 
pastors were Revs. B. E. Kaufman, D. S. Main, 
A. P. Hull, J. Ferguson, Jacob Matthews and 
J. E. Taylor. The present pastor is Rev. Mr. 
Dye. . 

Other Methodist organizations which came 
into existence in the county previous to, or 
during. 1876. include the following: 

Stickle Methodist Episcopal Church, organ- 




First Baptist Church. Macomb 




Universalis! Church. Macomb 



HISTORY OF McDONOL'GH COIW TV 



755 



ized in Emmet Township, with twelve members, 
and named in honor of Abraham Stickle. A 
church edifice was erected in l!sri4 at a cost ot 
$1,700. 

Blandinsville Methodist Episcopal Church, 
organized by Rev. Barton Cartwright about 
1M8. 

Rock Creek Methodist Episcopal Church, or- 
ganized in Hire Township in lX.iO, with twenty- 
two members; met in school-houses until 187o, 
when a church building was erected at a cost 
of $2.00(1. 

-Maple Grove .Methodist Episcopal Church, in 
Emmet Township, organized about 1S5(I, held 
meetings in groves and school-houses until 
1SC5, when it took possession of a house of 
worship costing $2,500. 

Mound Chapel Methodist Episcopal Churcn, 
organized at the residence of E. Dyer in 1S54. 
with eight or ten members. Its church build- 
ing was erected in 1868 at a cost of $3,200. 

Pleasant Grove Methodist Episcopal Church, 
Industry Township, occupied a church build- 
ing erected in 18.')" costing $1,20(». 

Liberty Methodist Episcopal Church. Bland- 
insville Township, in the early 'seventies, had 
one of the best rural churches in the county, 
costing about $2,500. 

Prairie City Methodist Episcopal Church, es- 
tablished in the 'fifties; had a church edifice 
erected in 1S58; also had a parsonage connected 
with the church. Revs, .lames Haney. R. Berry- 
man. Richard Haney, Benjamin Applebee. .lohn 
Morey. A. E. Phelps. Thomas Kirkpatrick and 
C. Hobart were among the early preachers 
in this vicinity. 

Industry Methodist Episcopal Church, organ- 
ized at the village of Industry by Rev. E. 
Montgomery in 1S55, with .lohn Reed and wife. 
Henry Robely and wife. .M. Merrick and wife, 
Mrs. Vance, Fanny Bridges and Polly Shannon, 
as its first members; had a church building 
erected in 18CG at a cost of about $2,000. 

Colchester Methodist Episcopal Cnurch, or- 
ganized February 1, 1858. by Revs. H. Presson 
and B. E. Kaufman, with twenty-one members; 
held service in a school-house until 1801. when 
it erected a church building costing $1,200. 

Mound .Methodist Episcojjal Church, in the 
northwestern corner of Prairie City Township, 
erected a building in 1858, costing $1,400; also 
bad a parsonage. 



Linn Grove Methodist Episcopal Church. Wal- 
nut Grove Township, had a church building 
erected in 1870 at an outlay of $2,400. 

Willow Grove Methodist Episcopal Church 
for a time held its meetings in Prosperity Hall. 
Emmet Township, and later in Willow Grove 
Church of the United Brethren. 

New Hope Methodist Episcopal Church was 
organized in 18CG, and had a church edifice, 
erected during the following year, costing 
$1.G00. 

Bethel Methodist Episco|)al Church was or- 
ganized in the same vicinity twenty-five or 
thirty years earlier, where a church building 
was erected in 1845, but was burned in 1863, 
having been set on fire by an incendiary. 

Centennial .Methodist Episcopal Church, lo- 
cated in New Salem Township, was organized 
in 1871. held its meetings in a school-house for 
five years, and in 1876 dedicated its nrst church 
building. Rev. William J. Rutledge officiating. 

Greenwood Methodist Episcopal Church held 
its meetings for several years in school-houses. 
In August, 1873, it was reorganized and in De- 
cember, 1875, dedicated a church building 
erected in the northeastern part of Macomb 
Township, and costing $2,000. 

Adair Methodist Episcopal Church was or- 
ganized in 1875, a church structure erected 
costing about $2,000, and dedicated in October 
of the same year. 

The Second { African ) Methodist Episcopal 
Church, Macomb. 111., was organized in Sep- 
tember, 1870, with five members, but in propor- 
tion to the colored population of that city, has 
had a reasonable growth. For some time meet- 
ings were held in the old Baptist church, but 
the present location of the church is at 320 
North Mechanic Street. 

PBEsnvTKRiAx CHURCHES. — The Presbyterians 
were iht third Christian denomination to es- 
tablish themselves in McDonough County, 
the First Presbyterian Church of Macomb being 
organized on .lune 9. 1S32, by Rev. William .1. 
Frazer. of Morgan County, services taking 
place in the old log court house, near the north- 
east corner of the Public Square on the site of 
the present Union National Bank. The original 
members were: Thomas Grant and wife, 
Alexander Harris and wife, Alexander Camp- 
bell and wife, John Harris and wife (the 



756 



HISTORY OF McDOiVOL'GH COUNTY. 



latter afterward Mrs. John Clark), Mrs. Patsey 
Naylor, Thomas Pickett. Elizabeth M. Ander- 
son, Miss Ruth Wilson. Miss .lane Cami)l)e!l. 
and Miss Mahala Camp, afterward Mrs. Quin- 
tus Walker. Mr. Frazer continued to preach 
for this congregation, and occasionally in other 
parts of the county, for a number of years. 
Other prominent ministers of this denomina- 
tion, who officiated as pastors or supplies 
for a number of years, were: Revs. Wil- 
liam K. Stewart, .lames Chase, Ralph Har- 
ris, I. Pillsbury, Joseph Warren and J. H. NeS- 
bitt. Services were held in the old court 
house until 1S34, when the first brick court 
house was erected. This was used for church 
purposes until 1S35 or 'oti, when a church build- 
ing of brick was erected, which gave place to 
a larger frame structure first occupied in Jan- 
uary, 1853. The present handsome church edi- 
fice, erected a few years ago, at a cost (includ- 
ing interior fixtures) of $20,01)0, is located on 
West Carroll Street. The present pastor is the 
Rev. A. F. Ernst. 

Camp Creek Presbyterian Church, in Scot- 
land Township, was organized May 22, 1839, in 
Joseph McCrosky's barn on Camp Creek, with 
thirty original members. Rev. J. M. Hoge be- 
• came the first regular pastor In 1843, and was 
succeeded, previous to 1878, by Revs. James 
Chase. William K. Stewart, William F. Fergu- 
son," J. C. King, James Cameron, John Steel, C. 
Leavenworth, Joseph Piatt. J. G. Bliss. John 
'Griffin, W. H. Goodeson, P. W. Thompson and 
J. G. Condit. A handsome church building 
building has been erected in the center of the 
township in connection with a neat parsonage. 

Shiloh Presbyterian Church was organized in 
1839 at the residence of Alexander Campbell, in 
Walnut Grove Township, by Rev. James Chase, 
with twenty-three members. The members be- 
ing widely scattered, no church building was 
erected, but a school-house was finally pur- 
' chased for church purposes. 

Prairie City Presbyterian Church, organized 
September 19, 1841, with twelve members, 
held its services for several years at the resi- 
dence of George Kreider, five miles northeast 
of Prairie City, being known at that time as 
the Pleasant Prairie Church. It was reorgan- 
ized October 25. 1851, and in 1855, the church 
was moved to Virgil, three and a half miles 
'Bast of Prairie City, the final removal to Prairie 



City taking place in 1856, where a frame 
church building was erected and dedicated the 
latter part of that year. This building was en- 
larged and repaired in 18C8, and now houses 
one of the most prosperous church organiza- 
tions in McDonough County. 

Doddsville Presbyterian Church had its 
origin on July 29, 1843, when Rev. William K. 
Stewart, James M. Chase and Elder Briscoe, 
acting by authority of the Schuyler Presbytery, 
held services at the house of Andrew Walker 
and proceeded to organize a church with sev- 
enteen members. The first church, built in 
■ 1851, was vacated in the 'seventies for a new 
structure. A number of prominent mission- 
aries and other ministers officiated in connec- 
tion with this church, and several notable re- 
vivals were held, adding to the church mem- 
bership, though this has been reduced from 
time to time by deaths and removals. 

About 1856 a Presbyterian Church was or- 
ganized at Bushnell. under the auspices of the 
Schuyler Presbytery, which two of three 
years later was dissolved, the members gener- 
ally uniting with the Reformed Church. In 
1868 a petition, signed by thirty persons, was 
presented to the .Warren Presbytery in ses- 
sion at Monmouth, asking the organization of 
a Presbyterian Church at Bushnell. As a re- 
sult a committee visited Bushnell, and on April 
25, 1S(!8, an organization was effected, twenty- 
one persons presenting a certificate in a body 
from the Reformed Church, and seven from 
other Presbyterian churches, making a total of 
twenty-eight members. The growth of this 
church is indicated by the fact that, in 1876, 
its membership had increased to 110, and has 
since kept pace with the growth of the city. 
A Sabbath School in connection with this 
church was organized in 1869. 

Good Hope Presbyterian Church was organ- 
ized January 30, 1869, as the result of a visit 
by a committee appointed by the Warren Pres- 
bytery in the fall of 1868. The membership at 
the time of organization amounted to eighteen, 
of whom nine were from the Shiloh Presbyte- 
rian Church, seven from the church at Macomb, 
and three from the Cumberland Presbyterian 
Church at Walnut Grove. 

Ebenezer Presbyterian Church, in Scotland 
Township, was organized in 1861, from a part 
of the Camp Creek Church, and a frame church 





First Presbyterian Church. Macomb 




Christian Church. Macomb 



St. George's Episcopal Church. Macomb 



t- 


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^HlH^'*Ktt.i ~'^^^^B 



First M. E. Church. Macomb 



HJSTORY OF McDONUUGH COUNTY. 



757 



building erected at a cost of $2,000 the same 
year, a parsonage being added in IStiO. The 
membership at the date of organization was 
forty-four, but in the next fifteen years had 
increased to about one hundred. 

CuMBKRi.AM) Fkksbyteria.ns. — The Cumber- 
land Presbyterians, now a part of the regular 
Presbyterian denomination, took a prominent 
part at an early day in church development in 
McDonough County. A flourishing congrega- 
tion existed for a time at Macomb, but this was 
disbanded for a time, but has since been re- 
organized and has a church at 515 East Jackson 
Street, with Rev. R. B. Fisher pastor. 

The Beersheba (or Argyle) congregation of 
this denomination was the first to be organ- 
ized in the county — its organization taking • 
place with a membership of nine, at the res- 
idence of John McCord, in the southwestern 
part of Emmet Township, January 13, 1834, 
Rev. P. C. Jewel officiating. This church re- 
mained at its original location until 1K54. when 
it moved to Argyle Church, in the southeastern 
part of Hire Township. 

Other churches of this denomination — some 
of which have since gone out of existence by 
consolidation with neighboring church organi- 
zations — include Sugar Creek Church, organ- 
ized at the residence of A. J. Foster early in 
1836. by Rev. William C. McKamy; Walnut 
Grove Church, organized with twelve regular 
members, April 28, 1838, by Rev. Peter Downey, 
Cyrus Haynes and Elder John McCord, under 
the auspices of the Rushville Presbytery — was 
finally removed to Good Hope; Industry 
Church, organized at the home of Thomas Ad- 
kisson. .November 3, 1843, under the name of 
"Grindstone Church," with twenty members; 
and West Prairie congregation, in Eldorado 
Township, which had one of the best rural 
church buildings in the county, erected In 
1867 at a cost of J3.300. Rev. James Russell, 
who had been a chaplain during the Civil War, 
presided over the last named church as pastor 
for a time. 

CoNUBEOATiONAi.isTs — The Congregationalists, 
whose articles of faith were similar to those of 
the Presbyterian Church, have not been nu- 
merically strong in McDonough County. The 
first church of the denomination in this vicinity 



was first organized at Virgil, Fulton County,. 
October 1, 1842, by Rev. Levi Spencer, but re- 
moved to Prairie City October 9, 1858, a sub- 
stantial church building being erected there in 
1865, at a cost of $3,000. In 1858 a church of 
this denomination was organized at Macomb, 
which had a church building for a time on Car- 
roll Street east of Randolph. 

I'.AiTi.sT CuiKcuKs. — At a later date than that 
mentioned in the opening part of this chapter,. 
a number of Baptist churches of different 
branches from those mentioned in connection 
with the pioneer church history, were organ- 
ized. One of the earliest of these was the 
Hillsborough Church, organized in 1849. and 
which erected a church building in the west- 
ern part of Blandinsville Township. 

Prairie City Baptist Church was organized 
in that city November 9, 1856, by Elder E. J. 
Lockwood, with fourteen members. Services 
were held in the school-house for a time, when 
a frame church building was erected at a cost 
of $2,000. 

The First Baptist Church of Macomb was 
organized by Rev. D. D. Gregory in 1857, with 
J. Pennington. T. Axford, J. W. Blount, M. T. 
Winslow, Mrs. Rice. Mrs. McCabe, Mrs. Sum- 
mers, and Alexander McLean as the first mem- 
bers. The congregation purchased the Macomb 
Female Seminary building, which was occupied 
for church purposes until a new edifice was 
erected in 1869. Those who have served as pas- 
tors since the organization of the church in- 
clude Revs. L. M. Whitman, J. C. Metcalf. C. 
W. Palmer. J. L. Benedict. C. B. Roberts. J. L. 
M. Young and Rev. Mr. Webb, the present 
pastor. Hon. Alexander McLean was Superin- 
tendent of the Sabbath School for some twenty 
years. The present church building is of hand- 
some design, and erected at a cost of $16,000, 
on East Carroll Street. 

Tennessee Baptist Church was organized 
February 8, 1860, by Elders Farris and Gar- 
nett. and held its services in a school-house 
tintil 1863. when a church building was erected 
costing $2,000. 

Bushnell Baptist Church was organized 
March 1, 1862, and a church building erected 
in 1867, valued at $2,700. 

Sciota Church, organized in the spring of 
1870, held meetings for a time in the Chris- 



758 



HISTORY OF Mcdonough county. 



tian Church, and in 1S71 erected a building 
of its own costing $1,950. 

Blandinsville Church was organized June 24, 
1870. by Elders Samuel Pickard and William 
Hobbs. The original twelve members were: 
J. C. Feigley, Mrs. J. R. Harmon, Edith Porter, 
Mary A. Ward, Helen Gruber, Eliza Feigley, 
Jane Ray, Eleseph Ray, Matilda Seybold, Pau- 
lina Logan, Henry Harmon and Isaac H. Bo- 
garth. 

The Second Baptist Church (colored) of Ma- 
comb was organized May 9, 1875, with eight 
original memberg. 

Bapfist churches also existed about the mid- 
dle of the last century in Emmet and Wal- 
nut Grove Townships — the former known as 
the Independent Church, organized July 4, 
1847, and the latter as Cedar Creek Church. 

Fbkk Will Baptist. — A Free Will Baptist 
Churcti was organized at Prairie City in Sep- 
tember, 1857, by Elder John B. Fast, assisted 
by Elders Shaw and Christian, with the fol- 
lowing named members: Elder J. B. Fast and 
wife, John J. Fast, Samuel Nestleroad and 
wife, William Nestleroad, William Bolin, Ada- 
line Tainter. Belchy Mary White and David 
S. Johnson. A church edifice was erected in 
lSfi6-r)7. costing $5,000. 

Maple Hill Free Will Baptist Church was or- 
ganized by Rev. T. J. Dodge with twelve mem- 
bers, and for a time held its meetings in the 
Maple Hill school-house in th« southeastern 
part of Bushnell Township. 

Umvp:bs.\list Church. — The first sermon by 
a representative of the Universalist creed was 
preached in Macomb by Rev. Mr. Gardner in 
184G, and a congregation organized by Rev. I. 
M. Westfall in 1851, with the following list of 
members: R. M. Bonham, J. W. Westfall, J. M. 
Martin, John S. Smith, Orsamus Walker, J. L. 
N. Hall, William D. Penrose, F. L. Westfall, 
D. D. Roll, Green C. Lane, H. H. Burr, John 
Q. Lane, John L. Henton and J. H. Baker. The 
congregation occupies a handsome church build- 
ing erected in 1896, on West Carroll Street. 
The present pastor is Rev. Mr. Alcott. 

Rki'ohmki) Church. — A church under this 
name was organized in Bushnell, October 19, 
1856. by a committee consisting of Rev. A. Wil- 



son and S. B. Ayers. The original members 
were Frederick Cruser, Thomas Plotts and 
wife, Aaron Sperling and D. M. Wyckoff. The 
first meetings were held in a school-house and 
later in a carpenter-shop fitted up for that 
purpose, but a frame church edifice was erected 
in 1860-61, costing $5,000, which was dedicated 
May 1, 1861. 

C'.\THOLiK Churches. — There were two Catho- 
lic Churches in McDonough County in the late 
'seventies — one located at Tennessee and the 
other at Macomb. The Tennessee Church waS 
first established at Fountain Green (known also 
as St. Simon's), about 1S39, but in 1S60 was re- 
moved to Tennessee, where a good church build- 
in,? was erected, the first pastor being Father 
Albright. 

St. Paul's Catholic Church, Macomb, was or- 
ganized in 1854 by Rev. Father O'Neill. The 
first pastor was Rev. Father John Larmer, and 
the present pastor Rev. F. G. Lentz. The Ma- 
comb Church has had a steady growth since its 
organization. 

U.\iTED Bbethbe.\ of Cheist. — This demoni- 
nation, which is distinguished by its name 
from the Moravian, or United Brethren, Church, 
but holding doctrines similar to those of the 
Methodist Episcopal Church, has had several 
organizations in McDonough County. 

The first sermon by a representative of this 
denomination was preached by Elder Josiah 
Terrell in 1846, and an organization, later 
known as the "Blandinsville Church," effected 
during the same year, with twelve original 
members. This church established the Blan- 
dinsville Seminary, which was in successful op- 
eration for a number of years, its building 
finally passing into possession of the village 
and being used for public school purposes. 

Elm Grove Church, in Hire Township, was 
organised with fifteen members in 1855, and 
erected a church building in 1866, costing 
$1,200. 

Willow Grove Church, also located in Hire 
Township, was organized in 1871 by Rev. I. 
Valentine, although preaching began in Pros- 
perity Hall, which belonged to a temperance 
organization, as early as 1867. On November 
10, 1872, a building erected at a cost of $2,000, 
in the northeastern section of Hire Township, 




MARIETTA PHELPS 




Marietta Phelps Hospital. Macomb 



HISTORY OF Mcdonough county. 



75') 



was dedicated by Bishop D. Edwards. Tlie 
original members of this church were: A. 
Brown and wife, Quincy Mainline and wife, 
■Georgiana, Emma and Lodelia Watts, James 
Fielding, Rebecca, Flora and Amanda M. Main- 
line. 

New Philadelphia Church, located in the 
eastern part ot Mound Township, was organ- 
ized in the "sixties and erected a church build- 
ing in 1868. 

Jerusalem Chapel Church was organized at 
the residence of A. Switzer, October 29. 1S()7. 
and soon afterward began the erection of a 
church building, which was dedicated Decem- 
ber 22, ISGS. 

Pleasant Gale Church was organized by Rev. 
J. Dunham, in Sciota Township, in 1868, and 
a church structure was erected which was ded- 
icated November 1. 1S74. The original mem- 
bers were: Samuel Rush and wife, William El- 
well and wife, .Mrs. B. K. Purkey and Mrs. 
Samuel McDonald. A number of revival meet- 
ings in the early history of this church con- 
tributed to tne increase of its membership. 

Center Chapel Church was organized in No- 
vember, 1875. with thirty-six members, and the 
following year a church building was erected 
in the central part of Walnut Grove Township. 
The dedication of this building took place De- 
cember 10, 1876. In connection with three 
other churches of this denomination — viz.: the 
Willow Grove, Pleasant Gale and .Jerusalem 
Churches— the Center Chapel Church owned a 
parsonage in Good Mope. 



a church was erected there called Salem's 
Church. 

Erisciii'.M, Ciiiucri. — St. George's Episcopal 
Church of Macomb was organized in 1873. The 
church building, located at 22.') East Carroll 
Street, is of unique design in the style of Eng- 
lish churches. The cost was about |12,0()(). It 
is furnished with a large organ and, altogether, 
is an attractive structure. Since the organiza- 
tion of the church there have been a number 
of different i)astors in charge, the present rector 
being the Rev. Francis M. Wilson, a learned 
and ab!i! preacher. 

In 191)6 there are twelve churches in the 
city of Macomb, representing ten different 
Christian denominations — viz.: Christian, Cum- 
berland Presbyterian, First Baptist. Second 
Baptist (colored I. First Free Methodist, First 
Methodist Episcopal, Second Methodist Epis- 
copal (colored). First Presbyterian, St. George's 
Episcopal, St. Paul's Catholic. Trinity I..utheran 
and Universalist — besides the Christian En- 
deavor Chapel and Salvation Army Head- 
quarters. 



CHAPTER XX. 



HOSPITALS. 



Ev.v\(iKi-ic.\L LiTHEBAX Cin'Rcu. — The first 
organization of this denomination in McDon- 
ough County was effected April 7, 1871, by Rev. 
•G. M. Schnurr. who located about that time at 
Bushnell. This church held its services for a 
time at .lerusaleni Cha|)el, three miles north 
of Bardolph. but finally removed to Macomb, 
where it was reorganized in .lanuary, 1875, un- 
der the name of the "Trinity Evangelical Lu- 
theran Church," taking possession there of the 
old Congregational Church. In the meantime, 
another organization was effected at Bardolph 
which continued in existence for one year, 
when it was suspended. In .July, 1872, a 
■church was organized in Chalmers Townshlj), 
five miles southwest of Macomb City, and in 
•conjunction with the Methodist denomination. 



TriK MAIlfl-.TTA fllKI.I'S HOSPITAL — SUGGESTION 

TH.\T I.Kn TO IT.S FOU.NOING IT.S EXISTENCK DUE 

TO KORESKIHT OF DR. S. C. .STBEMMKI, — IlENKKI- 
CEXT (ilFT or MRS. M.VRIETT.V PIIEl.I'S PRE.SKNT 

no.\RD OK .m.\>-.\(;er.s — sr. kr.\ncis iiosimtai. — 

SERVICE RE.NDEBED UY DR. J. B. BACON IN SECUB- 
IXG ITS ESTABLISHMENT — SI.STERS OP .ST. FRAN- 
CIS IN CUARGE OF THE Nl'BSIXG DEI'ABTMENT — 
BOARD OF ilANACEMKXT. 

The Mbs. Mabietta Phelps Hospital, situ- 
ated at No. 218 East Carroll Street, Macoml), 
was instituted under rather peculiar circuni 
stances, as related by Dr. S. C. Stremmel in 
the following terms: "On December 22, 1899. 
Mrs. Marietta Phelps fell and broke her arm 



760 



HISTORY OF McDON(JU(;H COUNTY. 



at the elbow. I was called to administer to 
her relief. The injury was of such a nature 
that I could not give her much encouragement 
as to the ultimate result. During one of my 
visits I suggested to her that she donate money 
enough to build a hospital. She treated the 
proposition as a joke, and suggested I might 
be crazy. Later, however, she considered the 
subject seriously and decided to donate $10,200, 
provided I would take the responsibility of 
building and maintaining the hospital and al- 
low her to spend the remaining days of her 
life there. On April 9, 1900, an agreement was 
drawn up to that effect and she paid me the 
$10,200. The building was immediately com- 
menced, and completed in November, 1900. I 
found, by this time, that the money which 
Mrs. Phelps donated was not nearly sufficient 
to complete and furnish the building, and dur- 
ing the ensuing three years I had to advance 
and expend the sum of $7,500 of my own money 
for additional improvements in the way of 
equipment. 

"Within a short time after the hospital 
was finished, it was fully occupied by pa- 
tients, and has been practically so ever since 
its opening to the public in the early part 
of 1905. The patients were so numerous that 
lack of rooms made it necessary to build an 
addition. The addition, which will almost 
double the capacity of the hospital, is being 
erected at my expense and under my su- 
pervision, and when completed will cost $10,000. 

"Mrs. Phelps occupied suitable rooms in the 
hospital for nearly one year, dying at the 
age of eighty-seven years. A few months be- 
foce she died I asked her if she had it to do 
over, would she give her money to build a 
hospital? She at once answered that the last 
years of her life had been the happiest of 
her existence; that she had no idea there was 
so much suffering in the world, or that so 
much could he done with her money; that she 
hoped the hospital would grow; and that others 
who had money to spare would see the im- 
portance of the work, and only wished that 
she had more means to apply in this direction. 

"Mrs. Phelps was one of the most remark- 
able women I ever became acquainted with. 
Her mental faculties were perfectly clear, and 
she was possessed of business ability far 
above the average, even to her latest exist- 
ence. A few hours before she died she in- 
quired of those in attendance if her sickness 



was unto death. She was informed that she 
had but a short time more to live. She at 
once requested that Reverend Mr. Bratton, of 
the Presbyterian church (her pastor), be in- 
vited to attend her. A short, appropriate serv- 
ice wa,s held by the pastor, at the conclusion 
of which she feelingly thanked him for his 
kindness, and within a few hours her spirit 
had gone to Him whom she had faithfully 
sei-ved during her long pilgrimage on earth." 

The original hospital was capable of accom- 
modating eighteen patients, with twelve rooms. 
The addition to the north contains nineteen 
rooms, capable of accommodating thirty pa- 
tients. The equipments of the hospital are 
of the most modern type, the patients being 
attended by twelve graduate nurses. Every 
year a number of nurses are graduated for 
this work elsewhere. 

The present faculty of the hospital is as fol- 
lows: 

Surgeon in Chief, Dr. S. C. Stremmel. 

First Assistant Surgeon, Dr. J. B. Holmes. 

Eye, Ear, Nose and Throat, Dr. Frank Rus- 
sell. 

General Medicine, Dr. H. Knappenberger. 

Diseases of Children, Dr. F. K. Westfall. 

Diseases of Skin, Dr. R. C. Sloan. 

Gynaecologist. Dr. E. R. Miner. 

General Practice, Dr. E. T. Jarvis. 

Mrs. Mercedes Marohe is in charge as Su- 
perintendent. 

St. Fr.^xcis Hospit.\l. — The St. Francis Hos- 
pital is situated at the end of South Johnson 
Street, beautifully located on rolling land. The 
building is rather unique, in that it does not 
stand according to the cardinal points of the 
compass, but at an angle of forty-five degrees 
between due north and south. By this ar- 
rangement the sun shines into the rooms of 
the patients at some time during the day, and 
a considerable portion of it, thereby insuring 
cheerful and healthful surroundings. 

The St. Francis Hospital is an institution 
which reflects great credit on Macomb and' 
one of which a much larger city might justly 
be proud. It is therefore worthy of notice. 
As early as 1901 Dr. J. B. Bacon commenced 
the work of locating a sisterhood here, and 
offered to raise $10,000 for them to be invested 
in huying the ground and constructing and 
equipping a hospital. Dr. Bacon visited and' 
communicated with all the principal sister- 



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CD 




HISTORY OF Mcdonough county. 



761 



hoods in the central and eastern parts of the 
United States; but there was much demand 
for their services and his efforts at that time 
were iinavailinp. Finally, after much corre- 
spondence and hard labor, a sisterhtK>d of St. 
FYancis was secured from Clinton, Iowa. As 
before stated. Dr. Hacon had agreed to raise 
the sum of $10,000, if they would locate at 
or near the city of Macomb, and when he 
learned that this could be accomplished, he 
at once actively ensaped in the work of rais- 
inR the promised funds. The work was con- 
tinued without delay until the sum of $2(1,000 
was added to that previously promised, so 
that the building and grounds could be se- 
cured and the same thoroughly equipped. The 
site secured commands a fine view of the sur- 
rounding country, and is so located that it 
cannot be marred by the erection of other 
buildings. 

Work was commenced on the hospital in 
the si)ring of 1902, and by the most strenuous 
efforts the building was ready for occupancy 
in May of tne following year. It was dedi- 
cated by Bishop O'Riley, of Peoria, on May 14, 
1903. and so great was the demand for ac- 
commodations that two patients were installed 
before the ceremonies had taken place. The 
hospital proved a great success from the date 
of its opening, and is now crowded to its ca- 
pacity. In the second year of the institu- 
tion the business was nearly double that of 
the first. This remarkable success is largely 
due to the fact that, from the first, the ut- 
most care was exercised in the selection of 
the medical staff. Dr. .1. B. Hacon, who Is 
the head of the hospital, had had the neces- 
sary exiierience which admirably fitted him for 
a position of this importance, having gradu- 
ated from two of the best medical colleges 
of this country and spent two years in the 
hospitals of Germany, thus adding to his al- 
ready large fund of education and experience. 
His high standing as a surgeon was empha- 
sized by his appointment as Instructor in Sur- 
gery at the .Northwestern University Medical 
School. Chicago. 

The same care shown in the selection of 
the head of the hospital was exercised in the 
choice of the heads of departments, each be- 
ing a fully qualified specialist in his line. The 
following well-known members of the profes- 
sion constitute the active faculty: 
10 



.Foseph B. Bacon. M. D., Surgeon-in-Chief ; 

Arthur R. Adams, M. D., Physician-in-Chief ; 

Arthur K. Drake, M. D., Ear, Nose and 
Throat ; 

(Mrs.) Francis L. Patrick, M. D., Diseases of 
Women: 

Benjamin D. Jenkins, M. D., Assistant Sur- 
geon : 

,Ioseph H. Davis, M. D., Assistant Physician; 

George H. Clarke. M. D., Orthopedic Sur- 
gery; 

George H. Maxfield, M. D., Mental and Nerv- 
ous Diseases; 

Iteiijamin E. LeMasters, .M. I)., Pathologist 
and Bacteriologist. 

The nurses of this institution, with a Mother 
Superior and a trained corps of nursing Sis- 
ters, add to the efficiency of the hospital, form- 
ing the usual combination of Catholic hospitals 
which is not excelled by the working force 
of any similar institution. The sisterhood, 
as is well known, serve without salary and 
devote their lives to charity and pure benefi- 
cence. 

The facts presented in this chapter furnish 
evidence that this and the surrounding com- 
munities are wonderfully blessed in having 
two institutions devoted to the amelioration 
of human suffering. No patient is refused 
admission by either of the above named in- 
stitutions by reason of poverty, or inability 
to pay for the services rendered. 



CH .AFTER .\XI. 



THE MEDICAJ> PROFESSIO.N. 

EARLY PHYSICIAN B OF M'DONOUOH COrSTY — PBIM- 
rnVE CONDITIONS AND METHODS EARLY DIS- 
EASES AND REMEDIES SOME NOTABLE MEMBERS 

OE THE PROFESSION MACOMB HOSPITALS — 

M"lM)NOr<;H COl'NTY MEDICAL .SOCIETY AND ITS 
POITNDER8 — LIST OF PHYSICIANS WITH PLACE OP 
RESIDENCE. 

McDonough County has always enjoyed a good 
reputation for the learning and ability of its 
medical department, equal to that of any other 
community of like population. This calls to 



762 



HISTORY OF Mcdonough county. 



mind some o£ the early practitioners when the 
country was virtually an uncultivated wilder- 
ness, when nearly all the early settlers had to 
pass through a period of acclimatization dur- 
ing the "fever and ague season," and when 
calomel, and bleeding and blistering were about 
the sum total of the practitioners' pharma- 
copoeia. And, wonderful to relate, this ex- 
perience had a most wonderful happy influence, 
in that the first settlers were a hardy and 
lusty class of people, as evidenced by the long, 
industrious and successful lives which they 
lived, becoming the forefathers of the present 
sturdy inhabitants. 

Old Dr. Charles Hayes was the pioneer — "our 
Dr. McClure" of the entire region — who rode all 
over the county day and night on his faithful 
steed "Jess" — administering to the aches and 
pains, fevers and other ailments of the people. 
"Cook's pills" were to him a panacea for nearly 
all the diseases of the early days of malaria 
and fevers. Dr. Hayes was at the beck and 
call of the rich and poor alike, and is still re- 
membered by the grandchildren of his numer- 
ous patients. Then Dr. J. B. Kyle, who 
followed in his footsteps, with his cheery, 
countenance and ever ready, hearty laugh, 
brought to the languid patient a new lease of 
life; and while the potions he administered 
were sometimes very unsavory, yet he inspired 
confidence on the part of his patients which 
went far toward insuring their recovery. 

These doctors occupied this field of jjractice 
some seventy years ago. and have gone to their 
reward. Dr. B. R. Westfall, a son-in-law of 
Dr. Hayes, practiced some sixty years ago, and 
was very successful, meriting the confidence of 
the community. Among the many early prac- 
titioners we mention with pleasure, Drs. Hug- 
gins, Huston, McFarland, the two Drs. Bayne. 
Dr. Hammond and Dr. Livermore. all of whom 
have passed away, to be succeeded by no less 
eminent members of this beneficent profession 
in the persons of Drs. Bacon and Stremmel, 
who are now at the head of the two most 
excellent hospitals in Macomb; but want of 
space reminds us that we cannot afford to in- 
dulge in invidious distinction among the med- 
ical profession of McDonough County of the 
present day, and we must, therefore, simply 



content ourselves with giving a list of the med- 
ical gentlemen who now have in charge the 
health and well-being of our increased popu- 
lation. 

And first, attention may fittingly be called to 
the fact that there is now a regular "Medical 
Society of McDonough County," organized in 
1866 by Drs. McDavitt, Bayne and Hammond, 
which meets annually to compare notes and 
relate their experiences for the benefit of their 
co-workers of the present day and those who 
may follow them. 

The present officers of this Society are as 
follows: 

President, Dr. S. F. Russell. 

Vice-President, Dr. A. R. Adams. 

Secretary and Treasurer, E. T. Jarvis. 

The following is a list of McDonough County 
physicians of the present day, with respective 
places of residence: 

Macomb. — Drs. Arthur R. Adams, David S. 
Adams, Joseph H. Davis, Joseph B. Bacon. .Jo- 
seph B. Holmes, E. Taylor Jarvis, Ben D. Jen- 
kins, Henry Knappenberger, Elizabeth R. 
Miner, Frances L. Patrick, S. Frank Russell, 
Samuel Russell, Ralph C. Sloan. Samuel C. 
Stremmel. F. Kemper Westfall. 

Coi.cHESTKB. — Drs. N. B. Ackley, L. S. Cop- 
Ian, V. Stookey. 

Tennessee. — Drs. J. W. Aiken. L. D. Betts. 

BiisHNELT,. — Drs. John GriflSth, William E. 
Haines, J. W. Hamilton, Ben E. LeMaster, C. 
J. Rider, John P. Roark. E. K. Westfall, C. S. 
Zeigler. 

Bardolph. — Dr. William W. Hendricks. 

Bi.ANDiNSVii.LE. — Drs. Daniel F. Beacon. Ben- 
jamin F. Duncan, William E. Grigsby. Henry 
T. Markee, Ross Huston. 

Good Hope. — Drs. William M. Hartman, Wil- 
liam W. Houston, James R. Hull. 

ScioTA. — Dr. Richard F. Marrs. 

Industbt. — Drs. John W. Hermetel. G. Darius 
Runkle. 

New PHn.ADELPHiA. — Dr. Albert Havens. 

Pbairie City. — Drs. P. E. Kirmal, William L. 
Kreider, Ernest F. Manning, A. M. Westfall. 

DoDDSviLLE. — Dr. J. A. Botts. 

Pennington'.s Point. — Dr. Carleton O. Booth, 

Adair. — Drs. P. W. Baer, A. C. Hatfield. E. E. 
Hill. 



HISTORY OF McDONOUGH COUNTY. 



7A3 



CHAPTER XXII 



INDUSTRIAL— MANUFACTURES 

M'|K)X0U0H county ACBICULTURAI. AXU ilKCHAN- 
U'AL ASSOCIATION — FIRST COUNTY FAIR IN 1855 
— HISTORY OF SUBSE(JUKNT FAIRS — STREET FAIRS 

— BUSHNEIX FAIR ASSOCIATION MANUFACT- 

l rSERS — FOUNDRIES AND OTHER METAL INDUS- 
TRIES — MARBLE AND GRANITE WORKS POTTERY 

AND CLAY MANUFACTURING ENTERPRISES 

MISCELLANEOUS. 

The McDonough County Fair was organized 
April 10, 1855, the principal movers in the 
enterprise being Thompson Chandler, Joseph 
P. Updegraff, C. M. Ray, Joseph Lownes, Wil- 
liam T. Brooking, W. J. Merritt and S. K. Ped- 
rick, with others from different sections of the 
county. The Fair was held on the smuuds 
of the McDonough College in the northeast part 
of the city. There was no high board fence to 
cut off the view from the outside, and all who 
visited the grounds were admitted on honor. 
The .Association was a success from the first ; 
so that, in its more than half a century's exist- 
ence, it never missed the annual meeting, save 
one year it was drowned out by rain and for 
eight years it had rainy seasons. Later it oc- 
cupied two other locations within the city 
Ittaits, when the demand for greater space 
became urgent, and a regular stockholders com- 
pany was organized and ground, consisting of 
some twelve acres, was purchased at the south- 
ern limits of the city at a cost of $10,000. The 
capital stock amounted to $7,500 based on an 
issue of 150 shares. On account of rainy sea- 
sons the society became indebted to the amount 
of $5,200, but the stockholders contributed one- 
half that amount, and the Association gradually 
worked itself out of debt until, of late years, 
it has always paid a good dividend. It is 
therefore entirely solvent and in excellent run- 
ning order. The premises are worth at least 
$15,000: so the stock is above par and its 
business is being managed admirably. The 
grounds, both topographically and geographical- 
ly, are admirably adapted for the pur[>ose for 
which they are useil. They are enclosed by a 
tight board fence ten feet high and surrounded 



with regular stalls for horses, cattle, hogs and 
sheep. On the north end are located the floral 
and vegetable halls, and the amphitheater is 
over one hundred feet in length, capable of 
comfortably seating two thousand spectators. 
The race-track covers one-half mile and is as 
fine as any in the State. Financially the Asso-. 
elation always has money in the treasury, and 
pays its premiums with bank regularity. Dr. 
W. O. Blaisdell was, for over twenty-iive years, 
President of the Association, taking a keen 
interest in its prosperity, and to him much is 
due for Its jjrosperous condition. The present 
officers are: George D. Tunnicliff, President; 
A. .\. Messmore, Vice-President; George Gadd, 
Treasurer: George W. Reid, Secretary; Direc- 
tors— F. R. Kyle, J. McKee, T. Dudman, F.. 
Hogan and W. H. Hainline. Macomb has held, 
two notable street fairs— those of 1904 and 1906 
—which proved especially successful. It is fit- 
ting in this connection to give a list of the 
tirst officers, since to them much is due for the 
success of the enterprise. They were: Thomp-. 
son Chandler. President; James Lownes, Wil- 
liam Brooking and S. K. Pedrick, Vice-Presi- 
dents; L. H. Waters, Corresponding Secretary; 
Joseph E. Wyne, Recording Secretary, and J. 
P. Updegraff, Treasurer. 

Btminell Fair As.sociation. — During the 
summer of 1S97, several citizens, feeling that 
a fair for the exposition of agricultural pro- 
ducts and mechanical implements could be suc- 
cessfully operated in the city of Bushnell, at 
once effected an organization under the above 
name, and proceeded to elect a boani of offi- 
cers as follows: Louis Kaiser. President; S. A. 
Epperson and George W. Solomon, Vice-Presi- 
dents; .1. K. Chandler. Treasurer; D. F. Chides- 
ter. Secretary; with S. .\. Hendee, C. C. Morse. 
D. N. Wlshart, M. L. Walker, I. Hanks and 
James .\. Gardner, Directors. Grounds were 
rented and well fitted up for the purpose, and 
the first fair was held September 23-26, 1879, 
proving a decided success. The Bushnell Fair 
has continued to be held yearly to date, with 
more or less success. J. H. Johnson, the pres- 
ent Secretary and Treasurer of the Association, 
takes a most active part in conducting its 
affairs and contributes much to Its success. 
Several street fairs have also been held, seem- 
ingly resulting in the success anticipated. 



764 



HISTORY (3F Mcrx:)NOU(;H COUNTY. 



MANUFACTURING ENTERPRISES. 

The following includes a list of the iirin- 
cipal manufacturing enterprises in .McDonough 
County: 

Metal Industries. — The foundry of A. Fisher 
& Brother was erected in 1873 on the west side 
of Randolph Street, in Macomb, just north of 
the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy Railroad. 
The main building is of brick and is 40 by 136 
feet, ground area. The machine shop is 60 by 136 
feet, and, within the past three years, large 
additions have been made to the molding 
rooms. The proprietors make a specialty of 
casting and finishing school furniture, which 
is shipped all over this continent and to South 
America. They also do a general casting and 
machine business in their line. This business 
was established by Thomas Wiley in 1856. Mr. 
A. Fisher came to McDonough County in 1868 
and became associated with Mr. Wiley in the 
business. Later Mr. Wiley retired from the 
firm and was succeeded by Fisher & Price, and 
this lasted for several years. The present busi- 
ness is owned and carried on by Archibald 
Fisher, who is conducting a prosperous and 
noted foundry. 

There was a foundry in the city of Bushnell, 
which was carried on for some years, but 
within the past few years It has ceased to 
exist. The Macomb Sheet Metal Works, at No. 
200 South Lafayette Street, conducted and 
owned by Griffin & Schell. are doing a very 
fair business. The Plumbing Works of Hender- 
son & Cox are located at 233 Lafayette Street, 
Macomb. 

Pottery and Clat Manufacturing Indus- 
tries. — Macomb Sewer Pipe Company, now 
owned by Walter S. Dickey, is the result of the 
consolidation of two incorporated companies, 
which were sold to Mr. Dickey of Kansas City. 
The first of these companies was known as the 
Macomb Tile and Sewer Pipe Company, lo- 
cated on the west side of Macomb. It had a 
capital of $50,000. with Dr. W. F. Bayne as 
President; G. W. Bailey, Secretary, and J. H. 
Cummings, Treasurer. It was chartered March 
24, 1883, and continued in business until March 
8, 1902, when the sale referred to took place. 
The other corporation was known as the Frost 
Sewer Pipe Company, situated on the east side 
of Macomb. It was organized February 16, 
1893, with Samuel Frost as President; W. H. 



Hainline, Secretary; and John Binnie, Treas- 
urer, with a capital of ?60,000. It was sold 
first to the Illinois Manufacturing Company, 
but subsequently transferred to the Macomb 
Sewer Pipe Company, of which it became a 
part November 30, 1904. These factories have 
been added to each year until their capacity 
has been more than doubled, and they are now 
in a most prosperous condition. They em- 
ploy nearly two hundred men, and obtain ma- 
terial from their own clay beds, which are 
reached by a private railway to the mines, over 
two miles in length. They also operate their 
own coal shafts at Colchester. The company 
is up-to-date in every necessary equipment. 

The Macomb branch of the Western Stone 
Ware and Pottery Company is the result of the 
absorption, on April IS. 1906, of the Macomb 
Pottery and the Macomb Stone Ware Compa- 
nies. The headquarters of the company are 
located at Monmouth, 111., with the following 
list of officers: W. D. Brereton, Monmouth, 
President; A. D. Philpot, Chicago, Secretary; 
George E. Patton, Monmouth, Treasurer. The 
different factories of the company are located 
as follows: Nos. 1 and 2 at Monmouth; Nos. 
3 and 4 at Macomb; No. 5 at Whitehall, 111.; 
No. 6 at Clinton, Mo.; and No. 7 at Ft. Dodge, 
Iowa. A. Q. Myers is superintendent in charge 
of Nos. 3 and 4 at Macomb. The capacity of 
the seven shops is about 5.000 car loads per 
annum. The company, as a whole, represents 
the largest stoneware manufacturing industry 
in the United States. 

The Buckeye Pottery Company of Macomb is 
situated on the east side of Macomb, No. 405 
West Carroll Street. The officers are: W. J. 
Pech, President; and L. S. Pech, Secretary and 
Treasurer. This factory has been in existence 
over twenty years, the plant having been first 
built by the father of President W, J. Pech, and 
it has remained in the hands of the Pech family 
ever since. It has been successful from the 
first, and continues to do a large business. 

The Conduit Manufactory and the Russell 
Clay Works are located at the comer of Pierce 
and College Streets, the owner being S. Russell. 
This is a new establishment erected for the 
manufacture of conduits to be used for elec- 
trical purposes. 

The Macomb Cement Building Block Factory, 
owned by D. C. Pennywitt, is situated at 302 
West Carroll Street. 



HISTORY OF Mcdonough county. 



7(^S 



Mabui.k ani> Gramtk Works. — Thomas D. 
Kirk is the proprietor of the Macomb Marble 
and Granite Works, located at 210 North Lafay- 
ette Street. It furnishes all kinds of monu- 
mental work manufactured according to origi- 
nal designs from Montelo. Berlin, Vermont, 
Quincy. Missouri and Minnesota red and gray 
granites. The workmanship is equal to that 
of any marble works in the country, and Mr. 
Kirk has a growing business. 

,1. D. Van Fossen & Son. tombstone and mon- 
ument manufacturers, of marble and all kinds 
of granite, are located at Xo. 21.5 East Jackson 
Street. 

MiscKi.i.ANKots iNniisTRtES. — The Bushnell 
Tank Works, at Bushnell, has a paid-up capital 
of $7.').<lii(i. The officers are: W. .1. Vertrees. 
President and Treasurer: C. R. Vertrees, Vice- 
President: L. M. Vertrees. Secretary. This 
concern has been in operation for four years, 
and has proved a success. W. J. Vertrees is an 
energetic business man, and. in connection with 
his sons, the business has grown in a remark- 
■able degree. 

The Bushnell Pump Company, at Bushnell, 
has been in existence over a quarter of a cen- 
tury. P. H. Wheeler is President, and Wilson 
West Secretary. 

CvNDY Factoriks. — Two candy factories, those 
of Walter W. Gaites and A. .J. Laughlin & Co.. 
contribute to the enjoyment of the younger 
generation by the manufacture of ice cream and 
randies, both establishments being located on 
the east side of the City Park, and carrying 
on a successful business. 



CH.XPTER .Will. 



HOTEL HISTORY. 



MA<-|>Mll'.-i IIISTOKIC TIOTKI. SITK OK TIIK KIR.sr 

I'IRK — KMI.IRK (IK MACOMh's KIR.ST KANK — TllK 
HI n RA.MMM.fll IIor.SK AM> ITS liril.llKR — niSTIN- 
(I'lMllKI) MKN WHO WKRK ITS CI'KSTS — A MKMOR- 
xni.K 1-ONKKRKNCK WIIH AIIKAIIVM I.I.NCOI.N 



TAKING OK A LI.NCOI..N l-ORTRAIT — RK.M INISCK.NOK.S 
OF A RKITULICAN RALLY I.N 1.S.5S — OTIIKB NOTIOK 

NISITORS I.A.ST SLAVKS IN .M '|X).N()1(;II COII.NTY 

SIIICI.TKKKII TIIKRK EARLY AM) LATKB HAY IIO.S- 

rKLKIKS — A rKlMlTlVK TAVKR.N — SC'ALK OK I'RICKS 

KOlt MKAI.S. I.KjroUS, KTC. .M IN IsrER.S IN 

rilK I IIJIOK rHADK IIOTKI. I'llANDI.KR AM) 

TIIK WILLIAMS not SE, OK MACOMIl IIHSII NELL, 

IILANDINSVII.LE, I'H.MKIE CITY, .SlIOTA, C'OU'llKS- 
TEK. TENNESSEE. INIHSTKV AM) IIAKDOLI'II 
HOTELS. 

The following sketch of the historic Randoliiii 
House, erected in Macomb in 1856-57, as copied 
from the "Macomb Journal" of 190.'i, and 
written by the Hon. Alexander McLean, will, no 
doubt, have an interest for many readers of this 
volume. During the fifty years of its history, 
covering the period of early Rei)ublican cam- 
liaigns and the Civil War. it was the temporary 
resting place of Abraham Lincoln. Senator 
Trumbull, Governors Yates, Oglesby and Pal 
iner, and many other distinguished citizens of 
this and other States. Its builder and owner, 
Hon. William H. Randoli)h. was a patriotic citi- 
zen who lost his life while in the discharge 
of his duty as Provost Marshal for the McDon- 
ough district during the war period. 

The Rani)oi.i-h Hoise. — "This noted hotel, sit- 
uated on the east side of the public square, was 
for many years recognized as one of the best 
hostelries in the Military Tract. Part of the 
lot on which it is erected had previously been 
occupied by the office of Dr. Charles Hayes, 
one of the oldest and best known citizens of 
this county. The site of the office is where 
the two-story building owned by E. A. Lane 
now stands. Dr. Hayes erected a twostory 
frame building on the corner, which was occu- 
pied by J. W. Wyne as a general dry-goods 
store, and remained as such until a few years 
ago, when the present brick buibling was erect- 
ed. The remaining part of said lot was occu- 
pied by Hector McLean as a tombstone, grind- 
stone and general stonecutters' yard, for two 
years. In 1S52 a two-story buildini^ was erected 
on the southeast corner (on the alley), and oc- 
cupied as a general dry-gtxjds store. 

"The Fiitsi- Fire. — The first firm occupying 
the same was that of Chambers & Randolph, 
subsequently occupied by the firm of Updegraff, 
Pearson & Cummings. Mr. I'pdegralT retiring, 
the firm was Pearson, Cummings & Mcintosh, 
"While occupied by this firm, the most de- 



7f>6 



lllSTURV (JF McDON(;L'(;1I corxTY 



struct ive fire which ever visited Macx^>mb oc- 
curred' All our merchants in the early 'fifties 
bought the entire product of our farmers — 
hogs, curing and packing same during the win- 
ter ready to ship on opening of navigation to 
St. Louis. All commercial transactions were con- 
summated. The lower rear part of the building 
was filled with hams, bacon and lard. The fire 
is s\ipposed to have originated by overflow of 
lard from frying kettles. The bucket brigade 
did heroic service. Men, women and children 
formed lines from all wells in the vicinity. 
When the fire was at its height it was an- 
nounced that there was a large quantity of pow- 
der in the premises. This was true, but .1. H. 
Pearson, at risk of life, knowing where the 
dangerous com|)ound was, ran in and brought 
whole kegs and one halt-keg out amidst show- 
ers of firebrands and took them to a place of 
safety. 

Many comical scenes occurred, fires being un- 
usual. The peculiar idiosyncracies of many 
were developed. One aged man brought down 
from the second floor an armful of log chains 
and deposited them carefully out of harm's 
way, then rushed in again and getting a lot of 
scythe blades, threw them out of the window 
on the heads of the helpers. Another, 'equally 
as diligent, picked up whole packages of plates, 
saucers and other queensware and threw them 
out on the pavement. But after superhuman 
efforts the fire was ultimately extinguished. 
The citizens generally iierformed their whole 
duty, the women jiarticularly helping in pass- 
ing the buckets and pumping at the wells, and 
thus the fire company covered themselves with 
glory. 

"F[ii.sT n\NK F.Mi.i rti:. — After the fire above 
referred to, the second story of the building 
was changed to make a banking house, which 
was the first bank in McDonough County. In 
18,54 Mr. Randolph, in company with .Joseph M. 
Parkinson, Joseph W. Blount and M. T. War- 
slow, formed the first banking company and. 
■with a few changes in the firm, continued in 
business until the fall of 185S, when it, with 
hundreds of other banks all over the country, 
had to go into liquidation. So ended the bank 
in this building. This was a year of great finan- 
cial distress and of wildcat banking in the 
country. 



■ "The members <if the above-named bank had 
been for some years engaged in the real-estate 
business, finally selling out their interest in 
the same November 3, 1850, to the firm of .Mc- 
Lean, Randolph & Co., who continued in b.isi- 
ness until IStiO, when the firm was dissolved. 
Many of our earliest nierchants occupied the 
corner store, it being the best in the village. 
We recall some in addition to above named: 
T. H. II. Maury, (Captain Lipe, A. Habcock, Uan 
Shumate, Alex and William Brooking, none of 
whom are in. business today, and but few alive, 

"Bi ii.DiNC OK riiK HoTKL. — In lS5(i-57 Mr. Ran- 
dolijh decided to build a hotel, which was com- 
I)leted in lS!i7, as represented In the accom- 
lianying illustration. It was then one of the 
best houses on the line of the Chicago. Burling- 
ton & Quincy Railroad from Quincy to Chicago, 
was finished and furnished in the best style of 
that date and rented to D. C. Flint, a gentle- 
man of means from the State of New York. The 
opening day was memorable from the fact that 
the 'bus team, on its first trip to the depot, hav- 
ing entered into the spirit of hilarity of the 
occasion, left without the driver's consent and 
came near making a pile of kindling of the first 
and finest 'bus in the city. .Mr. Flint ke|)t an 
excellent caravansary, but, becoming imbued 
W'ith. the desire to own some of the fine prairie 
land on the east side of the county, retired 
frorii the house to the farm in ISBS. Mr. Ran- 
dolph then took charge and continued as the 
landlord for several years. This house has been 
operated by quite a number of tenants during 
the passing years of its history, notably ,Iacob 
Randolph, A. C. Brooking and Mr. Miller. It 
may be well to state that the house had many 
boarders who were well known persons in this 
community. We recall .Jerry Raskins. .Joseph 
Durr, who boarded there from its opening, and 
Dr. W. O. Blaisdell. who, for over thirty years, 
was a steady guest of that hospitable hotel. 

"Lincoln's Visit. — The hotel has a political 
history connected with events before and dur- 
ing the war. Many of the leading politicians of 
this and other States were temporary guests. 
.Abe Lincoln was a guest on two occasions. In 
September. IS.'iS. Mr. Lincoln, with Medill, 
Bross and Scripps, had been at a iiublic meet- 
ing in Au.giista, In the afternoon they came to 
Macomb and met a large number of our citizens. 
Before bedtime these gentlemen had a private 




Randolph House, Macomb 




Hotel Chandler, Macomb 



HISTORY t)F McDONOUGH COUNTY. 



767 



ineetinK in the hotel, at which were formulated 
certain questions to be propounded to Senator 
Douglas at the next joint debate. During the 
discussion as to what should be agreed upon, 
it was thought by some that the celebrated 
quotation made b.v Mr. Lincoln, that "a house 
divided against itself cannot stand,' etc., and 
his application of this sentiment to the coun- 
tr.v. was inii)olitic and should not be pressed. 
After reflection Mr. Lincoln asked if it were 
not true. He was answered. 'Yes,' but not po- 
litic, as it was being used to his injury by Doug- 
las and his friends, and would hazard his (Lin- 
coln's) election as United States Senator. Abe 
answered, if ne should be beaten for the Sena- 
torship on that truth. Douglas would be defeat- 
ed as a candidate for President in the future — 
and Lincoln's judgment was acquiesced in. The 
future demonstrated that he was correct. The 
next morning after this meeting, Mr. Lincoln 
was out on the porch of the hotel when Mr. 
McGee. then of Carthage, proposed that Mr. 
Lincoln should have his ambrotype taken, 
which, after parley, he agreed to and went 
across the street to a gallery owned by 'Paint' 
Pearson, a brother of Hon. I. N. Pearson. A 
good likeness was taken and the last known 
of the ambrotype it was in the relic room of the 
I.,incoln monument in Springfield. 111., with a 
history of the circumstances under which it 
was taken pasted on the back of the i)late. 

"Mr. IJncoln was again in Macomb and ad- 
dressed the citizens of this county in Septem- 
ber. 185S. It was the largest political meeting 
ever held in this county up to that date, and, 
although it rained heavily nearly all day, the 
people represented by delegations from all 
parts of the county, with bands and banners, 
with whole wagonloads of young ladies repre- 
senting the various States, together with an es- 
cort of ladies and gentlemen on horseback un- 
der the marshalship of Dr. T. M. Jordan, were 
present One wagon, driven by John D. Main- 
line, had a flag with the motto: "Clay Whigs 
for TJncoln.' This was in the lead of the dele- 
gation from Blandlnsvllle, Mr. IJncoln being in 
the carriage of S. .1. Hopper, who drove him 
from that town, where he had spoken the even- 
ing before. The enthusiasm was simply at 
fever heat, and Mr. Lincoln delivered one of his 
characteristic addresses, which was heartily 
endorsed by his sympathetic audience. 

"Other Noted Vtsitobs. — During the cam- 



paign of 1860, Hon. Tom Corwin, of Ohio, Sena- 
tor Trumbull, Governor Palmer, Dick Oglosby, 
Dick Yates, and many others took part in the 
campaign in this county, ail making their head- 
quarters at the Randolph Hotel. From the bal- 
cony in front each had addressed our citizens 
at different times, until it seemed to become a 
sacred forum. 

"TiiK L.vsT Si.AVKS. — During the war many 
soldiers who enlisted in various regiments were 
bountifully entertained at the Randolph House, 
as it was deemed the headquarters of loyalty 
to the Government. An incident not without in- 
terest occurred at the hotel on the night of 
December 31, 1862. It will be remembered that 
President Lincoln's proclamation of freedom 
to slaves was to take effect at 12 o'cl<x;k mid- 
night of that day. On the arrival of the train 
from Quincy in the evening, two colored men 
were taken off the train by a white resident of 
this county, detaining them for the purpose of 
returning them to their masters. Mr. J. O. Lane 
the City .Marshal, a man of pluck and nerve, 
accosted the negroes and asked what they were 
doing there. They answered that they were 
going to Galesburg. but that that man, pointing 
out the person, had taken their passes and com- 
pelled them to get off the train. Mr. Lane told 
them to get into the 'bus and go with him. 
They were taken to the Randolph Hotel and the 
circumstances detailed to the landlord. .Mr. 
Randolph decided these negroes should be p\it 
in a certain room, there to remain until 12 
o'clock midnight, when the proclamation would 
go into effect. This was done in spite of the 
railing and fury of the person who had taken 
their passes, but neither threats nor cussing 
could change the minds of the parties in charge. 
At 12 o'clock — and a few minutes after for 
good measure and certainty — the colored men 
went out free men, with none to molest or 
make them afraid. These were the last slaves 
in McDonough County, III. 

"The hotel front was changed to what it is 
now some years ago. The columns were re- 
moved and a store took the place of the lower 
floor. There are but few important public 
events of the past flfty years that have not 
been connected, directly or indirectly, with the 
hostelry. Other hotels arose and fell, but the 
old Randolph House still braves the battle and 
the breeze, and is still owned by Mrs. Ran- 
dolph, the widow of Mr. Randolph, by whose 



768 



HISTORY OK Mcdonough county. 



name the hotel is known far and wide in this 
section of the country. " 

SoMK Early axd Latkb Day Hotkl Histoby. — 
On April 12, 1S31, the Board of County Com- 
missioners granted to John Baker a license to 
keep a tavern on payment of a fee of six dol- 
lars and fifty cents, together with the Clerk's 
fees for issuing the license. The Board also 
adopted, at the same meeting, a scale of prices 
to govern inn-keepers, as follows: 
For each meal of victuals the sum of . . . .$0.2-5 

For each night's lodging. . . ., VZVs 

For each horse-feed per night 25 

For each horse-feed 12% 

For each pint of whisky 12% 

For each half pint of French brandy 25 

For each half-i)int of Holland gin or wine .25 
For each half-pint of peach brandy 18% 

This was the first inn or tavern opened in 
McDonough County, and it may seem a little 
strange to the inhabitants of to-day that Mr. 
Baker, to whom this license was granted, was 
a Baptist preacher, but such was the fact. He 
figured in the county for several years as a 
minister of the Gospel and a retailer of spirit 
uous liquors. A few days after he obtained 
the license he formed a partnership with Sam- 
uel Bogart, a Methodist preacher, and, under 
the firm name of Bogart, Baker & Co., they en- 
gaged in the sale of dry-goods, groceries, 
whisky, tobacco, etc. The tavern was situated 
on the northeast corner of the public square. 
During the year 1.S31 the Board of Commis- 
sioners granted four licenses to parties to keep 
tavern. Evidently there was a general de- 
mand for soft groceries, for years afterward the 
general stores always kept on tap spirituous 
liquors, and it was not considered other than 
regular business. 

The next hotel was built on the southeast 
corner of Jackson Street fronting the public 
square. This was kept by Judge James Clark. 
It was a log structure, but subsequently a 
handsome (for that day) two-story brick build- 
ing was erected, which became the principal 
hotel of the county, and was the resort of the 
l)ar at home and from abroad. While Stephen 
A. Douglas was doing duty as a Circuit Judge 
he, together with the prominent lawyers of 
that day from Quincy, Carthage, Mount Sterling 
and neighboring county seats, always occupied 
snug quarters in this hostelry. It also became 



the headquarters for politicians and future 
statesmen. The hotel was known as Clark's 
tavern. Subsequently the building changed 
hands and was known at different times as the 
Brooking, Brown's and St. Elmo Hotels. The 
building was finally taken down to give place 
for what are now store buildings and offices. 

There have been several hotels erected since , 
that period, notably the Randolph Hotel on the 
southeast corner of the Square, which was 
built in 1855-56 and which still continues to be 
occupied. (See more extended history of the 
"Randolph House" in the first part of this 
chapter.) 

The Williams House (now the Elwood Hotel) 
situated near the depot, was erected by Rich- 
ard Williams. He opened a hotel in the old 
jail building on the southwest corner of the 
City Park, named it Park Hotel, and subse- 
quently erected the building now known as El- 
wood Hotel, just mentioned. 

The principal hotel was erected some few 
years ago by Hon. C. V. Chandler on the north- 
west corner of City Park, and which is now 
known as Hotel Chandler. It is an up-to-date 
house, internally and externally, and much 
patronized by the visiting public. Mr. Chandler 
furnished the house and appointed A. H. Mc- 
Veigh manager, who continued in charge until 
June. 1905, when the present proprietor. J. M. 
Pace, purchased the furniture and still occu- 
pies the building. He is considered a most 
excellent landlord. 

BcsiiNKi.i. Hotels. — The erection of the first 
hotel building in Hushnell was commenced in 
1855 by John Crafford, but before its comple- 
tion it was purchased by John D. Hail, one of 
the original proprietors of the town. Mr. Hail 
at once completed the building and the house 
was conducted by him for several years. Later 
it passed through the hands of several owners, 
the last to occupy it as a hotel being S. S. 
Bradfield, who occupied it for many years. We 
believe it is now a lodging house. It was 
known as the Bushnell House. 

The leading hotel of the city was a three- 
story brick building erected by S. A. Hendee 
in the summer of 1870. and named the Hendee 
House. .-Xfter passing through several hands 
it is now kept by Tudor Alexander as the Alex- 
ander House. It is an excellent house, well 
kept and generally well patronized. 

There was also a two-story frame house in 



HISTORY OF MtUOXOL'C.H COUNTY. 



76) 



Bushnell known as the "Hess Hotel," situated 
on one of the parks of that city, but it was more 
of a lx>ardinK house than a public hotel. 

Mi.ANDiN.svii.i.K H0TKI..S. — The Hardin Hotel 
was the first regular hotel of Hlandinsville. It 
was owned by Victor Hardin and continued to 
be occupied by him for many years, but has 
now ceased to exist. 

The Central Hotel, situated on .Main Street in 
Hlandinsville. was occupied at different times 
by K. L. Sap|) and a niiml)er of other |)roprie- 
tors. It is still used as a house of puljlic en- 
tertainment. 

The Edel House, built in 1S.5S. a two-story 
brick structure, is situated opposite the public 
park. Mr. Charles Ballou owns the buildins 
and. for some years, was its landlord. It is 
still occupied for hotel jjurposes. and has a 
goorl list of patrons. 

The Cozad Hotel is a two-story brick under 
the management of Mr. Cozad as landlord. This 
is a neat. cozy, well-kept house and is well 
patronized. 

PimiiiK City Hotki.s. — .\ hotel was erected 
by Wesley Cope in 1S.S6. and occupied by J. C. 
Canfield. This was discontinued many years 
ago and is now a private dwelling. 

The first hotel in Prairie City was built by 
Ezra Cadwallader in ]8.')4-55. and known as the 
McDonough House. On the 14th day of No- 
vember. IS'n. it was burned, and Mr. Cad- 
wallader built another near the depot in 1S57. 
which was known as the Eagle House. It was 
sold in November. IS.iS. and was named the 
Central House. It has ceased to be used as a 
hotel, and has become a private dwelling. At 
this writing we understand there is no regular 
hotel in Prairie City. 

SiioTA HoTKL.s. — The first hotel in Sciota was 
opened by .lohn .Jrmes in ISTl. and was known 
as the Sciota House. It has been discontinued 
and a small i)rivate hotel is now in existence. 

Good Hope has a good twostory frame hotel. 
a large majority of its patrons being boarders. 

Coi,cnK.sTKii HoTici.s. — The first hotel in Col- 
chester was erected by .lohn Taylor in the win- 
ter of l.S55-5fi and named the Chester House. 
Previous to its enclosure he disposed of it to 
.lohn Stults. who completed it in 1S5S. .1. C. 
H<)t)ert became its landlord and conducted it 
until 1SS2. when William .Miller t(X)k charge of 
it. In June. 1883. the present landlord. J. W. 
Ennis. came into possession. 



The irnion House was built in 1S69 by Henry 
Slocum, who occupied it for some time, fol- 
lowed by several other parties until A|)ril 15, 
1S77. when .1. D. Trew became the proprietor 
and continues to carry on the business. 

Tkn.\ks!skk Ho.stklkik.s. — The first hotel in 
Tennessee was kept in a buildin.g which was 
moved from the neighborhood of the McDon- 
ough saw-mill, three miles west of the village, 
in .lanuary. 1S57. by Leo and .lohn McDonough. 
They sold it to I... Underbill, who occupied it 
lor a few months, when he sold it to John Low- 
(lerman. after which it ceased to be occu[)ied 
for hotel puriwses. About a year afterward Ed- 
ward N. Driscoll erected the Liberty House, a 
twcvstory frame building. It was afterward 
owned by H. C. Potts. Thomas Cyrus. John Low- 
derman. D. R. Waddill and Mrs. .Margaret Dull. 
The latter still occupies the building as a hotel. 

iMu .sricY HoTKi.. — Caleb Hathaway and Mr. 
Pennington occupied the hotel here for some 
years. The present hotel is a neat two-story 
building. It is well kept and well patronized. 

Hvituor.i'ii. — The first hotel was built here in 
1S.5S. about the time the town was laid out. 
It was known as the Bardolph Hotel, and was 
occupied successively by .Mrs. N. H. Jackson. 
William Wilson. William E. Hendricks and 
others. This building was burned, and since 
then a new hotel for lodgers and boarders has 
been erected. 

The hotels of McDonough County compare 
very favorably with those of the rural districts 
in any other i)nrtion of the State of Illinois. 



CH.M'IKR \XI\ 



POLITICAL CAMPAIGNS AND POETRY. 



rOI.niC.M. (AMI'.VK^N.S OK KIKTY YKAIIS AciO KIKST 

IlKIMIU.irAX CAMI'AICN KOH I'KKSlnKNT FRK- 

MONT THIRD IN THE LIST IN m'bONOUC.II COUNTY 

— homk local ixcidext.s ok that oami'aifin — 
i.incoln-nouolas denate of 185,8 — the "rail- 
si'I.itter's campakin" ok 1860 — women i'arad- 

ERS. RRA.SS BAXnS ANn CLEE CLrB.S CAMPAION 

soNr.s OF 1860. '44 AND "48. 

The following sketch, giving a brief account 
of the political movements of the past fifty 



770 



HISTORY OF McD<3X()U(;H a3UNTY. 



years in which McDonough County tool< an 
active part, may be of interest to those who 
were actors in the old campaigns, as well as to 
the youth of the present and the politicians 
of the future. As the campaign songs of the 
earlier times may have been forgotten, or be- 
come dim even in the memory of those who 
once sang the catchy words and melodious 
airs, they are reproduced as reminders of other 
days. It will be noted for the benefit of later 
generations that they were especially personal 
and suited for outdoor crowds. 

First Republican Vote ior President. — The 
Whig party went out of existence as the re- 
sult of its defeat at the general election of 
1852, with Winfield Scott as its candidate for 
President. With the formation of the Repub- 
lican party In 1856, General John C. Fremont 
was placed at the head of the new party ticket, 
which was opposed by the Democrats and the 
American party — the latter being composed 
largely of former Whigs who still clung to the 
old organization. It was a campaign of stren- 
uosity and uncertainty, but when the vote 
was finally counted in McDonough County, it 
was found that James Buchanan, the Demo- 
cratic candidate for President, had received 
1,370 votes, Millard Fillmore, the standard- 
bearer of the American party, 864, and Fremont 
only 590. Before the next national election in 
1860, however, the American party had been 
absorbed by the two other opposing parties — 
in this region chiefly by the Republicans — and 
it was evident in McDonough County, as well 
as all over the North, that the new party was 
a vigorous youngster and had come to stay. 

In this canvass of 1856. Dr. James B. Kyle, 
of Macomb, was the candidate on the American 
ticket tor Congress against I. N. Morris, Dem- 
ocrat, for long term; Jackson Grimshaw, Re- 
publican, long term; J. C. Davis. Democrat, 
for short term, and Thomas C. Sharp. Repub- 
lican, for short term. As against Morris, Dem- 
ocrat, Grimshaw, Republican, carried the coun- 
ty by a plurality of twenty-nine. 

Trouble With a Republican Pole. — During 
the Fremont contest, the Republicans erected a 
magnificent pole on which floated the American 
flag with the name of the party's standard- 
bearer. Captain George Ayers and Captain 
Rowe, old sailors, took the matter in charge, 



which of course insured a mast of fine pro- 
portions, being not only ornamental but useful 
in promulgating the tenets of the party. It 
stood majestically for some time, but in an 
evil hour some one who loved not the party, 
with a large augur perforated and let daylight 
throught the pole, and of course it had to be 
replaced, which was done heartily and cheer-, 
fully, taking the precaution to put a whole 
keg of tenpenny nails in the stem sufficiently 
high to put it beyond the reach of the boys. 
And so it continued throughout the campaign. 
An incident in connection with this Re- 
publican pole may not be out of place, as it 
in a manner showed the feeling engendered 
and the spirit of those warm times. One morn- 
ing early the custodian of the flag and ])ole 
(whose duty it was to raise the flag in the 
morning and taKe it down at sundown), as was 
his custom, looked to see if the pole was in 
good condition, remembering what had oc- 
curred. Something strange seemed to be hang- 
ing above the cross-trees, and, looking all 
around the Square, no one in sight, the cus- 
todian at once repaired to the pole and there 
found the halyards had been severed and an 
effigy of Horace Greeley, hat and coat, with a 
copy of the "New York Tribune" in the pocket, 
was attached to one end of the rope and run 
up as tar as possible. The custodian at once 
began the serious climb to reach the stuffed 
man and found much difficulty in reaching the 
goal. But that had to be taken down at once 
and was accomplished, and old Horace was 
carefully put away in the coal house for fu- 
ture reference. A few days afterward the ef- 
figy was found sitting on top of the court 
house cupola, on the south side thereof, which 
was rather significant, as jwlitics divided the 
court house, from the fact that the north half 
of the building was occupied by Republican 
and the south half by Democratic officers. It 
proved to be one of the jokes of the campaign. 
It was ordered to be taken down by the County 
Board, but a piece of the pole to which the 
image was attached can still be seen in one 
of the old prints of the old court house. Dur- 
ing the succeeding six years the Republicans 
were busy organizing and literature profusely 
circulated. 

Lincoln-Douglas Debate. — In 1858 the cele- 
brated joint debate of Lincoln and Douglas 




^^k)y^ (f/Huc/^^^^u^ 



HISTORY OF Mcdonough colwty. 



T7^ 



occurred, each aspiring to the United States 
Senate. This proved lo be ihe most exoitinK 
and heated eanipaif;n since 1S4(I. the principal 
issue being on the Kansas-Nebraska bill, which 
involved the question of slavery north of the 
Mason and Dixon line, details of which need 
not be entered into in this article. SuflBce it 
to say that the joint discussion enlightened 
the people to the needs of careful legislation, 
and while Lincoln did not succeed in the Sen- 
atorial race, yet he had, with other leaders of 
the party, so enlivened the general public with 
the principles of freedom that, by the time the 
greatest of all political campaigns, that of 
1S60, had arrived, the people were ready, edu- 
cated and anxious to be heard through the 
ballot-box. 

TnK R.Mi.-SiM.nrKKS C.\mi'.\u;n ok 'GO. — Early 
in ISfid, in every precinct and city, clubs were 
organized. This continued up to the Repub- 
lican National convention, which met in June 
in the wigwam specially erected for that pur- 
pose in Chicago, which was the first National 
convention ever held in that enterprising city. 
To be brief, Lincoln was declared the nomi- 
nee and standard-bearer. When it became 
known that Honest Old Abe was the nominee, 
it was impossible to describe the gratification 
and joy of the Ulinoisans. Fence rails at once 
went up in price, and in fire; old. sedate law- 
yers, doctors, legislators and statesmen, and 
even the preachers, were pleased to carry a 
rail. It was called the rail-splitter's and fiat- 
boatman's campaign. .Many rails were found, 
as per statement of some enthusiasts, made 
by Old .'Vbe, and if he made all that were car- 
ried in processions at public demonstrations 
throughout the country, he must have been a 
giant and worked every day in the year, Sun- 
days not excepted. It i)leased the people, how- 
ever, and created a perfect hurricane of en- 
thusiasm. 

Prkttv AVomk.v. Brass B.\m>s ksw Gi.ek 
Cn-Bs. — Clubs were organized in every voting 
precinct in this county. Many did but little 
business during the five months of the cam- 
paign. Kverywhere throughout the country 
clubs of young ladies were always present at 
the numerous political meetings in wagons, 
specially constructed, containing the beauties 
of the neighborhood dressed in white, one rep- 
resenting each State, while one of them was 



dressed in black for bleeding Kansas. This 
form of display took like wildfire all 
over the country, and no meeting of 
importance was held but had such rep- 
resentatives. These are now grandmothers, 
and we confidently assert that, when they were 
engaged in campaigning in this manner, they 
were not only good Republicans, but were good- 
looking, handsome young women; and the old 
grandfathers of today will assert, by solemn 
oath, that they were as handsome as the aver- 
age young woman of today. 

A Republican brass band was organized and 
instruments furnished by the generous citi- 
zens. This band was composed of young, ac- 
tive, zealous voters, and was present at every 
public meeting or rally in this congressional 
district. A splendid band wagon, with "Hill" 
Waters as driver, would haul the band from 
place to place day and night. They went 
around with Senator Trumbull and others for 
several days. They also organized a glee club 
among themselves, and did valiant service for 
the ticket. They made a trip from Blandins- 
ville in the afternoon, and left for Rushville, 
traveling at night, arriving there at the close 
of a Democratic rally. The Hickorys were 
still around with torches. Mistaking the Ma- 
comb band for the Maconob Democratic band, 
they were prepared to act ugly, but happily 
the leading citizens stopped the trouble. The 
band serenaded many of the citizens and had 
a good time until early morning. The next 
day the meeting was addressed by Dick Yates 
and Owen Ix)vejoy. and a grand meeting it was. 
Some of the songs of the glee club were of 
the humorous kind, which sometimes led to 
small fights and some interruption, notably at 
Hushnell. where the song did not reflect great 
credit on the adversary, but the speaker held 
np until the fracas was happily ended. The 
participants are now old men. but have no 
reason to be ashamed of the part they took 
in that great campaign. 

The band consisted of f^red Hoffman, k. 
Hunt. Steve Heardsley, A. McLean, Reub Wel- 
ker, 1. N. Pearson, James Anderson and others 
whose names are forgotten. Newt Pearson 
beat the bass drum, and K. Hunt, Steve Heards- 
ley and .A. -McLean were members of the band. 

HKAi>-CtMMiN<:s CoNTKST. — On the night of 
the election in 1860. when news was received 
of the sticcess of the ticket, there was a pan- 



772 



HISTORY OF Mcdonough county. 



demonium of joy all night long and next day 
and night. J. B. Cunimings was candidate for 
Circuit Clerk. W. T. Head being the Demo- 
.cratic candidate. When it became known that 
Cunimings was elected, the rejoicing was un- 
alloyed. Mr. Cummings received a majority 
of eleven votes. The incumbent refused to 
turn over the office to Mr. Cummings, and 
the contest was made before the Supreme 
Court, which decided in favor of Mr. Cum- 
mings. This ended the campaign of 1860. 

Othkr Unfoktunate Fi.ac Poles. — A magnifi- 
cent flag pole was erected during this cam 
paign on the southeast corner of the court 
house yard. A terrific electrical storm struck 
the pole, tearing the upper portion to slivers. 
One of the pole guys was attached to a hitching 
post to which a team of horses was tied. 

■The lightning ran down the guy. from there to 
the halter straps and killed the horses instant- 
ly. The pole was soon repaired and stood for 

. some years after the campaign. 

In 1872 a Republican pole was erected on 
the northeast corner of the court house lot. 
It was a beauty and was just finished a few 
hours when a northwest storm laid it low, 
leaving a stump about twenty feet in height. 

■This was the last pole raising. This stump, 
however, remained for years and at every 
victory of the Rei)ublican party was decorated 
with flags and brof)ms, testifying to the faith 
and confidence of the Republicans in the jus- 
tice of their cause. 

TiutEE Cami'Aic-N So.^•l.^s.— Two are written in 
honor of Whig candidates — Henry Clay, the 
great Kentuckian. who made a brilliant but 
unsuccessful campaign against the "dark 
horse" (Polk), in 1844: and "Old Zach Taylor," 
who ran against Lewis Cass in 1848. "The 
Ship of State" was one of the most i>opular 

•songs during the memorable campaign of ISrto 
— which has just been described — and it is 

-given herewith: 

"THE SHIP OF STATE." 

"Hark! Hark! a signal gun is fired, just out be- 
yond the fort. 

• The good old ship of state, my boys, is coming 

into i>ort; 
With shattered sails and anchor gone. I fear the 
rogues will strand her. 

• She carries now a sorry crew, she needs a new 

commander." 
. Chorus— "Old .Vbram is the man. old .\bram is the 
man ; 



With a sturdy mate from the Pine Tree State. 
Old Abram is the man." 

"Four years ago she put to sea. with prospects 

brightly gleaming; 
Her hull was strong, her sails new set. and every 

pennant streaming. 
She loved the gale, she ploughed the wave, nor 

feared the deep's commotion. 
Majestic, nobly on she sailed, proved mistress of 

the ocean. 

Chorus— "Buchanan is the man, Buchanan is the 

man; 
A tour years' trip leaves a crippled ship, 
Buchanan is the man." 

"I'here's mutiny aboard the ship, there's feud no 

force to smother; 
Their blood is up to fever heat, they're cutting 

down each other. 
Buchanan here and Douglas there, are belching 

forth their thuiKler: 
While cunning rogues are sly at work, in pocketing 

the i>Iunder." 

Chorus — "Buchanan is the man. Buchanan is the 

man; 
A four years' trip leaves a crippled ship. 
Buchanan is the man." 

"Ovir ship is getting out of trim, 'tis time to calk 

and grave her; 
She is foul with stench of human gore, they've 

turned her to a slaver. 
She's cruised about from coast to coast, the flying 

bondsmen hunting; 
I'ntil she's stranded from stem to stern, she's lost 

her sails and bunting. 

Chorus — "Old Abram is the man. old Abram is the 

man ; 
With :i sturdy mate from the Pine Tree State. 
Old Abram is the man." 

"We'll give her what repairs she needs, a thor- 
ough overhauling; 

Her sordid crew will be dismissed, to seek some 
honest calling. 

Brave Lincoln soon will take the helm, on peace 
and right relying; 

in calm or storm, in peace or war, he'll keep her 
colors dying." 

Chorus— "Old Abram is the man. old Abram is the 

man ; 
\\'ith a sturdy mate from the Pine Tree State, 
Old .\bram is the man." 



"CT.EAR THE TR.\CK FOR OLD KENTUCKY." 

(.\ Whig Campaign Song of 1844.) 

"The moon was shining silvery bright. 
The stars with glory crowned the night; 
High on the tree sat the same old coon.' 
Singing to himself that same old tune." 

Chorus — "Get out of the way, you're all unlucky. 
Clear the track for old Kentucky." 

"Now in a sad predicament. 
The l.oeos- are for President; 
They have six horses in the pasture. 
And don't know which can run the faster." 
Chorus— Get out of the way. etc. 

"The wagon horse-' from Pennsylvania. 



'The Whig party. 

"t^ocos or "Locofocos." as the 'Whigs called the 
Democrats. 

'The wagon horse from Pennsylvania— James 
Buchanan. 




GEORGE GAMAGE 



HISTORY OF Mcdonough county. 



773- 



Th€ Putchman Ihinks the btst <if any. 
Hut hi must ilrac in hcav.v staKcs; 
Federal nations and low waRes."* 
Chorus— Get out of the way. etc. 

"They proudly brinp upon the course 
That old liripkin down war horse— 
They shout and sIuk. Oh rum.^ey. dumsey. 
Colonel Johnson kilUd Tecumseh." 
Chorus— Get out of the way. etc. 

"And there is I'ass. thouph not a dunce. 
Hell run both sides of th< traik at once. 
In nothm' lirst. in all things cc.ppy. 
He's sometimes plK ami sometimes puppy." 
Chorus— Get out of the way. etc. 

"And there's Matty.' never idle. 
A tricky horse that slips his bridle. 
In '44 we'll show him soon. 
The little fox can't fool the coon." 
Chorus— Get out of the way, etc. 

"It is the fashion of the day. 
Our people's favorite, Henry Clay: 
And let the track V>e dry or mucky. 
We'll stake our iiile on Old Kentucky."" 
Chorus— Get out of the way, etc. 



CH.ACTKR .\W. 



"UNCLE SAM'S WHITK HOTiSE." 

(This is the caption of a Whig campaipn sonR 
sung in IMS. The words are here appended): 

"ITncle Sam's White House is a fine situation 
For any one to live In to attend to the nation. 
And a good many came to the door and knocked. 
And Uncle Sam sang while the door was locked." 

Chorus— "Oh, who's that knocking at the door? 
Is that you Zack? No. it Is Cass: 
Well, you're like Santa Anna— you've got no pass- 
So there's no use knocking at the door any more." 

"When the Barnburners' came with the darkles 

in their ranks. 
Then I'ncle Sam laughed at their fmilish pranks: 
For they brought Martin Van. who hail lived there 

before. 
And I'ncle Sam sung while they knocked at the 

door," 

Chorus— "Oh. who's that knocking at the door? 
Is that you (!ass? No. it is Van. 
Well, you can't come In. you're a used-up man: 
So there's no use in knocking at the door any 
mi>re." 

"Then the People came with the brave old chief. 
Whose brow was crowned with a laurel wreath: 
And he went straight ahead as he did in Mexico. 
And knocked like a soUiler hcddly at the door." 

Chorus— "Oh. who's that knocking at the door? 
Is that yo>i Van? No, it is Zach. 
Well, walk In. General, you never turn back. 
So there's no use In knocking at the door any 
more." 



'Buchanan was an advocate of low wages for 
working men. being a free trader, while Clay, a 
strong pnitectlonist. had declared In Congress that 
a working man was entitled to "a dollar a day " 
and roast beef at every meal. 

'Martin Van Buren. 

•Polk, who wius really nominated and beat Clay 
at the polls and in conseipience of which the thou- 
sands who idolized and staked piles on old Ken- 
tucky went broke to the Democrats, is not men- 
tioned. The jMiem was probably written before 
the convention when Polk, whose nomination was 
an expe^llenl. was not thought of as a candidate, 

^"Barnburners" was an appellatU»n given to the 
Free Soil or Abidltlon Democrats who. running 
Martin Van Buren. greatly contributed to General 
Taylor's election on account of loss to the regular 
Democratic ticket. 



SLAVERY DAYS— UNDERGROUND 
RAILROAD. 



THE BLACK LAWS OK ILLl.NOI.S RKVOI.llTION 

WROUGHT BY THE FUGITIVE SLAVE LAW AND' 
KANSAS-NKBRASKA ACT — THE VOTE KOR LINCOLN 
IN 1860 DAYS OF THE UNnEBOROUNI) RAILROAD- 
IN M'DONOlHiH COt'NTY AND SOME OF ITS MOST 
ACTIVK Ol-ERA-roBS — THE STORY OF THE SLAVE: 

CHARLEY HIS Nf.MEROtS ATTEMPTS TO RESCUE 

HIS FAMILY FROM SLAVERY FINALLY I'ROVE SUC- 

CE8SFUI. OTHER INCIDENTS OF UNDERIiROUND 

RAILROAD WORK EXPERIENCE OK AN EX-SLAVE 

IN CONNECTION WITH THE PUBLIC SCHOOLS — 
THE LAST SLAVES OX m'dONOUCII SOIL AND THE 
UNSUCCESSFUL ATrEMI'T ro RETURN THEM TO' 
THEIR MASTERS. 

Although mainly emigrants from Soiithfrn or 
Slave States, the early settlers of McDonongh 
County entertained much prejudice against the 
negro; neither was it peculiar to McDonough 
County, but in great measure permeated the 
body politic of the entire State, 

My referring to the Revised Statutes of the 
State, approved March .■?. 1S45. the following is 
found in Chapter 54, under the head, "Negroes 
and Mulattoes," which provision was further en- 
forced by the Fugitive Slave Act of 1850, 
passed by the Congress of the United States: 

"Section S. Any person who shall here- 
after bring into this State any black or mu- 
latto person, in order to free him or her from 
slavery, or shall directly or indirectly bring 
into this State, or aid or assist any person in 
bringing any such black or mulatto person to 
settle and reside therein, shall be fined one 
hundred dollars on conviction or indictment be- 
fore any Justice of the Peace in the county 
where such offense shall be committed. 

"Section 9. If any slave or servant shall be 
found at a distance of ten miles from the tene- 
ment of his or her master or person with 
whom he or she lives, without a pass or some 
letter or token whereby It may appear that he 
or she Is proceeding by authority from his or 
her master, employer or overseer, it shall and 
may be lawful for any person to apprehend 



774 



HISTORY OF MCDONOUGH COUNTY. 



and carry him or her before a Justice of the 
Peace, to be by his order punished with stripes 
not exceeding thirty-five at his discretion. 

"Section 10. If any slave or servant shall 
presume to come and be upon the plantation 
or at the dwelling of any person whomsoever 
without leave from his or her owner, not be- 
ing sent upon lawful business, it shall be law- 
ful for the owner of such plantation or dwell- 
ing house to give or order such slave or serv- 
ant ten lashes on his or her bare back. 

"Section 12. It any person or persons shall 
permit or suffer any slave or slaves, serv- 
ant or servants of color, to the number of 
three or more, to assemble in his, her or their 
outhouse, yard or shed, for the purpose of 
dancing or reveling, either by night or by day. 
the person or persons so offending shall for- 
feit and pay the sum of twenty-five dollars, 
with cost, to any person or persons who will 
sue for and recover the same by action of debt, 
or indictment, in any court of record proper to 
try the same. 

"Section 13. It shall be the duty of all Cor- 
oners. Sheriffs. Judges and Justices of the 
Peace, who shall see or know of, or be in- 
formed of any such assemblage of slaves, or 
servants, immediately to commit such slaves 
or servants to the jail of the county, and, on 
view or proof thereof, order each and every 
such slave or servant to be whipped, not ex- 
ceeding thirty-nine stripes on his or her bare 
back." 

The Fugitive Slave Law made the enforce- 
ment of similar laws coextensive with the ju- 
risdiction of the United States, and in order 
to clearly define the meaning and import of 
such act, the celebrated case of Dred Scott, 
a slave who was arrested in Boston, Mass., 
was tried before the Supreme Court of the 
United States. Chief Justice Taney delivered 
the opinion of the court, which decided tha* 
slaves were property, and as such property 
could be moved by the owners of such slaves 
to any State or Territory in the United States. 
the proprietors could claim the protection of 
the laws over such property. The decision 
caused a whirlwind of criticism and opposi- 
tion and convulsed the entire North. Although 
there were thousands of adherents to the doc- 
trine in the Northern States, it finally caused 
a great political upheaval and a radical change 
in party affiliations. The celebrated Kansas- 



Nebraska bill was made the central feature 
of the political contest and much bitter feeling 
and bloodshed resulted from discussions and 
disputes over the issue, resulting ultimately in 
the formation of the Republican party and 
the election of Abraham Lincoln in 1860. 

The nation went wild over the wonderful 
change in the political field. It was a time 
never to be forgotten by those who were ac- 
tive participants in the stirring events; in a 
day a peaceful revolution of ballots had com- 
pletely transformed the policy of a great na- 
tion I But the defeated Southern party, who 
had staked its all on the election, was dis- 
appointed, indignant and grimly defiant, and 
determined that it would not abide the de- 
cision of the majority. Consequently, before 
Mr. Lincoln had taken the presidential chair, 
several of the States had adopted ordinances 
withdrawing from the Union, recalling their 
Senators and members of Congress, and soon 
afterward formed the Confederate States of 
America. Then came the bloody four years 
of Civil War, the success of the Union arms, 
and on April 14, 1865, the lamented assassina- 
tion of Abraham Lincoln. But through all the 
terrible ordeal the unity of the nation became 
an assured fact. These facts are here briefly 
and generally stated, merely to trace the ulti- 
mate effect of slavery and its agitation by law 
and without the pale of law. 

Returning to the so-called Black Laws of 
Illinois, they were known and read by every 
citizen of the State. While very many had 
their private opinions as to the right and 
wrong of such measures, in order to have peace 
with their neighbors they abided by them, took 
counsel of their consciences and awaited the 
time of deliverance and the inauguration of 
free speech and opinion. Still, there were 
in this county a few stalwart men and women, 
who, despite contumely, and even danger 
to their lives and property, openly and on all 
lawful occasions announced their abhorrence 
of slavery and all connected with the system. 
They were ostracised from society, avoided as 
pestilential, and contemptuously named Abo- 
litionists. Notwithstanding, these heroes 
worked indefatigably for the success of Free- 
dom, and they lived to see it triumph. 

In 1852 John P. Hale, the Free-Soil candi- 
date for President, received nine votes in 
McDonough County. By accessions, largely 




MRS. GEORGE GAMAGE 



HISTORY oi'" Mcdonough county. 



775 



caused by the overbearinR and unfriendly leg- 
islation enacted by the Proslavery party, in 
ISfii) IJncoIn received 2,2o') ballots, showing; 
that sturdy and consistent opiMsition to the 
wrong will, in the end. succeed. 

TiiK UNnKRCRouND R.Mi.ROAO. — The inside 
workings of the friends of the oppressed slave 
should be made a matter of record, and the 
facts in this account of what was called the 
"Underground Railroad." are largely tal<en from 
"Clarke's History." The institution is generally 
known, but few are intimately acquainted with 
its operations. Happily, the corporation does 
not now exist; the necessity for the enterprise 
Is not apparent at present, as the class of 
freight and passengers transi>orted over the 
lines are not now produced, and as a result of 
the continued agitation of the slavery question 
the rails are torn up and the station buildings 
torn down. The death of Lovejoy at Alton, 111., 
in 1837 — a martyr to his opposition to slavery 
— gave an impetus to the agitation which 
never ceased until the final .\ct of Emanci- 
pation. 

The formation of a party consisting of those 
in sympathy with slaves resulted in the or- 
ganization of the "Underground Railroad." for 
the purix)se of aiding fugitives to escape to a 
land of freedom; the secrecy of Its workings 
justified Its name. Notwithstanding the sys- 
tem was organized, those engaged in the work 
had no signs or passwords by which they 
might be known, save perhai)s a preconcerted 
rap at the door when a cargo of freight was 
to be delivered. As the undertaking was extra- 
hazardous, in view of the laws heretofore 
quoted, no cravens ever engaged in it. The 
proslavery men complained bitterly of the 
violation of the laws by their Abolition neigh- 
bors, and persecuted them as much as they 
dared, which was not a little: hut such op- 
position only made the friends of the slave 
more determined to carry out their convic- 
tions of right and duty. 

No class of people in McDonough County 
made better neighbors than the .\bolitionlsts, 
or better conductors of a railroad; but, in con- 
nection with their line, it was very singular 
that, although the people well knew who were 
engaged on it. and even where the depot was 
located, the freight could seldom be found 
Only one case is reported of the recapture 



of a slave on the line which ran through this 
county, although hundreds of the unfortunates 
were forwarded over it during the twenty-five 
years of Its existence. There were various 
branches of the road. The line running 
through McDonough County began in Quincy, 
and was nearly parallel with the present Chi- 
cago. Burlington & Quincy Railroad. 

IXCIDKNTS OK U NUKKIiKOl'.VI) OPKR.MIONS. 

Charley was a likely boy, the property of a 
man living near Hannibal, Mo. Ho had been 
well treated, and even allowed many liberties 
not enjoyed by the race generally. The 
thought that he was a slave had never dis- 
agreeably entered his mind, and probably 
never would, without the hapi>ening of a lit- 
tle circumstance. Quite a number of slaves 
had escaped from Missouri, and the matter was 
being generally discussed by all classes in the 
State. At a .gathering where Charley and his 
master were both present, the latter stated 
that if any slave of his should escape he would 
never rest until he captured him. "Now, Char- 
ley here," he said, "if he should escape, 1 
would not take a drink of whisky or a chew 
of tobacco until I had him back." 

In afterward narrating the circumstance, 
Charley said: "The thoughts suddenly flashed 
through my mind — What am I? Am I, or Am I 
not, a human being with power to feel, to 
think, to act? Have I a soul, or am I a ma- 
chine to be set in motion and act in accord- 
ance with the will of one made in the same 
manner as I am, save only of a different color? 
Such thoughts never entered my mind before. 
I had plenty to eat and drink, was well clothed, 
had a fair education and had been in company 
with men of talent, but. of course, without 
power to express my own thoughts, had I 
the desire to do so. I then thought I would 
give my master an opportunity to put his 
threat into execution; and I did so." 

Having many liberties, with power to come 
and go as he pleased, a few days afterward, 
as evening approached, Charley gave out to 
his fellow slaves that he was going to Han- 
nibal to attend a colored dance. Mounting a 
horse, he rode off in that direction, but when 
out of sight changed his course to the n<irfh. 
continuing thus until nejirly opposite Quincy. 
There he dismounted and found an old skiff, 
crossed the Mississippi River and landed at 



776 



HISTORY (3F Mcdonough county. 



the general depot of the Underground Rail- 
road, where he secured passage to Canada 
by way of Round Prairie. 

Early one morning Charley made Blazer's 
Station, in this county, where he lay by to 
enjoy a little rest and secure the services of 
another conductor. Mr. Blazer kept him that 
day, learned his story, and after dark took 
him to the next station on the line, and thus 
the traveler continued until he reached the 
terminus of his long route. But a few months 
afterward Mr. Blazer was much surprised to 
see the slave back, and learned that he was 
returning to secure his wife and two chil- 
dren. When Charley arrived at Quincy he 
obtained an excellent skiff from the general 
agent of the road at that point, and for some 
days endeavored to get his family away; but 
he was compelled to return without them, al- 
though he managed to assist in running off 
several slaves from the neighborhood. 

A few months passed, and Charley made an- 
other unsuccessful attempt to get his wife and 
children. A third attempt also failed. His 
master suspected his fourth return for the pur- 
pose, and so kept a strict watch over the wife 
and children, compelling them to sleep in a 
rtKim above the one occupied by himself and 
wife, and through which the slaves were com- 
pelled to pass. But in some unknown way 
Charley got possession of his family without 
alarming the master or mistress, and started 
for the Mississippi. The distance to the river 
at that point was too great to be made in one 
night, so the fugitives were compelled to lie 
out in the woods until darkness again came 
on. During tne second night they reached 
the river, and, crossing over, landed some dis- 
tance above Quincy, on a little island not far 
from the mainland. As the skiff grounded 
two men stepped from cover, with guns in their 
hands, and ordered the party to surrender. 
Charley suddenly drew his revolver, and lev- 
eling it at the men threatened to shoot if they 
made any attempt to harm him. He then be- 
gan to parley with them, at the same time con- 
sulting with his wife, as to what should be done. 
She urged him to save himself, stating that it 
would be death, or worse, for him to be cap- 
tured; but as for her, they would do nothing 
save place a more strict watch over her and 
the children. Therefore, seizing the opportu- 
nity when the attention of the men was di- 



verted, Charley jumped into the river and es- 
caped unhurt to the mainland, although sev- 
eral shots were fired after him. He again ap- 
peared alone at Blazer's and was forwarded 
to Canada by the usual routes. 

But Charley was not to be daunted, although 
when he returned to his old home he found 
that his family had been sold and taken down 
the river to a location near St. Louis. There 
he met with better success, as he escaped with 
wife and children and succeeded in bringing 
them to Canada. When the brave and faithful 
man came through McDonough County for the 
third time and reported his adventures with 
the slave catchers, he was advised to abandon 
the attempt to secure his wife and children, 
to return to Canada and marry some French- 
Canadian woman. "No," he replied, "that I 
will never do. I love my wife and children 
as much as any man, if I am black, and I in- 
tend to have them, or die in the attempt." 

As before remarked, Charley was instru- 
mental in running off many slaves, and the 
following, from "Young's History of Round 
Prairie and Plymouth," gives some interesting 
particulars of his labors and hardships borne 
in behalf of the Underground Railroad: Mr. T. 
(initial only given, as the gentleman is well 
known in McDonough and adjoining counties) 
called at the house of Mr. W. on his way 
home from a three-days' trip to Quincy, and 
found that a company of six negroes had 
just arrived that were to be sent on their way 
to freedom. There were a young man and a 
married couple, with two children, all under 
the leadership of a negro named Charley, who 
had been over the lines several times, and had 
become well known to the regular agents of 
the U. G. route. His various trips to and 
from Missouri had been made for the pur- 
pose of getting his wife, failing in which he 
would gather up such friends as he could pilot 
to the land of freedom. 

Mr. T. detailed himself for the service of 
taking the party to Macomb, engaging to start 
next morning and make a day trip. The party 
of six were stowed as well as possible, at full 
length, on the bottom of the wagon, and cov- 
ered closely with sacks of straw. These were 
so light that they showed a decided tendency 
to jolt out of place and make unwelcome reve- 
lations on the road. To remedy this, a rope- 
was drawn down tightly over the sacks and 



HISTORY OF MrDf^NUMH.H COUNTY. 



177 



fastened at the ends of the wagon. This ar- 
rangement kept things in place, and all went 
well until near the end of the journey. 

Becoming doubtful as to the proper road to 
take. Mr. T. was tempted to inquire of three 
young men who were setting out logs in a 
piece of woods through which he passed; but 
he dared not, for fear they might pry too close- 
ly into the nature of his load. As he drove 
on he thought there was a striking family like- 
ness in one of the young men to the person 
he was looking for. Further on he came to a 
cabin a short distance from the road, where 
he thought it safe to inquire, but on entering 
recognized the occupant too well as one he 
cared little to meet on such a mission. But 
it was a cold, snowy day, and his face was 
so concealed by his wrappings that he ob- 
tained his information without being recognized 
himself. Upon retracing his route Mr. T. 
again met the three young men, whose load was 
stalled in a deep rut, and, being now satis- 
fied as to their identity, he entered into con- 
versation with them and answered their ques- 
tions freely regarding his mission. Finding 
that Charley was in the company, one of them 
determined upon a practical joke. Calling out 
the negro's name in a stern voice, he told him 
that he knew he had passed over the line 
several times in safety, "but." he added tri- 
umphantly. "I have caught you at last. You 
are now my prisoner." Charley, still in con- 
cealment with the others under the sacks, 
recognized the voice of an old acquaintance 
and did not turn white with fear, but hugely 
enjoyed the joke which proved to be on the 
other party. 

Soon all were safely housed at Mr. Bla- 
zer's. After supper all hands gathered in 
the parlor, where for a time there was a free 
intermingling of story, song and mirth. Then 
an old violin was produced and operated upon 
by some one in the company, while the ne- 
groes let themselves out into a regular old- 
fashioned plantation "hoe-down," which lasted 
until all were ready to retire with aching 
sides from excess of rollicking fun. That even- 
ing's entertainment is noted as a jiarticularly 
bright spot in the V. G. R. R. experience — 
brightened with genuine negro polish. 

Thai.n CArTi'RKi). — As heretofore stated, dur- 
ing the many years in which the Underground 
11 



Railroad was in operation, but one accident 
occurred in this county. The agent at Round 
Prairie (on the county line), with a consign- 
ment of fifteen negroes, started one night to 
deliver them to the agent in McDonough, but 
in the darkness lost his way, and found him- 
self in the hollow near the residence of Da- 
vid Chrisman, a well known proslavery char- 
acter in this county. Leaving the wagon he 
took the negroes across lots to the station of 
.lames and .John Blazer, where he left them 
and returned to his wagon and home. 

The history of this consignment illustrates 
the continuous vigilance, persistency and bra- 
very acquired by the agents of the U. G. R. R., 
in September, 1861. The slaves had succeeded 
in running away from slave buyers, who were 
on their way south to dispose of the black 
laborers in the hemp fields and cotton planta- 
tions. With great difficulty they had succeed- 
ed in crossing the Mississippi River and land- 
ing at Quincy, where they placed themselves 
in the care of Mr. Van Dorn, the station agent 
there, and a well known friend of their race. 
He kept them secreted in Quincy for about 
three months, before an opportunity offered 
to forward them to the next station at Round 
Prairie, now Plymouth. As there was then 
an outstanding reward of $500 for the recap- 
ture of each slave, it may be imagined how 
closely such a man w-as watched; b\it, after 
several futile attempts. Van Dorn forwarded 
the party to Round Prairie, only to find that 
station so closely watched that the cargo had 
to be returned to Quincy. Later, he got them 
away himself and accompanied them past 
Round Prairie and Plymouth station to the 
station of the Blazers, already related. 

As Van Dorn returned he was seen, shortly 
after daylight near Middletown. by men in that 
vicinity who knew him and could easily con- 
jecture his business in this i)art of the county. 
Each of the slaves was hidden in a corn shock 
on Blazer's farm and furnished with food and 
water for the day. That night ,Iohn Blazer 
loaded his wagon with sacks of grain, covered 
it with a tari)aulin. and started for the Ber- 
nadotte mill, the only institution of the kind 
patronized by the early settlers for years. But 
there had been spies around the farm watch- 
ing every move, and he had gone a mile before 
thirty or forty mounted men, headed by the 
aforesaid David Chrisman, overtook the wagon 



778 



HISTORY OF Mcdonough county. 



and accompanied Blazer several miles. The 
two were old acquaintances and talked as 
neighbors, not a word being said about ne- 
groes, and finally Chrisman became convinced 
that he was on the wrong track. After a 
consultation with his men he sent two of the 
number to accomi)any John Blazer a few miles 
farther, and, with the balance of the party, 
turned back to look for fresh trails. 

In the meantime, James Blazer had taken the 
fifteen fugitives and started on toot in a north- 
erly direction. When they reached the timber, 
then north of Industry, they were suddenly 
confronted by about forty men. Blazer shout- 
ed to the negroes to run for the timber; and 
they did, all save one reaching cover and es- 
caping. The one captured had been rendered 
unconscious by a blow on the head from a 
gun barrel, and was easily taken. The posse 
did not attempt to follow the balance of the 
party into the woods, as each desperate negro 
was armed with two revolvers and a howie 
knife. Subsequently the fourteen fugitives all 
reached Canada in safety. 

Tradition has it that Chrisman retiirned the 
captured slave to his master and claimed the 
reward, which was refused. The truth is that, 
at all events, Dave got nothing for his labor 
in the unholy traffic, and that none of his 
neighbors wore crape for him because of his 
disappointment. 

This was the largest consignment ever 
brought to the Blazers station, and all had to 
be cooped up in one small room by day. In the 
party was a child who had the whooping cough, 
and as the house was surrounded by spies 
every device was resorted to in order that 
the sound might he drowned. One fellow, a 
neighbor named John Potter, but a spy as 
well, would visit all day and eat with the 
family. His usual seat was a chair leaning 
against the wall of the room in which the ne- 
groes were confined, and when the child would 
take a fit of coughing the Blazer family would 
scuffle their feet around, move the chairs about, 
walk heavily over the floor, or do anything 
else to cover up the noise in the next room. 
There also the mother of the child might be 
stuffing a pillow in the child's mouth to smother 
the whoop. At all events the different schemes 
of allaying suspicion were completely success- 
ful, and Porter never dreamed how near he 
was to the game he sought. The fugitives re- 
mained ten or twelve days at the Blazer house 



before an opportunity was found for their es- 
cape, in the manner described above. 

McDonough County and the city of Macomb 
have several old colored citizens who were 
reared in slavery, and, becoming free, have 
settled down in peace and quietness; but they 
suffered and endured much on first coming to 
Illinois. One case — that of Milford Daniels — 
by way of illustration: Daniels is now a citi- 
zen of Macomb, and quite an intelligent, well 
read man. Born in Montgomery County, Va., 
March 18, 1833, he remained in his native State 
until he was twenty-si.\ years of age, when 
he was sold to a Mr. Daniels, of Mexico, Mo. 
The slave adopted the name of his master, 
becoming a portion of the property of the fam- 
ily estate and being publicly sold five times. 
He then became the property of a Mr. Ste- 
vens, who kept him two years, when he was 
repurchased by Mr. Daniels and remained with 
that master until the Proclamation of Emanci- 
l)ation, December 31, 1862. 

In March, 1863, Mr. Daniels came to McDon- 
ough County and rented a farm of Major 
George Yocum, who for many years had been 
a friend of the black race. It was located at 
Pennington's Point, and there he remained for 
ten years, with his wife and children. His 
wife, formerly Eliza A. Stevens, was a fellow 
slave, and he had married her with the con- 
sent of her owner. Their children, Eliza and 
Sam, were born in slavery, while Isabella and 
Oliver were born free. 

While Milford Daniels was on the farm of 
Major Yocum, one of the School Directors in- 
formed him that he must send his children to 
school. With some surprise he said that he 
did not know that they would be i)ermitted to 
attend; but the Directors assured him that 
they would be admitted. So his children went 
to the district school, and it did not take long 
for the reiiort to spread abroad. A few days 
thereafter a white man, named McGinnis, 
called on the teacher with a gun and requested 
her to turn the colored pupils out; although 
she demurred, she stated that she would in- 
form the Directors of his wishes. These offi- 
cials were Mr. Blackston. James Dickey and 
Henry Scott, prominent farmers of that dis- 
trict, and when they were informed of Mr. 
MrOinnis' action, promptly had him arrested, 
instructing the teacher to receive the colored 
children and they would protect her. 

On the night of the arrest seventeen or 




MR. AND MRS. JACOB GEORGE 



HISTORY OF Mcdonough county. 



779 



twenty of these Southern sympathizers went to 
Daniels' cabin and threatened to shoot him, 
but finally gave him twenty-four hours in which 
to get out of the county. Knowing that he 
had the support of the Directors and of the 
respectable citizens of that section, instead 
of dopartins he at once built a rail fort and, 
furnished with arms and ammunition, awaited 
the coming of the self-appointed regulators. 
But, becoming aware of the reception which 
would greet tnem, they did not revisit Mr. 
Daniels or further molest him. 

L.vsT SiAVKs ON McD<)N()1(;h Coimy Son.. — 
On the evening of the 31st of December, 1862, 
two negro men were taken from the eastern 
bound train of the Chicago, Burlington & 
Quincy Railroad at the Macomb depot, by a citi- 
zen of this county who claimed they were 
nmaway slaves. He felt it his duty — or privi- 
lege — to take them back and deliver them to 
the fatherly care of their master. It is im- 
possible to say whether he had heard of Pres- 
ident Lincoln's proclamation of that day, which 
went into effect at midnight; but he had the 
slaves taken from the railroad coach, and, 
having obtained their passes which they had 
received from their master, as well as their 
railroad tickets, he held them with a view of 
placing them aboard a train, then nearly due. 
which was going west to Quincy and thence 
to Missouri. h'oT his interpretation and dem- 
onstration of the constitutional rights of the 
slaveowner he expected to receive a large re- 
warrl: but the train happened to be late that 
night, and the captor and captives were obli.ged 
to loaf on the platform. 

.\t this juncture .lohn Q. Lane, the City 
Marshal, and a man of cool nerve, appeared 
on the scene and engaged the colored people 
In conversation, soon gaining an insight into 
the state of affairs. When their manager was 
pointed out. Marshal Lane recognized him 
as a harsh proslavery fellow, and decided upon 
his course of action. Reniember(;ig that 
the Emancipation Proclamation would take ef- 
fect at midnight, and. notwithstanding the 



curses and threats of the constitutional citi- 
zen, he ordered the colored men to step into 
the bus of the Randolph Hotel, which was at 
the platform waiting for passengers. Accom- 
panied by Mr. Lane, the load was soon on its 
way to the hotel, and, after explanations to 
William H. Randolph, the proprietor, the black 
boys were comfortably distributed alx)ut the 
office. Mr. Randolph, also fearless and a warm 
sympathizer with the Marshal's plans, pledged 
his protection until the entire party were 
free men: and it is greatly to be regretted 
that such a man should have been killed by 
the cowardly slave-chaser (Bond) with whom 
he and .Mr. Lane were now dealing, although 
that lamentable event was not connected with 
this episode. After showing the negro men 
to a room which they were to occupy until 
called, Mr. Randolph, with the City Marshal 
and others, stood guard at the door and the 
hotel office. 

In the meantime the injured captor, now in- 
flamed by whisky, went to the hotel and de- 
manded the fugitives, accompanying his de- 
mands with more curses and threats of vio- 
lence. Proprietor Randolph closed the incident 
by first ordering him from the house, and. as 
words did not have the desired effect, kicked 
him into the street. The next morning the 
doubly defeated party took passage on the 
first train going west to his home, and there 
doubtless attempted to discover for some time 
exactly "where he was at." 

The fugitives were held by their friends 
until 12 o'clock, and a few minutes over for 
good measure, when they were invited from 
their room and informed that, agreeable to 
the Presidential Proclamation, they were free 
men, and could go and come when and where- 
soever they pleased, and no man would dare 
to molest or make them afraid. The freed 
men expressed their gratitude to those who 
had protected them, and proudly departed the 
next morning for Galesburg. And thus was 
the soil of McDonough County forever freed 
of slavery, the proclamation of .\brahain Lin- 
coln making the existence of the Underground 
Railroad forevermore unnecessary. 



78o 



HISTORY OF Mcdonough county. 



CHAPTER XX\T. 



OLD SETTLERS— OLD-TIME TALES. 



THE M DONOUGH COUNTY I'lOXEEB CLUB — IT HAS 
ITS ORICilN IN CHANCK .MEETINGS OF OLD SET- 
TLERS — KORMAL ORGANIZATION TAKES PLACE IN 
1905 — LIST OF MEMBERS — STORY OF AN INDIAN 

SUICIDE ALLEGED TREASURE YET UNFOUND A 

REMINISCENCE OF THE BLACK HAWK WAR — HOW 
LINCOLN GOT HIS TEOOPS OVER A FENCE — A JOKE 
ON JUDGE C. L. HIGBEE. 

There is probably no section ot the State, in 
proportion to population, in which the old set- 
tlers are more fully represented than in the 
Pioneer Club of McDonough County, organized 
in August, 1905, and now containing a mem- 
bership of nearly three hundred, whose ages 
range from seventy to 101 years, and who are 
excusably proud of the hard fight for the es- 
tablishment of a splendid civilization in the 
West through which they have passed and 
proved no small element in securing the vic- 
tory. The club originated in the habit of the 
more aged of the pioneers in the city of Ma- 
comb, of meeting before the store of James S. 
Grier for the purpose of friendly intercourse 
and recounting reminiscences, which naturally 
often drifted into tales and exchanged confi 
dences of the past. These gatherings became 
so popular that Mr. Grier placed chairs and 
settees at the disposal of the old-timers. In 
July, 1905, the press noticed and commented 
favorably on the disposition of the old settlers 
to get together and form an animated home 
historical society, and finally, at the sugges- 
tion of Mr. Grier, a group of twenty-four of 
the venerable fathers of the city and county 
were photographed. A larger and more rep- 
resentative group of forty-eight was later ta- 
ken and published by the city newspapers. 
About this time Blandinsville organized a club 
(an organization having already been effected 
at Macomb), and the time seemed ripe to ex- 
tend the scope of the local association so as 
to include the county. 

A forma) resolution was passed to organize a 
County Club, and Alexander McLean, E. O. Cole 



and James S. Gash were appointed a commit- 
tee to place the movement on its feet, with in 
struction to report at the next meeting of 
the City Club. The result was an arrangement 
with the authorities of the McDonough County 
Fair, by which August 16, 1905, was to be Pio- 
neers' Day, the old settlers of the county be- 
ing admitted free and given complete use of 
the grounds. This was advertised in all the 
papers of the county, and the result was that, 
on the day named, which proved to be a gen- 
ial, clear summer day, there assembled In the 
grove some three hundred men and women, 
constituting an audience which, in all proba- 
bility, will never meet again on this side of 
the River. There were represented the pio- 
neers of this county, who helped to make a 
part of the imperial State of Illinois — the fa- 
thers and mothers, aged from seventy to 101 
years of age. Mrs. Mariah Harden Neece was 
present, aged 100 years. She is the stepmoth- 
er of Hon. W. H. Neece, who delivered an ad- 
dress on his experience as one of the early 
settlers, which greatly pleased the audience, 
as it brought before them the scenes of old 
times vividly. It soon proved that many who 
came to this county from 1S21 to date were 
ready and willing to give testimony which 
would have been most valuable, but from lack 
of time it was agreed that any one who had 
something to contribute in that line, by giving 
a short sketch of his life and labors, be re- 
quested to do so, and that it be sent to the 
President of the Pioneer Club, and that such 
should appear in the papers of the day from 
time to time. 

The meeting, with Alexander McLean presid- 
ing, opened with the grand old Doxology, which 
was sung by the hundreds present and proved 
an incident of no little interest. These grand 
old ))eoi)le voiced with heartfelt sympathy that 
they had reason to "Praise God from whom 
all Blessings How." After- prayer by Elder 
J, C. Reynolds and the address of Mr. Neece, 
the exercises were interspersed with singing 
by the Nightingale Club, made up of old, well 
trained singers — Messrs. Gash, Mapes, Grier 
and Wilson — who selected and, in an admir- 
able manner, rendered appropriate old songs, 
which were heartily appreciated by the large 
congregation present. 

It was resolved unanimously that the Pio- 
neer Club of McDonough should be instituted 



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HISTORY OF Mcdonough county. 



781 



and. for the purpose of carrying out the forma- 
tion of such a club, which includes men and 
women. K. O. Cole, of Emmet Township, was 
elected President, and A. H. Stickle, of Ma- 
comb, Secretary. This concluded the exer- 
cises. AH present at once shook hands with 
Mrs. Neece and the picnic feature was entered 
into with susto and i)lt>asure. The entire af- 
ternoon was taken up lu visiting and conversa- 
tion. Hefore the picnic, how-ever, the ijioneers 
present, numberins some 2t)i), proceeded to the 
amphitheater, and formed in two groups; the 
women forming one and the men the other. 
Thus grouped, a large picture was taken of the 
notable gathering. 

.Although all residents of McDonough Coun- 
ty are entitled to become members of the Pio- 
neer Club, it will be noted that, with one ex- 
ception, they have passed the "three-score 
years and ten." Following is the roll of honor: 



Alex-TiKier V. Krooking. aged 76. born I'Y'bruary 

■J5. 1S29. .at Princeton, Ky., came to Macomb 1S!4. 

<."harle.s 1). Crlssey. aged ":!. born October H. lS.il'. 

at Falrlield, Conn., came to Macomb Oclober 

B. ISijG. 
Abraham Swltzer, aged 74, born October 23, 1S31, at 

Stanton. Va., came to McDonough County 1S54. 
Knl)ert Horrell. aged .S<). born March I'J. ISK. In 

.\dalr County. Ky.. came to McUoiiough County 

ISfS. 
David Knapp. aged 72. born July IB, l.SXi. In 

Mailison County, Ohio, came to McDonough 

county 1S6H. 
V. C. (Jibson. jiged 73. born -August 22. I.s:t2, at In- 

du.stry. 111., has resided here always. 

H. <;. Hrlstow. aged SI. born .Xugust 21. 1S24, In 

Cumberland County. Va.. came to county 1S27. 

Jonas \V. Kverly. aged 71. born September 11. is;i4. 

In Carroll County. Md., came to Fulton County, 

ill.. IS.-!7. 
William Robinson and wife, aged SO. born May S. 
1S24. in Champaign County. Ohio, came to Illi- 
nois 183.-!. 
•Chiirles Andrews, aged 7;i. born September 24. Is2ii. 

in Kngland. came to county ISStl. 
Rev. ,J. C. Reynolds, aged S<i. born December 15. 
1S2.'; in Holt County. Ky.. came to Illinois 1839. 
Karnham K. Camp, aged 7i). born November 13. I«t5, 

in McDonough County. 
John 1) Munger. aged Si) years, born April 2ii, 1S24, 

at Saratoga, N. Y.. came to Ohio anil Illinois 1S33 

and 1S7H. 
■George c. Meador. aged sii. born .\ugust ."1. 1.S24. at 

Nashville. Tenn.. came to county 1S44. 
John H. Smith, aged S6. born July 26. 1819. In West 

Virginia, came to McDonough County In 182S. 
Garnett Wayland. aged 72. born November 21, 18.33. 

In McDonough County. 
Henry Compton. aged 7s. born November 2S. 1S2S. 

In Fairlleld County. Ohio, came to county 1!M5. 
Chrisloph-r Wetzel, aged 71. born .\prll 14. ls:tl. at 

.Augusta. Va. 
Amos Glllam. aged S4. born December l.i. 1X21. In 

Westmoreland County. Pa., came to county 1*13. 
James N. Johnson and wife, aged 70, born Febru- 
ary 19. I,s:i5. In lOnglanil. came to Illinois ISiH. 
R. B. Helms, age.l 74, born March .'>. Kil. at Har- 
risonburg. Va.. came to Illinois I.S.W. 
■Simon 1, Sommers. aged S2. born October 23. 1S23. 

at Wa-shlngton. D. C. came to Illinois 1S.V>. 
Daniel Markham and wife, aged 72. born February 
2. 1S33. at Cassopolls. Mich., came to Illinois 1860. 



Daniel .M. Crabb. aged 7!). born November 14. ISSl, 
in Montgomery County, Va.. came to Illinois 18:16. 

Talbott Jaggard and wife, aged 76, born April 15, 
1S2!), Cumberland County, N. Y., came to Illi- 
nois 1.S56. 

W. M. Rexroat and wife, aged 75. born May 8, 1830, 
Russell ("ounty, Ky.. came to county 1846. 

Nathan Cheesman, aged .Si), born March 16, 1825, at 
Philadelphia. Pa,, came to county 1S56. 

(Jeorge Jones, aged 7S. bi)rn July 5. 1827, at Win- 
chester, Va.. came to county 1S.!9. 

Philip Hesh. aged 70. born March 4. 18:!S. at Baden, 
Germany, came to county 1X75. 

G. C. Gumbarl. aged SI. bom May 14. 1826, at 
Frankfort, Germany, came to United States In 
1S!)3. and to Macomb April 15. IS64. 

Nathaniel Decker, aged 73. born December 2. 1832. 
In I'lster County. N. Y.. came to lounty 1849. 

Alexander Monger, aged 72, born January 17, 18.33, In 
Warren County, Pa., came to county 1S54. 

John T. Gallagher and wife, age 1 73. born .March. 
1S:12. In ("larion County. Pa., came to county 1S.S9. 

Nicholas Pearce. aged 7.S. born October 20. 1S27. at 
Haltlmore. Md.. came to county 18.55. 

Thomas T. Smithers and wife, aged 76. born Jan- 
uary 29. ISJiil. Columbia. Ky.. came to county 1833. 

Robert Dooth. aged 71. born June 20. 18.34, at Phila- 
delphia. Pa., came to county 1.S43. 

J. B, Cuinmings and wife, aged SI. born January 
17. 1.S24. In Cecil County, Md., came to county 
1,S3I. 

Jacob Martin, aged 72. born .August 29. IS:!;!. In 
Wentworth County. N. C. came to county 1S45. 

-Andrew J. Wilhelm. aged 72. born May 11. 1.S.T;!. in 
Washington county. .Ark., came to county ls;!0. 

Henry J. Faukner. aged 73. born October 30, 18:12, 
In Ohio, came to county 1.S54. 

James W. Jackson, aged ^5. born December 6. 1830, 
at Warrensburg, Va., came to county 1S36. 

N. H. Jackson, aged 71. born l.S:!4. at Warrensburg. 
Va.. came to county 18:16. 

William Jackson, aged .SI), born 1S25, at Warrens- 
burg, Va.. came to county ls:W. 

James Hendricks, aged SO. born 1S25. In Ohio, Va. 

J. J. Kirk, aged 77. born December 10. 1.S2.S. in Ada 
County. Va.. came to county 1834. 

John Owen, aged 72. born September S. lS.i3. in Lick- 
ing (_\)unty. Ohio, came to comity 1.S41. 

Thomas J. Dudman. aged 55, born September 19. 
1S.TI). in Hancock county. 111., came to McDon- 
ough County 1.S79. 

Fred N. Burt and wife, aged 77. born December 28, 
1S2S, at Saratoga. N. Y., came to county 1856. 

A. Hanson, aged .SO. born -April 25. 1S2.5. In Ro.sa 
County. Ohio, came to county ISfil. 

Rev. J. H. Morgan, aged 77. born January 24. 1S28. 
In Warren County. Tenn.. came t )untv is;i!». 

-Mllford Daniels and wife, aged 72. born Marih 18, 
l.s;i:f. -Montgomery County, Va.. came to county 
l.S6:i. 

George Wetzel, aged 72. born June 18, 1833, at Au- 
gusta. Va.. came to county in 1.S45. 

H. 1,. McKee. aged 76. born October 2. 1S.10. In San- 
gamon County. 111., came to county 18:19. 

William McMillan, aged 77. born February 18. 1828. 
Helfast. Ireland, lame to county 1X51. 

Kllphaiet Hbkman. aged 74. born" March 1.3. 1831. In 
Floyd I'ounty. Ind.. came to county lS6:i. 

J. ('. .McClellan. aged 76. born .April 1. 1829, at Can- 
nonsburg. Pa., came to county 18.35. 

Robert McCutcheon. aged 79. born .August 26. 1X26. 
at Port Patrick. Scotlaml. came to county 1851. 

Russell Jones, aged 70. born June 10. IX'tS. came to 
county 1X51. 

Tillman 1... Bowen. aged 73. born January 28. 1,8.32, 

In McDonough County. 
Cyrus Walker and wife. ag.»<l 7:!. born September 

25, is:!2. .Adair County. Ky., came to county 1833. 
John Watson, aged 79. born March 9. 1824, at Com- 

pleton. Scotland, came to county 1851. 
.Abe Watson, aged 7.X. born January 9. 1X25, at Com- 

ple.ton, Scotland, came to county 1851. 
.Allen Magruder. aged 70. born 18:15 In Kentucky. 

camt? to county 1864. 

Neuman Foster, aged 70. born August 15. 18:15. In 
McDonough County. 



782 



HISTORY OF Mcdonough county. 



W. Haymiller anri wife, aged 75. born January 15. 
1830. at York. Pa., cajne to county 1856. 

David Maguire. aged 72. born October 20. 18:J3. in 
Shelbv Countv. Ky.. came to county 1852. 

Rachel Spragiie. aged 71. born January 19. 1834. in 
Indiana. 

D. Shumate, aged 78. born June 11. 1S27. at Madison. 
Ky.. came to county 1844. 

Alexander McLean, aged 72. born September 24, 
1833. .It Glasgow. Scotland, came to county 1849. 

CorneJius Faider and wife, ag^d 76, born in Ger- 
many. 

George W. Keithley. aged 74. born July 22, 1831. in 
Indiana, came to county 1839. 

S. P. Wetherhald. aged 73. born in Pennsylvania. 

Josiah McDonald, aged 78. born in Ohio. 

I. W. Daily, agetl 75. born in Virginia. 

b. F. Beard, aged N2, born in Pennsylvania. 

W. H. Hays, aged 81. born September 1 in Ken- 
tucky, came to county 1824. 

W. T. Brooking, aged 81. born at Princeton, Ky., 
came to county 1834, 

Joseph Alien, aged 86. born in Connecticut. 

J. P. Logan and wife, aged 73. born October 24, 
1S32. in Illinois. 

Clinton Jones, aged 73. born November 2^1, 18.33. in 
Kentucky, came to county 1S54. 

Ed Maguire. aged 75. born in Shelby County. Ky., 
came to county 1852. 

John Gesler and wife, aged 77. born March 2fl. 1S2S, 
in Germany, came to county 1S55. 

T. S. Colbert and wife, aged 78, born April 12, 
1828, in Pennsylvania, came to county 1859. 

James D. Machin. aged 81. born in New York. 

John M. Archer and wife, aged 78. born April 14. 
1827. in Ohio, came to county 1868. 

John Ewing. aged 87. born December 12, 1818. in 
Ohio, came to county 1853. 

J. S. Robertson and wife, aged 81. born in Ken- 
tucky, came to Adair County January 5, 1825. 

John Robinson, aged 74. born January 15, 1828. 
Adair Countv. Pa. 

D. L. Randolph, aged 80, born February 20. 1825. 
in Kentucky, came to county 1852. 

William Miller and wife, aged 72, born December 
15, 1833. in Tennessee, came to county 1852. 

Thomas C. Yard and wife, aged 74, born December 
4. 1830. in Connecticut, came to county 1832. 

James S. Gash and wife, aged 72. born in Ken- 
tucky. 

A. B. Stickle, aged 80. born April 25. 1826. in Penn- 
sylvania, came to county 1837. 

James Claxton, aged 70. born in England. 

Richard Tobin. aged 73, born in Ireland. 

O. F. \Valker and wife, aged 75. born March 18. 
1830. in Indiana. 

William Ritter. agetl 92. born in Pennsylvania. 

W. O. Sapp and wife, aged 78, born January 13. 
1827, in Davidson Countv. N. C, came to Illinois 
1831. 

E. O. Cole, aged 72, born in Ohio. 

G. W. Pace, aged 70. born May 30. 1835. in Illinois. 

Thomas Horton and wife, aged 73, born in England. 

William S. Bailey and wife, aged 84. born in Ken- 
tucky. 

George W. Eyres, aged 94, born in New York. 

R. O. Kirkpatrick. aged 80. born January 19. 1825. 
in Ohio, came to county 1866. 

Henry W. Gash and wife, aged 70. born January 20, 
1835. in Kentucky, came to Illinois 1835. 

A. B. Higginson. aged 71. born in Indiana. 

A. B. Newton, aged 94. bom in New York. 

James T. Shannon and wife, aged 74, born in Ten- 
nessee. 

John L. Hockinson. aged 86. born in West Virginia. 

John Axford and wife, aged 74. born May 2, 1831, 
in England. 

A. W. Greer, aged 71. born In Kentucky. 

Daniel W. Campbell, aged 89 years, born August 28. 
1826. Normal County. Tenn.. married Adaline 
Jackson November 9, 1854. came to Illinois in 1827. 

John Harris Bushnell. aged 90 years*, born March 
22. 1815, in Lincoln Countv. Ohio, moved to Illi- 
nois in 1827. 

J. T. Kirkpatrick. aged 72 years, born December 
2, 1833, in Morgan County. 111., moved to McDon- 
ough County in 1855; married Elizabeth Low Sep- 
tember 30, 1856. 



Thomas J. Dud man. aged 55 \'ears, born Septem- 
ber 19. 1850. in Hancock County. 111. 

T. \V. Wilson, aged 70 years, born in Harrison 
cciuntv. Ind., March 2S. 1835, moved to Illinois 
in 19^^. 

John McMillan, aged 87 years, born in Trumbull 
County. Ohio. August 17. 1818. came to Illinois in 
1854; married- Eliza E. Bruce- 
Mrs. Jesse Neece. aged 99 years, born in Washing- 
ton County. Ky.. March 21. 1806. moved to Illi- 
nois October 5. 1835; married Jesse Neece Septem- 
ber 28. 1838. 

Charles H. Kellough. aged 71 years, born May 16. 
1834. in Cecil County, Md., moved to Illinois in 
1837 and to McDonough County in 1842. 

Charles C. Hays, aged 70 years, born May 24, 1835, 
in Clinton County. Pa., moved to Illinois in 1856; 
married Mattie Laughry. 

John Pearson, came to Illinois in 1849. 

Hugh McMillan, aged 74 years, born March 15. 1S31, 
at Camjibelltown. Scotland, moved to Illinois in 
1848. 

John Easton. born in 1832 in England, came to Illi- 
nois in 1855. 

Jacob Grim, born in Fairfield Count^', Ohio, April 
1. 1823. moved to McDonough County in 1853. 

John Hampton. Macomb, aged 78 years, born in 
Miami County. Ohio, January 9. 1S27. moved to 
McDonough County in 1845. 

Miles Schnatterly, aged 73 years, born in Fayette 
County. Pa.. September 12. 1S33. moved to Mc- 
Donough County in 1870. 

Mrs. Cynthia Hall, aged 85 years, born in Ken- 
tucky in 1820. came to Illinois in 1836; married 
David Hall. 

Mrs. John O. Wilson (formerly Purdy), aged 95 
years, born in Kentucky. July 28. 1810, came to 
[Ilinois in 18.33; married May 12. 1829. 

Mrs. W. H. Randolph, aged 87 years, born in ISIS; 
married January 26, 1837. came to Illinois in 1S35. 

Samuel Smith and wife, aged 76. born January 29. 
1829. in Cumberland County. Pa., came to State in 
1851. 

Edward Rix and wife, aged 71. born October 19, 
1834, in England, came to State in 1845. 

Dudley Lane, aged 70. born September 30, 1835. in 
Kentucky, came to State in 1836. 

John T. Franklin, aged 73. born January 25. 1832. 
in Cumberland Countv. Pa., came to State in 
1864. 

Allen Cooper, aged 82. born August 31, 1823, at 
Nashville. Tenn.. came to county in 1876. 

L. B. Mourning, aged 75, born July 17. 1830, in 
Adair County. Ky.. came to county in 1S37. 

Nathan Thorpe, aged 75. born 1830, in Kentucky, 
c-ame to county in 1S76. 

Allan Murray, aged 71. born October. 1834. in Ken- 
tucky, came to State in 1836. 

Nathan Kitch. aged 78. born 1827. in Philadelphia, 
came to county in 1865. 

Ira N. Morrow and wife, aged 72. born April 6. 
1833. in Danville, Vt.. came to county in 1901. 

S. A. ,Bugg. aged 71. fifty-two years in Illinois. 

Mrs. James Chamberlain. 

Elmer B. Lownes. 

Adam Douglas, aged 72. born December 31. 1833. in 
Scotland, came to countv in 1852. 

John Russell, aged 72. born April 28. 1833. in Au- 
gusta County. Va., came to county in 1842. 

E. P. Dawson, aged 87. born February 14, 1819, in 
England, came to county in 1865. 

Samuel Frost, aged 73. born October 10. 1832. in 
Licking County. Ohio, came to county in 1854. 

John S. Campbell, aged 89, born December 5. 1816, 
in Knoxville. Tenn.. came to county in 1830. 

John N. Wetzel, aged 76. born May 11. 1829. in Au- 
gusta County. Va.. came to county in 1645. 

Thomas Andrews, aged 81. born July 21, 1824, in 
England, came to county in 1849. 

Thomas L. Robison. aged 74. born February 10, 
1831. at \Vooster. Ohio, came to county in 1856. 

Jonas Ringer, aged 72. born November 22. 1833. in 
Somerset County. Pa., came to County in 1856. 

John Calapatine, aged 70. born March. 1835. in Bel- 
gium, came to county in 1869. 

Michael Whalen. aged 84, born April 18. 1821, in Ire- 
land, came to county in 1852. 



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HISTORY ')F Mcdonough county. 



783 



James M. Ftcxrciat. a»;c-(i 77. born January 22. 1S2K. 

at Jinitdwn. Pa., camv lii iiniiity in ISSS. 
l^ura Hunter, born AiiKust 17. ISL'4. at Athens. 

(thio. <-ame to county In 1854. 
Mrs. Dr. C Hayes, ageil S4, born September '£>, 

1X21. in Kentucky, eame to county In 1835. 
Mrs. Jane Mullan. ageil 76. born May 12. 1S2!I. came 

to eoiint\- in ISWI. 
KciwanI MaKUire and wife, aged 77. born October 

2!t. 182!i. In Kentucky, came to county in 1853. 
Mrs. M. H. Neece. aKeil lim. 
Samuel Thomas, ajied 72. born March 8. 1833. in 

Pinckney. (ihio. 
J. B. ClUBSten and wife, aged 81. born April 13. 

1S24. in ('hambersbuTK. Pa., came to county In 

1S62. 
William «. Darlington, aged 7S. 

Mrs. Malinda Atkinson, aged S3, born 1S22. in Ken- 
tucky. 
Mrs. Talbot Jaggard. aged 67. 
Mrs. Catharine Lewis, aged 72. born November 11. 

1^33. in Kentucky, came to county in 1875. 
William Hright, aged 7,>i. born March 25. 1827. In 

Kngland. came to county In IS-SO, 
Samuel Thomas, aged SO, born March 1. 1825. in 

Columbus, Ohio, 
Jeff Hayliss, aged 78, born MaTch 27, 1827, in Knox- 

ville, Tenn.. came to county in 1851. 
Charles Stewart, aged 71, born September 6. 1S:!4. 

in New York. 1856. 
W. W. Henderson, aged 73, born December 19, 1832. 
in Harrison Countv. Ohio, came to county in 1844, 
Willis Seward, aged 71, born June 1,1, 1834, in I-in- 

County, Ky., 1857. 
Mrs. Henry W. Twyman. 
John Karry. aged 77. born May 24. 1828. In Ireland. 

came to county in 1858. 
Dennis Hurke. aged 76, born June 17, 1829. in Ire- 
land, came to county In 1865. 
William .McLeod, aged 81, born March 25. 1825. in 

Winchester, Va., came to county in 185S. 
J K. I.ane, aged 70, born October 1, 1834, In Ken- 
tucky, came to county in 1836, 
W. N. Byers, aged 70, born April IS. 1835. in Fayette 

Countv, Pa., came to county in 1854. 
Alvia B. Copeland, aged SO, born March 22, 1825. 

in Green County. Pa., came to county in 1854. 
.i^lfred Copeland. aged SO. born March 22. 1825. In 

Green Countv. Pa., came to coimtv in 1854. 
Mrs. H. G. Martin, aged 82. born March 18. 1823. 

In Miami Countv. Ohio, came to county in 1849, 
S. H. Black, aged 79, born March, 1826, came to 

countv in 1849. 
D. P. VanPelt. aged 88. Good Hope. 
David Campbell, aged 87. Good Hope. 
Dr. A. Hall, aged 02, Good Hope, 
J. T. I^ewis, aged 73, Good Hope, 
James Statler, aged 74, Good Hope, 
S. R. Sapp. aged 74. Good Hope. 
Alexander Snapp, aged 72, Good Hope, 
T. J. Spicer, aged 7fi, Good Hope. 
John Amos, aged SO, Good Hope. 
Hen Murphy, age<l 77, Good Hope, 
Frank uraff. aged 72, Good Hope. 
John Moniger, aged 74, Good Hope, 
J. J. Crrtwder, aged 74, G()Od Hope. 
J. W. Hiatt. aged 70, born August 12, 18.35. In Stoke 

County. N. C, came to county In 1S3S. 
Mrs. Nancy Moore, aged 77. born February 28, 

182S. in Pennsylvania, came to county In 1860. 
H W. Scott and wife, aged 82, Iwrn 1822, in West 

Virginia. 
A. Pisher, born in Illinois. 
I. C. Bridges, aged 80. born August 20. K25, came 

to county In 1830. 
J. H. I'tley. aged 71. born March 21, 1834, came 

to county In 18.52. 
Mrs H K. .\very. age<l 77. 

G. W. Poling, aged 79. born June 12. 1826. In Brook- 
lyn. N. Y.. came to Slate in 1838. 
Mrs. K. H. Murray, born February 1. 1837. came 

to State In 1845. 
James Blazer. age<i 89. came to State 1830. 
Mrs. M. J. Randolph, aged 86. born 1818. came to 

county In 1834. 
Mrs. D. P, Wells, aged 76. born April 30, 1829. In 

Oneida, N. Y.. came to State In 1834. 



Benjamin Morrow and wife, aged 75. born Febrxi- 

ar.v 4. ls,*i(», in Ohio, ciime to State in 1844. 
William H. Morrow, aged 71. born December 26, 

is;t4, in Ohio, came to State 1844. 
J. J. Pierce, aged S9. born 'August 3, 1816, In In- 
diana County. Pa., came to State In 1863. 
Mrs. Marv Germond. aged 8!i, born February 24, 

1816, in New York, came to State 1900. 
Mrs. Charles M. Haw aged 85. born January 17, 
1S20, In Oneida County. N. Y., came to State 1844. 
Mrs, Mary Payne Scudder, aged 72, born Novem- 
ber 15, 1833, In Butler County. Ohio, came to 
State 1854, 
David Hurkhart, aged 81, born April 1, 182,5, in Ford 

C^'ounty, Ind., came to State 1857. 
Joseph \Vatts. aged 71, born Jamuiry 30, 1834, in 

Johnson County, Ind,. came to State 1865, 
Mrs. K. J. Greenui). aged 72, born June 6, 1833, In 

Illinois. 
Mrs. L. Stocker, aged 72, born January 2, lS;i3. In 

Germany, came to State 1853, 
Mrs. Susan M. Porter, aged .S3, bctrn February 22, 

1822, in Massachusetts, came to State 1856. 
James Finch, aged 77, born March 13. 1829, in Vir- 
ginia, came to State 1850. 
John W. Twaddle. age<l 73. born April IS. 1832, in 

Ohio, came to State 1844. 
Marcen M. Twaddle, aged 70. born August 15, 1834, 

Ohio, came to State 1844. 
J. W. Jackson, aged 75. born December 6, 18.30, in 

Virginia, came to State 1836. 
A. J. Flemming. aged 75. born January 27. 18.30. in 

Virginia, came to State 1832. 
William Swearingen. age<i 72. born July 20. 1833, in 

West Virginia, came to State 1852. 
George (Jills, aged 77, born November 20, 1834, In 

Kentucky, came to State 1856. 
P. VanPelt, aged 87, born September 29, 1817, in 

New Jersey, came to State 1.S71. 
William Darlington, aged 77, oorn March 8, 1828, 

in Pennsylvania, came to State 1838. 
Thomas Lamb, aged SO. born December 2. 1S24, in 

Ohio, came to State 1854. 
A. J. Hankins. aged 81. born March 10. 1825, in In- 
diana, came to State 1825. 
John M()urning, aged 73, born March 11, 1832. came 

to State 1856. 
Franklin Clark, aged 73, born February 17. 1833. In 

New York, came to State 1S45. 
Rowan Simmons, aged 70. born April 24, 1836, In 

Kentucky, came to State 1850. 
Simeon Strader. aged .S6. born January 5. 1819. in 

Ohio, came to State ISiJl. 
Wilford Keithley, aged 74, born February 4, 1831, 

in Indiana, came to State 1834. 
D. Chidister, aged 82, born July 10, 1823, in New 

Jersey, came to State 1866. 
Garrett Wayland, aged 72, born November 21, 1833, 

in Illinois. 
Jacob Reedy, aged 70. born December 1. 1834, In 

Ohio, came to State 1856. 
W. R. VanAtta, aged 76, born December 23, 1828, 

in Pennsvlvania. came to State 1866. 
Enoch Hall, aged 73. born March 25, 1832, in Ohio, 

came to State 1855. 
G. H. Cadwallader, aged 70, born July 8, 1835, in 

Illinois. 
David Hawn, aged 83, born April 22, 1822, In Ohio. 

came to State 1854. 
A. Downey, aged 71. born July 11. 1834, In Canada, 

came to State 1840. 
Lewis Wilson, aged 71. born May 10. 1834, in Penn- 
sylvania, came to State 1860. 
J. C. Thompson, aged 78. born January 31, 1827, 

in New Jersey, came to State 1855, 
C, M. Duncan, aged SO, born October 6. 1824. In 

Tennessee, came to State 1830. 
W. W. Hammond, iiged 71. born May 27. 1834. in 

Tennessee, came to State 1855. 
Nathaniel Decker, aged 73, born December 2. 1832, 

in New York, came to State 1849, 
Mrs. Rebecca Henderson, aged 87. born 1818. In 

Ohio. 
Miss Mary Coppage, aged 72, born 1833, In Ten- 
nessee. 
W. H. Neece and wife, aged 74, bom February 2, 

1831, in Illinois. 



784 



HISTORY OF Mcdonough county. 



Mrs. Mary Jenkins, aged 70. 

Robert ('rabh. aged 71. born 1SB4. in Oliio. came 

to State isatl. 
Mrs. John Scott. 
Mrs. S. C. Collins, aged 78. born July 20. 1S22. came 

to county l.StJS. 

F. A. Woodmansee, aged 78. born November S. 
1S27. came to county 1850, 

John T. Miner, aged 85. born September 22. 1820, 

came to county 1S35, 
C. P, McDonald, aged 75, born December 16. 1830. 

came to county 1849. 
B. T. Hartsopk. aged 75. born June 29. 1831, came to 

county 1854. 
A. B. Copeland, aged S3, born March 22, 1825. came 

to county 1854. 
Mrs. H. G. Martin, aged 82, born March IS, \iSi. 

came to county 1849. 
J. P. Johnson, aged 75, slave. 
A. J. 'Wilhelm, aged 72. 
Shadrach Campbell, aged 81. born April 13. 1S24. 

came to State 1828. 
Michael Hume, aged 71, born September 1, 1S34. 

came to State 1863. 
T. B. Wilson, aged 72. born November 24. 1832, came 

to State 1834. 
S. A. Bugg, aged 72, born March, 1833. came to 

State 1852. 
Mr.s. J. Eaton, aged 75, born February 11, 1.830, came 

to State l.S;!4, 

G. W. Welch, aged 76. born August 28, 1829, came 
to State 1849. 

William Miller, aged 75. born August 20. 18.50. came 

to State 1854. 
O. W. Hinman. aged 70. born May 18. 1835, came 

to State 1856. 
George Mordue, aged 73, born September 29. 1831. 

came to State 1857. 
William H. Champ, aged 70. born March 1. 1835, in 

Illinois. 
J. \V. Oakman. aged 76, born March 15, 1S29. in 

Pennsylvania, came to State 1855. 
Mrs. M. J. Randoljjh, aged S7, born 1818. in Ken- 
tucky, came to State l.S^J6, 
Peter McBride. aged 72, born December 16, 1832, 

in Ohio, came to State 1852. 
Darius L. Sutherlatid, aged 77. born November 11. 

isas, in Maine, came to State 1856. 
Wellington Kennedy, aged 75, born August 7, 1S30, 

in Kentucky, came to State 1S4S. 
Miles Schnatterly, aged 70, born September 12, 1833. 

in Pennsylvania, came to county 1870. 
Jacob Grim, aged 74, born April 1. 1S26. came to 

county 1853. 
Hugh McMillan, aged 74, born March 15. 1831. in 

Scotland, came to county 1848, 
John Easton, aged 73, born 1S32 in England, came 

to State 1855, 
O. T. Walker, aged 75, born March 30. 18.30, in In- 
diana, came to county 18.32, 
Mrs. H. C. Mullen, aged 76, born May 12. 1829. came 

to county 1860. 
Franklin Clark, aged 73. born February. 1832. 

Romantic Indi.\n Suicide. — There are sui- 
cides and suicides, but the following account of 
the self-api>ointed death of, perhaps, the last 
native Red Man of McDonough County to be 
buried within its limits, combines unusual ele- 
ments of pathos, humor and romance. The 
story is told by .Tames Shannon, an early pio- 
neer: 

"Years and years ago there occurred 
an incident in the lite of one of McDonough's 
early pioneers which he afterward told to me, 
and which I will always remember. I will let 
you draw your own conclusion of the truthful- 
ness of the narrative, but as far as I know 



there is every reason to believe the old gentle- 
man told the truth. His name 1 will not men- 
tion. 

"When the Indians left this country, going 
westward from the approach of civilization, 
there was one old warrior who was particu- 
larly attached to this section, which had been 
his home before the pale-face ever imagined 
a land with the wealth this iwssessed. This 
one Indian was the last of the Red Men to 
live in this county. He was too old to think 
of seeking the new hunting grounds of the 
West with the younger members of his tribe. 
He was like all the rest of us. He wanted, 
when his time came, to be laid to rest in his 
own native country. So this Indian stayed 
and made his home with an old pioneer and 
his family who, although they have gone to 
their rest, are still remembered by the older 
citizens of this city and county. 

"One day the pioneer and his Indian, who 
was a helper in clearing oft the timber to make 
room for the raising of the ever-increasin.g 
crops, were about to cut down one of the gi- 
gantic trees of the forest when the Indian 
stepped up and said he would climb up and 
cut off a large limb where there was thought 
to be some honey. The request was granted, 
and the old chief climbed the tree like a buck 
of twenty years and commenced cutting on 
the limb, probably fifty feet above the ground. 

"As the Indian worked he stepped on the 
outer side and continued to chop. The farmer 
warned him that he would fall with the limb 
and probably meet his death, but the old 
savage kept on at his work In his own way. 
Just as the limb was about to fall he turned 
to the farmer and said, 'You have been a true 
friend to me and I will tell you of a .great 
secret. The barrel of gold that your govern- 
ment gave my leople was buried on your land, 
as we knew we would have no use for money 
in a land where money is unknown. I was 
left here to guard it and it has never been 
touched; find it and you will be as rich as the 
richest.' The farmer begged him to tell him 
where the money was hid, but the Red Man 
only smiled, .gave the limb another chop, and 
came down with it with a crash, breathing his 
last in the farmer's arms. And this last Mc- 
Donough County Indian was buried beneath 
the fateful tree, which still stands. Though 
the farmer made several efforts to locate this 



HISTORY OF Mcdonough couxty. 



785 



immense wea'th he was unsuccessful. He has 
now gone to his reward, but some time before 
his death he took me to this tree and told me 
this tragic tale. Although he had been un- 
successful in his hunt, he believe<i the money 
was still on his farm. How much, there is 
no way of telling, but if the present owners 
of this plot of ground, worth $150 per acre 
for farming pur|)oses alone, knew of this story, 
they would, no doubt, turn their farm into a 
mining prospect and soon have a i-egular hon- 
eycomb in place of a rich farm." 

How Lincoln Got His Troop.s Ovkk the 
Fenck. — Through the Hon. Tom Henderson, of 
Princeton, late member of Congress, comes 
the following story, which is another illustra- 
tion of l.,inc()ln's fertility of resources: It seems 
that during the Douglas debates, in 1,S.5S, Mr. 
Henderson was conveying Lincoln from Prince- 
ton to a neighboring town, where the latter 
was advertised to speak. As they proceeded 
on their journey the future President observed 
that he had been through that section of the 
country some years before, when he was in 
command of a company of troops during the 
Black Hawk War. While his troops were 
tramping northward, he said, to the seat of 
war. they encountered a fence which lay di- 
rectly across their line of march. As they ap- 
proached it Captain Lincoln, who was more 
versed in civil law than in military tactics, 
was rapidly considering how he should get him- 
self and his boys over the fence in regulation 
style. - .\t last, being unable to recall the 
proper military order to accomplish the move- 
ment, he shouted, "Boys, break ranks. You are 
dismissed, to meet on the other side of the 
fence, in five minutes — there to form in order 
of company." The boys did so, and the ob- 
stacle was passed, although with perhaps the 
same loss of military dignity as accompanied 
Lincoln's recital of the circumstance. 

"Onk" on .IiiMJK Hkmikk. — Elijah Wayland. a 
noted wag and still living, rather got the bet- 
ter of the late .ludge HIgbee. who was a lead- 
ing attorney of the McDonough County bar, 
and particularly excelled in drawing from a 
witness all there was in the case. The suit 
was brought by the Railroad against Willis Way- 
land, the father of Elijah, and Mr. Higbee was 
the attorney for the plaintiff. During the trial. 



Elijah, who was then a lad, was called upon 
for the especial purpose of ascertaining if his 
father could read. The son promptly answered 
that his father could not, and further ques- 
tioning brought out other details. In the 
cross-examination Judge Higbee quietly, and 
with seeming indifference, asked the boy if 
his father used any books. With equal prompt- 
ness Elijah answered, yes; that his father 
used the family Bible on Sunday mornings. 
The Judge at once called his attention to the 
fact that he had already testified that the old 
gentleman could not read. With seeming inno- 
cence. Elijah answered that his father never 
read the Bible; but he found its leather covers 
pretty good for razor straps when he was about 
to shave on Sunday mornings. The laugh 
which followed was general and hearty, and no 
one entered with more zest into the joke than 
did Judge Higbee. 



CH.\PTF.R .X.WII. 



NOTED VISITORS AND RESIDENTS. 



niSTlNIM ISHKIl MKN WHO H.WK VI.SITKIl M'oON- 
OI-(;n COUNTY — ULYS.SES S. ORANT, ANDREW 
.TOHN.SON, RUTHEBbXJRn B. HAYES, WH.LIAM 
M'KINI.EY .VN;i THEOnORE ROOSE\T';l.T ON THE LIST 
— LINCOLN, nol'CU.AS, COL. E. n. BAKER, LYMAN 
TRIMKILL. .SCHUYI.EK COLFAX, TOM CORWIN, 
RICHARD ,1. .OCI.E.SBY. WAR GOVERNOR RICHARD 
YATES. .SHELBY M. CULLOM AND OTHERS WHO 
HAVE ADDRESSED M'DONOI'CH COUNTY AI'DIKNCES 
— LIST OK MOST NOTED RESIDENTS. 

While Macomb is but a small interior city, it 
has been honored with visits from many men 
of national reputation. It would be difficult 
to give dates, but the circumstances, which 
are of more importance, are. reproduced. 

Ulysses S. Grant, .\ndrew Johnson, Ruther- 
ford B. Hayes. William McKinley and Theo- 
dore Roosevelt, Presidents of the United 
States, have all made short addresses at Ma 
comb. On two occasions Abraham Lincoln 
addressed large audiences here. 



786 



HISTORY OF McDONUUGH COUNTY. 



Colonel E. D. Baker, member of Congress 
from this district and one of the most brilliant 
men connected with the history of the country, 
visited Macomb on more than one occasion. 
He was afterward United States Senator from 
Oregon, and in 1861 resigned to enter the 
army, being killed in action at Ball's Bluff. 

Stephen A. Douglas, as a member of the 
Supreme Court, presided over the Circuit Court 
of this county, his name frequently appearing 
in its records. He was afterward elected to 
Congress and to the United States Senate, and 
was Lincoln's opponent in the great joint dis- 
cussion of 1858, as well as the Democratic 
candidate for the Presidency in 1860. 

Senator Trumbull was in the city on several 
occasions, when a candidate for the United 
States Senate and the Governorship. Previ- 
ous to the Civil War he was a Democrat, was 
subsequently elected to the United States Sen- 
ate as an opponent of the Kansas-Nebraska 
Act and as a Republican, and continued to 
support that party until 1872, when he a?ain 
became associated with the Democratic party. 

Vice-President Schuyler Colfax twice visited 
the city, one of the lectures which he deliv- 
ered being his celebrated address on Abraham 
Lincoln. 

Hon. Tom Corwin, the "wagon boy," of Ohio, 
and one of the most eloquent and humorous 
members of Congress, was here during a gen- 
eral election campaign, and made one of his 
characteristic speeches to an immense audi- 
ence. 

Gen. Phil Sheridan and Gen. William T. 
Sherman were in the city and each addressed 
large audiences. 

"Uncle Dick," Richard .1. Oglesby, spoke in 
this city on several occasions. With its peo- 
ple he was always the most popular candidate 
for Governor, or any other office he desired. 
"Dick" was three times elected Governor, once 
United States Senator, and was a General 
in the Civil War, being wounded at the battle 
of Corinth. In every way he was a stanch, 
loyal American, and thoroughly beloved by the 
citizens of Illinois. 

Richard Yates, Sr., the War Governor, was 
a visitor to Macomb. He was elected to the 
gubernatorial chair in 1860, served one term 
and at its close was elected United States Sena- 
tor. He was also called by his friends "Dick, ' 
and proved one of the most loyal and energetic 



Governors in the United States. He provided 
well for the Illinois Volunteers, and often visit- 
ed the soldiers in their camps and fields of 
battle. 

Senator Shelby M. CuUom has many times 
addressed McDonough County audiences, and 
is much beloved by its people, who believe him 
to be a man of great personal integrity and a 
statesman of the first class. 

Governors Fifer, Tanner, Yates (the young- 
er) and Deneen have often addressed the citi- 
zens of Macomb and McDonough County, and 
have always received the hearty support of its 
citizens. 

Orville H. Browning, late of Quincy, and a 
member of President Johnson's Cabinet as head 
of the Interior Department, practiced before 
the courts of McDonough County. He was an 
elegant gentleman, always friendly and polite, 
and at the same time a profound lawyer. 

Robert G. Ingersoll, the noted lecturer and 
lawyer, attended the Circuit Court, and was 
much admired for his professional ability. 

William J. Bryan, Democratic candidate for 
the Presidency in 1900. addressed the people 
of this city during the campaign, and Senators 
Hopkins and Mason have both delivered 
speeches on political issues. 

Noted Residents. — McDonough County has 
had many prominent citizens within its borders 
who have held high rank in the State Legislature 
and National Congress, and made brilliant and 
substantial records as lawyers and jurists. 
Among the first in law was T. Lyle Dickey, 
Judge of the State Supreme Court, who stud- 
ied law under Cyrus Walker and opened his 
first office in Macomb. 

In the days of the early settlement of the 
county and State, Cyrus Walker was the lead- 
ing member of the Illinois bar, and for several 
years maintained that position. He was learn- 
ed in the law, and had a thorough knowledge 
of men and measures. 

Plnckney H. Walker, who for over a quarter 
of a century was Chief Justice of the Supreme 
Court of Illinois, began his legal career in Ma- 
comb, and was afterward Judge of the Circuit 
Court of the county. He was accounted one 
of the leading Judges in the West. 

Damon G. Tunnicliff, for many years one of 
the leading attorneys of the county bar, was 
elevated to the bench of the Illinois Supreme 



HISTORY OF McDONOUGH COUNTY. 



787 



Court, in which position he acquitted himself 
with honor to the State and county. 

Hon. William H. Neece, one of the oldest 
members of the bar. has served in both Houses 
of the State Legislature, in the last State Con- 
stitutional Convention and two terms in Con- 
gress. Like most of the early settlers he en- 
joyed but few educational opportunities, but 
by his perseverance and indomitable will, he 
became one of the leading members of the bar, 
and still occupies that position. 

Hon. .). Ross Mickey was Judge of the County 
Court for a number of years, and. while on 
the bench, was elected to the National House 
of Representatives, serving one term in Con- 
gress to the entire satisfaction of his constitu- 
ents. He is still a member of the McDonou.gh 
County bar. 

Hon. 1. X. Pearson was for years Circuit 
Clerk, and served one session in each branch 
of the General Assembly, this service being 
followed by his election for one term as Secre- 
tary of State. In every ijosition which he has 
filled he has acquitted himself honorably and 
ably, and is now living in the esteemed retire- 
ment to which his long and faithfully per- 
formed services entitle him. 

Hon. Lawrence Y. Sherman, a prominent 
and learned attorney, began his legal practice 
in Macomb, and soon forged to the front ranks 
He served for years as County Judge and four 
consecutive terms as Representative in the 
State Legislature, being Speaker of the House 
for two terms. In 1904 he was elected Lieu- 
tenant-Governor on the ticket with Governor 
Deneen. Throughout his life. Mr. Sherman has 
demonstrated what can be accomi)lished by a 
persevering, ambitious man, under adverse cir- 
cumstances. 

Alexander McLean, for the past thirty years 
one of the Trustees of the University of Illi- 
nois and for some years President of the 
Board, was chosen Presidential Elector on the 
Republican ticket in ISTfi and selected as the 
messenger to carry to Washington the electoral 
vote of Illinois in laor of Riitherford H. 
Hayes for President. For four years he served 
as Mayor of the city of Macomb. 

Hon. C. V. Chandler, a native of the city, is 
President of the Bank of .Macomb, and for 
many years was one of the Republican leaders 
in Illinois. He served one term in the Legis- 



lature, and proved to be an efficient business 
member. 

Hon. H. R. Bartleson, a i)rominent Democrat 
of the county, served one term in the State 
Legislature, and with his usual industry and 
ability, took an active part in its business. 

These are some of the more prominent citi- 
zens of the county, whose records and person- 
alities are worthy of remembrance. 



CH.^l'TER .\X\ 111. 



FRATKRNAL 0RGA.\IZAT10.\3— CLUBS. 



SKl'KET .\.M) SCK'IAL ORliAXIZATIONS I.N m'|)0\OU<;11 
<'Ol NTY — .MASONIC AND Kl.MlKKU OKDKKS — 
KMClIT.'s TE.Ml'I.AK AM) ItoYAI AHCH MASONS — 

INDKI'KXDENT ORDEK <)I' ODII l-KLI.OWS KNKillTS 

OK I'VrillAS — CKAM) AK.MY III- THE KEI>UI)LIC AND 

WO.MAN's KEI.IEF COKI'.S MI.SCEI.I.ANEOUS OR- 

DEHS REI.KilOlS, SOCIAL AXI) IIIISINESS CH'BS. 

Following is a list of the princii)al secret and 
fraternal societies, social and business clubs 
of .McDonough County, classified under the 
names of cities and towns with which they are 
respectively identified: 

.MAl-OMB ORGAXIZ..\TIONS. 

.Masonic Lods;e No. 17, A. F. & A. M.. was or- 
.ganized under a dispensation issued January 30, 
1S43, to Charles Hays, llezin .Naylor. James 
Chandler. Jr., John .Anderson. Thomas J. Smith, 
.Alexander Simpson and O. M. Hoagland. The 
first meeting was held February 24, 1843, when 
there were present Levi Lusk, S. G. W. M., 
and W. M. pro tem., with the following officers: 
Charles Hays. S. W.: James Chandler. Jr., J. 
W.: .John Anderson, Secy.; James M. Walker, 
Treas. : Rezin Naylor, S. D. ; Thomas Siiiithers, 
J. n.: George H. Rice. Tyler, and Thomas A. 
Mrooking. The first regular officers installed 
were: Rezin Naylor. W. M.: Charles Hays, 
S. W. ; James Chandler. Jr., J. W. Cyrus 
Walker, one of the eminent lawyers of this 
State, was the first member initiated, which 



■788 



HISTORY OF Mcdonough county. 



occiured at tnis first meeting. At a meeting 
held February 25, petitions were received from 
Pinliney H. Walker (who afterward, for more 

, than twenty-tive years, was a .Judge of the Su- 
preme Court of Illinois), William Ervin and 

. Joseph E. Wyne, and the second and third de- 
grees were conferred on Cyrus A. Lawson, one 
-of the principal merchants of Macomb. The 
lodge received its charter dated October 2, 1843. 
The following persons have held the office of 
W. M. of the lodge: James Chandler, Joseph 
E. Wyne, Piniiney H. Walker, William Ervin. 

• Thomas Brooking, James B. Kyle, J. L. N. Hall. 

' C. N. Harding. C. S. Churchill, Albert Eads. 

. J. H. Puhr, William C. Johnson, C. A. Flack 

: and A. F. Fisher. There may have been others 
not now remembered. In 1867 a few members, 
headed by Drs. Kyle and Hammond, petitioned 
tor charter U. D.. which was granted and 
named Kyle Lodge, .\fter an existence of about 
ten years, this organization surrendered its 
charter and a large majority of its members 
returned to the parent lodge. The present 
membership is upward of 150, and the condition 
of the lodge is most excellent. It' owns a beau- 
tiful bi-ick block, three stories in height, within 
which is a neatly fitted-up lodge-room. The 
building, 26 by SO feet, was erected in 18S1. 
The lower rooms are occupied as a store and 
offices. The interior is finely frescoed, pan- 

. eled with .Masonic emblems, and overhead in 
the east end is a well proijortioned arch with 

. appropriate motto. The ceiling is studded with 
stars representing the starry heavens. The 
lodge-room proper is 26 by 60 feet in size, with 

■ examination and ante-rooms. The present offi- 
cers are: L. W. Johnson. W. .VI.: S. P. Oden- 
-weller, S. W.: Charles .Martin, J. W.; W. E. 
Dudraan, Secy.: J. W. Wyne, Treas.: and 
George Holmes, Tyler. 

Morse Chapter No. 19, Royal Arch Masons, 
was organized under dispensation in August, 
1854, and the first meeting was held August 
28. The following is a list of the original 
members: G. M. Huggins. William Ervin, J. L. 
N. Hall, James B. Kyle. Cyrus A. Lawson. J. 
M. Westfall, Thomas I. Garrett, Ralph Harris. 
O. M. Hoagland, Charles Hayes and D. G. Tun- 
nicliff. Of these not one is now living. The 
first officers were: Ralph Harris, M. E. H. P.: 
James B. Kyle, E. K.; Cyrus A. Lawson, E. S.: 
■G. M. Huggins, C. H.: J. L. N. Hall, P. S.: Wil- 
liam Ervin, R. A. C; I. M. Westfall. M. F. V.: 



Charles Hays, M. S. V.; D. G. Tunnicliff, S.; 
Thomas 1. Garrett, G. The Chapter at present 
has over 100 members, and has been known 
since its organization as one of the best in the 
State, and still continues in a flourishing con- 
dition. The present officers are: W. C. John- 
son, H. P.: T. McFadden, King: S. P. Oden- 
weller. Scribe: A. L. Brockway, Treas.; B. T. 
Whitson. Secy.: T. H. Mapes, C. of H.; W. E. 
Dudman, P. S.; J. E. Norton, R. A. C: W. R. 
Jenkins. M. of 3d V.; E. McLean. C. of 1st V.; 

A. E. Purdum. C. of 2d V.: N. L. Butcher, Tyler. 
Macomb Commandery .\'o. 61, Knights Tem- 
plar, was organized U. D. December IS. 1891, 
by S. O. Spring, Grand Commander, the follow- 
ing constituting the first membership: Albert 
Eads, William C. Johnson, Lorentus A. Penny- 
witt, Alexander McLean. Lawrence Y. Sher- 
man, Edmund Lawrence. Thomas M. Hall, 
James Statler, William Prentiss, Reuben Pow- 
ell. James O. Peasley. Q. C. Ward, .Abraham 
Horrocks, I. N. Pearson, N. H. Jackson, Joseph 

B. Bacon, H. R. Patterson, J. L. Bailey, E. A. 
Lane. J. W. Booth, S. D. Mills, William W. 
Smith. A. Fisher, J. M. Jackson, Samuel Park 
and H. B. Slkes. The first conclave was held 
December 18, 3891, with the following officers: 
Albert Eads, E. C: William C. Johnson, G.; 
L. A. Pennywitt, C. G.: J. L. Bailey. P.: J. O. 
Peasley, S. W.; L. Y. Sherman, J. W.: Q. C. 
Ward, Treas.: Alexander McLean, Recorder; 
H. R. Bartleson, Standard Bearer; Louis Stock- 
er. Sword Bearer; E. A. Lane, Warden, and Ed. 
Lawrence, Sentinel. 

On November IS, 1S92. R. E. G. C, J. P. 
Sherman, as proxy for the Grand Commander. 
was present and presented a regular charter 
for the Commandery dated October 27. 1892, 
and the Commandery was declared duly insti- 
tuted. At this meeting the officers, as stated 
above, were duly elected and apiwlnted; with 
the addition of Trustees, who were A. Eads. 
W. C. Johnson. L. W. Pennywitt, A. K. Lodge 
and C. V. Chandler. This Commandery now 
numbers 130 members, and has been an active 
and prosperous organization to the present 
time. The present officers are: James W. Bai- 
ley, E. C: William C. .Johnson, G.; L. W. John- 
son. C. G.; F. Y. Vernon. S. W.; J. L. Scott, 
J. W. ; A. Fisher. P.; A. L. Brockway, Treas.; 
Alexander McLane, Recorder. The appointed 
officers are W. E. Dudman. Warder; A. A. 
Messmore. Standard Bearer: E. .\. Lane. Sword 



HISTORY OF M(DOK()UGH COUNTY. 



789- 



Hearer; N. L. Riitcher, Sentinel; and Sir 
Knights J. W. Bailey. William C. Johnson. L. 
W. .Johnson, A. Eads and F. R. K.vle. Trustees. 

Macomb Chapter No. 123, Order of Eastern 
Star. A. F. & A. M., was organized February 20, 
ISSS. by \V. O. Itutler. D. D. G. M. W. The 
first oflirers were as follows: Sister Mary C. 
Eads. W. .Matron; .\lbert Eads. W. Patron; 
Mrs. Mina I.«dge, A, M.; .Mary E. Bailey, Con- 
ductress; .Mrs. William Odell, Treas.. and Bro. 
R. W. Bailey, Secy. From its organization this 
was an active and enthusiastic Chapter, and 
continues as such to the present time, having 
nearly IdO members. The present officers are: 
Sister Henrietta Campbell, W. Matron; Bro. 
W. R. .lenUins. W. Patron: Sister Idella Rex- 
roat. .Associate Matron; Mrs. Uriah Flack. Con- 
ductress; Eugenia Henderson, Associate Con- 
ductress; Mrs. Emily Adcock. Treas., and Miss 
.lennie Norton. Secy. Regular meetings are 
held on the fourth Friday of each month. 

Military Tract Lodge No. 14,5, I. O. O. P.. 
was organized October 12. 1854. with the fol- 
lowing charter members: I. M. Westfall, I. M. 
Major. .Abrani Rowe. V. H. Weaver, James Stu- 
art. Samuel Bunker and J. B. Pearson, all of 
whom have passed over the river. The present 
membership numbers over 250, and it has been 
one of the most efficient working lodges in the 
State. It has a three-story brick building erect- 
ed on the north side of the Pul)lic Square, 22x 
70 feet, completed in October. 1SS4. and on the 
third floor it has a beautiful lodge room, with 
tasteful decorations, properly displaying the 
emblems of the order. It is under contempla- 
tion to enlarge the building by adding one story 
to the store-room adjoining. The present offi- 
cers are: Ira Miller, N. G.; Guy Lemnier, V. 
G.; W. H. Wilson, Secy.; P. C. Campbell, Treas. 

Washington Encampment No. 39, I. O. O. F.. 
was instituted March 25. 1S57, by A. C. Marsh, 
P. C. P., with the following charter members: 
1. M. Westfall. A. G. Burr, William S. •Bailey, 
Charles W. Dallam, W. L. Imes. B. F. Broad- 
dus and J. W. Atkinson. The first officers 
were: 1. .\1. Westfall. C. P.; J. W. Blount, H. 
P.; B. F. Broaddus. S. W.; C. M. Ray, J. W.; 
J. W. Atkinson. Secy.: A. G. Burr. Treas. The 
first initiates were: Joseph W. Blount. .loseph 
Head, V. H. Weaver and C. M. Ray. For many 
years this was a prosperous working organiza- 
tion, but of late years it has languished. At 
present writing, it is having a revival of inter- 



est, and will yet be a good working body. .Ml 
the charter members, save A. G. Burr, have 
gone to their reward. Its present officers are: 
Alexander McLean, C. P.; D. Knai)p, Secy., and 
F. Smith, Lodge Deputy. 

Montrose Lodge No. 104, Knights of Pythias, 
was organized in May, 1SS2, under dispensation. 
On October IH. of the same year, a charter was 
granted to the following members: C. V. Chan- 
dler, A. K. Lodge. C. H. Whitaker, J. M. Down- 
ing, I. N. Pearson, G. H. Wyne, Charles Mai)es, 
R. Leach, J. E. Lane, George Trubel, George- 
Gadd, G. W. Willis, C. Mustain. E. A. Lane. W. 

E. Martin. W. F. Wells, G. W. Howard. K. 'I". 
Qiiinn. Fred Newland. C. .\. Ross. William Ra- 
gon. Duncan McLean. R. l.«iwrence. G. C Trull. 
William Venable. J. S. Gash, P. H. Garrettson. 

B. F. Randolph. I. Fellheimer. J. L. Baily. .M. P. 
Agnew. D. M. Graves, J. M. Ervin, T. Philpot,. 
D. Ray, J. L. Wilson, C. J. James, G. W. Bailey. 
M. OMara, F. Ralston and C. W. Dines. This 
has always been a wholesome, working lodge, 
and numbers nearly two hundred members. 
The present officers are: Ed. McGuire. C. C. ; 
Clarence Imes, V. C: Fred Ralston. K. of R. 
and S. ; Frank Hunter, M. of Ex.; Martin Price, 
M. of Fin.; George Hoskinson. Prelate; S. 
Churchill, M. of Arms. 

Rebecca Degree Lodge No. 342. I. O. O. F., 
has been in existence for over ten years. Pres- 
ent officers: Miss Lottie Randolph. N. G.; Mrs. 

C. B. Smithers, V. G.; .Mrs. Thomas Lush, 
Secy.; Mrs. C. B. Smithers. Rec. Secy., and 
John F. Shannon. Treas. 

Macomb Lodge No. 29. A. O. U. W., was or- 
ganized November 23. 1876. by M. W. Newton, 

D. D. G. M. W.. with the following charter 
members: W. F. Bayne. B. J. Head. W. J. 
Boyd. I. N. Pearson. J. B. Venard. N. Butcher. 
James Knapp. A. V. Brooking. Charles Kline,. 
Joseph S. Gamage, Alexander McLean, L. W. 
Scott, Dr, V. McDavitt. Leroy Cannon, S. P. 
Brewster, H. A. Tuggle, B. T. Whitson. T. W. 
Willis, W. F. King. H. K, Smith, L. A. Ross. A. 
L. Stowell. J. P. Karr. M. H. Case, J, W. Yeast, 
C. H. Hays. L. A. Hoopes. A. Holmes, and C. 

F. Westfall. The first officers were: W. F. 
Bayne, P. M. W.; Alexander .McLean. M. W.; 
Charles Kline. F.: J. S. Gamage, O.; I. N. Pear- 
son. Rec. Sec; D. Knapp. Fin. Secy.; B. F. 
Head. Receiver; J. W. Venard, O. W.; L. W. 
Scott, I. W.; Brooking, McDavitt and Shatterly 
as Trustees. This for many years was one of 



790 



HISTORY OF xMcDONOUGH COUNTY. 



the most prosperous working lodges in the 
State, but for the past five years has lan- 
guished, and now but few members belong to 
the lodge. The present officers are: Alexander 
McLean, Master Workman: David Knapp, Fi- 
nancial and Recording Secretary: and .J. P. 
Campbell, Treasurer. 

McDonough Post No. 103, Grand Army of 
the Republic, was organized August S. 1881, 
with the following as original members: J. B. 
Venard, T. J. Martin, G. L. Farwell, R. Law- 
rence, N. A. Chapman, ,1. E. Lane, J. C. Em- 
mons, R. R. McMullen, William Venable, J. C. 
McClellan, S. Frost, K. McClintock, W. G. Mc- 
Clellan, .T. T. Russell, .J. M. Hume, E. A. Lane, 
J. A. Gordon, F. Newland, F. A. Luthey, J. Fos- 
ter, T. J. Farley, I. C. Hillyer and M. M. Mc- 
Donough. The first officers were: William 
Venable, Commander; R. R. McMullen, Senior 
Vice-Commander; T. .J. Farley, Junior Vice- 
Commander; S. Frost, Chaplain; R. Lawrence, 
Q. M.; G. L. Farwell, Officer of Day; \V. A. Chap- 
man, Officer of Guard; W. G. McClellan, Adju- 
tant; .1. M. Hume, S. M.; and T. J. Martin, Q. 
M. S. This has proved to be a good, working 
branch of the G. A. R., and its membershij) 
has steadily increased. The present officers 
are: Albert E. Bads, Commander; W. J. Frank- 
lin, S. V. C; James Eyre, J. V. C; George W. 
Reid, Chaplain; Nat Decker, Officer of the Day; 
C. n. Teal, Q. M.; A. B. Campbell, Adjutant; S. 
Thompson, J. Adjt.; Orin Peck, Surgeon; and 
William Lephart, Officer of Guard. 

McDonough Ix>dge No. 34, Woman's Relief 
Corps, of Macomb, was organized January, 18S6, 
with the following list of officers: Elizabeth 
Eyre, President; Hester Morgan, S. V. Prest.; 
Adelaide HoUenbeck. J. V. Prest.; Albertine 
Martin, Secy.; Rebecca Maguire, Treas.; Mary 
Ruckle, Chaplain: Anna Stodgell, Conductor; 
Sarah Peck, Guard; Anna Loman, P. Inst.; Jen- 
nie Dill, Press Cor.; Color Bearers, Lucy Kel- 
lough, Sarah Stowell and Martha Hillyer. 
Meetings are held on the fourth Friday of each 
month. 

Loyal Americans. — Macomb Assembly No. 
196 of this order meets on the second and 
fourth Tuesdays of each month. It is a mutual 
benefit order. 

Mutual Protective League. — Phoenix Council 
No. 520, M. P. L., meets on the first and third 
Tuesdays of each month. 

Mystic Workers of the World. — Macomb 



Ivodge No. 160, of this order, meets on the first 
and third Thursdays of each month in the G. A 
R. Hall. 

American Mutual Benefit Association. — Ma- 
comb Local Council No. 19 meets in the G. A. 
R. Hall on call of the officers. 

Benevolent Protective Order of Elks. — Ma- 
comb Lodge No. 1009, B. P. O. E., meets on 
Friday evening, at Elks' Hall on the east side 
f)f the Public Square. 

BUSHNELL. 

T. .1. Pickett Lodge No. 307, A. F. & A. M.. 
of Bushnell, was organized January 15, 1859, 
with the following members: J. H. Smith, J. 
Seaburn, Hiram Conover, J. W. Kelly, J. Ewald. 
J. Wells, W. Keims, R. Lindsay and E. P. Liv- 
ingston. The lodge-room is well fitted for Ma- 
sonic work, being 45x50 feet. This has always 
been a vigorous and healthy working lodge. 
The present officers are: M. L. Walker, W. M.; 
Ira Applegate, S. W.; A. H. Mitchell, J. W.; 
James Hudson, Treas.; J. H. Johnson, Secy. 

Bushnell Lodge No. 322, I. O. O. F., was or- 
ganized in November, 1865, with the following 
members: G. C. Ridings, J. B. Cummings, I. N. 
Pearson, Charles West, W. W. Travis. John 
Willis, E. J. Dunlap, George Schaffer, F. C. 
Grimm, Thomas Fairman and J. Stoke. The 
first officers were: J. B. Cummings, N. G.; G. 
C. Ridings, V. G.; I. N. Pearson, R. S.; Charles 
West. P. S.; and J. Willis, Treas. The lodge 
has an excellent and well-furnished room for 
meetings. The present officers are: George 
W. Cole, N. G.; W. J. Nessell, V. G.; B. W. Ir- 
vin. Secy.; J. A. Devore, Fin. Secy.; and James 
McDill, Treas. 

McDonough Encampment No. 79, I. O. O. F.. 
was organized in Bushnell, October 23. 1867, 
with the following charter members: J. B. 
Cummings, J. P. Dinimitt, G. C. Ridings, I. N. 
Pearson, S. L. Abbott, J. A. James, G. A. Kai- 
ser, F,C. Grimm, J. Cole and J. E. Miller. The 
first officers were: J. B. Cummings, C. P.; G. 
C. Ridings, H. P.; J. P. Dimmitt, S. W.; I. N. 
Pearson, J. W.; J. A. James, Scribe; and S. L. 
Abbott, Treas. The present officers are: Jesse 
Ingram. C. P.; George W. Cole. H. P.; J. W. 
Madison, Rec. Scribe; C. D. Ba.ighman. Fin. 
Scribe; D. C. Neft, Treas. 

Bushnell Uniform Degree Encampment No. 
15 was organized in January, 1883. The first 
officers were: J. B. Pearson, Commander; 



ifisTORY oi" Mcdonough county. 



791 



Thomas Fiiiiman. Vice-Coinniaiuier; J. D. Mur- 
phy. Officer of the Guard; .). K. Cummings, Sec- 
retary, and G. A. Kaiser, Treasurer. We are 
unadvised as to the present condition of the 
orsanization. 

Chevalier Ijodge No. 101, Knights of Pythias, 
of l?ushnell, was organized October IS. 1.SS2, 
with the following charter members: J. Her- 
ring. J. Krisbee. T. H. B. Camp, L. O. Gould. 
M. L. Walker, T. F. Seibert, .1. B. Chandler. 
J. Varner. G. .M. Rose, T. .1. Sorter, A. H. Mc- 
Gahan. .M. .1. .lohnson, J. D. V. Kelly, D. E. 
ZooU. A. T. .VIcElvain. M. L. Hoover. H. H. Ro- 
i:ian. .1. W. Parks. E. K. Westfall. A. W. Van 
Dyko. L. Schamp, T. H. Morton. J. C. Thoni|)- 
son. Ira .\pplegate. H. T. Clarke, J. C. Cad- 
wallader. H. .M. Harrison. S. H. Parvin. C. T. 
Coulter. A. U. Cooper. .1. F. Cowgill. W. M. 
Scott. A. Reed. W. Pontifex, C. S. Bird, G. M. 
Ball. .J. M. Rail. H. Kaiser, E. Durst, W. H. Wil- 
son. .1. W. Hayes, C. C. Branson, C. J. Mariner 
and H. L. Benson. The first officers were: A. 
H. .McGahan, P. C: T. J. Sorter, C. C: .1. Her- 
ring, V. C; Rev. S. H. Parvin, P.; T. T. Sei- 
bert. M. of E.: M. L. Walker. M. of P.: T. H. B. 
Camp. K. of R. and S.; ,1. F. Cowgill, M. of A.: 
M. L. Hoover, I. G.: C. F. Coulton, O. G. It Is a 
good working lodge. The present officers are: 
A. W. Sperry, C. C: E. G. Russler. V. C; W. H. 
H. Miller. Prelate; Ira Phillips, M. of A.; C. E. 
Oblander. K. of R. and S.; E. Durst. .M. of 
Fin.; T. H. Wheeler, M. of E. ; Harry Voorhee*. 
I. G.; .1. C. Young. O. G. 

Ph(Enix I.K)dge No. 17, A. O. U. W.. located 
at Bushnell. organized October 2, 1876, with 
thirty-two members. The first officers were: 
G. A. Kaiser. P. W. M.: Charles West, M. W.; 
T. Fairman. Foreman; .1. Leib. Overseer; O. C. 
Hick. Rec. ; W. A. S|)ader. Fin. Secy.; F. Craig. 
Receiver; H. D. Brooks. G.; C. Xessel, I. W.; 
C. E. Weyman. O. W. This lodge has been on 
the wane for several years and scarcely has a 
working organization. 

Carter Van Vleck Post Xo. 174. G. A, R., at 
Bushnell. was organized .lanuary :?. 1.SS3. with 
forty-six charter members. The following offi- 
cers were elected: J. B. Pearson, Cora.; C. C. 
Morse. S. V. C; A. E. Barnes. J. V. C; E. F. 
Currier. Adjt.: H. H. Nance. Q. AI.; .1. Living- 
ston, O. of D.; and W. F. Wilson. Chaplain. 
The present officers are: Christopher Wetzel. 
Commander; L. J. Barber, S. V. C; William 
Swartz. .1. V. C; J. M. Gale, Chaplain; J. C. 



Young, Adjt.; E. K. Westfall, Surgeon; Peter 
Klein, O. M.; John Stine, Officer of the Day. 

BLANDINSVILLE. 

Blandinsville Lodge No. 233. A. F. & .\. M.. 
was organized October 7. 1S.57, with the follow- 
ing charter members and first officers: R. D. 
Hammond. W. M.; .1. E. Hudson, S. W. ; Henry 
G. liristow, J. W.; C. Gillan. Secy.; C. A. Hume, 
Treas.; W. F. Frost, S. D.; and .M. C. Parkin- 
son. J. D. The present condition of the lodge 
is excellent. It owns a building, erected in 
1877, at cost of |2,00n, in which its hall is sit- 
uated. The present officers are: Thomas Wil- 
son, W. M.; W. A. Grigshy. S. W.; Dr. H. Mar- 
kee, ,1. W.: Dr. B. F. Duncan. S. D.; Samuel 
Shisher. .1. D. ; F. Cunningham. Secy.; Guy 
Huston. Treas. 

Blandinsville Chapter. Royal Arch Masons, 
was organized some five or six years ago. The 
present officers are: C. W. Carroll, H. P.; C. 
J. Sanders. K.; S. A. Webb. Scribe; J. A. Bro- 
key. Secy.; George B. Huston. Treas.; B. F. 
Duncan, C. H.; .1. O. Oaknian. P. S.; T. E. 
Thompson. R. A. C; Mike Garvey, M. of 3d V.; 
M. Coffman. M. of 2d V.; and H. Fowler. M. of 
1st V. It is a wholesome, good working or- 
ganization, composed of the best members of 
the community. 

Blandinsville Lodge of the Eastern Star. A. F. 
& \. M.. located at Blandinsville. has for its 
present officers Miss Lizzie Hensley. W. M.; 
Mrs. Ria Coffman. Asso. M.; C. W. Carroll. W. 
P.; Mrs. Louise White, Secy.; Mrs. Lizzie Wil- 
son, Treas.: Mrs. .Jessie Grigsby, Asso. Con.; 
Mrs. Florence Cunningham, Con.; Mrs. .Allie 
Huston. Chaplain: Mrs. .lane Metcalf. .\da; 
Mrs. Kate Markee. Ruth; Mrs. Saida Huston. 
Esther; Mrs. Lucille Murphy. Martha; Mr.s. 
Stella Hainline. Electa; Mrs. Mary Burkhart. 
Warden; George Lyons, Sentinel; W. A. Grigs 
by. Marshal. This lodge is composed of many 
of the most influential citizens of Blandinsville 
and vicinity. 

.\'ew Hope Lodge No. 2H3. I. O. O. F.. was or- 
ganized in Blandinsville. October 1.5. 18,58, with 
the following charter members: Henry T. Gil- 
frey. .Thomas Lindsay. D. Wood. C. W. McEl- 
roy and Delavan Martin. In 1SH7 the lod;e 
erected a building for their own use at a cost 
of $1,0i)rt. This has been a good working lodge. 
The present officers are; .lesse Griggs. N. G.; 
John Bayless. V. G.; R. B. Markland. Secy.; 



792 



HISTORY OF Mcdonough county. 



James A. Hainline, Warden; George Grigsby, 
Treas.; and William Bodine, Conductor. 

Blandinsville Degree of Rebecca. I. O. O. F., 
has been in existence for some years, and has 
been a good working organization. The pres- 
ent officers are: Bessie White. N. G. : Etta 
Gibbs. V. G.; Margaret Bodine, P. G.; Fannie 
Bertholf. Chaplain; Mrs. Dr. Beacom. R. S. to 
N. G.; Mrs. Caleb Sanders, L. S. to N. G.; Mrs. 
Dr. Markee, R. S. to V. G. : Mrs. Sarah Badger. 
L. S. to V. G. ; Jessie Thompson, Warden; Ber- 
tha Berthot, Conductor; Erma Farris, Secy.; 
Bertha Griggs, Treas.; Mrs. Charles Fowler, I. 
G.; Lucy Squires, O. G. 

O. P. Courtright Post No. 267, G. A. R., was 
organized at Blandinsville in June, 1883, with 
thirty members. The post still maintains its 
organization. 

BARDOLPH. 

Bardolph Lodge No. 572. A. F. & A. M.. was 
organized May 28, 1867. The charter members 
were: Charles Wells, William J. Merritt, O. M. 
Hoagland. T. J. Means. Lyman Porter, W. S. 
Hagar. Milton Darr. Charles Dallam, W. S. Hen- 
dricks, Asahel Russell and N. H. Jackson. 
When a charter was obtained the following offi- 
cers were elected: Charles Wells, W. M.; W. 
S. Hagar, S. W.; A. Russell. J. W.; O. M. Hoag- 
land, Treas.; N. H. Jackson, Secy.; L. Porter, 
S. D.: J. C. Bond. J. D.; W. H. Foster, Tyler. 
This lodge was a vigorous, active body and 
erected a hall costing $1,500, which subsequent- 
ly was burned down, but a good new hall was 
since erected. The following are the present 
officers:" Frank Bethel, W. M.; J. A. Roberts, 
S. W.; J. M. Eastin. J. W.; W. W. Harris. 
Treas.; H. A. Maxwell. Secy.; and W. F. Rob- 
erts. Tyler. 

Bardolph Lodge No. 371, I. O. O. F.. was or- 
ganized June 30, 1868, by William L. Imes. D. D. 
G. M. The following were charter members: 
H. C. Mullen. L. Wilson, J. L. Getty, J, S. Mar- 
tin and William Kirkpatrick. At their first 
meeting the following officers were elected: J. 
L.Getty. N. G.; William Kirkpatrick, V. G.: L. 
Wilson. Treas.; J. L. Martin, Secy. The lodge 
has a tasteful, comfortable room, 30x18 feet, of 
which it owns two-thirds. The present officers 
are: H. N. Jackson. N. G.; E. H. Hendricks, 
V. G.; Glenn Walker, R. Secy.; W. L. Ritter, 
Fin. Secy.; and W. G. Smith, Treas. 



COLCHESTER. 

Colchester Lodge, A. F. & A. M., Colchester^ 
was organized October 6, 1887. Its present offi- 
cers are: Ralph Hall, W. M.; M. Rice. S. W.; 
John Shields, J. W.; C. P. Whitten, Secy.; A. 
J. Smith. Treas.; D. R. L. Thompson. S. D.; 
Richard Curnow, J. D. It has had a career of 
over a quarter of a century, and has always 
been an active fraternal organization worthy of 
the order. The Stevens brothers, of Chicago, 
were active members of this lodge. 

Colchester Chapter No. 121, Eastern Star,. 
A. F. & A. M., was organized February 27, 1888. 
Its officers are: Elinore Thompson. W. Ma- 
tron; J. N. Boyd, W. Patron: Mary Boyd. Asso. 
M.; .fessie Parnall. W. Con.; Mrs. Flora N. 
Terrill. Asst. Con.; E. D. Wear. Secy.; A. J. 
Smith. Treas.: Mrs. J. Young, Warden; R. Cur- 
now, Sentinel; Mrs. Laura Hunter, Esther; 
Mrs. E. Hall, Martha; Mrs. Orval Woolley, 
Electa; Mrs. C. P. Whitten, Chaplain; James 
Parnell. Marshal; Mrs. Jessie Wear, Organist. 
Ijike other secret societies in Colchester, this 
Chaiiter is an excellent working organization, 
composed of reputable and influential citizens. 

Colchester Lodge No. 714, I. O. O. F., has 
been in existence over twelve years. Following 
are the present officers: J. M. Dunsworth. N. 
G.; Thomas Kiplin'j;, V. G.; J. A. Kavanaugh, 
Rec. Secy.; W. S. Brummell, Secy.; Henry Ter- 
rill, Treas.; Trustees — John Hoar, F. P. Rhodes. 
S. A. Valentine, .L R. Terrill and T. M. Boyd. 

Good Will Lodge No. 91, K. of P.. Colchester, 
has for its present officers: H. O. Rundle, C. 
C: James Reynolds. V. C; John Hunter, J. K. 
of R. and S.: G. A. Palder, M. of Finance; D. 
E. Terrill. M. of E.; Trustees— B. F. Myres, 
J. O. Moon and Niles A. Pearson. It has been 
an enthusiastic lodge since its organization. 

A Fraternity Building was erected at Col- 
chester in 1900 by Good Will Lodge No. 91. 
K. of P., and Colchester Lodge No. 714, I. O. 
O. F., .iointly. The building is a three-story 
brick, with basement, and the first floor is 
Ijlanned for. and used by. the National Bank of 
Colchester, and a store for general merchan- 
dise. The second floor front is used for of- 
fices, and a large rear room for secret socie- 
ties. The third floor is fitted and kept exclu- 
sively for the use of the two orders above 
named, and kindred organizations. The build- 




-^J^.^^.^.^^^ 



HISTORY OF McDONOUC;H COUNTY. 



793 



ing is quite a handsome structure, and has al- 
ways been an excellent payinK investment. 
The indebtedness on the building now amounts 
to only a few hundred dollars, and is held by 
the members of the two orders. It is the home 
of all the secret orders in the city, except the 
Masonic and Eastern Star. 

Pearson Post No. 40S, G. A. R., at Colchester, 
has for its present officers G. A. Kliven, Com- 
mander; William Burford, S. V. C; O. J. 
Flourry, J. V. C; Thomas Herry. Q. M.; G. D. 
Fletcher, Chaplain; Hurr Foster, Adjt. ; David 
Bayless: Officer of Guard; P. Averill, Officer of 
Day. Other members of the post are: W. 
Tone. S. Burton. ('. Harder. .1. Bales. John Bur- 
dett. William .\dl<inson. .\llen Burs. -Milt 
Eckles, G. W. Meeks, William Waylaiul and 
Marion Docker. 

PRAIRIE CITY. 

Golden Gate Lodge No. 24S, A. F. & A. M., 
was organized in Prairie City, June 2, 1857. 
The charter members were: J. B. Robinson, 
R. H. McFarland. C. H. Hemenover, J. C. Ham- 
ilton, J. C. Brinkerhoff, H. Phillips. S. Lancas- 
ter and C. H. Payne. The first officers were: 
J. B. Robinson. W. M.: R. H. .McFarland, S. 
W.; C. H. Hemenover, J. W.; J. C. Hamilton, 
Treas.; and J. C. Brinkerhoff, Secy. The lodge 
erected a handsome brick block, 24x70 feet in 
size and two stories in height, in 1884. and 
fitted up a neat lodge r(x)m in the second story. 
The cost of the building and furniture was 
$4,300. The hall was dedicated by General 
John Carson Smith, D. G. M.. December 30, 
1884. The present officers are: H. C. Spur- 
geon. W. M.: F. .McGrew, S. W.; Charles So- 
lon, J. W.; L. T. Turpin, Secy.; and Jefferson 
Louk, Treas. 

McDonougl) Lodge No. 205. I. O. O. F., Prai- 
rie City, was organized October 17. lS5f>. with 
the following charter members: Samuel L. 
Stewart, Alonzo Barnes, S. L. Babcock, C. H. 
Wyckoff, W. A. Martin and A. T. Irwin. The 
lodge was allowed to become defunct in 1862, 
on account of a large number of its members 
having enlisted in the army. It was rein- 
stated .August 5. 1.S75, by D. G. M. Kaiser, on 
petition of J. A. Hamilton, J. Humphrey and 
A. T. Irwin, former members, and S. T. Gosse- 
lin. of No. 322. and W. T. Magee, of No. 44. 
The following officers were then elected: J. 
A. Hamilton. N. G.; S. T. Young. V. G.; A. T. 
Irwin. Secy.; W. T. Magee, Treas. The pres- 
12 



ent officers are: G. L. Bostwick, N. G. ; A. L. 
Jared, V. G.; E. D. Pisk, Treas.; Avery Wor- 
den. Secy.; and W. L. Kreider, Fin. Secy. 

Royal Douglas Post No. 179, G. A. R., Prairie 
City, was chartered January 17, 1883. Its first 
meeting was held January 24. with the follow- 
ing members: D. Taylor. G. C. Steach, W. T. 
Magee. G. Wiley Martin, E. A. Boynton, O. M. 
Hoagland, J. I). Hughson, T. Carroll, C. D. Hen- 
dryx. H. Phillips, S. W. Dallam. R. M. Cox, A. 
H. Wagoner, T. E. Bivens and W. C. Rush. 
The first officers were: D. Taylor, Com.; D. 
C. Steach, S. V. C; W. T. Magee. J. V. C; W. 
C. Rush, Surgeon; C. D. Hendryx, O. D.; H. 
Phillips. Adjt.; E. Boynton. Q. M.; R. M. Cox, 
O. G.: and T. Carroll. Chaplain. The present 
officers are: .Alfred .Mead, Commander; G. L. 
Bostwick. S. V. C; R. M. Cox, J. V. C; J. H. 
Belville. Chaplain; J. T. Vaughn, Q. M.; W. D. 
May. Officer of the Day; William Bryte, Offi- 
cer of Guard; W. H. Ferguson, Adjt. 

INDUSTRY. 

Industry TjO<ige, A. F. & A. M.. of Industry, 
111.. wa.s first organized in ISSfi, and a charter 
granted in 1S64. The following are the pres- 
ent officers: J. M. Pennington, W. M.; O. E. 
Kinkade. S. W.; George McKamy, J. W.; L. D. 
Wilhelm, Secy.; and J. A. Butcher, Treas. 

Indtistry Lodge No. 913, I. O. O. F.— The of- 
ficers of this lodge are: George H. Meyers, 
N. G.: Claude Lucas, V. G.; J. E. Vail. Secy.; 
Reece Snowden. Treas.; F. E. Vawters, Fin. 
Secy. The lodge was organized April 27, 1904. 
MISCELLANEOUS. 

Good Hope Lodge No. 617, A. F. & A. M., of 
Good Hoi)e, 111., has been in existence over 
twenty years. The following are the present 
officers: Frank Harden. W. M.; Arlington 
Reed, S. W.; C. James. J. W.; William H. 
James, Secy.; James Statler, Treas. The lodge 
owns its hall, which is tastefully furnished and 
suitable for Masonic purposes. 

Sciota TjOdge, I. O. O. F., located in Sciota. 
has as its present officers: J. E. Solomon. N. 
G.; L. G. Huff, V. G.; E. T. Reynolds. Sec.v.; 
and George E. Bryan, Treas. The lodge has 
been in existence over twenty years, and, for 
the size of the town, is a fairly representative 
organization. 

Knights of Columbus. — Pierre Gibault Coun- 
cil No. 682. K. of C. is a Catholic organization 
for mutual benefit, organized April 10, 1903. 



794 



HISTORY OF Mcdonough county. 



The present officers are: Peter A. Kennedy. 
G. Knight: Fergus Whalen, D. G. Knight; John 
Manning, Chancellor; Arthur Dougherty, 
Treas.; Ed. Riordan, Fin. Secy.; John Quinn. 
Rec. Secy.; John Dougherty. Lecturer; Leo 
Worley, Warden: George Arnold. Advocate; 
Henry Dorgan, J. G.; H. Frening, O. G.; with 
David Gallagher, S. Icocle and L. Burke, Trus- 
tees; and Rev. F. G. Lentz. Chaplain. There 
are thirty-three members in good standing. It 
is a mutual insurance order, but social mem- 
bers are admitted. 

Improved Order of Red Men. — Tahlequah 
Tribe No. 125. I. O. R. M.. was organized some 
ten years ago. but of late years has become 
dormant. 

Knights of Khorassan. — Rosel Hadd Temple 
No. 72, organized ten years ago. meets at call 
of the Grand Vizier. It is an adjunct of the 
Knights of Pythias, and meets only when a 
number of applicants are to be initiated. 

CLUBS. 

Macomb Chautauqua Association was organ- 
ized June, 1906, with H. C. Wyne as President: 
W. K. Sutherland, Vice-President; W. C. Miner, 
Secretary; J. O. Peasley. Treasurer; and I. M. 
Fellheimer, W. W. Ernst. Harry Blount and A. 
Eads. Directors. The annual meetings of the 
association are held at the McDonough County 
Fair Grounds, and it Is well sustained by the 
citizens of the county. 

The McDonough County Pioneer Club meets 
at the Fair Grounds in September of each year. 
William H. Neece is President, and Alexander 
McLean Secretary and Treasurer. The club 
was organized in 1906. 

The Elks Club, of which Charles S. Carter is 
ex-Ruler and Clarence Inies. Secretary, meets 
at the club hall on the east side of the Public 
Square. 

Macomb Court of Honor No. 146 meets on the 
second and fourth Thursdays of each month, 
in G. A. R. Hall. 

Macomb Business Men's Club, with a mem- 
bership of over one hundred, has rooms on 
the west side of City Park. The present offi- 
cers are: F. A. Fisher, President; George Ker- 
man. Vice-President; H. W. Gash, Secretary; 
George H. Scott, Treasurer; Duncan McLean, 
Steward. 

Macomb Gun Club, George D. Tunnicliff, 
President; Charles Gilmore, Secretary; R. R. 



Campbell, Treasurer; and Charles Worley, 
Captain, meets at the call of the President. 

The Macomb W. C. T. U. meets on Saturday 
afternoons at the homes of members. 

The Y. M. C. A. has been in existence over 
twenty years, and is a healthy, earnest work- 
ing body of men. Their rooms, over the post- 
office on North Lafayette Street, are fully 
equipped with gymnasium, baths and reading 
matter. L. F. Gumbart is Vice-President; E. 
T. Walker, Treasurer; and J. S. Damron, Gen- 
eral Secretary. Sunday meetings are held at 
4. I), m., and the reading room is open every 
day. 

Macomb has two well known and popular 
Women's Clubs — the Anna L. Parker and the 
Fortnightly Clubs. The former holds its meet- 
ings on alternate Tuesdays at Hotel Chandler, 
and the latter, on alternate Wednesdays, at 
the homes of members. 

The Ministerial Association meets on the 
first and third Mondays of each month, at the 
Y. M. C. A. rooms. 

Macomb has two Burial Associations — the 
Harrison Mutual, at 132 North Randolph Street, 
with James S. Hainline, Business Manager, and 
the National Co-operative, at 202 North Lafay- 
ette Street, W. E. Martin. Manager. 

M.\coMi! Brir.Dixo .\nd Lio.\n' Associ-\tiox. — 
This association was organized in 1SS2. The 
following are the officers: George Gadd, Pres- 
ident: J. O. Peasley, Vice-President; B. F. Mc- 
Lean. Secretary; C. V. Chandler. Treasurer; 
Directors — George Gadd, H. H. Smith, B. F. 
McLean, J. M. Keefer, George Kerman. J. O. 
Peasly, C. V. Chandler and I. M. Fellheimer. 
The following statement shows the cash ac- 
count of the association for January, 1906: 
RECEIPTS. 

Balance in Treasury July 31, 1905 J S24.01 

Due.f collected 34,723.75 

Interest collected 10,802.85 

Premiums collected 471.75 

Pines collected 222,10 

Transfer fees collected 56.75 

Taxes and insurance repaid 52.7*> 

Loans repaid 22.050.00 

Real estate contracts 168.50 

Total 569,372.47 

DISBURSEMENT.S 

Loans $48,800.00 

Expenses 843.55 

Withdrawn and matured stock (dues paid) 10,383.25 
Withdrawn and matured stock (int. and 

profit on same) 4,933.43 

Taxes and insurance 36.92 

Interest 104.73 

Treasurer's balance 3.770.59 

Total $69,372.47 




■\^.^crrv> 



/' yY OC'^<'^^--<^<^^^^Uny\^ 



HISTORY OF Mcdonough county. 



795 



This association lias been, up to date, one of 
the most successful and profitably conducted 
Kuildins and Loan Associations in the State, 
and has proved of great bsnefit in proniotin-^ 
the growth of the city. 



CH.VPTF.R XXTX. 



CRIMINAL HISTORY — NOTED MURDERS. 



THE nVK MUBnER C.\SK — THE .M F.\I>I)E\ MIROEKERS 
P.\Y THE LIFE PEN.\I.TY — A CIVII. W.VR M TRUER — 
THE EDMONSON MURDER — THE M.\X\VEI.l. OUT- 
L.WVS .\N0 THEIR NUMEROl'S CRIMES — .I.VII.S .\NI> 
JAIJ. ESCAPES — KILLING OF .V HOY PRISONER — 
OTHER ITEMS OF LOC.\L CRIME HISTORY. 

In giving this history of some of the noted 
murders and other crimes committed in Mc- 
Donough County, it is not the intention to 
represent its population as containing a large 
proportion of criminals or to prove that, as a 
whole, it is a blood-thirsty community: on the 
contrary, the county has had an unusually 
small percentage of violent deaths. Kut inas- 
much as the youth have been told by their 
parents of murders here and there, in the early 
times, and the actual facts of the cases have 
become quite mystical, this sketch is prepared 
from the public records and from interviews 
with those who actively i)articipated in some 
of the stirring events narrated. The narra- 
tives cover four of the most noted murders 
in the history of McDonough County. It should 
be added that no hanging has ever occurred in 
the county. 

TiiH Dye Mirder and Scandal. — The most 
sensational murder in the history of McDon- 
ough County was, without doubt, the killing of 
James Dye, a wealthy farmer living on what is 
known as the Prentiss farm in the west part 
of the county. The arrest of his wife as the 
murderess and Rev. D. R. Burress as an ac- 
complice, charges of undue intimacy between 
them, theft, conspiracy by the sons to have 
their father murdered, the trial of the woman 
for her life, the escape of Burress from jail. 



went to make an event that, at the time of the 
deed, and for years afterward, for that matter, 
was the sensation of this and ajoining coun- 
ties. 

James Dye was a well-to-do farmer living 
with his second wife, by whom he had three 
children, having had twelve children by his 
former wife. Trouble came up between Dye 
and his sons by his first wife, and they were 
practically disowned and, as a result, hard feel- 
ing arose between the parties. Others took a 
hand in the affair and there were anonymous 
communications and threats of various kinds 
passed around. Dye also had some trouble 
with Burress just the day before he was mur- 
dered, the difficulty arising over the planting 
of some corn. This was said to have been 
adjusted, but that was never known. 

On the night of May 27, 18.54, about 9 o'clock, 
the alarm was given that Dye had been mur- 
dered. The news was noised rapidly through 
the neighlKirhood. Suspicion at once rested on 
Burress and Mrs. Dye, and they were arrested 
the day following on the finding of the Coro- 
ner's jury, and were held in jail without bail. 
S. P. Ray was also held on the same charge, 
but was afterward released, as there was no 
evidence against him. When the neighlwrs 
were summoned. Dye was found in bed with 
his knees bent and his limbs then stiff. Bur- 
ress had an alibi ready, as he attended meet- 
ing that evening. Ray was at the house and 
gave the alarm to the neighbors. 

Mrs. Dye's Story. — When they assembled 
Mrs. Dye was found crying and told her story. 
She claimed that that evening she and another 
woman, Mrs. Burress, were doing the milking, 
they became frightened at a man but could not 
see close enougn to tell who it was. The man 
opened a gate which attracted their attention. 
Dye was then in the house. They retired about 
8 o'clock and she was awakened by a ringing 
sound in her ears. She saw her husband stand- 
ing by the bed and grabbed him and pulled 
him down again. She heard a man running 
and heard a horse running afterward like the 
man had left the house and mounted the horse. 
She then gave the alarm. That was in sub 
stance her story. 

The Trial. — The evidence against the woman 
was purely circumstantial, which fact alone 



70 



HISTORY OF McDOXOUGH COUNTY. 



prevented her hanging and, even as it was, 
at one time eight of the jury were for convic- 
tion. The circumstances showed the relations 
between her and Burress as being very intimate. 
When the neighbors arrived the body was part- 
ly stiff. Then the wounds — which consisted of 
a slug shot in the body, supposedly from a big 
revolver, and the fracture of the skull — bled 
freely on the bed and yet there was not a drop 
of blood on the carpet, which would have been 
the case if he was standing when she awoke 
and pulled him back on the bed. Again, the 
blood from the gun-shot wound went to show- 
that the slug was fired into the body after life 
had departed. The physicans also testified that 
the gun-shot wound was such that he could 
not have arisen after it was inflicted. There 
were three savage dogs kept at the house and 
it was claimed by the prosecution that no one 
except the members of the household could 
have entered the house and committed the mur- 
der. Also it was claimed the revolver belong- 
ing at the house was empty, but showed it had 
been recently cleaned. 

Then the defense proved that Dye had re 
ceived a threatening letter, and he had attrib- 
uted it to his sons and had expressed fear from 
that source. The sons were active in the pros 
ecution, and the defense claimed they had the 
old man killed to prevent his willing the prop- 
erty to the wife and her children — as he had 
had so much trouble with them, they expected 
that was what he would do. 

The prosecution claimed it was the intention 
of Burress and the woman to do away with 
the old man and thus prevent trouble over their 
illicit relations, then they would get what 
money they could and leave the country togeth- 
er. There was always a question as to wheth- 
er any of the old man's money disappeared on 
that night, both sides claiming that he always 
kept a large amount of money in the house and 
that it disappeared the night of the murder. 

The prisoners endeavored to obtain their re- 
lease on bonds by habeas corpus proceedings, 
which were held in Schuyler County. In this 
they were unsuccessful. Mrs. Dye then got a 
change of venue to Fulton County where her 
trial was held, lasting some ten days. The 
counsel comprised the very best legal talent in 
this part of the State. Goudy, of Fulton, Wheat, 
of Adams, and Schofield & Mack, of Carthage, 
prosecuted, while Manning, of Peoria, Kellogg 



& Ross, of Fulton, and Cyrus Walker, of Mc- 
Donough, defended. The trial was hotly con- 
tested from the start. The jury, after fifteen 
hours' deliberation, standing eight for convic- 
tion and four for acquittal, finally agreed on a 
verdict of manslaughter and the woman was 
sentenced to five years in the penitentiai-y. 

Mrs. Dye was taken to the penitentiary, but, 
on the recommendation of the Warden, she 
was pardoned long before her time had ex- 
pired. She returned to this city and made this 
her home the rest of her life. She died in 
1874. 

In the meantime, Burress had procured a 
change of venue to Warren County. On the 
night of August 11, 1S55, he escaped from the 
old log jail here, but, after being absent some 
ten days, returned and gave himself up. He 
became dissatisfied again, however, and on the 
night of November 10, 1855, again escaped. He 
was tracked to Indiana but eluded the officers 
and was never heard from again. 

McFaDDKX MlRDKKKUS H,\N(;E1) I.\ SCIU'YI.KB 

County. — The second murder in the history of 
this county, but the first of which we have 
any authentic particulars, was the murder oi 
.John Wilson by the McFaddens. Ellas McFad- 
den was one of the earliest settlers near Ma- 
comb. His son David, and his son-in-law Wylie, 
were also near neighbors. From what can be 
learned of them they were of a quarrelsome 
disposition, and had considerable trouble with 
their neighbors. 

One of their neighbors was John Wilson, a 
bluff, good-natured man and utterly fearless. 
Some trouble arose between the McFaddens 
and Wilson over a piece of timber land, and 
the latter was warned to look out for them, 
as they were dangerous. Wilson, however, 
was fearless and gave no heed to the warnings, 
not thinking the cause was enough to incite 
any deed of violence. 

About the first part of November, 1S34, Hen- 
ton & Robinson, two merchants of this place, 
secured judgments against Elias McFadden and 
an execution was procured and placed in the 
hands of Deputy Sheriff Nelson Montgomery. 
The McFaddens lived on the farm just west of 
the present fair grounds and just south of the 
St. Francis Hospital, the house being near the 
site of the one now located there. On the 
day in question Wiley was not at home and as 




t^Ti^ CtoJ^^A^ lyY" /i^ JOCA-.i^'Z^cJ^^^^ 



HISTORY OF McDONOL'GH COUNTY. 



797 



it afterward developed he was in Rusliville 
consultins with an attorney to see if they had a 
right to kU\ Wilson if they found him on their 
land. This fact, that he was away from home, 
alone saved him from the same fate that the 
other two McFaddens met. 

On the road to the McFadden homestead the 
officer passed the Wilson residence and asked 
him to take his team and accompany him, as he 
wanted to haul Ijack the thinsjs on which li" 
levied. Wilson, thinking nothing of danger, 
accompanied him. The two got in the wagon 
and drove to McFadden's. They met the old 
man there and the officer informed him of his 
errand. McFadden made some remark and 
succeeded in decoying the two men to tho 
north side of the house. As the wagon stop|)ed 
a shot was fired from the window of the house. 
Wilson reeled and. with a gasp, fell toward the 
Sheriff, who caught him in his arms and ten- 
derly laid him down. He then removed him to 
the wood house and rushed oft for aid. 

Soon a crowd assembled and, as they ap- 
proached the house, found the old man McFad- 
den fixing a fence, as unconcerned as though 
nothing had happened. Wilson was found ly- 
ing where the officer had left him. He was 
seen to be mortally wounded, hut had received 
no care whatever from McFadden during the 
absence of the officer. McFadden was at once 
placed under arrest and a search of the i)rem- 
ises was instituted. An examination of tht^ 
house showed that a pane of glass had been 
broken in the north window. Near it stood an 
empty rifle and on the window sill was a book, 
both the sill and the book showing plainly 
recent powder marks. No trace of anyone could 
be found, but a trail was followed which tracked 
David to his own house where he was found 
coolly working at liis shoemakers bench. He, 
too. was placed under arrest and, on his return. 
Wylie was also charged with the crime. 

In May, 1X35, the case was called at Rush- 
ville — the McFaddens having obtained a change 
of venue. Cyrus Walker, one of the best 
known lawyers of the early days, prosecuted 
an<l Judge MInshall defended. The trial was 
hotly contested, but a verdict of guilty was 
returned as to Klias and David, but Wylie was 
discharged. The day for the execution was a 
sort of holiday, and a big crowd assembled to 
see the two men dropped into eternity. The 
scafTold was built in a large hollow near Rush- 



ville by Thomas Hayden, who was Sheriff, the 
banks on the side forming a sort of amphi- 
theater. The deputy's son acted as hangman 
and pulled the drop. For this work he pre- 
sented a bill for $1.50 to McDonough County. 
There was always some trouble over the bills 
for the trial and execution of these men, but 
if all the bills were as reasonable as this one, 
they certainly should have been paid. 

A Civil. W.vu Mlkdkk.— The killing of W. H. 
Randoli)h by the Bonds, a,t Blandinsville, in 
the fall of 1864, was the most notable murder 
in the history of the country. The affair took 
on a sort of ))olitical nature and, as i)arti8an 
feeling was running at the boiling point — the 
Presidential election being but a few days oft 
and the country in the midst of a great war — 
for a time it seemed as though a collision with 
all its fearful attendant bloodshed would break 
out among our own citizens. It is to their ever- 
lasting credit that the level-headed ones on 
both sides i)revailed over the excited feelings 
of the h()ts])urs, and only one murder was com- 
mitted where our citizens were close face to 
a hundred. 

Mr. liandolph, who was a leading citizen and, 
at the time, owner of the Randolph House of 
Macomb, had been appointed Deputy Provost 
Marshal to superintend the drafting of soldiers 
in this county. .John Rond, among others, had 
been drafted. He was opi)osed to the war and 
refused to come into the recruiting headquar 
ters, as he should, and Randoli)h went out to 
Blandinsville to arrest him, as in those times 
a man who failed to report after being notified 
that he was drafted was the same as a de- 
serter. Bond was a powerful man and reck- 
lessly bold. Randolph, though small, knew not 
the word fear, and went alone to make the ar- 
rest. Bond had i)ul)llcly declared Randolph 
could not take him and, when that of- 
ficer placed his hand on his shoulder and told 
him he was a prisoner, and knowing the offi- 
cer's determination. Bond drew a pistol and 
fired it at Randolph and ran. Randolph re- 
turned the fire and followed after his man. 
,Tohn met his brother .Miles coming to his aid 
with a gun, and both fired at Randolph, who 
went a few stei)s and fell, with four wounds, 
from which he died some hours afterward, 
.lames Bond, a third brother, was also charged 
with abetting the killing, but did not fire a 



798 



HISTORY OF Mcdonough county. 



shot. The three Bonds, immediately after fir- 
ing the fatal shots, mounted horses and fled. 
Although a reward of over $5,000 was offered 
for their capture, nothing was heard of them 
for years. Finally Frank E. Fowler, a citizen 
of Macomb and in detective service, succeeded 
in locating and capturing Miles Bond at So- 
nera, Hardin County, Ky., in June 1868, where 
he was going under an assumed name. He was 
brought to trial the following October term, 
took change of venue to Schuyler County, where 
the following May he was tried and acquitted 
on the following grounds: First, there was no 
record of the draft kept; second, the quota was 
full before John Bond was drafted; therefore, 
Randolph had no right to arrest John Bond; 
third, in attempting to arrest, Randolph tran- 
scended his duties and John Bond had a right 
to resist; fourth. Miles, the accused, seeing his 
brother's life in danger, under the law was 
justified in shooting his antagonist. There 
was much discussion. ])ro and con. over the 
justness of the verdict, but it was the end of 
the law. 

Two years later, in 1870, Macomb was sur- 
prised one morning by a man coming into town 
with James and John Bond in custody, he hav- 
ing arrested them, as he said, in Missouri. U 
was the general belief that the two men, having 
grown tired of being fugitives and seeing that 
their brother had been cleared, voluntarily sur- 
rendered so as to get back and risk acquittal. 
At any rate, they were two as peaceable pris- 
oners as were ever confined in jail. They not 
only gave no trouble to J. E. Lane, then the 
Sheriff, but made themselves useful in doing 
any chores that he desired them to do. and 
were ready to assist him in the prevention of 
any outbreak of any other prisoners who might 
have attempted it. In 1871 at the September 
term of court, their trial came off. In addition 
to the same defense that was made in Miles' 
case, that individual went upon the stand and 
swore that he fired the shot that killed Ran- 
dolph. As he had been acquitted, his testimony 
greatly strengthened the case of the brothers, 
John and James, who viere also declared "not 
guilty" by the jury. The only one of the broth- 
ers living now is Miles, who resides in the 
northwest part of the county, a law-abiding 
citizen, and today probably regrets the awful 
tragedy as much as anyone. 

Mrs. Jane Randolph, of this city, "Aunt 



Jane," as she is familiarly called by all who 
know her, is the widow of the murdered man, 
and she. above all others, has been the wronged 
and stricken one over the* death of her hus- 
band, whose patriotism and courage was a mod- 
el, even in those heroic days when men were 
iron with nerves of steel. 

Another Mubderkr Escapes Death Pe.nai.ty. 
— The roost prominent murder in what may be 
called later years — having occurred March 17, 
1882 — was that of Thomas Edmonson, a well- 
known citizen of Good Hope, who was shot by 
Edward Gick, the only man ever sentenced to 
death in this county, but who escaped, through 
the fact that Judge Shope, the presiding Judge, 
did not want to sentence a man to die. 

To sum up the story of the killing, which is 
still fresh in the minds of many, two men 
named Gick and Payne, and possibly another, 
named Davis, had been behaving in a shameless 
manner in Good Hope the day previous with a 
notorious woman. Edmonson was a law-abid- 
ing citizen and denounced the affair in strong 
terms, and it is said, threatened to have them 
arrested. On the night in question. Gick was 
looking for Edmonson, and boasted that he in- 
tended to "slug" him. Gick and Payne claimed 
they were going toward Dr. Sanders' residence, 
Gick having charge of his horses, when they 
met Edmonson, and Gick asked him in a 
friendly way "what he had it In for him for." 
At that Edmonson turned, and drawing his 
knife, said he would show him. Gick then shot 
three times, inflicting a wound from which 
Edmonson died in a few minutes. Jule Davis 
was with the other two, being on the way to 
his home, and had been on intimate terms 
with both. 

Other stories of the affair differed materially. 
There were two bruises on Edmonson's face 
which were made by some blunt instrument 
and could not have been inflicted when he fell, 
for he dropped into the arms of Mark Clark, 
who had just separated from him. Edmonson 
called out after he was shot, "Oh, Mark, come 
quick, arrest that Gick, he has shot me. I'm 
dying." Mrs. Yeast, who lived nearby, said 
she heard Edmonson say, just before the shoot- 
ing, "Don't you give a man a chance to de- 
fend himself?" 

From these statements it was generally con- 
sidered that Gick and Payne, and possibly 



HISTORY OF^' Mcdonough county. 



799 



Davis, had intended to slug Edmonson; that 
they had not intended murder; but the shot 
tool< effect, and death ensued. 

Williuin f'rentiss was the Prosecuting At- 
torney. The verdict of the jury was murder 
in the first degree and hanging the penalty. 
The Judge did not sentence Gick for a few 
days thereafter, and the sentence was finally 
"the penitentiary for life." The murderer 
served a sentence of some six or seven years, 
when he was pardoned, returned to the county 
and thereafter was a peaceable citizen. 

The Maxwell Outlaws. — Two of the most 
noted outlaws this county ever produced, and 
who at one time attained a national reputa- 
tion by their murderous deeds, were the Max- 
well brothers who were raised in this county 
and who here commenced their career which 
ended in the lynching of one, but not until af- 
ter he had killed many men and defied an 
entire company of militia. 

Along in 1869 or 1870, a mover with two 
boys and a girl stop|)ed near the residence of 
Elijah Hicks in Macomb, and wanted to oc- 
cupy an unused house near their place for 
awhile, as he wanted to find work. The priv- 
ilege was given him and he remained, not 
only for a time, but for years. This mover's 
name was Maxwell, the father of Ed and Lon. 
The boys as youths did not attract any par- 
ticular attention unless it was the adaptability 
of the younger in learning scripture, he having 
won a prize for having committed 3,000 verses 
of Scripture. The teaching of the verses he 
committed did not seem to hjve much effect 
on him, however, as at an early age the boys 
would steal chickens for cooking while out on 
a lark and commit petty depredations. 

On February 10. 1S74, Ed Maxwell first com- 
menced his career of crime which ended only 
when he was lynched by an infuriated i)eopIe, 
and most of his subsequent years were spent 
in the penitentiary. On the day mentioned the 
clothing store of Dines & Co., of which Charles 
Dines, for years County Clerk here, was one 
of the proprietors, was robbed. Maxwell was 
suspected of the robbery, just why it was not 
learned, and a day or two later Dines and an- 
other man went to the farm where Maxwell 
was employed, to_ investigate. Maxwell was 
evidently looking for them, or at least recog- 
nized them, for he disappeared as they rode up 



and tied their horses, both being on horseback. 
They entered the house and there found the 
missing articles. Then Maxwell gave the first 
evidence of that spirit of deviltry and bravado 
that afterward earned him a national reputa- 
tion. He slipped up to the horses, while the 
men were in the house, mounted the best one 
and with a whoop and yell was off on the full 
run. Then followed a chase that was the 
talk of that section of the county for some 
weeks. The other rider hurried to Hlandins- 
ville and organized a posse and gave chase. 
Through Blandinsville, Sciota and Emmet Town- 
ship went the fugitive and the pursuers, there 
being some twenty armed men in the hunt. At 
last Maxwell struck for Spring Creek and fol- 
lowed it to where it empties into Crooked 
Creek. Here he found the creek too high to 
ford and turned north again, but the pursuers 
thought he had forded. The horse was later 
found at Good Hope and from that place he 
was tracked to Roseville, where he was 
arrested, brought back to Macomb and sent 
to the penitentiary for three years. 

Up to this time the Maxwells were unknown, 
so to speak, being quiet and never having done 
anything to particularly attract attention ex- 
cept the one escapade of Ed's, and as he had 
offered no resistance at that time, his desperate 
character was unknown_ After he had served 
his time, being released in 1S76. he returned 
to this county and then commenced the worst 
reign of terror as to thievery this section has 
ever undergone. He had for a pal a man sup- 
posedly named Post, but who, in fact, was his 
brother Lon. The two would steal a couple 
of horses and strike out through the county 
robbing houses. They scoured Emmet, Sciota, 
Blandinsville and Hire Townships, and con- 
tinued their depredations on into Henderson 
and Hancock Counties. They would make a 
trip like Santa Claus, starting in the night, 
visiting nearly every house on their road, steal 
what they could and then disappear, selling the 
horses or turning them loose. They visited 
La Crosse in daylight, defied arrest, subdued 
the officer with their revolvers and left at their 
pleasure. 

On one of their last trips they stole two 
horses from E. S. Smith, a farmer of Sciota 
Township, the animals being found some time 
later near Hamilton, 111., badly used up. 
They raided the houses of a John Isom, F. Fer- 



8oo 



HISTORY OF Mcdonough county. 



ris, S. B. Davis, L. English, James D. Griffith, 
and others, receiving a considerable amount, 
taking money from under the pillow at one 
place while a man was asleep. This last raid, 
however, awoke the community to a state of 
action and a man hunt was started, a reward 
of $500 being offered for their capture. The 
hunt was unsuccessful, however, but it served 
to keep them away until they were brought 
back in irons by an officer. 

For some time the outlaws eluded the officers 
but they heard from them occasionally. The 
Maxwells supposed the officers did not know 
Lon was the big man of the two, but thought 
they were looking for a man named Post. At 
last the officers received a tip that they were 
going down the Illinois River in a boat, so they 
waited for them at Beardstown. The boys 
landed there and Ed went uptown to buy 
some supplies, Lon remaining in the boat. The 
officers waited until Ed entered a store and they 
stepped in after him. They grabbed him when 
he was off his guard, but at that he put up a 
desiderate fight, kicking, biting and cursing 
and it required the combined strength of three 
officers to hold him. At last he was ironed, 
however, and the others went after Lon. Lon 
was still in the boat and seeing the men, asked 
them if they did not want to buy the skiff they 
had attached to the other boat. They said they 
did and came down to look at it, that giving 
them the desired opportunity. They jumped on 
Lon when he was not looking, but he grabbed a 
revolver and fired one shot but was disarmed 
before he could do any harm. An examination 
showed both boys to be heavily armed with 
revolvers and knives and they had rifles in the 
boat. At Bushnell they were ironed together 
but quietly slipping off their boots they made 
a dash for liberty while chained together, and 
It required about a seventy-five yard sprint 
iby the officer to bring them back. They were 
then landed in jail without further trouble. 

Then followed the escape from jail by Ed., 
particulars of which are given in the account 
of the escapes from jail given elsewhere. Lon 
was sent to the penitentiary and Ed was after- 
ward recaptured at Stillwater, Minn., his 
dare deviltry attracting attention up there, and 
investigation was made as to where he was 
wanted, there being a reward of $350 offered 
'for his arrest. He was decoyed into a stable 
.and arrested, brought back to Macomb, taken 



from the train to the court house, pleaded 
guilty and was off for Joliet in less than twenty- 
four hours to serve a six years' sentence. 

After serving their time they were released 
and came back to this county, but except for 
one short trip of robbery through this part, 
they did not remain long, being too well 
known. On their last trip they stole a horse, 
then a horse and buggy, and drove from here 
through to Fulton County and disappeared. 
Their description was sent all over the country 
by this time, and an effort was made to cap- 
ture them for horse-stealing, they having stolen 
a horse in Henderson County which they drove 
through here. .\t Durand, Wisconsin, two men 
named Coleman attempted to arrest them on 
susi)icion of their being the men wanted here 
for horse stealing, and both were killed. This 
was the first murder directly traceable to them, 
although they were accused of killing a Sheriff 
in another county in this State. A posse was 
called to arrest them for this double murder, 
but they whipped the posse off. The militia 
were ordered out to arrest them, and they too 
were beaten oack by the two outlaws. By 
boat, foot and stealing horses they at last 
eluded all their pursuers and disai)peared for 
months. 

So daring were their deeds that they gained 
a national reputation and were the subject of 
stories in the dime novel trash. They were 
known in Wisconsin as the Williams brothers, 
and under this name were the heroes in the 
novels. The capture of Ed was affected at 
Grand Island, Neb., November 9, 1881, 
and was the result of more of an accident than 
anything else. The boys were representing 
themselves as huntei-s and were both heavily 
armed. Their actions aroused susi)icion and 
the officers being notified, visited the house 
where they were staying and approaching them 
unawares, grabbed Ed and overpowered him. 
Lon was alarmed and got one shot at the offi- 
cers, but notwithstanding his wonderful skill, 
missed his man. The officers then ran for him 
but he turned and ran and was never afterward 
seen alive. 

Ed was fully identified as the man wanted, 
although he denied his identity. Brothers of 
the murdered men in Wisconsin accompanied 
the officers and positively id^tified him as the 
man who killed their brothers. He was taken 
back to Wisconsin, November 19, 1881, and 




OcL^^ X). ^J\j aA/iyfJoJ^cn^ , 






HISTORY OF McDONOLGll COL'XTY. 



801 



taken to the court house for trial. The work 
was short and swift, however, and justice 
speedily meted out. He was surrounded by a 
mob of men who threw a rope around his neck 
and gtarted down stairs supposedly to hang 
him to a tree. This was done but he was dead 
long before he reached the tree, as he was 
dragged down stairs at the end of the rope. 
The coroner's jury viewed the body, examined 
the necessary witnesses and returned a verdict 
that he came 10 his death by falling down the 
court house stairs, with which verdict the 
courts were well satisfied. 

Ix)n's death was not so sensational but wfll 
did he pay for his misdeeds. He died in a bo.x 
car in a western city, alone, vinattended, with 
a black past to view and a blacker future to 
contem|)late. 

Both of these boys were remarkably fine shots 
with gun and revolver. Lon was particularly 
■skilled, and stories of their remarkable powers 
are told. Kd feared nothing, was more like a 
panther than a human. He was small and 
swarthy and as treacherous as the animals 
whose actions he imitated. He was an invet- 
erate liar and naturally mean and vicious. 
Sometimes he expressed a claim of intended re- 
formation on account of the love he bore some 
woman, but he never gave evidence that he had 
adopted a better life. 

Lon was an arrant coward when not with 
Ed and gave evidence of it when Ed was cap- 
tured. Had it been Ed who got away instead 
■of Lon. the officers making the capture would 
never have reached the jail with their prisoner. 
Lon was big and strong, and effeminate in his 
actions. 

Much space has been given to the notorious 
Maxwell boys, for the reason they were the most 
prominent examples of the worst element of 
this section of the country. They were grea< 
readers of the yellow-covered literature, and 
became fully possessed with the idea that they 
were Dick Turpins. .James Boys, and all the 
other list of degenerates. This account is given 
at lenijth to show the natural end of such vio- 
lent, reckless lives. 

J.vii.s AMI .Iah. Escapk.s. — Jail escapes 
have been a fruitful subject for fireside tales, 
with the inevitable romancing and smothering 
tot the real facts, but this sketch gives the cold 



facts, and should be made a mailer of record. 
Other escapes than those noted have been ac- 
complished, but these are the most prominent 
and worthy of preservation. 

The jail deliveries in McDonough County have 
been numerous and date back to the earliest 
history. In fact, the first man arrested for 
murder in this county. Thomas Morgan, broke 
jail and was never afterward heard of. Not 
only Morgan, but two others arrested on the 
charge of murder. Rev. Burress, for the Dye 
murder and Zack Wilson, for the McDonald 
murder, escaped and were never recaptured, al- 
though vigilant effort was made in both cases. 
There is no record of how Morgan made his es- 
cai)e from jail, but as the building was an old 
log affair, for years afterward used as the city 
calaboose and now located in the stray pen or 
poimd, where it is doing duty as a store house, 
he probably had but very little trouble in mak- 
ing his escape. Burress made his escape from 
the sa'ne building, and it is not recorded how 
he made his egress. Wilson, however, made his 
escape from the i)resent jail building on West 
Jackson Street and the manner in which he did 
this will be treated more fully later in this 
article. 

The second building used as a place of con- 
finement for the criminals of this county, was a 
square brick building located on the site of the 
present jjostoffice just across the street from the 
,Iournal office. When first used for a jail it was 
considered a modern building, but during the 
'seventies it was almost worthless as a jail 
buihling, and the Sheriff never knew when he 
retireil. or for that matter at any other time, 
that he would have his birds with him the next 
time he called. For a number of years it was 
a butt for jokes and the subject of humorous 
remarks in the newspapers. 

Trii: FntsT Escai-k ok Rkcokd. — The first es- 
cape of which there is any record as to how it 
occurred was on the night of .June 24, 1.S71. The 
prisoners succeeded in prying off an inch board 
from the window casing. With this they pried 
away the grating from the wall directly under 
the window. The work of removing the bricks 
was only a matter of a short time and a hole 
was made sufficient for them to e.scape. At that 
time there were seven prisoners confined, five 
for petty offenses and two for murder. Strange 



8o2 



HISTORY OF Mcdonough county. 



as it may seem, those held to answer to the 
graver charge refused to take advantage of the 
opjport unity for freedom and remained. These 
were the two Bonds, arrested for the murder of 
William Randolph at Blandinsville, some six 
years previous, and who had escaped to Ken- 
tucky and had there been only recently re- 
captured. Not much effort was made to capture 
those who had succeeded in getting away, as 
their offenses were only minor affairs. 

Ot]I!:k Bsc.ipes. — On the night of .January 22, 
1873, when Captain Sam Frost was Sheriff, an- 
other successful attempt was made. H. D. Har- 
ner and Henry Framby, held for robbing a mil- 
linery store at Table Grove, and Fred Watts, tor 
threatening his step-daughter at Prairie City, es- 
caped. They had cut away tlie iron floor in 
some manner — how they secured the instrument 
with which they did this having never been 
learned. They then crawled under the floor to 
the foundation, where they took out a stone 
and through the opening made their escape. The 
night was bitterly cold and a blinding snow- 
storm was falling. This made it almost impos- 
sible to locate the men. Later one of them was 
recaptured, but the others were never appre- 
hended. 

On the night of January 5, 1776, when the late 
Captain J. B. Venard was Sheriff, the prisoners 
made another attempt by exactly the same plan 
as the cne above described, but were discovered 
before they had gained their liberty and were 
marchod back to their cells. 

An Exciting Chase. — On the morning of Au- 
gust 20, 1876, three prisoners made their es- 
cape, but all w'ere recaptured that day, two of 
them before they had gone three blocks. The 
Christian church at that time stood in the park 
just across from the jail, and while the Sheriff 
was attending services some young boys, stand- 
ing in front of the church, saw three men drop 
from the high board fence that surrounded the 
jail and run east on Carroll Street. The boys 
at once gave the alarm and two of the prisoners 
were captured near the Presbyterian church, one 
by R. E. (better known as "Erk") Harris, and 
the other by Milt McDonald. The third made 
his escape but all that day posses scoured the 
city and adjoining fields. Late in the afternoon 
the fellow was found by Marshal McClintock 
hid in the weeds in a ravine near the present 



Third Ward school house. The prisoner had 
bribed a boy named Kegle. of Industry, who was 
awaiting trial for petty larceny, but who was 
sick and was used as a trusty, to hand them the 
key to the corridor, which hung on a nail in 
the hall. They had given him a dollar as a 
bribe. 

Esc.M'K OF El). M.\xwEi,L. — The first escape in • 
which there was a fight was that which oc- 
curred August 28, 1876, and while no one was 
injured, it was only because the Maxwell boys, 
the most desperate outlaws ever confined in the 
local jail — or in any other jail, for that matter — 
were unable to procure weapons. Captain Ve- 
nard was Sheriff at the time, and on the night 
in question he w-ent to lock up the prisoners in 
their cells, .lames Blazer standing as door guard. 
As the Sheriff stepped inside the corridor, Ed. 
Maxwell, who was standing back some distance 
from the door to deceive the Sheriff as to his 
intentions, started to walk away, throwing him 
off his guard. Maxwell suddenly turned with 
a spring like a cat and jumped on the Sheriff. 
Lon Maxwell at the same time sprang at him • 
and Charles Roberts jumped for Blazer. An ex- 
citing tussle followed, but Ed. Maxwell and Rob- 
erts succeeded in getting away, Lon being held. 

The chase that followed for Maxwell is one 
well remembered by every old citizen. Alexander 
McLean was Mayor at that time, and it so hap- 
pened he was just passing as Maxwell darted 
out the door. Instantly surmising what had 
occurred, he gave chase after the fleeing outlaw 
and the race, while It lasted, was an exciting 
one. However, Maxwell was the fleetest and 
was soon lost sight of. 

Instantly, almost, the town was aroused and 
gave Chase. Captain Farwell, Marshal Karr 
McClintock (both now deceased) and George 
Kink mounted horses and rode through the 
country notifying the farmers to be on their 
guard, as Maxwell would more than likely steal 
a horse, one of his old tricks, and endeavor to 
escape. Notwithstanding the warning he suc- 
ceeded in stealing one of Elijah Welch and made 
his escape. He was afterward recaptured at 
Stillwater, Minn., an account of which may be ' 
found elsewhere. 

Anotheb Attempt Thwabted. — One of the 
boldest attempts at escape made was on Novem- 
ber 20, 1S76. The prisoners had in some man- 



I 




^^M'^i-^.^aAnt<iJ\ {fii a^'%n^A^cn-\A^ 



HISTORY OF Mcdonough ccjuxtv 



803 



ner ninde a hole in the reiliiiK, which was ten 
feet hish, and pulled off a balustrade with heavy 
black walnut posts. With these they succeeded 
in [irying off a cell door. Waiting until the 
Sheriff and his wife were away, they com- 
menced an attack on the door of the corridor, 
using the cell door as a battering ram. They 
were making good headway when a girl, em- 
ployed there, he.ird them and at once screamed 
for help. Captain Farwell was passing at the 
time and ran to the door and soon awed them 
into submission. 

Pkisdnkk AiTKMi'Ts SiiciDK. — One of the pris- 
oners concerned was Vince Bowman, and as a 
result of his disapi)oiiitnient, attempted to com- 
mit suicide. The jirisoners asked for a razor 
with which to shave. It was given them and 
after a time one of them reported that Bow- 
man had attempted suicide with the razor. An 
examination showed that he had opened a vein 
in his wrist. A doctor was summoned and the 
wounds dressed. That night he tore off the 
bandages in an effort to bleed to death. The 
turnkey was aroused and told him to put his 
arm out of the cell door and he would ban- 
dage it for him. This Bowman refused to do, 
whereupon the turnkey, picking up a wash- 
basin near by, handed it in the cell and re- 
quested Bowman to bleed in that and not muss 
up the floor of the cell. Bowman then pushed 
out his arm and it was attended to. Later, 
however, he succeeded, in escaping from jail, 
particulars of which are elsewhere given. 

L.\si' AirK.Mi'T .\T Oi.i> .T.\Ti.. — The last attempt 
at escape from the old jail was made November 
25, 1S7G. The prisoners were moved to the new 
jail November 27. They had appeared very 
active for some time and very friendly. They 
told the Sheriff how kindly they felt toward 
him and how well he had treated them. They 
at the same time became much interested in 
the study of music and kept the French harps 
and tambourine going all the time. At last the 
Sheriff believed they had been given leeway 
enough, and he placed them in their cells and 
instituted a vigorous search, which resulted in 
finding four knives and some saws. 

That evening the Sheriff handed in their coal, 
ojiening the door for that purpose, as the aper- 
ture for the passing of the victuals would not 



permit it to be passed through. As the coal 
was handed in two of the prisoners stepped out 
and took hold of the buckets and at the same 
time dumped them in the doorway so the door 
could not be pulled shut. Then a pulling match 
ensued, in which the Sheriff and the guard were 
pitted against four prisoners. Help soon came, 
however, and they were marched back to their 
cells. Later one of the prisoners attempted to 
decoy the Sheriff inside the corridor, but was 
foiled, the intention being to make an outbreak. 
The following Monday they were moved to the 
new jail. 

Fiitsr Esc.\i'K FnoM Nkw .I.\ii.. — The jail build- 
was the pride of McDonough County. Built at 
a cost of $2(;.0(i(i, it was deemed impregnable. 
.Mong in .January there were four prisoners 
confined for petty offenses. All at once they 
became repentant of their evil way and desired 
to lead better lives. Rev. .lames S. Gash, then, 
as now, always anxious that the erring may see 
the error of his ways, and repent and live an 
upright life, was active in their reformation and 
finally succeeded in getting them to express re- 
pentance for their sins and take up the cause 
of their Master. 

On the evening of February 2. 1877, Sheriff 
Hays went to tell the boys goodnight and see 
that they were safely tucked away for the night 
in their little cots. He called them, but they 
(lid not appear and he received no answer. 
Thinking they were hiding to play a joke on 
him, he went among the cells and there dis- 
covered a window with the grating sawed and 
pried away until a hole was made about a foot 
s(piare. A blanket, waving in the breeze, told 
how they had made their descent to the ground. 
However, not wishing to appear ungrateful, the 
following touching note was left to the Sheriff, 
which is reproduced verbatim as to punctuation, 
capitalization, etc.: 

"Feb. 2d. 1S77. Macomb .Tail. McDonough. 

"Mr. Hays, Dear Sir: I think I will quit 
boarding with you. not that I have anything 
against you nor your folks for you all have 
treated me very kind. But I dont like to sponge 
on the county for my board for I am able to 
work for it. I am very thankful to Mr. Gash 
and folks for there kindness to me and the 
good advice for I think it will do me good, 
don't Blame Charley for he did not know Knoth- 



:8o4 



HISTORY OF Mcdonough county. 



ing about this, we worked when he was out. 

So good by, from yours 

"ViNCE Bowman. 
"Jas. M. Hall, 
"Harby Read, 
"Jos Iria Ray." 

A PisisoNKR Killed. — In September, 1S78, Rob- 
ert L. Morgan, a lad of about eighteen years, 
was Ivilled in the jail by a shot from a revolver 
in the hands of Sheriff Hays, who was then 
engaged in a fight with another prisoner, who 
was attempting to escape. 

A short time previous to this four tramps 
were brought to jail here and locked up for 
some trivial offense, and Morgan was one of the 
number. Of all the men confined in the jail, 
these were about the meanest and most trou- 
blesome of any that have ever boarded within 
the iron walls. What they could not think of 
in the shaite of meanness would not be worth 
relating. 

They would yell and swear at the top of their 
voices, curse citizens passing along the streets, 
apply all kinds of indecent remarks to the Sher- 
iff and his deputies at all times, insult ladies, 
and all in all made themselves about as obnox- 
ious as possible. 

On the day of the killing the Sheriff or- 
dered them all into their cells. Three went 
and were locked up. but the fourth refused to 
•go. The Sheriff went inside to force him into 
obedience, and a tussle ensued. During the 
struggle the prisoners in their cells yelled en- 
couragement to their comrade and emi)tied the 
slops from their cells on him. Finally, when 
the officer found he could not subdue the man. 
he pulled his revolver and fired Into the air 
to scare him. This had the effect and the fel- 
low went to his cell. 

Presently the Sheriff heard a groaning and 
went to the cells. There he found young Mor- 
gan prostrate with* a bullet through his abdo- 
men. This was the first intimation that the 
Sheriff had that any one was Injured, as he 
had not aimed toward the cells. The bullet had. 
however, struck Morgan, who was standing at 
his cell door, and inflicted a fatal wound. 

For a time Morgan was defiant. He cursed 
the officer and every one who came in reach, de- 
clared the Sheriff had deliberately aimed at him 
and tried to kill him while he was locked in his 
■ cell. Later, when his condition was revealed to 



him and he was told he must die. he repented 
and admitted that the Sheriff was blameless. 
He then told his parents' names, they being 
highly respected people in Quincy. 

The mother came by the first train to the bed- 
side of her erring boy to nurse him back to life 
if possible. The meeting was a sad one, the 
mother not having known the whereabouts of 
her sou for some time. To have found him in 
this condition was a shock indeed. Everything 
possible was done for him but of no avail. The 
sorrowing mother sat by the bedside of her 
loved boy, and watched the flickering breath 
.grow fainter and fainter until, at last, it stopped 
and she was left alone with her grief and her 
dead. 

E.scai'k of Zack Wilson. — On the evening of 
March 1, 1879, seven prisoners escaped from the 
county jail and all but one — and he the most 
wanted — were recajjtured in a short time. This 
one was Zack Wilson, who was in jail awaiting 
trial for the murder of a man named Thomas 
McDonald at Plymouth. The trouble between 
these men is said to have occurred over Mc- 
Donald's daughter, she blaming her condition on 
Wilson and he denying the charge. One even- 
ing as Wilson was riding home McDonald 
stopped him and cursed him and threatened to 
lick the whole family. A few days later Wilson 
and two of his orothers were in Plymouth, and 
so was McDonald and his brother. Wilson got 
a gun and went after McDonald, finding him in 
a store. He told McDonald to defend himself 
and fired, killing McDonald instantly. Later 
he met McDonald's brother and snapped the gun 
at him, but it missed fire. McDonald then drew 
his revolver and fired at Wilson five times, but 
missed him. 

Wilson was captured some time after that and 
brought to jail at Macomb, the crime being 
committed in Hancock County. On the night 
of the escape. Sheriff Winslow Taylor was at 
Industry, and his deputy — the late Joseph Hays 
— was also away, the only man at the jail being 
Hugh Walker. One of the prisoners asked for 
some water and the turnkey brought It in the 
lon,g-spouted bucket used for the purpose of 
pouring water through the V-shaped door. He 
opened the outer steel door to pour the water 
and. at that instant, the V door was jerked 
open by the prisoners and Walker was pulled 
inside and left. Mrs. Taylor and other ladies 




C'^</'tuc<_. y^ /^Ci^-t^^ p 



HISTORY OF Mcdonough county. 



805 



gave the alarm, and a posse was soon bunting 
the prisoners. Five of them were speedily re- 
captured, in fact makinf,' but little effort to get 
away. Speeney and Wilson were the two who 
in reality made their escape, but the former was 
rec<iptured some time later. 

Wilson was never recaptured, but about fif- 
teen years ago a man was brought back to this 



city who, it was claimed, was Zack Wilson. 
This was one of the most amusing things of the 
time to see the people who had known Wilson 
attempt to identify him. Some declared it was 
Wilson, and do to this date, just as many others 
were equally positive that it was not him and 
looked nothing like him. The man was later 
released, as his identity could not be proven. 




BIOGRAPHICAL 



CHAPTER XXX. 



THE PART OF BIOGBAl'HY IX GKNERAI. HISTORY — 
CITIZENS OF M'UO.NOUC.H COUNTY — I'EBSOXAI. 
SKETCHES ARRANliED IX EXCYCI,()I'EI)IC ORDER. 



The verdict of mankind haj. awarded to the 
Muse of History the highest place among the 
Classic N'ine. The e.xtent of her office, how- 
ever, appears to be, by many minds, but im- 
perfectly understood. The task of the historian 
is comprehensive and exacting. True history 
reaches beyond the doings of court or camp, 
beyond the issue of battles, cr the effects of 
treaties, and records the trials and the tri- 
umphs, the failures and the successes of the 
men who make history. It is but an imperfect 
conception of the philosophy of events that fails 
to accord to portraiture and biography its right- 
ful position iis a part — and no unimportant |)art 
— of historical narrative. Behind and beneath 
the activities of outward life the motive jiower 
lies out of sight, just as the furnace fires that 
work the piston and keep the ponderous screw 
revolving are down in the darkness of the hold. 
So. the impulsive power which shapes the 
course of communities may be found in the 
moulding influences which form its citizens. 

It is no mere idle curiosity that jirompls 
men to wish to learn the private as well as the 
public lives of their fellows. Kather is it true 
that such desire tends to prove universal broth- 
erhood; and the interest in personality and 
biography is not confined to men of any partic- 
ular caste or vocation. 

The list of those to whose lot it falls to play 
a conspicuous part in the great drama of life 
is comparatively short: yet communities are 
made up of individuals, and the aggregate of 



achievements — no less than the sum total of 
human happiness — is made up of the deeds of 
those men and women whose i)rimary aim, 
through life, is faithfully to perform the duty 
that comes nearest to hand. Individual influ- 
ence upon human affairs will be considered 
potent or insignificant according to the stand- 
point from which it is viewed. To him who, 
standing upon the seashore, notes the ebb and 
flow of the tides and listens to the sullen roar 
of the waves, as they break upon the beach 
in seething fbam, seemingly chafing at their 
limitations, the ocean appears so vast as to 
need no tributaries. Yet, without the smallest 
rill that helps to swell the "Father of Waters," 
the mighty torrent of the Mississipj)! would 
be lessened, and the beneficent influence of the 
Gulf Stream diminished. Countless streams, 
currents and counter currents — -sometimes 
mingling, sometimes counteracting each other — 
collectively combine to give motion to the 
accumulated mass of waters. So is it — and so 
must it ever be — in the ocean of human action, 
which is formed by the blending and repulsion 
of currents of thought, of influence and of life, 
yet more numerous and more tortuous than 
those which form the "fountains of the deep." 
The acts and characters of men, like the sev- 
eral faces that compose a composite picture, are 
wrought together into a compact or hetero- 
geneous whole. History is condensed biogra- 
phy: "Biography is History teaching by exam- 
ple." 

It is both interesting and instructive to rise 
above the generalization of history and trace. 
In the personality and careers of the men from 
whom it sprang, the principles and influences, 
the impulses and ambitions, the labors, strug- 
gles and triumphs that engross their lives. 

Here are recorded the careers and achieve- 
ments of pioneers who, "when the fullness of 
time had come." came from widely separated 
sources, some from beyond the sea. impelled 



8o8 



HisT(jRY oi' Mcdonough county. 



by divers motives, little conscious of the import 
of their acts, and but dimly anticipating the 
harvest which would spring from the sowing. 
They built their primitive homes, toiling for a 
present subsistence while laying the foundations 
of private fortunes and future advancement. 

Most of these have passed away, but not 
before they beheld a development of business 
and population surpassing the wildest dreams 
of fancy or expectation. A few yet remain 
whose years have passed the alloted three score 
and ten. and who love to recount, among the 
cherished memories of their lives, their remin- 
iscences of early days. 

Among these early, hardy settlers, and those 
who followed them, may be found the names 
of many who imparted the first impulse to the 
county's and the city's growth and homelike- 
ness; the many who, through tl^eir identifica- 
tion with commercial and agricultural pursuits 
and varied interests, aided in their material 
progress; or skilled mechanics who first laid 
the foundations of beautiful homes and pro- 
ductive industries, and of the members of the 
learned prosessions — clergymen, physicians, edu- 
cators and lawyers — whose influence upon the 
intellectual life and development of a commu- 
nity it is impossible to overestimate. 

Municipal institutions arise; Commerce 
spreads her sails and prepares the way for 
the magic of Science that drives the locomo- 
tive engine over the iron-rails. Trade is organ- 
ized, reaching forth to the shores of the Great 
Lakes and stretching its arms across the prai- 
ries to gather in and distribute the products 
of the soil. Church spires rise to express, in 
architectural form, the faith and aspirations of 
the people, while schools, public and private, 
elevate the standards of education and of artis- 
tic taste. 

Here as some of the men through whose 
labors, faith and thought, these mangnificent 
results have been achieved. To them and to 
their co-laborers, the McDonough County of 
today stands an enduring monument, attest- 
ing their faith, their energy, their courage, and 
their self-sacrifice. 



[The following items of personal and family historv 
having been arranged in enoyclopedic (or Rlphahetical) 
order a.s to names of the individual subjects, no special 
index to this jtart of the worit will be found necessary.] 



ADCOCK, Joseph T. (deceased), formerly a 
well-known and popular grocer of Macomb, Mc- 
Donough County, 111., was born in Washing- 
ton County, Ky., June 25, 183C, a son of Elijah 
and Jemima (Clark) Adcock, natives of Ken- 
tucky. The subject of this sketch attended 
public school in his boyhood, and enlisted in 
the Union Army during the Civil War, serving 
in the Tenth Regiment Kentucky Volunteer 
Infantry, being promoted to the second lieu- 
tenancy and taking part in all the battles par- 
ticipated in by his regiment. He received a 
gun-shot wound which disabled him for further 
service, was honorably discharged, and on recov- 
ering from this injury, came to Macomb in 
1865. In that year he established himself in the 
grocery trade, in which he continued until his 
death. He died of pneumonia April 7, 1891, 
and he was buried in Oakwood Cemetery. 

On September 13, 1866, Mr. Adcock was 
united in marriage with Nancy A. Pace, who 
was born in McDonough County, 111., where 
in her youth she attended public school in 
her neighborhood. Two children. Winnie R. 
and Ardie M., were the offspring of this union. 
The parents of Mrs. Adcock, William J. and 
Sarah (Vawter) Pace, were born in Kentucky. 
In political affairs, Mr. Adcock gave his sup- 
port to the Democratic party. His term of 
service as President of the School Board cov- 
ered eight years in the aggregate. He was a 
consistent member of the Methodist Episcopal 
Church in Macomb, in which he officiated as 
steward. His fraternal affiliation was with the 
Masonic order. The life of Mr. Adcock was be- 
yond reproach. In business affairs he was 
diligent, upright and courteous. As a citizen he 
was public-spirited and useful, and the high 
esteem in which he was held by all who knew 
him attested the pure traits of his character. 

AGNEW, Henry Clay (deceased), formerly a 
prominent lawyer of Macomb, 111., was born in 
Bethel Township, McDonough County, October 
4, 1852, a son of Samuel and Mary (Wilson) 
Agnew, the former a native of Pennsylvania, 
and the latter of Columbiana County, Ohio. His 
maternal grandparents were Samuel and Sarah 
(Crow) Wilson. Mr. Agnew received his early 
education In the public schools of McDonough 
and Warren Counties and at the old .Normal 




f.y. /^2^.yWt 



HISTORY OF Mcdonough county. 



8o<) 



College, Macomb. From 1870 to 1876 he was 
engaged in teaching school in McDonough, 
Warren and Tazewell t'ounties. In 1S76 he en- 
tered the law departnient of the Iowa State 
University at Iowa City, and was graduated 
from that institution in June, 1877. Until 
1879 he taught school, and then commenced the 
practice of law in Macomb. Politically, Mr. 
Agnew was a Republican and was influential 
in the councils of his party. In 1.SS2 Mr. Ag- 
new was elected City Attorney of Macomb, and 
in 18S4 was elected to the office of State's At- 
torney of McDonough County. He served as a 
member of the Macomb School Board and City 
Council, and at the time of his death, was serv- 
ing as Master in Chancery. 

On July IS, 1894. Mr. Agnew was united in 
marriage with Josephine Cleveland. Two chil- 
dren resulted from their union, namely: Nel- 
lie J. and Henry Clay, Jr. Fraternally, the sub- 
ject of this sketch was a member of the A. O. 
U. W., M. W. A., I. O. O. F. and K. of P. Mr. 
Agnew died September 28, 1902, leaving a 
stainless record behind him. As a lawyer, his 
standing was high; in his public career he 
was faithful to duty; in domestic life he was a 
model husband and father; socially, he was 
greatly esteemed, and his death was deeply 
lamented. 

AGNEW, Oral M., w-ho is successfully engaged 
1n ihe livery business in the village of Indus- 
try, McDonough County, was born in Schuyler 
County, 111., February 4, 1858, the son of James 
and Delilah (Hudson) Agnew — the former a 
native of Pennsylvania and the later of Indi- 
ana. In early youth Mr. Agnew attended the 
common school in his neighborhood, and at the 
age of seventeen years left home to work on a 
farm. He continued thus until he reached his 
majority, thon worked at home one year, after 
which he was employed for six years on a farm 
north of Industry. After spending a year in 
Schuyler County, he worked two years in In- 
dustry, and then was employed two years on 
his father's farm. In 1878. Mr. Agnew moved 
to Industry, and was engaged in various occu- 
I)ations for two years. In 1899, he started in 
the manufacture of soft drinks but sold out in 
1902. In that year he went into horse dealing 
and trading, in which he continued until Au- 
gust 8, 1904. when he bought the livery busi- 
13 



ness of A. S. Ellis, which he now conducts, 
and which is the only extensive business of this 
kind In Industry. Mr. Agnew is very energetic, 
attends closely to his stable and stock and en- 
joys a profitable patronage. 

On February 15, 1881, Mr. Agnew was united 
in marriage with Henrietta Lewis, who was 
born and schooled in Schuyler County, III. 
She died June 24, 1892, leaving one child. Clin- 
ton D. Mr. .Agnew married as his second wife 
Eliza Sullivan, who was born and educated in 
Industry. The [lolitical o|)inions of Mr. Agnew 
are in accordance with the principles of the Re- 
publican party. 

ALEXANDER, Samuel J.— .Among the positive 
and vigorous characters that have made their 
impress on the business and social life of 
Bushnell, 111., and upon the agricultural con- 
ditions of McDonough County, not the least 
in point of example and influence is Samuel 
J. Alexander. In his composition are notably 
manifest those qualities of rugged manhood, 
strict probity, tenacious persistence and intelli- 
gent discrimination, which constitute a potent 
force in advancing the development of any com- 
munity which is fortunate in being the sphere 
of their activity. Mr. Alexander was born in 
Wayne County, Ind., July 10, 1821, a son of 
James and Permelia (Adams) Alexander, grew 
up to manhood on the paternal farm, and in 
early youth received a good common-school ed- 
ucation. When twenty-three years old he w-ent 
to Ohio, where he engaged in mercantile pur- 
suits in the village of New Westville. After 
remaining there one year, he returned to In- 
diana, and there followed the same business 
in Boston, Wayne County. Two years later, 
he was engaged in a similar enterprise in 
Darke County. Ohio, in which he continued un- 
til his removal to the vicinity of Bardolph, Mc- 
Donough County, HI., where he devoted his 
attention to farming on rented land. After 
being thus engaged for one year, he bought a 
farm in Macomb Township, which he cultivated 
until 18(58, when he took up his residence in 
Bushnell and there established a grocery. In 
18G9 he entered into partnership with E. D. 
C. Haines in the lumber trade, building up a 
large and profitable business. He sold his in- 
terest in this concern to his partner in 1880, 
and withdrew from active business, and has 



8io 



HISTORY OF Mcdonough county. 



since spent his time looking after his property 
interests and negotiating loans of his surplus 
funds. 

Mr. Alexander did his full share in the pio- 
neer work of the early days in McDonough 
County, clearing and breaking up the wild land, 
and with his worthy spouse, enduring the dis- 
comforts, privations and hazards incident to 
that period. His resolute, persevering, resource- 
ful and discerning qualities, as well as his in- 
domitable energy, gradually led to merited 
prosperity. He is a man of attractive appear- 
ance and genial deportment, simple in manner 
and speech, never assuming an aggressive at- 
titude, but winning the good will, respect and 
confidence of every one with whom he has busi- 
ness or social relations. He has always been 
inspired by a high public spirit, and has advo- 
cated, and supported with substantial contri- 
butions, all measures designed for the general 
welfare, generously aiding many worthy and 
beneficent institutions, especially churches, 
schools and charitable institutions. In politics 
he is a firm Republican, but is always discrim- 
inating and conscientious in scrutinizing the 
merits of civic policies and of candidates for 
political preferment. In fraternal circles he is 
identified with the Masonic Order. His busy, use- 
ful and exemplary career is a strong incentive 
to all who are entering upon the threshold of 
active life. At the age of nearly four-score and 
ten years, he is still clear in mind and sound 
in body. 

The marriage of Mr. Alexander occurred in 
New Westville. Preble County, Ohio, August 
24, 1845, when he wedded Hannah Cowgill, 
who was born in Fremont, Ohio, August 7, 1828. 
Thrice fortunate was Mr. Alexander in select- 
ing a life-companion to share his domestic joys 
and sorrows, and to supplement his arduous 
exertions in acquiring a competency of this 
world's goods and developing the character 
which had dignified his later career. Together 
with her husband, her parents and only brother. 
Mrs. Alexander made her home in McDonough 
County, 111., where, in Bushnell and in its vicin- 
ity, all of their married life was passed, with 
the exception of four years' residence In Rich- 
mond, Ind., during the period intervening be- 
tween 1886 and 1890. Her union with Mr. Alex- 
ander resulted in five sons, all of whom were 
overtaken by death when quite young. Mrs. 
Alexander was in most respects a remarka- 



ble woman, and one who with the favoring aid of 
more thorough educational facilities in early 
youth, and with less of unobtrusiveness and 
attachment for the quietude and matronly du- 
ties of the home circle, would naturally have 
been a conspicuous figure in that line of un- 
selfish public endeavor, graced by many of 
her sex. who thereby attained wide and en- 
during reputation. She iwssessed excejjtional 
strength of character, and was animated by • 
deep convictions in matters of right and wrong, 
which no considerations or surroundings could 
induce her to disregard or suppress. In the 
conduct of household work, she was a model 
of order, tidiness and thrift. Her downright 
honesty in forming, maintaining and express- 
ing opinions on radically important subjects. 
was recognized with sincere respect throughout 
a wide circle of acquaintances, and the fidelity 
with which she fulfilled the obligations of 
friendship won her the respect of all who 
knew her. To her. evasion, prevarication, 
disingenuousness and every form of hypocrisy, 
were an abomination and utterly re])ulsive. 

The final sickness of Mrs. Alexander was 
protracted and painful, but through all the 
agony of slowly approaching dissolution, she 
manifested an unswerving faith in her Savior, 
and a cheering assurance of the blissful rest 
awaiting her in the heavenly mansions pre- 
pared for the people of God. She was a zealous, 
devout and active member of the Presbyterian 
Church, and her self-denying exertions in 
church work are gratefully remembered as a 
shinin.g example by the surviving membership. 
After lingering upon the bed of sickness nearly 
two years, in a condition of suffering beyond 
any (except temporary) relief from medical 
skill, and unmitigated by even a faint hope of 
recovery. Mrs. Alexander passed peacefully 
away on December 1. 1902. and the memory of 
her life of self-sacrifice and benevolence will 
long be cherished by those who knew her In the 
intimacies of daily companship. 

ALLEN, John, who was formerly a successful 
farmer in Mound Township. McDonough Coun- 
ty. 111., and is now a retired citizen of Macomb, 
that county, was born in Pulaski County, Ky., 
July 23, 1841, and there attended public school. 
His father. Rufus T. Allen, was born in the 
same county, and his mother. Rhoda (Adams) 
Allen, was a native of the same State. His 




'q^sMUck -fo iic^^ 



cL^n 



HISTORY OF Mcdonough coumty. 



8ri 



patprnal grandparents, David and Patsie (Har- 
ris) Allen, were born, respectively, in South 
Carolina and Virginia, and his grandfather on 
the maternal side. .lames Adams, was a Ken- 
tucliian. The grandmother was originally a 
Miss Carr. Rutus T. Allen and his wife had 
three children, of whom their son .John was the 
eldest. In 1S54 the family went to Missouri, 
and in 1S(!3. they came to Walnut Grove Town- 
ship, McDonough County, 111., where the father 
purchased a farm. John Allen remained with 
his parents until he was thirty-two years old, 
when he bought the Mound Township farm. 
There he was engaged in general farming and 
stock raising until the si)ring of 1901. when he 
retired from active business and removed to 
.Macomb. Here he built a fine residence on 
East Carroll Street, where he enjoys ample 
leisure. 

On February 12. 1874. Mr. Allen was united 
in marriage with Mary L. Derby, who was 
born in Brimfield. 111., where she attended the 
district school. The children resulting from 
this vmion are: Rosa Belle (Mrs. O. G. Thomp- 
son). Daisy May (Mrs. E. H. McCullough), ana 
Bessie Irene, formerly a teacher in the Macomb 
Preparatory Normal School, now the wife of 
Prof. O. n. Read, who holds the Cliair of Sci- 
ences in Winnebago College. Minn., in which 
institution both will hereafter continue their 
educational work. 

Politically, the subject of this sketch is a 
Democrat and served for six years as Treas- 
urer of Mound Township. His religious con- 
nection is with the Free Will Baptist Church. 
As a farmer he pursued intelligent and thrifty 
methods, as a public official he was faithful to 
his trust, and as a citizen, he is highly es- 
teemed. 

ALLISON, H. Austin, a prominent citizen of 
Goo<l Hope, -McDonough County, 111., who is 
there successfully engaged in the banking busi- 
ness, was born in Ross County. Ohio, on Feb- 
ruary 2. 1S4!). son of Wiliam and Margaret 
(Eakle) Allison, natives of the State of Vir- 
ginia. William Allison was a farmer and sur- 
veyor by occupation. He came to McDonough 
County in 1S52 and carried on farming. The 
subject of this sketch was educated at CheiTv 
Grove Academy and Lincoln College, III., and 
was engaged in mercantile pursuits in Good 



Hope until 1S90, when, in connection with .1. 
H. Cummings and Q. C. Ward, he organized 
the Bank of Good Hope, with a capital of ?20,- 
000. It is a private banking concern and has a 
membership in the State Bankers' Association 
On September 2. 1S75, Mr. Allison was united 
in marriage with Mary J. Campbell, who was 
born in McDonough County, a daughter of 
David and Winifred (Bridges) Campbell. Two 
children have resulted from their union. Alvah 
and Charles. 

Politically, Mr. Allison supports the Demo- 
cratic party. He served two terms as Super- 
visor of Sciota Township, and has held the 
office of President of the Village Board. He is 
an elder in the Cumberland Presbyterian 
Church, representing that church in the (Jen- 
eral Assembly of 1902. He bears the reputa- 
tion of a sound and persi)icacious financier. 
Mr. Allison was made a Mason in 1870. and is a 
member of Good Hope Lodge. Xo. CAl. A. F. & 
A. M.. and has filled several offices in the organ- 
zation. 

ANDERSON, Richard Berry, who resides at 
.\o. 901 We.st Carroll Street. Macomb, was 
born in Perry County. III.. .June 9. 1S53. 
He is the son of Berry and Eliza (Marlow) An- 
derson, natives of Illinois, where the former 
was born in Kaskaskia in 1805. Amos and 
Tabitha Anderson, the paternal grandparents, 
were natives of Virginia. The grandparents on 
the mother's side, Richard and Sarah Marlow, 
were born in Illinois. Perry County, III., was 
organized at the home of Herry Anderson. 
Ho was a liberal-minded. public-s|)irited 
man. a firm friend of education, and de- 
voted much of his time and means to the edu- 
cation of his family. The subject of this 
sketch considers his father the greatest teacher 
he has ever seen. Richard B. Anderson at- 
tended the public schools in the neighborhood 
of his early home, and supplemented his pri- 
mary education by courses in the Illinois Ag- 
ricultural College and the National Normal 
School at Lebanon. Ohio. At the age of twenty 
years he began teachin,g. He was Superintend- 
ent of Schools at Pickneyville. III., for six 
years. County Superintendent of Perry County 
(111.) schools four years. Superintendent of 
Schools at Carlinville, III., five years, and of the 
Bushnell (111.) schools seven years. For two 



8l2 



HISTORY OF Mcdonough county. 



years he occupied the Chair of Sciences in 
Shurtleff College. He has Ijeen a member of 
the Illinois State Teachers' Association for 
twenty-five years, of the Southern Illinois 
Teachers' Association from its organization, 
and of the National Teachers' Association for 
ten years. He has read the proof-sheets of 
many text books before they were finally pub- 
lished, has been a contributor to many educa- 
tional magazines, and has been much engaged 
as Institute Instructor and lecturer on edu- 
cational and social topics. On August 14, 
1879, Mr. Anderson was married to Henrietta 
Bowman, who was born in Tennessee, where in 
girlhood she attended the public schools. Mr. 
and Mrs. Anderson have one child. Elma Veva. 
who is a graduate of the high school under her 
father's supervision, and also of Know Con- 
servatory of Music. The religious belief of Mr. 
Anderson is based on the creed of the Baptist 
Church. On political issues his views are in 
accordance with the policies of the Republican 
party. 

ANDREWS, Charles, a well known and thrifty 
farmer of Chalmers Township, McDonough 
County, 111.. . was born in Somersetshire, 
England, September 24, 1S26. His par- 
ents were .lohn and Ann (Biddlecomb) An- 
drews, natives of England. William Andrews, 
his paternal grandfather, married a lady named 
Williams, both being of English nativity. 
Thomas and Mary (Locky) Biddlecomb, of 
English birth, were the maternal grandparents. 
Charles Andrews and his brother, Henry, came 
to Philadelphia, Pa., May 4, 1850. They 
journeyed on foot and by canal and wagon to 
McDonough County, 111., where they engaged 
in farming on rented land for thirteen years. 
In 1856 Charles went back to England, where 
he remained six months. Returning to Mc- 
Donough County, they operated rented farms 
until 1864. In the fall of that year, Mr. An- 
drews bought a farm of eighty acres in Sec- 
tion 24. Chalmers Township, to which he 
moved May 6, lSf)4. Ten years later he bought 
forty acres more adjoining his farm. He 
cleared the tract of all timber, built a comfort- 
able house and made other improvements, and 
now has one of the finest farms in the town- 
ship. The religious faith of Mr. Andrews is 
based on the creed of the Presbyterian Church. 
On political issues he is affiliated with the 



Republican party. His brother Henry never 
married, and died in November, 1902, at the 
home of his brother-in-law, .Joseph Bown, in 
Scotland Township. 

ANDREWS, Charles, who is successfully en- 
gaged in farming in Industry Township, Mc- 
Donough County, 111., was born in this town- 
ship September 21, 1865, and here received his 
early education in the public schools. He is 
a son of Thomas and Sarah (Garland) An- 
drews, whose biographical record appears on 
another page of this volume. The subject of 
this sketch was the seventh of ten children 
born to his jiarents of whom three girls and 
five boys are living. He remained at home 
until he was twenty-eight years old, when he 
rented a farm in Chalmers Township for two 
years. At the end of that period he purchased 
a farm of 120 acres in Industry Township, and 
to this has added from time to time until he is 
now the owner of 210 acres of excellent farming 
land in Section 5. His main crops consist of 
corn, wheat and oats, and he also raises norses, 
cattle and hogs. 

Mr. Andrews was united in marriage Feb- 
ruary 28, 1894, to Jennie Curran, a daughter 
of Nicholas and Maria (Teal) Curran, natives 
of Ireland and Illinois. They resided in Mc- 
Donough County near Industry until their 
death and Mrs. Andrews herself was born and 
schooled in Industry Township. Five children 
have been born to the union of Mr. and Mrs. 
Charles Andrews, namely: Lena Ruth, Ethel 
May, Charles William, Beulah Viola and Earl 
DeLoss. Mr. Andrews is a supporter of the 
principles of the Republican party, and frater- 
nally is identified with the I. O. O. F. He 
and his family are members of the Presbyterian 
Church. He holds a high place in the esteem 
of his neighbors and is considered one of the 
substantial members of the community. 

ANDREWS, John T., a well-known resident of 
Chalmers Township, McDonough County, 111., 
where he is successfully engaged in stock- 
raising, was born in McDonough County, April 
27, 1855, a son of James and Rosanna (Bown) 
Andrews, natives of Middlezoy, England. His 
parents came to McDonough County in the fall 
of 1S54. and settled in Scotland Township, where 
they remained four years. The family then 
moved to Chalmers Township, where the father 



HISTORY OF Mcdonough county. 



5'3 



bought a farm, the cultivation of whicli occu- 
pied him until his death March 20. 190:;. 

John T. Andrews is the eldest of a family of 
eleven children born to his parents. In early 
youth he attended public school, and remained 
on the home farm until he reached the age of 
twenty-five years. He then entered into matri- 
mony and conducted a rented farm six years. 
At the end of that period he bought seventy 
acres of farming land in Section 2(>, and eighty 
acres in Section 2f), Chalmers Township. Here 
he devotes his attention to raising Shorthorn 
cattle and thoroughbred Poland-China hogs, 
with corn and grain for feeding purposes. 

On December 2:'.. 1S79. Mr. Andrews was 
joined in wedlock with Mary M. .Johnson, w'ho 
was born in Franklin County. Ohio, and at- 
tended school in Illinois. Of this union eight 
<'hildren have been born, namely: Mary Leona. 
who died in infancy; Amy Ethel. Rose Malinda. 
.lames .Johnson, John Clifford. Mary Lenora. 
Laura. .Mildred and .Ada l..ois. In politics the 
subject of this sketch gives his support to 
the Republican party. He has served a-s Su- 
pervisor, and was elected Highway Commis- 
sioner in the si>ring of 1903. His religious 
faith is founded on the doctrines of the 
Lutheran Church. Mr. Andrews is thorough 
and systematic in the conduct of his work, and 
the results produced attest the close and in- 
telligent attention he bestows upon it. 

ANDREWS, Thomas, who has been for more 
than half a century engaged in farming in 
Industry Township, McDonough County, 111., 
was born in Somersetshire. Kngland, July 21. 
is;:!, a son of .John and .-\nii ( Middlecomb I 
Andrews, also natives of England. William 
Andrews, the paternal grandfather, and 1 homas 
Biddlecomb. the grandfather on the mother's 
side, were also of English birth. Thomas An- 
drews, who is the second of nine children born 
to his parents, received his education in the 
common schools and worked on a farm until 
1849. At that i)eriod he came to the United 
States and located in Ohio, where he continued 
in farm work for nine months. He then came 
to Schuyler County. 111., and was employed 
for one year in the same occupation, after 
which he located in M<-Donough County and 
worked four years with his two brothers. In 
1S59. Mr. Andrews bought a farm of forty 
acres in Industry Township, to which he added 



from time to time until his farming possessions 
now amount to 350 acres of land. This is 
situated in four townships, viz.: Scotland. 
Industry, Bethel and Chalmers. Of late years 
he has lived on his original farm in Industry 
Township, Section G. When he first came to 
this vicinity all his land was in timber. The 
whole region was a wilderness, and deer were 
abundant. Mr. Andrews cleared all of his land 
Init alioiit forty acres, and has made all the 
improvements. 

Three weeks before Christmas, in 1S47, Mr. 
Andrews was married to Sarah Garland, a na- 
tive of Somersetshire, England, who has borne 
him ten children, namely: Eliza (Mrs. Cobb); 
Ellen (.Mrs. Venard): William; Josei)n. of Ma- 
comb. 111.; Annie (Mrs. Stevens); Charles, 
Geor.ge. Frank and two who died in infancy. 
In political contests. Mr. Andrews ranges him- 
self on the side of the Republican party, and 
is affiliated with the Presbyterian Church. 

ANDREWS, William, who has been success- 
fully engaged in farming in McDonough Coun- 
ty, 111., for more than half a century, is still 
carrying on his customary work in Chalmers 
Township, where he worked by the day in the 
middle of his "teens." He was born in Somer- 
set.shire. England, February 2, 1S3.5. and is a 
son of John and Ann (Biddlecomb) Andrews, 
natives of England, the father's birthplace be- 
ing the city of London. The grandiiarents on 
both sides — William and Sarah (Williams) An- 
drews and Thomas and Mary (Lockyer) Bid- 
dlecomb — were all of English origin, as were 
the paternal great-grandparents. David and 
Mary ( Morgan ) Andrews. 

William Andrews, the subject of this sketch, 
is the seventh son of his parents, and had two 
younger sisters. He obtained his schooling 
partly in England and partly in McDonough 
County. 111., where he arrived in 1S53. He at 
once started to work on a farm in Scotland 
Towns'iip. seven years later removing to Chal- 
mers Township. Two years afterwards he 
bought a farm of 120 acres in Section 26 and 
27 of the latter township, which was all in 
timber. This he cleared, and subsequently pur- 
chased 160 acres in Section 27. At present Mr. 
Andrews is the owner of 2S0 acres of land, on 
which he raises cattle, hogs, and horses. His 
principal crops are corn and grass for use in 
feeding. 



8i4 



HISTORY OF McDONOUGH COUNTY. 



In June, 1S62. Mr. Andrews was married to 
Rowena McCormick, who is a native of Ken- 
tucky, where she received her early mental 
training in the common schools. The children 
resulting from this union are: Emma (Mrs. 
Leslie Baty): John Oliver: Ida (Mrs. Alfred 
Sturgeon); Inez (Mrs. Alonzo Baymiller); and 
Blanche (Mrs. Michael Sullivan). In politics, 
Mr. Andrews is a Republican. He has held the 
office of School Trustee four terms, and has 
served as School Director for many years. 

APPLEGATE, James T.— As a prosperous 
mine oiierator, and President of the Applegate 
& Lewis Coal Company, James T. Applegate is 
rounding out a career of varied experience, 
resulting in a wide knowledge of business tac- 
tics and ethics, and ready adaptation to the 
general needs of twentieth century existence. 
Born on a farm near Rushville, Schuyler Coun- 
ty, 111., June 26, 1831, Mr. Applegate is a son 
of Richard P. Applegate, who was born in 
Simpsonville, near Louisville. Ky., in 1793, and 
grandson of Benjamin Applegate, who spent 
his entire life in Louisville. His mother, Ta- 
bitha (Hawley) Applegate, was born In Ken- 
tucky in 1799, and died in Illinois in December, 
1871. 

Emerging from a youth uneventfully passed 
on the old homestead, and in which work in 
the fields was interspersed with attendance at 
the district school, Mr. Applegate found him- 
self a victim of the western fever, which un- 
settled half the wage-earners between tne two 
oceans during the middle of the last century. 
Lured by the prospect of a quickly made fortune 
in the gold fields on the Pacific coast, he 
reached the Mecca of his dreams under cir- 
cumstances that would have dismayed the most 
ambitious Argonauts. Leaving home in Jan- 
uary, 1852, he left Panama the following March 
in a sailing vessel, the British bark "Emily" 
destined for ei.ghty-four days upon the deep 
before reaching the port of Mansanillo, Mexico, 
where they stopped four days laying in sup- 
plies of food and water, as they were short of 
both. They then coasted up to San Bias, where 
they remained forty-seven days waiting an op- 
portunity to secure passage on another vessel, 
as the "Emily" had been declared unseaworthy. 
Through the American Consul the passengers 
finally secured passage on the "Archibald 
Gracla," a sailing vessel, which was little 



better than the "Emily." On this vessel they 
were on the ocean forty-five days more before 
reaching San Francisco on September 11, 1852. 
During this time thirty-nine of two hundred and 
fifty passengers died from various causes, and 
for the greater part of the voyage half-rations 
of food and a pint of water constituted the 
daily allowance. After reaching his destination 
Mr. Applegate engaged in mining in different 
parts of California, continuing his residence in 
the West until returning to Illinois in the fall 
of 1867. 

From a comparatively small beginning Mr. 
Applegate engaged in the stock-business for 
man.v years in Illinois, and in ISSl accompanied 
Dr. Westfall to Europe, repeating the trip the 
following year, and on both occasions brought 
back with him high grade horses. He has dealt 
extensively in horses, cattle, hogs and grain, 
and has bought and sold town and country 
properties, at present owning two thousand 
acres of land in Kansas and Nebraska. At 
Moline, 111., in 1895, in company with Mr. 
Keefer, he purchased 160 acres of coal lands, 
which since have been operated with gratifying 
success. Dr. Lewis bought Mr. Keefer's interest 
in 1897 and The Applegate & Lewis Coal Com- 
pany was organized with Mr. Applegate as Pres- 
ident. Mrs. Applegate as Vice-President, and Dr. 
Robert E. Lewis as Secretary. Dr. Lewis for- 
merly was a general practitioner in Macomb 
for fourteen years, and gave up a business of 
$4,000 to $5,000 a year to look after the grow- 
ing Interests of the coal company.. The firm 
owns mines at Cuba and Hanna City, 111., em- 
ploys about two hundred and twenty-five men, 
and has a mining capacity of 1.500 tons of coal 
a day. Formerly Mr. Applegate had an inter- 
est in the sewer-pipe concern now operating 
under the name of Dickey & Company, of 
Kansas City, and which have several concerns 
engaged in the manufacture of sewer-pipe in 
different parts of the country. The plant at 
Macomb, 111., in which Mr. Applegate was inter- 
ested, burned in 1896 with a loss of $40,000 
above the insurance and was almost immediate- 
ly rebuilt. 

Politically. Mr. Ai)ple,gate is a Republican, 
and fraternally is connected with the Macomb 
Lodge No. 17, A. F. & A. M. December 24, 
1864, he married Lucinda Murry, a native of 
Schuyler County, III., and a graduate of the 
Rushville high school. Mrs. Applegate is a 




^AMEIS HARRIS JH - 



HISTORY OF Mcdonough county. 



8lS 



ilaughter of Allen and Sarah (Marvin) Miirry, 
natives of New York and Vermont, respectively. 
To Mr. and .Mrs. Apple^ate have been horn two 
children, of w^hora Fannie died at the age of two 
years, and Addie L. is the wife of Dr. Robert 
E. Lewis, of .Macomb. .Mr. Applegate is a man 
cf strong and forceful character, and through- 
out an extended and busy career has evinced 
the most important and fundamental requisites 
of success. 

ARCHER, John M., formerly a prosperous 
farmer in Macomb Township, McUonough 
County, III., now living in retirement in Ma- 
comb, was born April 14, lt>27, in Warren Coun- 
ty, Ohio, where he enjoyed the limited ad- 
vantages of the common schools of that period. 
He is a son of John and Rachel (Hillman) 
Archer, natives of New .Jersey, the father hav- 
ing been born in Camden County. John M. 
Archer was the youngest of six children born 
to his parents. In his youth he learned the 
l)Iasterer"s trade, which he followed from 1847 
to 1SG5. Afterward, until ISGS, he worked at 
farming. The period between April, 1868, and 
January, 18G9, he spent in Bushnell. Early in 
1809 he bought a farm in Macomb Township, 
on which he lived until 1882, when he located 
in Macomb. Here he bought a tract of three 
acres, on which he built a house and made all 
necessary improvements. These premises he 
now occupies in comfortable retirement, free 
from the strain of active e.xertion. 

On May 2, 1852, Mr. Archer was married 
to Mary E. Parshall, whose birthplace was in 
Wood County, Ohio, where she attended public 
school. Her parents, James G. and Margaret 
(Staley) Parshall, were born in Allegheny 
County. Pa. This union resulted in the follow- 
ing children, namely: Rachel Elmy (Mrs. M. 
L. Harris), bor^ in 1853 and now living in 
College Springs, Iowa; Florence Belle (Mrs. 
John F. Booth), deceased, born in 1855; Mary 
E. (Mrs. George Smith), born in 1857; G. 
Franklin, born in 1860; John W., born July 
20, 18G3, and Elizabeth G., born March 8, 18C5, 
who became the wife of Elmer E. Pollick. of 
California. In politics Mr. Archer is a Repub- 
lican. He has served as Supervisor for one 
term, and as member of the City Council from 
the Third Ward for three terms. Fraternally, 
he belongs to the Masonic order, Macomb Lodge, 
No. 17. Mr. Archer spent about thirty-five 



years in earning the repose which he noiw 
enjoys, conscious of having well performed the 
duties of life. ^ 

ARGENBRIGHT, Henry L., one of the most 
enterprising and substantial farmers in Hlan- 
dinsville Townshii). .McDonough County, 111., 
was born in Crawford County, Ind., on Feb- 
ruary 14, 1855, and there in boyhood attended 
the public schools. He is a son of August and 
Catherine (Bryles) Argenbright, natives of In- 
diana. August Argenbright came to Blandins- 
ville at an early period, and carried on farm- 
ing. The subject of this sketch arrived in Mc- 
Donough County in 1871, and located in Hire 
Township. He engaged in farming until 1880, 
when he purchased twenty-six acres of land in 
Section 2 of that township. In 1898 he bought 
his present place in Section 35, Blandinsville 
Township, and now owns 242 acres in this 
Section, and in Sections 1 and 2, Hire Town- 
ship. On this land Mr. Argenbright has made 
all the improvements. He has always followed 
agricultural pursuits, has been one of the most 
extensive feeders of stock in this section, and is 
also engaged in breeding Percheron horses. 
He has one of the finest homes in McDonough 
County, equipped with all modern improve- 
ments. 

On December 25, 1877, Mr. Argenbright was 
married to Ellie Davidson, who was born in 
La Grange County, Ind. Five children have 
resulted from this union, namely: Frank 
(deceased at the age of ten years); Fanny, 
Mabel, Ethel and Gilbert. Politically, Mr. 
Argenbright is a Democrat. Religiously, he 
leans toward the Methodist Church. Frater- 
nally, he is identified with the Modern Wood- 
men of America. Mrs. Argenbright's parents, 
John and Nancy (Gilbert) Davidson, were born, 
respectively, in Ohio and New York, and, com- 
ing to McDonough County in 1854, located on 
the farm where she now resides. 

ARGENBRIGHT, Isaac, who is successfully 
engaged in farming in Hire Township, Mc- 
Donough County. 111., and one of the most sub- 
stantial representatives of the agricultural ele- 
ment in this region, was born in Crawford 
County, Ind.. April 30, 1847, a son of Augustus 
and Catherine ( Bryles) Argenbright. natives 
also of that State. The subject of this sketch 
came to McDonough County, in 1870, and 



8i6 



HISTORY OF Mcdonough county. 



worked at farming here and there for six years. 
Being economical and frugal, he accumulated 
a sufficiency to begin farming on his own re- 
sponsibility, and bought forty acres of land in 
1877, locating In Section 1, Hire Township. 
To this he has made additions, as opportunity 
offered, until he is now the owner of 600 acres 
of choice land. On this he has made most of 
the improvements, having built his present 
residence twelve years ago. He follows general 
farming and stock-raising, breeding Shorthorn 
cattle and Percheron horses, and ranks among 
the most extensive and successful agriculturists 
in McDonough County. 

On November 19, 1876, Mr. Argenbright was 
joined in wedlock with Harriet F. Locke, a na- 
tive of Indiana. Pour children have blessed 
their union, namely: Vernon, Zella, Hazel and 
Genevan. The religious connection of Mr. 
Argenbright is with the Christian Church. Po- 
litically, he is a supporter of the Democratic 
party. He has rendered good service to the 
townshii) as Road Commissioner, and held the 
office of Supervisor iu 1900-02. 

ARMSTRONG, Frederick S., who is Superin- 
tendent of the Gas and Electric Light Plant of 
Macomb, McDonough County, III., was born in 
Greene County, 111., January 20, 1863. His 
father, Joseph R. Armstrong, was born in Rog- 
■ersville, Tenn., and his mother. Anna E. ( Whi])- 
ple) Armstrong, in Marietta, Ohio. His pa- 
ternal grandfather, Clinton Armstrong, was 
also born in Rogersville. His grandfather on 
ithe mother's side was E. Augustus Whipple. 
Mr. Armstrong attended the common schools 
■of Carlinville, 111., and afterward pursued a 
«ourse of study in Blackburn University, also 
located in that city. Two years after he com- 
pleted his education he applied himself to 
civil engineering, in which he was occupied for 
ten years, being employed by the Government 
for two years in Utah, and also in Kansas and 
Illinois. He was afterward engaged in mer- 
chandising in Bardolph, 111., for three years, 
and in engineering at Peoria for two years. 
On October 1, 1901, he came to Macomb, to 
take charge of the Electric Light and Gas 
Works, and has continued in this capacity 
since that period. 

Mr. Armstrong was married May 7, 1S91. to 
Nellie Provine, who was born and schooled 
in Macomb, ajid they have one child, Anna E., 



born October b, 1894. Politically, Mr. Arm- 
strong is a Republican, in religious faith is a 
Presbyterian, and his fraternal affiliations are 
with the Masonic Order, and the Modern Wood- 
men of America. 

ARTER, Daniel, formerly an energetic and 
successful farmer in Prairie City Township, 
McDonough County. 111., where he now lives in 
comfortable retirement, was born on January 
6, 1836, in Richland County, Ohio. He is a 
son of Henry and Susanna (Musselman) Arter, 
natives of Pennsylvania. The subject of this 
sketch moved from Ohio to Iowa in 18.58, and 
in 18.59 came from Iowa to Illinois and settled 
in Warren County. In 1878 he came to Mc- 
Donough County, buying 120 acres of land in 
Section 8, Prairie City Township, and later, 
240 acres west of the first purchase and eighty 
acres In Section 16. He followed farming 
and stock-raising with success, but has now 
practically left the operation of the farms to 
his sons. All the buildings on his land were 
put up by him, and he made, all the improve- 
ments on the place where he now lives. 

On September 21, 1865, Mr. Arter was mar- 
ried in Richland County, Ohio, to Samantha 
Mitchell, who was born in that county, and at- 
tended the common schools in her youth, as 
did her husband. Six children blessed their 
union, of whom the following are living: 
Frank L., Roy, Pearl B. and Guy. Politically, 
Mr. Arter is an adherent of the Republican 
party, and both he and his wife affiliate with 
the Methodist Church. Mr. Arter is a man 
of upright character, and bears an unblemished 
reputation. Mrs. Arter is a daughter of Eph- 
raim and Cynthia (Eustick) Mitchell, both born 
in Ohio and passed their lives in their native 
State. She was the fifth in a family of eleven 
children and came west after her marriage. 

ARVIN, James (deceased), for many years a 
successful, influential and highly-esteemed 
farmer in Schuyler County, 111., and later a 
i-esident of Macomb, McDonough County, 111., 
was born in Garrard County, Ky.. August 30, 
1822, and received his early education in the 
country schools of his neighborhood. His fam- 
il.v was of Scotch descent, and he was a son of 
Starling and Elizabeth (Leysher) Arvin, na- 
tives of Nova Scotia. The subject of this 
sketch was the youngest of ten children. At 





ayt-^M_^ 



HISTORY OF Mcdonough county. 



817 



the age of seventeen years he came to Schuyler 
County, III., where he was engaged in tarming 
until 1S92, when he moved to Macomb, where 
he died, .June 20, 19(14. When he began life 
for himself he possessed very little means, but 
by industry, economy and thrift, he acquired 
considerable property. 

On May IT, 1SS2, Mr. Arvin was united in 
marriage with Margaret E. Wheat, who was 
born in Littleton. Schuyler County, 111., where 
in girlhood she attended the district schools, 
afterward pursuing a course' of study in the 
Branch College. Macomb. One child, James, 
resulted from this union, who died September 
9. 1901, at the age of seventeen years. The 
political views of Mr. Arvin were in harmony 
with the policies of the Republican party. Re- 
ligiously he was an active and u.seful member 
of the Baptist Church in Macomb, and con- 
tributed liberally toward the construction of 
the new church edifice of that denomination, 
his donation of two thousand dollars being the 
largest one made for that i)urpose in Macomb. 
In every relation of life. .lames Arvin was an 
upright and conscientious man. He took faith- 
ful and affectionate care of his parents as long 
as they lived and fulfilled every obligation rest- 
ing upon him with a high sense of duty. 

Mrs. Arvin was a daughter of .John Wheat 
and .Julia A. Snyder, who were natives of Ken- 
tucky, the mother being of Irish descent and 
the father German. They came from Kentucky 
to Schuyler County, 111., located on a farm, 
and later moved to Littleton. III., where the 
father died March 26, 1902. The mother still 
survives, and is living at Littleton. Mrs. Arvin 
was one of fourteen children, of whom only 
five are now living. 

ASPLUND, Herman A., who is engaged in 
farming in the vicinity of Prairie City, Mc- 
Donough County, 111., is a native of Sweden, 
where he was born on February 9. ISfi", a son 
of Charles and Sophie (.Johnson) Asplund, also 
natives of Sweden. Mr. Asplund came to the 
I'nited States in 1S70. and settled near New 
Philadelphia, 111. He then moved to a farm 
northwest of Bushnell, 111., where he remained 
until 19(>r;. At that period he took charge of 
the farm of .James Leard, of Prairie City, 111., 
on which he lived for two years. He is the 
owner of a farm near MacomI), 111. On .July 3. 
1SS9, Mr. Asplund was married to Nellie Harold, 



who was born in Fulton County, 111. Three 
children have blessed this union, namely: Ed- 
ward. Mary and Ethel. Politically, Mr. As|)lund 
is a member of the Republican party, and fra- 
ternally is affiliated with the Modern Woodmen 
and Independent Order of Odd Fellows. 

ATHERTON, William B.— After many years 
of surco.ssful fainting in Scotland and New 
Salem Townshii)s. McDonough County, 111., the 
subject of this sketch withdrew from his active 
labors on November 24, 1904. Mr. Atherton was 
born in Dallas City, Hancock County, III., 
March 14, 1842. He is a son of Joseph Ather- 
ton. who was born in Hamilton County. Ohio, 
and Eliza ( Simonson ) Atherton. who was l)orn 
in the State of New Jersey. The grandfather, 
Iseial Atherton. and grandmother. .Nellie 
(Campbell) Atherton, were natives of Hamilton 
County, Ohio. Joseph Atherton moved from 
Hancock County during the Mormon War, in 
1S4.'). to Stark County. 111. Of the tour boys 
and seven girls born to his parents. William 
P. Atherton was the fifth in order of birth. In 
boyhood he attended school in Stark County, 
where he lived until 1S72. In February, 18G5, 
he enlisted in Company C, Fourteenth Regi- 
ment Illinois Volunteer Infantry, and was with 
Sherman at Johnston's surrender, at Raleigh, 
N. C. At the end of the war he returned to 
Stark County, where he was the owner of an 
eighty-acre farm, which he then sold and pur- 
chased 120 acres of land in Scotland Town- 
ship. In this and New Salem Township, he 
finally acquired 250 acres of land. Eighty acres 
of this he gave to his daughter, and sold eighty 
acres in 1904. leaving ninety acres in his name 
on his retirement from active pursuits. He 
then moved to Macomb, where he bought a 
residence on North Lafayette Street. 

On March 3. 1S6S. at Toulon. 111.. Mr. Ather- 
ton was married to Amelia C. Atherton. who 
was born at Cape Girardeau. Mo.. April lij, 
I.S.5.S. where in her youth she attended the public 
school. The offspring of this union was four 
children, namely: Nellie E. (Mrs. Ambrose 
Harlan), born at Lafayette. Stark County. III.. 
March 12, 1871; Mary Abigail, born February 
14, 1875, and died October 19. 1878: Emma, 
born December 27. 1883. who died at the age of 
six years, January 28, 1890; and Joseph A., 
born September 3, 18S9, at Pennington's Point. 
McDonough County, and who remains under 



8i8 



HISTORY OF Mcdonough county. 



the iiartntal root. Mrs. Atherton died Feb- 
ruary 1, 1901, and was burled at Pennington's 
Point. Although not active in politics, the 
subject of this sketch gives his support to the 
Democratic party. 

BACON, Joseph Barnes, M. D.— A near ap- 
proach to an ideal standard in medical attain- 
ments and practice is manifest In the career 
of Dr. .Joseph B. Bacon, of Macomb, McDonough 
County, 111., whose reputation as a physician 
and surgeon is not circumscribed by the limits 
of that city and county. Beyond these local 
environments has spread a recognition of the 
breadth of his scientific research, and the 
effective use he has made of exceptional ac- 
quirements. The acknowledged status reached 
by Dr. Bacon in his chosen sphere of endeavor 
is abundant evidence of the possession of those 
traits of mind and character which are essen- 
tial to the achievement of distinction in the 
medical profession. His success is attributable 
to a keen perceptive faculty, firmness in de- 
cision, constancy of purpose, a spirit of thorough 
investigation of all biological problems, a de- 
termination to keep fully abreast of modern 
developments in pathology, and a rigid ob- 
servance of the strictest rules of ethics. During 
the institutional training of his preparatory 
period he brought to bear upon the successive 
courses of study pursued a degree of assiduity, 
diligence of application and concentration of 
mental force that constituted an augury of 
future prominence, and although he became 
through this instrumentality uncommonly well 
versed in medical theory, he has never ceased 
to be a student. Even after he had developed 
Into a practitioner of established repute, he 
was not content until he had sought other 
sources of instruction in noted universities of 
the Old World. Thus perfecting his mental 
resources by persistent delving into the mys- 
teries of his calling, he has acquired a degree 
of theoretical and practical skill adequate to 
meet all the emergencies arising in critical 
stages of intricate and complicated maladies. 
Joseph Barnes Bacon was born in the village 
of Tennessee, McDonough County, 111., .Tanuary 
14, 1854, and is a son of Larkin Crouch and 
Hanor (Durbin) Bacon. His father was a na- 
tive of Tennessee, having been born at Jones- 
boro in that State, in 1818. His mother was 
born in Louisville, Ky., February 24, 1825. 



Larkin Crouch Bacon was a farmer by occupa- 
tion, and a man of notable intelligence and 
admirable traits of character. In boyhood, 
Joseph B. Bacon made himself useful as best 
he could on the paternal farm, meanwhile at- 
tending the district school in the vicinity of his 
home. Later in youth he became a pupil in 
the Branch Academy, at Macomb, and after- 
wards pursued a course in the Northwestern 
University at Evansion, 111. In 1879, he applied 
himself to the study of medicine in the Texas 
Medical College, at Galveston, following this 
in ,1881 by a course in the Chicago Medical 
College. On graduating from the institution 
last named, he devoted his attention to the 
l)ractice of his profession. In 1884, he went 
abroad, and in that and the year following, 
took post-graduate courses at Heidelberg and 
Vienna. Dr. Bacon subsequently acted in the 
capacity of Instructor in Gynecology at the 
Northwestern University Medical School, Chi- 
cago, and at a still later period, was connected 
with the Chicago Post-Graduate Medical 
School as Professor of Diseases of the Rectum. 
In 1902, he founded the St. Francis Hospital 
at Macomb, of which he is Surgeon-in-Chief. 
His discharge of the important functions de- 
volving upon him in this institution has en- 
hanced his reputation, already high, and he 
ranks among the most skillful surgeons in that 
section of the State. 

On September 12, ISSS. Dr. Bacon was united 
in marriage with Elizabeth Lisle Bailey, who 
was born at Macomb, 111., October 25, 1865. 
Two children are the result of this union, 
namely: William Sutherland Bacon, born Feb- 
ruary 23, 1891, and Dorothy Lisle Bacon, born 
February 18, 1896. 

Politically, Dr. Bacon was a Republican until 
1896, when he allied himself with the Demo- 
cratic party. In fraternal circles he is identi- 
fied with the A. F. & A. M., in which he is a 
charter member of the Macomb Commandery, 
Knights Templar. Professionally, he holds 
memberships in the American Medical Associa- 
tion; the American Association of Obstetri- 
cians and Gynecologists; the Illinois State Med- 
ical Society: the Chicago Gynecological Society, 
and the Chicago Academy of Medicine. 

BAGLEY, Stephen J., who is successfully en- 
gaged in farming in Chalmers Township, Mc- 
Donough County, III., was born in Manchester, 



HISTORY OF Mcdonough county. 



819 



England, March 12, 1S.")4. His parents, Samuel 
and Elizabeth (Skaret) BaKley, were also ot 
English origin, the former's birthplace being 
Manchester, banuiel Bagley came to the United 
States and proceeded to McUonough County, 
111., settling on a farm in Chalmers Township. 
Stephen J. Bagley Is the eldest of four children, 
two of whom were boys. He made his home 
with his parents until he was twenty-seven 
years old. He then rented a farm of Thomas 
Gilmore, on which he was engaged in farming 
tor twenty-one and one-half years. In the 
meantime he had purchased 200 acres of Uinil 
in this township, and carries on general fann- 
ing, and raising cattle, horses and hogs. In 
early life he learned the carpenter's trade, at 
which he often worked. 

On December 2.t, ISTS, Mr. Bagley was mar- 
ried to Emma Cale. a native of Ohio, where 
in girlhood she received a common school edu- 
cation. The issue of this union was nine chil- 
dren, as follows: Alice (Mrs. Lawrence Clug- 
ston); Fred, who married Annie Hill; George, 
Jennie, Mamie, Pearl, Loutilous. Ralph and 
Irene. Mr. Bagley is a member of the Metho- 
dist Episcopal Church. Since 1887, he has 
been Vice-President of the County Sunday 
School Association. Politically, the subject of 
this sketch is a Republican, and has served 
as School Director since 1894. 

BAILEY, George W., President Electric Light 
and Gas Company, Macomb, was born in Ma- 
comb, 111., August 24, 18;!S, the son of W. 'W. 
and Elizabeth M. Cft'alker) Bailey, natives of 
Virginia and Kentucky, respectively, who came 
to Illinois alxml 1S3:i. They were the parents 
of ten chihlren of whom the subject of this 
sketch was next to the youngest. George W. 
Bailey was educated in the common schools of 
Illinois, and at the age of twenty-one openel 
a grocery store, which later he sold to embark 
in the dry-goods trade. On February 20, ISGl, 
he was married to Eliza M. Worthington, of 
Rushville, III., and of this union three children 
have been born: Roland \V., Anna B. Blunt 
(a dentist residing in Chicago), and .lames W. 
In IflOl, Mr. Bailey disposed of his dry-goods 
stock, and retired from active labor. Three 
years later (1904), he was made President of 
the Macomb Electric Light and Gas Company, 
a position which he still fills to the satisfaction 
of patrons and the company. In his political 



affiliations Mr. Bailey is a Republican, and is 
also a niemljer of the Presbyterian Church. 

BAILEY, William Washington (deceased).— 
Among the most prominent and highly re- 
siiected citizens of Macomb, 111., at an early pe- 
riod, was the subject of this sketch. He was 
born near the Natural Bridge, in Virginia, No- 
vember 2.'). 179". and died in .Macomb on .March 
22, 1872. He was a son of William Schreve Bai- 
ley and wife, who were natives of Vir;jrinia. 
.After living in his native State until 1818. he 
removed with his father's family to Adair 
County, Ky., where his father, who was a farm- 
er by occupation, passed the remainder of his 
life. Mr. Bailey attended the district schools 
in his youth, whenever opportunity offered, and 
helped his father in the o|>eration of the farm. 
As his father was a slaveholder, he assisted in 
the supervision of the place after the latter's 
death. In 1833, he came to Illinois, and en- 
gaged in the dry-goods trade in Macomb, con- 
ducting the second store of this kind opened 
in the town. In this line he continued nearly 
all his life. Although he owned the farm which 
is now the property of his son, William S. Bai- 
ley, he gave it little personal attention. He 
was one of the early stockholders of what is 
now the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy Railway, 
and was also one of the principal promoters 
of the movement to determine the location of 
the old .McDonough College. 

.About the year 1819, Mr. Bailey was united 
in marriage, in the State of Kentucky, with 
Elizabeth Walker, who was a member of a 
prominent family in that State, some of whose 
members came to Illinois, and are related to the 
Walker family of McDonough County, includ- 
ing Cyrus Walker, a distinguished member of 
the bar. Ten children resulted from this union, 
three of whom died in infancy. Those who 
reached mature years were: James, William 
S., Joseph, Samuel, Mary, George and Henry. 
The last named died in the army in 1861 Of 
the entire family, the sole survivors are Wil- 
liam S. and George, who are prominent citi- 
zens of Macomb. Mrs. Bailey died in Au,gust, 
18.',fi. and on May 5. 1864, Mr. Bailey was mar- 
ried to Hannah A. Dean. This union was with- 
out issue. Mr. Bailey's second wife, Hannah A. 
Dean, came to Macomb from Woodstock. C mn., 
in the fall of 1854, to teach in the old McDon- 
ough County College, Rev. J. Pillsbury being at 



.•820 



HISTORY OF Mcdonough county. 



that time President of tlie institution, and she 
continued teaching until her marriage, for a 
part of the time being connected with the pub- 
lic schools, and becoming one of the most wide- 
ly linown teachers in McDonough County. She 
still resides in Macomb and retains in her pos- 
session the records of the historic old college 
with which she was connected fifty years ago. 
In politics, Mr. Bailey was an old-time Whig, 
and afterward a Republican. Religiously, he 
was a member of the Presbyterian Church in 
Macomb, with which he united one year after 
its organization on June 9, 1832, and in which 
he was an elder for about forty years. He was 
a man of marked intelligence, high character, 
and genial temperament, and his influence was 
always exerted for good. He was one of the 
most substantial and useful of the early resi- 
dents of Macomb. 

BAKER, John H., a thoroughly competent and 
successful druggist of Macomb, 111., was born 
in Greenfield, Highland County, Ohio, Decem- 
ber IS, 1861. His father, Ephralm Balder, was 
born in Baltimore, Md., and his mother, Mary 
(Croar) Baker, was a native of Kentucky. Mr. 
Baker received his early mental training In 
the public schools of McDonough County, and 
also attended a business college at Dixon, 111. 
He is the youngest of eleven children born to 
his parents, who came to this county when 
he was five years of age. He staid on the 
farm until the spring of 1885, and then spent 
a short time in Kansas. Returning to Illi- 
nois, he was engaged in the grocery business 
three and a half years in Plymouth, Hancock 
•County, and was one and a half years in a 
general store. He then sold out and went into 
the dru.g business, in which he continued until 
1896. This he disposed of and bought a drug 
store at Fandon, McDonough County, which he 
conducted four years and a half, when he sold 
this also and came to Macomb. Here be 
started a new drug-store March 8, 1901, which 
he sold in April, 1903, and then established 
another. 

Mr. Baker was married June 25. 1891. to 
Maggie Hitchens, who was born and schooled 
at La Harpe, III. Their children are Eulalie 
and Onita Ruth. In politics. Mr. Baker acts 
with the Republican party, and fraternally Is 
connected with the Masonic Order, K. of P. 
:and M. W. A. 



BAKER, Jonathan H. (deceased), whose Si>an 
of life covered years of eminent usefulness to 
the community of which ne was a very promi- 
nent and influential member, was born in Wal- 
IX)le, Cheshire County, N. H., May 8. 1817. He 
was a son of Edward and Anna (Haskell) 
Baker, natives of Massachusetts. At the age 
of seven years Mr. Baker was left an orphan, 
and "bound out" to a farmer named Edmond 
Walker. When he was eighteen years old his 
guardian allowed him to enter the employ of 
a merchant In the vicinity, where he worked as 
clerk until he came to Illinois. The journey 
westward was made overland, and a period 
of twenty-seven days was consumed in reaching 
Macomb. After working one month in a brick 
yard in 1838, he became a clerk for James M. 
Campbell, with whom he remained two years. 
In January, 1841, he went into the grocery bisi- 
ness in company with J. P. lM)de'.?raff. In 
1845. he was appointed Postmaster of Macomb, 
and held the office four years. Durlna; this pe- 
riod he was also engaged in the mercantile trade 
In company with Charles Chandler, continuing 
in this line until 1855, when he embarked in 
real-estate business. In 1858 he was appointed 
County Clerk to fill a vacancy caused by the 
death of Isaac Grantham, and in the following 
year was elected to that office, serving one 
term and continuing his real-estate operations 
in the meantime. In 1865 he entered upon the 
practice of law in partnership with Mr. Neece, 
under the firm name of Baker & Neece. In 
1S77 he was elected County Judge, and was re- 
elected in 1882. 

As a citizen. Judge Baker maintained a high 
standing, and, as a jurist, was clear, firm and 
impartial. He possessed in a marked degree 
those qualities which fitted him for the judi- 
cial function. On March 2, 1843, Judge Baker 
was united in marriage to Isabella Hempstead, 
a daughter of Stephen Hempstead. She was 
born In Missouri, and came to Illinois when a 
child. Four children resulted from their union, 
namely: Clara A., wife of C. V. Chandler; 
Mary C, widow of E. L. Wells; Isabella, wife of 
George D. Tunnicliff. an attorney, of Macomb, 
and Joseph H. Judge Baker's decease occurred 
December 31. 1891. 

In politics. Judge Baker was an unswerving 
Democrat and cast his first vote for Stephen 
A. Douglas, candidate for Congress in 1838. 
tn reli.gious belief, he was a Universalist, and 




^^e-rtJ^/U-, 



fi:-^**^^^ 



HISTORY OF Mcdonough county. 



821 



was identified with the church of that denom- 
ination in Macomb. Fraternally, he was one 
of the first members of the I. O. O. F. in the 
city of his residence. While not demonstra- 
tive or aggressive in his mental characteris- 
tics, the subject of this review was a man of 
remarkable self-poise, lucid in perception and 
vigorous in logical deduction, and occupied a 
rank second to few, if any, in the admirable 
succession of jurists who have adorned the pro- 
fession ot law in McDonough County. 

BALL, Ira D., founder of the carriage and 
wagon-making establishment of Ball Brothers, 
in Bushnell, McDonough County, 111., is a native 
of the State of New Jersey, who, coming to 
Bushnell in ISCS. there enga>ied in the business 
of wagon-making. This he followed for many 
years, and, as his sons grew up they became 
associated with him in the enterprise, which 
has constantly increased in its proportions. 
The wife of Mr. Ball was formerly Anna Dean, 
a native of Ohio. His sons, Ira M. Ball, F. L. 
Ball, .ind J. J. Ball, constitute the firm of Ball 
Brothers, who now direct the business in- 
augurated by their father, and manufacture 
and sell all varieties of carriages, wauons. har- 
ness, etc. 

The subject of this sketch is a man of sound 
judgment, superior business capacity, and, in 
the development of the manufacturing enter- 
prise with which he has so long been asso- 
ciated, has displayed notable energy and dili- 
gence. In this connection, his sons have fol- 
lowed worthily in his footsteps. The manufac- 
tory of Hall Brothers, under which style the 
concern has been conducted since 1891, is one 
of the most extensive and thoroughly equipped 
of its kind in the country. The present main 
building. fiO by 100 feet in dimensions, located 
on Main Street, was erected in 1.S95. Subse- 
quently the firm built anotlier factory fiO by 
50 feet and still later another — a two-story 
structure — fiO by 100 feet in size. The Arm 
does all kinds of repair work, blacksmithing 
and wtMidwork. 

BARCLAY, John.— No one need be deeply 
versed in the history of family names to fix 
upon the nationality of the Barclays. In truth, 
not only were the paternal grandfather, .Tohn. 
and the father. .Tames, sons of sturdy Scotland, 
but Mary Paul, the grandmother, was born 



there, as also were Agnes Binnie. the mother 
of the subject of this sketch, and her gran<l- 
parents, Robert and .Mary (Eady) Binnie. .John 
Bar'Iay is himself a native of Falkirk. Scot- 
land, where he was born July 25, 1.S33. 
On June 6, 1861, he was married to .Miss 
Nancy Kelly, of Argyleshire. Mrs. Barclay's 
grandparents, James and Effie (McDonald) 
Kelly and Charles and Elizabeth (Thompson) 
McNeil, were unswerving Scots, and her i)ar- 
ents, James and Elizabeth (.McNeil) Kelly, 
stood in the same firm ranks. The followin.i; 
named children of Mr. and Mrs. Barclay ma>- 
therefore claim as pure a strain of Scotch blood 
as can be found anywhere in the State. .Mar- 
garet Elizabeth (Mrs. R. Paschal, Cass County, 
111.), Nannie C. (Mrs. W. Allison. McDonough 
County). James L., Charles W. and John .\. — 
the three last named being residents of Scot- 
land Township. 

.Mr. Barclay left the land ot his birth and 
of his ancestors, on the 25th of April, 1850,. 
landing in -New York City, whence he traveled 
via the Erie Canal to Buffalo and thence by 
lake boat to Chicago. The old Michigan Canal 
bore him to La Salle, and then he came on to 
McDonough County, where his parents pur- 
chased a farm in what is now Scotland Town- 
ship. John remained with his parents until a 
year before his marriage, when he bought 
eighty acres as the nucleus of an independent 
homestead. Until his marriage in ISfil, his 
sister kept house for him. At this location he 
lived, prospered and established himself as a 
useful and honorable citizen, adding to his 
possessions from time to time, until he was the 
proprietor of 200 acres of improved land. In 
March, 1894, he retired from his farm, and' 
removed to Macomb, purchasing property on 
East Washington Street and erecting (hereon, 
a tasteful residence. 

During his active life as an agriculturist, 
as well as during his less strenuous exi)erience 
at Macomb, Mr. Barclay was repeatedly called 
upon to perform public service of an im- 
portant character. For two years he served 
as Highway Commissioner of Scotland Town- 
ship, was School Director for a period of twen- 
ty years. Supervisor for two years, and Town 
Clerk. Assessor, and School Treasurer sue 
cessively for a period of three years each, re- 
signing the latter office on his removal to Ma- 
comb. In that city he has also been a member 



822 



HISTORY OF Mcdonough county. 



of the City Council for thhe Third Ward for two 
years. In politics, he has always been a 
Republican and, as is quite natural from his 
unadulterated Scotch ancestry, as well as 
from his individual convictions, he is a firm 
adherent to the tenets of the Presbyterian 
Church. 

BARLEY, Elias A., a retired farmer of 
Macomb Township, McDonough County, 111., 
now living in Macomb, was born in Marion 
County, Ind., February 1, 1842. His father, 
William Barley, was a native of Virginia, and 
his mother, Emeline (Adsit) Barley, was born 
in the State of New York. His paternal grand- 
father, John Barley, was a native of Mary- 
land, and his grandfather on the maternal 
side, Elias Adsit, was a New Yorker. William 
Barley and his wife moved to Warren County, 
Ohio, when their son, Elias, was an infant. The 
latter was the second of three children born to 
them. In his boyhood, the subject of this 
sketch enjoyed the advantage of the common 
school, and worked on a farm in Ohio until 
1873. when he came to McDonough County. 
There he rented a farm of 160 acres in Macomb 
Township for two years. This he afterward 
purchased and cultivated it until 1892. At 
that period retiring from active labors, he 
moved to Macomb and bought a home on East 
Carroll Street. He had previously sold his 
farm and purchased another of 160 acres nearer 
Macomb. He was a diligent and careful farmer, 
and his labors brought forth satisfactory re- 
sults. 

Mr. Barley was married September 1, 1863, 
to Elizabeth Hadden, a native of Warren 
County. Ohio, where she attended the public 
and high schools. Eight children resulted from 
this union, as follows: Carrie (Mrs. W. H. 
Allen), of Ohio; Bessie (Mrs. William New- 
land): Lee: Georgia; John; Catherine: Wini- 
fred (deceased); and Fred. Politically, Mr. 
Barley is a Republican. He served the public 
as School Director of Macomb Township for 
ten years, and was Road Commissioner for 
eight years. After his removal to Macomb, he 
represented the Second Ward in the City Coun- 
cil three years. In 1899 he was elected City Su- 
pervisor, and was re-elected, his time expiring in 
April, 1905. Fraternally, he is connected with 
the I. O. O. F. In all the relations of life, Mr. 



Barley has been faithful and dutiful, and he is 
now enjoying the comfortable retirement mer- 
ited by a career of industry and probity. 

BAUMGARDNER, William, who. since 18.59, 
has been successfully engaged in farming in 
Hire Township, McDonough County, 111., was 
born on October 22, 1837, in Germany. He 
is a son of Jacob and Mary (Brant) Baum- 
gardner, natives of the same country. His father 
was a baker by trade. The subject of this 
sketch was brought to the United States by his 
parents when he was five years of age, the fam- 
ily locating at Chillicothe, Ohio, where he 
worked as a cabinet-maker until he was twenty 
years old. He then came to Macomb, where he 
worked at his trade until, at the age of twenty- 
one, he rented and farmed land in Tennessee 
Townshii). In 1859 he settled in Hire Town- 
ship, also in McDonough County, where he now 
lives in Section 35. Here he bought a tract 
of land, to which he has added until he is now 
the owner of 246 acres. On this he is engaged 
in general farming and stock feeding. He is 
a thorough farmer, and applies himself closely 
and diligently to the task before him. 

On March 19,1865. Mr. Baumgardner was joined 
in wedlock with Martha McClure, who was born 
and schooled in McDonough County. She was a 
daughter of Rutherford and Sarah (White) 
McClure, natives of Ohio. The children re- 
sulting from this union are nine in number, 
and named as follows: Wallace. Fred. Thomas, 
Dock, Lawrence. Ray, Carrie (Mrs. Luther 
Chandler), Lorena (Mrs. Frank Schryke) and 
Lizzie (wife of William R. Chandler, a carpen- 
ter of Macomb). Politically. Mr. Baumgardner 
is an adherent of the Democratic party. He 
served six years as Road Commissioner and 
held the office of Township Supervisor for one 
term, and his public services are regarded by 
the community as having been conscientious 
and efficient. The religious belief of Mr. Baum- 
gardner is in accordance with the creed of the 
Presbyterian Church. 

BAYLESS, John H., editor and publisher, 
Blandinsville. McDonough County, was born on 
a farm near Blandinsville. .lanuary 13, 1875, the 
son of Jefferson and Susan L. Bayless and ob- 
tained his primary education in the local 
schools. After graduation from the public 



HISTORY OF Mcdonough county. 



823 



school, he entered the Western Illinois Normal 
College at Macomb, graduating from the latter 
in June, 1900, and also from the Macomb Busi- 
ness Institute. He then entered as a student 
the law office of Elting & Camp, practicing at- 
tornej's of Macomb, where he remained until 
1901, when he removed to Blandinsville, and 
there engaged in the real-estate, loan and in- 
surance business, and was also employed as 
manager of the telephone system for nearly 
two years. In January, 1903, he purchased the 
"Rlandinsville Star Gazette," to which he has 
since given his entire attention as editor and 
publisher, building up a prosperous business. 
The "Blandinsville Star" was established in 
1893, and the "Gazette" in 1887, the two papers 
being consolidated in 1900 under the name of 
the "Star-Gazette." Mr. Bayless was married 
at Blandinsville, June 4, 1902, to Allie J. Wil- 
son, and they have two sons — Keith W. and 
Blake C. In iwlitics Mr. Bayless is a Republic- 
an, and to the principles of his party gives a 
zealous support in the colums of his paper, in 
the publication of which he has shown much 
enterprise and ability. His entire life has been 
spent in his native county, in which he enjoys 
an extensive social and business acquaintance. 

BEAN, Joseph. — One of the most substantial 
and highly esteemed farmers of Hire Township, 
McDonough County, 111., is he whose name 
heads this sketch. Mr. Bean was born in Mc- 
Donough County, on September 4, lS3r>, and is 
a son of Robert R. and Martha (Crouch) Bean, 
both natives of Tennessee. Robert R. Bean, who 
was a farmer by occui)ation. came to Mc- 
Donough County and located in Tennessee 
Township in 1830. He afterwards moved to 
Chalmers Township, where he devoted his at- 
tention to farming and also piled his trade of 
blacksmithing. Here he passed the remainder 
of his days, dying January 20. 18.59. at the age 
of fifty-nine years. The mother died in Decem- 
ber, 1842. Robert R. Bean assisted in the or- 
ganization of Tennessee and Chalmers Town- 
ships, and served as County Commissioner sev- 
eral terms. He also held the offices of Justice 
of the Peace and Town Clerk. 

Joseph Bean is the seventh of a family of 
ten children. He was a twin. He grew up 
on the paternal farm, assisting in the work, and 
at intervals attending the public schools in 
the vicinity. In early manhood he crossed 



the plains three times — in 18.59, 18fi2 and 1863. 
In 1864 he located in Chalmers Township, Mc- 
Donough County, and in 18fi8 moved to Hire 
Township, where he bought eighty acres of 
land in Section 25. Here he broke the land 
and made all the improvements, and has since 
been engaged in general farming and raising 
Shorthorn cattle. He is now the owner of 
213 acres of fine land in Hire Township. On 
April 16, 1864, Mr. Bean was married to Mary 
P. Welch, who was born and schooled in Mc- 
Donough County. Three children blessed their 
union, namely: Ella (Mrs. Jose|)h Welch), 
Bert and Belasco. Politically, Mr. Bean is a 
Democrat. He was elected Township Super- 
visor in 1896, and, through re-election, served 
six years. His church membershi]) is with the 
Baptist denomination. He has been a member 
of that church for thirty years, and for twenty- 
five years has acted as Superintendent of the 
Sunday school. The subject of this sketch is 
looked upon as a good representative of the 
host element in agriculture and citizenship of 
McDonough County. 

BEELEY, John Allen, who is successfully en- 
gaged in the jewelry business in Blandinsville, 
McDonough County. 111., was born in Morgan 
County, 111., near Arenzville, on January 10, 
1860, a son of Joseph and Martilla (Houston) 
Beeley, the father being a native of England, 
and the mother of Illinois. .loseph Beeley came 
from England to the United States and jour- 
neyed to the State of Illinois, where he settled 
in Mor.gan County in the 'forties. There he 
devoted his attention to agricultural pursuits, 
and is now living on the old homestead farm 
in Morgan County, one-half mile south of Arenz- 
ville. John -A. Beeley was reared on his 
father's farm, and in his youth attended the 
public schools of Morgan County. In early 
manhood he learned the trade of a jeweler in 
Springfield, after which he located at Mere- 
dosia. III., where he remained four years. In 
1890 he established himself in the jewelry and 
optician line in Blandinsville, where he has 
since conducted a store. In 1902 he moved 
into his present place of business, where he 
does all kinds of repair work and handles a 
full line of fine jewelry, sewing machines, graph- 
ophones and fine stationery. He gives close 
attention to his customers, and Is meeting 
with merited success. 



824 



HISTORY OF Mcdonough county. 



On January 10, 1900, the subject Of this 
sketch was joined in wedlock with Grace Er- 
mine Hitch, who was born and schooled in Mc- 
Ltonough County. One child, Helen, has re- 
sulted from this union. Mrs. Beeley is a daugh- 
ter of Mr. and Mrs. James P. Hitch, of Bland- 
insville. Mr. Beeley professes the religious faith 
of the Christian church. Politically, he is a 
Prohibitionist, and fraternally is connected 
with the A. F. & A. M. 

BEGHTOL, William, who formerly carried on 
farming on an extensive scale in Eldorado 
Township. McDonough County, III., but is now 
living a retired life in Industry, 111., was born 
in Bullitt County, Ky., August 24, 1829. He is a 
son of Abraham and Sarah (Pohon) Be,ghtol. 
The grandparents were Henry and Elizabeth 
(Horine) Beghtol and William and Elizabeth 
(King) Pohon, of whom the maternal grand- 
father was of English birth. The subject of 
this sketch came to Schuyler County, 111., in 
1853, and worked there one year on a farm. 
He came thence to McDonough County and 
bought ICO acres of land in Eldorado Township, 
where he lived from 1854 to 1S73. In the last 
named year he went to Rocky Ford, Bent 
County, Colo., and became associated in busi- 
ness with his brother-in-law, George W. Swink. 
In 1876 he sold out his interest in this concern 
and returned to the home place in McDonough 
County. There he lived until May, 1S97, when 
he retired from farming, moved to the town of 
Industry and purchased a residence, which he 
now occupies. He is the owner of (J80 acres of 
land, comprising three farms in Eldorado Town- 
ship, one in Industry Township, and one in 
Bethel Township. On April 25, 1854, Mr. Begh- 
tol was united in marriage with Martha J. 
Swink, who was born and schooled in Breck- 
enridge County, Ky., and their union resulted 
in the following children: Ballard, of Dodge 
City, Kan.; Maria (Mrs. Meaton), George W., 
Alice, Abigail (Mrs. Miller), and Samuel E. 
(all of McDonough County), and Ulysses G. 
and Anna, both of whom died in infancy. In 
politics Mr. Heghtol is an Independent. He 
has been one of the most enterprising, ener- 
getic and successful farmers of McDonough 
County and now, in the jirime of life, is enabled 
to rest in the enjoyment of the fruits of his 
vigorous endeavors. 



BELL, John (deceased), who, prior to 1S62,. 
was successfully engaged in agricultural pur- 
suits in central Ohio, was born in Maryland,. 
September 11, 1810, a son of Joseph and Sarah 
(Bell) Bell. He came to McDonough County 
in 1862 and located in Macomb, where he spent 
the remainder of his life in retirement, dying 
March 21, 1892. Mr. Bell was three times mar- 
ried. His first wife was Elizabeth Barton, a 
native of Maryland, by whom he had three 
children, namely: Susan (Mrs. Styler), of In- 
dianapolis, Ind., David and William. The mother 
died in 1869. Mr. Bell was again married Feb- 
ruary 18, 1870, wedding Mattie Madison, of 
Vermont, Fulton County, III., who died in 1871. 
The third wife of Mr. Bell was Ann Bailey, to 
whom he was married Oct. 30, 1877. She was a 
daughter of Henry and Mary (Foulke) Bailey. 
In politics Mr. Hell advocated the principles of 
the Republican party. In religious belief he 
was a Universalist. He was a man of much 
Intelligence and force of character, and was 
widely respected in the community of which 
which he was a member for more than thirty 
years. 

BENNETT, John Riley, a prosperous farmer 
in Industry Township, McDonough County, 111., 
was born in Warren County, Ohio, January 10, 
1845. He is a son of George and Matilda 
(Brown) Bennett, both natives of Ohio, the lat- 
ter having been born in Warren County. The 
maternal grandfather was John Brown, a na- 
tive of Pennsylvania. George Bennett moved 
with his family, in a three-horse wagon from 
Ohio to McDonough County. 111., in 1850, and 
settled on a 120-acre tract of land which he 
bought in Industry Township, also becoming 
owner of ninety acres of timber land in Industry 
Township. He met his death in 1885, through 
an accident caused by the running away of a 
pair of horses, and his widow died two years 
afterward. 

Mr. Bennett was the only child of his par- 
ents, although he has a half-sister. Belle (Mrs. 
Miner), living near Knox City, Mo., who is the 
mother of two children, Blanche and Georgia. 
Mr. Bennett remained with his father until the 
latter's death, when he bought his half-sister's 
interest in the farm. He has always lived on 
this place with the exception of one year spent 



HISTORY OF Mcdonough county. 



825 



on another farm in the same township. In 
early youth he attended the common schools 
of his neighborhood, meanwhile working on the 
home farm. On July 4, 1866, he was united in 
marriage with Columbia Anna Sanders, born 
in Rushville, 111., where she received her early 
education in the public graded schools. She is 
the daughter of James and Maria (Lewis) 
Sanders, natives of Illinois and Alabama, re- 
spectively. Her maternal grandparents were 
Abram and Elizabeth (Davis) Lewis, natives of 
the latter State. Mr. and Mrs. Bennett had one 
child, Edgar, who was born November 4, 1S67, 
and who died at the age of two years and five 
months. They also have an adopted daughter, 
Cora (Mrs. A. E. Rush), wife of A. E. Rush, a 
jeweler of Macomb, and who is the mother 
of two children: Bennett, aged ten years, and 
Alfred aged seven. Mr. Bennett is held in 
high esteem as a man of strict integrity and a 
useful member of the community. He is a 
member of the Methodist Episcopal Church, 
and politically, a Republican. 

BERRY, Archie J., who is among the most en- 
ergetic and progressive of the younger farmers 
of Eldorado Township, McDonough County, 111., 
was born in Eldorado Township December 12, 
1880, a son of James J. and Mary (Campbell) 
Perry, his father being a native of the same 
township, and his mother, of Oquawka. Hen- 
derson County, 111. His grandfather, Thomas 
Berry, was of English birth, and the maiden 
name of his grandmother was Harris. Archie 
J. Berry is the second of a family of four 
children born to his parents, three of whom 
were lx)ys. He received his early education in 
the public schools of his neighborhood, and 
then took a course in the university at Lincoln, 
III., and the Metropolitan Business College, 
Chicago. He spent two years as a student in 
the university and completed the mercantile 
college course. After finishing the latter he 
returned to the paternal farm, wnich he has 
been conducting for three years, his father's 
family having moved to Decatur, 111. He is en- 
gaged in general farming, and his intelligence, 
careful method, and diligent application to the 
task which he has undertaken are manifest in 
the results already produced. The beginning 
of his agricultural career seems bright with 
the promise of notable success in this sphere 
of labor in future years. 
14 



The subject of this sketch was united in mar- 
riage on January 12, 190.5, with Blanche Johns, 
who was born in Ackley, Iowa, and after un- 
dergoing a preliminary scholastic training in 
the public and high schools in the vicinity of 
her home, pursued a course of study in Ells- 
worth College, at Iowa Falls, Iowa. PoliUcally, 
Mr. Berry casts his vote and exerts his influ- 
ence in favor of the Republican party. Fra- 
ternally, he is alflliated with the K. of P. 

BINNIE, Andrew (deceased), formerly one of 
the prominent and successful farmers in Scot- 
land Township. McDonough County. 111., was 
born in Forfarshire. Scotland. March 3. 1844, a 
son of Andrew and Agnes (Waddill) Binnie, 
natives of Scotland. The paternal grandfather 
was Robert Binnie, also of Scottish origin, 
Andrew Binnie came from Scotland to the 
ITnited States in 1847. He proceeded to Illinois 
and was first located at Astoria. Somewhat 
later he moved to Scotland Township. Mc- 
Donough County and settled on Camp Creek. 
The subject of this sketch staid at home until 
he was of age, when he bou.ght 200 acres of 
land on Section 15, Scotland Township. He 
also owned eighty-five acres on Section 9, of the 
same township. I^ng before his marriage 
he lived on the farm on Section I.'), and re- 
mained there until his death, which occurred 
February ,"?. 1905. He was buried in Oakwood 
Cemetery, Macomb, 111. 

On January 18, 1888, Mr. Binnie was married 
to Sarah Herndon, who was born and schooled 
in Morgan County, 111. Mrs. Binnie is the 
daughter of Allen and Frances (Cave) Hern- 
don, natives of Rockingham Coimty, Va. 
Ezekiel Herndon and Reuben Cave, the paternal 
and maternal grandfathers, respectively, were 
Virginians. In infancy Mrs. Binnie was brought 
by her parents to McDonough County. Her 
father, a soldier in the Civil War, died in a hos- 
pital at Nashville, Tenn., as a result of exposure 
in the service of his country, and she was reared 
by her mother. Mr. Binnie was a devout member 
of the Presbyterian Church. Politically, he 
was a Republican and fraternally he belonged 
to the A. F. £ A. M., being a member of In- 
dustry Lodge, Chapter No. 19, Macomb Com- 
mandery No. 61, and Eastern Star Lodge of 
Industry. Having rented her farm, Mrs. Binnie 
is to move to Macomb. 111., where she will in 
the future reside. 



826 



HISTORY OF Mcdonough county. 



BINNIE, Robert, one of the oldest and most 
substantial farmers of Scotland Township. Mc- 
Donough County, 111., was born in Falldrk, 
Scotland (one of the greatest cattle market 
towns), Marcn 14, 1842. He is a son of Andrew 
and Agnes (Waddill) Biunie, natives of the 
same place, his father being born in 1805. 
Robert Binnie, the paternal grandfather, was 
also of Scotch origin. On August 19, 1849, An- 
drew Binnie arrived with his family at Sharp's 
Landing, Fulton County, 111., and thence re- 
moved to Astoria, where they remained three 
months. He then settled on Camp Creek, in 
Scotland Township, where he purchased the 
well-known Bird Pyle farm and engaged in 
farming during the remainder of his life. He 
died March 1, 1855, his widow surviving him 
until July 30, 1878. Robert Binnie is one of 
twins, and is the eldest of a family of seven 
children. He attended public school in his boy- 
hood, and remained on the paternal farm until 
he was twenty-one years old, and then applied 
to farming in this township for two years. At 
the end of this period he bougnt a tract of raw 
prairie land in the southwest quarter of Sec- 
tion 15, Scotland Townshij), where he has since 
lived. He has purchased other land in this 
township and now owns 360 acres, which, with 
the exception of eighty acres, is all in one tract. 
Mr. Binnie has witnessed the development of 
his township from a lonely wilderness to one 
of the busiest and wealthiest farming communi- 
ties in the btate. On February 25, 1869, Mr. 
Binnie was married to Margaret J. Watson, who 
was born and schooled in Scotland Township, 
Three children resulted from this union, 
namely: Mary Adeline, born March 13, 1870 
(and now Mrs. Fred Knight) ; William A., 
born April 21, 1872: and James Robert, born 
June 19, 1875. Mr. Binnie Is a consistent mem- 
ber of the Presbyterian Church. Politically, he 
is an independent — voting for the men and 
measures he thinks are to the best interests of 
all the people. 

BLACK, Isaac W. — .\mong the wide-awake and 
progressive farmers of Emmet Township, Mc- 
Donough County, 111., is the subject of this 
sketch. He was born January 24, 1863, in Sciota 
Township, McDonough County, the son of Sam- 
uel H. and Mary Bosler Black. His father was 
born in Clark County, Ohio, and his mother a 
native of Indiana. The father came to Mc- 



Donough County in 1848, and lived eight years 
in Macomb, working at the carpenter's trade. 
He then bought a farm In Sciota Township, 
where he lived until 1903, when he retired from 
larming, taking up his residence in the village 
of Oood Hope, McDonough County. 

Isaac W. Black is the eldest of nine children 
born to his parents. In boyhood he attended 
the public school, and, later, the Macomb Nor- 
mal School, but remained on his father's farm 
until he was twenty-nine years old. He then 
spent nine years in business at Good Hope, 
after which he conducted his father's Emmet 
Township farm one year, and also spent a year 
on the paternal farm in Walnut Grove Town- 
ship. In 1905 he returned to the farm in 
Emmet Township, where he is still engaged in 
general farming and raising full-blooded Short- 
horn cattle and also horses and hogs. He is 
an energetic and systematic farmer, and suc- 
cess has attended his efforts. 

On May 16, 1894, Mr. Black was married to 
Jennie E. Brown, who was born in Walnut 
Grove Township. McDonough County, and re- 
ceived her mental training in the public and 
Macomb Normal Schools. Mr. and Mrs. Black 
have one child, Helen G., born April 4. 1895. 
In religious faith Mr. Black is identified with 
the Baptist Church. Politically, his influence 
and vote are cast in behalf of the Republican 
party. Fraternally, be is associated with the 
I. O. O. F. and M. W. A. 

BLACK, James, formerly a prominent and 
successful farmer of Bushnell Township, Mc- 
Donough County, 111., where he is now living 
in comfortable retirement, was born in Clark 
County. Ohio, on J\ine 3, 1828. His parents, 
James and Catherine Black, were natives of the 
State of Virginia, and were born in 1789 and 
1790. respectively. James Black. Sr.. went 
from Virginia to Ohio in 1811. and followed 
farming there until his death. 

The subject of this sketch was reared on his 
father's farm and in boyhood attended the 
public school. In 1849 he came with his 
brother to McDonough County, 111., traveling 
on horseback by way of Chicago and Rock 
Island. Mr. Black purchased 260 acres of land 
in Bethel Township, on which he followed 
farming for eleven years. In 1865 he sold this 
farm, and in 1866 bought 160 acres in Bushnell 
Township, on which he built and followed 



HISTORY OF Mcdonough coUxNty. 



827 



farming and stock raisiii!; until 1899, when he 
retired from active life. For a time he worked 
at the carpenter's trade near Macomb. 

Mr. Black was first married in Ohio, in 1852, 
his wife dying January 20, 1853. One child, 
Cyrus, was the offspring of this union. On 
.July 4, 1854, he was married to Mary Alexan- 
der, who was born and reared in Virginia, and 
eleven children wore born of this union. Mr. 
Ulack's cliildren are: Cyrus (born of the first 
marriage), who is in the newspaper busi- 
ness at Hickman, Neb.; Ida (Mrs. Morris), of 
Bradshaw, Nebraska: C. A., land appraiser 
for the Union Pacific Railroad Comjiany at 
Omaha, Neb.: Mattie (Mrs. McNaughton), of 
Bushnell Township: Catherine Swisher, a 
widow living in Bushnell: and George, who is 
on a farm in Bushnell Township: four who died 
in infancy; Anna (Mrs. House), now deceased, 
and Marie, also deceased. The subject of this 
sketch was the first Town Clerk of Bethel 
Township, on its organization, and served two 
terms as Supervisor for that township. In his 
long and busy life, Mr. Black has been faithful 
to his conception of the requirements of duty, 
and has done his full share in promoting the 
material prosi>erity of McDonough County. 

BLACK, S. H. — Tliat the pursuit of agricul- 
ture is conducive to sound health and pro- 
longed physical vigor is manifest in the large 
proportion of men engaged in that occupation 
who live to advanced years in the enjoyment of 
the full vigor of their bodily faculties. The close 
companionshi;) with nature incident to a farm- 
ing life serves, moreover, to stimulate that re- 
flective mood, which tends to strengthen the 
moral character and invigorate the mind. An 
apt illustration of the truth of this statement is 
notable in the career of the subject of this 
sketch, who is now living in comfortable and 
healthful retirement at Good Hope. McDonough 
County, 111., after more than three score of his 
mature years have been spent in tilling the 
soil. Mr. Black was born in Clark County. 
Ohio, on March 19, 1826, a son of ,Iames and 
Catherine Black, natives of Virginia. .Tames 
Black was a farmer in the "Old Dominion." 
from which he moved in 1811 to the State of 
Ohio, where he still continued farming, and 
was also engaged in milling. Thus occupied, 
he passed the remainder of his days. He was 
a man of amiable disposition and correct de- 



portment, and his record was free from re- 
pixjach. His son, S. H., attended the common 
schools of Ohio in boyhood and assisted in the 
operation of the home farm until he was about 
twenty-three years of age. In 1849, accompanied 
by his brother, he traveled on horseback to Chi- 
cago, proceeding thence to Rock Island, and 
after visiting Iowa, came to Emmet Township, 
McDonough County, where he tarried for a 
short time. Subsequently, he spent about four 
years in carpenter work at Macomb, 111., 
arter which he went back to the Buckeye 
State. Returning in 1857 to McDonough County, 
he purchased 183 acres of land in Emmet 
Township: and also bought ninety acres in Soi- 
ota Township, where he lived most of the time 
during the rest of his active life. 1-Iis labors were 
attended with successful results until, having 
acquired a competency, he retired from active 
pursuits and made his home in Good Hope. 
Nearly all the improvements on his farms were 
made by himself. 

On December 4, 1856, Mr. Black was united 
in marriage, in Miami County, Ohio, with Mary 
M. Hosier, who was born in Indiana, and there, 
in her youth, enjoyed the advantages afforded 
by the public schools. The following named 
children resulted from their union, namely: 
Ella (Mrs. Huckley); Isaac, who carries on 
farming in Emmet Township; James, a resi- 
dent of Newark, Ohio: Elizabeth (Mrs. Run- 
yan), whose home is in McDonough County: 
and William, who occupies the homestead 
farm. In politics, Mr. Black is a supporter of 
the Democratic party. Previous to the Civil 
War. he held the office of Assessor of Sciota 
Township, and also sei-ved as School Director 
and Commissioner of Highways. He subse- 
quently filled the positions of Siipervisor and 
School Trustee of Sciota Township. The 
duties of these several i)ublic trusts were dis- 
charged by him with ability and fidelity, and 
to the entire satisfaction of the people of the 
township. In religious belief Mr. Black ad- 
heres to the faith of the Baptist Church. 

BLACKSTONE, Stephen, one of the oldest and 
most prominent farmers of McDonough 
County, 111., who carries on farming and stock- 
raising on an extensive scale in New Salem 
Township, was born in Lafayette County, Wis., 
January 17, T83S. His father, Beverley Black- 
stone, was born in Madison County, N. Y., and 



828 



HISTORY OF Mcdonough county. 



his mother, Elizabeth (Blisset) Blacltstone, was 
a native of England. His grandfather, Stephen 
Blackstone, was born in Branford. Conn. The 
subject of this slcetch was the eldest of three 
children born to his parents, and the only 
son. In 1S40 he came with his father and 
mother to McDonough County, where, later in 
boyhood, he attended the district schools in 
the vicinity of his home, and assisted his 
father in work on the farm. . The latter died 
January 2, 1S61. Mr. Blackstone has always 
followed farming, in which he has been very 
successful, having acquired about 800 acres of 
the finest land in New Salem Township, Mc- 
Donough County, all of which is highly im- 
proved. In 1860, he began to feed and raise 
cattle and hogs, which he has continued to a 
considerable extent. In March, 1896, he met 
with a serious accident which has since in- 
capacitated him for much of the ordinary work 
of the farm. His right arm was caught in a 
corn and coo-crusher and so badly mangled as 
to necessitate amputation about three inches 
below the elbow. 

On March 2, 1S6(>, Mr. Blackstone was united 
in marriage with Mahala E. Smith, who was 
born in Casey County, Ky., and received her 
early education in McDonough County. III. 
j^Mve children were the Issue of this union, 
namely: Beverly, Elizabeth, George, Nettie 
and Clara. Mrs. Blackstone's parents, Reuben 
and Mary (Tinsley) Smith, natives of Ken- 
tucky, came to McDonough County in 184S, and 
settled near Bardolph. Her father died in 1873, 
but her mother still survives, and is living with 
her son and daughter. In politics, Mr. Black- 
stone is a Prohibitionist. In 1885 he served as 
Supervisor of New Salem Township and was 
School Director for twelve years. His religious 
connection is with the Methodist Episcopal 
Church. He is a man of high character and a 
useful and much respected member of the com- 
munity. 

BLANDIN, Charles A., one of the oldest and 
most highly respected residents of McDonough 
County, was born in Westminster, Windham 
County, Vt, December 30, 1829, the son of 
Joseph L. and Cenith (Holden) Blandin, both 
of whom were natives of Vermont Joseph L. 
Blandin was a farmer by occupation. He left 
his native State at a very early period, and 
emigrating to Illinois, located in McDonough 



County, where the town of Blandinsville now 
stands. The journey consumed three weeks, 
and was made by way of canal, lake and river. 
Before starting on the journey, he had secured 
a patent for a tract of Government land, on 
which he laid out the town of Blandinsville in 
1842, giving away lots in order to promote the 
growth of the new settlement which was 
named after him. All the material used in im- 
proving the place, was hauled from Warsaw, 
111., and all goods and merchandise were car- 
ried by wagon to and from that town. After 
founding Blandinsville, Mr. Blandin built 
brick blocks and a hotel there, and was suc- 
cessfully engaged in farming in the vicinity 
until the time of his death. For a while he 
made his home in a log cabin, which he built, 
and all his grain, together with that raised by 
the other early settlers of the neighborhood, 
was marketed In Warsaw. The farm house 
afterwards erected by him was located just 
back of Main Street, and was the first frame 
dwelling in that part of the county. He was 
the father of four children, namely: Joseph 
C, Captain Hume, Julia H. (Mrs. Lyon), and 
Charles A. With the exception of the last 
named, who is the subject of this sketch, all 
are deceased. Politically, the elder Blandin 
was first a Whig, afterwards becoming a "Free- 
Soiler." He was a man of untiring energy and 
remarkable force of character, and was widely 
known throughout the Military Tract for his 
many excellent qualities of mind and heart, and 
his faithful wife was in every respect worthy of 
such a husband. 

Charles A. Blandin received his early train- 
ing in his native town, and had just entered his 
"teens" when brought by his parents to Mc- 
Donough County. For some time, he assisted 
his father on the fann and otherwise, and in 
1850 entered the mercantile business, in which 
he continued five years. At the end of that 
period he sold out and v.'ent to Oquawka. 
in., where he was engaged, for two years, in 
the lumber and sawmill business. He then dis- 
posed of this also, and in company with his 
brother, built a mill at Burlington. Iowa, 
which they conducted until 1860. Mr. Blandin 
next applied himself to farming on the paternal 
estate. He also bought 320 a<;res in Section 1, 
Hire Township, McDonough County, which he 
improved to some extent, and there carried on 
general farming, together with raising and 





Oi-nyiA^^<^ 




HISTORY OF Mcdonough county. 



829 



slii|)i)ing stock, in which he is still interested. 
He now devotes his attention mainly to man- 
aging a small farm, where he is engaged iii 
feeding and raising Poland-China hogs. 

In 1858. Mr. Blandin was nnited in marriage, 
at Oquawka. 111., with Lydia A. Wadleigh, a 
native of Canada, and a daughter of Luke and 
and Phoebe (Rowell) Wadleigh, also Canadians 
by birth. Her father located In Oquawka, 111., 
in lb55, and was engaged in the lumber trade 
there. Mr. and Mrs. Blandin became the par- 
ents of seven children, of whom Ave are living, 
as follows: Samuel VV.. a resident of Chicago; 
Pha'be (Mrs. Smith); Nellie (Mrs. Black- 
hnrst). who lives in Racine, Wis.: Grace (Mrs. 
Burris). whose home is in Houston, Texas; and 
Charles L., of Blandinsville. who carries on 
farming. In politics. Mr. Blandin is a stanch 
Republican, having been an unswerving sup- 
I>ortPr of that party for many years. For 
three years during the Civil War, he served as 
Postmaster of Blandinsville, to which office he 
was appointed by President Lincoln. 

Mr. Blandin has led a long, honorable and 
useful life. He has borne an important and 
creditable part in all the arduous labors at- 
tending the development of .McDonough County, 
and in his declining years, enjoys the con- 
sciousness of duty done and of the warm re- 
gard and profound veneration of all the peo- 
ple of the region he has wrought so faithfully 
to upbuild. 

BLOUNT, Asher Benjamin (deceased), former 
highly respected citizen of .Macomb, Mc- 
Donough County. 111., was lM)rn in Ellisbur;. 
.lefTerson County, X. Y.. .May 'il, 1S19. a son of 
Ambrose and Betsy (Wood) Blount. The 
father was a native of Connecticut, and the 
mother of .Middletown. Vt. Ambrose Blount 
was a teacher and a magistrate. In 1S14 he 
was enrolled as a ".Minute Man." but was never 
called into service. Betsy Wood, the mother, 
was a sister of Hon. Reuben Wood, a former 
Governor of Ohio. In boyhood Mr. Blount en- 
joyed but limited educational opportunities. At 
a later period, however, he took a course of 
study in a select school, subsequently taught 
for eight or ten seasons and was County Super- 
intendent for a long time. In .lefferson County. 
N. Y.. he was engaged in farming, blacksniith- 
ing and carria.ge making. He came to Illinois 
in IStHi, and entered into the lumber business 



in Macomb, continuing thus until his retire- 
ment from active life. He was tor a long time 
President of the Macomb Stoneware Company, 
and the Macomb Building and Loan Associa- 
tion. He was the i)ossessor of one of the 
choicest and most complete libraries in 
Macomb. 

The first wife of Mr. Blount was Roxanna 
Miles, to whom he was married April 18. 1848, 
at Watertown, Jefferson County, N. Y. She 
was born in that county and died in .June. 1860, 
having borne three children, namely: Mary K. 
(Mrs. J. W. Hosman, who resides with Mrs. 
Blount); Frank .1. (Director of the Blount Pot- 
tery, of Macomb) ; and Fred P., who is farming 
in Kansas. March 25, 1868, Mr. Blount was 
united in marriage with Cynthia S. Barney, 
also a native of .Jefferson County, X. Y. This 
union resulted in two children: Harry, who 
owns two shoe stores in Macomb; and Myra. 
wife of Dr. Frank Lane, of Macomb. Mrs. 
Blount's parents were from Vermont. Her 
father was born in 1801, and he had a clear 
recollection of the War of 1812. He was a 
clothier by occupation, but on account of his 
health turned his attention to farming. Mrs. 
Blount completed her education at Falley Sem- 
inary. Oswego, X. Y.. and afterward became a 
teacher in that institution, coming with her 
husband to Macomb in 1868. She is the young- 
est of five children, who are all living, and 
that she comes of a long-lived family is further 
evident from the fact that her parents survived 
until they were over eighty years of age. In 
politics. Mr. Blount was a supporter of the 
Republican party, in which he had been i)romi- 
nent and influential. In .lefferson County, N. 
Y.. he served as Inspector of Schools, Township 
Superintendent and Township Clerk. He had 
twice held the office of Mayor of Macomb. In 
all of these i)ublic trusts, he discharged the 
duties devolving upon him with signal ability 
and fidelity, and throughout his pi-olonged 
career enjoyed the confidence and respect of 
the entire community. Religiously, he was 
allied with the IJniversalist Church. The 
genealogical record shows that both the Blount 
and Barney families came from England to 
New Salem. Mass.. just a year a|)art. Ijord 
Blount, who figured conspicuousl.v in the battle 
of Shrewsbury, was an ancestor of the Ameri- 
can blanch. His death occurred October 29, 
1899. 



830 



HISTORY OF McDOKOUGH COUNTY. 



BLOUNT, Harry Asher, a well-known dealer in 
boots and shoes and gent's furnishing goods in 
Macomb, McDonough County, 111., was born in 
that city Seinember 2. 1872, a son of Asher and 
Cynthia (Barney) Blount, natives of Jefferson 
County, N. Y. The grandparents on both sides, 
Ambrose and Betsy (Wood) Blount, and Hart 
and Betsy (Newell) Barney, were ah natives of 
Jefferson County, that State, except the pater- 
nal grandfather, who was born in St. Lawrence 
County, N. Y. Great-grandfather Asher Blount 
was of Vermont origin. Harry Asher Blount 
attended public school and Lombard College, at 
Galesburg, 111., completing his college course at 
the age of twenty-one years. He then returned 
to Macomb and was employed in the pottery 
line for one year. For one year he was secre- 
tary of the Tennessee Pottery Company, at 
Tennessee, 111. He then engaged in the real- 
estate business in Macomb, in which he is still 
interested. A year after engaging in real-es- 
tate operations, together with Benjamin Griffiin. 
he purchased the boot and shoe concern of 
George Kerman. On January 9, 1905, Charles 
Stapp bought the interest of Mr. Griffin. In 
December, 1903. Mr. Blount purchased a stock 
of boots and also a stock of gent's furnishing 
goods, which he handles under the firm name 
of Blount & Company. He is a competent busi- 
ness man and is developing a flourishing trade. 
In social circles he is quite popular, and his 
early life is bright with promise. In politics, 
Mr. Blount is a supporter of the Republican 
party. Fraternally, he is a member of the K. 
T., K. of P. and Phi Delta Theta. 

BLYTHE, Robert Frank, well-known as the 
proprietor of a department store in Bardolph, 
McDonough County, 111., was born near Nor- 
wich, England, February 21, 1870, the son of 
William and Mary (Starry) Blythe, also 
natives of England. His parents came to the 
United States, and located near Macomb. 111., 
in 1872, the father there engaging in agricul- 
tural pursuits. Robert F. Blythe, who is the 
fourth of nine children born to his parents, 
was reared on his father's farm in Walnut 
Grove Township where he remained until he 
was twenty-two years old. During this period 
he received his early education in the public 
schools. He continued on the home farm for 
two years after his marriage, and then moved 
to Macomb, where he lived until the spring of 



1899. At that period he took up his residence 
in Bardolph, and on August 29th of that 
year went into the grocery business. A year 
later he put in a stock of shoes and dry 
goods, and in the fall of 1904 established a de- 
jiartment store. He occupies two stores and 
conducts the largest establishment in town, 
handling a full line of groceries and canned 
goods, boots, shoes and rubbers, dry goods, 
hardware, patent medicines, etc. 

On December 31. 1891, Mr. Blythe was mar- 
ried to Frances Lillian Chrisenger, who was 
born and received her education in Macomb. 
Two children have blessed their union: Vivian 
Ulmont, born December 21. 1892; and Lillian 
Juanita, born July 21, 1894. In his religious be- 
lief, Mr. Blythe is a Presbyterian, and polit- 
ically is a pronounced Republican. He was ap- 
pointed Postmaster of Bardolph February 21, 
1901, and re-appointed in February, 1905. He 
is considered a very capable business man, and 
an efficient Postmaster. Fraternally, the sub- 
ject of this sketch is identified with the A. F. & 
A. M., Macomb Lodge No. 17, Morse Chapter No. 
19, Macomb Commandery No. 61, and is also 
affiliated with the 1. O. O. F. and M. W. A. 

BOGUE, Henry, who owns and operates one of 
the finest eighty-acre farms in McDonough 
County, 111., situated in Eldorado Township, was 
born in Fulton County, 111., October 10, 1853, a 
son of Joel and Sarah (Freeman) Bogue, the 
former having been born in Ohio. His paternal 
grandfather. Job Bogue, was also a native of 
Ohio. Marshall and Europa (Stafford) Freeman 
were the grandparents on the maternal side. Joel 
Bogue came to Illinois with his father, who 
was one of the earliest settlers in Fulton 
County, where he located on a farm just east 
of Vermont. He afterwards went to Kansas, 
and lived on a farm in Woodson County, that 
State, about ten years. Returning to Fulton 
County, he remained there about three years 
and then went to Oregon, where he died in 
February, 1902. He was twice married. His 
first wife died a short time before he went to 
Kansas, and he afterwards married Ella Mor- 
ley, a native of the State of Pennsylvania. 

Henry Bogue returned to Illinois in 1877, and 
worked out for five years in McDonough 
County, after which he lived two years on a 
rented farm. In 1884 he bought his present farm 
of eighty acres in Section 10, Eldorado Town- 




JAMES W. HAYS 



HISTORY OF Mcdonough county. 



831 



ship, and moved there after his niarriasie. When 
he purchased this farm there were no improve- 
ments on it. and he has built all the fine build- 
ings which now make it an attractive place, 
enclosing it with fencing, and tiling the whole 
of it. It is now. owing to its owner's Intelli- 
gence, energy and enterprise, one of the best 
improved farms in the county. 

On Febniary 12, 1S85, Mr. Bogue was united 
in marriage with Cora Snowden. who was born 
in Eldorado Townshiii, w-here, in her youth, she 
attended the common schools. Five children 
have been born to them, namely: Glenn R.. 
Freeman S.. Travus Lee, Floyd T., and .1. R. In 
politics. Mr. Itogue is a supporter of the Demo- 
cratic party, and served as Supervisor of the 
township in 19(i3-(i4. Fraternally, ne is affil- 
iated with the M. W. A. 

BOLLES, Edgar, M. D. (deceased), who was 
for a score of years a successful physician, of 
high repute, in Macomb, McDonough County. 
111., was born in Sandusky, Ohio. .laiuiary 12, 
1837. He was a son of William K. and Sarah 
(West) Bolles, of whom the former was born 
in .\ew London, Conn., in 1807, and the latter 
in Hillsdale, N. Y., in the same year. Lieing 
desirous of bettering their fortunes they jour- 
neyed to LaGrange County, Ind., making the 
trip in an old-fashioned lumber wagon with an 
ox-team. They discovered, how-ever. that the 
new region was much infested with malaria 
and chills and fever, and therfore returned to 
Hillsdale, N. Y. Remaining there about one 
year, they came to Blandinsville, 111., in 1853, 
and moved to Emmet Township, McDonough 
County, in 1866. 

The subject of this sketch remained on the 
farm with his father until he was twenty-one 
years old. assisting in the farm work during 
the summer and attending district school dur- 
ing the winter. On attaining his majority he 
entered the seminary at Blandinsville, where 
he studied two years. He then taught school 
and worked in various ways in order to secure 
the means to pursue a medical course. In 1863 
he came to Macomb and read medicine with 
Huston & Hammond. In 1868 he attended lec- 
tures at the Long Island College Hospital, 
Brooklyn. N. Y.. for one term. Next he took a 
course in the Detroit Medical College, from 
which he received his degree in medicine and 
surgery in 1869. After graduating he returned 



home and taught school for one term. In 1870 
he went again to Detroit, where he served as- 
assistant to Professors Weber and Jenks, in 
the departments of anatomy and diseases of 
women and children. Subsequently he was oc- 
cupied for a time as assistant in the office of 
Dr. .lenks, after which he l(x:ated at Penning- 
ton Point. McDonough County, III., where he 
remained until 1881. In that year he moved 
to Macomb, where he spent the remainder of 
his life, dying May 14, 1900. He was very 
highly regarded as a physician and as a man 
and citizen, building up an extensive practice 
and enjoying the confidence of his patients and 
the general public. On various occasions Dr. 
Bolles traveled widely throughout the United 
States, and when seized with his final sickness 
had completed preparations and secured tickets 
for an ocean voyage, in order to make an ex- 
tended tour abroad. He had accumulated con- 
siderable means, and held stock in both the 
sewer-pipe companies in Macomb. 

On May 15, 1872, the subject of this sketch 
was united in marriage with Fannie Penrose, 
at .Macomb, where her family was among the 
pioneer residents. This union resulted in two 
children, one of whom died in childhood, and 
the other, Howard W., is now serving as 
Deputy Sheriff of McDonough County. On 
I)olitical questions. Dr. Bolles was in accord 
with the |)olicies of the Republican party. Reli- 
giously, although not connected with any de- 
nomination, he leaned toward the MethtKlist 
Episcoi)al church. In fraternal circles, he was 
identified with the A. F. & A. M., being a Mason 
of high standing, a Knight Templar and a 
Noble of the Mystic Shrine. He was also affili- 
ated with the dramatic order. Knights of 
Khnrassan and the Knights of Pythias. 

BOSTWICK, George L., a veteran of the Civil 
War, who is successfully engaged in the lum- 
ber business in Prairie City, McDonough 
County, 111., was bom in the vicinity of Green- 
bush, Warren County, 111., on March 16, 1844. 
He is a son of Alanson and Abigail (Crissey) 
Bostwick, natives of Connecticut, the father 
born at New Canaan in that State in 1814. He 
was one of the pioneer settlers of Illinois, to 
which State he came about 1838, locating near 
Greenbush. In New Canaan. Conn., he was 
married to Abigail, a daughter of Abraham 
Crissey. After remaining in Greenbush for two 



832 



HISTORY OF Mcdonough county. 



years, he went back to Connecticut, where he 
also staid two years. He then returned to 
Greenbush, where he followed farming until his 
death in 1870. His wife, who was born in 
1816, passed away in 1845. Mr. Bostwick en- 
listed in early manhood in the Kighty-third 
Regiment Illinois Volunteer Infantry, and 
served three years. After he returned from 
the war he became a pupil at Lombard Col- 
lege, Galesburg, and also took a course in the 
Quincy Business College. Before entering the 
army he attended the district school in his 
neighborhood, and Greenbush Academy. He 
came to Prairie City in 1878, and in connec- 
tion with Mr. Crlssey bought out the lumber 
concern of A. Burr. The purchasing firm was 
known as Crissey & Bostwick until 1884, when 
Mr. Bostwick bought Mr. Crissey's interest, and 
has since conducted the business alone. 

On December 29, 1878, Mr. Bostwick was 
united in marriage with Minta L. Rounds, a 
native of Ohio. The children resulting from 
this union are Victor A. and Mabel C. Polit- 
ically, Mr. Bostwick is a Republican. He has 
sei-ved one term as Village Trustee, and was 
elected School Director in 1900. He is regarded 
as one of the most substantial and progressive 
business men in McDonough County, and has 
built up a flourishing trade. 

BOWEN, Tillman L., who is among the oldest 
of the pioneer farmers of Chalmers Township, 
McDonough County, III., and certainly one of 
the most highly respected, was born in the 
township named, on the farm where he still 
lives. January 28, 1832, and here utilized the 
meager opportunities of the primitive schools 
of that period. His father, Truman Bowen, was 
a native of Indiana, and his mother. Nancy 
■(Lewis) Bowen, was born in Columbus, Ohio. 
Truman Bowen came to McDonough County in 
1831 and entered 280 acres of land, which 
he was engaged in clearing at the time of his 
death, in that year. He was buried in the 
old cemetery west of Macomb, but one burial 
having previously been made there. 

Tillman L. Bowen, who was the youngest of 
eleven children, lived with his mother until 
her death in 1858. He and his brother, .lesse, 
bought 200 acres of the farm from the other 
heirs, retaining 100 acres for himself. To this 
lie added fifty-seven acres, and continued to live 
.on the home place. He notes the fact that in 



his early youth one gallon of hominy supplied 
the children of nine families with food for 
one day. After a while he made a trip with 
ox-teams to the Salmon River gold mines in 
Idaho, being si.x months on the way. Eighteen 
months later he returned and remained at home 
until 18S4, when, in an effort to improve the 
health of his wife who was sick with consump- 
tion, he took her and his family to Califor- 
nia. He reached that Stats December 17, 1884, 
and went by stage to Jacksonville, Ore., a jour- 
ney of 310 miles, which consumed three days 
and two nights. The death of Mrs. Bowen oc- 
curred October 12, 1885. Mr. Bowen continued 
to live there until the latter part of 1887, 
when he brought his family back to the old 
home, where ne remained until 1897 engaged 
in farming. At that period he bought a hack, 
and with a team of mules drove to Maryville, 
Mo. There he sold the outfit, and with two 
of his sons and a neighbor's boy, took a train 
to Boise City, Idaho. While prospecting here 
and there in Idaho and Southeastern Oregon, 
Mr. Bowen found one of his sons at a place 
named Peril. They sojourned in that region 
two years, Mr. Bowen spending most of the 
time in Jackson County, Ore., engaged in han- 
dling fruit with the rest of the company. At 
the end of two years, with his two sons he re- 
turned to the home farm, where he has since 
remained. 

On October 18, 1855, occurred the marriage 
of Mr. Bowen with Lydia Ann Rich, who was 
a native of Ohio, where, in her youth, she was 
educated in the public schools. The offspring 
of their union was as follows: William Tru- 
man; Nancy D. (Mrs. Robert Wilson), of Ore- 
gon; Frances Belzora (Mrs. McGraw), of Ari- 
zona; Emma, who died in infancy; John W., 
of Colorado; Henry E., of Oregon; and G. 
Howard and Lewis, who are with their father. 
In politics, Mr. Bowen is a Democrat. He 
has held the office of Justice of the Peace for 
twenty years, for a number of years served 
as School Director, and was Highway Commis- 
sioner three years. The religious connection 
of Mr. Bowen is with the Methodist Episcopal 
Church. The subject of this sketch can look 
back over his long and busy life with little 
of regret. As a man and as a citizen he has 
done his duty, and the consciousness of en- 
joying the implicit confidence and sincere re- 
spect orf the entire community attends his de- 
clining years. 



HISTORY OF Mcdonough county. 



83^ 



BOYD, Isaac N. — The career of Isaac N. Boyd. 
■Cashier of the I?ank of Colchester, is character- 
ized by rare devotion to high purposes, and 
more especially to those civic enterprises which 
tend to the enlightenment of a community of 
which he is a product and development. In hi.s 
makeui) are uie best qualities of an Irish-Scotch 
ancestry. His great-grandfather, born in Ire- 
land in 1731. blazed a new path for subsequent 
bearers of tne name by immigrating to Amer- 
ica before the Revolutionary War, and his son. 
William, the next in line of succession, took 
up his abode in Northampton County. Pa., 
where the second William, father of Isaac N.. 
was born, leaving there at the age of eiglit 
years and emigrating to Highland County, Ohio, 
where he lived until coming to Illinois. In 1853 
William, Jr., married Martha C. Vest, a native 
of Tennessee and granddaughter of a Scottish 
voyageur who early claimed the protection of 
the Stars and Stripes. In 1839 William Boyd 
came to Illinois and eventually located in Col- 
chester, w-here his son, Isaac N., was born Oc- 
tober 24, 1860. In his youth Isaac X. Boyd 
felt the pressure of necessity, and recognized 
the utter impossibility of risin,g from his nar- 
row groove save through his unaided efforts. 
He was of studious habits, and. appreciating 
the value of mental training as a general 
business asset, succeeded in gaining an edu- 
cation in the Colchester public schools, finish- 
ing at the Branch Normal School of Macomb. 
During the following four years his knowledge 
was turned to good account as a teacher in 
McDonough and Hancock Counties. 111., and he 
then turned nis attention to learning the bar- 
ber's trade, which he followed for about twenty 
years. He invested his humble and useful 
calling with thoroughness and honesty, and 
while establishing a credit which was to be of 
immense benefit to him later on. aspired to a 
yet broader life and took an imi)ortant part in 
general town affairs. Stanchly on the side of 
the Democracy. Mr. Boyd has su|)ported this 
IKjIitical platform for the past quarter of a 
century, or since casting his first presidential 
vote. He was an Alderman of Colchester sev- 
eral years. Police Magistrate four years, and 
was defeated for Supervisor in 1902. He was 
elected Mayor of Colchester in .\pril. 1905. and 
is now filling this office in a town having a 
Republican majority of one hundred and twenty. 
Ever since its organization in 1S95, he has been 



a member of the Board of Education of Col- 
chester, has been Secretary of the Board for 
the past ten years, and in the history of that 
organization has never missed a meeting. Mr. 
Boyd is a believer in social diversions, and is 
emphatic in his support of fraternal organi- 
zations, being a member of the Colchester 
Lodge No. 49(). A. F. & A. M.; the Colchester 
Chapter No. 121; the Eastern Star, of which 
his wife is also a member; Good Will Lodge 
No. 91, K. of P.. of which he is Deputy Grand 
Chancellor; and the Court of Honor. 

In 1902, Mr. Boyd stepped into his present 
position as Cashier of the Bank of Colches- 
ter. He represents a number of reliable in- 
surance companies, and is Secretary of the Col- 
chester Building and Loan .\ssociation. ' There 
are few enterprises of importance in the town 
to which he has not lent material or moral 
supjiort, and his business sagacity and fore- 
thought are regarded as a valuable municipal 
possession. He is a member and Trustee of 
the Universalist Church, and a teacher in the 
Sunday-school. The wife of Mr. Boyd, whose 
maiden name was Mary Wa.gstaff, is a native 
of the vicinity of St. Louis. Mr. and Mrs. 
Boyd are the parents of four children: Charles 
Wayne, Bonnie B., Nellie and Tona. As one 
of the foremost men of the community. Mr. 
Boyd has led an active and well directed life, 
has drawn around him friends who admire his 
character and depend upon his judgment, and 
has laid the foundation for many years of fu- 
ture iirominence and usefulness. 

BRANT, John M., head of the firm of .1. M. 
Brant & Company, which is engaged in the 
machine business in BushnoU. McDonough 
County, 111., was born in Hamilton. 111.. Feb- 
ruary 24. isr>3. The mental training of his 
youthful years was received in the public 
schools of Quincy, 111. Mr. Brant first applied 
himself to farm work, which he followed until 
he was eighteen years of age. when he went 
into the machine business. In 1S99 he came 
to Bushnell and opened a shop and sales-room, 
handling all kinds of heavy machinery. He 
deals in engines, threshers, clover-hullers, sow- 
ing machines and well drillers, besides doing 
the work of rebuilding and repairing. The 
plant furnishes employment for fifteen men, be- 
sides those who travel for the firm. Through 
the energy and ability of Mr. Brant, the firm 



834 



HISTORY OF Mcdonough county. 



has acquired a large volume of business, which 
is steadily increasing. In 1S85, Mr. Brant was 
united in marriage with Lurinda D. Bennett, 
who was born and schooled at Sonora, 111. Four 
children — Nellie, Ethel, Jennie Blanche and 
Bennett — resulted from this union. Mr. Brant's 
fraternal afBliation is with the K. of P. 

BRINTON, Edward D. (deceased).— In the 
death of Edward D. Brinton, May 16, 1905, Mc- 
Donough County lost one of its early and most 
zealous pioneers, and one who embodied, in 
his excellence of character and sincerity of 
purpose, much that was noble and worthy of 
emulation. A lad of thirteen when he arrived 
here in 1844, his career was marked by that 
steady progress which accompanies the labor 
of the clear-headed and industrious man of 
average ability, a man of simple tastes and 
deep moral convictions, desiring always the 
best interests of the community in which he 
lived. The Brinton forefathers dwelt for many 
years in Pennsylvania, the home of Edward 
Brinton, and .lames, his son, grandfather and 
father of Edward D. The grandfather served 
in the Revolutionary War under General Wash- 
ington, his widow drawing a pension up to the 
time of her death for his services. James 
Brinton was born in Chester County, Pennsyl- 
vania, as was also his wife, Isabella (Hansley) 
•Brinton. They had a family cf five children, 
and Edward D., the second oldest, was born 
on the battle-field of Brandywine (of Revolu- 
tionary fame), Chester County, July 20, 1831. 
Courage and ambition were qualities which 
combined to disquiet the heart of James Brin- 
ton. leading him from the settled condition 
in the Quaker State to the far-off prairies of 
Illinois, where, in the fall of 1844, he settled 
in Astoria, Fulton County. He soon afterward 
bought a farm near the town, but was not per- 
mitted to realize his dreams of large owner- 
ship, as death claimed him April 15, 1853, his 
wife surviving him until March 30, 1886. Ed- 
ward D. profited by the public schools of both 
Pennsylvania and Illinois, and after his fa- 
ther's death succeeded to the management of 
the home farm. He lived with his mother 
until his marriage, April 13, 1870. to Louise 
Horner, of York County, Pa., after which he 
purchased a forty-acre farm adjoining the old 
place. On february 26, 1891. he bought and 
moved to the farm where the widow now lives. 



the i)lace consisting of two hundred acres, on 
Sections 23 and 24, Eldorado Township. He 
was engaged in general farming, and also de- 
rived a liberal income from the raising of cat- 
tle, hogs and sheep. Ht was methodical and 
painstaking, and his house, out-buildings, im- 
plements and general improvements evidenced 
the man who put not off until tomorrow what 
was better accomplished today. While thor- 
oughly absorbed in his home tasks, he yet took 
a keen interest in the general affairs of the 
township, upheld its best political standards, 
and loyally filled the offices of Road Commis- 
sioner, Justice of the Peace, to which he was 
elected on the Democratic ticket. For years 
he was associated with the Masonic fraternity, 
and in his life bore testimony to its beautiful 
and inspiring teachings. 

Mrs. Brinton, who came from York County, 
Pa., with her parents in 1854, settling in Ful- 
ton County, this State, has, with the assistance 
of her children, conducted the home farm since 
the death of her husband. She is the mother 
of eight sons and daughters: John H.. Bell, 
Eva Anna (wife of Brower Pontious, and resid- 
ing on a farm near Adair, 111.) ; Phoebe. Docia, 
George E., Milton M. and Nellie D. The Brin- 
ton home is one which welcomes progress and 
enlightenment, and which brings within its 
doors the diversions and pleasures, as well as 
the labors, of country life. Mr. Brinton him- 
self was a promoter of education and peaceful 
existence, and a believer in keeping pace with 
the happenings in the world about him. He 
had a large store of information concerning 
the early days of the county, and he liked well 
to recall his martial experience during the Civil 
War. in which he served in Company F, One 
Hundred and Third Illinois Volunteer Infan- 
try, from October 2, 1862, until the close of 
hostilities. 

BROOKING, Alexander V., formerly a promi- 
nent breeder of live-stock, in which he dealt 
extensively, and a well-known resident of Ma- 
comb, .McDonough County, 111., was born Feb- 
ruary 25, 1829, at Sulphur Springs, Ky., where 
he enjoyed the advantages of the primitive 
schools of early days. His father, Thomas 
Brooking, a son of Thomas V. Brooking, was a 
native of Richmond, Va.. and his mother, Mary 
(Threshley) Brooking, was horn near Lexing- 
ton, Ky. In 1834. Alexander V. Brooking came 





"^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^1 


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<vi^H 




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^^^^^^^HpP^ 


^^WKP^^^^H 











BIGGER HEAD 



HISTORY OF McDOXOUGH COUNTY. 



835 



with his parents to Macomb, where his father 
taught school and practiced law. The latter 
bought a land claim of 150 acres, which he 
worked, teaching school during the winter sea- 
sons. The subject of this slietch is the ninth 
in a family of twelve children liorn to his 
parents. He remained with his father until 
he was twenty-two years of aiie. and in con- 
nection with the latter, increased the extent 
of the farm to 550 acres. He took half of the 
farm, and, in 1854, bought the remainder from 
his father, and lived there eleven years. In 
18C4. he came to Macomb, where he took charge 
of the Randoli)h Hotel, which he still retains. 
Having sold the homestead and bought an- 
other farm, he engaged in stock-raising and 
feeding horses. He retired from the business 
in 1904, having paid over $9,000 for tine stal- 
lions, which he brought to his place (the Chick- 
aniauga Stock Farm) two and one-half miles 
from Macomb. 

Mr. Hrooking was married August 27, 1S51. 
to Elizabeth H. Randolph, a native of Ohio, 
who attended public school in Illinois. She 
died in August, 1SG2, leaving three children — 
Thomas A., Melvina R. and Anna Louisa. On 
May 1, 1864, Mr. Hrooking married Mary E. 
Hutler. who was born in Illinois. The issue 
from this union was Frederick V.. Ethelin, Es- 
tella v.. Hrainerd R.. and Winnie Viola. In 
his political views, .Mr. Hrooking is a Rei)ub- 
lican. Fraternally, he belongs to the Ma- 
sonic Order (Macomb Ix)dge No. 17 and Morse 
Chapter No. 19) and the A. O. U. \V. His ca- 
reer has been long, active and successful, and 
he is now enjoying a period of well-earned 
rejiose. 

BROOKING, William T.— Not only are the ag- 
ricultural fortunes of McDono\igh County insep- 
arably associated with those bearing the name 
of Brooking, but practically every war of im- 
portance in the country which has caused the 
spirit of independence to rise with renewed 
strength above the smoke of its battle-fields, has 
counted among its valiant soldiers men of this 
family of pioneers. William T. Brooking, a re- 
tired farmer of Macomb, all but ten of w-hose 
eighty-three years have been passed within the 
boundaries of this county, ujiholds the char- 
acter and ideals of his forefathers. Born May 
fi. 1S24. in I'nion County. Ky., he is a son of 
Thomas A. and grandson of Thomas V. Brook- 



ing, both natives of Richmond, Va., and the 
latter of whom married Elizabetn Sherwin. 
His mother, Mary Louise (Threshly) Brooking, 
was born on a farm near Frankfort, Ky.. a 
daughter of William and Lucy (llpshaw) 
Threshly, natives of Kentucky and England, re- 
spectively. The father of Thomas V. Brooking, 
and the father of his wife. Elizabeth Sherwin, 
were both CJolonels in the War of the American 
Revolution. Thomas A. Brooking and his fa- 
ther also both shouldered muskets in the War 
of 1S12. 

Thomas A. moved In early manhood to Ken- 
tucky, married there, and in 1S,S4 went over- 
land to McDonough County, III. There he found 
silent prairies, uncrossed by fences or directing 
roads. The red men's tepee still adorned the 
landscape. Chicago, then the mart of the Cen- 
tral West, was a log-hut settlement, populated 
by about one hundred whites and half-breeds 
and seventy soldiers. Yet the Virginian's heart 
quailed not, and he bravely took up his life 
of self-sacrifice and consecration to the unfold- 
ing of the resources around him. Entering 
eighty acres of land, he added thereto until he 
owned at one time 500 acres. A man of educa- 
tion and refinement, he engaged in school teach- 
ing for one year at Macomb, and he subse- 
quently established a brick manufactory on the 
site of the present Catholic cemetery. His 
farms were his chief concern and most ready 
source of income, however, and upon his retire- 
ment from active life to the village of Macomb, 
he was the possessor of large wealth — as wealth 
was counted in those days. His death occurred 
in February, 1.S5.S, while yet men were arriv- 
ing who called themselves pioneers, yet who 
could never realize the trials and privations 
to which he himself had been subjected. He 
was the parent of four sons and seven daugh- 
ters. 

William T. Brooking lived at home until he 
was twenty-six years old — or until his marriage, 
March 7. 1850, to Louisiana Walker, who was 
born in Indiana in 1833. I'p to this time his 
life had been devoted to hard work, and even 
the meager schooling of the early subscription 
institutions was acquired with difficulty, owing 
to the tasks which pressed around his youth. 
A break in the monotony of farming presented 
itself in the disturbance at Nauvcx). in 1S45, 
when the Mormons were driven out of the 
town. Mr. Brooking was on ine scene at the 



836 



HISTORY OF Mcdonough county. 



time, but taking his departure at eleven in the 
morning, he escaped the riot which followed the 
killing of Joseph and Hyrum Smith the same 
evening. With his young wife he established 
his home on 160 acres of land across the road 
from his father's homestead, but disposed of 
this tract in 1864, and soon after purchased 270 
acres of the old place, upon which he moved 
in the spring of 1S66. In 1.SS5 he thought to 
retire permanently from farming, sold all his 
land, and engaged in the grocery business in 
Macomb. The peace of the country again called 
him in 1893, and he settled on a farm recently 
purchased, consisting of eignty acres, which 
remained his home until retiring from active 
life to Macomb in 1898. 

While no partisan, Mr. Brooking has always 
been a stalwart Republican. His official serv- 
ices extended back to the early history of the 
county. In 1870 he was Assessor of Macomb 
Township, and for twenty years was a mem- 
ber of the School Board. For many years he 
has been a prominent and popular member of 
the Masonic fraternity. The shadow of loss 
fell across his life January 5, 1902, when the 
wife who had shared his struggles and suc- 
cesses for fifty-two years passed away. There 
were six children born of this union: W. A.: 
Lucian Threshly; Dolly, wife of W. M. Wins- 
low: two who died in infancy, and one who 
died at the age of twelve years. Mr. Brooking's 
career has given direction and character to the 
development of Miacomb Township. His under- 
takings have been invested with conservatism 
and resulted in substantial success. As an ag- 
riculturist and business man, his well known 
integrity and good judgment have materially 
smoothed his path, and brought him an unas- 
sailable confidence. He is kindly in manner 
and generous of heart, and those who have 
known him for many years are still his friends 
and well wishers. 

. BROOKS, Frank W., who is engaged in the 
banking business in Blandinsville, McDonough 
County, 111., was born in Henderson County, 111., 
October 1. 1S47. and there received his edu- 
cation. He is a son of Benjamin F. and Eliza 
(Kertz) Brooks, of whom the former was born 
in Geneseo, N. Y., and the latter in Harris- 
burg, Pa. His father was engaged in the 
lumber business at Oquawka, 111., and Hannibal, 
Mo., but is now deceased. The mother now re- 



sides with Mr. Brooks. The subject of this 
sketch started out for himself in the lumber 
line about the year 1877, and continued thus 
for fifteen years before he became interested 
in banking. Before establishing himself in this 
trade in Blandinsville, he was likewise occu- 
l)ied in Sciota and Henderson, III. In the bank- 
ing business he has Tjeen associated with 
Grigsby Bros. & Company for ten years. 

On October 29, 1878, Mr. Brooks was mar- 
ried to Lizzie Gillihan, a native of Blandins- 
ville and a daughter of William W. Gillihan: 
her mother was a Miss Porter. This union 
resulted in three children, namely: Jessie E. 
(Mrs. E. Grigsby): Florence O. and Chauncey 
G. Politically, Mr. Brooks is a Republican, and 
fraternally, is affiliated with the A. F. & A. M., 
being a member of Blandinsville Lodge, No. 
233: Blandinsville Chapter, No. 208, and St. 
Omer Commandery, No. 15, Burlington, Iowa. 
He is very favorably known throutthout Mc- 
Donough County as an able and successful 
business man. 

BROWNING, (Dr.) Martin Perry, who is suc- 
cessfully engaged in the practice of osteop- 
athy in Macomb, McDonough County, 111., was 
born April 6, 1879, in Scotland County, Mo., a 
son of William Perry and Esther (Harrington) 
Browning, both of whom were born in Pike 
County, 111. His paternal and maternal grand- 
fathers were, respectively, William Browning 
and Martin Harrington. In his boyhood Dr. 
Browning attended the public school in his 
neighborhood, and in the spring of 1899 com- 
pleted his course in the normal school. Sub- 
sequently he entered the American School of 
Osteopathy, at Kirksville, Mo., from which he 
was graduated in 1902. He commenced the 
practice of his profession at Griggsville, 111., 
where he enjoyed a good patronage. Desiring, 
however, a wider field of effort, he transferred 
his practice to Macomb, January 24, 1904. He 
has been the only practitioner of the osteo- 
pathic school located in Macomb for the past 
two years, and has already rendered profes- 
sional service to a large number of patrons, 
which is constantly increasing. In November, 
1905, he formed a partnership with Dr. O. E. 
Bradley, of Memphis, Mo., and they have estab- 
lished themselves in the Gamage Building at 
Macomb. 

On January 1, 1901, Dr. Browning was united 








MRS. BIGGER HEAD 



HISTORY OF Mcdonough county. 



837 



in marriaRe to Cora W. Bradley, who was 
born in Scotland County, Mo., and pursued lier 
early studies in the district scIkkjI and at the 
normal school at Kirksville, Mo. One child 
has resulted from this union. Pauline Lucille, 
born .lanuary 19, 1902. The religious connec- 
tion of Dr. Mrowning is with the Christian 
Church. In polities, he belonss to the Repub- 
lican party, and fraternally, is identified with 
the I. O. O. F. The brief period of his en- 
deavors in Macomb gives assurance of a suc- 
cessful professional career. 

BRUNER, Millard F., a well-known and jHOnii- 
nent citizen of M\cDonough County. 111., who is 
engaged in general farming and stock-raising 
just west of Macomb Normal School, was born 
in that county. .lanuary 9. 1S57. a son of David 
and Rhoda (Hills) Bruner. of whom the father 
was a native of Kentucky, and the mother born 
in Schuyler County, 111. The paternal grand- 
parents were Jacob and Maria (Bechtold) Bru- 
ner. the foi-mer having been born in Kentucky, 
and on the maternal side the grandi)arents 
were Ishmael and Elizabeth (Wright) Hills. 
David Bruner, the father, came to McDonough 
County in 1843 and settled in Eldorado Town- 
ship, where he lived about twent.v-four years 
engaged in general farming. He then sold out 
and bought a farm in Industry Township, which 
he cultivated until his removal to Table Grove 
in ISSS, where he resided until his death in the 
spring of 1894. The deceased was an old-line 
Whig, and afterward joined the ranks of the 
Republicans. In his religious faith he was a 
member of the Predestination Baptist Church. 
His wife, the mother of Mr. Bruner, is still 
living. 

.Millard F. Bruner was the fifth in a family 
of eight children. He spent the first ten years 
of his life on his father's farm in Eldorado 
Township, and after the family moved to In- 
dustry Township attended public school as op- 
portunity offered. There he remained until 
1S7C. and then bought A farm of 106 acres three 
miles south of the paternal homestead, where 
he si)ent ei.ght years. After his father moved 
to Table Grove, he went back to the latter's 
farm, where he stayed until the fall of 1898. 
He then sold the property in Industry Town- 
ship and purchased a farm of 192 acres in 
Emmet Township, which he rented, and thence 
removed to Macomb in the fall of 1903, making 



his home on his present farm. He also Ixiught 
180 acres in the same township. Mr. Bruner 
built a fine residence and outbuildings and 
made many improvements. His home is hand- 
some and modern, being located opposite the 
State Normal School. 

Mr. Bruner was married Pebruary 10. 1876, 
to Ida L. Downen. who was born and schooled 
in .McDonough County. Three children, David, 
Thomas and Frederick, resulted from this 
union. Politically, Mr. Bruner is a Republican. 
In 1898 he was elected Sheriff of McDonough 
County, and made his residence for four years 
in the county jail. Before settling on his pres- 
ent farm he also lived one year in the east 
part of Macomb. Fraternally, Mr. Bruner is 
connected with the Masonic Order (Industry 
Lodge, A. F. & A. M.), Modern Woodmen of 
America and Mystic Workers. The subject of 
this sketch is one of the most intelligent and 
substantial citizens of McDonough County, and 
is respected by all who know him. 

BURNHAM, Charles Edgar, a prominent and 
successful farmer of .McDonough County. 111., 
was born in Schuyler County, that State. Oc- 
tober 3, 1864, a son of Edgar and Caroline 
(Armstrong) Burnham, the former born in the 
State of New Hampshire, and the latter in 
Pennsylivania. The maternal grandfather, John 
Armstrong, was also a native of the Keystone 
State. The subject of this sketch is the fourth 
of fourteen children born to his parents. He 
was born on the home farm, where he lived 
until he was eight years of age. His parents 
then moved to McDonough County, where their 
son. Charles, enjoyed the advantages of the 
common schools. Charles and his brother John 
bought the home farm w-hen the former was 
twenty-three years old. and he lived there until 
two years after his marriage. In 1896. he sold 
his interest in the homestead, and purchased 
the farm which he now operates. He is en- 
gaged in general farming and stock-raising, and 
his energy, industry and systematic methods 
have resulted in prosperous conditions on his 
property. 

On February 7. 1894. Mr. Burnham was united 
in marriage with Minnie Wilson, who was born 
and schooled in Industry Township, McDon- 
ough County, and is a daughter of Hugh and 
Harriet (Hobart) Wilson. Mr. and Mrs. Burn- 
bam have been blessed with four children. 



838 



HISTORY OF Mcdonough county. 



namely: Hugh Wilson, Edgar Wilson, Roy 
King and Carl Hobait. In ijolitics, Br. Burn- 
ham upholds the principles of the Republican 
party. 

BURPEE, George W. (deceased), who was for- 
merly a prosperous merchant of high repute 
in Bushnell, McDonough County, 111., was born 
in Mount Morris, Livingston County, X. Y., Jan- 
uary 18, 1838, a son of Elijah and Myra (Bai- 
ley) Burpee, natives of Sterling. Mass. Elijah 
Burpee was a cabinet-maker by trade, and 
moved west with his family to Rockford, 111., 
in 1853, where the subject of this sketch com- 
pleted his education in the public schools. Dur- 
ing the Civil War, Mr. Burpee responded to the 
call to serve his country, and enlisted in the 
One Hundred and Fifth Regiment Illinois Vol- 
unteer Infantry, in which he served about two 
years. In 1863 he located in Bushnell and en- 
tered into the grocery business with X. T. 
Mairs, of Galway, X. Y. At a later period he 
formed a partnership with Walter R. Webster, 
of Bushnell. in the grain business. In 1871 he 
went to Waterloo, Iowa, where he was en- 
gaged in the grocery business for two years, 
when he went to Chicago and there became a 
member of the Board of Trade. At a later pe- 
riod he reijresented the grain and commission 
firm of Milraine. Bodman & Company, of Chi- 
cago, with which he was identified until Jan- 
uary 1, 1894, when he became connected with 
the grain firm of P. B. and C. C. Miles, of 
Peoria, 111. He was a man of superior busi- 
ness ability, diligent in application to his work, 
and of unswerving integrity. Those who knew 
him intimately testify emphatically as to the 
fine sense cf honor which dominated all his re- 
lations in life. 

On X'^ovember 22. 1866. Mr. Burpee was united 
in marriage with Mary L. Webster, a native of 
Gowanda, N. Y., and a daughter of Walter R. 
and Mary H. (Johnson) Webster, natives of 
Xew York. In politics, Mr. Webster was a 
strong Republican, and traternally was affil- 
iated with the Masonic fraternity. His death 
occurred at his residence in Bushnell, Octo- 
ber 5, 1894. 

BUSSERT, John Allen, who follows the trade 
of a carpenter in Macomb. 111., and is also 
known as an expert player on musical instru- 
ments, was born in Hocking County, Ohio, Feb- 
ruary 5, 18.'?fi, and there attended the public 



schools. His father, William Bussert, was bom 
in Pennsylvania, and his mother, Catherine 
(Helms) Bussert, was a native of Maryland. 
Andrew Bussert, his paternal grandfather, was 
a native of Germany. 

John A. Bussert is the youngest of a family 
of thirteen children, of whom he and one 
brother are the only survivors. He remained 
at home until his marriage, and, in September, 
1861. enlisted as musician in the Sixty-first 
Regiment Ohio Volunteer Infantry, which was, 
a year later, consolidated with the Fifty-eighth 
Ohio, all the musicians being mustered out. 
He then enlisted as a private in the Thirtieth 
Ohio Volunteers, in which he served two 
months, when he was taken out of the ranks 
and i)ut into the Third Brigade, Second Divi- 
sion, Fifteenth Army Corps. Here he served 
one year as a musician, when he was mustered 
out and returned home. Shortly afterward he 
enlisted as a private in the Eighty-eighth Reg- 
iment Ohio Volunteer Infantry, but was as- 
signed to service as a musician at the post 
in Cam|) Chase, Ohio, where he remained until 
the end of the war. In 1864 he sei-ved as Dep- 
uty Provost Marshal and was engaged in ar- 
resting deserters, whom he delivered to the 
Provost Marshal. After the war Mr. Bussert 
returned home and worked at farming. He 
went to Missouri in 1865. and farmed there 
until 1873. Then he moved to Macomb, where 
he followed teaming for five years, when he 
resumed work as a carpenter, and has followed 
this trade ever since. He is a fine musician, 
being especially proficient with the horn, on 
which he plays first baritone. During his res- 
idence in Ohio he gave lessons in all the mu- 
sical institutions of the State. 

Mr. Bussert was married in 18.59 to Maria 
Robey. who was born and educated at Tarl- 
ton, Ohio. He and his wife have three chil- 
dren: Burt, who resides in Macomb, 111.; Car- 
rie (Mrs. Walter E. Quimby). who lives in 
Maine, and William, a resident of Macomb. 

In jjolitics. Mr. Bu'ssert is an earnest Re- 
publican, and fraternally is an active member 
of the G. A. R. He is highly regarded in the 
community and his presence is familiar to al- 
most every one. 

BYERS, Earl M. — Viewing the world from the 
shelter of his fine and self-earned farm in Wal- 
nut Grove Township. McDonough County. Earl 
M. Byers may well congratulate himself that 



HISTORY OF Mcdonough county. 



839 



his linos have fallen in pleasant and profitable 
places, and that his occupation is one tor which 
nature and inclination have admirably fitted 
him. A native son of Illinois and born in Han- 
cock County November 3, 18G1, he is the oldest 
of the three sons and one daughter of William 
and Emily (Tucker) Byers. the former born 
In Pennsylvania, and the latter in Illinois. 
Willia'ii Byers moved with his family from 
Hancock to McDonough County in 1S74, and 
there conducted general farming until his re- 
tirement from active life to his present home in 
Macomb in 1891. His children all are living, 
but he has been a widower since the death of 
his wife. April Id, 190.5. With such aids to 
back him as a common school edtication and 
thorough agricultural training under his father. 
Earl M. Byers embarked upon a self-supporting 
life on a farm east of Raritan, Henderson 
County, this State, where he remained three 
years. In the spring of 1887 he purchased 161 
acres of land in Section 17, Walnut Grove 
Township, which land he has greatly improved, 
adding, besides a variety of modern implements, 
a residence constructed in 1902, and a barn of 
more recent date, costing ?2,000. Besides rais- 
ing grain and other products which thrive in 
the Central West, he is an extensive breeder 
of Shorthorn cattle, and in addition to the fa- 
cilities required for succes.sfully conducting his 
business, has surrounded himself and wife with 
the comforts and even luxuries of existence. 
His home is unexcelled for architectural and 
general appropriateness in the township, and 
his standing as a farmer and citizen is an 
enviable one. 

On September 10, ISS.i, Mr. Byers was united 
in marriage to Bessie Dean, a native of Illinois, 
and the seventh in order of birth of the six 
daughters and two sons of Michael and Susan 
(Cummings) Dean. Mr. Dean was born in 
Bath County, Ky.. and his wife is a native of 
the vicinity of Greenoch, Scotland. The latter 
came to America with her parents w^hen five 
years old. and was married in Fulton County, 
III.. March 10, 1842. In lS5r> the family moved 
to their present home in Warren County, where 
was solemnized the marriage of their daughter, 
Bessie and Mr. Byers. In politics. Mr. Byers 
is a Democrat. A broad minded and intelligent 
farmer, a promoter of education and morality, 
he is a capable exponent of the highest tenets 
of agricultural science. 



CAMP, Farnam B., a well-known farmer of 
Chalmers Township, McDonough County, 111., 
was born in Section 3, of that township, No- 
vember 13, 1836, a son of Israel and Anna 
(Barnes) Camp, natives, respectively, of New 
Hampshire and Connecticut. Israel Camp 
came to McDonough County in 183,5 with his 
wife and two sons, who were quite young, and 
settled on the northwest quarter of Section 3, 
Chalmers Township, having bought the property 
from a Mr. Anderson. The family came from 
Brookfield, Orange County, Vt., by wagon and 
team, sixty-four days being occupied in making 
the trip. They commenced their long overland 
journey in April. 1835, and located where Far- 
nam B. Camj) now lives, starting life in a rude 
log cabin and with little improved land. The 
father was a man of many practical accomplish- 
ments, being a farmer, a carpenter, a mill- 
wright, a cooper and a fair doctor (for the 
times). He erected his hut in the thick tim- 
l)er, and made his way the first year by building 
bridges and cultivating his small tract of cleared 
land with a wooden mold-board and single shovel 
plow, and other primitive implements. After- 
ward he formed a partnership with George 
Rice, built a saw-mill on Spring Creek and did 
a thriving business. In 1840 he made a kiln 
of brick, and, in 1841, built a frame house 
which was as good a residence as any in the 
county at that time. He was altogether a ca- 
pable, industrious and useful citizen. 

The subject of this sketch attended the sub- 
scription school in the neighborhood when a 
youth, and continued to live with his parents 
until he was of age. He was the youngest 
of three boys and, when old enough, started 
out to work with his brother at carpentering 
and farming. This lasted one season, when 
he returned home and in connection with his 
other brother, purchased a mill-site and op- 
erated a saw-mill for eight years. At the end 
of this period he again engaged in carpenter 
work and farming, and bought a little land 
now and then, until he now owns fifty acres, 
on which he is carrying on farming. On May 
1. 1890, Mr. Camp was married to Elizabeth 
A. Taylor, who was born in Chalmers Town- 
ship, where in girlhood she attended public 
school. In politics, the subject of this sketch is 
a stanch adherent of the Republican party. He 
has lately completed a term of four years as 
.lustice of the Peace, and served as School Di- 



840 



HISTORY OF Mcdonough county. 



rector twenty-one years, and one year as Asses- 
sor. Mr. Camp is a man who enjoys the con- 
fidence and respect of his neighbors to a large 
degree, and is an exemplary citizen. 

CAMP, John R., publisher of the "Bushnell 
Record," in Bushnell, McDonough County, 111., 
was born in the county named, February 6, 
1862. He is a son of S. P. and Samantha 
(Harris) Camp, the father a native of Tennes- 
see and the mother of Illinois. The former 
came to McDonough County in the 'fifties, and 
followed the occupation of a farmer. John R. 
Camp received his elementary education in the 
common schools, and at the age of sixteen 
years began to learn the printer's trade in 
the office of what is now the "Bushnell Rec- 
ord." The paper was established by D. G. 
Swan, in 1865, as the "Union Press." In 1868, 
its name was changed to the "Bushnell Record. " 
On January 12, 1S83, Camp Brothers succeeded 
Taylor & Camp in its management, and, since 
1897, it has been conducted by John R. Camp. 
The "Record has a weekly circulation of 1,100 
copies, and the office is equipped with three 
modern presses. 

Mr. Camp was married, January 1, 1885, to 
Lura Kornal. Mr. and Mrs. Camp have one 
child, Zolene, and an adopted daughter, Rita 
Yockey. The subject of this sketch served one 
term as Township Collector, and one term as 
President of the Board of Education. From 
1898 to 1902, he was Postmaster of Bushnell. 
He is now a School Trustee of the township. 
Fraternally, Mr. Camp is a member of the 
Masonic Order, the Eastern Star, I. O. O. F. 
(three branches), M. W. A., Court of Honor 
and Mystic Workers. 

CAMPBELL, David, one of the oldest farmers 
and merchants in McDonough County. 111., and 
one of the most highly respected citizens of 
Good Hope, in that county, where he is now 
living in retirement, was born In Greene Coun- 
ty, Tenn., on June 16, 1819, a son of Alexander 
and Mary W. (Strain) Campbell, the former 
being a native of A'irginia where he was born 
in Augusta County. Alexander Campbell moved 
from Virginia to Tennessee at an early period, 
and in 1829 started for McDonough County, 
III., stopping, however, in Kentucky until Sep- 
tember, 1830. He then continued his journey 
until he reached Camp Creek, 111., where he 



remained eight years. There he bought a 
tract of Government land, for which he paid 
$1.25 per acre. This he sold in the spring of 
]8o6 and, with his two sons-in-law, A. H. and 
Quintus Walker, purchased Section 16 in Wal- 
nut Grove Township. At that time the law re- 
quired that there must be at least forty in- 
habitants in a township before the sixteenth 
section could be advertised for sale. On mak- 
ing a count it was discovered that the popula- 
tion fell somewhat short of the requisite num- 
ber, and in order to comply with the provisions 
of the statute, Mr. Campbell and the Messrs. 
W^alker hired rail-makers to come and make up 
the deficiency. 

Alexander Campbell carried on farming in 
Section ](! after clearing, breaking up and im- 
proving the land. It was the only settlement 
between EUisville, 111., and what was then 
known as Job's Settlement, being eighteen miles 
from the former, and twelve from the latter. 
Mr. Campbell and the Messrs. Walker built 
and dwelt in log houses, and their homes 
furnished the only stopping places in a long 
distance for people traveling from Ohio and 
Indiana for the purpose of settling in Iowa. 
In that day it was necessary tor the residents of 
the neighborhood to haul all their grain and 
pork either to Beardstown or Warsaw, 111., and 
this consumed considerable time. The wife of 
Alexander Campbell was formerly Mary W. 
Strain, whom he married in Tennessee on Oc- 
tober IS, 1808 or 1809. She and her husband 
reared a family of three boys and four girls, 
of whom the sons are still living. Mr. Camp- 
bell continued to live in Section 16, Walnut 
Grove Township until his death in 1856. He 
filled the office of Justice of the Peace for a 
number of years, occupied several minor public 
positions, and was prominent in the work of 
organizing the tow-nship. He was a man of 
remarkable energy, superior judgment and 
strict probity. 

David Campbell accompanied his parents 
from Tennessee to Illinois, being then about 
ten years of age. He has a clear recollection, 
of tlie time when his father conducted a Sun- 
day (School in the lo.g cabin which constituted 
the family home. When twenty-two years old, 
the subject of this sketch applied himself to 
farming on his own account, on eighty acres 
of land which he had purchased in Section 16, 
Walnut Grove Township, and at a later period 




ABRAHAM HORROCKS 



HISTORY OF Mcdonough county. 



841 



he bought forty acres more in Section S, ad- 
joining. In 18C9 he sold his farm, intending to 
move to Kansas, but instead of carrying out 
his original purpose, established his residence 
in Good Ho]ie. in the fall of that year. His son 
E. T. went to Kansas, but returned somewhat 
dissatisfied with the outlook there. The taiuily, 
therefore, determined to remain in Good Hope, 
where the father and two of his sons bought an 
agricultural implement and dry -goods store, 
which they conducted for a number of years. 
In .June, 1S42, Mr. Campbell was united in 
marriage with Winifred Bridges, who was born 
in Tennessee, but whose parents were early 
settlers of Industry Township, McDonough 
County. Six children were the offspring of 
this union, namely: Cornelia (Mrs. Durell), 
born September 3, 1842; John, born April 14, 
1847, who lives in Kansas; Ebenezer N. (de- 
ceased), who was born January 8, 1849, and 
was a physician; Margaret Louisa (Mrs. Cru- 
ser). born April 17, lS,il, a resident of Missouri; 
Mary Jane (Mrs. A. Allison), born June 16, 
1853, whose home is in Good Hope, 111., and 
Ira Bridges, born February 2S, 1856, who re- 
sides in Missouri, at Kansas City. Ebenezer 
and Ira were associated with their father in the 
mercantile enterprise already mentioned. In 
politics, the subject of this sketch is an old- 
time Republican and served five years as Post- 
master of Good Hope. His son. Ebenezer N., 
had previously held that office for two years, 
but resigned in order to study medicine, and 
was succeeded by the father. Mr. Campbell 
has been a member of the Presbyterian Church 
since he was nineteen years of age, and has 
had a long, useful and honorable career. No 
citizen of McDonough County is held in greater 
esteem than David Cami)bell, who is regarded 
on all sides with profound veneration. 

CAMPBELL, J. James, who has successfully 
conducted a jewelry store in Bushnell, ivlc- 
Donough County, 111., since 1SS2, was born in 
Macomb. 111.. .May 21, 184.5, and there enjoyed 
the advantages of the public schools. He is a 
son of James M. and Louisa (Farwell) Camp- 
bell, his father having been born in Frankfort, 
Ky., in 1803, and his mother being a native 
of Vermont. James M. Campbell was the first 
of the pioneer settlers of McDonough County, 
coming there by official appointment for the 
puriiose of organizing the county in 1831. This 
15 



organization he assisted in perfecting, as well 
as that of the town of Macomb, the streets of 
which he laid out. In 1835 he was appointed 
County Recorder, was the first Postmaster of 
-Macomb, being appointed in 1842, and held 
the office of County Clerk for eighteen years, 
receiving his commission as Recorder and Coun- 
ty Clerk from Governor Reynolds. In politics, 
he was a Democrat and was very prominent 
and influential in the local councils of his party, 
having held almost every office in the town and 
county. He died at Macomb in 1891, at the 
age of eighty-four years. 

J. James Campbell, the son, came to Bush- 
nell in 1882, and established himself in the 
jewelry business, which he has conducted con- 
tinuously ever since at his present location, 
affording evidence of his stability of character 
and persistent adherence to his undertakings. 
He is known to nearly all of his fellow citizens, 
enjoys a fine patronage and commands the con- 
fidence and respect of those with whom he 
comes in contact. 

On .\ugust 19, 1S72, Mr. Campbell was united 
in marriage with Martha Lipe, who was born 
and educated in McDonough County. The chil- 
dren resulting from this union are: Lula, 
Mary and Maude, the first and last of whom 
are married. In politics, Mr. Campbell is a 
Democrat, rie has served as Township Col- 
lector, and w-as a member of the School Board 
for nine years. Fraternally, he is a member of 
the order of Loyal Americans, the I. O. O. F., 
K. of P. and M. W. of A. 

CAMPBELL, Newton S., a well-known lawyer 
of Hlandinsville, .McDonough County. 111., was 
born in Monroe County, Ind., June 14, 1845, 
and there received his early mental training 
in the public schools. His father, Howard 
Campbell, was born in Rowan County, N. C, 
and his mother, Hannah L. (Gibbons), was a 
native of Indiana. Howard Campbell was a 
farmer by occupation. He came to Blandins- 
ville Township in 1S62. and carried on farming. 

Newton S. Campbell was reared on his fa- 
ther's farm. From the farm he went into the 
law office of C. R. Hume, where he studied law, 
and since bis admission to the bar, has prac- 
ticed in Hlandinsville. In connection with his 
law practice, he conducts a collection and in- 
surance office. In 1882. Mr. Campbell was mar- 
ried to Mary E. Burr, who was born in Indiana, 



842 



HISTORY OF Mcdonough county. 



and four children have blessed their union, 
namely: Ralph and Ruth E. (deceased), Anna 
R. (Mrs. Warner), and Mary M. Fraternally. 
Mr. Campbell is affiliated with the I. O. O. F. 

CANON, James H., who owns and cultivates a 
fine farm in Mound Township. McDonougii 
County, 111., is a son of .lames A. and Rachel 
(Sullivan) Canon, and a grandson of Robert 
Canon and Joseph Sullivan, on the paternal and 
maternal sides, respectively. His father was 
a native of Kentucky, and his mother of Wash- 
ington County, Pa. .James A. Canon came to 
McDonough County with his parents in 18.34, 
Robert Canon having purchased eiglity acres 
of land there. The latter lived on this land 
the rest of his life. His son, James A., lived 
there some years and sold out in 1857, going 
to Iowa. On returning, six weeks later, he 
bought 160 acres of land in Mound Township, 
where he lived until his death, in January, 19()i1. 

James H. Canon was born in Chalmers Town- 
ship, McDonough County, December 17, 1851, 
where in boyhood he enjoyed the advantages 
of the district school. He was the fourth in 
a family of five children, and lived with his 
parents until he reached the age of nineteen 
years. He then left home and did farm work 
by the month for two years, after which he 
operated a farm for himself. In the spring of 
1883, he bought 102^^ acres of land, which con- 
stitutes the main portion of his present farm. 
To the first purchase he added until he now 
owns 170 acres, on which he carries on gen- 
eral farming and raises cattle, horses and hogs. 
He is an energetic and painstaking farmer, and 
his labors are attended with good results. 

Mr. Canon was first married in May, 1S76, 
to Nancy J. Amos, who was born in Kentucky. 
This union was the source of five children, as 
follows: Estella, Astoria, Abner E., Joseph A. 
and James B. McK. The second marriage was 
to Mynea C. Jackson, who was born in Mound 
Township, McDonough County, and received 
her early mental trainin,g in the district school. 
One child, Lola Mary, is the offspring of this 
union. Politically, Mr. Canon casts his vote in 
favor of the Republican party, and has served 
the township one term as Road Commissioner. 
Fraternally, he is affiliated with the M. W. A. 

CANOTE, William Henry, formerly a diligent 
and successful farmer of Colchester Township 



and now living at leisure in the village of Col- 
chester, McDonough County, 111., was born in 
Putnam County, Ind., May 22. 1831, a son of 
Henry and Peachie (Mumpine) Canote, natives 
of Kentucky. The grandfathers on the paternal 
and maternal sides were Jacob Canote and 
Wilson Mumpine. Henry Canote, the father, 
came with his family to McDonough County it', 
1836, and settled in what is now Colchester 
Township, where he entered eighty acres of 
Government land, on which he lived the re- 
mainder of his life. 

The subject of this sketch was the fourth of 
a family of five children born to his parents, 
four of whom were boys. In boyhood he re- 
ceived his mental training in the public 
schools. He bought the interests of the other 
heirs of his father's estate and lived on the 
home farm until 1898, when he retired to Col- 
chester, where he had purchased property. He 
owned 290 acres of land in one tract, besides 
twenty-teve acres of timber and the homestead 
of eighty acres, of which he sold all but the 
290 acres. 

On December 18, 1856, he was united in mar- 
riage with Hester M. Monk and their union 
resulted in three children. Of these John, who 
was born in Colchester Township January 8, 
1859, is the only one now living. Mrs. Canote 
died December 14, 1S62, and on April 17, 1864, 
he was married to Mary J. Burford, who died 
February 18, 1904, having borne him four chil- 
dren, namely: Calvin, who resides in Col- 
chester; .Tessie, Mrs. Oscar J. Linstrum, of 
Girard, 111.: Effie, wife of William Perkins, 
of Colchester Township; and Birdie, Mrs. 
Geor.ge Fulder. of Colchester. March 17, 1905, 
he married as his third wife, Mrs. Lucinda 
(Frank) White, with whom he is now living In 
Colchester. Mr. Canote endorses the principles 
of the Democratic party, but in local affairs 
supports the measures which he believes to be 
for the best interests of the whole people. 

CARROLL, Charles William, a prosperous 
grain-dealer of Blandinsville, McDonough Coun- 
ty, 111., was born in Newark, Licking County, 
Ohio, April 12, 1834, a son of James and Allen 
(Lauhrey) Carroll, natives of the State of 
Pennsylvania. Mr. Carroll came to Bureau 
County, III., with his i)arents when an infant. 
In youth he was employed as a clerk, and 
afterward followed farming. In 1S56 he en- 



HISTORY OF Mcdonough county. 



843 



gaged in the grain trade in Annawan, Henry 
County, 111., whence he removed in 1SG7 to Chil- 
licolhe, Peoria County, 111., where he si>ent 
eleven years in the same line of husiness. After 
beins enga.^ed for ten years in the grain husi- 
ness in Henry, III., he moved to Clarinda, Page 
County. Iowa, where he dealt in grain one 
year, then returned to Chillicothe, 111., for one 
year. He next resided at Galesburg, 111., where 
he took charge for a year of F. H. Peavey & 
Company's grain business between Chicago and 
Kansas City. Next he went to Media. Hen- 
derson County, 111., where he built an elevator 
and remained one year. In 1S92 he came to 
niandinsville and l)(>ught ,1. M. Davis' grain 
and coal business, including the elevator with 
a capacity of 15,000 bushels. He handles all 
kinds of grain and coal. 

On December 28, 1875. Mr. Carroll was mar- 
ried to Olive .\nielia Wilmot. who was born in 
Northami)ton, Peoria County, 111., and two chil- 
dren. Ralph Waldo and Kdnard, have resulted 
from this union. Ralph Waldo married. De- 
cember 3. 1902, Miss Louise Bushnell. He as- 
sists his father in the grain husiness. Re- 
ligiously, Mr. Carroll is identified with the Bap- 
tist denomination, politically is a Democrat, and 
has served one year as Mayor of Blandins- 
ville. Fraternally, he is affiliated with the A. 
F. & A. M. as member of Blandinsville Lodge, 
No. 233: Blandinsville Chapter, No. 208; Peoria 
Commandery, Xo. 3. and Eastern Star Chap- 
ter, No. I OS. 

CATES, Richard, a prominent and successful 
stock dealer residing in Prairie City. McDon- 
ough County. 111., was born in Wayne County, 
Ind., February 27, lS3t), a son of Daniel and 
Sarah (Cramer) Cates, who were natives, re- 
spectively, of Knoxville, Tenn., and the State 
of North Carolina. The father was born in 
ISIS and died in 1890, the mother dying in 1901. 
Daniel Cates moved from Tennessee to Wayne 
County, Ind., in 1S25. still later to Howard 
County in the same State, and from there to 
Centerville, Iowa. He then went to Mercer 
County, Mo., and subsequently to Southwest- 
ern Kansas, where he owned considerable land. 
From that State he returned to Howard County, 
Ind.. where he died. Richard Cates came to 
Illinois in 1Sfi2. locating tirst at Fairview, Ful- 
ton County. III., and at Prairie City in 1S«8. 
He soon afterward engaged in the stock busi- 



ness, which he has since followed continuously 
for thirty-five years, buying and shipping cat- 
tle. He has also dealt considerably in real 
estate. 

The subject of this sketch was united in mar- 
riage, April 5, 1857, with Amanda E. Smith, 
who was born in Ohio, .March 9, 1841. Four 
children resulted from this union, namely: 
Alice, Josephine, Jesse and Charles Melville. 
The mother passed away in 1902. In political 
matters Mr. Cates gives his support to the 
Democratic party. In 1894 he was elected 
Township .\ssessor. Throughout his long res- 
idence in this vicinity, Mr. Cates has enjoyed 
the reputation of being a man of honorable 
character, and the many with whom he has had 
business relations are accustomed to speak of 
him with unvarying respect. 

CHAMPION, Thomas M., long and successfully 
engaged in agricultural pursuits in Emmet 
Township, McDonough County, 111., and now on 
the verge of retirement from active lalx)r, was 
born in Washington County, Ky., April 4, 1836. 
He is a son of Edward and Joanna (Mitchell) 
Champion, who were born in Washington 
County. Ky. His paternal grandparents, 
Thomas and Martha (Cannon) Champion, were 
natives of Virginia. The maternal grand- 
father. Daniel Mitchell, was born in South Car- 
olina, and his grandmother, Jane (Berry) 
Mitchell, was a native of Kentucky. Thomas 
M. Champion is the eldest of six children, and 
was born on the home farm, where he lived 
with his parents until he was twenty-one 
years old, attending the common school in his 
boyhood. On October 16, 1S56. he came to 
Emmet Township, and worked for six years, 
with his uncles, Mankin and Jacob Champion. 
His uncle Mankin died, and when the estate 
was settled the subject of this sketch bought 
the interests of some of the heirs, amounting 
to 160 acres, which constitute a part of his pres- 
ent farm. It was mostly timber land and used 
for pasture. Mr. Champion has cleared and 
now cultivates about thirty acres of this tract. 
He has added to the original place until he now 
owns 460 acres, nearly all of which is tillable 
land. He keeps fifty head of cattle, and also 
raises horses and hogs, but is making arrange- 
ments to sell out and retire from active work. 
He has been a very careful and diligent farmer 
and has met with merited success. 



844 



HISTORY OF Mcdonough county. 



On January 13, 1874, Mr. Champion was 
married to Sadie Sticlile, who was born in 
Emmet Township in 1852 and pursued a course 
of stud.v in the University at Normal, 111. 
Three children have blessed this union, namely: 
George E.; Eleanor, a music teacher, of 
Blandinsville, 111.; and Mattie Thomas (Mrs. 
Charles Griffith). Mrs. Champion left school 
in 1874 but she had taught five years pre- 
viously, in Hire, Chalmers and Emmet Town- 
ships. Her parents, George and Julia (George) 
Stickle, were born in Pennsylvania. Her 
grandparents, Abram and Susanna (Bentley) 
Stickle, and William and Martha (Burnett) 
George, were also born in that State. Her 
great-grandmother, Holipeter, was a native of 
Germany. Politically, Mr. Champion is an aa- 
herent of the Republican party, and served one 
term as Collector in Emmet Township. 

CHANDLER, (Col.) Charles (deceased).— 
Among the names of pioneers by whom citi- 
zens of a former generation were wont to con- 
jure, and to which its citizens of the present 
g'eneration look with veneration akin to that 
of the devotee toward his patron saint, is the 
one whose name stands at the head of this 
sketch. Charles Chandler was born in Alstead, 
Cheshire County, N. H., August 28, 1809. On 
both sides of the family, he was descended from 
most prominent and worthy ancestors. His 
father, James Chandler, a farmer by occupa- 
tion, was a native of New Hampshire, where 
he was born in 1771, and nis mother, Abigail 
(Vilas) Chandler, was born in Massachusetts, 
in 1775. The former died November 18, 1857, 
and the latter passed away November 29, 1854. 
The subject of this sketch worked for his 
father on the farm until he reached the age of 
nineteen years. At that period he obtained the 
parental consent to go to Boston, where he se- 
cured employment in a mercantile concern. 
In 1831 he came west to Cincinnati, and, in 
1834, arrived in Macomb, 111., the field of his 
future endeavors. Here he was employed as 
clerk in a store of which his brother, Thomp- 
son, who had preceded him, was part proprietor. 
For two years he remained with this concern, 
and then established himself in business on his 
own account, which he conducted three years. 
This brought him to a period when the devel- 
opment of farming lands and the enhancement 
of realty values constituted an inducement to 



enter the real-estate business. This he under- 
took and met with fair success. He then 
branched out into extensive land transactions, 
and bought and sold large tracts in various 
uirections. In a few years he became the 
owner of vast acres, which tne extension of 
different railroads lines made quite valuable. 

In 1858 Mr. Chandler engaged in the banking 
business and continued thus until the time of 
his death, December 26, 1878. When he estab- 
lished his bank in Macomb failures of banks 
and business houses were of almost daily occur- 
rence throughout the country, yet the people of 
McDonough County reposed in Colonel Chan- 
dler implicit confidence. The general stringency 
prevailed until 18til, when the money market 
was drained of silver and gold, and no change 
was available for the settlement of local busi- 
ness accounts. In this emergency Mr. Chandler 
issued scrip to the amount of several thousand 
dollars, in denominations of five, ten and 
twenty-five cents, to meet the demand for 
small currency. Specimens of this opportune 
and useful medium are doubtless scattered 
throughout the country, which have been care- 
fully preserved as souvenirs of those days. Mr. 
Chandler conducted a private banking business 
until 1865, when the First National Bank of 
Macomb was organized, of which he became 
the President, establishing it on a solid founda- 
tion. He aided also, in 1865. in forming a pri- 
vate banking institution at Bushnell, which 
subsequently developed into the Farmers' Na- 
tional Bank. In this he was a stockholder and 
director until his death. Mr. Chandler took a 
deep and active interest in whatever pertained 
to the public welfare. At the time of the Civil 
War he was past middle age and his health, 
which had been for years somewhat frail, pre- 
vented him from entering service in the field. 
He was, however, so zealous in arousing others 
to action that Governor Yates, the "War Gov- 
ernor" of Illinois, commissioned him Colonel of 
State Militia, with authority to recruit a regi- 
ment of home guards. 

Colonel Chandler richly deserves a niche of 
honor among the representative men of Illi- 
nois. Although he exercised a dominating in- 
fluence in the conduct of extensive financial 
transactions, in which he attained signal suc- 
cess, his kindly instincts were never smothered 
by the acquirement of wealth, and he remained 
to the last an affable and courteous gentleman. 



HISTORY OF Mcdonough couxty. 



845 



coni|)anionable with all who were worthy of 
his acquaintance. He listened readily and with 
quick response to every appeal in behalf of a 
deserving cause, although he avoided indiscrim- 
inate charity. His benevolent nature would 
not permit hini to refuse succor in cases of in- 
dividual distress. He made the "Golden Rule" 
the criterion of his course in life. His personal 
honor was ab.solutely without a blemish, and 
not a whisper was ever heard in question of 
his business integrity. 

In physical mold. Colonel Chandler was five 
feet, six inches in height, and weighed 160 
pounds. He was smooth-faced, spotlessly neat 
in attire and alert in carriage. The impairment 
of his heath in later years compelled him to 
seek much recreation in travel. He was ac- 
customed to spend the winter seasons in the 
Southern States, and in touring South America, 
Central .\nierica. the West Indies. California 
and Me.xico. While .going thus from place to 
place, he maintained a keen observance of con- 
ditions and opportunities, and made occasional 
business ventures which added profit to 
pleasure. 

On December 15. 1836, CJolonel Chandler was 
united in marriage with Sarah K. Cheatham, of 
Muconib. who was liorn October 19. IS!!), the 
daughter of Samuel G. and Martha Cheatham, 
natives of Kentucky. She died September 29, 
is.5.5. and her loss was keenly felt throughout a 
wide acquaintance, as that of a most estimable 
woman, a dutiful wife and fond mother. Seven 
children blessed the union of this worthy and 
honored husband and wife, four of whom 
passed away in infancy or childhood. Those 
surviving are Martha .\bigail, widow of Henry 
C. Twyman, of .Macomb; Charles Vilasco, Presi- 
dent of the Bank of Macomb, and .lames Edgar, 
of St. I^uis, Mo. .\fter the death of his wife 
the heart of the father seemed to go out with 
still more ardent affection toward the bereaved 
children and their offspring, in whose compan- 
ionship he found great solace and comfort, and 
whose idol he was to the last. 

On political issues Mr. Chandler was first 
a Whig and afterward a Republican. He 
neither sought nor desired political prefer- 
ment, however, as his mind was fully occupied 
with matters of weightier importance. In ac- 
cepting certain local offices at various times, 
he simply yielded to the pressure of public 
opinion. He was Coroner for two years: School 



Commissioner, four years; Justice of the Peace, 
several terms; member of the City Council, 
and Mayor one term. In estimating the charac- 
ter and significance of a career like that of 
Colonel Chandler, words of mere encomium 
seem quite superfluous. His life speaks for 
itself. Its impulses, thoughts, and actions are 
indelibly impressed on the material, moral, edu- 
cational and social life of the community. As, 
in days of antiquity Is was said in relation to 
an eminent Roman who excelled in virtuous 
and beneficent deeds, so may it be said in 
Macomb, by way of tribute to the character of 
the lamented Charles Chandler: "If you seek 
his monument, look around you. ' 

CHANDLER, Charles V.— One of the most con- 
spicuous figures in the activities of this and the 
lireceding generation in McDonough County is 
represented in the name wnich constitutes the 
caption of this biographical sketch. It is a 
familiar name in this section of the State of 
Illinois, and will pass into futurity in the annals 
of the city of Macomb, as that of her most cher- 
ished son. Charles V. Chandler was born in 
Macomb, Mcttonough County, III., ,Ianuary 25, 
1843. His father. Col. Charles Chandler, who 
died December 26, 1878, was a prominent 
banker of Macomb and a sagacious financier. 
(A memoir of Colonel Chandler will be found 
in the preceding sketch.) The primary educa- 
tion of the subject of this sketch was received 
in his native city. Subsequently he attended 
school at Danbury, Conn., and still later be- 
came a pupil in the Lake Forest (111.) Academy. 
When he was on the point of entering Williams 
College in order to complete his education, he 
found himself no longer able to ignore his 
country's call for defenders, and in 1S62 re- 
turned to Macomb and enlisted in Company I. 
Seventy-eighth Regiment Illinois Vonunteer In- 
fantry, in which he served as a private for nine 
months. He was then promoted to be Second 
Lieutenant. At the battle of Chickamauga, 
September 20. 1S63, he was severely wounded, 
a rifle ball passing through both thighs. A few 
months afterward another ball penetrated one 
one of his thighs. He was the last member of 
his company who received a wound. He had 
just grasped a small hickory tree for supiiort 
and had remarked to the First Lieutentant, "I 
guess we are through all right," when the ball 
struck him. Pressing his hand on the wound. 



846 



HISTORY OF Mcdonough county. 



he uttered the words, "I guess Tve got another 
guess coming." Mr. Chandler afterward cut 
down the hickory tree and now has a cane 
which was made from it. He returned to 
Macomb on a furlough and nursed his wounds 
until March 1, 1864, when he went back to the 
regiment and was pleased to learn that he had 
been promoted to the adjutancy, his com- 
mission dating from the day of his wound. 
Finding himself incapacitated for service, how- 
ever, by reason of his injuries, he resigned his 
commission, returned home and became teller 
in the private banking house of his father, 
which was afterwards changed to the First Na- 
tional Bank. In this capacity he served until 
his father's death, when he became President 
of the bank, and has continued thus since 
1879. He was one of the incorporators of the 
first pottery works in Macomb. He is an ex- 
tensive property owner in the city, being the 
builder and owner of the Opera House Block, 
which is known as Chandler's Block, the 
Chandler Hotel, the Post-office Building, and 
other business blocks, as well as residence and 
farm properties. For the past three years, he 
has been Treasurer of the Western Illinois 
Normal School, located at Macomb. He is the 
projector and promoter of the Macomb & West- 
em Illinois Railroad, of which his son is Sec- 
retary and Treasurer. 

On August 2S, 1866, Mr. Chandler was mar- 
ried to Clara A. Baker, of Macomb, a daughter 
of the late Judge J. H. Baker, whose bio- 
graphical record appears elsewhere in this 
volume. Six children have resulted from this 
union, namely: Charles .1., who died in in- 
fancy; Clara, the wife of Frank H. Mapes, 
Assistant Cashier of the Bank: Mary; Ralph, 
Cashier of the Macomb Bank; George, Assist- 
ant Cashier of the Macomb Bank, who married 
Alice Chandler, a daughter of C. G. Chandler, 
and Isabella, who is a pupil in Wellesley Col- 
lege, Mass. In politics, Mr. Chandler is an 
earnest Republican. In 1SS7 he was appointed 
City Treasurer, and held that office several 
years. He was appointed by Gov. John R. Tan- 
ner a member of the Board of Directors of the 
Soldiers' and Sailors' Home, at Quincy, 111., and 
by that body was elected its President. He was 
elected to the State Legislature in 1900, and 
served one term, being a member of the Com- 
mittee on Banks and Banking, Ways and 
Means, and Appropriations. Fraternally, he is a 



Royal Arch Mason, belonging to Macomb Lodge, 
No. 17; Morse Chapter, No. 19; and Macomb 
Commandery, No. 61. He is also a member of 
the K. of P., I. O. O. F. No. 145, and A. O. U. 
W., and of .McDonough Lodge No. 103, G. A. R., 
of which he was Commander many years. 

Among the beneficent deeds for which the 
subject of this sketch will long be remembered 
is his conation to Macomb of its beautiful City 
Park. But there is one act above all others 
which will stand as a source of perpetual honor 
to his name in the community on which his 
splendid gallantry on tne field of battle shed 
unwonted luster. As a fitting and appropri- 
ate termination of this narrative it seems 
proper to recount the particulars of the event 
commemorating this act. With a lofty pur- 
Iiose Mr. Chandler laid aside the pension which 
the Government awarded him on account of 
wounds received in defense of the Union. The 
purpose thus nobly entertained was to erect a 
monument to the memory of the McDonough 
County soldiers who gave their lives for their 
country. That monument now stands as an en- 
during testimonial to the heroism of these 
worthy dead. A portraiture of the commem- 
orating shaft, together with portraits of Lieu- 
tenant Charles V. Chandler, appears on other 
pages of this volume. The pension above men- 
tioned represents an accumulation of fifteen 
years, with interest, together with an additional 
amount which had been saved from other 
sources of income for twenty years, in further- 
ance of this patriotic resolve. Until 1S98 (at a 
meeting of the Grand Army Post) the intention 
of Mr. Chandler in this regard was never dis- 
closed. The monument is from an original de- 
sign by O. D. Doland, since deceased, who was 
the proprietor of the Macomb Marble Works. 
It rests on a foundation seventeen feet square, 
of the best limestone, with a base of seven feet 
square and a second base of five feet square, 
the shaft rising twenty-two feet above the 
level of the ground. The memorial, which cost 
about $4,000, was dedicated August 3, 1899, with 
a parade composed of 274 veterans of the war, 
various military organizations and civic soci- 
eties, bands of music, and a host of deeply In- 
terested citizens of Macomb. In fitting phrase, 
Lieutenant Charles V. Chandler presented the 
monument to the city of Macomb. After an 
invocation by Rev. Mr. Bratton. of Macomb, 
introductory remarks by Judge W. J. Franklin, 





W.;^^^^^ i^^^^^r^ 



C--t..'t,,t^c 



<rc£^ 



HISTORY OF Mcdonough county. 



847 



Commander of the local Grand Army Post, and 
vocal and instrumental music by the Macomb 
Uand and others, the shaft was unveiled by 
George Chandler Mapes. grandson of the donor. 
Maj. R. \V. McClaughry then delivered the 
dedicatory address. Chairman Berry, of the 
Board of Supervisors, and Mayor Switzer. of 
Macomb, accepted the monument on behalf of 
the old soldiers and citizens of Macomb, and 
Comrade Wesley Clowes, of St. Mary's. 111., 
read a poem in eulogy of the veterans. This 
was followed uy appropriate music by the band, 
and the benediction was pronounced by Rev. J. 
H. Morgan. Thus transpired an event which 
constituted one of the most imposing and sig- 
nificant ceremonials ever witnessed in Macomb. 
On the day of the dedication Lieutenant Chand- 
ler was surprised by a gift from the old sol- 
diers, consisting of a solid gold Grand Array 
Badge. 

CHEEK, Isaac H., who is engaged in farming 
in Bushnell Township, McDonough County, 
111., was born in Havana, 111., on August 30, 
185G, a son of Silas and Nancy (Ingraham) 
Cheek, natives of Kentucky. Mr. Cheek re- 
ceived his early education in Canton, III., and 
came to McDonough County in March. 1886. 
On .lanuary 31, 1884, he was married to Amanda 
J. Myers, who was born in Farmington, 111. 
Five children have resulted from this union, 
namely: Herbert W., Bruce E., Ralph H., N. 
Jay and Silas Allen. Religiously. Mr. Cheek 
is a Baptist, and politically, he gives his sup- 
port to the Republican party. His fraternal 
affiliation is with the K. of P. and the M. W. A. 

CHURCHILL, Cadwallader Slaughter, an early 
citizen and. for a time, one of the most promi- 
nent merchants in Macomb, was born on the 
old Miller farm, called the "Churchill Farm," 
five miles north of Macomb, April 25, 1834. 
His parents. Richard Henry and Sarah M. 
(Brown) Churchill, were natives of Kentucky. 
Richard H. Churchill, who was engaged in the 
dry-goods business, died when his son, Cad- 
wallader S., was three years old, and his widow 
returned to Kentucky, with her family, where 
they remained on a farm near Hodginsville. 
until the subject of this sketch had nearly 
reached maturity, when he went to Pittsfield, 
111., where he spent two years. In early boy- 
hood his mother had given him his mental in- 



struction, but afterwards he earned his school- 
ing. He attended the school in Pittsfield for 
two years, and then returned to Kentucky, 
where he taught in a seminary at Hodginsville. 
He had become a good Latin scholar, and after- 
wards assisted Professor Hewett in this branch, 
in his institution at Elizabethtown, Ky., mean- 
while pursuing his studies at night. During 
his early life, he was always inclined towards 
literary pursuits. After finishing his studies 
and teaching for a time, he came to Macomb, 
and entered the employ of Iverson L. Twyman 
in the real-estate business. Subsequently, he 
was employed as a clerk in George M. Wells' 
dry-goods store, and, still later, entered into 
partnership with .losiah Burton in the dry- 
goods business. Disposing of his interest in 
this, he went into the lumber tiade in company 
with Henry C. Twyman. His interest in this 
concern he later sold and spent the period of 
the "gold fever" in the West. 

On April 3, 1860, in Macomb, Mr. Churchill 
was united in marriage with Mary Evelyn Twy- 
man, a daughter of one of the most prominent 
citizens of Macomb. Mr. Twyman was ex- 
tensively engaged in the dry-goods business, 
and in real-estate transactions. He held several 
county offices and also served as Postmaster 
two terms. To Mr. and Mrs. Churchill were 
born three children, namely: Nancy Willis 
(Mrs. Scott), deceased; Alfred Brown; and 
Iverson Louis. Politically, Mr. Churchill was 
a Democrat, and for twelve years he held the 
office of Clerk of the Circuit Court. Reli- 
giously, he was a member of the Christian 
Church, and fraternally, was affiliated with the 
A. F. & A. M. He was a man of strict recti- 
tude of character, of cheerful, kindly disposi- 
tion, and was universally esteemed. 

CLARK, William Harvey. — Among the well- 
known farmers of McDonough County, 111., 
whose birthplaces were the farms which they 
now severally cultivate, is the subject of this 
sketch. He was born in Scotland Township, 
McDonough County, October 10, 1866, a son of 
James and Margaret Ann (Watson) Clark, na- 
tives of the State of "Virginia. His grandfathers, 
John Clark and James Watson, were 
of Scotch nativity. James Clark came to Illi- 
nois in 1834 with his parents, who located in 
Cass County. A year later he entered land in 
McDonough County, when he moved to Scot- 



848 



HISTORY OF Mcdonough county. 



land Township. The father bought eighty acres 
of land in Section 2S, and added to this until, 
at the time of his death in 1903, he owned 230 
acres of farming land in one tract, and seventy 
acres of timber land. 

William H. Clark is one of a family of three 
children born to his parents, the others being 
girls. In boyhood he received a district school 
education in the vicinity of his home and as- 
sisted in the work of the farm. On this farm 
he grew to manhood and has remained ever 
since. His portion of the estate, after his 
father's death, was 100 acres, and this he de- 
votes to general farming, and the raising of 
horses, hogs and cattle. Mr. Clark was united 
in marriage. March 15, 1894, with Elizabeth 
McMillan, who was born in Scotland Town- 
ship, where she attended the public school. 
One child. May Ellen, has resulted from this 
union, born May 20, 1S95. In religious belief. 
Mr. Clark is a Presbyterian, politically, he 
casts his lot with the Republican party, and 
in his fraternal relations, belongs to the Mystic 
Workers. 

CLARKE, Davis H., a prosperous farmer and 
stock-raiser of Emmet Township, McDonough 
County, 111., and who is the owner of the home- 
stead farm oought by his grandfather from a 
soldier of the Revolutionary War, was born in 
Emmet Township, October 19, 1854. He is a 
son of Samuel and Nancy A. (Hardin) Clarke, — 
who was born in Washington County, Ky., — and 
a grandson ot .lames and Mary (Lewis) Clarke, 
the former being a native of Lincoln County, 
Ky., and the latter, of the State of Virginia. 
Davis and Eliza (Webster) Hardin, the ma- 
ternal grandparents, were born in Virginia and 
the District of Columbia, respectively. The 
great-grandfather, John Clarke, who was a sol- 
dier in the War of the Revolution, married a 
lady whose maiden name was Ann Whitten. 
The maternal great-grandfather, Harry Hardin, 
was a native of Virginia. 

Grandfather James Clarke came to Mc- 
Donough County in the spring of 1S30, and for 
several years held official positions which 
brought him prominently before the people. In 
Washington County, Ky., he had learned the 
trade of a hatter, which he followed a number 
of years. He bought land in Emmet and Scl- 
ota Townships, living in the former, where he 
built what was called at that time the finest 



log house in the county. He afterwards moved 
to Macomb, where he lived the rest of his life. 
He sold the Emmet Township property to Sam- 
uel Clarke, who lived there until he died in 
1862. 

Davis H. Clarke, who is the eldest of a family 
of four children, was a mere child when his 
father died, and after that event, he remained 
with his mother until he was twenty years old, 
living five years of the time on another farm 
in Emmet Township. In his twenty-first year 
he came to the homestead farm, where he had 
an interest and has since bought out the other 
heirs. On the original homestead, first owned 
by a veteran of the Revolutionary War, he has 
one of the finest country residences in Mc- 
Donough County, containing all city conveni- 
ences. On December 16, 1875, Mr. Clarke was 
married to Melinda Russell, who was born in 
Emmet Township, where she pursued her 
youthful studies in the district school. Two 
children are the offspring of this union, namely: 
Myrtle, who is the wife of M. M. Burkhart, a 
farmer of Sciota Township, and James W. 

In religious faith, Mr. Clarke is identified 
with the Baptist denomination. In political 
matters, he takes an independent course. Fra- 
ternally, he is connected with the I. O. O. P. 
He is one of the most substantial and progres- v 
sive farmers in his vicinity, and is a man ot 
much stability of character. 

CLEVELAND, Charles, D. D. S., who is suc- 
cessfully engaged in the practice of dentistry in 
Bushnell, McDonough County, 111., was born in 
Ripley, Brown County, 111., September 15, 1S68, 
a son ot William and Eliza (Woolsey) Cleve- 
land. His father was bom in Indiana, and his 
mother in Ohio. Dr. Cleveland came to Mc- 
Donough County with his parents at a very 
early age. After his school days were over he 
pursued a course of professional study in the 
Western Dental College, at Kansas City, Mo., 
from which he was graduated in dentistry in 
1898. Shortly afterward he opened an office in 
Louisiana, Mo., where he practiced his profes- 
sion for two years. Subsequently, he was en- 
gaged in practice at Roodhouse, 111., for a 
period of five years. In July, 1904, he pur- 
chased the business of Dr. Morrow, in Bush- 
nell, and has since continued in dental practice 
there. He is well informed on general sub- 
jects, and is thoroughly equipped in a pro- 



HISTORY OI- McDOXOL'C.H COUXTY. 



849 



fessional sense. His patronage has steadily in- 
creased and his careful and conscientious work 
has secured for him an excellent reputation. 

On December 2U. 1S98, Dr. Cleveland was 
married to Grace Pearson, who was born and 
received her education in Bushnell. One child. 
Charles Pearson, has resulted from their union. 
The fraternal affiliation of Dr. Cleveland is 
with the Jlodern Woodmen of Amercia. 

CLINE, Andrew J. (deceased), who was suc- 
cessfully engaged in farming on Section 2.S, 
Macomb Township, McDonough County, III., 
was born in Fleming County, Ky., September 
14. 1S31, the son of William and Martha (Ful- 
ton) Cline, natives of Kentucky. His paternal 
grandfather was ,Iohn Cline and his grandfather 
on the maternal side was Isaac Fulton. An- 
drew ,1. Cline was the second born of five chil- 
dren, composing his parents' family, and was 
reared on the home farm, attending the com- 
mon school in his boyhood. At the age of nine- 
teen years, he came to McDonough County with 
his mother and the rest of the family, his father 
having died Juno 7. 1S47. His mother bought 
140 acres of land in Section 2S. Macomb Town- 
ship, and later twenty acres more, with other 
additions until there were 290 acres, and the 
son assisted heff \intil her death. >fovember 18, 
1S64. He owned the home farm from 1S90, 
having bought out the other heirs. In 1902, he 
bought thirty-four and a half acres of land in 
Section 33, across the railroad southwest from 
the homestead, and now his estate comprises 
314 acres of land. Politically, Mr. Cline was a 
Democrat but never aspired to any office. He 
was a man of upright character, and enjoyed 
the respect of all who knew him. Mrs. Malinda 
Albee. a niece of Mr. Cline, kept house for him, 
and J. K. Albee. his nephew, assisted him in the 
management of the farm for several years. Mr. 
Cline, after a short illness, died of pneumonia 
November 15, 1906, thereby decreasing the 
ranks of the early pioneers. 

Only two children of Mr. Cline's family now 
survive — Thomas F. Cline. of Twin Falls. Idaho, 
and Mrs. Martha Patterson, of Macomb Town- 
ship. Elizabeth F. Cline died August 10. 1SS7. 
and Isaac F. Cline. December 10. 1S89. 

CLINGAN, Robert T., who is successfully en- 
gaged in farming in Scotland Township, Mc- 
Donough County, 111., was born in Woodsfield. 



Ohio, April 25. 1SS3. the son of George B. and 
Catherine (Sabin-Amos) Clin.gan. His father 
was born in Woodsfield. Ohio, and his mother, 
in Lebanon, N. Y. On the paternal side, his 
grandfather. Robert Clingan. was a native of 
Belmont County. Ohio, and his grandmother, 
Klizabeth (Van Honi) Clingan, of Philadelphia. 
Pa.. — the Van Horn branch of the family be- 
ing descended from Hollanders. His great- 
grandfather. John Clingan. was also a native of 
Holland, and his great-grandmother. Mary E. 
(Armstrong) Clingan, was a native of Ireland. 
On the maternal side, Robert T. Clingan's 
grandparents, Chester and Caroline (Thayer) 
Sabin. were natives of Lebanon. X. Y. The 
maternal great-grandparents. Nathaniel and 
Margaret (Rhinedollar) Sabin. were natives of 
Philadelphia. 

Elizabeth (Van Horn) Clingan came from 
Pennsylvania to Ohio when she was seventeen 
years old. Her union with Robert T. Clingan's 
grandfather resulted in six children, of whom 
George R. Clingan was the eldest, the others 
being girls. At the age of twenty-one years, 
George H. be,gan to work for himself, being em- 
ployed on a rami and in a grist mill. In 18,S6. 
he came to Macomb and bought a farm of 156 
acres in Scotland Township and there the son. 
and subject of this sketch. Robert T., received 
a common school education. 

George R. Clingan has been twice married. In 
1S67, he wedded Catherine Sabin. by whom he 
had one child. Elizabeth Jane, wife of Augustine 
Decker, a druggist of Macomb. The mother 
died July 29. 1873. He subsequently married 
Catherine (Sabin) Amos, and one child. Robert 
T.. resulted from their union. George B. is now 
retired from active life. Fraternally, he is 
affiliated with the I. O. O. F. and the K. of P. 

Robert T. Clingan is a member of Troop H. 
First Regiment Illinois Cavalry, First Brigade, 
in which he has been First Sergeant for two 
years. The troop, or.ganized in 1900. is com- 
manded by Capt. Frank M. Russell, and the 
re.ginient. by Col. W. C. Young, who was Colonel 
of the First Regiment Illinois Cavalry during 
the Spanish-American War. Politically, Robert 
T. Clingan is a Republican, and his religious 
associations are with the Universalist Church. 
Fraternally, ne is affiliated with the I. O. O. F. 
In his early manhood Robert T. gives promise 
of a useful and successful career, and is looked 
upon as a worthy scion of worthy ancestors. 



850 



HISTORY OF Mcdonough county. 



CLUGSTON, John Byers.— Although the re- 
tirement from active lite of John Byers Chigs- 
ton took place as long ago as 1S70, his services 
as saddler, venireman, and groceryman are re- 
called as important to the communities in which 
he lived, and more especially to Macomb, with 
which he has been connected since 1S62. Mr. 
Clugston comes of a fine old Irish family, es- 
tablished in this country by his paternal grand- 
father, Robert Clugston, who was born in Bel- 
fast, Ireland, and to whom ambition spoke in 
no uncertain tones of the greater opportunities 
existing on the other side of the Atlantic. This 
courageous sire made settlement in Franklin 
County, Pa., and when the thirteen American 
Colonies revolted against tyrannical English 
rule and asserted their independence, he en- 
listed under the banner of Washington at the 
beginning of hostilities in 1775, and served un- 
til the surrender of the main British army at 
Yorktown in 17S1. Thomas Clugston, who was 
a farmer by occupation, died in his native State, 
and when John Byers was twelve years old he 
was brought by his mother to Trumbull County, 
Ohio, where they remained two years. At the 
age of fourteen John Byers learned the trade 
of saddlery, and from 1S52 until 1862 engaged 
as a journeyman saddler, traveling with his kit 
of tools through Tennessee and Kentucky. 
Upon leaving the road he located in Macomb 
and worked at his trade for Jerry Haskins, and 
a few years later went to Pittsburg, Pa., where 
he was employed by the Government on sad- 
dlery work for a year and a half. Returning 
to Macomb in 1865, he worked as a venireman 
for a couple of years, and in 1868 established 
a saddlery business from which he permanently 
retired in 1S70. The following year he en- 
gaged in the grocery business with Thomas 
Farley, and afthe end of a year bought out Mr. 
Parley and continiied the business alone for 
another year. Since then he has lived in a 
comfortable home at No. 421 South Lafayette 
Street. On January 8, 1851, Mr. Clugston mar- 
ried Alice T. Reed, a native of Pittsburg, Pa., 
and of the union five children have been born: 
Laura E.. wife of C. P. Mustain: Emma W., 
wife of Frank L. Watson: Charles R., Fannie, 
wife of Judge J. Ross Mickey, and Lilly Dell, 
who died at the age of two years. Mr. Clugston 
is popular with his associates, and he has an 
extensive and interesting fund of information 
concerning the early history of the town of 
which he is an honored and genial citizen. 



COFFMAN, Marion, who is successfully en- 
gaged in the clothing business in Blandinsville, 
McDonough County, 111., was born in Hancock 
County, 111., on January 10, 1849. His father, 
Alfred Coffman, was born in Kentucky, and 
his mother, Sarah (Pemberton) Coffman, in 
Missouri. When the subject of this sketch was 
one year old. his parents moved to Blandins- 
ville Township, McDonough County, where as 
he grew up he received suitable mental train- 
ing in the public schools ot his neighborhood, 
meanwhile assisting his father on the farm. 
After he left the farm the first occupation of 
Mr. Coffman was that of clerking for M. A. 
Terry, by whom he was employed in 1875. He 
was next engaged in the grocery line until 1880. 
Subsequently he went into the dry-goods busi- 
ness as a member of the firm of McCord & Coff- 
man. which he continued for fifteen years, and 
after its dissolution, he conducted the concern 
alone for ten years longer. For a short period 
he was also associated with Matt Huston in the 
real-estate line. The business qualifications of 
Mr. Coffman are of a superior order, and his 
energy and close application are manifest in 
the successful results attending his efforts. 
The residence which he now occupies he built 
in 1900. 

On November 15, 1876, Mr. Coffman was 
united in marriage with Maria Taylor, a native 
of Indiana. Four children have resulted from 
this union, namely: Mamie (Mrs. Grigsby), 
Roy, and Lucille and Luella (twins). Politi- 
cally, Mr. Coffman is a Democrat. He has 
served as Town Clerk and Township Collector, 
and for five years following 1892 he filled the 
office of Township Supervisor. Fraternally, Mr. 
Coffman is affiliated with the Masonic Order 
and the Mystic Workers. 

COLE, Emory 0. — Recognition of the fact that 
the tillage of the soil is the natural and most 
desirable occupation to which man is heir, and 
to which every other is subsidiary and all else 
in the end must yield, is increasingly manifest 
in all classes of human society, and is sup- 
ported largely by the thought and effort of men 
foremost in the councils ot the nation, and by 
that most impoi'tant factor of all, the wide- 
awake, thoughtful and resourceful agriculturist 
himself. Of those who incorporate science and 
invention into their labor as upbuilders of pros- 
perous communities, none are more favorably 
known in McDonough County than Emory O. 





/^^d^Z-^/V^T^ 



HISTORY OF Mcdonough county. 



851 



Cole, who, after varied business and political 
experiences in other parts of the country, set- 
tled on his present farm of five hundred acres in 
the fall of 18.s:j. Born in Streetshoro. Portage 
County, Ohio, June 4, 1833, Mv. Cole is a son of 
N. W. and Samantha (Osgood) Cole, natives of 
Connecticut and New Yorl\, respectively, the 
former of whom started upon his independent 
career as a singing master in New York State. 
Ambitious, after his marriage, of improving his 
prospects, the elder Cole located at an early 
day in the vicinity of Streetsboro. Portage 
County, Ohio, and in 1S4G moved to East Troy, 
Wis., near where he purcnased land and en- 
gaged in farming until the death of his wife in 
1851. Thereafter the family was divided, the 
father and his son, Emory O., remaining on the 
old place until the former enlisted in the Civil 
War in a Wisconsin regiment. It was his fate 
to die amid the shot and shell of battle, and to 
fill a hero's grave in the little cemetery at East 
Troy, Wis. Of his three sons and two 
daughters, four are still living: Emory O.; Wil- 
son M., general agent for the Rochester Nursery 
Company at Salt Lake City, Utah: J. E., a 
resident of Colorado Springs, Col.; Elhira R., a 
resident of Spokane Falls. Idaho. 

Emory O. Cole was thirteen years old when 
he moved with the rest of the family to Wiscon- 
sin, and he there began his independent career 
as operator of a threshing machine, which line 
of work he continued about fourteen years in 
connection with general farming. He next en- 
gaged in teaming from East Troy to .Milwaukee, 
before the era of railroads, and for a time was 
•in the grocery business on a small scale. On 
October 8, 1860. he united in marriage to Sarah 
A. Dickerman. who was born in New York, Jan- 
uary 11, 1833, a daughter of Henry and Cath- 
erine (Stafford) Dickerman, natives of Ver- 
mont and Connecticut, respectively, the former 
born October 7, 1799, and the latter. May 8, 
1793. The parents were married in February, 
181fi. in Rockdale. Chenango County, N. Y^., 
where -Mr. Dickerman engaged in the lumber 
business for some years, about 1837 removing to 
Michigan, two years later to Naperville, 111., 
and still later taking up his residence near 
Chica.go, III. Mr. and Mrs. Cole located in Bur- 
lington. Wis., where the former operated a 
grocery store and subsequently engaged in the 
manufacture of brick. In 1872. a few months 
after the great fire, he removed to Chicago 



and engaged in the livery and undertak- 
ing business, succeeding later to the position of 
City Oil Inspector, to which he was appointed 
by Mayor Monroe Heath. Two years later, upon 
the election of the Democratic Ma.vor, Carter 
Harrison, he engaged in the grocery business, 
and in 1SS3 traded his store for his present 
farm in McDonough County, the same having 
been formerly the property of the pioneer, 
Horace Head. Of late years Mr. Cole has prac- 
tically retired from active life, and his farm is 
operated by his son. George in., who makes a 
specialty of high grade cattle, horses and hogs. 

-Mr. Cole cast his first presidential vote for 
Abraham Lincoln, and ever since has stanchly 
supported the Republican party. His public 
si)irited, extended experience, good judgment 
and executive ability have made Mm an im- 
portant and useful local itolitical factor, and 
he has served six years as Township Treasurer, 
four years as a member of the Board of Super- 
visors, several years as Chairman of the County 
Central Committee, and also has been Secretary 
of the latter organization. Mr. Cole is Presi- 
dent of the Pioneer Club of McDonough 
County, and is also President of the Deland 
Tourist Club, of Deland. Fla. In this capacity 
he has annually taken his family to Florida for 
the past seven years. Fraternally, he is con- 
nected with the Richard Cole Lodge No. 697, of 
Chicago, and of which he is a Past Master. 

Mr. and Mrs. Cole are social as well as home- 
making factors in their township, and represent 
the best in its progressive life. Both represent 
families of marked musical tendencies. Mrs. 
Cole's father being a violinist of merit. She 
herself was a teacher of music in Wisconsin 
prior to her marriage, and is a graduate of the 
first Female College of Chicago, the educators 
thereof having come from the Emma Willard 
School, at Troy, N. Y.. now a branch of Vassar 
College. She still retains a vital and absorbing 
iYiterest in music, being an ardent admirer of 
Wagner and other great comi)osers. Five chil- 
dren have been born to Mr. and Mrs. Cole, two 
of whom died in infancy. Frederick E., the 
oldest son, born March 26. 1S65, married, in 
1905, Dorothy Ethel Peak, a stenographer, and at 
present is employed by the James H. Rice Paint 
Company, of Chicago; George, the twin of 
.Archie, is represented eleswhere in this work; 
and .Archie is a traveling salesman for the 
James H. Rice Paint C!ompany. of Chicago. 



852 



HISTORY OF Mcdonough county. 



COLE, George M., a promiuent and successful 
farmer of Emmet Township, McDonougli 
County, III., was born in Burlington, Wis., Au- 
gust 2, ]8f)8, a son of Emory O. and Sarah 
(Dickerman) Cole, the former a native of 
Streetsboro, Ohio, and the later, of Jefferson, 
111. In 1872 Emory O. Cole moved to Chicago, 
where he was engaged in the livery and under- 
taking business, and also kept a grocery. For 
two years he served as City Oil Inspector under 
Mayor Heath. In the fall of 1883 he spent a 
year in Macomb, and purchased a farm of 480 
acres in Emmet Township. He moved with his 
family to the farm in 1884, and conducted it 
until 1893. 

George M. Cole (pne of a pair of twins) is 
the second of the family of children born to 
his parents, three of whom are now living. In 
boyhood he received his education in the Chi- 
cago public schools, and assisted his father on 
the farm until 1891, when he married and took 
charge of its operation. His farm is conducted 
in a systematic manner, and with the best re- 
sults, and he is looked upon as a representative 
of the best agricultural element in McDonough 
County. 

On October 15, 1891, Mr. Cole was joined in 
matrimony with Mary E. Guy, who was born 
in Emmet Township, and attended the public 
and Macomb Normal schools. They have be- 
come the parents of three children, Florence 
M., A. Donald and Emory F. Religiously, the 
subject of this sketch is connected with the 
Methodist Episcopal Church. Politically, he is 
an earnest and active Republican, and for the 
past six years he has been prominent on 
campaign committees. He has served as Chair- 
man of the County Central Committee of his 
party. 

COLE, George W., of Bushnell, McDonough 
County, 111., who Is successfully engaged in the 
banking and grain trade, was born in that city 
March 25, 1870, the son of James Cole, whose 
bio,graphical record appears in this volume. In 
youth and early manhood Mr. Cole graduated 
from the high school with the class of 1887, and 
later took a two years' course in the Bushnell 
Normal School. He then located in Chicago and 
was employed for six years in the Illinois Trust 
and Savin.gs Bank and the American Trust and 
Savings Banli, after which he filled the posi- 
tion of cashier in a wholesale drug store. Relin- 



quishing this position in 1S97, he returned to 
Bushnell and became a Director in the First Na- 
tional Bank and entered into the grain business 
with his father. In 1903 he undertook the grain 
business at Bushnell alone, purchased the ele- 
vator at Adair and, in 1905, a half-interest in the 
firm of the Cole & McDonald, grain dealers at 
Walnut Grove, 111., and has since conducted 
their oiierations. In addition to this occupation 
he organized and successfully established the 
Chilian Remedy Company, which manufactured 
and placed upon the market a number of eye 
remedies. In 1905 he sold out his interest in 
this company, and now devotes his entire time 
to the management of Cole's Savings Bank (of 
which he is Vice-President ) and io the grain 
business. He is a careful and energetic busi- 
ness man. 

On April 11, 1892, Mr. Cole was united in mar- 
riage with Marie Louise Williams, a native of 
Chicago. Two children have been born of this 
union, namely: Beatrice Marie and Helen 
Bernice. Politically. Mr. Cole is a member of 
the Republican party, and fraternally is con- 
nected with the I. O. O. F., McDonough En- 
campment, M. W. A., and N. A. U. 

COLE, James. — The position of a reputable 
bank President warrants the conclusion that 
the incumbent is a man of character, purpose 
and integrity. Isolated cases which discredit 
his calling, and plunge the country into 
paroxysms of alarm, fail to disprove the as- 
sumption that every man who has in him the 
making of a successful banker possesses these 
strong and fundamental requisites. Banking is 
' not a business to attract the frivolous or im- 
patient. The centuries have added no frills 
to its methods, or softened, by a single shade, 
its somber and accuracy-comiielling require- 
ments. In some instances, mahogany counters 
and costly furnishings may relieve the eye, but 
they do not lift the austere obligation from 
the shoulders of those who hold in trust and 
manipulate the deposits of their fellowmen. 
Nine cases out of ten the bank President has 
been under observation in the community for 
many years, and through right living has 
gained unquestioned confidence — his most es- 
sential asset. No exception to this generality 
Is found in James Cole, former President of the 
First National Bank of Bushnell: a man to 
whom an introduction were superfluous, who 




Ij-^^y^^^c^ C-yn^y^ 



HISTORY OF McDOXOL'GH COL'XTY. 



853 



has lived in the town for half a century, hajs 
been a banker for twenty-three years, and who, 
in his rise from humble conditions, furnishes 
an inspiring example of the compelling power 
of high ideals, and the worth of homely, 
sterling virtues. The pressure of necessity, 
that greatest developing force of youth, tell 
heavily upon the childhood of .Tames Cole. For 
a short time only he knew the redeeming 
grace ot a mother's love, nor did a father's help 
and counsel accompany him to the threshold 
of his independent career. 

Born in Berkeley County. Va., August 20. 
1824, Mr. Cole is one ot the six children of 
William Cole, a blacksmith by trade and a 
native also ot Virginia. So meager were the 
family resources that, after the death of his 
mother, the boy James was taken in hand by 
the Overseer of the Poor, and bound out for a 
term of years to one Philip Stone, with whom 
he remained until his fifteenth year. During 
this time his educational opportunities were 
represented by three months' attendance at a 
school in .Middletown. Va. However, to the far- 
seeing and ambitious all things reasonable are 
possible, and the lad, who had wearied of his 
narrow, restraining environment, ran away to 
labor henceforth according to the dictates of 
his expanding nature. To the ambitious poor 
come always the most interesting experiences, 
and to the friendless and alone the rivers and 
ocean have ever sent out an alluring call. As 
a deck-hand on a steamer plying all the navi- 
gable rivers of the Middle West, the boy ot 
fifteen winters felt something of the freedom 
and joy of summer while performing his 
menial tasks, and after a time he was advanced 
to a position of cook, and later still to that of 
barkeeper. At the age of twenty-one he found 
that the river had nothing further to teach 
him, and,- as his most practical accomplishment 
at that time was cooking, he settled in St. 
Louis and engaged in operating a restaurant, 
hater he followed the same calling in Chicago 
for a couple of years, and still later had a 
restaurant in Quincy. 111., for nine years. 

Mr. Cole was thirty-one when he arrived in 
Bushnell in ISoo. As in all parts of the Cen- 
tral West at that time there was a crying need 
of men who could mold circumstances rather 
than be molded by them; who could go out to 
meet and turn to good account the opportuni- 
ties unfolded by the zeal and suffering of early 



settlers, his energies gravitated toward mer- 
chandising as the most feasible of occupations, 
and for thirty-one years his success was In- 
creasingly manifest in that direction. At the 
same time he engaged in a grain business, thus 
encouraging the raising of this product in the 
surrounding country. Economy and the ca- 
Ijacity for saving projected him into the ranks 
of capitalists, and in 1.SSS2 he established the 
bank of James Cole & Company, which, ten 
years later, became the First National Bank of 
Bushnell, the only national bank in the town. 
Of this bank Mr. Cole was elected President; 
Augustus Kaiser, First Vice-President; Mack 
M. Pinckly. Second Vice-President ; J. M. Gale, 
Cashier; and Charles E. Henry. Assistant 
Cashier. The concern has advanced to one of 
the strong and reliable monetary institutions 
of the State, and is recognized as an extremely 
conservative force in banking circles. Its re- 
port of May 29, 1905, showed a capital stock 
of $50,000; surplus and undivided profits, $13,- 
990.52. circulation. $5<l.000; and deposits, $321,- 
593.99. On .January 1. 190G, Mr. Cole resigned 
the presidency, thus severing his connection 
with the First National Bank, and with his 
son, George W. Cole, organized the Cole's Sav- 
ings Bank, of which he is now the President. 
This new institution is receiving the support 
of the community and of Mr. Cole's many staid 
and old financial friends, and is doing a very 
prosperous business. To his pronounced busi- 
ness qualifications Mr. Cole joins a predilection 
for public affairs, more especially those things 
which directly affect the good order of the 
community, and its advancement in education 
and citizenship. Through refusal to identify 
himself with any particular political party, he 
has been free to exercise judgment of a particu- 
larly liberal and far-sighted nature. Formerly 
a Wihg, his later symiJathies have been with 
the Republican pary, and he was warmly sup- 
liorted Theodore Roosevelt in the past, and will 
in the future, should opportunity permit. He 
has held pratically all of the offices within the 
gift of the people of Bushnell, including that 
of Chief Executive for three terms, and School 
Trustee and President for seven years. He 
early conceived a faith in the appreciation of 
Bushnell realty, and from time to time has 
made investments which attested his level- 
headed business judgment. Several substantial 
buildings have been erected by him, which have 



854 



HISTORY OF Mcdonough county. 



materially added to the appearance and re- 
sources 0£ the city. He is not unmindful of the 
value of social diversions, or of the moral up- 
lift derived from thirty years' association with 
the Independent Order of Odd Fellows, and 
more than twenty years with the Knights of 
Pythias. Since early manhood he has found 
a religious home in the Methodist Episcopal 
Church, and in addition to other church offices 
has held that of Trustee for many years. 

It would be a difficult undertaking to enu- 
merate the local undertakings which have di- 
rectly or indirectly owed their success to the 
support of Mr. Cole. He is a generous donator 
to worthy causes, and his generosity is tem- 
pered and guided by that unavoidable discre- 
tion which becomes a part of the man who 
has swung his bark to profitable moorings 
through an infinity of shoals, and after many 
grinding hardships. If the span of life is 
measured by ideas, by new sensations, by the 
ceaseless development of latent capacities, the 
life of this man is longer than that of the 
patriarchs who drew out centuries amid the 
monotony of the deserts in the dull round of 
pastoral pursuits. Measured by years, his 
moderation, maintenance of reserve force, con- 
stant exercise of faculties and serenity of mind, 
have brought him into the company of the 
borrowers of time, to four-score years and two; 
a man of bright eye, alert step, and sound and 
quiet judgment; a careful student of the facts 
and philosophies of human interest not taught 
in the schools, but wrought in persistent and 
thoughtful self-education. The straight-for- 
ward simplicity of the deck-hand is not lost 
in the captain of industry, and it is safe to 
say that no man whose name stands for the 
best in financiering in McDonough County has, 
to a greater extent, the qualities of unostenta- 
tion, approachableness, sympathy and courtesy 
which are the hall marks of true dignity and 
wdrth. 

On the first of .January, 1906, Mr. Cole ten- 
dered his resignation of his position in con- 
nection with the First National Bank of Bush- 
nell. thus severing his connection with that 
institution, and in conjunction with his son. 
George W. Cole, organized Coles Savings Bank, 
of which he is now the President. The new 



institution is receiving the support of the com- 
munity and Mr. Cole's friends and is developing 
a very prosperous business. 

COMER, Joseph, who was formerly success- 
fully engaged in agricultural pursuits in Eldo- 
rado lownship, McDonough County. 111., but 
is now living in comfortable retirement in 
Macomb, was born in the above-named town- 
ship August 23, 1839, and there attended pub- 
lic school. He IS a son of Robert and Nancy 
(Wilkinson) Comer, both natives of Ohio, the 
father having been born in the vicinity of Chil- 
licothe. Jesse Comer, the grandfather, was 
a native of North Carolina. But one of Robert 
Comer's brothers and two sisters came to Illi- 
nois. All are now deceased. Robert Comer 
and his wife had ten children, his son Joseph 
being the fifth in order of birth. He remained 
on the farm with his parents until he was 
thirt.v-two years old, when he married and 
moved onto a tract of seventy acres of land In 
the same township, which his father had given 
him for services rendered. To this farm he 
added until he was the owner of 316 acres in 
one farm, which is still his property. It is 
all fine farming land, free from incumbrance, 
and nearly all tiled. While living there Mr. 
Comer was engaged in general farming and 
stock-raising, and for twenty years fed from 
one to two carloads of cattle per year. In 
September, 1902, he moved to Macomb, where 
he had bought a residence. Here in ease 
and contentment, respected by all, he is en- 
joying the fruits of many years of toil. 

Mr. Comer was married October 31, 1S72, 
to Frances Craig, who was born and schooled 
in Industry Township. The children result- 
ing from this union are as follows: Gilbert R., 
Mary L.. Reta M., George W., Charles E. and 
Walter A. Politically, Mr. Comer is a Demo- 
crat. He was School Director of his township 
for fifteen years, and also served as Road Com- 
missioner. In religious belief, he is a Presby- 
terian, and fraternally, is affiliated with the 
Masonic Order. 

COMPTON, William Alexander.— Among the 
younger representative men of McDonough 
County, none stand higher in the estimation of 




x</^ ^ ^^^J^^^^^"^ 



HISTORY OF Mcdonough col'xtv 



855 



the people, or those who are intimately ac- 
quainted with him, than does he of whom we 
now write. William Alexander Compton was 
born in Scotland Township, McDonough Coun- 
ty, III., on the 5th day of March, 18G4, and 
is thfi second son of Henry and Sarah J. 
(Smith) Compton, the former a native of 
Ohio, the latter of Illinois. They were the 
parents of nine children, seven of whom are 
yet living, two sons and five daughters. Ed- 
ward and Arabel died in infancy. The pa- 
ternal great-grandfather of the subject of this 
sketch was born in Ireland about the year 
1750. and his wife, whose family name was 
Hill, was born in Germany about 1757. About 
1790 they emigrated to this country and set- 
tled in Hagerstown, Md., where their son, 
Henry Compton, was born soon afterward. 
The latter was a shoemaker and worked at 
his trade for a number of years. He emigrated 
from Maryland about the year 1820 and settled 
on a farm near Royalton, Fairfield County, 
Ohio, where his son Henry, the father of Wil- 
liam A. Compton, was born November 10, 1828. 
Mr. Compton's maternal great-grandfather, 
Thomas DeLappe, was the son of a French- 
man. He was born in Kentucky in 1771, lived 
to a great age. and died in 1S73 at his home 
near Burlington. Iowa. The maternal grand- 
father, David Smith, was born in Kentucky, 
February 11. 1807. He settled in Scotland 
Township. McDonough County, in 1838, where 
he resided until his death, which occurred 
April 2, 18G9. He followed broom manufactur- 
ing for a short time, but the latter part of his 
life was devoted exclusively to farming. The 
maternal grandmother. Henrietta (DeLappe) 
Smith, was born in North Carolina, February 
19. ISK). When she was six months of age 
her parents moved to the State of Tennessee, 
residing there until 1832, when they moved to 
Schuyler County, HI., where she was married 
to David Smith, on September 1st of that year. 
She was the mother of eighteen children, had 
twenty-three grandchildren and fifteen great- 
grandchildren. She moved to Newton. Iowa, 
In the spring of 1875, where she died July 21. 
1897. Both she and her husband are buried in 
Camp Creek Cemetery, in Scotland Township. 
Sarah J. (Smith) Compton, mother of William 
A. Compton, was born February 25, 1836, near 
Littleton. Schuyler County, 111., and was the 
•daughter of David and Henrietta Smith. She 



died in Macomb, III., October 5, 1898. In 1846 
Henry Compton and his wife, grandparents of 
the subject of this sketch, moved from Ohio to 
Illinois, and settled on a farm in Madison 
County, where they resided until death. In 
1852 their son Henry moved to Burlington, 
Iowa, where he was married to Sarah J, Smith, 
on the 2oth day of September of that year. 
They went to housekeeping in Burlington, re- 
maining there until the spring of 1856, when 
they removed to McDonough County, 111., set- 
tling on a farm near Industry, where they re- 
sided for two years, when they removed to Mus- 
catine. Iowa, where he purchased a farm and 
resided until the spring of 1861. At that time 
he sold his property, returned to McDonough 
County, and settled on a farm which he pur- 
chased in Scotland Township and where he re- 
sided until the spring of 1893, when he retired 
from agricultural pursuits and moved to Ma- 
comb, where he now resides.' 

William A. Compton, whose name heads this 
record, is a fair illustration of that type of 
men, more common in this country than else- 
where, who have come from the ranks of com- 
mon life, and who, by their own exertions and 
high character, have risen to positions of honor 
and financial prosperity that command the 
respect and esteem of the people. Reared to 
manhood upon his father's farm in Scotland 
Township, he acquired his education in the 
district schools and at the Macomb Normal 
College, from which institution he graduated 
June 5, 1885. He worked on the farm one 
year after graduating, then taught school for 
five terms, at the same time reading law, and 
was admitted to the bar November 21. 1888, 
at Springfield. 111. He was at the same time 
filling the position of Principal of the pub- 
lic schools of Bentley, Hancock County. With 
what means he had saved from teaching, he 
returned to Macomb at the close of the school 
year and, on the 20th day of March, 1889, 
opened up an office to engage in the practice 
of his chosen profession. He was ambitious, 
and, while he had po wealthy or influential 
friends to back him, he had the two more im- 
portant elements so essential in the make-up 
of every young man who succeeds, namely — a 
strong will and an invincible determination to 
do things. He did not wait for opportunities, 
but created them; and. while he encountered 
many obstacles, each one only spurred him on 



856 



HISTORY OF McDONOUGH COUNTY. 



to greater effort and renewed determination 
to conquer. Witli a keen foresight rarel.v pos- 
sessed by a young man of that age, he was not 
long in deciding that he could make more 
money in other lines than in the practice of 
law alone, so he turned his attention more 
directly to real estate, and that his judgment 
was right is attested by the fact that he at 
once acquired a large and lucrative business 
and is now one of the most successful business 
men in the county. 

On the 5th day of March, 1890, the twenty- 
sixth anniversary of his birth, Mr. Compton 
was united in marriage to Mary Pearl Shriner, 
the second daughter of Levi H. and Harriet 
(Collings) Shriner, then of Macomb Township, 
now of the city of Macomb. He has one son, 
William Alexander Compton, Jr., who was born 
November 2, 1894. Mr. Compton is a member 
of the Knights of Pythias, the Modern Wood- 
men 01 America and the Red Men. 

Mr. Compton is a thorough and consistent 
Democrat. Having been imbued with the 
principles of that party from early childhood, 
his faith in its teachings and his zeal in its 
service increased yearly. At home he is one 
of the foremost leaders in its councils and an 
aggressive champion in defense of its tradi- 
tions. He was First Assistant Clerk of the 
House of Representatives in 1891, being nomi- 
nated in the Democratic caucus by acclamation. 
He served as Chairman of the Democratic Cen- 
tral Committee of McDonough County for a 
number of years, and his ability as an organ- 
izer is recognized by men of all political par- 
ties. He is a politician, but a politician in the 
best sense of that much abused word. In the 
fall of 1S9C he was elected to the Legislature 
for the Twenty-eighth District, then composed 
of the counties of Hancock. McDonough and 
Schuyler, and was one of the most active and 
influential members of his party in the House. 
He spent the winter of 1900 in the city of 
New York, and while there became a member 
of Tammany Hall, the famous Democratic 
organization of that city. He has an extensive 
acquaintance throughout the State, and is a 
recognized leader in Western Illinois. On the 
26th of October, 1901, Mr. Compton, with 
others, organized the Macomb and Western Illi- 
nois Railway Company, for the purpose of 
building a line from Macomb to Industry and 
Littleton, and was one of the moving spirits 



in its construction. He was elected President 
and Director of the company, which position 
he still holds. After encountering great difh- 
culties the road was finally completed and the 
first regular train was run over it December 
23, 1903. Of great force of character, of strong 
likes and dislikes, he stands high in the com- 
munity in which he lives, and is ever ready to 
contribute of his time and means tow-ard the 
promotion of every enterprise that will add 
to the growth and prosperity of his town. 

CONNOR, William, who was formerly suc- 
cessfully engaged in farming in Blandinsville 
Township. McDonough County, where he still 
owns 400 acres of fine land, was born in that 
county on March 9, 1845. He is a son of Hugh 
and Mary (Melvin) Connor, natives of the 
State of Tennessee. By occupation Hugh Con- 
nor was a farmer. He came to McDonough 
County at a very early jieriod in its history, 
and followed this pursuit in Blandinsville 
Township during the remainder of his life. 
William Connor was reared on the farm, and, 
while assisting his father, enjoyed the ad- 
vantages of the public schools in the vicinity 
of his home. In 1885 he bought a farm of 
ninet.v-five acres in Section 3, Blandinsville 
Township, on which he built a fine residence, 
with other improvements, and was engaged in 
tilling the soil for a considerable period. He 
is also the owner of 305 acres of choice land 
in Section 2, of the same township. For sev- 
eral years he has kept aloof from active efforts, 
his farm being rented out. 

Mr. Connor was united in matrimony on No- 
vember 22, 1893, with Melissa Spiker, who was 
born and schooled in McDonough County. 
Three children are the offspring of this mar- 
riage, namely: Mary, Allie and Alta. In his 
political relations, Mr. Connor is an Inde- 
pendent, and his religious belief is in harmony 
with the doctrines of the Christian Church. 
The acquisition of a handsome competence by 
the subject of this sketch is attributed to those 
traits which have always dominated his char- 
acter — energy, persistence and stability. 

CONWELL, Charles, formerly an extensive and 
successful farmer in Blandinsville Township, 
McDonough County, but now living in retire- 
ment in Blandinsville, was born in Zanesville, 
Ohio, on March 17, 1843, son of John and Sa- 



HISTORY OF Mcdonough county. 



857 



rah (Crabtree) Conwell, the former a native 
of the State of Delaware and the latter of Eng- 
lish birth. John Conwell, who was a millwrigh't 
by occupation, in 18()4 came to Hancock County, 
111., where he mainly followed agricultural pur- 
suits during the rest of his life. Charles Con- 
well, the son, received his early education in 
ferry County, Ohio, came to McDonough County 
in 1873, and bought 160 acres of land in Blan- 
dinsville Township. To this he added from 
time to time until he is now the owner of 730 
acres of fine farming land. The improvements 
on his different farms have been made by him. 
In 1903 he built his present home in Blan- 
dinsville and moved into it in December of that 
year. Since then he has lived in retirement 
from active labor. During the Civil War he 
served as a member of the One Hundred and 
Sixtieth Regiment Ohio National Guard for 
one hundred days, seeing active service in the 
Shenandoah Valley and the advance on Rich- 
mond. 

On September 25, 1872, the subject of this 
sketch was united in marriage with Kmma 
Grigsby, who was born in McDonough County, 
a daughter of Redmond and Catherine (Ray) 
Grigsby, natives of Virginia and Kentucky. Mr. 
Grigsby came to McDonough County in the fall 
01 1830, just before the "Deep Snow." To Mr. 
and Mrs. Conwell were born five children, as 
follows: Cora (Mrs. M. G. Davis); Arthur R., 
who is on the paternal farm; W. Clifton, who 
is also on one of his father's larms; and Ros- 
coe W. and Hazel, who are with their parents. 
Politically, Mr. Conwell is a Republican, and 
has held the office of School Director. He rep- 
resents one of the best types of the American 
farmer — intelligent, careful, methodical and uii- 
ri.ght throughout his entire active career. 

CONWELL, W. Clifton, an industriousand enter- 
prising farmer in Hlandinsville Township, Mc- 
Donough County, 111., was born in Hlandinsville, 
March l(i, 1S79, and received his early educa- 
tion in the public schools of Blandinsville and 
Hushnell. He is a son of Charles and F^mma 
(Grigsby) Conwell, whose biographical record 
appears in another sectioa of this volume. Mr. 
Conwell was raised on the farm with his par- 
ents, and has always followed farming. In the 
fall of 1903 he took charge for his father of 
the parental homestead of 250 acres, and be- 
sides managing this, operates his own farm of 
IC 



120 acres. He carries on general farming and 
the raising of stock, making a specialty of 
breeding Norman horses. 

On October 15, 1904, Mr. Conwell was mar- 
ried to Mildred Moon, who was born at La 
Harpe, III. His wife is the daughter of Charles 
and Mamie (Ingraham) Moon, both natives of 
New York. They were married at La Harpe, 
and Mrs. CJonwell is the second in a family 
of four children, all of whom are living. Mr. 
and Mrs. Conwell have a beautiful home, ele- 
gantly furnished and modern in every respect. 
They are honored members of the Baptist 
Church. Mr. Conwell's political affiliations are 
witii the Republican party. 

COOK, John W. (deceased), formerly a promi- 
nent and prosperous merchant of Macomb, Mc- 
Donough County, 111., was born in Campbells- 
burg, Pa.. May 8, 1844. In boyhood, he attended 
the district school in his neighborhood for a 
short time, but was compelled 10 abandon his 
studies when quite young in order to assist in 
the support of his mother and sister. For the 
better accomplishment of this object he learned 
the tinner's trade, and then became chief clerk 
of Gorham & Cotlrell. After a number of years, 
in partnership with .lohn Scott, he bought out 
this concern, of which he continued to be one 
of the proprietors for a considerable period. 
Eventually disposing of his interest, he en- 
gaged in the grocery business, which occupied 
his attention except during the last three years 
of his life, which were spent as an insurance 
agent, representing several companies. He was 
a stockholder in the sewer-pipe works, and was 
a man of substantial means. 

At the Randolph Hotel in Macomb, on August 
31, 1S73, Mr. Cook was married to .Jennie Ran- 
dolph, who was born June 3, 1848, and two 
children were the offspring of their union: 
Rea Randolph and Jay. 

In his political views, Mr. Cook was a pro- 
nounced and aggressive Republican. He served 
as Suijcrvisor for several years, and was also 
President of the School Board. Religiously, he 
was a member of the Presbyterian Church, fra- 
ternally, was identified with the A. F. & A. M. 
and the M. W. A. His death occurred December 
21, 1900. Mr. Cook was a man of high char- 
acter and excellent business judgment and abil- 
ity, and his reputation in the community was 
that of a public-spirited and useful citizen. 



8.;8 



HISTORY OF Mcdonough county. 



cox, Caleb B. — Among tne well-known and 
thriving farmers of Eldorado Township. Mc- 
Donough County, 111., is Caleb B. Cox. Mr. Cox 
was born in Pulton County, 111., in October, 
1863, a son of Henry and Rebecca (Freeman) 
Cox. his father being a native of the State of 
Ohio, and his mother of Fulton County, 111. 
jesse Cox and Marshall Freeman were the i)a- 
ternal and maternal grandfathers, respectively, 
, the former being an Ohioan by birth. 

Caleb B. Cox is the seventh in order of 
birth of a family of five boys and three girls 
which blessed the union of his parents. He 
lived on the farm and assisted his father in 
the work until he was twenty-one years old, 
availing himself, meanwhile, of the benefits of 
the public schools in his neighborhood. After 
reaching his majority he was employed as a 
farm-hand in that vicinity until the period 
of his marriage. He then rented a farm in 
Fulton County, on which he devoted his at- 
tention to general farming for six years. At 
the end of that time he moved to McDonough 
County, and occupied rented farms until 1904. 
when he purchased 158 acres of land in Sec- 
tion 23, Eldorado Township, which he has since 
successfully cultivated. He is an energetic 
worker, and gives careful attention to every 
detail in the operation of the farm. 

On .July 29, 1890. Mr. Cox was united in mar- 
riage with Elizabeth Darling, who was born in 
Ohio, where, in girlhood, she received her 
mental training in the public schools in the 
vicinity of her home. Six children were the 
offspring of their union, namely: Wilmer. 
Ethel. Ada. Robert, Olive and Charles. 

In political contests. Mr. Cox favors the 
policies of the Democratic party. In 1903 he 
held the office of Township Collector. His 
fraternal affiliation is with the .\. F. & A. M. 
Order. 

COX, William, a prominent and successful 
Life and Fire Insurance Agent, of Macomb, Mc- 
Donough County, 111., was born in Guernsey 
County, Ohio, October S, 1S48. His parents. 
Thomas and Emma (.lohnson) Cox, were na- 
tives of Pennsylvania, the former having been 
born in Chester County, in that State. The 
paternal grandfather, Thomas Cox, was a na- 
tive of Ireland. William Cox pursued his early 
studies in the public schools of Illinois. When 
he was eight years old his father came to Mc- 



Donough County and settled on a farm in El- 
dorado Township, where ne served as a .Justice 
of the Peace for fifty-two years. William was 
the youngest of ten children, and remained 
with his father until the latter's death, in 1892,' 
at the age of ninety-three years. The mother 
passed away when William was but two years 
old. The sub.ject of this sketch stayed on the 
old home farm of 140 acres until March, 1903, 
when he sold the place and moved to Macomb, 
where he bought a residence and established 
himself as a fire insurance agent, taking up 
life insurance also in connection with the 
Metropolitan Insurance Company. While he 
was engaged in farming he was an extensive 
dealer in live stock, shipping from 100 to 300 
carloads per year. He was always looked ui)on 
as upright and honorable in all his dealings, 
the "golden rule" being his motto. 

Mr. Cox was married, September 30. 1874, 
to Alveretta Beal, who was born in Beaver 
County, Pa., and received her early mental 
training in the public schools in Illinois. The 
children of Mr. and Mrs. Cox are: Bertha, Ma- 
bel. Clifford. Gaylord and Mildred. Politically, 
Mr. Cox is a Democrat. He has served two 
terms as Township Collector, was twice elected 
Supervisor and was twice nominated for County 
Treasurer. His religious connection is with the 
Presbyterian Church. Mr. Cox is a useful and 
public-spirited member of the community, and 
his business, political and social record is be- 
yond adverse criticism. 

CRABB, D. M., a well-known veterinary sur- 
geon and farmer, living on Rural Mail Delivery 
Route No. 2, M(cDonough County. III., was born 
in the Shenandoah Valley (Montgomery Coun- 
ty. Va.), November 14, 1823. a son of .John M. 
and Ann (Fleming) Crabb. natives of Virginia, 
where the father was born in Westmoreland 
County. The i)aternal grandparents, Daniel and 
Agnes (Middleton) Crabb, were born in Lon- 
don, England, the maternal grandfather, Wil- 
liam Fleming, being a native of Belfast, Ireland. 
John M. Crabb came to Illinois and settled near 
Macomb in 1836. He rented the west half of 
Section 16. Macomb Township, for five years, 
and then bought eighty acres in the vicinity, on 
which the family located. He later purchased 
other lands until he became the owner of 620 
acres. 

D. M. Crabb. who is the fifth of a family of 





^A^4^ 




i^ 



HISTORY OF McDONOL'GH COUNTY. 



859 



It-n children, accompanied his rather to Mo- 
Donoiigh County in 1836. In boyhood he at- 
tended the district schools, and afterwards pur- 
sued a course ot study in the Cincinnati Vet- 
erinary College. He lived with his parents 
until he was twenty-seven years old, and then 
l)urchased lliO acres of land, on which he has 
since lived, engaged in farming and in the 
l)ractice of veterinary surgery. He has seen 
this region develop to its present condition from 
a wilderness abounding in deer, wolves and 
other wild animals. 

Mr. Crabb was first married in IS.IO to Re- 
becca Hanii)ton. a native of Ohio. Of this 
marriage three children were born, namely; 
.\nna (Mrs. B. Milling), deceased; Laura E. 
(.Mrs. \V. H. King): and .lames M., deceased. 
The mother of this family died in 18G0. The 
second wife was Mary E. Bards, of Lycoming 
County. Pa., whom Mr. Crabb married in 1S63. 
She died in 1901, leaving one child, Robert E. 
In September, 1903, Mr. Crabb married as his 
second wife Kittie Kline, who was born in 
.\Iacoml). 

Religiously, .Mr. Cnibl) is an adherent of the 
evangelical faith. i)olitical!y, is a Democrat, and 
fraternally is identified with the A. F. & A. .\1. 
He is one of the oldest surviving members of 
that venerable group of pioneers whose labors 
laid the foundalion of the |)ros])erity of Mc- 
Donough County, and is greatly respected 
throughout the commimity. 

CRABTREE, Ora, vvho is one of the most sub- 
stantial farmers in Mound Township, McDon- 
ough County, was Ixirn in Fulton County, III., 
on .January 2. 1S()9, a son of (Triah and Urith 
(, Johnson) Crabtree. natives of Ohio. The sub- 
ject of this sketch came to .Mound Township 
with his parents about the year 1S75, when 
his father purchased 220 acres ot land, on 
which he carried on general farming until 
his death in January, 189fi. the mother 
still living on the old homestead. Upon 
the death of his father, Mr. Crabtree took 
charge of the farm, to which he has 
since added more land, until he now owns 350 
acres. He had one brother. .-Mien. Politically. 
.Mr. Crabtree is a Democrat, and is identified 
fraternally with the I. O. O. F. and the Knights 
of Pythias. On August 1, 190.5, he was united 
in marriage with Phebe Beaver, of Washington 
County, Kans., a daughter of Charles and Sa- 



niantha (Lewis) Beaver, her parents being well- 
known farmers of that county. Mr. Crabtree 
is a thorough and intelligent farmer, the suc- 
cessful results attending his labors bearing wit- 
ness to his practical and scientific methods. 

GRAIN, Samuel L., equally well known and 
honored as a teacher and a tiller of the soil, 
comes of an old V'irginia family, his grand- 
father, .loseph, being a native of the Old Do- 
minion. His parents were Kentuckians, the 
father, Samuel L. Crain, being a native of Flem- 
ing and his mother (known before her ."nar- 
riage as Margaret Perkins), of Bath County, 
that State. Samuel was the youngest of the 
three chilldren, the two others being girls. His 
birthplace was the farm homestead in Schuyler 
County, 111., and the date ot his birth February 
15, 1844. He passed his early years in he.althful 
agricultural labors, attended the district schools 
and later removed with the family to Bowen, 
Hancock County. He was above the average 
in scholarly acquirements, finally graduated 
Irom the .Normal School at Carthage and com- 
menced teaching while young, living most of the 
time with his father and sister. Mr. Crain was 
thus situated and employed at the time of his 
father's death in January, 1878. Then purchas- 
ing the farm he moved upon the family home- 
stead, continuing his successful career as a 
pedagogue when agricultural operations did not 
require his attention. Altogether he taught for 
a period of twenty-four years, living upon the 
old farm from the time of his father's death 
until November 10, 1902. In order to give his 
children the benefit of a good education at the 
State .\ormal School, he then moved to Ma- 
comb, purchasing the residence at No. 432 
South Johnson Street, where he is enjoying the 
fruits of his long and earnest labors, not only 
in the prosperity which has come to him, but 
in the universal honor in which he is held. 

On May 15, 1879, Mr. Crain was united in 
marriage to .\manda E. Harding, a native of 
Hancock County. 111., who received her educa- 
tion in Woodville. .-Vdams County. Three chil- 
dren have been born to .Mr. and Mrs. Crain. 
namely: Pearl, who died at the age of fifteen 
months: Charles, who is a teacher in the coun- 
ty: and Maggie Irene, who graduated in 1906 
frofn the State Normal. Outside of the home 
circle Mr. Crain's interests largely center in 
the Methodist Episcopal Church. He is also 



86o 



HISTORY OF Mcdonough county. 



identified with the A. F. & A. M., and, politically, 
is a stanch Democrat, although he has never 
sought political preferment. 

Mrs. Grain was a daughter of Green Harding, 
who was a native of Kentucky, born 
on the Green River, her mother's name 
being Sarah Stokes, a native of Maryland. Her 
grandfather, Noah Stokes, was a jjioneer set- 
tler of Hancock County, III. He possessed con- 
siderable literary and musical ability, and died 
at the age of eighty-four years. Mrs. Grain's 
father was a farmer of Hancock Gounty, and 
died in Kansas in March, 1885. He was a Dem- 
ocrat; was Justice of the Peace and quite a 
lawyer. In his religious connection he was a 
member of the Methodist Episcopal Ghurch. 
Mrs. Grain's paternal grandfather was also a 
pioneer settler of Hancock County. 

CUMMINGS, Jessie Henry (deceased), formerly 
a very prominent business man and greatly- 
esteemed citizen of Macomb, McDonou.gh Coun- 
ty, 111., was born in Cecil Gounty, Md., December 
29, 1834. His parents, James and Rachel Cum- 
mings, were natives of that county, and his 
father was a farmer and ship carpenter by 
occupation. Both were worthy and substantial 
people and devout Christians, being members 
of the Rock Presbyterian Ghurch, in Cecil Coun- 
ty. The family lived in that county until the 
death of James Cummings in 1837, when his 
widow with six children moved, first, to Har- 
rison County, Ohio, and afterward, to Butler 
County, Pa. In his youth Jesse H. Cummings 
received his education in the public schools of 
Butler Gounty, Pa., and in the domestic circle 
was taught habits of industry, economy and 
morality. On reaching early manhood he was 
first employed in carrying the mail on horse- 
back through a thinly pojjulated country in 
Mercer, Butler and Venango Counties, Pa., and 
next worked as clerk in a country store in 
North Washington, Butler County, Pa., for 
Charles Newlan. Later he was engaged in the 
same capacity in a store in Canonsburg in the 
same State. Subsequently, in company with a 
young man named Andrew Gourley. he went to 
Kansas, and after spending a few months there, 
came to Illinois and located in Macomb in 
1855. His first employment in Macomb was 
as clerk in the hardware store of T. H. Be&rd. 
and his next was as clerk in the banking house 
of William H. Randolpn. He then entered the 



banking establishment of Charles Chandler & 
Company, and when that institution was 
changed to the First National Bank of Macomb, 
became the Cashier and one of its Directors. 
Thus he remained until the bank went into 
voluntary liquidation in 1885, and sold its busi- 
ness and quarters. A year afterward he bought 
an interest in the banking house of Q. C. Ward 
& Company, which succeeded the First National, 
and with this officially was associated until 
1893. Mr. Cummings was also a di- 
rector ot and stockholder in the banking 
house ot Cummings, Ward & Company at 
Good Hope, 111. At the time of his death he 
was President, Director and Treasurer of the 
Macomb Pottery Company, and a Director and 
Secretary of Frost's Sewer Pipe Company. He 
was one of the originators of the Macomb Build- 
ing & Loan Association, organized about 1880, 
and up to the date of his death, was its Treas- 
urer and a member of its Board of Directors. 
On November 3, 1857, Mr. Cummings was 
united in marriage with Elvira Pearson, near 
La Hari)e, 111., a sister of Hon. 1. N. Pearson, 
of Macomb. Of this union three children were 
born, namely: Jessie, wife of Charles W. Ket- 
tron, Superintendent of the Macomb Pottery 
Company, May and Harry Wilbur. In politics, 
Mr. Cummings was a prominent and influential 
Republican. He served as Alderman of his 
ward for many years, also represented the city 
of Macomb on the Board of Supervisors, and 
was a member of the Board of Education. In 
his religious associations he was a member 
of the Presbyterian Church, in which he oflS- 
ciated as Elder and Treasurer for many years, 
and which he held at the time of his death. 
He was also Sunday-school Superintendent, and 
was foremost in charitable work. He was one 
of the founders of the Y. M. C. A. of Macomb, 
and was always a member of its Board of Di- 
rectors. It was largely through his influence 
that that noble woman, Mrs. Marietta Phelps, 
gave her money for the building of the hos- 
pital which bears her name, and stands as a 
monument to her memory, Mr. Cummin.gs hav- 
ing had charge of her affairs after her lius- 
band's death for many years previous, and that 
without remuneration. He was a firm believer 
in that passa.ge of Scripture which says, "Let 
not thy left hand know what thy right hand 
doeth." Many were the beneficiaries who 
came to his widow after his death and, min- 




^(^J-M&k- 



HISTORY OF McDOXOrCH COUNTY. 



86 1 



gling their tears with hers, told of the aid tiiey 
liad received at his hands in times ol need. 

.Mr. Cummings died .\pril 1. 1900. liesides 
his family, already mentioned, he left a sister. 
Mrs. S. X. Hamilton, of Emlenton, Pa., and a 
brother, John B., of Chicago, 111., to lament his 
de|)arture. .As far as human limitations per- 
niil. he was a model man and his career re- 
flected credit ui)on the community with which 
his life was indentified as one of the most use- 
ful and exemplary of its citizens. Mrs. Cum- 
mings died -March IS. 1907. 

CUMMINGS, John Bowman, one of the oldest 
and most respected residents of Macomb, 111., 
a leading merchant and banker at various times 
and places, and lastly, before his retirement, 
connected with the Macomb Pottery Company, 
was born in Cecil County. Md., January 17, 1824, 
a son of James and Rachel (Hall) Cummings. 
also natives of that State and county. James 
Cummings. his paternal grandfather, was of 
Seotch nativity. The maternal grandfather was 
named Isaac Hall. 

In boyhood, John li. Cummings attended pub- 
lic school and at the age of thirteen years (in 
1S37) went to Ohio and thence to Pennsylva- 
nia. He was engaged in mercantile pursuits 
until 1S51. when he came to .vlacomb A year 
later he went to .Mississippi, where lie remained 
four years, returning then to Macomb in 1.S.5S. 
and there engaging in the mercantile line. In 
1864 he went to Bushnell, where he conducted 
the Farmers' National Bank for twenty-five 
years. He then moved to Chicago, where he 
was engaged in the coal business, was employed 
as bookkeeper for the Sterling Cycle Company, 
and was also associated w'ith the firm of K. A. 
Cummings & Company, of Chicago, in the real- 
estate business. In 1894 he was made man- 
ager of the Chicago branch of the Macomb 
Pottery Company, continuing thus until its 
Chicago office was closed. In 1903 he returned 
to Macomu, where he and his wife now reside 
at .\o. l!29 North Randolph Street. 

The first wife of .Mr. Cummings was .Adeline 
\V. Pierson. whom he married .\pril 4. 1847. in 
Butler County, Pa. Six children were the off- 
spring of this union, namely: Clarence P.. 
Leonidas B.. James E.. Charles C. Eva (Mrs. 
C. W. Dickerson). of Haltimore. Md., and .Min- 
nie, deceased. The mother of this family died 
in November. 1862. The oldest son. Clarence 
P., is in the banking business in Montevista. 



Rio Grande County, Colo., while the youngest 
son, Charles C, is County Treasurer of that 
county. James E. is In the music business at 
Fort Worth, Texas, and Leonidas a printer in 
Bushnell, 111. The first corpse buried in Oak- 
wood Cemetery was that of .Mr. and Mrs. Cum- 
mings' first child. On .\pril 19. 18()4, .Mr. Cum- 
niin.gs was married to his second wife. Mary E. 
Chambers, who was born in 1830 in Lexington, 
Ky., where she attended the public and paro- 
chial schools. One child, William C, resulted 
from this union. The present wife's parents, ' 
William and Elizabeth (Nourse) Chambers, 
were natives of Kentucky, while her grandpar- 
ents were William and Mary (Connor) Cham- 
bers, both born in Ireland, and William and 
Elizabeth (Jameson) Nourse, the former born 
in Virginia and the latter in Mercer County, 
Ky. 

In politics .Mr. Cummings is a Republican: 
in lSti8 was elected Clerk of the McDonough 
Circuit Court, and was chosen the first Mayor 
of Bushnell. III., on the organization of the city 
government. For several years he also served 
as a member of the Board of Education in Ma- 
comb. In his religious relations, Mr. Cum- 
mings accepts the faith of the Presbyterian 
Church, and fraternally is affiliated with the 
Masonic Order. In his lon.g and busy life he 
has received ample evidence, on notable occa- 
sions and in different places, of the confidence 
and esteem of his fellow-citizens, and now, in 
its declining years, a general solicitude for his 
welfare is felt throughout the community. 

DAILEY, I. W. — One who gave of his strength 
and endangered his health in defense of his 
country, and who. for more than thirty years 
afterward, was sturdily engaged in upbuilding 
the agricultural industries of his community 
and In the rearing of a useful family, deserves 
a i)rominent place in the annals of any history. 
Therefore it is that the record of I. W. Dailey, 
a retired farmer and stork-raiser of McDon- 
ough County and. for a dozen years an honored 
resident of Macomb, appears in these pages. 
His parents, Thomas and Sarah (Mcintosh) 
Dailey, were Virginians, and he too is a native of 
the Old Dominion, born October f>, 1829. There 
were eight children in the family, he being 
the seventh. In ISS.'i the parents migrated 
from their native State, with all their children 
and household goods, and located two miles 



862 



HISTORY OF Mcdonough county. 



from the city of Springfield, 111., where they 
remained one year, when (in lSi36) they re- 
moved to McDonough County, settling upon a 
farm in Eldoradc Township. There Mr. Dailey 
wan reared, his education being limited to 
irregular attendance upon the district schools 
and very regular work upon the farm durin.; 
the agricultural seasons. When his father 
died on New Year's Day of 1S54, most of the 
responsibility of managing the family home- 
stead was thrown upon him. He performed 
his duties cheerfully and well, until he felt 
that he should leave them in other hands and 
respond to his country's call to the front. In 
1862 he enlisted in Company C, Eighty-fourth 
Illinois Volunteer Infantry, and was with his 
command in its march through Kentucky. 
Contracting a severe illness, he was invalided 
and discharged from the service in the follow- 
ing spring, returning home with his health bad- 
ly shattered. His widowed mother had died 
in November, 1862. Mr. Dailey having in- 
herited ninety acres of the home farm, found 
the out-door life of a farmer admirably adapted 
to restore his health, and he was soon again 
taking up his agricultural labors with his old- 
time vigor. Later he added an adjoining 105 
acres to the original tract, making a fine home- 
stead of 195 acres, upon which he carried on 
the combined business of farming and stock- 
raisin.g. This he continued to such advantage 
that in 1895 he erected a fine residence in Ma- 
comb, on South McArthur Street, to which he 
retired. Mr. Dailey has been identified, to 
some extent, with the public affairs of his lo- 
cality, having acceptably served on the School 
Board and as Road Commissioner of his town- 
ship. He is politically associated with the 
Republican party and is an esteemed member 
of the Methodist Episcopal Church. 

On November 19. 1867, Mr. Dailey married 
Miss Emma Craig, a native of McDonough 
County, and they are the parents of three chil- 
dren: Warren M.: Irene Alice, now Mrs. 
Frank Moore, of McDonough County: and 
Lucy H., the wife of P. F. Baldner, of the same 
county. 

DARK, Andrew Jackson, who is successfully 
engaged in farming in Chalmers Township. Mc- 
Donough County, was born in the same county 
September 22, 1850, a son of Samuel L. and 
Christiana (Waymaek) Dark, the father a na- 



tive of Middle Tennessee and the mother of Vir- 
ginia. Grandfather Samuel Dark and Grandfa- 
ther Buckner Waymack were natives, respective- 
ly, of North Carolina and Virginia. Samuel L. 
Dark came to Schuyler County, 111., in 1832. He 
was a Baptist minister and preached the first 
sermon delivered in Schuyler County. He died 
December 19. 1899, at the age of ninety-three 
years. Andrew J. Dark is the fifth of ten 
children resulting from his father's second mar- 
riage. In infancy he was brought b.v his par- 
ents to Schuyler County, 111., and remained 
with them until he was thirty-two years old, 
attending the common schools in his boyhood. 
Then he went to Nebraska, where he spent 
some time working on a farm. Returning to 
McDonough County, he continued to do farm 
work, living, however, in .Macomb, where he 
owns property. He spent four years farming in 
Emmet Township, and then moved to Chal- 
mers Township, where he has since been en- 
gaged in farming. 

Mr. Dark was married .lune 7. 1S77, to Mary 
A. .Andrews, who came to Schuyler County 
while an infant, and in her girlhood was edu- 
cated in its public schools. Their union was 
the source of five children, namely: Lillian, 
Charlotte, Scott (deceased), Ursula and Chris- 
tiana. Politically, the subject of this sketch 
espouses the cause of the Democratic party. 
In Schuyler County he held the offices of Con- 
stable and Road Commissioner, in Emmet 
Township has served as Collector, as also in 
Chalmers Township, and was elected Supervisor 
of the latter township in the spring of 1905. 
In the discharge of these public trusts he ren- 
dered efficient and faithful sei-vice and left a 
creditable record. Fraternally, Mr. Dark is 
affiliated with the M. W. A. 

DAVIDSON, David C, a well-known and sub- 
stantial farmer of Bethel Township, McDonough 
County, 111., was born in Halland County, near 
Halmstead, Sweden, May 15, 1848, a son of 
Christopher and Hannah (.Anderson) Davidson, 
both natives of Sweden. His paternal grand- 
father, David Davidson, and his grandfather on 
the maternal side, Gabrielle Anderson, were 
also natives of that country. David Davidson, 
who was the younger of two boys born to his 
parents, lived on his father's home farm until 
he was twenty-one years old, when he went 
to sea as a sailor, making the voyage to Liv- 



HISTORY Ol- MrDOXorCH L'OUXTY. 



863 



er|i(K)l, Knsland, then to Russia, and back to 
Enpland. Later he sailed to Hong Kong. China. 
After sailini; four .vears. hi! returned to Sweden 
and soon afterward came to tue United States, 
spent one year in Warren County, III., and 
moved thence to McDonough County, where 
he farmed three years in Emmet Township. 
In March, 1S7(>, he bouRht a farm of eighty 
acres in Methel Township, to which he added 
from time to time until his present farm con- 
tains 280 acres of choice land in Sections 14 
and 15. His crops are mainly corn and small 
grain, and he also raises cattle, horses and 
hogs. 

On May 17, 1872, .Mr. Davidson was united 
in marriage with Nettie C. .\llison, who was 
also a native of Halland County, Sweden, where 
she was educated. Her parents, Elias Swanson 
and Nettie Christenson, were born and died 
there, during his lite being engaged in agricul- 
tural pursuits. Mrs. Davidson's grandparents 
were also natives of the same locality. She 
was the third of a family of six children — four 
girls and two boys — one of her brothers, Henja- 
min J. Allison, now residing in Chalmers Town- 
ship, McDonough County. The marriage of .Mr. 
and Mrs. David C. Davidson has resulted in 
three children: Hattie J., formerly a teacher 
in the public schools; Nannie E. (Mrs. John L. 
Curtis), who lives on the homestead in Section 
23, Bethel Township, McDonough County: and 
Selma E. (.Mrs. I-'red R. ClarK), residing on a 
farm in Littleton Township, Schuyler County, 
III. In |)olilics, Mr. Davidson takes sides with 
the Republican party, and has served as School 
Treasurer since 1S96, His religious connection 
is with the Swedish Lutheran Church. Fra- 
ternally, he is affiliated with the I. O. O. F., K. 
of P., D. O. K. K. and H. P. O. E. By industry, 
perseverance and frugality, the subject of this 
sketch has accumulated a handsome com- 
petency, and is regarded as one of the most' 
substantial farmers and useful citizens of Bethel 
Township. 

DAVIS, W. S., one of the most iirominent 
farmers in Blandinsville Township, .McDonough 
County, 111., was born in the locality where he 
now resides in 1846, a son of Thomas and 
Pamelia (.lob) Davis, natives of the State of 
Tennessee. The father, Thomas Davis, came to 
McDonough County in 1S28, and settled where 
the town of Blandinsville is now located. 



Pamelia Job, who became his wife, was a daugh- 
ter of William Job, who founded Job's Settle- 
ment in .McDonough County in 1826, but went 
away twice on account of threatened Indian 
troubles. Her family located on the Seybold 
place, east of the town site, and built the first 
house in this section. It was built of logs, and 
stood where the Davis barn now stands. Thomas 
Davis assisted in the organization of Blandins- 
ville Townsnip, and at different times held all 
the local offices. During the Civil War he 
served in the Seventy-eighth Regiment Illinois 
Volunteer Infantry. In 1832 he bought the 
farm of 160 acres now occupied by the subject 
of this sketch. 

W. S. Davis grew up to manhood on this 
farm, attending the public school in his boy- 
hood. Here he has lived ever since, success- 
fully engaged in general farming and stock- 
raising. In 1870 he was married to Mary E. 
Keithley. who was born and schooled in Good 
Hope, III. Of this union were born six chil- 
dren: Ira O., Alpha, Thomas, Pamelia I.Mrs 
.Miller), Stella (.Mrs. Banks), and Tillie I.Mrs 
Chii)man). 

The religious belief of Air. Davis is in accord 
with the doctrines of the Christian Church. Po- 
litically, he acts with the Republican party. He 
is widely known among the people of his town- 
ship, and commands the respect of all as com- 
bining those qualities that go to make up a 
first-class farmer and citizen. , 

DAWSON, Samuel B., a well-known cigar man- 
ufacturer, of Macomb, 111., was bom in New- 
York City, April 14, 1852, a son of Edward P. 
and Mary (Butler) Dawson. Both of the par- 
ents were natives of England, his father having 
been born in Leicestershire, and his mother in 
London. In 1849 Mr. Dawson's parents came 
from England to the United States and settled 
in New York City, where the subject of this 
sketch attended public school. There his fa- 
ther worked as a cigar packer for sixteen years, 
in 1865 coming to Macomb, where he opened the 
first cigar man\ifactory in that place. Samuel 
B. Dawson learned the cigar business from his 
father, whom he succeeded in 1888. In 1892 
he sold out and went to Pittsfield. 111., where 
he was employed as foreman of a cigar factory 
until 1898. then returned to Macomb and re- 
sumed the business there, which he has since 
continued. He makes six different brands of 



864 



HISTORY OF Mcdonough county. 



cigars, employing four experienced men and 
two apprentices, and dealing in everything in the 
smoker's line. Mr. Dawson is an intelligent and 
energetic man, and devotes himself assiduously 
to his business ailairs. Me has built up a flour- 
ishing trade. 

Mr. Dawson has been twice married. He 
first wedded Harriet Frost, who was born in 
McDonough County, December 1, 1870, and died 
in April, 1885. On November 5, 1890, he mar- 
ried Delia Matthews, who was born and 
schooled in Sangamon County. 111. By his first 
wife two children were born — Alfred F., in busi- 
ness with his father, and Fannie Dell, who died 
at the age of eighteen years, at Pittsfield. 111. 
His last marriage resulted in one son, Harold 
Keith. In politics, Mr. Dawson is a Republican, 
and served as Alderman of tne Fourth Ward 
in Macomb for two years under Mayor Charles 
Dines' administration, and one year under that 
of W. E. Martin. His religious belief is that of 
the Christian Church. Fraternally, he is a 
member of the Masonic Order and Knights of 
Pythias. 

DAWSON, William H., a well-known and pros- 
perous merchant of Bushnell, McDonough 
County, 111., was born near Table Grove, 111,, on 
December 25, 1855. His father was David Daw- 
son, a native of Ohio. The subject of this 
sketch received his early education in the pub- 
lic schools of- his neighborhood, and remained 
on a farm in Fulton County, 111., imtil he was 
twenty-seven years old. At that period he 
abandoned agricultural pursuits and engaged 
in the mercantile business in Bushnell, 111. In 
1897 Mr. Dawson entered into partnership with 
John N, Zook in the grocery and provision 
trade, and they have succeeded in building up 
one of the most prosperous concerns of this kind 
in the county. Mr. Dawson is a clear-headed 
and energetic business man and his success is 
but the natural result of good qualities prop- 
erly applied. On November 23, 1898, Mr. Daw- 
son was united in marriage with Anna L. Hunt, 
who was born and schooled in Bushnell. Polit- 
ically, the suDject of this sketch is a member 
of the Republican party, and served as Town 
and City Clerk for ten years. Fraternally, 
he is affiliated with the Masonic Order, K. of 
P. and Mystic Workers, and is a member of 
the Baptist Church. 



DECKER, Augustine, a prominent and suc- 
cessful druggist of Macomb, McDonough Coun- 
ty, 111., was born in that city, t'ebruary 14, 1860, 
a son of Nathaniel and Elizabeth (Logan) 
Decker. His paternal and maternal grandfa- 
thers were Cornelius Decker and Joseph G. Lo- 
gan. His father, a farmer by occupation, who 
was born in Ulster County, X. Y., came to Mc- 
Donough County, where he learned the car- 
penter's trade and later bought a farm. Au- 
gustine Decker is the eldest of six children bom 
to his parents, with whom he remained, at- 
tending school and working on the farm, until 
he was twenty-three years old. Then he came 
to Macomb and worked for two years in Fish- 
er's foundry. He was afterward employed in a 
grocery stoi-e. and. on November 1, 1896, en- 
tered into an apprenticeship with F. R. Kyle 
in the drug business. Mr. Kyle subsequently 
sold out to F. H. Mapes, tor whom Mr. Decker 
worked two years. Mr. Decker and his brother, 
Joseph A., then bought Mr. Mapes' interest and 
continued in partnership until January 1, 1901, 
when the sub.1ect of this sketcn purchased his 
brother's interest and has since conducted the 
store alone. His careful and conscientious 
methods and close- application to business have 
gained for him a remunerative patronage. Per- 
sonally he is deservedly popular, and profes- 
sionally has the confidence of his customers. 

On September 21, 1892, Mr. Decker was 
united in marriage with Elizabeth J. Clingan, 
who was born near Bellaire, Ohio, and there at- 
tended public school. Two children. Beulah 
Prances and George Nathaniel, were born of 
this union. In politics, Mr. Decker is a Re- 
publican, in religious belief a Universalist, and 
in fraternal affiliation a member of the 1. O. 
O. F. and Court of Honor. 

DERR'V, Emanuel, who has successfully car- 
ried on farming for many years in New 
Salem Township. McDonough County, was 
born in Harrison County, Ohio, May 5, 
1838, and received his early schooling in Ful- 
ton County, III, He is a son of William and 
Elizabeth Den-y. who were natives of Pennsyl- 
vania. William Derry spent the greater part 
of his life in Fulton County. Ill,, where he 
died in 18.84, his wife passing away a few- 
months later during' the same year. 

Emanuel Derry is the eldest of a family of 




.-C^^ ^:!^-^^V^*^*'*'^^^ 



HIST(1RV OF McUOXDUGH COUXTV, 



865 



nine children, five ot wliom weio girls. He 
came with ills parents to Fulton County, 111., 
in 1843, and lived there until ISiiT, when he 
moved to McDonough County and hought a 
farm o£ 154 acres in Section 10. New Salem 
Township, where he has since resided. 

In November, 1863, Mr. Derry was married 
to Martha Burchett, who wa* born and edu- 
cated in New Salem Township. Five children 
resulted from this union, namely: .lames. 
Cora (Mrs. Edward Wilson), C. Frederick. E. 
Roy and Elmer. Mrs. Derry 's parents were 
James and Lucy (Woods) Burchett, the for- 
mer, a native of England, and the latter, of 
New Hampshire. Her grandparents were .lames 
Burchett. of English ori.gin. and Eliza (Woods) 
Burchett. born in New Hampshire. The grand- 
father Burchett came to this country in lSl!4. 
and died in 1S97. In politics, Mr. Derry ex- 
ercises his franchise in the interests of the 
Democratic party. 

DETRICK, William A. D., a well-linown and 
substantial citizen, formerly of Good Hope. 
McDonough County. 111., is a native of Knox 
County. III., where he was born on August 2S. 
1860. His parents, .lacol) and Rebecca (Swek- 
er) Detrick. were born in Virginia at an early 
period and settled in Illinois, where the fa- 
ther carried on farming in Knox County for 
several years. He then moved to McDonough 
County, locating in Walnut Grove Township, 
where he purchased eighty acres of land. To 
this he added from lime to time until he be- 
came the owner of 200 acres in all. He im- 
proved the propert}' and cultivated his land 
until ihe time of his death, which occurred 
in 1905. He was a man of sound judgment, 
industrious habits and recognized integrity. 
His wife, who was a woman of excellent qual- 
ities, and a careful and considerate mother, 
passed away in 1898. 

In boyhood. William Detrick received his 
education in the district schools of McDonough 
County, remaining on the farm with his par- 
ents until he reached the age of twenty-one 
years. At that period he applied himself to 
farming on his own account. He first l)ought 
what was called the Hart man place, which he 
retained for a short lime. After disposing 
of it. he purchased a farm of 104 acres sit- 
uated in Section 20. Walnut Grove Township, 
where he carried on farming until 1901. He 



then moved into the town of Good Hope and 
bought a comfortable residence. For some 
time he was engaged in the butchering, res- 
taurant and grocery business, has met with 
gratifying success in his undertakings, and 
has acquired sufficient means to be exempt 
from care. In May, 1906, he sold his property 
in Good Hope and purchased a farm of 160 
acres in Lee County. 111., which is to be his 
future homestead. On October 2. 188:!. Mr. De- 
trick was Joined in wedlock In Walnut Grove 
Townshij), with Sarah E. Rutledge, who was 
born in McDonough County. III., and departed 
this life in 1898. Their union resulted in 
seven children, four of whom are still living, 
as follows: Lewis, Clyde. Charles and Marvel. 
On April 3, 1901, Mr. Detrick was again mar- 
ried, wedding for his second wife Mary L. 
Brown, who was born at Rosevllle. Warren 
County, 111. In politics, Mr. Detrick is a sup- 
porter of the Republican party, in the local 
councils of which he is prominent and influen- 
tial. He has filled the office of Collector of 
Walnut Grove Township for two terms, served 
as Road Commissioner nine years, and acts at 
present In the capacity of City Marshal of 
Good Hope, being also a member of the Town 
Board. He is a man of intelligence, energy 
and integrity, and is wide awake to the best 
interests of the community in which he lives. 

DONER, David. — During the nineteen years of 
his association with McDonough County his- 
tory, included between the time of his arrival 
in 1852 and his lamented death on February 
8. 1874, David Doner was regarded as an in- 
dustrious and upright man. and one whose 
ability and courage amirably fitted him for the 
life of self-sacrifice and hardship for which 
he was destined. Born anion.g humble sur- 
roundings in Lancaster County. Pa.. April 13, 
1821. he was a son of .lohn Doner, who was 
born .July 10. 1773. and who during his entire 
active life, pursued the calling of a farmer in 
the State of Pennsylvania. 

With but meager education to aid him in 
his struggle for Independence. David Doner 
worked by the month for his brother .John, who 
was extensively Interested in the horse trade, 
at which the younger man became an expert. 
The lad made frequent trips to Ohio, Indiana 
and Illinois to purchase horses, and. returning 
over the road whence he came, would train and 



866 



HISTORY OF Mcdonough county. 



put them in condition to bring liigli prices as 
carriage, team and road liorses. He finally 
made suflScient headway to justify him in es- 
tablishing a home of his own, and on April 10, 
1852, was united in marriage to Mary Myers, 
who was born in Lancaster County, Pa., October 
25, 1832, and with whom soon after marriage he 
came to Canton. 111., where he found employ- 
ment in the general store of Charles Smith. 
In the fall of 1855 he came to McDonough 
County, and in Mound Township took up 20G 
acres of unbroken prairie land, upon which he 
built a frame house, and conducted general 
farming and stock-raising for the remainder 
■of his life. His wife died October 14, 1862, and 
both are buried in the cemetery at Bushnell. 
Mr. Doner changed from the Whig to the Re- 
publican party, but invariably refused local and' 
political offices. He was a member of the Ger- 
man Reformed Church and spoke the German 
language fluently, the members of his family 
always holding in honored remembrance the 
vernacular of their first American ancestor, as 
well as the traditions of their forefathers who 
lived in what now is Alsace-Lorraine, Germany. 
Mr. and Mrs. Doner were the parents of the fol- 
lowing children: Henry, mention of whom may 
be found elsewhere in this work; Elizabeth, 
born June 13, 1857, died July 16, 1860; Emma, 
born November 3, 1858, married John F. Kline, 
of Canton, 111., and had three children — Myrtle, 
Mary and Clifford D.; Anna B., born November 
11. 1860. still unmarried and living in Helena, 
Mont.; and Mary Ann, born October 14. 1862. 
the wife of Henry Wyman, of Canton, and who 
has a daughter, Edna May. Mr. Doner is re- 
called as a high-minded. Christian gentleman, 
frugal and thrifty as became one of his birth 
and early training, and uncompromising in his 
attitude towards right and wrong. His person- 
ality has passed away, but his standard of life 
and work is being maintained by those who 
bear his name, and who, like himself, are an 
integral and reliable part of the community in 
which they live. 

DONER, Henry, a well-known and substantial 
citizen of Bushnell. McDonough County, 111., 
formerly a successful farmer in this vicinity, 
but now keeping aloof from laborious exertion, 
was born in Canton, 111., in the year 1853. He 
is a son of David and Mary (Meyers) Doner 
who were born in the State of Pennsylvania. 



In 1855 Mr. Doner's parents brought him to 
McDonough County, where they located on a 
farm of 206 acres just south of Bushnell, where 
the subject of this sketch lived until 1899, en- 
gaged in general farming and stock-raising. 
Of this farm (the original home place), located 
in Section 4, Mound Township, and purchased 
by his father in 1855, Mr. Doner still retains 
145 acres. He is also the owner of two stock 
farms in Harris and Farmington Townships, 
Fulton County, consisting respectively of 120 
and 180 acres. 

Mr. Doner was married February 7, 1878, to 
Amanda C. Kline, who was born in Canton, 
HI. Her father, Andrew Kline, came to Mar- 
shall County at an early period, and thence 
moved to Canton. He was one of a family of 
four children, the others being Emma (Mrs. 
John Kline), Anna B. Doner and Mary (Mrs. 
Wymans). The children resulting from this 
union of Mr. and Mrs. Doner are David R., 
Mabel A. and Harry A. David R. married 
Blanche Pearl Arter, and they reside in Prairie 
City Township, being the parents of one child, 
Mabel Mildred. Mabel A., wife of Howard W. 
Matthews, resides in Macomb. The family occu- 
py a comfortable residence purchased from 
Louis Kaiser, and Mr. Doner still conducts 
his farming operations personally. While still 
in the vigor of ripe manhood, by diligent ap- 
plication to his chosen pursuit, Mr. Doner has 
reached that condition' of life which affords 
contentment and repose, free from the cares 
and vexations of earlier years. He is a Repub- 
lican in politics. 

DOUGHERTY, Peter, formerly a farmer of 
Chalmers Township, McDonough County, 111., 
and now living in retirement in Macomb, in 
that county, was born in County Donegal, Ire- 
land, March 2, 1847, and there attended a sub- 
scriptiim school. His father and mother. Wil- 
liam and Hannah Dougherty, were natives of 
the same country. Peter Dougherty left home 
at the age of twelve years and spent five 
months in Pulton County, 111. Thence he came 
to New Salem Township, McDonough County, 
where he worked on a farm. At the time of the 
great Chicago fire in 1871 he was a student 
at Porter's Telegraphy School in that city. In 
1880 he moved to Mound Township, where he 
took the township census, and was again cen- 
sus enumerator in 1890. He was engaged in 



HISTORY OF .McDOX()L-GH COUNTY. 



867 



farming in Chalmers Township, McDonoiigh 
County, until January, l!i(>4, when he moved 
to Macomb, where he lives in retirement on 
West Pike Street. He is the owner of ten 
building lots in Macomb City, described as Lot 
3, Section 3(i, Emmet Township. 

On October S, 1s72. .Mr. Dougherty was united 
in marriage with .Mary .lane Seaburn, who was 
l)orn and schooled in McUonoush County. The 
children resulting from this marriage are: 
Flora K. (Mrs. D. D. Riden). Arthur, Harry and 
Mlaine. Mr. Dougherty is an outspoken Re- 
iniblican in |)olitics. He has served as Town 
Clerk of .Mound Township, and was County 
Coroner for the term ending in December. 1904, 
and was reelected to this office in November, 
1904. Fraternally, the subject of this sketch 
is affiliated with the 1. O. O. F , K. of P.. K. 
of K., M. W. A. and the Rebekahs. Mr. Dough- 
erty has led a very active life, and has faith- 
fully discharged all obligations imposed upon 
him. He is now resting from his labors, and 
in his well-earned retirement enjoys the respect 
of all who know him. 

DOUGLAS, Adam, in period of residence, one 
of the oldest farmers in .McDonough County, 
III., as also one of the most prosperous, is the 
subject of this sketch, who was born in Rox- 
burghshire. Scotland, December 31. 1S33. He is 
a son of .lohn and Jenerite (Maine) Douglas, 
natives of Scotland, as was also the paternal 
grandfather, George Douglas. .Adam Douglas 
was the youngest in a family of eleven children. 
In boyhood he attended the iniblic schools of 
Roxburghshire, and spent his youth in farm 
work. In 1S.t2 he came to the United States, 
and. journeying to Illinois, began farming in 
Eldorado Township. .Mcl5onough County. Seven 
months afterward he went to Fulton County, 
III., where he remained one year. Then return- 
ing to McDonough County, he rented a farm in 
New Salem Township, in the same county, 
which he cultivated for five years. At the end 
of that peritKl he purchased a tract of 240 acres 
in Section 3(1. .Macomb Township, on which he 
has made fine improvements. This tract he has 
transformed from nearly unbroken prairie, 
barren and uninviting, into one of the most pro- 
ductive and attractive farms in the county, a 
development which attests the industry, en- 
ergy and thrift that characterize its owner. 
Upsides these qualities. Mr. Douglas is favor- 



ably known beyond the limits of his town- 
ship for his absolute reliability and high 
character. 

On March 1, 1864. Mr. Douglas was united 
in marriage with Catherine Kelly, a native of 
Scotland. Five children have resulted from 
this union, namely: .John F., James K.. Hessie 
(Mrs. H. N. Jackson), of Hardolph, III.; George 
C. and Charles A. In politics, Mr. Douglas is a 
Republican, but does not affiliate witli any 
church. 

DOUGLAS, John F., who is successfully en- 
gaged in the hardware, implement and lumber 
business in Bardolph, .McDonough County, 111., 
was born on Section 36, .Macomb Township, 
October 12, 1864. His father and mother. Adam 
and Kate (Kelly) Douglas, were natives of Scot- 
land. His grandparents, John and Jane 
(Wiley) Douglas, were also natives of Scot- 
land. Adam Douglas, the father, came from 
Scotland to the I'nited States and settled in 
Fulton County, 111., in 1S,t2. his wife having 
preceded him in 1849. Their family consisted 
of three boys and one girl, of whom John F. 
was the oldest boy. 

In boyhood years the subject of this sketch 
attended the public school, and later the 
Macomb Branch Normal School, remaining on 
the home farm and assisting in its operation 
until January 1, 1903. At that period he moved 
to Hardoljih and engaged in the hardware, agri- 
cultural implement and lumber business in 
partnership with H. N. Jackson. This partner- 
ship continued until September, 1904, when Mr. 
.lackson sold his interest to t'rank Bethel, who 
has an equal share in the concern. It is the 
only firm of its kind in Bardolph, and does a 
good btisiness. Mr. Douglas ife a capable busi- 
ness man. and gives the affairs of the concern 
close attention. 

On February 24, 1897, Mr. Douglas was mar- 
ried to AUie Parvin. who was born and schooled 
in Bardolph. Politically, Mr. Douglas is a 
follower of the Republican party. Fraternally, 
he is aifllated with the I. O. O. t.. .M. W. .A.. K. 
of P. and A. K. & A. .M. 

DUDMAN, Thomas Jefferson, editor and pro- 
prietor of the "Macomb (III.) Eagle," and for 
more than twenty-five years one of the most 
prominent and influential citizens of .Macomb, 
was born in the, vicinity of Chili. Hanc{>ck 



8r38 



HISTORY OF McDOXOUGH COUNTY. 



County. 111., Septeaiber 19. 18.50, a son of 
Robert .Jackson and Phoebe (Mills) Dudman, 
natives of Kentucky and Pennsylvania, respect- 
ively. Mr. Dudman was reared on the paternal 
farm in Hancock County, and in boyhood .at- 
tended the district schools in the neighborhood 
of his home. He was afterward, for two years, 
a pupil in the high school at Bowen, 111., and 
subsequently pursued a course of study at 
Carthage, Mo., where he completed his educa- 
tion. After graduating there he applied him- 
self to teaching, and followed this occupation 
in the latter State and in Illinois for a number 
of years. In 1S79 Mr. Dudman moved to Mc- 
Donough County, and was made Principal of 
the Colchester public schools. After remaining 
in this connection one year, he was tendered 
the principalship of the schools in Industry. 
III., which he accepted, and held until two 
years later, when he established his home in 
Macomb, and. in conjunction with Prof. M. 
Kennedy, became one of the heads of the 
Macomb Normal and Commercial College. 
While connected with that institution, he con- 
ducted the departments of science and mathe- 
matics. In the fall of 1881, Mr. Dudman was 
elected County Superintendent of Schools of 
McDonough County for a term of four years. 
and was re-elected in 1S85. On the expiration 
of his second term in this office, in 1890, he 
bought of Charles H. Whitaker the plant of 
the "Macomb Eagle," which the latter gentle- 
man had owned and operated for the preceding 
twenty-five years. This connection Mr. Dud- 
man still maintains, and has made the paper a 
medium of potent and wholesome influence in 
the affairs of McDonough County, and the in- 
terests of the surrounding country. 

On October 22, 1S74. Mr. Dudman was wedded 
to Marietta Landson, of Augusta. III., who was 
born in Adams County, 111., May 24. lS5t>. Seven 
children were the offspring of this union, of 
whom one died in infancy. Politically. Mr. 
Dudman has always been an unswerving ad- 
herent of the Democratic party. In fraternal 
circles, he is identified with the A. F. & A. M. 
and the M. W. A. His career as a successful 
educator and public official, and his able and 
efficient work in connection with the "Macomb 
Eagle" have won for him a high reputation and 
a wide circle of friends, and he is regarded as 
one of the leading citizens of McDonough 
County. 



DUNCAN, Benjamin F., M. D., a well-known 
Ijhysican and surgeon, who is engaged in the 
|)ractice of his profession in Blandinsville, Mc- 
Donough County, 111., was born in Blandins- 
ville Township, July 15, 1841, a son of John 
and Margaret (Wright) Duncan, natives of the 
State of Tennessee. John Duncan was a farmer 
by occupation, and came from Tennessee to 
Illinois and located in McDonough County in 
1836. In that year he bought 160 acres of land 
three and a half miles northwest of Blandins- 
ville. and subsequently, IfiO acres more, five 
miles northeast of town. 

B. F. Duncan is one of a family of eleven 
children, three of whom are still living. He 
was reared on his father's farm and in boy- 
hood enjoyed only the educational advantages 
afforded by the public schools in his vicinity. 
After reaching years of maturity he taught 
school for a number of years in Henderson, 
Hancock, Warren and McDonough Counties. 
He then pursued a course of medical study at 
Keokuk. Iowa, and in 1.884, was graduated from 
the Keokuk College of Physicians and Surgeons. 
He at once opened an office in Blandinsville, 
where he has since practiced. Professionally 
and personally he enjoys the conndence of all 
who know him. and the number of his patrons 
is large. 

On October 29. 1808. Dr. Duncan was mar- 
ried to Fannie A. Sweasy, a native of Kentucky, 
and one child, Marion E.. is the offspring of 
their union. Politically, the Doctor espouses 
the cause of the Democratic party. Religiously, 
he is connected with the Christian Church, and 
fraternally is a member of Blandinsville Lodge 
N'o. 233 A. F. & .\. M.. Blandinsville Chapter 
208: also of I. O. O. F. 

DURFLINGER, Joseph T., a successful farmer 
of Colchester Township. McDonough County, 
III., was born in Pickaway County, Ohio, June 
2fi. 1846. a son of Jacob and Mary (McAllister) 
Durflinger. both natives of Ohio. The maternal 
grandfather was John McAllister. Jacob Dur- 
flinger came to McDonough County in 1851. and 
bought eighty acres of land in Section 36, Col- 
chester Township, upon which he settled but 
died in 1855, all of the family dying the same 
year except his widow, one daughter and the 
subject of this sketch. All are now deceased 
save Joseph T. 

Joseph T. Durflinger. who is the second of a 



HISTORY OF McDON(3UGH COUNTY. 



869 



family of nine children — five of whom were 
boys — attended the district school in boyhood, 
and grew up to manhood on the paternal farm, 
of which he eventually became the owner. His 
main crop is hay, raised for feeding cattle, 
horses and other stock. The farm now con- 
sists of 208 acres. 

On March 27, 1873, Mr. Uurllinger was mar- 
ried to Angelina Clayton, who was born and 
schooled in McDonough County. In religious 
belief, he is a Presbyterian, and politically, 
usually ignores party lines and pursues an in- 
dependent course. 

EADS, Albert, President of the Union Na- 
tional Hank, of Macomb, McDonou?h County, 
111., and one of the ablest financiers in this sec- 
tion of the State, was born in Knoxville, 111., 
April 23. 1S42. He is a son of John and 
Margaret (.Anderson) Eads, natives of Ken- 
tucky and North Carolina, respectively. When 
Albert Eads was three years old he was left 
without a mother and was reared in the family 
of his grandfather, in Morgan County, III., until 
he reached tne age of twelve years. He at- 
tended school at Knoxville, 111., where he re- 
mained with his father until 1861. He spent 
one year (1859-6(1) in school at East Hampton, 
Mass. On .he outbreak of the Civil War he 
enlisted in Company C, Fifty-first Regiment 
Illinois Volunteer Infantry, of which he was 
made Second Lieutenant, and promoted to First 
Lieutenant before reaching !his twenty-first 
birthday, and thus served until .January 14. 
1865. In February. 1864. having suffered severe 
injuries from a fall, he had been detailed as 
military conductor between Nashville, Tenn.. 
and Huntsville, Ala. While in the performance 
of his duty he was taken prisoner, in Septem- 
ber. 1864. by Gen. ,J. B. Forrest, and in the fol- 
lowing November was exchanged. During the 
battle of Stone River, on .lanuary 1, 1865, 
Lieutenant Eads, with his Second-Lieutenant 
and sixteen men from Company C, Fifty-first 
Illinois \^)lunteers, captured a Confederate ofti- 
cer and eighty-five men, and, on .Tune 24. 1904, 
had the privilege of returning to his former 
pri.soner the sword which he had captured 
forty-one and a half years previously. In the 
meantime these two representatives of "the 
Blue" and "the Gray" had been in occasional 
correspondence with each other, and. in .No- 
vember, 1906. Mr. Eads visited his former foe 
at the home of the latter in Mississippi. 



Resigning his commission on January 14. 
1865, Mr. Eads returned to Knoxville, 111., and 
in the fall of that year went to New York, 
where he pursued a course of study in East- 
man's Business College. During 1 86(1-6" he 
was engaged in mercantile pursuits in To|)eka. 
Kans., and in 1868 came to Macomb, 111., where 
he conducted a dry-goods store two years. For 
the next few years he applied himself to farm- 
ing in the vicinity of Macomb. In January, 
1876, he entered the Union National Hank of 
Macomb as bookkeeper, was subsequently pro- 
moted to the position of Cashier and ultimately 
became President of the bank, an advancement 
Wihich signally attests his sterling character- 
istics. He is also President of the National 
Bank of Colchester, and the Bank of Industry. 
Mr. Eads was one of the leading spirits in 
the movements to secure the location of the 
Illinois State Normal School in Macomb, liber- 
ally contributing both of his time and money 
for this purpose. When this institution was 
overcrowded, in 1904, an appropriation for its 
enlargement was passed by the State Legisla- 
ture. This was vetoed by trte Governor, and 
Mr. Eads, together with other public-spirited 
citizens, came to the rescue of the project with 
personal contributions, he himself donating 
$1,000. which, with subscriptions from other 
sources, resulted in the addition of six sijaciojs 
rooms to the school. 

On January 28. 1868, Mr. Eads was united in 
marriage with Mary C. Tinsley, a daughter of 
Nathanial P. Tinsley. whose biographical rec- 
ord may be found elsewhere in this volume. 
Two daughters have resulted from this union: 
Eleanor Eads. wife of James W. Bailey, who 
is in the banking business in Macomb; and 
Margaret Tinsley, who died at the age of four 
years and eight months. On political issues 
Mr. Eads was identified with the Democratic 
party until the caniiiaign of 1896, since then 
having voted the Re|)ublican ticket, although he 
has never consented to become a candidate 
for public office. His religious connection is 
with the Presbyterian Church. Fraternally, he 
is a Royal Arch Mason, and served as Master 
of the Blue I.«dge for eleven consecutive years 
— is a member of Macomb l>odge No. 17, A. F. 
& A. M.. Morse Chapter No. 19, and Macomb 
Commandery No. 61. He is a thirty-second 
degree Mason of the Quincy (111.) Consistory, 
and belongs to the Veteran Masonic Associa- 



8/0 



HISTORY OF Mcdonough county. 



tion of Chicago, of which Venerable Veteran 
John C. Smith, one of the best-informed and 
most widely traveled Masons in the United 
States, is the founder and President. Mr. 
Kads has been for some time a Trustee of 
the Masonic Lodge of Macomb, in which he has 
been one of the leading spirits: is also affiliated 
with the Medinah Temple of the Mystic Shrin- 
ers of Chicago, and is a member of McDonough 
Post No. 103, G. A. R., and of the Illinois Com- 
mandery Loyal Legion. 

EAKLE, George, one of the most prosperous 
farmers in McDonough County, 111., who is lo- 
cated in Tennessee Township, that county, was 
born January 10, 1840, in Ross County, Ohio. 
His father, John B. Eakle, was born in Au- 
gusta County, Va., and his mother, Mary A. 
(Hire) Eakle, was a native of Ross County, 
Ohio. The grandfathers, John B. Eakle and 
George Hire, were natives, respectively, of 
Germany and the State of Virginia. Grand- 
father Hire was one of the earliest settlers in 
Hire Township, McDonough County, which was 
named after him. John B. Eakle, the father ol 
the subject of this sketch, came to Tennessee 
Township with his family, in the fall of 1851. 
and purchased land from time to time until he 
was the owner of about 700 acres, mostly in 
Hire Township. On this he was extensively 
engaged in farming until his death, on May 
28, 1892. He wife died December 29, 189(1. 

George Eakle is the eldest of ten children 
born to his parents — six boys and four girls. 
He obtained his early mental instruction in the 
public schools of the neighborhood, and re- 
mained at home until the death of his father. 
Previous to this, he had, however, bought 
ninety-nine acres of land in Tennessee Town- 
ship. After his father's death Mr. Eakle 
securea ninety-four acres in Hire Townshii). 
and subsequently eighty-one acres more. His 
home is in Tennessee Township, where he is 
engaged in general farming and stock-raising. 
and is regarded as a thorough and successful 
farmer and an intelligent and useful member of 
the community. The political views of the sub- 
ject of this sketch are in harmony with the 
principles of the Republican party. 

EASLEY, Mark B. — So earnest and painstak- 
ing an exponent of scientific farming as Mark 
B. Easley could find no more satisfying place 
upon which to pursue his chosen occupation 



than his farm of 1ST acres, forty-six acres of 
which reach /rom McDonough over into Schuy- 
ler County. Since falling into the hands of 
its present owner in 1891, this property has 
taken on a modern and progressive aspect, in 
its improvements and general equipment com- 
paring favorably with any other farm in the 
township. Mr. Easley is engaged in general 
farming and stock-raising, and, while the prac- 
tical and money-making impression is not want- 
ing, a regard for the comforts and refinements 
of life are to be found on every hand. The 
experiences of Mr. Easley have been of a more 
varied nature than falls to the lot of the aver- 
age farmer; yet agriculture has never ceased 
to be his first choice as a field of labor. Born 
in Farmer Township, Fulton County, 111., July 
24, 1844, he is of Southern ancestry, his father, 
Thomas, and his grandfather, Daniel Easley, 
both having been born in Delaware. His 
mother, Lydia (Buck) Easley, was born in Ohio, 
but her parents, Nathaniel and Nancy Buck, 
were natives of Delaware. Thomas Easley 
moved at an early day to what now is Ipava, 
Fulton County. 111., but which then was known 
as either Easleyville or Easleyburg. He later 
moved to a farm in the same county, and died 
there in 1S.50, his wife surviving him until 
1S94, her death occurring at the home of her 
daughter in Vermont, Fulton County. She had 
three daughters older and three sons younger 
than Mark B. 

The tragedy of the Civil War presented an 
opportunity for self-denial of which Mark B. 
Easley readily took advantage. He then was 
a large-hearted boy of seventeen, with a fair 
common school education, and practical expe- 
rience as an assistant farmer. Enlisting in 
Company D, Eighty-fourth Illinois Volunteer 
Infantry, he served in the Army of the Cum- 
berland until the battle of Chickamauga, when 
the army was reorganized and he was changed 
from the Twenty-first to the Fourth Army 
Corps. He participated in many of the impor- 
tant engagements of the war, spending most 
of his time in Tennessee, Georgia and Ala- 
bama. Though wounded in the leg by a gun- 
shot, he was never absent from his post of 
duty. January 26, 1S6.3. he was taken prisoner, 
but soon after was paroled and returned to St. 
Louis. The following .\pril he rejoined his reg- 
iment and served until his honorable discharge 
at the end of the war. 

Then returning to his home in Fulton County, 




DARIUS JONES 



HISTORY OF .McDOXOL'GH COL■^"T^^ 



Mr. Easley was niarried, Xovember 25, lS6f>, 
to Sarah Jane Chii)man, a native of Oakland 
Township. Sctuiyler County. 111. Of this union 
the following named children have been born: 
Henry: Emma, wife of Amos France; Ida: 
Kred: Charles; Phoebe; Luther; Gale, and 
Ralph. The parents of Mrs. Easley, Levi and 
Delilah (Cook) Chipnian. who were natives of 
Delaware, came to Schuyler County. 111., in 1S4-I. 
and there spent the remainder of their 'ives. 
dyin.2; on the home farm. In 1S6S Mr. Easley 
went to Kansas and engaged in farming with 
indifferent success for six years. He then re- 
turned to Illinois, and locating in Schuyler 
County, there operated a saw-mill for thirteen 
years, but in 1891. as heretofore stated, pur- 
chasing his present farm on the border of Mc- 
Dcnough and Schuyler Counties. Since ca.sting 
his first vote iie has stood stanchly on the side 
of Republicanism, although the honors nf of- 
fice have never seemed worth striving for. . He 
is an active and helpful member of the Meth- 
odist Episcopal Church, and is a familiar ligure 
at encampments of the Grand Army of the 
Republic. 

EDIE, Aleck, who is successfully engaged in 
farming in Walnut Grove Township. Mc- 
Donough County. 111., was born on the farm 
where he now lives, in 1871. His father, William 
Kdie. was a native of what is now West Vir- 
ginia, and his mother, Evelyn (Harris) Edie, 
of Ohio. .About the year ISKo, William Edie 
came to .McDonough County and purchased a 
farm in Section 8. Walnut Grove Township. 
He continued buying until he had obtained 
440 acres of land on a portion of which 
(280 acres) he followed farming until his 
death in 1899. He served as County Surveyor 
for a number of years. 

Aleck Kdie was reared on the home farm, 
and. in his early manhood, pursued a course 
of study in Bushnell College. On the death of 
his father. Mr. Edie assumed charge of- the 
homestead property, which since has been under 
his management. He makes a specialty of rais- 
ing full-blooded Shorthorn cattle and blooded 
horses, and has met with success in this line. 

ELLIS, Amos S., a well-known grain mer- 
chant of Industry, McDonough County. 111., was 
bom in Tazewell County, III., Xovember 20. 
1858, a son of Roland and Frances (Hodgson) 



Ellis, his father having been born in the vicin- 
ity of Logan.sport. Ind.. and his mother in that 
State. Mrs. Frances Elis's father. James 
Hodgson, was a native of England, and her 
mother. Delilah (Payne) Hodgson, was born 
in Indiana. Roland Ellis brought his family 
to Tazewell County in l.s.5(>, and settled on a 
farm. 

Amos S. Ellis is the third of a family of 
seven children. He remained at home until 
he was twenty-one years old. attending school 
at intervals, and then farmed on his own ac- 
count near home for nine years. He next went 
to Vermilion County, III., and bought a farm 
which he disposed of after a short time, and 
moved to Schuyler County, where he staid one 
year. In the si)ring of 1890 he came to In- 
dustry Township and bought a farm of eighty- 
two acres, on which he lived until 1897. He 
tnen moved to Rushville, III., where fae con- 
ducted a livery and sales barn, and dealt in 
mules and horses for two years. Afterwa- d he 
spent some time in Industry, and then returned 
to his work at the Riishville livery barn, to 
which he devoted his attention for one year. 
Subsequently, he s|)ent two years on his farm 
in Industry Township, and in April, 1903, moved 
to the village of Industry, where he has since 
been engaged in buying grain, horses and 
mules. 

Mr. Ellis was married December 19. 1884, to 
Ella Payne, who was born in Schuyler County, 
111., and there attended the district schools. 
Two children. Forrest and Nettie, have re- 
sulted from this union. In i)()litics. Mr. Ellis 
is a Democrat. He has served as Township 
Assessor three terms. In the spring of 1902 he 
was elected Supervisor, and was re-elected in 
the spring of 1904. In these offices he has ren- 
dered efficient service, and is popular with his 
constituents. Fraternally. Mr. Ellis belongs to 
the S. of A.. M. W. A., and 1. O. O. F. 

ELLIS, John F., a prosperous farmer and 
stock-raiser of Macomb Township. McDonough 
County. III., was born in Fulton County. III., 
May 28. 18.57, a son of ,Iames and Margaret 
(Walker) Ellis, natives of Ireland. His grand- 
fathers. James Ellis and John Walker, were 
also natives of the Emerald Isle. John F. Ellis 
was the youngest boy in a family oi four boys 
and four girls. His parents moved to Chalmers 
Township. McDonough County, when he was 



872 



HISTORY OF Mcdonough county. 



three years old. He stayed at home until he 
was twenty-tour years old, during which period 
he attended public school and assisted in ttie 
work of the farm. He began housekeeping in 
the vicinity of the homestead on a farm of 
sixty acres, where he remained one year, after 
which he spent a year on a farm in Hancock 
Coimty, 111. He next moved to Scotland Town- 
ship, McDonough County, where he lived three 
years on rented land, and moved thence to 
the home farm, which he rented for five years. 
In the spring of 1893 he bought eighty acres of 
land in Section 20, Macomb Township, three 
miles northeast of Macomb. Here he has made 
all the principal improvements, and set out 500 
apple trees, 200 peach trees and 35 cherry 
trees. 

On April 5, 18S1, Mr. iCllis was married to 
Mary E. Andrews, who was born and schooled 
in McDonough County. Five children have re- 
sulted from this union, namely: Mettle (Mrs. 
A. W. Hamilton); Anna (Mrs. A. \\ . Ford), of 
Scottsburg, 111.; Luther, Flora, and James Ros- 
coe. The religious belief of Mr. Ellis is that of 
the Presbyterian Church. Politically, he is a 
Republican, has been his party's candidate for 
Supervisor, and served as School Director sev- 
eral years. He is District Clerk of District Xo. 
C4, Macomb Township. Fraternally, he is iden- 
tified with the order of Mystic Workers. 

ELLISON, James Oscar.— ■'^mong the most en- 
terprising and successful farmers of Macomb 
Township, McDonough County, 111., is James O. 
Ellison, born in Adams County, Ohio, November 
27, 1858, a son of Robert E. and Ann (Work) 
Ellison, natives, respectively, of Adams County, 
Ohio, and Washington County, Pa. Robert 
Ellison, his grandfather, was born in County 
Tyrone. Ireland, as was also his great-grandfa- 
ther, Thomas Ellison. His grandmother, Ebby 
(Lockhart) Ellison, was born in Scotland. On 
the maternal side, the grandparents, John and 
Peggy M. (Chisley) Work, were natives of 
Washington County, Pa. Robert E. Ellison, the 
father of James O., came with his parents to 
McDonough County, October 3, 1866, and set- 
tled in Macomb Township, where, on February 
8. ISfiT. he bought a farm of 120 acres in Sec- 
tions 22 and 27, on which he spent the re- 
mainder of his life, engaged in general farming, 
dying September 13, 1894. 



James O. Ellison came to Macomb Township 
with his parents when he was eight years old, 
and received his early education in the com- 
mon schools in that neighbornood. remaining 
on the home farm until February 17, 1890. After 
the death of his parents he bought a portion of 
the farm, and subsequently purchased more 
land, until he now owns 120 acres in Section 
27, and eighty acres in Section 32, on which he 
lived until December 11, 1902. At that period 
he bought a residence on West Carroll Street, 
Macomb, which is now his home. He still car- 
ries on general farming, and raises Polled- 
Angus cattle and road-horses. 

On February 24, 1892, Mr. Ellison was mar- 
ried to Alice Peters, who was born and schooled 
in Lawrence County, Ohio. Two children have 
resulted from this union: A. Louise, born May 
15. 1893; and Alice P., born -May 6, 1895. Mrs. 
Ellison Is a daughter of Isaac and Adeline 
(Didwit) Peters, natives, respectively, of Penn- 
sylvania and Ohio. Mr. Ellison's sister, Martha 
Jane, died January 8, 1896, and another sister, 
Elizabeth L. Peters, January 24, 1898. His 
brother, John, lives in Montgomery Co.inty, 
Kans. In politics, Mr. Ellison is a supporter of 
the Republican party. 

ELTING, John, one of the pioneers of Illinois, 
was born in Dutchess County, New York, April 
14, 1791, and was a son of Abraham and 
Arrlaantje (Van Deusen) Eltinge, of Claverack, 
N. Y., and Is a lineal descendant of Jan 
and Jacorayntje Cornelise (Slegt) Eltinge. 
natives of Swichterljer. a dependency of Beyle 
in the Province of Drenthe, Holland. They 
came to America about the middle of the 
seventeenth century, and settled on the Hudson 
River near New York. 

John Elting was married to Margaretta Jones 
March 14, 1S13. Their children are Philip 
Henry. Charles C, Angelica S., Elizabeth C, 
and Harriet A. His father served as a soldier 
in the War of the Revolution, and his brother 
Robert was a Major-General in the War of 1812. 
He was a merchant In the city of New York, 
the old homestead being In Dutchess County, 
New York. In 1840 he emigrated westward, 
locating In Quincy, III., and afterwards re- 
moved to Peoria. 111., engaging in the mer- 
cantile and real-estate business, where he made 
his home until his death which occurred March 




MRS. DARIUS JONES 



HISTORY OF McDONOL'GH COUNTY. 



873 



21, 1861. He was held in high esteem by all 
who knew him. and was a man of great wealth 
and high social position. 

ELTING, Philip Edward, is one of the most 
prominent attorne.vs in the State, and aMc- 
Donough County has no more highly respected 
citizen. He is prominently identified with all 
that pertains to the upbuilding of Macomb and 
with its leading industries. 

He was born on a farm in Emmet Tow-nship. 
McDonough County. .January 23. 1862, and is a 
son of Philip H. and Margaret Elting. His 
father was born in New York, and was a son 
of .lohn and .Margaret Elting. The mother of 
our sub.lect was born in Enniskillen, County of 
Fermanagh, Ireland, and is now in her eighty- 
fifth year. The father died when the son was 
only fourteen years of age. 

Philip E. Elting spent his childhood and 
youth upon his father's farm about six miles 
from Macomb. His early education was ac- 
quired in the common schools, and by careful 
application he laid a good foundation for the 
superstructure of a useful life. Later he 
pursued a three years" course in a college from 
which he graduated. Returning to the farm, he 
gave attention to farming until 1SS9, when, 
following the instincts of his nature, he began 
reading law in the office of Sherman & Tunni- 
cliff under the tutelage of Lieutenant-Gov- 
ernor L. Y. Sherman, one of the ablest lawyers 
of the bar of .McDonough County. He after- 
wards entered the Law Department of the 
.\orthwestem University at Chicago, from 
which he graduated with the class of '92, at 
which time the degree of Bachelor of Laws was 
conferred upon him by that institution. He 
was admitted to the bar, and since that time 
has been successfully engaged in the practice 
of the law in Macomb, 111, He is ambitious, 
enterprising and progressive, and has a bright 
future before him. 

•Mr. Elting is a member of the .Methodist 
Episcopal Church, a firm believer in the divine 
revelation as the basis of human laws. He 
does not hesitate to e.xpress his views fearlessly 
and intelligently upon disputed points. He has 
the confidence of his religious acquaintances 
without re.gard to creed. 

As a lawyer, he ranks among the best in the 
country, is strictly professional in his practice, 
and has the entire confidence of the bar 
17 



wherever he is known. .'\s a citizen, no one is 
held in higher esteem. His advice and counsel 
are sought by all classes, because they know 
that any advice given by him will come from 
an honest heart, and that their confidence will 
never be betrayed. Fraternally, Mr. Elting is 
a member of the A. F. & A. M.. the Knights of 
Pythias, the Independent Order of Odd Fellows, 
and the Improved Order of .Red Men. In his 
IKilitical views, he is a Republican. 

ELTING, Philip Henry, was born in Dutchess 
County, New York, February 14, 1S14. 'After 
graduating from college, he acted for a time as 
bookkeeper in his father's store in Kinder- 
hook, New Y'ork, and at the age of twenty came 
west to look after his father's landed interests 
in McDonough County. Philip H. Elting was a 
farmer, and was successful. He was married 
January 24. 1834, to Margaret, daughter of 
Francis .McSperritt and .Mary (Campbell) .Mc- 
Sperritt. who came to .McDonough County in 
1S37. They were the parents of twelve chil- 
dren, eight of whom are now .iving. They are; 
Charles M., Levi .1., Harriet -Anna Keener, 
James, Katherine C, Eleanor M., Gumbert, 
Philip Edward, and Henry Lincoln. The de- 
ceased children are John. .Mary E.. Margaret A., 
and Francis R. 

Mr. Elting was one of the pioneers of Illi- 
nois, and was greatly interested in the affairs 
of McDonough County, and was held in a very 
high regard by all who knew him. He died 
July 22, 1876. His widow still survives', and 
lives in Macomb. III. 

EMORY, Warhum R., a w'ell-known and suc- 
cessful mercliant. residing and doing business 
in Prairie City, McDonou.gh County, 111., was 
born in Rind.ge, N. H., .March 17, 1X4.^, and re- 
ceived his early education in the public schools 
of his neighborhood. He is a son of Francis T. 
Emory, who was born in the same town in 
1811. His mother, Mary (Smith) Emory, w-as a 
native of West Boylston. Mass. Francis T. 
Emory, who pursued the vocation of a farmer 
in his native State of New Hamiishire, came to 
Illinois on December 9, 1S5,'), and proceeded 
direct to Prairie City. In this vicinity he 
located on a farm, and devoted himself to 
agricultural pursuits during the remainder of 
his life. He was a man of marked intelligence, 
strong character and strict probity, and 



874 



HISTORY OF Mcdonough county. 



through his energy, industry and thrift, at- 
tained success in all his undertakings. He 
died July 24, 1886. In March of the following 
year his widow also passed away. Two years 
ago Warhum R. Emory established himself in 
the grocery business, which he has since suc- 
cessfully conducted. By honest dealins; and 
close application to his affairs, he has gained 
the confidence and respect of his patrons. The 
subject of this sketch was united in marria,ge 
with May C. Florence, a native of Prairie 
City, February 22, 1S8S. In political affairs, 
Mr. Emory is in full accord with the Republican 
party, he has served as School Trustee a num- 
ber of years and was elected Supervisor In 
April, 1900, continuing in the latter office until 
April. 1906, when he was beaten for re-election 
by only one vote. 

EMPEY, Richard I., a well-known dealer in 
groceries and meats in Macomb, was born 
in Stephenson County, 111., March 4, 1868, and 
there received a common school education. He 
is a son of Lafayette and Rachel A. (Holley) 
Empey, the former a native of Oneida County. 
N. Y., and the latter born in New Jersey. The 
grandparents on the paternal side were Rich- 
ard and Elima (Putnam) Empey, born, re- 
spectively, in Washington County, N. Y., and 
the State of Connecticut. His grandmother's 
great-grandfather, John Putnam, came from 
England in 1636. In the maternal line, the 
grandfather was Isaac Holley, a native of 
Connecticut. The grandmother, who was born 
In New Jersey, bore the maiden name of 
Kilgore. 

Mr. Empey was the eldest of four children. 
At the age of fourteen years he came to Bar- 
dolph, McDonough County, and when sixteen 
years old was employed in his father's grocery. 
In 1888 he went to Kansas City, Mo., where he 
worked in a grocery for one year. He then 
came to Macomb and was employed about four 
years in J. W. Wyne & Brother's dry-goods 
store, after which he worked a year in a gen- 
eral store at Bardolph. Returning to Macomb, 
he was employed in E. L. Allison's boot and 
shoe store about eleven years. November 1, 
1904, he and his brother-in-law, James E. Pel- 
ley, went into the grocery and meat business 
on the corner of Randolph and Carroll Streets. 
On February 1, 1907, he bought Mr. Pelley's 
interest and has since run the entire business. 



which has been a success from the start. In 
October, 1898, during the riots at Pana, 111., 
he was sworn in as First Lieutenant of Com- 
pany F, Sons of Veterans, which was made a 
part of the State Militia; he resigned In Feb- 
ruary, 1899, 

Mr. Empey was married September 19, 1891, 
to Rosa Pelley, who was born and schooled in 
McDonough County. Politically, Mr. Empey Is 
a Democrat, and fraternalb', belongs to va- 
rious branches of the Masonic Order and the 
M. W. A. He is an active and useful member 
of the Presbyterian Church in Macomb, in 
which he has been a deacon since October, 
1904, being Chairman of the Board of Deacons 
at the present time. He was an elder in the 
Bardolph Presbyterian Church, and served as 
Superintendent of its Sunday school for two 
years. For six years he has been a Sunday- 
school teacher in Macomb. Mr. Empey Is a 
man of high character. His strict probity in- 
spires general confidence, and he enjojs the 
cordial regard of all who know him. 

ERVIN, N. H., who is successfully engaged 
in the furniture and undertaking business in 
Bushnell, McDonough County, HI., was born in 
La Salle County, near Wenona, III., in 1875, 
and after attending public school received his 
further education at Knox College, Galesburg, 
111., from which he graduated in 1894. Mr. 
Ervin came to Bushnell to live in 1900, pur- 
chasing the business interests of A. C. Kynett. 
To this stock he added, from time to time 
as his sales increased, until he now conducts 
one of the largest and most complete undertak- 
ing and furniture establishments in the coun- 
ty. His business transactions reach the sum 
of $] 0.000 per year, and are constantly increas- 
ing in amount. He has displayed much ability 
in thus developing his trade, and bestows the 
closest attention on the operation of the store. 
This prosperous condition of affairs is the 
natural result of these causes. Mr. Ervin pur- 
sued a course of study in embalming, at Peoria, 
and also attended Brown's Business College 
at Galesburg, 111. He is a licensed embalmer, 
having a certificate attesting his competency. 
The subject of this sketch was married in 
1902 to Lulu Hicks, who was born in Bushnell, 
HI., in 187.5. Fraternally, he is connected with 
the Knights of Pythias, D. O. K. K. and Sons 
of Veterans at Galesburg, HI. 



HISTORY OF iMcDONOL'GH COUNTY. 



875 



ERVIN, William James (deceased), for many 
yeais 0110 of thr niosl prominent and substaa- 
lial nieifhants of Macomb. 111., was born in 
Rookingbam County, Va., February 27, 1820, 
and died in Macomb, November 15, 1890. His 
father was a plantation owner, and owned 
slaves. In boyhood he received his mental 
traininR in the district schools, and at an early 
period in life, journeyetf from Virginia to Illi- 
nois and started a dry-goods store in Macomb. 
In this line be was quite successful, and through 
diligence, sound judgment and strict integrity, 
built up, in course of time, a large business 
concern. In 1862, having sold his dry-goods 
store, he enlisted in the Eighty-fourth Regi- 
ment Illinois Volunteer Infantry and was com- 
missioned as Captain of Company C, which he 
assisted in organizing, later being brevetted as 
Major for gallant service. He participated in 
all the engagements in which his regiment took 
part, being finally mustered out in 1S6,5. Re- 
turning to Macomb he was later elected Coun- 
ty Clerk, serving for a term of four years, 
when he bought a farm of 160 acres in Scotland 
Townshij). which he rented for two years. 
In 1871, having sold his farm, he en.gaged in 
the drug business in com|)auy with his son, 
under the firm name of Ervin & Son. with 
which he continued to be connected until his 
death in 1890. 

Mr. Ervin was united in marriage, at Rush- 
villt". III., on April 19, 1849, with Mary Mc- 
Crosky, who was the eldest of a family of six 
girls and two boys. To Mr. and Mrs. Ervin 
were born three children, namely: Ella Lamp- 
ton. Sarah Alice (Mrs. Wyne', and .lames M. 
The latter is now engaged as successor in the 
drug business established by his father. 

Politically, the subject of this memoir was a 
zealous and active Republican. In his reli- 
gious views, he was inclined toward the Pres- 
byterian denomination, although not a member 
of the church. Fraternally, he was affiliated 
with the A. F. & A. M., being a Royal Arch 
Mason. Mr. Ervin was a man of unblemished 
reputation, straight-forward and thoroughly re- 
liable in his business transactions, and promi- 
nent in all movements for the public welfare. 
He was greatly respected by all who knew him, 
and his death was deeply lamented. 

EVERLY, Jonas W.— N'o more encouraging 
example of self-earned success is available in 



McI>)nough County than that presented in the 
career of .Jonas \V. Everly, owner of about 1,340 
acres of the most desirable land in the State 
of Illinois, and whose home place, in Section 
s. New Salem Township, is unsurpassed in its 
fulfillment of all that constitutes the best to 
be found in rural life and labor. Mr. Everly's 
rise has been through struggles and difficulties, 
for in youth his advanta.ges were no better 
than those of the average farmer lad, who, a.s 
one of a large family, is obliged to shift early 
for himself and weave his web of life out of 
materials in no way rare or exceptional. It is 
in the wise application of useful and depend- 
able qualities that this large landowner has 
forged to the front, leaving in the background 
of lesser ambitions and acconiplishnients those 
lacking in his force and perseverance. 

Born September 11, 1834, in Carroll County, 
Md., Mr. Everly is descended on both sides of 
his family from very early settlers of the State 
around which clings so much of the romance 
and chivalry of the Southland. His father, 
George Everly, was horn in Carroll County. 
June 28, 1810, a son of David and Elizabeth 
(Rinehart) Everly, natives also of Maryland, 
and of whom the former was born September 
26, 1781, and died February 2, 186»;, and the 
latter, born in 1790, died October 8, 1871. 
George Everly, whose active life was devoted 
to milling and farming, married, March 22, 
1832, Anna Mary Hesson, who was born in Car-- 
roll County, October 19, 1813, a daughter of 
Peter and Magdalena (Hulll Hesson. of whom 
the former was born in Carroll County, August 
3, 1782. and died December 18, 1856. while the 
latter, born September 12. 1780, died in Mary- 
land, .lanuary 14, 1860. George Everly was the 
shifter of the family fortunes from Maryland 
to the wilds of Illinois, which he reached after 
an overland journey in 1837, living, until 1857. 
in Deerfield Township. Fulton County, and 
after that occupying a farm in Lee Township, 
the same county, where his death occurred 
June 2, 1873, his wife surviving him until Au- 
gust 9, 1889. George and Anna Everly had six 
children: Noah H., born February 3, 1833: 
Jonas W., horn September 11, 1834; John S., 
born Febniary 5, 1836; George V., born April 
22, 1838, died in Texas in .\ugust, 1894: Anna 
Mary, born October 6, 1842. died in Illinois in 
October, 1843; and Levi D., born Februarj' 4, 
1845, died in this State April 27, 1867. 



876 



HISTORY OF Mcdonough county. 



Jonas \V. Everly helped to till the soil of both 
of his father's Fulton County farms, and re- 
mained on the one in Lee Township until well 
on in bachelorhood, or until his marriage. Feb- 
ruary 24, 1S67, to Anna C. Zimmerman. Mrs. 
Everly was born in York County, Pa., Decem- 
ber 24, 1840, and was one of the thirteen 
children of George and Mary Ann (Cooper) 
Zimmerman, six of whose children are still 
living. George Zimmerman was born in Carroll 
County, Md., June 29, 1807, and in early life 
learned the miller's trade, which he followed 
in Carroll County a couple of years. He then 
journeyed to Ohio in search of a desirable 
permanent location, but not finding things to 
his liking, moved to York County, Pa., where 
he bought a farm and married Mary Ann 
Cooper, who was born in that county Decem- 
ber 24, 1S40, and died in July. 1SK4. In 1S44 
Mr. Zimmerman brought his family to Deer- 
field Township, Fulton County, where he died 
March IG, 1SS2, at the age of seventy-five years. 
To Mr. and Mrs. Everly have been born four 
children: Mary Jane, born July 19, 1868; R. 
Ellen, born August 23, 1870; Ida Mathilda, born 
November 18, 1872. and George Washington. 
born September 3, 187B. 

At the time of his marriage Mr. Everly was 
able to take his wife to a farm of eighty acres 
in Lee Township for which he had paid with 
earnings saved while on the home place. 
Through industry of the husband and frugality 
of the wife resulted constant additions to their 
little store, and in time Mr. Everly added to 
his land until he owned 760 acres in Fulton 
County. In 1901 he left this farm and came to 
his present home in New Salem Township, the 
following year disposing of 360 acres of his 
Fulton County property, though still retaining 
there 400 acres. His home farm consists of 
487 acres, and it would be difficult to find a 
more beautiful or productive estate. The large 
modern home is furnished with taste and 
elegance, and the roomy and substantially con- 
structed barn would be considered a worthy 
habitation by the average ruralite. On every 
hand are evidences that aesthetic tastes of 
the owner are not drowned in his pursuit of 
wealth, for money has not been spared in pro- 
ducing landscape effects which delight the eye 
and minister to the most refined sensibilities. 
Cement waiks have been laid through the 
grounds and leading to the house, and the lawn. 



which covers four aci-es, is improved with a 
variety of shade trees, shrubs and floral decor- 
ations. Thus have the years brought not only 
success as viewed from the standpoint of the 
financier, but an environment which is a pleas- 
ure and inspiration. In addition to the Fulton 
and McDonough County farms already noted, 
Mr. Everly owns a 160-acre tract in Section 7, 
New Salem Township, and 275 acres near 
Mount Union, Iowa, the railroad station for 
that place being located near his land. 

.Mr. Everly is a Democrat in politics, and no 
one familiar with his strenuous and well direct- 
ed life, will doubt the truth of his statement 
that he has been too busy to hold office. From 
the small beginnings of his life he has brought, 
unchanged, to this later and prosperous stage 
wholesome and temperate ideals, an intense 
interest in worth-while things, and a mind 
which appreciates material wealth in propor- 
tion as it tends to the well-being of both the 
community and the individual. 

EWING, John, who is living in comfortable 
and honored retirement in Macomb, 111., was 
born in Jefferson County. Ohio. December 12, 
1818, and there enjoyed the advantages of the 
primitive schools of that period. His father 
and mother, Thomas and Mary (Skales) Ewing, 
were natives of County Tyrone. Ireland. Mr. 
Ewing was brought up on a farm in Ohio, 
where he also learned the trade of a carpenter 
and cabinetmaker. He remained at home until 
he reached the age of twenty-six years, when 
he married and worked at cabinet-making for 
two years. He next bought a farm in Ohio, 
which he sold two years later and moved into 
town, doing carpenter work throughout Jeffer- 
son County. In 1853 he came to Schuyler 
County, 111., and purchased a tract of prairie 
land, which he improved, thereby accummulat- 
ing some means. At a later date he bought ad- 
ditional farm land, and at the time of his retire- 
ment from active efforts was the owner of 320 
acres. In 1891 he moved to Macomb, where he 
makes his home with his son, although he 
divides his time between this residence and 
that of his daughter in Pittsburg, Kans. 

The subject of this sketch was married in 
Januai-y, 1845. to Elizabeth Manley, who was 
born and schooled in Jefferson County. Ohio. 
The children resulting from this union were as 
follows: Alvin. deceased: Pardon, deceased: 




<Sd^/£S ^e^. 



IISTORV OF MtDONOL'GH COL'XTV. 



877 



Homer; Margaret A., who died at the age of 
seventeen years; and Mary Kninia (Mrs. Dr. 
.\. R. Clark), of Pittsburg. Kans. The mother 
of this family is deceased, her remains being 
buried at Littleton. Schuyler County. 111. In 
politics Mr. Ewing acts with the Democratic 
party. In 1869-71 he served a term in the 
Illinois State Legislature, as Representative 
from Schuyler County. His religious connect- 
ion is with the .Methodist hpiscopal Church. 
Mr. Kwing nas lived a long, industrious and 
honorable life, and in his declining years is 
regarded by all who know him with feeling of 
great respect and esteem. 

FELLHEIMER, Isaac M., Mayor of the City of 
.Macomb. 111., and one of its most |)rosperous 
merchants, was born in Chambersburg. Pa., 
.March 29. 1857. His father. .Marks Fellheimer. 
was born in Wurtemberg, Germany, and his 
mother. Ellen (Geisenburg) Fellheimer, was a 
native of Philadelphia. Pa. In girlhood the 
latter attended school in Eastern Pennsyl- 
vania. The i)aternal grand|)arents. Abraham 
and Rachel Fellheimer. came from Germany 
about the year 1S45. The family lived in 
Chambersburg from 18.'54 to 1865. and in Phila- 
delphia, from 1865 to 1882. ivlarks Fellheimer 
and family left Chambersburg during the Civil 
War. when his property was destroyed in a raid 
by the Confederates under General Early. 

In his boyhood. Isaac M. Fellheimer attended 
school in Chambersburg when there was an 
opijortunity. and he was afterward a pupil in 
the Philadelphia common schools. His first 
employment was as clerk in his father's store 
in that city. In 1871 he came west and, after 
spending two years in Macomb, went to Iowa 
and then returned to Macomb, where he has 
lived ever since. From 1874 to 1876 he was 
employed as a clerk by Jonas Strauss, and 
from 1876 to 1878. by Strauss & Wilson. In 
1879 he purchased the interest of Mr. Strauss, 
and succeeded to the interest of Mr. Wilson in 
1883. Mr. Fellheimer is connected with several 
of the principal industrial enterprises of 
Macomb, among which are the Gas and Electric 
Light Comjiany. both sewer i)ipe plants and the 
potteries. rie is also identified with the 
Macomb Huilding and Loan .\ssociation and is 
a stockholder in the Union National Bank. 

On March 15, 1882, in Macomb, Mr. Fell- 
heimer was united in marriage with Laura M. 



Mcintosh, a daughter of Joseph W. Mclntosli, 
and their union has resulted in two children, 
Joseph Wallace and Frank. In politics, Mr. 
Fellheimer is one of the influential leaders of 
the Republican party in McDonough County. 
He was elected Ma.vor of Macomb, in April, 
1905, and his administration of nuinicii)al af- 
fairs has thus far given eminent satisfaction. 
Fraternally, he is affiliated with Macoml) l/«lge 
No. 17. and Morse Chapter No. 19. A. F. & A. M., 
and Montrose Lodge, K. of P. He is also a mem- 
ber of the Business Men's Club. With no 
adventitious aids, relying solely upon his own 
natural resources, Mr. Fellheimer nas become 
one of the foremost merchants in this section 
of the State. His intelligence, energy and in- 
tegrity have enabled him, by diligent applica- 
tion to his aitairs. to acquire large business 
interests aside from his mercantile establish- 
ment, and his force of character, combined with 
personal i>opularity, have made him the munici- 
pal head of the city of his adootlon. 

FISHER, Archibald.— E.vcept on Sundays and 
holidays, the metallic bum of industry has been 
heard in the foundry of Archibald Fisher, at 
Macomb, ever since the establishment of the 
business in 1868. Thirty-seven years have 
brought about enlargement of its capacity, 
and resulted in a corresponding prestige among 
other concerns of the kind in the county, and 
it !s doubtful if any of the business landmarks 
of the town can lay claim to greater useful- 
ness, or pay more forceful tribute to the value 
of concentration, perseverance and expert 
workmanship. After various stages of special- 
izing, the foundry now manufactures castings 
for school furniture, and its products are sold 
over a large area of the central West. Where- 
as, the owner at first was gla<l of the help of one 
assistant, he now steadily employs fifty, and at 
certain seasons of the year is obliged to depend 
upon temporary reinforcements. 

Mr. Fisher, who is of Scotch-German descent, 
was born in Wheeling, W. Va., January 24, 1848, 
a son of John Fisher, and grandson of John 
Fisher, Sr., both natives of Scotland, the former 
born in Glasgow. His mother, whose maiden 
name was Susanna Trudley. was a native of 
Chester County. Pa., and daughter of Fred- 
erick Trudley, of Wurtemlnirg, Germany. .lohn 
Fisher. Jr.. worked in his father's publishing 
house in Glasgow for a few years, and while 



878 



HISTORY OF Mcdonough county. 



there helped to set up the first edition pub- 
lished of the poems of Robert Burns. He 
emigrated to Wheeling, Va,, in 1825, and en- 
gaged in the manufacture of plantation ma- 
chinery, an enterprise which eventually de- 
veloped into a great success. He had two sons 
and three daughters, of whom Archibald, the 
older son, and one daughter survive. 

As a boy Archibald Fisher worked in his 
father's machine shop, and from him inherited 
the mechanical ingenuity upon which rests the 
success of his life work. He was only twenty 
years old when he came to Macomb, bringing 
with him few visible assets, but a nature rich 
in determination, and forceful in expression. 
In April, 1872, he was united in marriage to 
Helen M. Warren, who was born in Cincinnati, 
Ohio. Mr. Fisher is a Democrat in politics, 
and in religion, a member of the St. George's 
Episcopal Church. Fraternally, he is connected 
with the Masons. He is an agreeable and con- 
fidence inspiring gentleman, a thorough master 
of his calling, and besides being a popular and 
considerate employer, is able to secure from 
his subordinates the best work of which they 
are capable. 

FLACK, Charles Wesley, a prominent lawyer, 
of Macomb, McDonough County, 111., was born 
in Fremont County, Iowa, June 2, 18G5, and 
received his education in the Industry (111.) 
public schools, the Macomb Normal School and 
Valparaiso College, at Valparaiso. Ind. He is 
a son of .John W. and Louisa (Osborn) Flack. 
His father was born December 30. 1S40, in 
Schuyler County, 111.; and his mother in Mc- 
Donough County, that State, April 13, 1842. 
His paternal grandparents were Bartholomew 
Flack, a native of Germany, who died August 
15, 1893, and Eva Elizabeth (Heitzel) Flack. 
also of German birth, who died October 22, 
1891. On the maternal side, the grandfather 
and grandmother were Solomon and Dicey Os- 
born, natives of North Carolina, who died, re- 
spectively, in 1878 and 1861. The maternal 
great-grandfather, Joseph Osborn, was born in 
1799, and died in 1870. Charles Wesley Flack 
taught school from 1884 to 1893. He was 
Principal of the Carman School in Henderson 
County, 111., from 1887 to 1889, and of the 
Biggsville School, from 1889 to 1891. In 1S92. 
he was Principal of the Fourth Ward School. 
Macomb. During the year 1891 he was Presi- 



dent of the Henderson County Teachers' Asso- 
ciation. Mr. Flack was admitted to the bar 
August 23, 1893, and officiated as Master in 
Chancery of the Circuit Court of McDonough 
County from 1896 to 1898. 

Charles W. Flack was married August 17, 
1887, to Ura M. Kee, of Industry, 111., whose 
education was obtained in the Industry schools 
and at Valparaiso, Ind. The children resulting 
from this union are: Vera B., born December 
29, 1889, and Charles E., born March 29, 1902. 
Politically, Mr. Flack is a Democrat, and wields 
much influence in the local councils of his 
party. In 1899, he was Chairman of the Demo- 
cratic County Central Committee. His popular- 
ity in the community is indicated by the fact 
that he was elected City Attorney of Macomb 
in 1897, by a majority of fifty-three votes when 
the city was normally Republican by 400 
majority. From 1896 to 1899 he served as 
President of the Macomb Public Library 
Board, and was re-elected to that position in 
July, 1905. Fraternally, Mr. Flack is affiliated 
with Macomb Lodge No. 17, A. F. & A. M., 
Morse Chapter No. 19 and Macomb Com- 
mandery No. 61. He was Worshipful Master 
(Macomb Lodge No. 17) during 1901-02. As a 
lawyer, Mr. Flack is able and diligent, and his 
general standing is high. 

FORD, Elmer, who is manager of a grain 
elevator in Bushnell, McDonough County, 111., 
and also serves as City Weigher, was born in 
Piatt County, 111., in 1869, a son of William M. 
and Julia (West) Ford, who were born, re- 
spectively, in Ohio and Indiana. The parents 
of Mr. Ford moved to McDonough County when 
he was four jears of age. As soon as he was 
old enough he attended public schools and, in 
due time, began to work on the farm. He fol- 
lowed farming until 1896, when he took charge 
of the Hendee elevator in Bushnell, where a 
considerable quantity of grain is bought and 
sold. The successful operation of this concern 
has demonstrated his capacity and close ap- 
plication to business. 

In 1890, Mr. Ford was united in marriage 
with Clara Duncan, who was born in Mc- 
Donough County, and five children have been 
born to them: Perry. Harry. Monte, Theodore 
and Amanda. Mr. Ford is well regarded in the 
community. Fraternally, he is affiliated with 
the Masonic order. 





Ciyyhz.-c^/^ 



i /Cc^ 



HISTORY OF Mcdonough county. 



879 



FORRISTEH, John Howard. — McDonoiish 
County justly lays claim to a goodly array of 
men of strong characteristics — men of clear 
mind, sound information, undevialing rectitude 
and resolute purpose — whose lives have been 
long identified with the development of its 
agricultural interests, and to the intelligence, 
energy and stability of this representative 
class, is largely attributable the prestige 
maintained by the county through the abund- 
ance and e.vcellence of its farming productions. 
I'roniinent among those to whom this general 
comment esi)ecially applies is .John H. For- 
rister, who is recognized as one of the most 
worthy and successful. Thirty-eight of the 
sixty years of his life have been spent in Mc- 
IJonough County, and thirty-two years of the 
latter period measure his career as a pro- 
gressive and prosperous farmer. Reared on a 
New England farm, where the soil responds 
only to the most arduous exertions of the 
husbandman, he early acquired those habits of 
industry and frugality to which he rigidly ad- 
hered after starting out for himself, and which 
laid the foundation for the substantial com- 
petency resulting from his subsequent toil. 

.Mr. Forrister was born in the town of Fram- 
ingham, Mass., April 5, 1847. He is a son of 
.lohn and Lydia Kmeline (Cogswell) Forrister, 
also natives of Massachusetts, whore the former 
was born in Framingham, March 6, 1816, and 
the latter, March IS, 181S. His father was a car- 
penter by trade, having served a three years' 
apprenticeshi]) in that line before being placed 
uiion a journeyman's footing. After attaining 
his majority he also devoted his attention to 
farming on a small scale, cultivating a piece of 
ground in the vicinity of Framingham, ten 
acres in extent, which he purchased in 1837 at 
a cost of $1,0(1(1. There ne continued to reside 
during the greater part of his life, and the 
place is still held as the old family home- 
stead. John Forrister died in 1SS2. but his 
wife still survives. They were the parents of 
seven children, as follows: .Maria E., Abby .-\., 
.'\mariah, John H., Granville, Charlietta and 
Lydia B. The childhood and youth of John H. 
were spent under the paternal roof, and he 
utilized the opportunities of the country 
schools in the neighborhood. After his school- 
ing was over, he worked three days in each 
week for his father, being employed the rest 
of the week away from home, until he reached 



maturity. When about twenty-two years old, 
he determined to try his fortunes in Illinois- 
and on reaching his destination at Hardolph- 
McDonough County, went to work on the famt 
of an uncle, Joseph E. Porter, with whom he re- 
mained six years. In 187ti. he bought a farm 
of eighty acres lying west of Adair, the pur- 
chase price being |4,000. This he sold in the 
fall of 1884, and bought a Kid-acre farm situ- 
ated near Bushnell, .McDonough County, pay- 
ing therefor $10,000. Subsequently, he pur- 
chased another quarter-section of good farm- 
ing land, and is now the owner of 320 acres, 
located two miles north of Mushnell, where he 
is successfully engaged in general farming and 
raising stock. 

On .March 1(1. ls7(;. Mr. Forrister was united 
in marriage, at the home of his wife's mother, 
near Vermont. 111., with .\nna Amelia Arnold, 
who was born in Uniontown, Pa., April 29, 
1S54. When ten years old, .Mrs. Forrister was 
brought from Pennsylvania to Illinois by her 
parents, who settled in Eldorado Township. Mc- 
Donough County. Mr. and Mrs. Forrister have 
three daughters, namely: L«»ura Etta. Ada 
Emeline and Clara Helen. Mr. Forrister is 
looked uiion as one of the foremost farmers of 
McDonough County, and is a prominent and 
highly-respected citizen of the community with 
whose interests he has been so long identified. 

FOSTER, John Newton. — The career of John 
.Newton Foster is interesting as marking the 
development of agricultural science in McDon- 
ough County, and as showing what may be 
accomplished by a youth who starts out in life 
with the right kind of ideas and with sufficient 
perseverance to make his ideas of use to him- 
self and the community in which he lives. The 
changes of seventy-eight years have passed be- 
fore the eyes of this honored pioneer. He 
was born in Dubois County. Ind.. February .'^. 
1829. the third in order of birth of the seven 
children of Arthur J. and Sarah (Kelso) Foster, 
natives of South Carolina. His parents came 
to Logan County, 111., In 1831, where they re- 
mained for a short time, when they came to .Mc- 
Donough County, where they established their 
permanent home. Foster's Point, where his 
family located thus early in the history of the 
county, was the home of John Newton until his 
twenty-second year. His father, who was born 
in 1800, died September 25, 1843, leaving the 



88o 



HISTORY (W McDOKOUGH COUNTY. 



lad of fourteen heir to a good name and plenty 
of hard work. He managed, however, to ac- 
quire a fair education, and through constant 
industry and economy was able to purchase 
eighty acres of land on Section 10 in Eldorado 
Township, which since has been his home. The 
years have brought him more of success than 
failure, and he has added to his original farm 
until he now owns 240 acres in the same town- 
ship under cultivation, besides twenty-seven 
and a half acres of timber land. Conservative 
and painstaking, he has lost nothing of the 
method and practicability of the early farmers, 
while taking advantage of the research and in- 
novations of those of the present day. All 
within the borders of his farm is in order, and 
the general atmosphere of his place is that 
of a man who understands the value of atten- 
tion to details, and of doing well whatever has 
to be done at all. 

October 2.5, 1.S.52, Mr. Foster was united in 
marriage to Francis J. McClintock, a native of 
Coshocton County, Ohio, born April 7, 1834, 
and who became the mother of three children: 
Lois C, now Mrs. Bailey, of Cnicago; Sanford 
K., who lives near his parents; and Wylie M., 
Mrs. Kerr, of Eldorado Township. Some time 
since Mr. Foster handed over the active man- 
agement of his farm to his son-in-law and 
grandson, but still has general oversight of his 
property, and takes the same keen interest in 
the crops that he did when far more depend- 
ent upon their outcome. For many years he 
was actively interested in Republican politics, 
and locally did much to maintain the integrity 
of local offices. His three terms, each, as Su- 
pervisor and Assessor of the township, were 
conducted with excellent results, and as a 
School Director for many years, he lavishly 
encouraged opportunities to which he was a 
stranger in his own youth. That he has lived 
up to the letter and spirit of the Cumberland 
Presbyterian Church, of which he has been a 
member for many years, is believed by all who 
are privileged to know him. 

FOSTER, Samuel J., one of the oldest and 
most honored among the jiioneer citizens of 
McDonough County, II!.. where he is now liv- 
ing in retirement at Table Grove, was born at 
Foster's Point, McDonough County, December 
30, 1832, and enjoys the distinction of being the 
first white child born in the township. He is 



a son of Arthur J. and Sarah (Kelso) Foster, 
both of whom were natives of the State of 
South Carolina. At an early period the Foster 
and Kelso families journeyed from the South 
to Indiana, where the i)arents of Samuel .1. 
Foster were joined in matrimonial tx>nds about 
the year 1830. In 1S31 Arthur J. Foster and 
his wife left Indiana and located in .Macon 
County. 111., shortly afterward establishing 
their home in McDonough County. The former, 
who was a farmer by occupation, was born in 
ISOO. He was a man of unflagging industry, 
l)rovident methods and strict probity of char- 
acter, and his e.xemplary and useful life came 
to an early close in 1843. Although always 
busy and diligent in and out of season, he 
nevertheless found time to take an active 
interest in the cause of church and school, and 
gave freely of his means to promote their in- 
terests. He donated the one acre of ground 
which has always been the site of the Foster's 
Point Cumberland Presbyterian Church, of 
which he was a devoted member. Public 
spirited to a marked degree, he set out a fine 
sugar grove and did many things tending to 
advance the general welfare of the place. His 
charities were unostentatious, but liberally 
bestowed. In all his beneficent deeds he had 
the hearty co-operation of his worthy help- 
mate, and both were held in the highest es- 
teem by all who knew them. Their hospitable 
home v/as the abiding place of the preacher, 
and before the church was built it was the 
meeting point of the synod of the denomination 
to which they belonged. Their nearest 
neighbor was then about six miles dis- 
tant. Politically, Mr. Foster was a Whig, and 
when a young man was an ardent admirer of 
Abraham Lincoln, to whose speeches he often 
listened. 

Sarah (Kelso) Foster survived her husband 
many years, passing away a half century later 
at the advanced age of ninety-three years. The 
remains of these honored pioneers lie together 
in the old family graveyard on the homestead 
farm, the hallowed scene of the strenuous en- 
deavors of their brief but happy wedded life. 
To Arthur .1. and Sarah (Kelso) Foster were 
born seven children, as follows: Henry W. ; 
William D.. who lives at Table Grove, 111.; John 
X., viho still resides at Foster's Point, Eldorado 
Township, McDonough County; Samuel .J.; 
Sarah, deceased, who was the wife of James 



HISTDKY OF McUOi\t)L"GH COL'XTY. 



88i 



H. Lowe, of Rocky Ford, Colo.; Abner D., 
whose home is in Nebraslta: and Johanna C, 
widow of J. S. Gettis. who is a resident of 
Chicago. Samuel J. Foster was reared to agri- 
cultural pursuits, and in early youth thoroughly 
utilized the educational opportunities afforded 
by the public schools in his vicinity. His en- 
tire life has been spent in McDonough County, 
all of its active period being devoted to farm- 
ing operations. His labors have been uniformly 
successful and his business transactions have 
involved the handlins? of many thousands of 
dollars. The farm on which he was born is 
among his present possessions. He is the 
ovner of 227 acres of land, and has amassed a 
handsome competency as a dependence for his 
declining years. 

In 1S54 Mr. Foster was united in marriage 
with Mary McMahon. w'ho was born in Dubois 
County. Ind.. in 1S33. Her father and mother 
died in that county, the former, in lS3t), and 
the later in 1850. When about seventeen years 
of age she came to Illinois, and made her home 
with one of her aunts. The union of Mr. and 
Mrs. Foster resulted in nine children, as fol- 
lows: Sarah V.. widow of William Vail, and a 
resident of Table Grove. 111.: A. D., of Macomb, 
III.: .lames .M., deceased; .lohn L., who is en- 
gaged in farming in Industry Township, Mc- 
Donough County: Henry L., who lives on the 
old farm in Eldorado Township: Eva, who is 
with her parents: Nellie C. wife of William 
Markley. a farmer in Scotland Townshij). -Mc- 
Donough County: Luella. wife of Edward .\ns 
bury, of .Macomb. 111., and Samuel R.. who is on 
the old homestead in Eldorado Townshij). 
Their father rendered each of the children, on 
growing to maturity, the assistance necessary 
for a start in life, and those surviving, having 
been provided by him with thorough mental In- 
struction, are living comfortable and useful 
lives, and are respected members of the com- 
munities to which they severally belong. .Ml 
of them are consistent members of the Cuiu- 
berland Presbyterian Church. With this 
church their father and mother have been 
closely and prominently identified for many 
years, the former having united with that 
church in 1S4,'?, when twelve years of age. For 
half a century, he has officiated as one of its 
elders, and as Superintendent of the Sunday 
School. He has always been ready with his 



means in affording help to the poor, and every 
good cause has felt the impulse of his kindly 
and benevolent heart. Since attaining his 
maturity, the subject of this sketch has wit- 
nessed many marvelous changes in .McDonough 
County, and with all the wonderful transforma- 
tion which that region has undergone, he has 
borne his full share in the labor attending the 
process of development. He has been one of 
the most eminently useful of the faithful 
workers who laid the foundation of the ma- 
terial, moral and educational ijrosperity of his 
section of the State. His career has been un- 
sullied by venality and unniarred by selfish- 
ness, and the ripening years that crown his 
head are attended by the consciousness of 
steadfast fidelity to the obligations of duty, and 
by the assurance that he enjoys the profound 
esteem and regard of the entire community. 

FOWLER, John H., who is successfully en- 
.gaged in the grocery business in Hlandins- 
ville, McDonough County, 111., was born in 
Blandinsville Townshij) on .\pril 5, 18,50. He 
is a son of Benjamin and Mary (Gordon) Fow- 
ler, natives of Kentucky. Benjamin Fowler 
was a farmer by occui)ation. and followed 
farming until 1S76. when he retired and moved 
to Blandinsville. where he lived until his death, 
December 11, 1886. The mother died August 4, 
1894. The subject of this sketch received his 
early education in the public schools, was 
reared on the farm, and there assisted his 
father until 1SS3. when he bou.ght the grocery 
business cf W. H. .McCord. besides dealing in 
.groceries, fruits and provisions, he o|)erates a 
farm of 120 acres, situated on Sections 29 and 
32, Blandinsville Township. 

On October 21, 1877, Mr. Fowler married 
.\manda George, who was born in Blandinsville, 
and died September 26, 1880. October 17. 
1883, Mr. Fowler married Sarah Markwell. who 
was lx)rn in Kentucky. This union resulted in 
one child. Lois M., who is a graduate (liloii) of 
the Columbia School of Expression and Oratory. 
Chicago. Politically. Mr. Fowler is a Democrat. 
He has served three terms as Supervisor, and 
has held the office of Townshij) Collector. 
Fraternally, he is affiliated with the Blandins- 
ville Lodge No. 233. and Blandinsville Chaiiter 
.\o. 20S, A. F. & A. M.. and with the M. W. 
of A. 



882 



HISTORY OF McDOXOUGH COUNTY. 



FRANKLIN, William J., a prominent attorney 
of Macomb. .McDonough County, III., and now- 
serving as County Judge, was born in that 
county, April 20, 1S43. His parents were Wil- 
liam H. and .Maria .1. (Clark) Franklin, natives 
respectively of Mercer and Madison Counties. 
Ky. His paternal grandparents were William 
and Nancy (Whitton) Franklin, natives of 
Kentucky; and his grandparents on the ma- 
ternal side were .lames and Mary (Lewis) 
Clark, the former born in the State named, and 
the latter in South Carolina. His great-grand- 
fathers on both sides — Thomas Franklin and 
James Clark — were Virginians, the latter hav- 
ing 'been boru at Jamestown. William H. 
Franklin came to McDonough County in 1^39, 
and here began the practice of law. He was 
the father of ten children, of w-nom William J. 
is the eldest. The latter attended the common 
schools, and afterward became station agent 
and telegraph operator for the Toledo, Peoria 
& Western Railroad Company. He was the 
first soldier to enlist from McDonough County 
in Company A, Sixteenth Regiment, Illinois 
Volunteer Infantry, serving four years and 
three months. He was captured by guerrillas 
and kept a prisoner in Macon, Ga., and in 
Libby prison for three months. He was dis- 
charged from the service in August, 1S65, re- 
turned to Macomb and worked as agent on the 
Toledo. Peoria & Western Railroad. After 
studying law. while in the railroad service, he 
was admitted to the bar and praticed for two 
years. He then went to Missouri, where he 
practiced eight years, going thence to Kansas, 
where he practiced fifteen years. In August. 
1S94. he returned to Macomb and has since 
practiced there. He was City Attorney of 
Macomb in 1872, and served as State's At- 
torney of Dekalb County, Mo., for two tei-ms, 
anad for a like period as State's Attorney of 
Gary County, Kans. He also held the office of 
Police Judge at Junction City, Kans. He was 
elected County Judge of McDonough County in 
1901, to fill an unexpired term, was re-elected 
in 1902, and again in 1906. Judge Franklin 
was married October 13. 1868, to Mary A. Gibbs. 
who was born and schooled in Schuyler County. 
111. Their children are Maud (now Mrs. George 
G. Gough), Dean and Ray. Politically, the sub- 
ject of this sketch is a Republican; socially, he 
is a member of the G. A. R. and the M. W. A. 



GALE, James M., the Cashier of the First Na- 
tional Bank of Bushnell, 111., is eminently well 
fitted for his large responsibility by years ol 
experience as a bookkeeper and merchant, and 
by a natural aptitude for painstaking and math- 
emathical accuracy. James M. Gale came to 
Uushnell in 1877, and since that time his name 
has been increasingly associated with all that 
is stable and conservative in finance. He in- 
augurated his local usefulness as bookkeeper 
for James Cole, merchant, and his standing 
with his employer became apparent in 1S82, 
when he was appointed Cashier of the 
bank of James Cole & Company, with which 
he remained continuously until 1892. With Mr. 
Cole he then became one of the organizers of the 
First National Bank of Bushnell, and Mr. Gale 
was made Cashier of the new institution, a 
position since maintained with a devotion to 
duty and singleness of purpose which has won 
him many friends and the confidence of the 
entire community. 

A sharp contrast may be drawn between the 
career of Mr. Gale since and previous to coming 
to Bushnell. If he has seemed immured beyond 
recall in the intricacies of accounts and the 
rather arid details of banking, he also has 
known the struggles which accompany a not 
over indulgent boyhood, and the many sided 
experiences of the man who dons the military 
uniform of the volunteer. The circumstances 
surrounding his origin would tend to the de- 
velopment of courage and faithfulness to duty, 
characteristics which are the corner-stones of 
the character and labor of Mr. Gale. He was 
born in Winchester, Scott County, 111., Septem- 
ber 26. 1839. a son of Albert G. Gale, who was 
born in Colchester, Chittenden County, Vt., 
and grandson of Amos Gale, who fol- 
lowed the martial fortunes of Wash- 
ington in the Revolutionary War, and 
was also a soldier in the War of 1812. Albert 
G. Gale was an early settler of Winchester. 
111., as was also Nancy R. McConnell. whom he 
subsequently married, and who. bom in Leba- 
non, Tenn., was a daughter of David McConnell, 
a native of Kentucky. Albert G. Gale was a 
shoemaker by trade and followed this occu- 
)iation for many years in Winchester, later 
turning his attention to merchandising, in 
which he was engaged at the time of his death 
in 1866. He was survived by his wife until 
1868. 





r^ 




HISTORY OF Mcdonough county. 



883 



James M. Gale had the advantages of the 
jmblic sch<K)ls of Winchester, and his first 
earnings were acquired as a clerk in a general 
store. His uneventful existence was inter- 
rupted by his country's demand for able-bodied 
men in ISfil. and* in August of thai year he en- 
listed in Company C. Twenty-eighth Illinois 
Volunteer Infantry, and after being mustered 
in at Camp H'ltler. near Springfield, was sent to 
St. Louis. He was in the service four years 
and one month, and during that time partici- 
pated in many of the important battles of the 
war: also served on staff duty, being aid-de- 
camp for both General Urayman and General 
Slack, and serving as acting Assistant Inspector 
General. He developed an aptitude for mili- 
tary affairs, and readily won the confidence 
and api)roval of his superiors. During .lanu- 
ary. 1.S65, he was made Captain of Company 
E, Twenty-Eighth Illinois Volunteer Infantry. 
Mr. Gale was in the thick of the fight at Little 
Bethel and Harrisburg (La.), .Jackson. Vicks- 
burg. Shiloh. and the Siege of Mobile, and 
during the last named. March 30. 1S65, he was 
shot in the hi|) and remained in the hospital 
for three weeks. Joining his command at Mo- 
bile at the end of sixty days, he was sent to 
Brownsville, Texas, under General Slack's com- 
mand, division of General Kred Steel, and 
September 1, 1865, was mustered out of the 
service, and soon after returned to Winches- 
ter. He saw much of the grim and terrible 
side of warfare, and to none was the bene- 
diction of peace more welcome. He has since 
been a prominent member of the Grand Army 
of the Republic, and has taken an active part 
in its cami)-fire meetings. 

For twelve years after the war Mr. Gale was 
engaged in merchandising in Winchester, 
moving thence to Hushnell in 1S77. In the 
meantime, September 14. 1S6S, he was \inited 
in marriage to Emma J. Liscomb, who was 
born in Morgantown. W. Va., December 19, 
1ST9. a daughter of Dr. Silas and Lucinda 
(Clothier! Lii^conib. the former for many years 
a medical practitioner at Pittsburg, Pa., and 
Salem. Ohio, was also engaged in practice in 
Winchester. 111., and subsequently in Jackson- 
ville, where he died at an advanced age. His 
wife died some years later in Winchester. Mr. 
and Mrs. Gale are the parents of two children, 
of whom Albert I^. married Viama G(K)dson, of 
Marysville, Mo., and has one child, Helen. 



Albert I^. lives at Lincoln, 111., and is editor 
of the "Lincoln Daily Star." Harry M., the 
.vounger son, died in infancy. 

Mr. Gale is a Republican in politics, and 
served as City Clerk and member of the School 
Hoard of Winchester, and as City Treasurer of 
Hushnell. He is a member of many years' 
standing of the Independent Order of Odd Fel- 
lows, of which he is Fast Grand, and is an 
earnest worker and a Steward in the Methodist 
Episcopal Church. He is a man of pleasing 
personality, genial manner and great consider- 
ation for the rights and i)rerogatives of others. 

GAMAGE, George (deceased). — For nearly half 
a century an honored resident of Macomb. Mc- 
Donough County, 111., and the proprietor and 
operator of a tine farm, a portion of which has 
been incorporated into the city, George Gamage 
was a marked type of the industrious, sturdy 
and sensible Englishman, whose character and 
work have done so much to place the United 
States upon the substantial basis of agri- 
cultural wealth. Not only his own relatives, 
but those of his wife's family, were natives of 
Old England, and the children are therefore of 
pure English stock. George Gamage was the » 
son of John and Mary (Nutt) Gamage, his 
parents being born in England — the father Sep- 
tember 21, 1787, his death occurring July 8, 
1855. The latter came to America when George 
was sixteen yeiirs of age, first locating on Long 
Island, and later movin.g, with his family of 
five children, to Williamstown, X. Y. He had 
been married a second time, the subject of 
this sketch being the oldest child. George 
Gamage was a native of Weeden, Northampton- 
shire, England, where he was born on the Sth 
day of May, 1828, and was educated in the 
public schools. Later he settled with the 
family at Waverly, L. I., removing thence to 
Williamstown, N. Y., and to McDonough 
County, 111. 

In 1855. having accumulated some money by 
his industry and forethought. Mr. Gamage 
sought a broader field for his energies and the 
application of scientific farming and business 
principles, for he had developed into a business 
man as well as a thorough husbandman. He 
selected Macomb as his future home, erecting a 
residence in the southwestern portion of the 
town, and purchasing a farm of eighty-seven 
acres adjoining its limits, forty acres of which 



884 



HISTORY OF Mcdonough county. 



has since been added to the city. Both he and 
his brother Joseph were in the employ of A. 
B. Stickle. Mr. Gamage lived on the original 
homestead until 1893, the house being im- 
proved from time to time, when his brother. 
Joseph S., built a tasteful modern residence, on 
South Johnson Street. In the meantime he had 
been engaged in agricultural pursuits, had dis- 
posed of about half his farm to residents of 
Macomb, and also with his brother carried on a 
meat market to great advantage. At his death, 
on December 30, 1893, he had not only acquired 
a good competency, but had gained a splendid 
reputation as an honorable, able man, whether 
judged from the standpoint of personal charac- 
ter or financial success. The deceased was 
laid to rest at Oakwood Cemetery, leaving a 
tender family circle and many warm friends 
to mourn his death. 

In 1S7S Joseph S. Gamage, the brother of 
George, established the meat market witli 
which the latter was connected, and continued 
it until his death, on November 24, 1902. He 
also conducted a grocery from 1873 to 1886. 
Joseph Gamage was a bachelor, residing with 
his brother until he died on the date given, 
as the result of a surgical operation. 

On June 9, 1861, George Gamage was united 
in marriage at Macomb to Maria Axford, born 
in Frome, Somersetshire, England, and ed- 
ucated in the common schools of her native 
land. Her parents were natives of the same 
shire. Four children were born to Mr. and 
Mrs. Gamage as fellows: Esther, of Macomb; 
Annie, of St. Mary's. 111.: John, of Maeomb. 
married to Ida Vance, of that place, and Frank, 
also a resident of St. Mary's. In politics the 
deceased was a Republican: a faithful voter, 
not a politician. Religiously, although not a 
church member, he was inclined to the Method- 
ist Episcoi)al faith. He was a man of upright 
life, a good citizen, and generous to a fault. 

GARRETT. John W., a well-known hotel-keep- 
er in Industry, McDonough County, III., was 
born in Kickapoo, Peoria County, April 17. 
1852, and received his early mental training 
in the public schools of Schuyler County, 111. 
He is a son of John and Sarah E. (Williamson ) 
Garrett, his father having been born in Lex- 
ington, Ky., and his mother in Virginia. His 
father came to Rushville, Schuyler County. 
III., ia 1844, and after his marriage there 



moved to Peoria County, but soon afterwards 
returned to Schuyler County, where he lived 
until his death in 1882. 

.John W. Garrett is the fifth of a family of 
six children. He lived at the paternal home 
until he reached the a.ge of -twenty years, and 
then rented a farm in Schuyler County, where 
he remained four years. In 1881, he bought a 
farm of 16o acres, where he lived until No- 
vember 13. 1900, when he traded the farm for 
his hotel property in Industry. 

On February 29, 1872, Mr. Garrett was united 
in marriage with Maria Elliott, who was born 
and schooled in Fulton County. 111. The 
children resulting from this union were: 
Margaret Ellen (Mrs. John Miller) of Schuyler 
County; and Harry Sylvester Samuel, horn 
April 4, 1882, deceased March 29, 1900. Mr. 
Garrett is a Baptist in religious belief, and 
fraternally is identified with the I. O. O. F. A 
man of strict inte,grity and good business ca- 
pacity, he conducts his hotel in such a manner 
as to secure a profitable jiatronage. 

GELTMACHER, Oscar J., whose life was spent 
in farming in connection with his father until 
190.5, when the family home was established 
in Good Hope, McDonough County, 111., was 
born In the vicinity of Canton, Fulton County, 
that State, on December 14, 1SG9. He is a son 
of William H. and Barbara E. (Cosier) Gelt- 
niacher, born respectively in Maryland and 
Ohio. William H. Geltmacher has been a suc- 
cessful farmer, and always followed that occu- 
pation until his abandonment of active pursuits. 
He left Maryland at an early period and located 
in Fulton County, 111., where he lived until 
1874, when he moved to Sciota Township, Mc- 
Donou.gh County, and conducted the John Ash 
farm for twelve years. At the end of that 
period he purchased of William Heath the farm 
of 160 acres, of which he Is the present owner. 
This he cultivated until his removal to Good 
Hope, in 1905. Oscar J. Geltmacher received 
his early education in the district schools of 
McDonough County, and has always lived on 
the farms operated by his father, assisting the 
latter in general farming and stock-raising 
until his retirement. They made all the im- 
provements on the farm now belonging to his 
father, and devoted considerable attention to 
the raising of Shorthorn cattle. 

On December 24, 1S95, the subject of this 



HISTORY OF Mcdonough couxty. 



885 



sketch was iiniled in marriage at Prairie City. 
III., with .\Iattie Aciams. who was born in 
Harris Township. Fulton County. Mrs. Oscar 
J. Geltmacher is a daughter of David and 
Martha .1. (.Jeffries) Adams, and her father 
was a resident of Iowa, who was an early 
settler in Fulton County, where he was en- 
gaged in farming until a recent period. Of late 
years, he has followed the occupation of a 
painter. His wife is a native of Missouri. The 
union of Mr. Geltmacher with Miss ^Adams re- 
sulted in two children: Orville Guy and 
Harry Raymond. In politics, the subject of 
this sketch is a supporter of the Democratic 
party. He is a man of excellent character 
and his record is beyond reproach. 

GELTMACHER, William H.— Of the men who 
have come from the sunny South to take from 
the fertile acres of McDonough County the 
competence which should permit their retire- 
ment from active life in Good Hope, mention 
is due William H. Geltmacher, occupying a 
pleasant home on three acres of land in the 
west end of town. .Mr. Geltmacher represents 
one of the early and worthy families of Mary- 
land, in which State he was born February 
IG, 183S, and where he received a limited 
education in the public schools. His father, 
.John Geltmacher, went as a young man from 
his native State of Pennsylvania to .Maryland, 
where he married Elizabeth .lones, and spent 
the balance of his industrious life. He was 
a weaver by trade, and his industrious and 
continuous efforts at the loom brought him 
a modest and wisely expended income. De- 
siring larger opportunities than those presented 
in .Maryland. William H. Geltmacher came 
west by rail to Bloomington. 111., in ISOl, and 
a year later arrived in Canton, Fulton County, 
whence he removed in 1874 to McDonough 
County. Purchasing a farm of IfiO acres of Mr. 
Heath, on Section 26, Sciota Township, he 
made many improvements in addition to those 
made by the former owner, erecting at first 
a modest, but in 1S91, a pretentious country 
residence, which he occupied until his retire- 
ment to Good Hope in .November. 1905. He 
was a practical and business-like farmer, en- 
.gaged in the raising of stock and general 
produce, and lived always within his comfort- 
able income. His farm now is occupied by his 
only son. Oscar J. His only daughter. Minnie 



F.. is the wife of D. C. Monninger, of .Mc- 
Donough County. Before her marriage in Ful- 
ton County in ISGT, Mrs. Geltmacher was Bar- 
bara E. Cosier, daughter of Jacob and Margaret 
Cosier, the former a native of Ohio, and the 
latter of Maryland, and both early settlers of 
Fulton County. A Democrat in politics. .Mr. 
Geltmacher has served as Highway Commis- 
sioner of Sciota Township. In religion, he is 
identified with the Lutheran Church. He is a 
broad-minded and well informed retired farmer, 
and his career illustrates the worth of industry, 
integrity and loyalty to friends and worthy 
interests. 

GEORGE, Jacob, a well-known and substan- 
tial farmer, whose agricultural experience in 
Hire Township, .McDonough County, 111., has 
extended over a half century, was born in Ger- 
many on September 30, 1S29. His father and 
mother, Henry and Elizabeth (Schafer) George, 
were also natives of the same country. .laeob 
George came with his parents to America in 
1848. The family spent some years in Vir- 
ginia and Ohio, and, in 1855, came to Illinois 
and settled in McDonough County. Mr. George 
bought a farm a mile east of his present home 
and. after living there four or five years, moved 
west to Section 32, where he built a house and 
made all needed improvements. He is now 
the owner of between 400 and 500 acres of 
land, and his farm is one of the best managed 
and most productive in the county. He is 
known as a man of strong character and strict 
integrity. 

In 1851, Mr. George was joined in wedlock 
with Christina George, who was born in Ger- 
many, and died July 21, 1898. Nine children 
resulted from this union, of w-hom five are living 
and four deceased. The living are: Mrs. 
Mariah Morgan. John George. William George. 
Mrs. Clara Kieffer, and Mrs. Dora Riser. The 
deceased are: Louis, Milton C, Louisa and 
Katie (Mrs. Fisher). Politically, Mr. George 
is a Democrat. He served as Road Commis- 
sioner for six years, and also held the office 
of School Director for several terms. His reli- 
gious faith is that of the Methodist Church. 

GILCHRIST, Van B.— In an effort to create 
success out of determination and perseverance, 
Van B. Gilchrist has labored in various fields 
of activity, and has encountered experiences 



886 



HISTORY OF Mcdonough county. 



as broadening in their tendencies as they are 
interesting when viewed from the standpoint 
of perspective. A farmer for the greater part 
of his life, and tlie owner of a fine property 
comprising 270 acres in Tennessee Township. 
McDonough County, he has also been an Argo- 
naut, one of those sturdy men who ventured all 
on the turn of the wheel of fortune beyond 
the Rockies. Mr. Gilchrist was born on a bar- 
ren farm in Windham County, Vt., April 11, 
183S, his father, C. G. Gilchrist, having moved 
thither from New Hampshire. His mother. 
Minerva, daughter of .Joel Holton. was born in 
Windham County, and was married to C. G. 
Gilchrist when their combined earthly posses- 
sions were discouragingly limited. Van B. was 
the third oldest of their five children, one of 
whom was a daughter. The parents came to 
McDonough County in 1S:]9, and soon after pur- 
chased land of Mr. Holton, who was one of the 
first settlers of Tennessee Township, and was 
the first Postmaster at Hill's Grove. Their 
first home was a small log house on Section 29, 
Tennessee Township, and here they lived twen- 
ty-five years, at the end of that time erecting 
another house in which they lived for the 
balance of their lives, the mother dying in 
lSf>5. and the father in 1,SS2. 

Van B. Gilchrist attended thj very early sub- 
scription schools of the county, and led a busy, 
uneventful life until his fifteenth year. In the 
meantime the marvelous stories of gold on the 
Pacific coast penetrated this quiet agricultural 
region, sowing the seed of discontent and up- 
rooting many from their monotonous tasks. 
With all the enthusiasm of his fifteen years 
Van B. started westward in the spring of IS.'jS. 
and for five years tried his luck in the various 
minin.g camps of Western California. Not se- 
curin.g anticipated success, fie then rented a 
farm and engaged in hauling logs and herding 
cattle, and finally devoted his land to general 
farming until returning to Illinois in ISGl. 
In December of the following year, he married 
Sarah Robinson, a native of Pickaway County, 
Ohio, who was educated in the common schools 
of Abingdon, III. About this time he pur- 
chased 110 acres of land of Isaac Holton, and 
later added an ad.ioining 160 acres. His prop- 
erty is highly cultivated, has a comfortable 
residence and well constructed barns, and is 
supplied with the most practical agricultural 
imi)lements. 



In politics Mr. Gilchrist is a Prohibitionist, 
and has served as School Director for about 
fifteen years. He is a member of the Methodist 
Episcopal Church, and for years has contributed 
liberally towards its support. Fraternally, he 
is connected with the JIasonic Order. Mr. and 
Mrs. Gilchrist are the parents of four children: 
Elva, wife of B. B. Rhinehart, of Hancock 
County, 111.; Grace, wife of Judd Breeden, of 
Wyoming: Charles, a farmer of McDonough 
County; and Corny, wife of William Foley, of 
McDonough County. Mr. Gilchrist has a me- 
mory stored with interesting information of the 
early days of the county, and he has been one 
of its substantial and reliable upbuilders, giv- 
ing his best effort to his farm, his friends and 
all with whom he has been associated. 

GOBLE, Edward Durphy, who is the proprie- 
tor of the largest hardware store in Industry. 
McDonough County, 111., was born in Whitley 
County, Ind., January 3, 1S62, a son of James 
D. and Amanda (Danley) Goble. His father 
was a native of New Jersey and his grand- 
father, James D. Goble, of Irish origin. The 
former was a shoemaker and worked at his 
trade until his death. November 10, 1894. The 
mother passed away in September, 1892. Ed- 
ward T). Goble was the twelfth in a family of 
thirteen children. He came to Industry with 
his parents when he was six years old, and 
at eleven years of age began work on a farm, 
continuing thus for seven years, meanwhile 
attending the public schools wherever the op- 
portunity offered. Subsequently, for thirteen 
years he followed blacksmithing. during eleven 
years of this period bein.g in partnership with 
W. H. Sullivan. On August 1. 1893. he estab- 
lished himself in the general hardware busi- 
ness, in which he has since continued. He 
handles shelf and heavy hardware, agricul- 
tural implements, etc.. and also carries a stock 
of groceries. He enjoys a very satisfactory 
trade, ?nd does the largest business of its kind 
in Industry. 

Mr. Goble was united in marriage February 
25, 1883, with Rose C. Sullivan, who was born 
and schooled in Industry, and of this union 
five children have been born, namely: Lottie 
Pearl, Forrest Scott, Gurney Martin, Catherine 
Amanda and Alice Marie. On i)olitical issues, 
Mr. Goble gives his support to the Democratic 
party. Fraternally, he is identified with the 



HISTORY OF Mcdonough county. 



887 



A. F. & A. M., Chapter and Comniaudery. the 
M. W. A., and the I. O. O. F. He ranks high 
in the comniiinity as a man of sterling rhar- 
acter and sound business judgment. 

GRAHAM, Henry Harrison.— The agricultural 
pioneers of fifty years ago, who broke the virgin 
soil of the State of Illinois and proved by the 
practical results of their lives of independent 
toil the wonders of its productiveness, should 
be placed foremost in the ranks of those who 
have made it one of the greatest common- 
wealths of the Union. They were as faithful 
and brave in the performance of their homely 
duties as the most jiatriotic of soldiers who up- 
hold their country's name on its fields of battle. 
Henry H. Graham is of this yeoman nobility, 
which death is slowly cutting down to a small 
company. Mr. Graham's parents, William and 
Elizabeth (Jackson) Graham, were both na- 
tives of Marion County, Ky., his father remov- 
ing thence to Fulton County, 111., accompanied 
by his wife and four children. This transfer 
of the family home took place in the fall of 
1S3.5. Henry's birth occurring in Fulton County 
on the 23d of April in the year following. He 
was the fifth in a family of children which 
eventually numbered ten, was strengthened by 
the usual work which falls to the lot of a 
farmer's lad and obtained his schooling in the 
district schools of his vicinity. Early in life 
Henry H. Graham determined to rely upon him- 
self, remaining with his parents only until he 
had reached the age of sixteen years, when he 
removed to Lancaster Landing, on the Illinois 
River. He was skilled in the management of 
oxen, and in 1S.54 began to make a business 
of breaking the prairie soil for new settlers. 
In lS.i9, he drove four yoke of oxen to Pike's 
Peak and. after prospecting a few months in 
the West, returned to Fulton County without 
having selected a location. For two years 
thereafter he continued his old occupation of 
"breakinp prairie." after which (1.S62-65) he 
rented and operated a farm in Warren County. 
III. During the last year of the war. having 
then been married for three years, his affairs 
had so prospered that he bought sixty-five 
acres of land in Walnut Grove Township, which 
he transformed into a good family homestead 
and occupied during the following decade. Dis- 
posing of this property he purchased eighty 
acres near Good Hope, where, in 1S74. passed 



away his good wife and the mother 01' his five 
children. After the death of his wife, Mr. Gra- 
ham sold his Good Hope. farm, buying 145 
acres in the center of Macomb Township. 
There he lived and labored until May, 19t)2, 
when he removed to the city, purchasing a 
home on North .Johnson Street, in which he 
now lives a retired and contented life. The 
household is conducted, as to its domestic mat- 
ters, by his widowed daughter Sarah, whose 
husband, Alexander McCutcheon, was accident- 
ally killed .on the farm in 1902, his death being 
occasioned by the kick of a mule. The family 
also includes Mrs. McCutcheon's three chil- 
dren: Sadie, Elizabeth Caroline and Naomi. 
In September, 1862, Mr. Graham was married 
to Miss Mary Dry, an intelligent Pennsylvania 
girl, and to them were born the following 
children: Clellon, Elizabeth (now Mrs. Orry 
Pugh), Franklin, Sarah (mentioned above) 
and Henry. Aside from the manifold duties 
incident to the life of a successful farmer and 
a faithful father ami husband, he has found 
opportunity as called upon by his fellows, to 
devote considerable time and much ability to 
public affairs, having served as Road Commis- 
sioner of Macomb Township for a period of 
five years. He has also been School Director. 
Politically, he is affiliated with the Democracy. 

GRAMPP, Frank, who is well known as the 
efficient manager of a successful poultry house 
in Bushnell, McDonough County, III., was born 
in Manack, III., in 1875. Of his progenitors 
no record Is available. After receiving his 
early education in the public schools he went 
into the poultry business at Princeton. III., 
where he was thus engaged for twenty years. 
In June, 1904. he moved to Bushnell and took 
charge of the Pride and Simaler Company's 
poultry house. The work of the Pride and 
Simaler Company consists in dressing poultry, 
handling dressed poultry in car lots, and buy- 
ing and selling considerable quantities of but- 
ter and eggs. A cold-storage plant is con- 
nected with the concern, and the company fur- 
nishes employment for a force ranging from 
twenty-five to 100 men. Under the direction of 
the subject of this sketch the business is 
flourishing, and constantly attaining larger 
proportions. 

Mr. Grampp was married, in 1899, to Alverta 
Hamilton, who was born in Peoria County, 



HISTORY OF Mcdonough county. 



111., and one child is the fruit of this union, 
namely: Francis Gilbert. In fraternal circles, 
Mr. Grampp is affiliated with the Mystic Work- 
ers and the 1. O. O. F. 

GRIER, James F., who is engaged in the 
furniture and undertaking business in Ma- 
comb, III., was born July 10, 1S59, at Martin's 
Ferry, Ohio, where he received a public school 
education. He is a son of Thomas ,1. and 
Mary (Fleming) Grier. his father being a na- 
tive of Chester County, Pa. Two boys and 
three girls constituted his parents' family, o£ 
whom the subject of this sketch is the eldest. 
At the age of sixteen he began learning the 
trade of a molder at Martin's Ferry, and 
worked there until 1880. He then came to 
Macomb, continuing thus employed at various 
periods for the succeeding five years, when he 
was engaged as clerk by Isaac M. Fellheimer 
in the clothing business. He retained this con- 
nection for eight years and at the end of this 
period, entered into partnership with John Mc- 
Elrath in the furniture business, and two years 
later, became sole proprietor of the concern. 
He handles furniture, pictures, molding and 
sewing machines, and is also engaged in under- 
taking. He is considered a sound and reliable 
business man, and enjoys a good patronage. 

Mr. Grier was married in April, 1895, to Ada 
Twyman, who was born and schooled in Ma- 
comb. Two children have blessed their union 
— Kathryn and Louis. Politically, Mr. Grier 
supports the Republican party. Fraternally, 
he is affiliated with the Masonic Order (Ma- 
comb Lodge No. 17, and Morse Chapter No. 
19), Royal Neighbors, I. O. R. M., M. W. of A., 
and Court of Honor. His wife is a member 
of the Episcopal Church. 

GRIFFITH, Boyd P., who is successfully en- 
gaged in farming and dairying three-quarters 
of a mile west of Bushnell. MeDonough County. 
111., was born in Canton, 111., in the year 1861, 
a son of John L. Griffith, a native of Pennsyl- 
vania. After his school days in Bushnell were 
over and he had reached years of maturity, 
Mr. Griffith went on the road as a traveling 
salesman, in which occupation he continued 
until 1884. He then moved to his present 
farm, where he has since carried on general 
farming and stock-raising in a successful man- 
ner. In 1896, Mr. Griffith started the dairy 



business, supplying milk to customers in Bush- 
nell. He has since enlarged his dairy and now 
keeps twenty-five head of milch cows. At the 
present time he furnishes milk on contract for 
delivery in town. 

The subject of this sketch was united in 
marriage on November 29, 1893, with Hattie 
Lewis, who was born in Mt. Sterling. 111. This 
union has resulted in two children, Harry and 
Glenna. Mr. Griffith is an energetic and pains- 
taking farmer, who carries on his work with 
intelligent method, and bears the reputation 
of being a thrifty and prosperous man. Fra- 
ternally, he is affiliated with the M. W. A. and 
Red Men. 

GRIFFITH, John C, M. D.— An instance of 
pride and loyalty in his native town is found 
in the career of John C. Griffith, who spent his 
childhood within its expanding borders, there- 
after absenting himself temporarily to secure 
the best possible equipment for his chosen 
calling, and eventually returning, full of the 
strength and enthusiasm of youth, to lend his 
talents to the broadening of its professional 
channels. Dr. Griffith represents the second 
generation of his family to contribute to the 
upbuilding of Bushnell. He was born here in 
1871, nine years after the arrival of his par- 
ents, John L. and .Martha E. (Heinter) Griffith, 
the former of whom established the hardware 
business which ever since has been an im- 
|)ortant factor in the business life of the town. 
The elder Griffith was born in Pennsylvania, 
and at an early day followed the tide of emigra- 
tion from the Quaker State to Canton, 111., re- 
moving thence to Bushnell in 18G2. Dr. Griffith 
owes his primary education to the public 
schools of Bushnell, and his higher training to 
the Western Normal, in the same town. He 
qualified professionally at the Rush Medical 
College. Chicago, from which he graduated with 
honors in 1896. and subsequently took a degree 
at the Illinois School of Electro-Therapeutics. 
In Bushnell, where he began his professional 
career in 1901, he has seen his industry re- 
warded by a growing practice; and that his 
prospects are assured is patent not only from 
his general erudition and progressiveness, but 
by the possession of a thorough electrical and 
genera! equipment of his office, including a 
standard X-ray machine. He is an enthusiast 
on the subject of electricity as an aid to med- 




THOMAS D. KIRK 



HISTORY OF McDOXOUGH COUNTY. 



8&; 



ical science, and appreciates tlie wonderful 
ixissibilities open to the truly inquiring and 
industrious specialist in this line. Dr. Griffith 
is a member of the Adams County, the Tri- 
State. .McDonouKh County and Illinois State 
Medical Societies and the American Medical 
Association; is also connected with five of the 
leading fraternal organizations. The Doctor 
renounced bachelorhood in 1897, marrying 
Ethel .M. Mooney, at Palmyra, Mo. Dr. Griffith 
has a pleasing iind confidence-inspiring iierson- 
ality, a keen sympathy for those afflicted with 
physical or other woes, and a laudable ambi- 
tion, which is bound to project him into the 
first ranks of his humanitarian calling. 

GRIFFITH, Lewis, familiar to many people 
of .Macomb as the proi>rietor of a flourishing 
household goods establishment, was born in 
Marshall County. 111., November 12, 1857. His 
father and mother, Amos L. and Sarah D. 
(Tomlinson) Griffith, were natives of Jefferson 
County, Ohio. On the paternal side, his grand- 
parents, Charles W. and Hannah (Lewis) 
Griffith, were born in Bucks County, Pa., and 
in the State of Ohio, respectively. Isaac and 
Mary (Dewees) Tomlinson. his maternal grand- 
parents, were natives of Pennsylvania, the for- 
mer born in Philadelphia. The paternal great- 
grandfather, Evan Griffith, was born in Bucks 
County. Pa. 

Lewis Griffith was the eldest of the four 
children born to his parents, with whom he 
went- to Mt. Pleasant, Iowa, when he was nine 
years old. He there lived on a farm, mean- 
while attending the public schools and Howe's 
Academy, at Mt. Pleasant. When his studies 
were over, he started in the stove repair busi- 
ness, which he followed in alternation with 
traveling until 1890. Then he moved to Ross- 
ville. 111., and later to St. Mary, after which he 
went to Colchester and there opened a racket 
store, which he sold out in a short time. Com- 
ing to Macomb, October 20, 1903. he there 
started a general house-furnishing store, 
stocked with new and second-hand goods, the 
only one of its exact kind in Macomb. He 
supplies every article needed in the fitting up 
of a home. 

On .luly C. 1,S9S, Mr. Griffith was united in 
marriage with Emma Harrison, who was born 
in McDonough County, and received mental in- 
struction in the public schools of her neighbor- 
ly 



hood. They have one child, Luther Duanc. who 
was born April 23, 1899. In political matters, 
.Mr. Griffith adheres to the i)rinciples of the 
Republican parly, and in religious faith, is as- 
sociated with the Methodist Episcopal Church. 
A keen energetic business man, he is building 
up a remunerative patronage. 

GRIGSBY, James H., who is engaged in the 
banking business In Blandinsville. McDonough 
County, 111., was born in that place on .lanuary 
5, 1851. His father and mother, William H. 
and Elizabeth (Seybold) Grigsby, were born 
in Kentucky. William H. Grigsby came from 
that Stale to McDonough County in 1828, when 
he was seven years old. He grew up on the 
farm, and on reaching maturity followed farm- 
ing until 1858. At that period he moved to 
Blandinsville and engaged in mercantile pur- 
suits. He is still living. 

In 1882 the banking firm of Grigsby Brothers 
& Co. was organized, and the concern has ever 
since done a general exchange and banking 
business in Blandinsville. James H. Grigsby 
has conducted its affairs successfully since its 
organization. Mr. Grigsby has passed his entire 
life here. In boyhood he attended the public 
schools, and afterward studied five years 
under a private tutor. The banking business 
under his management has been very success- 
ful, and his capacity as a financier is unques- 
tioned. Frank W. Brooks is the silent partner, 
having been taken into partnership in 1895. 
The firm are members of the Bankers' .Associa- 
tion. They are interested in about 2.000 acres 
of land In Hire and Blandinsville Townships. 

On October 2. 1875, Mr. Grigsby was married 
to Lillian C. Mason, who was born and schooled 
in New Lexington, Perry County, Ohio. Three 
children — Ehrman, Harry and Roy — are the 
offspring of this union. Politically, Mr. Grigsby 
is a Democrat, and religiously, is a consistent 
member of the First Baptist Church. Fra- 
ternally, he Is affiliated with the A. F. & A. M. 
(Blandinsville Lodge No. 233); also the .M. W. 
of A. 

GRIGSBY, William Edward, M. D., who is 
successfully engaged in the jiractlce of med- 
icine in Blandinsville, McDonough County, III., 
was born In Washington County. Ky., on Feb- 
ruary 16. 1802, a son of Redmond and Susan 
(Seay) Grigsby, natives of Kentucky. Red- 



890 



HISTORY OF Mcdonough county. 



mond Grigsby, who was a farmer by occupation, 
came to Blandinsville Township in 1886, and 
here the subject of this sketch received his 
primary education in the common schools of his 
neighborhood, after which he attended Pleasant 
Grove Academy. He pursued a course of med- 
icine and surgery in the Louisville Medical 
College, from which he was graduated in 1892, 
then came to Blandinsville and commenced 
practicing his profession in 1893. His practice 
extends over the town and its immediate vicin- 
ity, and has proved quite successful. 

In 1887, Dr. Grigsby was married to Mary L. 
Bushnell, a native of Blandinsville Township, 
and two children are the offspring of this union 
— Gayle and Francis. Religiously, Dr. Grigsby 
adheres to the Baptist faith. Politically, he is 
a Democrat, and fraternally, he is affiliated 
witti the A. F. & A. M., being a member of 
Blandinsville Lodge No. 233, Blandinsville 
Chapter No. 208 and Macomb Command- 
ery No. Gl. 

HAINLINE, Jacob, one of the oldest representa- 
tives of the agricultural class in McDonough 
County, 111., whose home is in Hire Township, 
was born in Montgomery County, Ky., October 
26, 1836, the son of Jacob and Celia (Cock- 
rell) Hainline. who were natives of the same 
State. .Jacob Hainline, Sr., came to McDonough 
County in 1838, and applied himself to farming 
in Hire Township for the remainder of his life. 
He died about 1865. 

The subject of this sketch accompanied his 
parents to this county and has lived in Hire 
Township ever since. His farm, which contains 
about 500 acres, is situated in Section 17. On 
this Mr. Hainline has made all the improve- 
ments. He is engaged in general farming, and 
also raises stock to some extent. On .January 
12, 1859, Mr. Hainline was united in marriage 
with Kate Branham, who was born in Missouri 
and came to Hancock County, 111., when she 
was a baby. The children resulting from this , 
union were as follows: Ella (Mrs. .Job Ell- 
rich), Agnes, Grace (wife of W. H. Love). Irma 
and Ethel. Politically, Mr. Hainline belongs to 
the Republican party. 

The substantial landed possessions acquired 
by Mr. Hainline are the clearest evidence of the 
industry, perseverance and frugality which have 
been the distinguishing characteristics of his 
long residence in McDonough County. These 



qualities have been fitly supplemented by his 
everywhere recognized honesty and reliability. 

HAINLINE, William Henry, at present Post- 
master of the city of Macomb. McDonough 
County, 111., was born in what is now Emmet 
Township, that county, .July 29, 1841. His par- 
ents were John D. and Margaret A. (Douthitt) 
Hainline, natives of Montgomery County, Ky, 
His father was born September 14, 1816, and 
his mother's birth took place March 14, 1818. 
John D. Hainline. who was a farmer by occu- 
pation, was reared to manhood in Kentucky, 
where he married Margaret Douthitt. He came 
to Illinois in 1838, and settled in Emmet Town- 
ship, McDonough County, where he carried on 
farming during the remainder of his life. He 
died in December, 1901, his wife having pre- 
ceded him to the grave in 18G9. He was an 
intelligent, upright and well-disposed man. and 
was notable for his hospitality. George Hain- 
line, John D. Hainline's father, was born about 
the year 1794. His father, John Hainline, came 
from North Crrolina to Kentucky at the same 
time as did Daniel Boone, and was with that 
celebrated pioneer when he settled at a frontier 
post called Bryant Station, near where now is 
the city of Lexington. George Hainline's wife 
was a lady of English descent, named Cock- 
erill. and an aunt of ex-United States Senator 
Cockerill, of Missouri. The great-grandfather 
of W. H. Hainline's mother was a member of 
the- Castleman family, now prominent in Ken- 
tucky. William H. Hainline was reared to 
farm work, and in the winters of his boyhood 
attended the common school in his neighbor- 
hood, where he wrestled with McGuffey's Read- 
ers, the Elementary "blue black" spelling book, 
Kirkham's Grammar, and Pike's and Ray's 
arithmetics. In 1859, when eighteen years old, 
he went to Pike's Peak with an ox-team; gold 
did not pan out for him and he returned the 
same year. In April, 1861, he enlisted in Com- 
pany A. Sixteenth Regiment Illinois Volunteer 
Infantry, for three years' service in the Civil 
War. On the expiration of his term he re-en- 
listed, and served until the close of the war, 
when he was mustered out, July 8, 1865, at 
Louisville. Ky. On coming home he was (un- 
expectedly to himself) nominated for the coun- 
ty treasurership. He was elected to that office, 
and moved to Macomb, occupying the house in 
which he now lives. After his two years' term 




MRS. THOMAS D. KIRK 



HISTORY OF Mcdonough county. 



891 



as County Treasurer he was ensaged two years 
in the drug business, in partnership with P. 
H. Delaney. He sold out his interest, and in 
1870 purchased a half-interest in the "Macomb 
,Ioiirnal" printing office; in ISSl, l)ougiit the 
hall-inierest of his partner, B. R. Hampton. 
Mr. Hainlin-i became one of the stocliholders 
of the Frost Sewer Pipe Company on its organ- 
ization. Kor over a third of a century he has 
been actively identified with the County Fair 
Association, of which he was Secretary for 
twenty-five years, and was President three years 
since 1902. declining re-election in 190.i. He was 
one of the leading spirits in securing the loca- 
tion of the Illinois State Normal School in 
Macomb, and few public enter|)rises of any 
moment in this section have been develojied 
without the active and energetic assistance of 
his helping hand. To him the mutual and edu- 
cational interests of Macomb are as largely in- 
debted as to any other man now living. 

On .lune 12. l.Sdt;, Mr. Hainline was united in 
marriage, in Fulton County, 111., with Victoria 
Schleich. who was born November 4, 1S4:}, in 
Wurtemberg, Germany, and died February 24. 
1874. Two children were the offspring of this 
union — Maude Lincoln Meloan. who was born 
September 29, isr.9, and died March 7. 1904: 
and Mildred Douthitt Walker, born .lune 2, 1872. 
On .Tanuary 24, 1879, Mr. Hainline was married, 
in Chicago, to Katherine Leslie Voorhees. This 
union resulted in two children, namely: Jean 
Leslie Rudolph, born .June MO, 188.3, and .\n- 
drew Leslie, iKirn December 2S, 1887. In poli- 
tics, Mr. Hainline is an inflexible Republican, 
and one of the most earnest workers among the 
local leaders of his party. He represented 
his Congressional District for six years on the 
State Republican Committee, refusing a re-elec- 
tion in 1898. Besides his incumbency in the 
office of County Treasurer and that of Postmas- 
ter, he has served the public two terms as 
Supervisor, 1875-77; one term as Alderman, 
1868-70; and one term as Mayor, 1.893-95. He 
was appointed Postmaster in 1898, was re-ap- 
pointed on the expiration of his first term, and 
re-appointed for a third time in .luly, 1901). He 
served four years as Trustee of the Eastern 
Illinois State Normal at Charleston, and four 
years of the State Board of Education and as 
Trustee of the State Normal at Normal. Fra- 
ternally, the subject of this sketch is affiliated 
with ,\ F. & A. M The first lodge he joined 



was the Goo<l Templars. He is also identified 
with the K. of P.. G. A. R., and a number of 
secret insurance societies. He has been editor 
and publisher of the "Macomb Journal" for 
thirty-five years, and he enters into the spirit 
of any movement conducive to the welfare of 
the community with a zeal which is a guarantee 
of his earnest effort. In personal demeanor 
he is kindly and affable, and has a hearty 
greeting for all within the range of his 
acquaintance. 

HAMILTON, George W.— For two and fifty 
years of its history Prairie City has profited 
by the zeal and public s|)irit of George W. 
Hamilton, known first as an agriculturist, later 
as a merchant, and in the present as a retired 
but still interested and helpful observer of 
its growing fortunes. Born in Morrisville, 
Bucks County, Pa.. September 24, 1829, Mr. 
Hamilton is of Scotch-Irish descent, the son 
of Joseph A. and Mary A. (McCarren) Hamil- 
ton, the former of whom was born in Trenton, 
N. J., in 1799, and the latter in Ireland in ISOl. 
Joseph \. Hamilton was a shoemaker by trade 
who located in Canton, 111., in 18:57. and in 
1856 moved to Prairie City, where he died in 
1S85. His wife, who came to Philadelphia with 
her parents as a child, died in Prairie City 
in 1S7I. Her father. James McCarren, was an 
officer in the I'nited Slates Mint for many 
years. For ten years after his arrival in 
Prairie City, in 1854. George W. Hamilton en- 
gaged in general farming and stock-raising, 
after that devoting his attention to merchan- 
dising until his retirement from active life in 
1876. He has been twice married, his first wife 
being Hannah Hays, daughter of Samuel Hays, 
of Clinton County, Pa., whom he wedded in 1852 
and who died in 1878. Of this union there were 
four children, of whom one died in infancy. 
The other children were: Charles W., who 
married Lizzie Ackerman, of Prairie City, and 
who, after engaging in the mercantile business 
in San Antonio, Texas, returned home and died 
in Prairie City in June, 1901, leaving a wife 
and son. Don: William A., unmarried, who 
is a graduate of the Northwestern I'niversity 
Law School, and Is engaged in general law 
practice in Chicago; and George F.. who mar- 
ried Lizzie Hill, and is engaged in a I>oot and 
shoe business In Council Bluffs, Iowa. Both the 
surviving sons are Republicans, and members 



892 



HISTORY OF Mcdonough county. 



of the Masonic fraternity. The i)resent wife 
of Mr. Hamilton formerly was Martha A. 
(Foster) Cool<, widow of Captain John Cool<, 
of Fulton County, 111., and daughter of Ephraim 
Foster, of Bedford County, Pa. This marriage 
occurred in 1881. 

Politically, Mr. Hamilton has been in alli- 
ance with the Republican party ever since Its 
organization, and for twenty years has rendered 
efficient service as Township Supervisor, dur- 
ing four terms acting as Chairman of the board. 
His social inclinations are widely recognized 
and appreciated, especially among the Masons, 
he being identified with Golden Gate Lodge 
No. 243, A. F. & A. M., of Prairie City, Morse 
Chapter No. 19, of Macomb, and Macomb Com- 
mandery No. 61. He was master for twenty 
years of Golden Gate Lodge, and now is an 
officer in the Grand Lodge. Mr. Hamilton has a 
pleasing and confidence-inspiring personality, 
and a sympathy and enthusiasm which the 
passing of many years and the enacting of 
many roles have failed to diminish. 

HAMILTON, Robert H., a successful farmer 
and stock-raiser, of Macomb Township, Mc- 
Donough County, was born in Schuyler County, 
111., December 4, 1858. His father, John Hamil- 
ton, was a native of Scotland, and his mother, 
Margaret (Achinson) Hamilton, was born in 
County Tyrone, Ireland. The grandfather, 
Charles Achinson, was also of Irish origin. 
John Hamilton and Margaret Achinson were 
married in Philadelphia, Pa. They journeyed 
thence to Rushville, 111., coming by boat to 
Quincy, from which point they traveled by 
wagon the rest of the way. Robert H. Hamilton 
is the youngest of the three children born to 
his parents, and was but an infant when his 
father died. He was born on the farm and 
lived with his mother until he was eighteen 
years old, at which time she died. As soon 
as he was of age he bought his sister's interest 
in the homestead, and continued farming there 
until 1893, when, by additions, the extent of 
the farm had been increased to 240 acres. At 
that period Mr. Hamilton sold it and moved to 
McDonough County, where he bought 196 acres 
of land in Section 24, Macomb Township, ad- 
joining Bardol|)h on the south. On this he raises 
corn and oats, cattle, hogs, sheep and horses. 

On October 16, 1879. Mr. Hamilton was mar- 
ried to Elizabeth Malcomson, who was born in 



Youngstown, Ohio, where in girlhood, she at- 
tended the common school. Four children are 
the offspring of this union, namely: Carrie 
Mabel, born December 1, 1882, who married 
Howard Smith, of Douglas, Kans. ; Maude 
Esther, born January 24, 1885; John Robert, 
born September 18, 1888: and Eva Pearl, born 
November 5, 1890. Politically, the subject of 
this sketch casts his vote in favor of the Dem- 
ocratic party. Fraternally, he is connected with 
the I. O. O. F. 

HAMILTON, T. E. — Yet another example of 
the satisfactory results of intelligent, business- 
like farming, when conducted on the fertile and 
resourceful prairies of the Central West, is 
found in the rise of T. E. Hamilton, who, 
though only fifty-seven years of age, is in a 
position to permanently retire from active life, 
being at the present time one of the largest 
tax-payers in Sciota Township. Mr. Hamilton is 
a well Informed, popular and progressive man 
of affairs. The surroundings of his youth, 
while not affording evidence of great prosperity, 
were such as to develop a profound appreciation 
of education, refinement and consideration for 
others. Born in Pennsylvania March 12, 1849, 
he is a son of David and Rebecca (Morrison) 
Hamilton, both natives of Pennsylvania, the 
former being a school teacher during forty years 
of his life. The elder Hamilton was of an 
adventurous disposition, and as a teacher 
moved around considerable in his native State. 
In 1854 he came across country to Bureau 
County, 111., remained for six months, then re- 
turned to Pennsylvania, and four years later 
settled in Ipava. Fulton County, 111. He taught 
school continually during this time, and in 
1867 came to McDonough County, where he 
purchased eighty acres of land on Section 1, 
Sciota Township, formerly the property of C. 
V. Chandler, and for which he paid twenty 
dollars an acre. Here his death occurred in 
June, 1874, his wife surviving him until De- 
cember, 1SS2. 

T. E. Hamilton was five years old when he 
first came to Illinois, and eighteen when the 
family located on Section 1. Sciota Township, 
This remained his home twenty-seven years, 
and after the death of his father he bought 
out the share of his sister, consisting of forty 
acres, and added to this and his own share 120 
acres adjoining. In 1881 he was united in mar- 



HISTORY OF Mcdonough county. 



««;3 



liage to Mary McWhinuey, of Walnul Grove 
Township, who was a daughter of Samuel and 
Eveline McWhinney, early settlers of Mc- 
Donoush County. Mr. and Mrs. Hamilton are 
the parents of four children, of whom Grace 
is a student in the senior year at Oberlin Col- 
lege, while Ray. aged nineteen, Leslie, aged 
twelve, and Margaret, aged eight, are living 
at home. In February, 1895, Mr. Hamilton sold 
the old homestead around which gathered so 
many pleasant recollections, 'and purchased of 
.lames M. Yaple a half-section of land on Sec- 
tions IS and 14. Sciota Township, upon which 
he has ever since devoted his attention to gen- 
eral farming and stock-raising. So large were 
h's operations that a year ago he bought of 
Mrs. O. A. Robbins a quarter-section more in 
Section 13, and, at the present time, is on the 
eve of retiring from active life. He has been an 
important personality in the development of 
Sciota Township, and his efforts bear the stamp 
of thoroughness and thoughtfulness, and high- 
minded interest in the general happenings by 
which he has been surrounded. No one in the 
township has a keener appreciation of educa- 
tion, religion, and integrity as aids to greater 
progress and enlightenment, yet his activities 
have been of the quiet kind, centered largely in 
his home and among his circle of stanch and 
loyal friends. He is a Republican in politics. 
a Presbyterian in religion, and fraternally, is 
a Mason. 

HAMPTON, Benjamin R. (deceased), former 
journalist and State Senator. .Macomb. 111., was 
bom in Warren County. Ohio, .\|)ril 12, i821, 
the son of Van C. and Klizabeth (Randolph) 
Hampton, the former a native of New .If»rsey 
and the latter of Ohio. The elder Hampton, 
who had been engaged in the woolen manufac- 
turing business in Ohio, came to Macomb. 111., 
in 1S40, and there established the first woolen 
factory in that immediate vicinity, which he 
conducted for a number of years. During his 
youth, the son. rienjamin R.. received hi.-> pri- 
mary education in the pul)lic sch(H)ls of Miami 
County, in his native State, meanwhile assist- 
ing his father in the manufacturing business 
in which he was there engaged, but soon after 
coming to Macomb, entered the office of Cyrus 
Walker, then a leading attorney of Western 
Illinois, where ne pursued the study of law for 
two years, at the end of that period being ad- 



mitted to the bar. In the fall of 18.55 he pur- 
chased an interest in the "Macomb Enterpiise," 
which had been established a few months ear- 
lier, of which he assumed the editorship, and 
for some years was one of the leading journal- 
ists in that section of the State. Originally a 
Whig, he promptly esjMJused the cause of the 
Republican party, and was one of the most zeal- 
ous champions of the principles represented 
by Fremont and Lincoln during the campaigns 
of 1S56 and 1S60. Retiring from the ".Macomb 
Enterprise" about ISfil, he served for at least 
a part of the time during the Civil war as a 
member of the Board of Su|)ervisors of Mc- 
Donough County, but in the fall of 1S65, re- 
sumed his connection with the paper which 
previously had taken the name of the "Macomb 
Journal," and which it still retains. In ,Iune, 
1S70, Mr. William H. Hainline became part pro- 
prietor of the paper, this relationship contin- 
uing \intil January. ISSl. when Mr. Hamilton re- 
tired, and a few months later established the 
"Illinois Hystander," of which he continued to 
be editor and principal proprietor until his 
death on March 27, 1886. 

In 1S70 Mr. Hampton was elected State Sen- 
ator from the McDonough District, serving in 
the Twenty-seventh and Twenty-eighth General 
Assemblies. Other offices held by him included 
those of Trustee of the town of Macomb and 
Justice of the Peace — the most important being 
that of Supei-visor during the war period. He 
was also a member and President of the first 
Public Library Board organized in Macomb in 
ISSl. 

-Mr. Hamilton was united in marriage .'.pril 
2, 18-45, with Miss .Angeline E. Hail, a daugh- 
ter of D. Hail, Esq., of Franklin, Ky.. and of 
the children born to them, David H. Hamp- 
ton, of Macomb, at different times connected 
with the "Macomb Bystander," the "Oalesburg 
Daily .Mail" and the "Macomb Sentinel," is the 
only one now surviving. 

HAMPTON, Van L., publisher and editor of 
"The Macomb Daily and Weekly By-Stander." 
was born in Macomb on December 29, 1860. 
His father was John Hampton, a native of 
Ohio, who came to Illinois in 1845 and settled 
In Macomb Township. His mother was I^eademia 
K. ( Bowen ) Hampton, also a native of Ohio. 
At an early age the subject of this sketch 
moved with his parents to a farm just north of 



894 



HISTORY OF Mcdonough county. 



Macomb, where his boyhood was spent. He at- 
tended the Macomb i)ublic schools and worked 
on his father's farm. When twenty years old 
he entered the "Independent" office, at Col- 
chester. 111., and learn^ the printer's trade. 
After learning his trade he worked in various 
printing offices until August, 1883, when he 
leased the "Colchester Independent" office, for a 
year, later buying the business, which he suc- 
cessfully conducted until August, 1894. In 1894 
he bought the "Macomb By-Stander," then a 
weekly paper, which he still conducts at the 
time of the publication of this work. In 1905 
he established "The Macomb Daily By-Stander," 
which has been successful. Mr. Hampton is 
a member of several secret societies, held the _ 
office of member of the Macomb Board of Edu- 
cation for several years, and for six years was 
a member of the Macomb Public Lilirary Board, 
being its President much of that time. He was 
instrumental in securing a gift from Andrew 
Ca'rnegie for the erection of the Macomb Car- 
negie Library Building and superintended its 
construction. In 190G he was made Secretary 
of the State Arbitration Board, and in 1907 
was appointed by Governor Deneen one of the 
Commissioners of the State Penitentiary at 
Joliet. Mr. Hampton has long been active in 
Republican politics, and for several years has 
represented McDonough County on the Repub- 
lican Congressional Committee. 

t 

HANKINS, Willis H., superintendent of the 

Macomb Pottery Company. Macomb, Mc- 
Donough County, 111., was born in Brown Coun- 
ty, 111.. November 30. 1854, a son of Augustus 
and Elizabeth (O'Neal) Hankins, the former 
born in New Albany, Ind., and the latter in 
Brown County, III. Frederick Hankins, the 
paternal gi-andfather, was of German birth. 
The maternal grandparents, Willis H. and Mary 
(Hannah) O'Neal, were born, respectively, in 
the vicinity of Lexington, Ky., and in that city. 
Willis H. Hankins is the eldest of three chil- 
dren born to his parents, the others being sis- 
ters. In his youthful days he received a suit- 
able education in the public and high schools 
of his native place, and at the age of eighteen 
years began work in the potteries at Ripley, 
Brown County, III. After working there ten 
years, he moved to Macomb, where he was 
employed by the Macomb Pottery Company, of 
which he was appointed Superintendent, Sep- 



tember 1, 1902, to succeed Fred V. Maxwell. This 
company makes a larger variety of pottery 
goods than any other concern of its kind in 
this part of the country. 

On May 19, 1878, Mr. Hankins was united 
in marriage with Belle Steadman. who was 
born and schooled in Schuyler County, III. 
The children resulting from this union are: 
Bertha Allyne, Harland H., and Ross S. Polit- 
ically, Mr. Hankins is a Republican. Fra- 
ternally, he is a member of the order of Mystic 
Workers and K. of P. The subject of this 
sketch is recognized as an expert in his in- 
dustrial line, and renders most efficient service 
to his company. 

HANSON, Amaziah, one of the oldest and most 
l)rominent farmers of Mound Township, Mc- 
Donough County, III., was born in Ross County, 
Ohio, on April 25, 1825. James Hanson, his 
father, was born in Mason County, Ky., No- 
vember 18, 1799, and his mother, Elizabeth 
(Mackey) Hanson, was a native of the State of 
Pennsylvania. Grandfather Samuel Hanson 
moved from Kentucky to Ross County, Ohio, in 
1800, and there died in 1832. His son, .James 
Hanson, came west and lived with Amaziah 
until 1883, when he went to his daughter's in 
Missouri, and died there on August 8th of that 
year. The subject of this- sketch bought a 
quarter-section of land in New Salem Township, 
McDonough County, in 1858, and moved there- 
on in 1862. In 1874, he sold this and went to 
Missouri, where he was engaged in farming 
for three years. Returning to Mound Town- 
ship, he bought 160 acres of land in Section 
30, where he has since lived. On September 
17, 1861, Mr. Hanson was married to Eliza Fry- 
back, a daughter of John Fryback and a na- 
tive of Pickaway County, Ohio. Her father 
was born in Pennsylvania, but went to Picka- 
way Plains in Pickaway County with his par- 
ents, and there married Letitia Emerson, a 
native of Antietam. Va. Mrs. Fryback was 
taken to Pickaway County by her parents when 
eleven years of age. Both wife and husband 
are now deceased. Of their family of twelve 
children, Mrs. Hanson was the youngest, and 
besides herself, only a sister and brother sur- 
vive. Mr. and Mrs. Amaziah Hanson have 
become the parents of the following children: 
Emerson, of McCook.Neb.. Claim Adjuster for 
the Burlington & Missouri Railroad Company; 




^^ 



HISTORY OF McDONOl'CH COUNTY. 



895 



Ralph, who is practicing medicine in Spokane, 
VVasli.: Greer, who is a dentist at l^ewL-itown. 
111.: Al.vra (Mrs. Higgs), of Hamilton, 111.; 
Ivan M.; Kdward K., who is engaged in farm- 
ing; and Anna Marie. The religious belief of 
Mr. Hanson is that taught by the Methodist 
Church. Fraternally, he is afflliated with the 
I. O. O. K., which he joined in 1855. Politically, 
he is a Republican. He served as deputy of the 
trial court, and as clerk for a few years, at 
C'hillicothe, Ohio, as Justice of the Peace and 
Supervisor in New Salem and Mound Town- 
ships and as Scht)ol Trustee. He represented 
McDonough County in the State Legislature in 
lS(iG, being a member of the committees on 
Canal and Canal Lands and Township Organiza- 
tion. He also did his utmost to locate the 
I'niversity of Illinois at Champaign. For many 
years Mr. Hanson has been one of the most 
conspicuous and useful citizens of McDonough 
County and his record is beyond reproach. 

HARDISTY, Pendleton G., who is engaged In 
farming on an extensive scale in the vicinity 
of Klandinsville. .McDonough County, HI., was 
born in that county on July 29, 1S5C. and in his 
boyhood took advantage of the opportunities for 
mental instruction afforded by the public 
schools of his neighborhood. He is a son of 
John and Jemima Hardisty, natives of Ulinois 
and Kentucky, respectively. The subject of this 
sketch is the seventh of nine children born to 
his parents. Since he reached years of matu- 
rity he has been engaged in agricultural pur- 
suits. He and his wife are the owners of 9Gn 
acres of choice land in Hire and Blandinsville 
Townships. McDonough County, where Mr. 
Hardisty carries on general farming and also 
raises horses, cattle and hogs. He is a sub- 
stantial and careful farmer, and pursues such 
methods of agriculture as to produce the most 
I>rofital)le results. 

.\Ir. Hardisty was united in marriage in 1900 
with Annabel Hicks. Mrs. Hardisty had eight 
children by a former marriage, namely: Lee, 
Orie. Ellis, Willis, Earl, Loy, Kent and Pearl. 
Mrs. Hardisty was born in Hire Township, 
McDonough County, 111., on May 4, 1862. Two 
children are the offspring of the present mar- 
riage — Harry and Irene — the former four years, 
and the latter two years of age. In politics, 
Mr. Hardisty favors the success of the Demo- 
cratic party. 



HARLAN, George T., one of the oldest and 
ino.';! prominent farmers in New Salem Town- 
ship, McDonough County. 111., was born in Mon- 
roe County. Ky., December 29, 1827, and at- 
tended the subscription school of Industry 
Township. He is a son of Wesley and Nancy 
(Greenup) Harlan, natives of Kentucky, where 
the father was born in Barren County. The 
paternal grandparents, Jacob and Sarah 
(Combs) Harlan, and the grandparents on the 
maternal side, Thomas and Catherine (Mcin- 
tosh) Greenui). were natives of Virginia. 
George T. Harlan is the oldest of ten children 
born to his parents, who first came to Schuyler 
County, 111., where they remained eighteen 
months, and moved to McDonough County in 
the spring of 1836. The family lived in the 
first log cabin on the prairie here, on the site 
of Jacob Raby's present residence, who is his 
son-in-law. After his marriage. .Mr. Harlan 
moved to a farm of 160 acres, which he had 
purchased in New Salem Township, and later 
bought 160 acres more in the south half of Sec- 
tion 31, that township. This land was ob- 
tained when it was raw prairie, and Mr. Har- 
lan has made all the improvements now ob- 
servable. At the time of his marriage he built 
the first house erected there, and he has fenced 
all the land and put up all the other buildings. 
His mother set out the first grove on this 
prairie. 

On December 25, 1856, Mr. Harlan was mar- 
ried to Tabitha C. Yocum, who was bom in 
Marion County, III., and came to McDonough 
County with her parents when she was an in- 
fant of one year, and received her education at 
Pennington's Point. Mrs. Harlan's father, 
.Major Stephen Powell Yocum, entered the 
Black Hawk War. as a private, but was mus- 
tered out a Major, outranking both Lincoln and 
Douglas. Her mother. Mary Dorris. was a na- 
tive of Sumner County, Tenn., migrating to Illi- 
nois with her parents at the ?ge of twenty-one. 
.Major Yocum was born in .Montgomery County, 
Ky. Mrs. Harlan's brother, George T. Yocum. was 
a member of Company C, Eighty-fourth Regi- 
ment Illinois Volunteer Infantry, during the 
Civil War. He was flag-bearer of his regiment 
and was killed at the battle of Stone River. 
After receiving his mortal wound he held the 
flag until it was taken from his hands by Colo- 
nel L. H. Waters. Commander of his regiment. 
As the dying soldier unwillingly gave the flag 



896 



HISTORY OF Mcdonough county. 



into the hands of his superior, his last words 
were, "Don't let the flag go down, Colonel." 
The children born to Mr. and Mrs. George T. 
Harlan now living are: Emma (Mrs. Jesse A. 
Pierce), of Clay County, S. D.; Inez (Mrs. 
Patrick H. McElhone), Kay County, Okla.: 
Ambrose, who married Nellie Atherton, of Scot- 
land Township, McDonough County; Julia (Mrs. 
Jacob Raby), of McDonough County, and Wini- 
fred, wife of Thomas Bean, of Sheridan, Wyo. 
Those who are deceased were: Horace A.. 
born April 9, 1S5.S, died MarcTi :5, 1,S(;(): 
Leroy P., born August 9, 1S59; James F., born 
April 6. 18C9, died July 16, 1869; Alma, born 
July 18, 1870, died July 20, 1906; and three 
who died in infancy. Leroy T. was killed by 
the falling of a limb from the top of a tree 
which he was cutting down on the old Wesley 
Harlan farm, which his father had bought. The 
limb struck him on the head, killing him in- 
stantly. He left a wife and one child. Mr. 
Harlan, the father of this family, has lived a 
long, industrious and useful life, undergoing all 
the privations and hardships of the pioneer 
period, and is now living in the enjoyment 
of that repose which he has earned by many 
years ot persistent endeavor. In political af- 
fairs Mr. Harlan is identified with the Repub- 
lican party. 

HARRIS, James, Jr.— The contemporaries of 
the Harris family in McDonough County in- 
clude all who have cast their fortunes within 
its boundaries for the past seventy-one years. 
Its members have been vigorous of body, in- 
dustrious of hand and clear of brain. Whether 
as dwellers in a rude cabin, the victims of 
privation and loneliness, and surrounded by 
game and other accompaniments ot frontier 
existence, or as promoters o'f the intelligent and 
successful land cultivation which links this 
State with the best in agriculture and stock- 
raising in the world, they have adapted them- 
selves to their most practical opportunities, and 
have risen to the business, political, educa- 
tional and religious energies of their environ- 
ment. Individually and collectively they stand 
out as strong and conscientious promoters of 
local stability and encouragers of clean, whole- 
some living, and sturdy, non-visionary ideals. 
Although at present the honor and worth of the 
family is vested in comparatively few, Jonas 
alone surviving of the seven daughters and 



five sons of James and Prudence (Harris) 
Harris, pioneers of 1834, all in passing have 
contributed to the growth of the county, and 
have left records worthy a noble New England 
ancestry and fine parental example. Of this 
large family none are better remembered than 
James Harris, Jr.. who was born in McDonough 
County in Deceml:)er, 1834, the son of Daniel 
(II.) and Laura (Mayo) Harris, who were 
natives of New York, the former born in 
Chenango County of that State in 1806. 

Isaac Harris, the first American ancestor 
of this family, and great-great-grandfather of 
the subject of this sketch, was a native of Eng- 
land, who came to America in the seventeenth 
century and settled at Plainfield, Windham 
County, Conn. His two sons, Daniel and Na- 
than, natives of Plainfield, married, respective- 
ly. Lucy Fox and Prudence Park, also of 
Plainfield, and James Harris (the son of 
Daniel), born in Plainfield, July 22, 1782, mar- 
ried his cousin Prudence (daughter of Nathan 
Harris), born in Berkshire County. Mass., in 
1785 — their marriage taking place December 
15, 1802. Daniel Harris, father of the subject of 
this sketch, was a son of James and Prudence 
(Harris) Harris, and was an older brother of 
Jonas Rude Harris, whose sketch appears on 
another page of this volume. (For additional 
details of family history, see sketch ot the 
latter.) 

The prosperity and thrift of his father, 
Daniel Harris, ot New Salem* Township, com- 
bined with his own industry and resourceful- 
ness, enabled James Harris, Jr., to obtain a bet- 
ter education than was the lot of the average 
farm-reared youth. A diligent pupil during the 
winter season in the neighboring school of 
Eldorado Township, he afterward took a course 
at Lombard College, Galesburg, III., and in 
time engaged in educational work In Vermont, 
Fulton County, and later ill the public schools 
of McDonough County. His later means of 
livelihood, however, was the stock business in 
which he was engai^ed for many years with his 
uncle Jonas, and strict attention to which en- 
abled him to accumulate competence. At his 
death he owned 1,000 acres of land. He was a 
Democrat in politics, but had no inclination or 
willingness for public office. Before her mar- 
riage the wife of James Harris, Jr.. was Ella 
Will, of Ray County, Mo., in which State her 
wedding occurred. One son. Daniel Octavius, 



HISTORY OF McDOXOfGH COL'XTY. 



8«J»7 



perpetuates the family name. The genial, kind- 
ly nature of Mr. Harris drew to him and con- 
tinued indefinitely, the friendship of many 
peoi)le. He was painstaking and methodical, 
and as an educator and stockman invested his 
undertakings with thoroughness and dignity. 
To know him was to know a reliable, high- 
minded gentleman, and one who has contrib- 
uted materially to the growth and prosperity 
of his well favored county. 

HARRIS, John, the oldest resident of Bush- 
nell, McDonough County, 111., and a member of 
the prominent pioneer family which gave its 
name to Harris Township, was born in Licking 
County, Ohio, March 22, 1815. His father and 
mother. John and Katie (Myers) Harris, were 
I)ioneer settlers of Ohio. The former was born 
.lanuary 20, 17S2, and the latter, March 10, 
17SI). In 182.5 the father walked from his home 
in Licking County, Ohio, with dog and gun, to 
Bernadotte Township. Fulton County, 111., mak- 
ing an average of forty miles a day. He soon 
returned on foot to Ohio, and brought his fam- 
ily with him to Bernadotte Township, whence 
a portion of the family moved to Harris Town- 
shi|) on Saturday, November 1, 1S27. The re- 
mainder followed in 1829. The removal from 
Ohio to Illinois was made by team, and the 
journey was mainly through a wilderness, and 
when the family located in the townships 
named, Indians were still not infrequently seen. 
The father built a log cabin in the midst of 
dense timber in the northwest quarter of Sec- 
tion 19, in Harris Township, and with the as- 
sistance of his sons, proceeded to clear away the 
forest trees. In this cabin the elder Harris 
lived about fifty years and devoted considerable 
time to hunting and fishing, game being plenti- 
ful and he being a crack shot. He died here 
September 11, 1877. his wife having passed 
away August 19, 1872. Both were members of 
the Methodist Episcopal Church and both were 
buried in the Marietta cemetery at Marietta. 
111. The father was always a total abstainer 
from liquor, and for forty years before his 
death used no tobacco. 

The subject of this sketch has in his pos- 
session his father's deed to the southwest 
quarter of Section 10, Township 9, Range 12. 
Licking County. Ohio, and also the conveyance 
of the Fulton County farm. The former instru- 
ment is dated June 25, 1817, and is signed by 



President James Monroe, and the latter, dated 
.luly 2(i. 1S2.'). is signed by President John 
Quincy Adams. John Harris, Jr., also has the 
Ensign's commission issued to his father by 
Governor Tiffin of Ohio. The old flint-rock rifle 
carried by John Harris, Sr., and called "Long 
Tom," is now in possession of his son, Michael. 
It is about seven feet long. Throughout his 
life Mr. Harris wore a hunting shirt and belt, 
never havin.g worn a coat. 

The F"ulton County homestead is located in 
the northwest quarter of Section 19, Harris 
Township, and is now the property of our sub- 
ject. On the death of John Harris, Sr., his 
fariji consisted of .320 acres. He and his wife 
lived together sixty-nine years, two months and 
twenty-four days, and their children were as 
follows: Nancy (Mrs. John Shaw), born May 
14. 1801, died October 24. 1888; Polly (Mrs. 
Thomas Barclay), born November 22, 1806, died 
December 2G, 1895: Thomas, born October 25, 
1808. died June 19, 1887; Patsey (Mrs. Silas 
Chase), born February 8, 1811, died July 27, 
1902: Isaac, born February 21, 1813, died Feb- 
ruary 11. 1903; John, the subject of this sketch; 
Susannah (Mrs. Charles Wilson). I><)rn March 
4. 1817: Katie (Mrs. Ambrose Day), born April 
16, 1819; Annie (Mrs. Zenias Morey). born Feb- 
ruary 5, 1822; Betsey and Rhoda, who died, 
aged eighteen and seven years, respectively; 
and Michael, of New Philadelphia. 111., who 
was born December 25, 1829. The ages of the 
parents and children aggregate about 980 years 
The seven mentioned as deceased averaged 
about sixty-five years in age, and the average 
of the five who survive is nearly eighty-five 
years. 

.lohn Harris, Jr., was favored with but 
thirteen days' schooling, which was obtained in 
a little log cabin in Fulton County, with slab 
seats and other primitive furnishings. For 
several years after he came to the county there 
were no schools. He remained at home until 
he was twenty-three years old. and. together 
with his brothers, industriously assisted his 
father in building the log home, to which an 
addition was afterward made, and in clearin-i; 
the farm. Here he grew to manhood. He 
helped to turn the first sod broken in Harris 
Township, and his father's was the first farm 
cleared in the township. During the progress 
of this work Mr. Harris slept at night on a 
pile of straw and lived largely on mush. His 



898 



HISTORY OF Mcdonough county. 



first neighbors in the township were the family 
of John McBeth. Wild turkey, deer and other 
game were abundant then, and after the first 
season there was a sufficiency of grain to fur- 
nish, together with the game, a comfortable 
subsistence. Wild animals also abounded, such 
as wolves, wild cats and panthers, and wild hogs 
roamed everywhere. Many of Mr. Harris' lambs 
and pigs were devoured by wolves. After his 
marriage he planted, at first, from four to six 
acres of corn, but later had good crops of wheat 
and corn, with some oats. The grain was milled 
at twenty-five cents a bushel and hogs brought 
from $1.50 to 3 per hundredweight. Salt, 
however, was $4.00 per barrel, bought at St. 
Louis, and delivered at Copperas Creek, Liver- 
pool or Havana. In the youth of Mr. Harris 
flax was raised on the farm and sheep were 
kept, his mother carding, spinning and weav- 
ing all the cloth used by the family. Mr. Harris 
has pounded corn in a mortar, as there were 
no mills in the county for five years after his 
arrival. For fifteen years after he came he 
wore no shoes or boots, but only moccaains. 
His first pair of shoes was made about 1842. 
The coat he wore at his marriage was much 
too large, and on a cold winter day in 1839, 
when away from home, he traded it for a calf, 
returning in his shirt sleeves. As time wore 
on, little log schoolhouses began to appear in 
the county, and in these and the cabin homes 
religious meetings were held, at which Peter 
Cartwright and the Haneys preached. A man 
of rudimentary qualifications was considered 
competent to teach school. At that period Mr. 
Harris' opportunity for schooling had lapsed, as 
the practical duties of life then confronted him. 
Mr. Harris well remembers the "deep snow" 
of 1830-31, which reached a depth of four feet 
on a level and from eighteen to twenty feet in 
drifts. The ungathered corn was completely 
buried, causing a dearth of bread; deer per- 
ished, and their bones were thickly strewn 
around; lambs, calves and pigs were frozen to 
death; cattle were almost starved, and intense 
suffering prevailed. The cyclone of 1835 is 
another event which is fresh in his memory. 
He was in Canton after its fury was spent, and 
saw houses demolished, unroofed, or torn from 
their foundations, and stock lying dead in every 
direction. He vividly recalls the great rainfall 
of the same year, during which many of his 
father's hogs were drowned, and the destructive 



hailstorm in 1850, which killed much stock in 
his vicinity. 

The fiist marriage performed in Harris Town- 
ship was that of Mr. Harris' sister, Katie, to 
Ambrose Day, and his sister Patsey (Mrs. 
Chase) was the bride of the first wedding in 
Fulton County. Still another sister, Susannah, 
who married Charles Wilson, lived in a rail pen 
during the winter of the "deep snow." before 
their cabin was built. 

In 183S, Mr. Harris was married by "Squire" 
Crosby to Emeline Brooks, of Bernadotte Town- 
ship. They began housekeeping with none of 
the comforts of home, being under the necessity 
of contriving a rough couch as a substitute for 
a bed, and of using other articles of rude con- 
struction. The children resulting from this 
union were Elizabeth, deceased; Elmira (Mrs. 
Greorge M. Humphrey), of Friend, Neb.; Vincent, 
deceased; and J. E. Harris, Mayor of Bushnell. 
About the time of his marriage, Mr. Harris 
entered eighty acres of Government land in 
Section 30, Harris Township, going to Quincy 
on horseback to perfect the entry. On this 
tract he built his cabin home. Mr. and Mrs. 
Harris lived together until her death severed 
the connection, which lasted more than fifty- 
seven years. Mrs. Harris was a member of the 
Christian Church. In politics, Mr. Harris is 
an earnest Republican, and was one of the sev- 
enty men who went out to meet Abraham 
Lincoln between Lewistown and Havana, dur- 
ing his campaign against Douglas in 1858. The 
facts which speak forth from this record of 
Mr. Harris' lengthy career make all words of 
praise superfluous. The splendid development 
of the region which was the scene of his many 
years of labor, endurance and hardships, is a 
sufficient testimonial of his worth, and that of 
his associates in pioneer experience. 

HARRIS, John Edward, a well-known farmer 
of Bushnell, McDonough County, III., of whicn 
city he is serving as Mayor, was born in Mari- 
etta, Fulton County, 111., on December 25, 1854, 
and after his public school days were over, pur- 
sued a course of study in Abingdon College. 
He is a son of John and Emeline (Brooks) 
Harris, and a grandson of John and Katie 
(Myers) Harris, members of the family after 
which Harris Township was named, a complete 
record of whose lives appears in another part 
of this volume. Mr. Harris was reared on a 




^J%uiJ 



' .^.y'. ^^c^y-L/XA/ 



HISTORY OF Mcdonough county. 



Hf/) 



farm until he was fourteen years of age, and 
lived in Harris Township. Fulton County, for 
the urealer iiart of the time until he moved 
into Biishnell. Here he is extensively inter- 
ested in the grain business, in connection with 
Mr. Warren, of Peoria. On December 9, 1880, 
Mr. Haris was married to Alice Hiett, who was 
born In the state of Virginia, and came to 
Pekin, 111., with her parents at about the age 
of six years. Four children are the issue of 
this union, viz: Mazie. Georgia. Ruble and Lee. 
The family resides on premises purchased by 
Mr. Harris from .1. E. Chandler, and it occupies 
one of the handsomest homes in McDonough 
County. In politics, the subject of this sketch 
is a prominent Republican, and is influential 
in the councils of his party. His first public 
service was as Supervisor of Harris Town- 
ship. Fulton County, in which capacity he 
served three terms. He has been Mayor of 
Hushuell since 1S91. and under his administra- 
tion of the city's affairs, fifteen blocks of brick 
pavement have been laid. In N'ovember, 1904, 
Mr. Harris was elected to the State Legislatui-e 
from the Thirty-second Senatorial District. 
I'nder his general supervision as Chairman of 
the Committee on State Institutions a number 
of creditable buildings were erected. He also 
acceptably served as a member of the Com- 
mittees on Elections. .Judicial Appointments, 
Municipal Corporations, Public Charities and 
.Appropriations, and had the satisfaction of as- 
sisting in obtaining liberal appropriations for 
such institutions as the Soldiers' Home, at 
Qiiincy. the Insane .\sylum at Watertown and 
various State Normal Schools. In his fraternal 
relations, Mr. Harris is affiliated with the T. 
.1. Pickett Lodge Xo. 307, A. F. & A. M., of 
Bushnell, and with the K. of P. Lodge No. 101. 
In his religious faith, he is a member of the 
Christian Church. Altogether, he is man of 
broad intelligence and high and forceful charac- 
ter, and has rendered valuable services to the 
community. 

HARRIS, Jonas Rude, a much respected and 
retired farmer, living in Section 1, Eldorado 
Township. McDonough County, 111., was born 
In Syracuse, N. Y.. April S. 1831, a son of ,Taraes 
and Prudence Harris, who were cousins, the 
former born in Plainfield, Mass.. .July 22. 1782, 
and the latter in Berkshire County, Mass.. April 
6, 1785. and being married December 15. 1S02. 



The paternal and maternal grandfathers, 
Daniel Harris and .Nathan Harris, were 
brothers, born in Plainfield. Conn. The grand- 
mothers on both sides. Lucy Fox and Prudence 
Park, were also natives of Plainfield, and the 
great-grandfather. Isaac Harris, who was the 
father of both grandfathers, came to the United 
States from England in the seventeenth cen- 
tury. Both of the grandfathers served in the 
Revolutionary War. All of the Harris ancestry 
in this county were located in Plainfield. Conn, 
.lames Harris, the father of .Jonas, lived with 
his grandfather in Connecticut after the death 
of his mother, who had been left a widow. He 
afterward went to Niagara Falls, N. Y., where 
he staid about three years, then spent eight 
years in Cayuga County. N. Y., removing thence 
to Syracuse, where the family lived twenty- 
four years. In 1834 he came to Illinois, and 
settling in Eldorado Township. McDonough 
County, assisted in developing that region. He 
carried on dairying, milking from thirty to 
forty cows and supplied cheese to neighboring 
towns. He located on and cleared the tract on 
which his son Jonas afterwards engaged in 
farming, and to which the father had secured a 
title before leaving New York State. The log 
cabin which he there built was erected seventy- 
one years ago upon the premises now occupied 
by .Mr. Harris. The farm contained 160 acres 
on the edge of the prairie and the remainder 
was covered with hazel brush. On this land 
James Harris devoted his attention to farming, 
and raised a large number of cattle. He died 
July 11, 1850. his widow surviving him until 
September 7. 1853, when she, too, passed away. 
The father was a pioneer of the Universalist 
faith, the first sermon of that denomination 
ever preached in the county being delivered in 
his yard. His son, Jonas R., who is also of 
that faith, has still the Bible owned by his 
father and used on that occasion. The elder 
Harris, before coming to McDonough County, 
was Overseer of the Poor of Onondaga County, 
N. Y. He was opposed to slavery, although 
favoring a compromise law to free the slaves. 
Jonas R. Harris is the fifth son (and yoimg- 
est child) of a family of twelve children, 
seven of whom were girls, all but himself being 
deceased. His earliest recollection pertains to 
the family journey by wagon from New York 
State. He remembers their arrival in a very 
wild region, where deer, wolves and prairie- 



yoo 



HISTORY OF Mcdonough county. 



chickens abounded, as well as wild pigeons and 
wild turkeys. On the death of his parents Mr. 
Harris inherited the home farm, besides an- 
other of 160 acres in New Salem Township. 
One of his sisters kept house for him until his 
marriage. On the northeast corner of the farm 
two acres were reserved for the family ceme- 
tery. Here one of his sisters was first laid 
to rest, and now he has three brothers and 
five sisters buried on this spot, besides his fa- 
ther and mother. In early youth Mr. Harris re- 
ceived the benefits of the primitive subscription 
schools in the vicinity of his home, and helped 
his father and mother as best he could. On 
reaching maturity he applied himself to farm- 
ing and handling stock on the property, and 
continued thus until his retirement from active 
labor. 

On May 22, 1S59. Mr. Harris was married to 
Mary M. Warner, who was born In Onondaga 
County, N. Y., and attended the common 
schools of New York and Ohio. Mrs. Harris* 
parents, James and Dency (Rust) Warner, 
were born respectively in Chenango County, 
N. Y., and Connecticut, were married in the 
Empire State and, coming west in 1854, set- 
tled near Blandinsville, where the mother died. 
The father died in Iowa. Mrs. Harris was the 
seventh of eleven children. In politics, Mr. 
Harris upholds the principles of the Republican 
party. He voted for Abraham Lincoln twice 
for President, and also favored his election as 
United States Senator. The subject of this 
sketch is among the few survivors of the group 
of men whose toils, privations and hardships 
made possible the present prosperity of the 
community in which he has lived for more than 
seventy years. He can look back over the 
eventful past without self-reproach, and to- 
ward the future with serene expectation. 

HARRIS, Ralph Erskine, proprietor of a heat- 
ing and plumbing establishment in Macomb. 
McDonough County, 111., was born in Newcastle, 
Ky., .Tuly 4, 1846, a son of Ralph and Mary 
(Wilson) Harris, the former a native of Vir- 
ginia, and the latter, of Kentucky. The 
maternal grandfather. James Wilson, was also 
a Kentuckian. The parents of Mr. Harris came 
to Macomb in 1848, their family consisting of 
ten children, of whom Ralph Erskine was the 
eighth. The father was pastor of the Presby- 
terian Church, and also of McDonough College. 



His son, Ralph E., received his early mental 
training in the public school, completing his 
studies at the age of fourteen years. He then 
learned the molder's, machinist's and pattern- 
maker's trades, serving three years at each. 
For fifteen years, he worked at the machinist's 
trade and conducted a novelty shop. In 1892 
he opened a heating and plumbing shop, pur- 
chasing the old electric light plant on East 
Calhoun Street, where he has since been lo- 
cated. In 1894, he took his son Ralph into part- 
nership with him, and they have developed the 
enterprise into the largest and best establish- 
ment of its kind in Macomb. 

Mr. Harris was married in December, 1872, 
to Mattie Jackson, who was born in Louisville, 
Ky.. and pursued a course of study in a semi- 
nary in that State. The children resulting from 
this union are: Florence (Mrs. A. J. Black), 
Ralph, Mamie and Leila. The political views of 
Mr. Harris are in accordance with the prin- 
ciples of the Republican party. Fraternally, he 
is affiliated with the Masonic Order. He is a 
keen and energetic business man and the son, 
Ralph, since his association with his father in 
their present undertaking, has co-c>l3erated with 
the latter in an able manner. 

HAVENS, Albert, M. D., who is engaged in 
the i)ractice of medicine and surgery in New 
Philadelphia. McDonough County. 111., was born 
in Mound Township, this county. June IS, 1875. 
a son of Henry and Catherine (Barber) Havens, 
natives respectively of New Jersey and Penn- 
sylvania, whose biographical record appears 
in another i)lace in this volume. The sub.iect 
of this sketch grew up on a farm and attended 
the public schools of his neighborhood, receiv- 
ing his higher education at the Western Nor- 
mal at Bushnell. and the Northern Indiana 
Normal, at Valparaiso, Ind. In early manhood 
he pursued a course of study at Rush Med- 
ical College, Chicago, from which he was grad- 
uated with the degree of M. D. in June, 1901, 
and in September of that year came to New 
Philadelphia and began practice, having been 
located there ever since. He has already built 
up a large practice which extends for miles 
through the surrounding country. Dr. Havens 
is credited with possessing those qualities of 
head and heart which assure him a successful 
career in his chosen profession. He is fri- 
ternally associated with the I. O. O. F. and 




H. S. LEIGHTY 



HISTORY OF McDONOU(".H COUNTY. 



901 



the M. \V. of A., and pnifcssionally is a mem- 
ber of the State and County Medical Societies 
and the American Medical Association. 

HAVENS, Henry, "ho has been ensa.i;ed in 
farmins in .Mound Township, McDonough Coun- 
ty. HI., nearly forty years, was born in War- 
ren County, .\. J., January 3, 1S2S. a son of 
\Villiani and Sarah (N'ulton) Havens, of whom 
the former was a native of New ,Iersey and 
the latter of Pennsylvania. Henry Havens 
enjoyed somewhat the advantages of the pub- 
lic schools in the State of his birth, and there 
grew up to mature years. On February 4, 1S54, 
he came to McDonougn County, and after re- 
maining there one year purchased a tract of 
land a mile east of Bushnell. on which he ap- 
plied himself to farming. This land he sold 
in 186S, and moved to Mound Township, where 
he bought ICO acres of land on the Fulton 
County line. Subsequently he purchased 260 
acres in Harris Township, Fulton County. He 
also owns eighty acres in Rushnell Township 
with eighty acres in Mound Township and 160 
acres in Friend. Neb., making a total of 740 
acres. During all his mature years he has been 
engaged in farming and stock-raising. 

In June, 1859, Mr. Havens married Catherine 
(Barber) Jackson, the w-idow of Joseph Jack- 
son, by whom she had one son, John Franklin 
Jackson, now living three miles southeast of 
Prairie City, 111. By this union Mr. Havens 
became the father of seven children: William, 
who died in boyhood; Daniei, married to I^aura 
Le Master, who resides on a farm two and a 
half miles east of Bushnell. McDonough Coun- 
ty; Emma, wife of James Fisher, who lives 
near .Manley, Fulton County, 111.; Louella, 
who married Gary Fisher, and is also a res- 
ident of Prairie City. 111.; Nelson, married to 
Mary Watson and a resident of Fulton County, 
living oi)posite the old homestead; Gertrude, 
wife of Irie Le Master, residents of Mound 
Township. McDonough County: and Dr. Albert 
Havens, a practicing physician of New Phila- 
delphia. III. Politically. Mr. Havens is a Re- 
publican. Although he Is past the scriptural 
period of the Psalmist, the subject of this 
sketch retains vigor of mind and body and 
looks after his farming interests. In every 
way he enjoys the confidence and respect of all 
his neighbors. 



HAYS, James F. (deceased), formerly a prom- 
inent and subst.;mtial farmer in Chalmers Town- 
ship. McDonough County. 111., was born near 
Bardolph. 111., July 7, 1853, a son of Harlwell 
and Sarah (Smith) Hays, natives of Kentucky. 
Hartwell Hays was a farmer by occupation. 
Mr. Hays received his early education in the 
district school in his neighborhood, and also 
attended college in Macomb, but was compelled 
to relinquish his studies on account of sick- 
ness when within three days of graduation. 
When he was a child his parents moved to 
Mfssouri, where, as he was wont to recall the 
fact, his evening task was to drive the cows 
home, and he could hear the rattle-snakes in 
the grass at his feel. After recovering from 
the sickness which terminated his collegiate 
course, Mr. Hays returned to the home farm, 
where he spent the remainder of his life. He 
was very successful in agricultural pursuits 
and accumulated considerable property. 

On Novmber 27. 1884. in Columbia, Ky., Mr. 
Hays was united in marriage to Bettie Hurt, 
who was born in that place March 16, 1S67. 
Her father was a luominent farmer, energetic, 
successful and i)opular. He was commonly 
known as "Uncle Bassett," and was noted for 
his generous disposition. Seven children re- 
sulted from this union, namely: Nellie (Mrs. 
W. B. Hurt). Flora. Carrie, William W., Ed- 
ward. Edna and .■\uliy. In jiolitics, Mr. Hays 
gave his support to the Democratic party. His 
fellow-townsmen honored him repeatedly with 
their votes, and he was nearly always the in- 
cumbent of a township office. He served as 
Highway Commissioner. Justice of the Peace, 
and held other positions of public trust. His 
religions connection was with the Methodist 
Church. Mr. Hays passed away from earth 
on January 19. 1904. His life was spent in the 
faithful discharge of the duties devolving upon 
him. He was upright, conscientious and pub- 
lic-spirited, and left a spotless reputation as a 
heritage to his children. 

HAYS, James W. (deceased), formerly one of 
the most favorably known and cordially es- 
teemed citizens of Bushnell. McDonough Coun- 
ty, 111., was born at Beach Creek. Clinton 
County. Pa.. August 18. 1823. a son of Samuel 
and Susan (Smith) Hays. Samuel Hays was 
a farmer by occupation and always lived in 



902 



HISTORY OF Mcdonough county. 



the same place in Pennsylvania. He was of 
Irish descent. The paternal grandfather was 
a Lieutenant in the Revolutionary War. In 
youth the subject of this sketch received his 
mental training in the common schools of Penn- 
sylvania, and remained in that State until 1.S47. 
At that period he journeyed west, and for two 
years plied a boat on the Mississippi River. 
In 1849. during the gold craze, Mr. Hays went 
to California, engaging in mining in the fa- 
mous gold region at Marysville on the Feather 
River. He was quite successful, and remained 
there six years. In 18.56 he settled in Illi- 
nois, locating on a farm two miles from Bush- 
nell, where he successfully followed agricul- 
tural pursuits. By diligent and energetic ef- 
fort and the exercise of careful methods, he 
pi-oduced results which enabled him to lay 
tip a competence of this world's goods. He 
was an upright, straightforward man, who in- 
spired confidence in those with whom he came 
in contact. Of a genial, kindly disposition, he 
won friends and retained their cordial regard. 
On April S. lN.5(i, Mr. Hays was united in mar- 
riage with Elizabeth Foresman. who was born 
in Lycoming County, Pa., and this union re- 
sulted in three children, namely: William Q., 
Sadie, and Lizzie (Mrs. S. L. Arter), living at 
Kewanee, 111., whose children are: Lois, Hays 
and Nola. Politically, Mr. Hays was always a 
Democrat and for several years represented his 
ward in the Bushnell City Council. Frater- 
nally, he was for a long period affiliated with 
the A. F. & A. M. He was also a charter mem- 
ber of his lodge of the K. of P., being at the 
time of his death the oldest member of that 
body. Mr. Hays departed this life October 29, 
1895, leaving a wide circle to mourn his loss. 

HEAD, Bigger. — At the remarkable age of 
ninety-four years and six months Bigger Head, 
a retired farmer of McDonough County, 111., 
is physically strong, mentally alert, tempera- 
mentally hapi)y and materially well endowed. 
While no two people attain longevity from an 
observance of the same rules of life, it is 
proved beyond the shadow of doubt that ac- 
tive, industrious and temperate people have 
first claim on borrowed time, and are the great- 
est strategists in outwitting the Biblical in- 
junction of three-score years and ten. This is 
emphasized in the life of Mr. Head, who has 
used hands, brain and heart with a full reali- 



zation of their importance as cogs in the com- 
plicated machinery of life. Mr. Head owes 
much to a rugged Scotch-Irish ancestry. He 
was born in Highland County. Ohio, October 
12, 1812, and is a son of William and Mary (Mc- 
Laughlin) Head, natives of Pennsylvania and 
Ohio respectively. His paternal grandfather, 
John Head, came from Scotland, and his ma- 
ternal grandfather, Robert McLaughlin, was 
born in Ireland. His mother rocked the cradle 
of fourteen children, and he was the fifth to 
arrive in the family circle. The early sub- 
scription schools of Highland County furnished 
his only educational advantages. These he 
attended irregularly during the winter season. 
Eventually he succeeded to the i)artial man- 
agement of the home farm, and remained un- 
der the family roof imtil he was twenty-one 
years old. In the meantime, .lune 20, 1835. 
he married the daughter of a pioneer of High- 
land County, Mary Lucas by name, who was 
also destined for a long and useful life and 
who accompanied his pilgrimage for seventy 
years, her life coming to a close February 17, 
1905, at the age of ninety years lacking six 
months. 

In 1852 Mr. Head came to McDonough Coun- 
ty, then thinly settled, and purchased three- 
quarters of a section of land on Sections 23 and 
26. Here he lived until 1872, when he bought 
170 acres in Mound Township and one eighty- 
acre tract on Section 1 in Macomb Township, 
which continued his home until 1895. He then 
bou.ght a residence in Bardolph in which to 
pass his declining years, and where he still 
lives, surrounded by many comforts, the affec- 
tion and good will of tried friends, and the 
companionship of pleasant memories. Well 
has he noted the changes that have swept 
over the county since he first settled on the 
wild prairies. Then the night was made drear 
by the howling of wolves, and many graceful 
deer fell before the expert marksmanship of 
the pioneer settlers. Evidences of Indian oc- 
cupation existed on every hand. The survival 
of the fittest was becoming a reality. Mr. Head 
has supported the Republican cause during the 
existence of that party, but has never invaded 
the ranks of oflice-seekers. His religious ac- 
tivities have been connected with the Meth- 
odist Episcopal Church. To himself and de- 
voted wife were born eleven children: Har- 
riet E., Ellen, James, Catherine, Maria, Rich- 




MRS. H. S. LEIGHTY 



HISTORY OF McDOXOUUH COUNTY. 



90s 



ard R. S., .lennie, Newton. Alice. JdIhi and follows: Bessie, Glenn, Claude, Charles and 
Hettie. Theodore. 



HEITHAUS, William B,, a well-kn()wn and 
popular resident of Hushnell, McDonoui^h 
County, 111., who is successfully ensased in the 
tailoring trade, was born in Cincinnati, Ohio, 
Aug:ust 10, 1870, and there received his early 
education in the public schools. He is a son 
of Bernard and Bernadina (Schulte) Heithaus, 
natives of Germany. The father was engaa;iHl 
In the shoe business in Cincinnati, where he lo- 
cated on coming to this country from Ger- 
many. William Heithaus learned the trade of 
a tailor, which he followed as journeyman for 
a number of years. In 1901 he located in 
Bushnell, where he carries on a thriving and 
up-to-date tailoring establishment in the First 
National Bank .\nnex. His patronage covers 
the territory for thirty or forty miles around 
Bushnell. 

On June li), 1903. the subject of this sketch 
was united in marriage with Lillian Schrichte, 
who was born in Evansville, Ind. Frater- 
nally, Mr. Heithaus is a member of the K. of 
P. Since establishing himself in Bushnell 
he has displayed those business and social qual- 
ities that make success a certainty. 

HELLER, J. W., who is prospering in the liv- 
ery business in Bushnell, McDonough County, 
111., was bom in Fulton County, 111., in 1S7.3, a 
son of John and Lydia (Zimmerman) Heller, 
natives of Illinois. The son was reared on his 
father's farm in Fulton County, and in boy- 
hood attended ijublie school in the vicinity 
of his home. In early manhood he moved to 
Iowa, and there followed farming for a pe- 
riod cf nine years. He then returned to 
Fulton County, where he was engaged in gen- 
eral farming and stock-raising until January, 
1903, when he bought out the livery stable of 
Albert Si)erry, which he ctmducted for some 
time. .Afterward he purchased Judd Wilson's 
livery, where he is now working nine head of 
horses, besides keeping a feed stable. He at- 
tends closely to his business, satisfies his cus- 
tomers, and has acquired a profitable patron- 
age. 

In 1895, Mr. Heller was united in marria-.;e 
with Maggie Quick, who was born and schooled 
in Fulton County, III. The five children who 
have resulted from this union are named as 



HENDEE, Nick B., a well-known merchant of 
Walnut Grove, McI>onaugh County, 111., was 
born in Bushnell, 111., December 8. 1868, and 
there attended public school in his boyhood. 
He is a son of Stephen A. and Sarah N. (Gro- 
nendyke) Hendee, of whom the latter was l>orn 
near Trenton, N. J. After his school days were 
over the subject of this sketch worked with 
his father in the latter's store in Bushnell 
until 1894, and was afterward engaged for 
three yeare as a shoe salesman on the road. 
He subsequently followed farming until Au- 
gust, 1904, when he took charge of a general 
store at Walnut Grove, where they also deal in 
grain and lumber and operate elevators hav- 
ing a capacity of 20,000 and 1,5,000 bushels. 
This venture has already pi-oved quite success- 
ful. On October 6, 1903, Mr. Hendee was mar- 
ried to Winnie E. Smith, who was born in 
Minneapolis. Kans. Politically, the subject of 
this sketch is a member of the Republican 
party. 

HENDEE, Stephen A.— I-"ew men have con- 
tributed so substantially to the commercial up- 
building of Bushnell and McDonough County 
during the past forty-six years as Stephen A 
Hendee. At the present time the general store 
of Mr. Hendee is regarded as one of the busi- 
ness bulwarks of Bushnell, having been estab- 
lished there upon his arrival in ISiiO. and since 
conducted at times with the aid of various 
partners. Mr. Hendee also has been one of 
the foremost and most extensive promotei-s of 
the grain industry hereabouts, and for years 
has operated six elevators in different towns 
In the county. To a capacity for making money 
he has added the faculty of investing it wisely, 
and his possessions at present include his town 
home, a farm of 247 acres in Walnut Grove 
Township, and an interest in the banks of 
.•\dair and Roseville. On both sides of his fam- 
ily Mr. Hendee is descended from pioneers of 
the Atlantic coast, having been born in the 
historic town of Hartford, Conn., March 9, 
1830. His father, Amasa Hendee, was born in 
Vermont, and his mother, Mary (Lock) Hen- 
dee, was a native of Rhode Island, .\niasa 
Hendee was a mason by trade, and in the pur 
suit of his calling moved from Connecticut to 



904 



HISTORY OF Mcdonough county. 



New York, Irom the latter State to Ohio, and 
from Ohio to Illinois in ISoS. Locating in the 
wilderness at Hackental's Bridge, on Spoon 
River, tour miles south of Lewistown in Ful- 
ton County, he plied his trade in connection 
with farming for the balance of his active life, 
his death occurring in 1IS4S and that of his 
wife in 1873, 

While helping to till his father's Fulton 
County farm, Stephen A. Hendee attended the 
early subscription schools at Hackental's 
Bridge. Duncanville, at the age of twelve years 
applying himself to a mastery of the miller's 
trade, which he followed until 1S49, He then 
went to Lewistown and clerked In the general 
store of Joel Solomon, from whose employ he 
went to that of N. Beadles, The gold excite- 
ment which swept over the country during the 
middle of the last century struck a responsive 
chord in Mr, Hendee, and in the spring of 
1852 he crossed the plains with an ox-team, at 
the end of six months arriving at the Hang- 
town mines, where he remained for two years. 
At the expiration of that time he came to the 
conclusion that mining was at best an uncer- 
tain business, and for a year was agent at the 
mines for the Wells-Fargo Express Company. 
Returning to Lewistown, 111., he bought out 
the stock of N. Beadles, and later lived and 
conducted stores in Marietta and Bardolph, 
111., coming to Bushnell, as heretofore stated, 
in 1860, 

November 8, 1858, Mr. Hendee was united 
in marriage to Sally N. Gronendyke. a native 
of New Jersey, and daughter of Daniel and 
Adriana (Nevins) Gronendyke. Mrs. Hendee, 
whose death occurred September 9, 1893, was 
the mother of six children: Luem B., born in 
1865, the wife of Clarence S. Clark: Adriana 
G., born in January, 1868, wife of F. E. Hicks; 
N. B., who married Winnie Smith; L. N., who 
is unmarried; Edward, who married Ada Lipe; 
and Fannie G., who is the wife of Albert Roach, 
Politically, Mr. Hendee is an independent voter, 
and with the exception of serving as Presi- 
dent of the first Board of Aldermen of Bush- 
nell, has never held office. He has been a 
member of many social and other organiza- 
tions in which the town and county abound, 
and is prominently identified with the T. J. 
Pickett Lodge No, 301, A, F. & A, M., of Bush- 
nell. He is a man of strict integrity, great 
capacity for industry, and unquestioned public 



spirit. His association with the town and 
county has been for its increasing betterment, 
and his business transactions give evidence 
of the most desirable and stable of human 
qualities. 

HENDERSON, William W., one of the most 
intelligent and substantial farmers in Scotland 
Township, McDonough County, 111., was born in 
Harrison County, Ohio, December 19, 1S32. His 
father and mother, William and Nancy (Rus- 
sell) Henderson, were natives of Westmoreland 
County, Pa, Grandfather Charles Henderson 
and Grandfather James Russell were of Irish 
and Scoth origin, respectively. The subject of 
this sketch is the fifth of nine children born to 
his parents. His birth 0''"urred on a farm, where 
he grew u]) to the age of fourteen years and 
attended the common schools of the neighbor- 
hood. At that period he drove the team by 
which his parents and their children journeyed 
from Ohio to the vicinity of Vermont, Fulton 
County, 111., where he grubbed 160 acres of 
land covered with heavy oak timber. Mr. Hen- 
derson remained there until he was twenty-six 
years old, and then moved to McDonough Coun- 
ty and rented 160 acres of land for eight years. 
At the end of that period he bought eight.v 
acres in Eldorado Township, on which he lived 
thirteen years. This he sold, and purchased 160 
acres of land in Section 21, Scotland Town- 
ship, and 160 acres in Section 10. In 1882 he 
moved to the farm in Section 21, where he now 
lives. He has added to this until he is now 
the owner of about 500 acres. 

On December 19, 1860, Mr. Henderson was 
married to Sarah A. Marshall, who was born 
in Fulton County, 111., and there attended pub- 
lic school. Six children resulted from this 
union, namely: Mary, Charlie, Carl, Rhoda, 
Ray and Marvel E. Charles married Agnes 
McMillen, sister of Dr. McMillen. a dentist, 
whose sketch appears elsewhere in this volume, 
and their children are Clare, Ross, Forrest, 
Lena and Harry. They reside on a fine home- 
stead of 320 acres, just north of the parental 
farm, Carl married Anna E. Kelly, a daughter 
of John Kelly, whose biography also appears 
in another part of this work. They are the 
parents of two children, Kelly D. and George 
W., ami the family lives on a farm in Scotland 
Township, Politically, Mr. Henderson supports 
the policies of the Democratic party, and has 



X) 



o 




HISTORY OF McDONOLCH COUNTY. 



905 



served as School Director for twelve years. He 
was the first among the farmers of his town- 
ship to install a telephone on his premises. 

HENDRICKS, James B., retired farmer, Har- 
dolph, .VUDonoii^h County, was born in Cham- 
paign County. Ohio, .luly 1, 1823. Mr. Hen- 
dricks was most fortunate in his ancestry, his 
grandfather, George Hendricks, being a sturdy 
German who took Catherine Boggs to wife. 
His maternal grandfather was Berryman Xln- 
derw(K)d. a native of Wales, who married Jane 
Humphreys. His great grandfather Hoggs 
served in the Revolutionary War. His father. 
Frederick Hendricks, was a native of Kentucky 
who married Nancy Underwood, a Virginian. 
.Tames B. was their third child, they being the 
proud parents of fourteen sturdy youngsters, 
eight hoys and six girls. The father died in 
Lamoine Township, McDtmough County, Feb- 
ruary 21. 1S79. 

Mr. Hendricks was educated in the public 
schools of Illinois, remaining on the homestead 
until 1S44, at which time he went to Quincy, 
where he learned the trade of a mason. In 
1845 he became interested in the lead mines 
at Dodgeville, Wis., where for nearly three 
years he had quite an interesting experience. 
At the end of this time he returned to Illinois 
in order to prepare for a trip across the plains 
to California. He was four months en route, 
and could, if he would, tell exciting tales of 
this episode in his life, but being a modest, 
retiring man, he always endeavors to escape no- 
tice and does not seek to attract the attention 
of the public by anything he may do or say. 

In 1S56 Mr. Hendricks and his brother 
bought a half-interest in the growing town of 
Bardolph. Here they built a tavern, store-house 
and blacksmithshop. Later they disposed of 
this property, and purchased 240 acres of land 
in Mound Township, which he retained until 
18.59. In February. ISfil. he bought a IfiO-acre 
farm in Lamoine Township, where he made 
his home until 1903. when he retired from 
active labor and settled in Bardolph. 

On October 25, 1S56, Mr. Hendricks was 
married to Hester A. Jackson, and one child 
was born of this union — Eugene. Mrs. Hen- 
dricks died July 21. 18(10. On October 7. 1862, 
Mr. Hendricks was united to Kllen King, of 
Champaign County. Ohio, and to them five chil- 
dren have been born: Benjamin F., Bessie, Dr. 
19 



W. W., John and Nora. In his political associa- 
tions, Mr. Hendricks is a Republican. He has 
served 'wo terms as School Trustee of La- 
moine Township, and. although nominally re- 
tired, leads a useful and busy existence. 

HENNINGER, John Wesley, M. L., LL. B.— 

Among the most widely and favorably known 
teachers in Illinois, and one whose career has 
gained for him honorable distinction and re- 
flected credit uimn the public school system of 
the State, is .lohn W. Henninger, of .Macomb. 
During more than twenty-five years of experi- 
ence in his chosen vocation he has held im- 
portant positions of scholastic responsibility, 
and the high degree of capacity and etficiency 
manifested by him in each successive connec- 
tion has constantly enhanced his reputation. 
Not only as a thoroughly equipped, resourceful 
and conscientious instructor has he exercised 
a strong influence in the mental development 
of large numbers of youth in various localities, 
but his administrative abilities have been im- 
pressed with beneficial and enduring effect 
on the local school systems of some of the 
principal cities of Illinois, and upon the offi- 
cial wori\ of State supervision of public in- 
struction. 

Mr. Henninger was born in Vandalia, Illi- 
nois. December 21, 18.t7, a son of John 
Bunyan and Amanda Ellen (Oglesby) Hennin- 
ger. His father was a native of West Vir- 
ginia, where he was bom November 23, 1819, 
while his mother was horn in Louisville, Ky., 
Februiry 12, 1823. John B. Henninger was a 
farmer by occupation. ;>nd his son, John W., 
was reared upon the paternal acres. The child- 
hood and early youth of the latter were spent 
in the manner common to farmers' sons, and as 
he grew older he was occupied in raising, buy- 
ing and shipping live-stock, together with his 
father. In boyhood he attended the common 
schools, and subsequently pursued a course of 
study at the Illinois Wesleyan University and 
McKendree College, where he graduated in 
1881. On leaving the last-named institution 
he adopted the profession of teaching, and for 
three years held the position of Superintendent 
of the Mt. Carmel (111.) Schools: that of Prin- 
cipal of the Rloomington (111.) High School, 
for four years; Superintendent of Schools at 
Charleston. 111., seven years: and of the Jack- 
sonville (111.) schools, five years. For three 



9o6 



HISTORY OF Mcdonough county. 



and a half years he was President of Western 
Illinois State Normal School. His worlv in or- 
ganizing and equipping the new State school 
was far-reaching and important, and won the 
confidence of the patronizing public; the total 
enrollment for the third year was over eight 
hundred. In 1887 Mr. Henninger was chosen 
President of the Southern Illinois Teachers' 
Association. In 1890 he received the degree 
of LL. B. and was admitted to i)ractice by the 
Su|)reme Court of Illlinois. In 1893. he was 
President of the Central Illinois Teachers' As- 
sociation, and in 1S94, President of the State 
Principals' Association of Illinois. He was ap- 
]X)inted Deputy Superintendent of Public In- 
struction for Illinois in 1895, and filled that 
office for one year. In 1905-06 he spent a year 
in post-graduate work in the University of 
Chicago and received the degree of Master of 
Philosophy. 

On September 2, 1890, at Quincy, 111., Mr. 
Henninger was united in marriage with Clara 
Kimlin, a daughter of Dr. Thomas and Louise 
Kimlin. Mrs. Henninger's father was a grad- 
uate of the University of New York. Three 
children have resulted from the union of Mr. 
and Mrs. Henninger, namely: Ellen Louise, 
born in 1891: Thomas .lohn, born in 1897; and 
Julia Kimlin, born in 1900. Politically, Mr. 
Henninger is a Republican, in religious belief 
a Methodist, and fraternally is identified with 
the A. F. & A. M., being a member of the Blue 
Lodge, a Royal Arch Mason and Knight Tem- 
plar. He is also affiliated with the Royal Ar- 
canum and Knights of Pythias. He is a man of 
genial disposition and sanguine temperament, 
and his views of affairs and men have an opti- 
mistic tint. Having been inured in his youth- 
ful years to the arduous toil of a farmer's life, 
he early developed a strong individuality and 
a faculty of sturdy self-reliance. He is ener- 
getic, diligent and persistent, and follows up 
any undertaking in which he is interested with 
indomitable perseverance. It has always been 
Mr. Henninger's habit to cultivate a wide and 
constantly extending acquaintance with men of 
all classes. He believes in the growing work 
and worth of men, and holds he has al- 
ways found inspiration in their fellowship and 
example. 

BERING, John D., a well and favorably known 
farmer in Section 32. Walnut Grove Township, 



McDonough County, 111., is a native of that 
county, having been born in the township where 
he now resides. May 11, 1851, a son of E. D. 
and Martha (Booth) Horing, natives of Penn- 
sylvania and New York, respectively. E. D. 
Hering was also a farmer by occupation, and 
followed that pursuit during his whole life, 
with successful results. The subject of this 
sketch availed himself, in early youth, of the 
advantages afforded by the district schools in 
the vicinity of his home, and after finishing 
his schooling was employed on a farm tor some 
time, working by the month. He then applied 
himself to farming on his own responsibility, 
on the Austine place, in Walnut Grove Town- 
ship for five years. In 1884 he purchased 
from David Brockway, eighty acres in Section 
32. Walnut Grove Township, which he improved 
and on which he has since made his home. Sub- 
sequently, he bought ei.ghty acres of .1. Detrick, 
In the same section, also eighty acres in 1896 
of the J. Detrick estate, situated in Section 28. 
In addition to general farming, Mr. Hering de- 
votes considerable attention to raising and feed- 
ing stock. 

On October 17, 1875, the subject of this sketch 
was united in marriage, in Walnut Grove Town- 
ship, with Frances, L. Detrick, who was born 
in the State of Virginia and came to McDon- 
ough County in 1866. Six children have been 
the result of this union, as follows: Josephine 
(Mrs. Brinkley); Cei)has, who is engaged 
in farming in Walnut Grove Township: 
Sadie iMrs. Chipman ) ; Ollle (Mrs. McKay); 
Charles, who is at home with his par- 
ents, and Earl, deceased. In politics, 
Mr. Hering is a supporter of the Demo- 
cratic party, and has rendered good service to 
the people of his township in the office of School 
Director. He is a careful, energetic and 
methodical farmer, and a public-spirited citizen, 
taking an intelligent and earnest interest in 
the welfare of the community. 

HERNDON, Baxter D.— Born May 6, 1864, on 
the place where he now lives, the subject of 
this sketch is one of the best known farmers 
and stock-raisers in Scotland Township. Mc- 
Donough County, 111. He is a son of Madison 
Herndon, who was born near Richmond, Va., 
and Margaret (Rexroat) Herndon, a native of 
the State of Kentucky. Her father, Peter Rex- 
roat, was also a Kentuckian. Madison Herndon 



HISTORY OF iMcDONUUGH COUNTY. 



907 



and his wife moved to Macomb, 111., after the 
first marriage of their son. Baxter, and there 
the father died in December. 1900. the mother 
having passed awa.v two weeks before. 

Mr. Herndon is the youngest of a family of 
five children who were the offspring of his fa- 
ther's second marriage. In boyhood he at- 
tended the public school in his vicinity, and 
lived on the home farm until he was twenty- 
eight years old. Then he went to Adair. III., 
where he was engaged in the general mercantile 
business for six years. At the end of that 
period he sold out and returned to the farm, 
which he has since conducted. This property, 
consisting of 190 acres, he purchased before 
the death of his parents. 

On September 1. 1SS4, Mr. Herndon was mar- 
ried to his first wife, who bore him two chil- 
dren: Charles and Bessie. The mother died 
September 12, 1890. and on November 1, 1S91. 
Mr. Herndon married as his second wife Louise 
Pointer, who was born and educated in Mc- 
Donough County. The offspring of this union 
is one child. — Mabel. 

Mr. Herndon is a member of the Methodist 
Episcopal Church, in politics, a Democrat, and 
fraternally, is affiliated with the Modern Wood- 
men of America. 

HERNDON, William Howard.— Of the prosper- 
ous representatives of the younger generation 
of farmers in McDonough County, 111., one of 
the most prominent is the gentleman whose 
name appears at the head of this sketch. Mr. 
Herndon was born in Scotland Township, Mc- 
Donou.Th County. .November 9. ISTfi. His father 
and mother. Elijah and I.ucinda (Clark) Hern- 
don, were born in Illinois, the former in Cass 
County and the latter in Morgan County. The 
grandfathers were Manson Herndon and Wil- 
liam Clark, of whom the former was a Vir- 
ginian. Elijah Herndon came to McDonough 
County in lS.")i; and engaged in farming in 
Scotland Township, where he remained until 
his retirement from active life. He now resides 
in Adair, 111., with his three youngest sons and 
grandson, Carl, the son of the subject of this 
sketch. 

William H. Herndon is the second in birth 
of a family of ten children born to his parents, 
five boys and five girls. Of these all of the 
sisters and one brother are deceased. Mr. Hern- 
don attended the public schools in his boyhood. 



and after his marriage lived on one of his fa- 
ther's places until the fall of 1900, when he 
and his brother Wilbur entered into partner- 
shi|) in working the home farm. In this con- 
nection he is still engaged. On Febraury 24, 
1S97, Mr. Herndon was married to Mary Mc- 
Farlan I, who was born in Macomb Township, 
McDonough County, where she received her 
early education. Two children blessed this 
union, namely: Mildred, born January 16, 
1.S9.S, and Carl, June 14, 1.S99. The mother of 
these children died October I. 1900. and Mr. 
Herndon was married again February 7, 1906, 
to Mamie Farr, of Industry Township. McDon- 
ough County. Mr. Herndon unites in religious 
worship with the members of the United 
Brethren Church. In politics, he is a Democrat, 
and fraternally, is connected with the M. W. A. 
and I. O. O. F. 

HESH, Philipp, who was actively engaged, 
for thirty years, in farming in Scotland Town- 
ship, McDonough County, III., but is now rest- 
ing from his labors, was born in Baden, Ger- 
many, March 23, 183.5. His jiarents. Philip and 
Marguerite (Hoffman) Hesh. were also natives 
of Baden. 

Mr. Hesh came to the United States in April, 
18.57. and on April 22d arrived in Lancaster 
County. Pa., where he worked on a farm until 
the outbreak of the Civil War, when he enlisted 
in Company A, Eighty-seventh Regiment Penn- 
sylvania Volunteer Infantry, and served until 
the end of the war. He then returned to Penn- 
sylvania, whence, in 1871, he came to McDon- 
ovigh County, 111., where he bought a farm of 
eighty acres in Section 4, Scotland Township, 
where he has since lived. In 1901 he abandoned 
active labor, but still looks after the farm. 
Mr. Hesh had a singular experience on one 
occasion, when he was digging a well. He fell 
into the well when the water was ten feet deep, 
but shot to the top so quickly that his under- 
clothing was not wet. 

On May 1. 1857. Mr. Hesh was married to 
August ina Needle, who was born and schooled 
in Baden. Germany. Eight children are the 
offspring of this union, namely: Jacob. Eliza- 
beth (Mrs. F. Stump). John, Catherine (Mrs. 
M. White). Emeline (Mrs. C. Ricks), Eliza 
(Mrs. H. Sweezy). Joseph and Mary. In poli- 
tics. Mr Hesh has maintained an independent 
stand He served as School Director tor twelve 



9o8 



HISTORY OF Mcdonough county. 



years, and as Road Overseer fifteen years. 
His religious connection is with the Lutheran 
Church. Fraternally, he is a member of the 
G. A. R. 

HICKMAN, Eliphalet.— Among the extensive 
owners of farming lands in McDonough County, 
and one who has been long a resident of Emmet 
Township, is the subject of this sketch. Mr. 
Hickman was born in Floyd County, Ind., 
March Vi, 1831. His father, James Hickman, 
was born in the State of North Carolina, and 
his mother, Elizabeth (Sisloff) Hickman, was 
born in the vicinity of Philadelphia, Pa. The 
paternal grandfather, .James Hickman, was a 
native of North Carolina. Philip Sisloff, the 
maternal grandfather, was born near Philadel- 
phia, Pa., and the maiden name of his wife, who 
was a native of the same State, was Hinckle. 
James Hickman, the father of Eliphalet, was 
a farmer by occupation. After living sixty 
years in Indiana, he returned to Virginia, near 
Stanton, where he died at the home of his 
daughter. 

Eliphalet Hickman, who is the seventh of a 
family of eight children, attended the district 
school in his boyhood and remained with his 
parents in Indiana until ISGl. At that period 
he spent a short time in McDonough County. 
Returning to New Albany, Ind., he enlisted 
August 12, 1862, in Company A, Eighty-first 
Regiment Indiana Volunteer Infantry, which 
was sent to Kentucky and followed Gen. Brass's 
forces through the mountains. Mr. Hickman 
was discharged on account of an affection of 
the lungs, in March, lS6o. He returned to 
Indiana, and as soon as he was able, came 
to McDonough County. In the fall of ISGo, he 
bought his present farm of 230 acres in Section 
4, Emmet Township. To this he has added 
from time to time until he now owns 1,000 
acres, one tract of eighty acres lying in Walnut 
Grove Township. He has bought the Davis 
Clark farm of 212 acres on which was a fine 
modern home. The tract lies in Sciota Town- 
ship one mile from Sciota, and here he lives. 

On February 3, 1SG4, Mr. Hickman was mar- 
ried to Tacy Wilkinson, who was born in La 
Harpe, 111., where in her youth she attended the 
district school. This union was the source of 
eight children, as follows: Elizabeth (Mrs. 
P. H. Hickman): Ruby (Mrs. F. P. Kellogg); 
Lilly M. (Mrs. F. G. Knight), deceased: Ona 



(Mrs. A. M. Brown); Luella, at home 
with her parents; Charles L. ; Grace (Mrs. 
F. G. Wilson), deceased; and Frederick E., who 
remains under the paternal roof. Politically, 
Mr. Hickman belongs to the Democratic party. 
He has served one term as Township Collector, 
and held the office of School Trustee for several 
years. 

HOLLER, David (deceased), formerly a pros- 
perous farmer in Macomb Township, McDon- 
ough County, 111., was a native of Pennsylvania, 
born .November 28, 1818. He was a son of 
Daniel Holler, also born in that State, his 
mother being a Miss Smale before marriage. 
David Holler came to Illinois and settled in 
Macomb Township at an early period. He 
bought at first eighty acres of land, on forty- 
two acres of which he carried on farming for 
three years. He continued buying land, as 
opportunity offered, until he had acquired about 
(JOO acres, all in Macomb Township. He was 
engaged In general farming and stock-raising, 
and in 1890 retired from active labors, moving 
to Bardolph, McDonough County, where he 
bought property and lived until his death, on 
March 28, 1902. He was buried in Oakwood 
Cemetery, at Macomb. 

On September 10. 1847, Mr. Holler was 
married to Lucinda Spangler, who was born 
in Pickaway County, Ohio. Eight children re- 
sulted from their union, namely: Eli, Sarah 
(Mrs. Joseph Gardn.?r). Manda (Mrs. Wil- 
liam Porter), Jemima (Mrs. William Clyde), 
.\elson, Frank, Ellen (who died in in- 
fancy), and David Allen, also deceased. 
Mr. Holler was a consistent member of the 
Methodist Episcopal Church. Politically, he 
advocated the principles of the Democratic 
party. The subject of this sketch was a man 
of upright character, and enjoyed the respect 
and confidence of all who knew him. 

HOLLER, Mrs. David, a venerable and highly 
respected resident of Bardolph, McDonough 
County, 111., the beginning of whose life in 
McDonough County dates back to the 'forties, 
was born in Pickaway County, Ohio, April 14, 
1830, a daughter of Reuben and Christina 
(Kramer) Spangler, natives respectively of 
Pennsylvania and Germany. Reuben Spangler, 
a farmer by occupation, was one of the most 
honorable, industrious and useful among the 





Jp 



HISTORY OF McDOXOlT.H COUNTY. 



909 



pioneer settlers of the Buckeye State. He was 
a son of George Spangler, a native of Pennsyl- 
vania, whose mother, Barbara (Patterly) 
Spangler, was also born in that State. At a 
very early period he went from Pennsylvania 
to Ohio, where he lived many years, following 
his wonted pursuit in Pickaway County. There 
he made the acquaintance of Christina Kramer, 
who came with her parents from Germany to 
the United States when she was but eight years 
of age. They were subsequently married in 
that county, and became the parents of twelve 
children, six of whom were boys. Six of this 
family survive, namely: Isaac. Reuben, George, 
Sarah, iMahala and Malinda. The father died in 
April, ISSS, at the age of eighty-five years; 
and the mother pa.«ise(i away when she was nine- 
ty-three years old. In religion, Reuben Spangler 
was a Lutheran, and in politics, a Democrat. 
In girlhood Mrs. Holler attended the public 
schools of Pickaway County, Ohio, and in 1847, 
she was united in marriage with David Holler, 
the year after her marriage accompanying her 
husband to Illinois. The iourney was made in a 
big four-horse "prairie schooner," and the 
young couple settled on a tract of land sit- 
uated two miles north of Macomb, McDonough 
County, where they lived during the winter fol- 
lowing their arrival. Their first dwelling was 
a log house with a clapboard roof, through 
which the snow i)enetrated so freely that it 
was found necessary to put the wagon cover 
over that part of it which was above the bed 
on which they slept. In the spring they moved 
to a place called the "Walker farm," located on 
the present site of Scottsburg, III., where they 
lived three years. Then they bought a farm 
lying two miles west of BardoI|)h, in the vicin- 
ity of what is now known as the Clay Banks. 
This they made their home until lS9i). when 
they purchased the pro|)erty in Bardolph. where 
Mrs. Holler now resides. On their advent in 
the new settlement deer were abundant, and 
were often to be seen in droves. When Mrs. 
Holler first espied them at a distance she mis- 
took them for sheep. Wolves in large numbers 
infested that region, and prowled about the 
thinly scattered dwellings, |)reying upon pigs 
and lambs. The family sheared sheep, spun the 
wool, carded it, and made their own cloth, 
blankets, etc. The pioneer house-wives made 
their husbands' and children's clothing. The 
price of calico was then thirty cents per yard. 



and there was but a single store in Macomb, 
at that time a small village. 

Mrs. Holler retains vivid recollections of the 
hardships, privations and arduous toil of her 
early experience in McDonough County, and 
often ponders in amazement over the marvelous 
transformation wrought in that region since 
she, a bride of seventeen years, first made her 
home in what was almost a wilderness. Re- 
siding with her in her comfortable home is 
her sister-in-law, the widow of Jacob J. Spang- 
ler, and both of these most estimable ladies 
are regarded with unfeigned respect and cordial 
esteem. A sketch of the lite of .lacob .1. Spang- 
ler, Mrs. Holler's brother, appears elsewhere in 
this volume. 

HOLTON, Henry A., a substantial and highly 
respected farmer, of Lamoine Township, Mc- 
Donough County, 111., was born in Westminster, 
Vt., March 15, 1829. His father and mother, 
William and Betsey (Mason) Holton, were na- 
tives of Vermont, the latter being born in Cav- 
endish, that State. His paternal grandparents, 
William and Olive (Rockwood) Holton, were 
also natives of Vermont, as were the grand- 
parents on the maternal side, Daniel and Betsey 
(Spaulding) Mason. The great-grandfather, 
Joel Holton, was born in Northfleld, Mass., July 
10. 17:W. and the great-grandmolher. Bethiah 
Farwell. was born in Mansfield. Conn., in 1717. 
She was a daughter of William and Bethiah 
Eldridge, of that town. Joel Holton was a son 
of John, born August 24, 1707, and Mehitabel 
(Alexander) Holton. of Maryland. John was a 
son of William and Abigail (Edwards) Holton. 
from Northampton. England. William was a 
son of .lohn and Abigail Holton. John was a 
son of William Holton who. in 1(>S4, came to 
Massachusetts, from Ii)swich, Suffolk County, 
England. In 163(5 he was the first settler of 
Northampton, Mass., where he died August 12, 
1791. His wife, Mary, died November 16, 1791. 
He was elected deacon of the first church of 
Northampton, member of the first Board of 
Magistrates, and Representative to the General 
Court. He made the first motion in town meet- 
ing to prohibit the sale of intoxicating drinks, 
and wis the first Commissioner to the General 
Court in Boston, in furtherance of that temper- 
ance measure. 

William Holton, father of Henry A., came to 
McDonough County in 1835, and settled in 



9IO 



HISTORY OF Mcdonough county. 



Bethel Township, on land bought at auction, in 
Section 30. His wife died in 1.S41 and he after- 
ward married Maria Sophia Waddill, by whom 
he had two children, John Wesley and Eliza- 
beth Rachel (Mrs. Jacob P. Myers). The sub- 
ject of this sketch was the second of six chil- 
dren. He staid with his father until he was 
twenty-one years old, and first worked out at 
grubbing for a neighbor to whom his father 
was indebted. He never had but a half-dollar 
of his own until after he became of age. When 
he came to Illinois he journeyed with teams and 
wagons, starting September 10, 1835, and arriv- 
ing December 14th, of the same year. Before 
he was twenty-two years old, Mr. Holton mar- 
ried and commenced farming on rented land. 
This he continued two years, and then worked 
one year for his oldest brother. At the end of 
this period he bought a farm of eighty acres, 
where he now lives, having added to it until 
he now owns 220 acres in Sections 26, 34 and 
27. He carries on general farming and raises 
cattle, horses and hogs. 

On February 4. 1851, Mr. Holton was mar- 
ried to Rebecca Scott, who bore him the fol- 
lowing children, namely: William S., who died 
in infancy; Mary (Mrs. John Cavot), John, 
Jeremiah, Catherine (Mrs. David Rodenhamer), 
Emma (Mrs. William 't". Price), who died De- 
cember 14, 1902; David, who is at home, and 
has one girl living; Amos, and Belle (Mrs. J. 
B. Ruftner), of Macomb. 111. Mrs. Holton died 
April 4, 1898. Mr. and Mrs. Holton also raised 
a nephew (his sister's child), viz.; James Allen 
Toland, who was born December 6, 1871, whose 
mother died when he was six days old, and who 
now resides at Downer's Grove, 111. Religiously, 
Mr. Holton is connected with the Methodist 
Episcopal Church. Politically, he is a Repub- 
lican. He enjoys the sincere respect and esteem 
of all who know him. 

HORRELL, Robert L., one of the oldest farm- 
ers in McDonough County, 111., both in point 
of age and length of residence, Is the much 
respected subject of this sketch. Mr. Horrell 
was born in Adair County, Ky., March 19, 1S25, 
and is a son of James and Lee (Carson) Hor- 
rell, the father of whom was born in Virginia 
and the mother, in North Carolina. The 
paternal grandparents. Oliver C. and Mary 
(Tate) Horrell, were natives of Virginia, while 
the maternal grandparents, James and Cath- 



erine (Nesbit) Carson, were of North Carolina 
origin. James Horrell brought his family to 
what is now Scott County. III., in the fall of 
1827. In 1835 he moved to McDonough County, 
and settled in Section 4, Bethel Township, 
where he first entered 160 acres of land, and 
later, 190 acres more. The father died in 1S42 
and the mother, in 1847. Robert L. Horrell 
is the third of a family of six children, four 
of whom were boys. In early youth he at- 
tended the common school and continued to live 
in the old hometead until 1856. At that period 
he bought the eighty acres of land on which he 
has since resided. He has seen Indians roam- 
ing over this region, ai;d many deer, prairie 
wolves, etc., in all directions. Mr. Horrell is 
engaged in raising horses, cattle and hogs. His 
main ci-op is corn for feeding purposes. 

On February 16, 1854, Mr. Horrell was mar- 
ried to Mary A. Kinkade, who was born and 
schooled in McDonough County. Six children 
resulted from this union, namely: Mary E.; 
William Hugh, John D. D., Harriet L. ( died in 
July, 18641; Clara R. (Mrs. E. T. Riden), who 
died in 1885, at the age of twenty-one years, and 
Robert Jesse. Politically, the subject of this 
sketch is a Democrat. He served as Supervisor 
six years. Tax Collector six years, and Road 
Commissioner three years. He was one of the 
first incumbents of the last named office when 
the township was organized. 

HORROCKS, Abraham, a retired farmer living 
in Bardolph, Macomb Township, McDonough 
County, 111., was born in Lancashire. England, 
July 5, 1832, a son of Thomas and Ellen (Kay) 
Horrocks, natives of England. Grandfather 
Horrocks was also of English nativity. In boy- 
hood. Mr. Horrocks attended school in his native 
country. He came to the United States in 1855, 
and located in Pottsville, Pa., where he was em- 
ployed four years at mining coal. At the end 
of that period he came to Colchester, McDon- 
ough County, III., where he worked at coal min- 
ing and brick making. In 1874 he started a 
brick manufacturing plant at Bardolph. which he 
operated until 1893, and then sold to Edward 
Chandler, who lost it by fire within a few 
months after its jjurchase. Long before the sale 
of the brick-yard, Mr. Horrocks had bought a 
farm, to which he moved in 1893. remaining 
there until February, 1904, when he returned 
to Bardolph to live in retirement. In 1883 Mr. 



HISTORY OF .Mcdonough county. 



911 



Hnroclis lost his right arm, which was torn 
off by being caught in a shaft with sprockets. 
He is also ailing wiih rheumatism which leaves 
him an invalid. 

In l^.'i.') .Mr. Horrocks was niarrifd to Eliza 
Fletcher, who was born and schooled in Eng- 
land. She died in ISSS. On January 29, 1890, 
.Mr. H<irrocUs was married to Mrs. Kate iMar- 
chant, a native of Marsh, Cambridgeshire, Eng- 
land, who is the mother of two children by 
her tirst marriage: Harold H., of Kansas City, 
Mo.; an<l Elizabeth, who is at home. Mrs. 
Horrocks' first husband was Howard Marchant. 
a lawyer who was in practice at New Castle 
•on-Tyue, and died in England on July 1, 
18S8, and is buried at Ventnor, Isle of Wight. 
In 1889, Mrs. Marchant came to Illinois and lo- 
cated at Bardolph. In religion, .Mr. Horrocks 
adheres to the faith of the Presbyterian Church. 
Politically, he is a Republican, and traternally, 
is affiliated with the A. F. & A. M. He has led 
a very industrious and upright life, and enjoys 
the respect of all who know him. 

HORTON, Thomas.— The retired population of 
.Macomb, recruited from many callings and 
representing many types and nationalities, has 
among its members none who have more surely 
won the right to lay aside their accessori«'S of 
labor and withdraw from the ranks ot the 
workers of the world than Thomas Horton. .Mr. 
Horton is one of the substantial men of the 
town, and owns a commodious and comfortable 
home on South .McArthur Street. His busy 
hands have plied the tools of the shoemaker, the 
implements of the agriculturist, and the death- 
dealing weapons of the soldier. To all of these 
he has lent dignity and understanding. 

From an English ancestry Mr. Horton inher- 
its the strong afed self-reliant traits which have 
assisted in achieving his merited success and 
won the confidence of his fellowmen. Born in 
the south midland county of .Northampton, F;ng- 
land, June 2, 1832, he is a son of Joseph and 
Jane (Haddon) Horton. who, after spending 
[lart of their lives in Southamptonshire, came 
to Schuyler County, III., in 1854, and lived there 
until their decease. The necessity for early 
self-supiiort resulted in the retirement of the 
youth from the school-room and his ap- 
prenticeship at the shoemaker's bench. At 
the age of eighteen years, equipped with 
his useful trade, unbounded faith in the 



future and the physical endurance of the 
average English-bred youth, he immigrated to 
the United States, and soon after arrived at 
Littleton. Schuyler County, 111. In 1850 this re- 
gion was thinly settled, but its fertility proITl' 
ised much for both shoemaking and agriculture, 
to both of which the young man had turned his 
attention. Eventually he purchased forty acres 
of land near Littleton, to which he later added 
IfiO acres more, making this his home until 
1880, when, although still retaining ownership 
of this farm until issfi. he retired from active 
life, locating at Industry, McDonough County, 
where he lived ten years. He then spent some 
time in Iowa, afterward living for eighteen 
months in Blandinsville, McDonough County, 
finally, in 1893, settling in Macomb, which sinca 
has been his home. 

On .\ugust 5, 18ti2, .Mr. Horton enlisted iu 
Company G, Sevenly-third Illinois Volunteer In- 
fantry, and while with the Army of the Cum- 
berland in Kentucky, was taken prisoner, au'l 
after being paroled remained in Benton Bar- 
racks, near St. Louis, from December 29th until 
the following September. He then was ex- 
changed and joined the Fourth Corps, First Bri- 
gade. Second Division of the .Army of the Cum- 
berland, under General Philip Sheridan, and 
during the remainder of his period of service 
participated in all of the principal engagements. 
He experienced practically all of the vicissi- 
tudes of war, and during July, 1864, while in 
Georgia, was wounded in the hand by the acci- 
dental discharge of a gun. He was honorably 
discharged with his regiment June 12, 186.5. 

In 18.55, five years after arriving in Illinois. 
Mr. Horton married Elvira P. .Middleton, who 
was born in Erie County, Pa., and was an early 
settler of Schuyler County, III. Mrs. Horton 
died in July, 1890. and on May 27, 1891, Mr 
Horton was united in marriage to .Nettie Max- 
well, bom in Harrison County. Ohio. Of this 
union there are two children, of whom Ruby 
i\. was born July 3. 1893, and Garnet J., Sei)- 
tember 17. 1894. Mr. Horton is a stanch sup- 
porter of Republican principles, although he 
never has been willing to accept official rec- 
ognition. He Is a member of the Grand Army 
of the Republic and finds his religious home in 
connection with the Baptist Church. As a 
farmer he established and maintained a high 
standard of labor, and as a man he has ever 
been respected for his honesty, high-minded- 



912 



HISTORY OF Mcdonough county. 



ness and devotion to the best interests of tlie 
community. 

HORWEDEL, August, a well-known and thriv- 
ing farmer of Eldorado Township, McDonough 
County, 111., was born in Baden, Germany, Sep- 
tember 14, 1840. His parents were John and 
Sevilla (Fischer) Horwedel, also natives of 
Baden, Germany. August Horwedel was 
brought to the United States in 1851 by his 
parents, who settled on a farm in York County, 
Pa, There the family lived until 1866, when 
all but August came to Fulton County, 111., the 
son following in 1866. His schooling was thus 
obtained partly in Germany and partly in Amer- 
ica. In Fulton County he was employed as a 
bridge carpenter on the Chicago, Burlington & 
Quincy Railroad for twelve years. At the end 
of that period he bought a farm of sixty acres 
in Eldorado Township, McDonough County, 
where he has since been engaged in general 
farming, raising hogs, etc. He is a thorough 
farmer and his labors bring forth substantial 
results. 

Mr. Horwedel has been twice mairied, his 
first wife being Sarah Plocher, a native of 
Pennsylvania, whom he married in August, 
1861, and who died December 20. 1869. She 
bore him three children — Jacob, Louis and 
Martha Wichert (Mrs. Cooney). His second 
marriage took place April 19, 1870, when he 
was united with Rachael Mercer, who was born 
in Noble County, Ohio, where she received 
her education in the common schools. Three 
children were the offspring of the second union, 
namely: Annie (Mrs. David Miller), and 
Frank and Elmer, who remain under the 
paternal roof. Religiously, Mr. Horwedel is a 
devout believer in the creed of the Catholic 
Church, and politically, is associated with the 
Democratic party. He has held the office of 
School Director in his township for nine years. 

HOUSTON, William W., M. D., who is suc- 
cessfully engaged in the practice of medicine 
in Good Hope, McDonough County, 111., was 
born on February 24. 1877, near Fountain 
Green, 111., the son of Thomas and 
Mary (Campbell) Houston. His mother was 
a native of Fannettsburg, Franklin County, 
Pa. Thomas Houston, the father, also born in 
Pennsylvania, at the age of six months was 
brougnt to Hancock County, 111., by his parents. 



and after reaching maturity, there followed 
agricultural pursuits until 1891, when he moved 
to Carthage, 111., and retired from business. 
The mother died in 1895. 

William W. Houston attended public school 
in his boyhood, meanwhile helping his father 
on the farm. In early manhood he pursued a 
course of study in Carthage College, and sub- 
sequently entered the Keokuk (Iowa) Medical 
College, from which he was graduated with 
the class of 1901. After taking a post-graduate 
course in the Chicago Policlinic, he located In 
Good Hope in July. 1901, and opened an office 
and commenced practicing medicine. He is re- 
garded as well grounded in the theory as well 
as the practice of his profession. The proof 
is in his patronage, which has already grown 
to such proportions that he is hardly able to 
attend to it, working night and day and driving 
two teams alternately. 

On June 25, 1897, Dr. Houston was married 
to Ethel Newland, a daughter of Andrew and 
Elizabeth (Kennedy) Newland, natives of Ohio, 
who reside near Carthage, 111. Mrs. Houston 
was born and schooled in Hancock County, 
111. Three children— William C, Sarah Eliza- 
beth and Nellie Carroll — are the issue of this 
union. In political contests, the t'octor sup- 
ports the Republican party. Fraternally, he is 
affiliated with the Masonic Order, being a mem- 
ber of Good Hope Lodge No, 617, A. F. & A. M.; 
Good Hope Chapter Royal Arch Masons, and 
Mystic Workers. The Doctor's office is with- 
out question the l)est fitted for the practice of 
his profession in the county, being equipped 
with an X-ray static machine, operating tables 
and sur,gical instruments, as well as quite an 
extensive library, rie ho' Js memberships in the 
Illinois State Medical Society and the McDon- 
ough County Medical Society. 

HOWARD, G. B., a well-known farmer, of 
McDonough County, 111., was born in Monroe 
County, Ky., in 1S48, a son of John and Cherry 
(Robinson) Howard, also natives of that State. 
The subject of this sketch is one of a family of 
fifteen children, all of whom reached years of 
maturity, and thirteen of whom are still living. 
He was reared on his father's farm in Ken- 
tucky, and in boyhood attended the public 
schools in his vicinity. In 1869 he came to Mc- 
Donough County, and worked for some time in 
Sciota Township. In 1873, he bought from 



> 

■z 

o 






r; 

H 
H 
r- 
m 




HISTORY OI' McDOXOL'GH COLJXTY. 



9r.? 



Mustine Brothers 160 acres of land in Section 
10. Sciota Township, where he engaged in farm- 
ing. All the improvements on the place were 
made by him. Since 1901. he has rented out 
the farm, and has been associated with John 
Yeast, in buying and selling cattle. 

In 1872, Mr. Howard was married to Sarah 
Argenbright, who was born in Indiana, and 
two children have been born to theni, namely: 
Hubert, and .May (Mrs. Cozad). 

HOY, Robert J., a well-known and prosperous 
carpenter and builder, of Prairie City, McDon- 
ough County, 111., was born in Paterson, N. J., 
December 23, 1859. a son of William H. and 
Maria (Blauvelt) Hoy, who were natives, re- 
spectively, of Orange and Paterson, N". J. The 
subject of this sketch came to Prairie City, with 
his i)arents. in ISfiS, and receiving his early edu- 
cation in the public schools of Prairie City and 
Avon. After being variously occupied in the 
meantime, he established himself in the con- 
tracting and building line in 1898. Among the 
many fine houses which he has sine built may 
be mentioned the residence of Adam Wagner, 
of Greenl)\ish Township, Warren County. 111.: 
that of Vernon S. Kean, in the same township: 
the homes of D. Douglas, in Lee Township, Ful- 
ton County, and Mrs. Homer Burch, of Fulton 
County: and the rc-sidences of Benjamin 
Welch, Frank Hubanks and H. C. Spurgeon, 
of Prairie City. The architectural ability and 
constructive skill manifested in designing and 
building these houses serve to indicate the su- 
l)erior altainnients and qualifications of Mr. 
Hoy in this line of endeavor. 

Mr. Hoy was united in marriage, on May 
2.'!, 188 J. with Nettie Bivens, who wi born and 
schooled in Prairie City, and their child. Pearl, 
died in infancy. Politi-illy, Mr. Hoy supports 
the policies of the Republican i)arf ■ and fra- 
ternally is a member of the Golden Gate Lodge 
No. 24X. 

HOBANKS, John, known as the proprietor of 
a thriving livery business in Prairie City, Mc- 
Donough County, III., was born in Knox Coun- 
ty. 111.. March 7, 1854. His father. Alfred Hu- 
banks, was a native of Kentucky, and his 
mother born in the Stale of New York. The 
subject of this sketch spent his early years in 
Kiat, Pulton County, III., where he was em- 
ployed In working on a farm. Afterward, for a 



lime he lived in southwestern Kansas, where 
he followed the same occupation. In 1895 he 
came to Prairie City and established himself in 
the livery business, in which he has been suc- 
cessful. Besides keeping horses and rigs for 
hire, he furnishes feed for a considerable num- 
ber ot "transients." Mr. Hubanks was united 
in marriage on September 17, 1881, with .lennle 
Dilley. a native of New .Jersey. Their union 
has resulted in six children, as follows: Abbie, 
Edna. Dessie. Zoe. Ross and Allie. Mrs. Hu- 
banks is a daughter of Simon Peter Dllley, 
a native of Hunterdon County, N. J., and 
Marguerite Ann Eyke, who was born in Somer- 
set County, that Slate. Her paternal grand- 
parents, Aaron and Sally (Shirts) Dilley, were 
natives of New Jersey and Pennsylvania, re- 
spectively, and had a family of fourteen chil- 
dren, of which her father was second in order 
of birth. Politically. Mr. Hubanks is a Repub- 
lican and his religious faith is of the Methodist 
Church. 

HUDSON, James.— Of James Hudson it may 
be .said thai oi)porlunity has never knocked 
vainly at his door, but rather has found a 
lighted candle to guide its approach, and, with- 
in, a mind and energy responsive to its prompt- 
ings and exactions. To this happy faculty of 
readiness do countless thou.sands owe their suc- 
cess in lite. In this instance, allied to business 
sagacity and practical common sense, it has 
raised this well-known |)ioneer to large land- 
ownership in Walnut Grove Township, to 
prominencf in polities, activity in religious 
affairs, and keen Interest in the pro- 
motion of education, good government, and 
other civilizing agencies. Mr. Hudson was 
born in Jefferson County, 111.. June lf>. 1839. 
a son of Edwin and Sarah ( Lyles) Hudson. 
His parents were of the South, the father be- 
ing born in Mecklenburg County. Va.. and the 
mother, in Hickman County. Tenn. They were 
married in Tennessee, and previous to their 
coming to Illinois in 1SS8. lived some years 
in the former State. About 1854 the family 
moved to Canton. Fulton County. III., anil here 
James Hudson completed his education in the 
public schools. In October. 186:!, at the age of 
twenty-four, he married Louise M. Green, and 
established a home of his own on a farm in 
Knox County, 111., where he lived until coming 
to McDonough County In 1868. Purchasing 



914 



HISTORY OF Mcdonough county. 



land in Walnut Grove Township, he added there- 
to as success permitted, until he became the 
owner of 872 acres of as fine land as is to be 
found In the Central West. Stud.ving agricul- 
ture from a scientific standpoint, and keeping, 
abreast of the times upon the multitudinous 
subjects of interest and use to the farmer, he 
came to represent the kind of countr.v life and 
effort which, from time immemorial, has been 
Increasingly associated with the foundation of 
communities. In 1896 Mr. Hudson retired from 
active management of his farm to the town of 
Bushnell. where he owns lour residences, and 
where he has surrounded himself with the 
comforts and refinements of existence. In early 
life Mr. Hudson subscribed to the principles of 
the Democratic party, and ever since has been 
a stanch and uncompromising supporter. While 
he ever has regarded politics as a side issue, 
he has been drawn into the vortex of prefer- 
ment by special executive and organization abil- 
ity. For seven years he has been a member 
of the Board of Supervisors of Walnut Grove 
Township, and since coming to Bushnell has 
been on the Board of Education for six years. 
One of the most hotly contested elections in the 
history of the county was that for the mayor- 
alty of Bushnell in the spring of 1905, the op- 
posing forces being represented by Mr. Hudson 
of the Citizens' party, and Mr. Harris of the 
Republican. According to the original count 
Mr. Harris won the election by nine votes, but 
fraud being suspected, a recount was secured 
upon the demand of Mr. Hudson, and it was 
found that he had been defeated by a majority 
of twelve votes. Political excitement probably 
never ran higher in the quiet, law-abiding town 
of Bushnell. The Presbyterian Church, In 
which he has been an elder, has for many years 
profited by the personal exertions and generous 
monetary support of Mr. Hudson, and he is a 
leader in its charities and enterprises looking 
to moral uplift of the people. Fraternally, he 
is connected with the Masons, being a member 
of the T. J. Pickett Lodge No. 307. Mr. and 
Mrs. Hudson are parents of four children: 
Zalmon, Eva Maud, Mary Lucretia and Rosa 
May. The practical and useful life of Mr. Hud- 
son is a reflex of his character. He is above 
all subterfuge, and especially in his political 
action Is he fearless in denouncing wrong and 
upholding right. To an unusually satisfying 
degree does he enjoy the confidence and esteem 
of his fellowmen. 



HUGHES, James M., a well-known resident of 
Blandinsville, McDonough County, 111., who is 
conducting a blacksmith and woodworker's 
shop, was born in Blandinsville Township, on 
June 26, 1851. He is a son of Austin and Ma- 
linda (Driscoll) Hughes, natives of the State 
of Kentucky. Austin Hughes, who was a farm- 
er, came in 1851 to the northwestern portion of 
Blandinsville Township, where he purchased a 
farm and followed farming for some years. 
After disposing of this farm he moved to Clark 
County, Mo., on the Mississippi River bottoms, 
and died in Scotland County, at Memphis, Mo., 
aged eighty-four years. James M. Hughes at- 
tended the district schools in early boyhood, 
and at the age of fifteen years learned the trade 
of a blacksmith, in Johnson County, Mo. In 
early manhood he went to Texas, where he re- 
mained three years. Returning to his McDon- 
ough County home on a visit, he was prevailed 
upon to work there at his trade, which he did 
during the year 1872. In the following year he 
opened a blacksmith shop in Blandinsville, and 
has continued at the same location ever since. 
In the rear of the blacksmith shop he conducts 
a woodworker's shop, and in both lines his 
industrious habits and close attention to busi- 
ness have secured for him a profitable 
patronage. 

On June 15, 1873, Mr. Hughes was married 
to Frances Mustine. who was born and schooled 
in McDonough County. Six children are the 
offspring of their union, namely: Gertrude 
(Mrs. Bloom); Ernest, who is practicing law in 
Iowa: Jessie (Mrs. Warrant); Bertha (Mrs. 
Griggs); Mary (Mrs. Grigsby) and Charles. 
Politically, the subject of this sketch is a Demo- 
crat. He has served on the Town Board for 
several years. Fraternally, Mr. Hughes is con- 
nected with the A. O. U. W. 

HUGHES, T. B., proprietor of a flourishing 
confectionery and restaurant in Macomb, Mc- 
Donough County, HI., was born in Hunterdon 
County, N. J., November 2, 1858. His father 
and mother, Jared and Rohana (Hartpents) 
Hughes, were also natives of that county. T. 
B. Hughes was the fourth of six children born 
to his parents, and after his course at the 
common school was completed remained at 
home until the fall of 1881. Then he worked 
on a farm near Bushnell until 1885. Subse- 
quently, he was clerk in a hotel for three years, 
and after leaving that position spent thirteen 



|:^ 




HISTORY OF .McDOXOUGH COUNTY. 



915 



years in fondvuting a depot lunch counter and 
restaurant on the north side of the public 
square. This he sold out, and came to Ma- 
comb, where, on November 24, 1902, he bought 
a con feet ioner.v and restaurant on the north 
side of the public square. He sold a half inter- 
est in this in Ausust. ]iMl2, to T. .1. Fennell. 
The concern nandles all varieties of confection- 
er.v, manufactures ice cream, and does a fine 
restaurant business. 

On February IH, 1891. Mr. Hughes was united 
in marriage with .May L. Hathwell, who was 
born and schooled in Bushnell. Politically, 
Mr. Hughes is a Republican, and although de- 
voting close attention to business affairs, takes 
an active interest in his party's success. He 
served four years as Alderman of the Second 
Ward in Bushnell. F'raternally, he is a member 
of the 1. O. O. F. 

HUNGATE, John H., lawyer and banker of 
La Harpe, Hancock County, 111., was born in 
that county June 2, 1S38. His early education 
was obtained in the i)ublic schools of his native 
place, and he afterward pursued a preparatory 
course in Knox College and Burlington Univer- 
sity. Subsequently he qualified himself tor the 
legal profession by taking a course in the Law- 
Department of Northwestern University, from 
which he received the degree of \Aj. H.. when he 
entere.l upon the practice of law in Macomb. 
From 1SG4 to 1S«S, he held the office of Circuit 
Court Clerk of McDonough County, 111., and is 
the author of the law requiring an index of 
court records. In 1868 he opened a law office In 
St. Louis, Mo., where he remained over four 
years. In 1874 he came to La Harpe, 111., and 
organized the Bank of Hungate, Ward & Co. In 
ISTfi Mr. Hungate was the candidate of his 
party for Congress, but met with defeat. He 
assisted in organizing the Title and Trust Com- 
pany of Peoria, III., which was afterward con- 
solidated with the Dime Savings Bank of that 
city. In January, 1907. the Bank of Hungate, 
Ward & Co.. was changed to the First National 
Bank of La Harpe. and Mr. Hungate became 
its President. He is President of the Board of 
Trustees of Gittings Seminary at La Harpe, 111., 
and President of the Board of La Harpe High 
School. At one time he and his partner, Mr. 
Q. C. Ward, purchased the First National Bank 
at Macomb, and converted it to a private bank. 
Mr. Hungate has been interested in banks at 



Good Hope and Sciota. McDonough County, and 
in Fulton County. On .May S, 1S7S, .Mr. Hungate 
was united in marriage with Florence E. 
Matthews, of Monmouth, 111., and they have 
four children: Ward, Edith, John and Harold. 
In fraternal circles, Mr. Hungate is identified 
with the A. F. & A. M., having been a Mason 
at Macomb, III., and is also a member of 1. O. 
O. F. He is a man of broad information, and 
has traveled extensively in the United States 
and Europe. _ 

HUNT, Henry F., a prominent farmer in Hire 
Township, McDonough County, III., was born 
in the county named on .\t)vember 14, 1S58, 
and in his boyhood enjoyed the advantages of 
the common schools in his locality. He is a 
son of Simon W. and Rebecca (Stookey) Hunt, 
the former a native of Tennessee, and the latter 
of Ohio. The paternal grandparents, Joshua 
and Abbie (Bacon) Hunt, were natives of Ten- 
nessee. Simon W. Hunt, who was a farmer by 
occupation, came to McDonough County in 1832, 
and entered land in Section ?<'■'>, Tennessee 
Township, where he was engaged in agricul- 
tural ))ursuits during the remainder of his life. 
He died in August. 190.3. 

Henry F. Hunt is one of a family of eight 
children born to his parents, six of whom are 
living. He grew up on his father's farm to 
mature years, and in course of time bought his 
present farm in Section 33, Hire Township, 
where he has followed farming and stock-rais- 
ing witli successful results. He is a man of 
sound judgment and upright character and is 
careful and systematic in his farming methods. 

On October 29, 1886, Mr. Hunt was united 
in marriage with Edie Young, a native of Mc- 
Donough County, and a daughter of C. A. and 
Rebecca (Ireland) Young, who were natives of 
Ohio. One child. Bernice, has been born of 
this union. Politically, the subject of this 
sketch is in favor of the policies of the Demo- 
cratic party. He has served as Tax Collector 
in Tennessee Township, and later held the office 
of Road Commissioner in Hire Township. Fra- 
ternally, he is a member of the order of M. W. 
of A. 

HUSTON, George B., the subject of this sketch, 
is the well-known Vice-Presid^t of The Huston 
Banking Company of Blandinsville, McDonough 
County. III. He is a son of Preston and Elmira 



9i6 



HISTORY OF Mcdonough county. 



(Berry) Huston. His father was born In Mc- 
Donough County, HI., his mother in Monroe 
County, Ind. George B. Huston was born and 
reared on a farm near Blandinsville and at- 
tended the district schools of the neighborhood. 
In eariy manhood he went to Colorado for the 
benefit of his health and, while in that State, 
was employed in the First National Bank of 
Delta. 

In September 1S95 the Huston & McCord Bank 
was organized in Blandinsville and George B. 
Huston was made Cashier and remained in this 
and position until 1905, when, by change In the 
firm and a reorganization as The Huston Bank- 
ing Company, he became Vice-President of the 
new organization. The other officers are John 
Huston, President, and Guy Huston, Cashier. 
The institution does a large exchange and 
banking business, having an individual respon- 
sibility of $300,000. It is a member of both 
State and National Bankers' Associations. 

On May 1, 1895, Mr. Huston was married 
to Sadie Graham, of Delta, Colo. Two children, 
Gladys and Preston, Jr., have resulted from 
this union. Politically, Mr. Huston is a Dem- 
ocrat, and a high degree Mason, is also a mem- 
ber of the Creve-Couer Club of Peoria. His 
influence in social and business circles is wide 
and permanent. 

HUSTON, John, a much respected retired 
farmer of Blandinsville, McDonough County, 
111., who is living in the enjoyment of a hand- 
some competency, was born in Blandinsville 
Township. September 6, 1848. He is a son of 
John and Anna ( Melvin ) Huston, natives of the 
State of Tennessee, where the father was born 
in White County. John Huston, Sr., came to 
Illinois in 1.S29, and located near Jacksonville. 
In the spring of 1830 he moved to a point six 
miles northeast of Blandinsville, where, he 
lived on his farm during the remainder of 
his days. He was a man of unusual ability 
and much force of character. He was a member 
of the convention held in 1847, for the purpose 
of framing a new Constitution for the State 
of Illinois, also served as Representative in the 
State Legislature 1850-52, and was the first 
County Treasurer elected in McDonough Coun- 
ty. John Huston, the son, is one of a family 
of eight children, of whom seven were boys, 
four of whom are still living. He grew to man- 
hood on the paternal farm, at intervals attend- 



ing the country schools and afterward taking 
a course in Abingdon College. Up to 1901 he 
continued his occupation as a farmer and fine 
stock-breeder, but is now Vice-President of the 
Huston Banking Company. He owns a number 
of large farms in McDonough County, which he 
rents out, and, while actively engaged in farm- 
ing, he devotes much attention to importing 
and breeding French Percheron horses. On re- 
tiring from the farm he built a fine residence in 
Blandinsville. which he now occupies. 

On May 1. 1870, Mr. Huston was married to 
Allie Lovitt, a native of Ohio, who was edu- 
cated in Abingdon College. Six childreen are 
the offspring of their union, namely: Lowell, 
Wendell, Guy, Elgin (Mrs. Schee), Ross and 
Errett. Religiously, Mr. Huston is a member 
of the Christian Church, in which he has offi- 
ciated as elder since 1871. Politically, he is 
a Democrat, and fraternally, is affiliated with 
the A. F. & A. M. The subject of this sketch ia 
a much read and much traveled man, of high 
intelligence and upright character, is one of the 
most prominent citizens of Blandinsville, and 
is regarded as a pillar in the business and so- 
cial fabric of the community. 

HUSTON, John M., a prominent and substan- 
tial farmer, who, tor more than forty years, 
has been pursuing his vocation in Blandins- 
ville Township, McDonough County, was born 
in Henderson County, 111., in the year 1838, a 
son of George and Catherine (Rowan) Huston, 
the former, a native of Virginia, and the latter, 
of Ohio. George Huston, a farmer by occupa- 
tion, settled in Henderson County at a very 
early period, and followed farming during the 
remainder of his life. The subject of this 
sketch is one of a family of four children born 
to his parents, two of whom are still living. 
In his boyhood he utilized the opportunities 
afforded by the country schools of his neigh- 
borhood, and, on reaching years of maturity, 
applied himself to farming on his own account. 
He moved to his present place in Section 1, 
Blandinsville Township, in 1864. At that time 
he purchased 185 acres of land from Israel 
Camp. He is also the owner of a considerable 
amount of land in Henderson County, where 
he has always been engaged in general farm- 
ing and stock-raising. In 1857, Mr. Huston was 
united in marriage with Lydia Duncan, who 
was born in McDonough County, where she re- 



I 




fmTj=-^3::>C^ 



HISTORY OF Mcdonough county. 



917 



ceived her early education in the district 
schools in the vicinity of her home. Five chil- 
dren resulted from this union, namely: Luther, 
Robert L., Mary (Mrs. Oaknianf. Burris and 
Thalus. Mr. Huston has served as School Di- 
rector for a number of years. Keligiously, he 
participates in the services of the Christian 
Church. Mr. Huston is a man of high stand- 
ing in the community, and is regarded as one 
of its leading farmers and citizens. 

HUSTON, Luther, a well-known and prosper- 
ous farmer, living on Section L'5. Blaiulinsville 
Township, McDonough County, 111., where he is 
the owner of i!00 acres of land, is a son of .lohn 
M. and Lydia 1 Duncan) Huston, both natives 
of the State of Illinois — the former, born in 
Henderson County, and the latter, in McDon- 
ough County. .John M. Huston has followed 
agricultural pursuits for many years, and is 
looke<l upon as a representative man in his 
vocation. A brief record of his life may be 
found elsewhere in this volume. Luther Huston 
was born in Henderson County, 111., November 
23, 18C1, and came with his parents to McDon- 
ough County when he was about twelve years 
of age. He was one of a family of ten children 
born to his father and mother, of whom six are 
still living. He was reared on the home farm 
and assisted his father in the work, meanwhile 
receiving the necessar.v education in the public 
schools of the vicinity. When he was twenty- 
one years old, he began farming on his own 
account and has thus continued ever since. He 
is engaged in general farming and raising stock, 
and has made most of the improvements on 
his homestead. 

On February (i, 1889, Mr. Huston was united 
in marriage w-ith Flora Welch, -who was born 
and schooled in McDonough County. Two chil- 
dren are the offspring of this union, namely: 
Callie and Royce. In political circles, Mr. Hus- 
ton is classed as a Democrat. Religiously, he 
is an adherent of the Christian Church, and 
his fraternal affiliation is with the M. B. of .7. 
The subject of this sketch is a conscientious, 
dutiful and thoroughly reliable man, and a 
useful member of the community. 

HUSTON, Preston. — The possession of eight 
hundred and seventy acres of land in McDon- 
ough County not only indicates the financial 
standing of Preston Huston, but is an evi- 



dence of the untiring industry, good judgment 
and integrity which have accompanied this 
popular promoter of agriculture to the thres- 
hold of his seventieth year. Nine years be- 
fore the birth of .Mr. Huston in Hlandin:-;ville 
Township, .McDonough County, on September 
14, 1S37. his parents. .John "and Ann (.Melvin) 
Huston, arrived from White County, Tenn., 
where they were born, and took up land which 
still echoed to the warwhoop of the Indian, 
and presented as noteworthy features the trails 
and wigwams of the dusky huntsmen of the 
plains. Blandinsville Township in 1829 was 
a promise unfulfilled, a ho;'e which flourished 
only in the heart of the settler who had 
strayed from his fireside in the eastern coun- 
try, and who, with but a log enclosure to shield 
him from the elements of the seasons, strained 
his muscles to accomplish the redemi)tion of 
the prairies. To such a task did the elder 
Huston dedicate his mature energies, with the 
result that he became one of the foremost till- 
ers of the soil in his township, and was its 
oldest surviving settler when his life's work 
was done. 

As opportunity offered, Preston Huston at- 
tended a little log school house near his home, 
but far the greater part of his education has 
been a matter of later research and observa- 
tion. He was trained to the gospel of indus- 
try, and his lal)or extended from the rising to 
the setting of the sun. His reward was the 
gift of a tract of raw land from his father, 
when he started out on his independent career, 
and, with this as a nucleus, he has advanced 
to his present large possessions. The farm 
upon which he lived so many years, and which 
he painstakingly improved to one of the fln- 
I'st properties in the county, was occupied by 
him until about twelve years ago, since which 
time he has made his home in the town of 
Blandinsville. 

Mr. Huston was married to Mary Klmira 
Berry, September 12, 1S61. She was a daugh- 
ter of the late Col. William Berry, so well and 
favorably known in McDonough County, and 
was bom in Monroe County, Ind., in 1S39. She 
died December 29, 1871. Of this union were 
born five children, of whom George B. is tne 
sole survivor. Mrs. Huston died. December 29, 
1871. and on May Ih. 1874. Mr. Huston was 
married to Mrs. Martha Campbell Berry as his 
second wife. .Mr. Huston has never desired 



9i8 



HISTORY OF Mcdonough county. 



or been willing to accept official honors, al- 
though he has stanchly supported the princi- 
ples of the Democratic party. His religious af- 
filiations are with the Christian Church, and 
fraternally he is a Mason. He is one of the 
ui)l)uilders of McDonough County who has wise- 
ly developed its latent possibilities, and his 
record is one which lends strength and dig- 
nity to its interesting history. 

IMES, Charles I. — From the workshop of a 
mechanic, through the difficult and enlightening 
I)rofessian of law. and a more varied general 
experience than falls to the lot of the average 
man, Charles I. Imes has advanced to what, 
by many thinking minds, is considered the high- 
est plane in the business world, that of man- 
aging partner of a reliable monetary institu- 
tion. The qualities which make the success- 
ful banker were as apparent in the early 'life 
of the manager of the Bank of Colchester as 
they are in his mature years, and it may be 
said of him, as of the majority thus employed, 
that he has gravitated irresistibly towards this 
larger and necessary occupation. Cautious, 
painstaking, conservative, not given to wast- 
ing enthusiasm, the master of details and the 
personification of accuracy, he is well schooled 
in those things which tend to public confidence, 
than which no more essential asset is at the 
disposal of the financial caretaker. In many 
ways Mr. Imes has distinct advantage over 
the men who have spent their entire active 
lives in the counting room and have diverted 
their activities in outside channels. The lat- 
ter have come in contact only with the financial 
side of men, have seen them only when they 
had money to deposit, or wished to borrow 
money. They have not beheld humanity in the 
action of its business. Much of the life of Mr. 
Imes has been spent in the open, in close 
contact with many pursuits which afford am- 
ple op])ortunity for the study of men and 
things from the broadest standpoint. In Ma- 
comb, 111., where he was born May 4. 1853, 
his father, William L. Imes (mention of whom 
is made elsewhere in this work), owned and 
operated a wagon and carriage manufactory. 
This proved the waiting opi>ortunity of the 
youth while still young in years. He gained 
first a practical common school education, and 
for one and a half years worked in the paint- 
ing department, and for a year and a half 



in the wood department of his father's man- 
ufactory. The next five years, during which 
he engaged in educational work, he also worked 
for three years in his father's blacksmithing 
department. His subsequent training in the 
Macomb Normal was made possible only 
through economy and ability to earn his own 
way, and his stern determination to secure 
the best possible mental training. 

In 1878. Mr. Imes, then twenty-five years 
old and a master of the wagon-maker's trade, 
began studying law with Crosby F. Wheat, of 
Macomb. So thorough was his preparation 
that he was able in 1881 to enter the senior 
year at the Union College of Law, Chicago, 
graduating with honors the following year. A 
fellow student with him at Union College was 
William J. Bryan, then in the junior class. 
While at college Mr. Imes read law in the 
office of Quigg & Tuthill and Cyrus Bentley. of 
Chicago, and after his graduation returned to 
Macomb, where for three years he was the 
law partner of his former preceptor, Mr. 
Wheat. Thereafter he conducted a genera) 
practice of law on his own responsibility, at 
the same time becoming greatly interested in 
real estate, and for a number of years serv- 
ing as Secretary of the Macomb Building and 
Loan Association. On May 16, 1892, Mr. Imes. 
with C. V. Chandler, purchased the Bank of 
Colchester, which owed its establishment, in 
1888. to the energy of Stevens Brothers, now 
of Chicago, and to the management of which 
Mr. Imes succeeded. He conducts the bank 
with the assistance of three clerks, and car- 
ries on a general banking business, besides 
making a specialty of loans on real estate. He 
is extensively engaged in the purchase and sale 
of town and country properties, and personally 
is the owner of several fine farms and valuable 
holdings in both Macomb and Colchester. He 
is also a heavy stockholder in the Colchester 
Electric Light and Power Company. 

Mr. Imes has always professed Republican 
attachment, and he has contril)uted much to the 
local strength and im|)ortance of his party. He 
was County Supervisor during 1887-88, Mayor 
of Macomb from 1889 to 1890, and Mayor of 
Colchester from May, 1903, until May. 1905. 
For the past nine years he has been a member 
of the Colchester School Board, and his in- 
fluence has tended to the maintenance of a high 
standard of instruction in the public scho<iIs. 





^^L^X^^K.'^ ^^ 



HISTORY oi" Mcdonough county. 



919 



Mr. Imes is one of the most prominent fra- 
ternalists in McDonough County, and is a mem- 
ber of the Macomb Ulue Ijodse No. 17. A. F. 
& A. M., the Morse Cliapter No. 19, the Ma- 
comb Commandery No. 61, and the Colchester 
Eastern Star .\<>. 121. He is also a member 
of the Washington Kncam|)nient No. 3!), I. O. O. 
F.. of Macomb, the .Military Tract No. 14.5. I. O. 
O. F.; the .Montrose l.oda;e No. 10-J, K. of P.. 
and the Colchester Lodge, M. W. .\. 

October 1, 1885, Mr. Imes was united in mar- 
riage to Mary A. Stapii. who was born on a farm 
near Maoonib, HI., and educated in the public 
schools. Mrs. Imes is the devoted mother of 
three children: Oliver S.. Florence and Ralph. 
The moral convictions of Mr. Imes never have 
been of the passive sort, but have found ex- 
pression in many convincing and helpful ways. 
In June, 1897, with fourteen others, he organ- 
ized the first Universalist Sunday-school of 
Colchester, which, from a small beginning, has 
grown to large proportions, and furnished the 
chief incentive for the erection of the new brick 
church which was dedicated March 1, 1903. Mr. 
Imes contributed generously to the erection 
and subsequent supixirt of this church. More 
than the average associate of active finance. 
Mr. Imes retains a buoyancy and elasticity of 
thought and sympathy which endears him to a 
host of friends and well wishers. He is a ge- 
nial and approachable gentleman, one who fur- 
thers, by every wise and practical means, the 
well-being of the community, and whose moral, 
intellectual and financial worth is perpetually 
allied with the towns of his birth and adoption. 

IRISH, Benjamin P.— Qualified in youth for 
the professions of medicine and agriculture. 
Benjamin F. Irish has known nearly a half 
century of increasing prosperity in the latter 
capacity, and at the present time is one of the 
largest and most resourceful producers in Mc- 
Donough County, III. Mr. Irish presents many 
claims in favor of nuiderate and wholesome 
living, for, notwithstanding the fact that he has 
passed his seventy-third year, he still is active 
in his chosen calling, investing it with the 
skill, good judgment and ripe wisdom which 
comes of the ability to profit by one's observa- 
tions and experiences. While Michigan still 
was a Territory, Mr. Irish was born there 
in what now is Oakland County. .luly 10, 1833. 
He is a son of Dr. Thomas and Issamena (Ellen- 



wood) Irish, the former born in New York and 
the latter in New Hampshire. His father 
practiced medicine in .Michigan for many years, 
making his home for a part of that time in 
Ann .-Vrbor. where his son sui)i)lemented his 
earlier educational training with Latin and an- 
atomy at Ann Arbor College. Receiving his li- 
cense to practice medicine, the young man 
came to McDonough County in 1853, settling in 
Fandon, which then was called Middletown, 
where he practiced medicine for three years. 
In 1854 he invested his earnings in 120 acres 
of land in Lamoine Township, and to this he 
since has added until at the present time he 
owns 5t!0 acres in McDonough County. In 1879 
he located on his present farm, and in 18S0 
built the large and comiortable residence which 
the family now occupies. Mr. Irish also owns 
400 acres of land in Kansas, 100 acres in Mis- 
souri and several pieces of valuable property 
in Stronghurst. Henderson County. 

On .-^pril 17. ISot!. Mr. Irish was united in 
marriage to Mary White, daughter of Thomas 
and Mary (Hicks) White, who then were living 
in Tennessee Township. Mrs. Irish died in 
1873, the mother of the following named chil- 
dren: Thomas, a farmer living near Deer 
Park, Wash., who married (first) Mary Miller, 
and later his present wife, and who has eight 
children: Frank Stanley, living half a mile 
west of his father, who married Lizzie Connor, 
and who has five children: .\lva, the deceased 
wife of Thomas Miller, a farmer in Carroll 
County, Mo., and who left four children: Hugh, 
editor of the "Times." who married Nellie Wal- 
ker, and lives in Williamsfield, Knox County, 
III., with his wife and one child; Ralph, living 
near Lewiston. Idaho, who married Minnie 
I'dell: I^hila. deceased wife of Franklin .Miller, 
also deceased, and who left two children, Ralph 
and Charles; and two children who died in in- 
fancy. March 17, 1878, Mr. Irish married Mary 
Hicks, of McDonough County, and of this union 
there have been l)orn seven children; Ehen 
N., who married Laura Harris, and now owns 
and operates the farm near Blandinsville, upon 
which his wife was born and reared, and 
where was born the only child in the family; 
John W., a farmer of Hire Township, who mar- 
ried Anna Hryant, of Logan County, 111., and 
has two children; Charles H., married to Myrtle 
Smith, of Hancock County, and occupying a 
farm near Blandinsville; Rial C, living with 



920 



HISTORY OF Mcdonough county. 



his father: Darius H., deceased; Grover L., liv- 
ing at home; and Minnie, also on the home 
farm. 

Mr. Irish has heen a stanch supporter of 
Democratic politics tor many years, and has 
been one of the most efficient and popular offi- 
cials in the township, serving as Collector, As- 
sessor, Road Commissioner and Supervisor, 
holding the latter office eight years, during 
three years of which he was President of the 
Board. Mr. Irish represents the men of fine 
and honorable character who have lent their 
business sagacity and public spiritedness to 
the upbuilding of McDonough County, and who, 
throu.gh the success which has attended their 
efforts, have proved one of its financial, moral 
and intellectual bulwarks. 

JARVIS, Edward Taylor, M. D., who is suc- 
cessfully engaged in the practice of medicine 
in Macomb, 111., was born just south of Ten- 
nessee, McDonough County, March 22, 1S77, a 
son of Edward and Elizabeth (Royce) Jarvis. 
The mother of the subject of this sketch died 
when the son was only one year old. During 
his early youth he attended the district schools 
of his neighborhood, and then became a pujiil in 
the high school, from which he was graduated 
in 1896. After teaching two years, he pur- 
sued a teacher's course in the Normal School 
at Macomb, receiving a first-grade certificate. 
Following this, he took a preparatory literary 
course in Chicago, and subsequently entered 
the College of Physicians and Surgeons of the 
Illinois State University, from which he was 
graduated with honors in 1904. After practicing 
his profession one year in Plymouth, 111., he 
opened an office in Macomb in 1905, and con- 
sidering the brevity of his professional career, 
has attained notable success. Dr. Jarvis is a 
member of the McDonough County, the Military 
Tract, and the Illinois State Medical Societies 
and the American Medical Association. 

On September 21, 1904, Dr. Jarvis was united 
in marriage with Martha Esther Sapp, who was 
born in Birmingham, Schuyler County, 111., 
and is a daughter of D. M. Sapp, a resident of 
Plymouth, III. On political issues, Dr. Jarvis 
maintains an independent position, using his 
best judgment in the exercise of the elective 
franchise. Fraternally, he is affiliated with 
Plymouth Lodge No. 888, I. O. O. F., and with 
tbe A. F. & A. M. 



JARVIS, John F., who is successfully engaged 
in farming and fruit-raising in Chalmers Town- 
ship, McDonough County, 111., was born in La- 
moine Township, this county, February 5, 
1859, and there received an education in the 
public schools. He is a son of Edward and 
Elizabeth (Royce) Jarvis, the former a native 
of Indiana. John Jarvis, the paternal grand- 
father, was a Virginian, and Frank Royce, the 
grandfather on the mother's side, was born in 
Tennessee. John Jarvis located in Hancock 
County, III., in 1834. In 1842, he moved to 
McDonough County and entered seventy acres 
of Government land in Lamoine Township, 
which ultimately came into the possession of 
Edward Jarvis. John F. Jarvis is the third of 
eight children, five of whom were boys. At the 
age of twenty-three years he left home and 
traveled about two years. On returning to Mc- 
Donough County he applied himself to farm- 
ing. In the fall of 1890 he bought 195 acres 
of land in Sections 29 and 32, Chalmers Town- 
ship, where he carries on general farming. In 
1897 he went into the fruit business, and has 
the largest apple orchard in the county, cov- 
ering seventy-five acres. He fIso raises plums, 
peaches, pears, strawberries, raspberries and 
blackberries. 

On September 20, 1883, Mr. Jarvis was mar- 
ried to Josephine Newell, who was born in Mc- 
Donough County, and received her early educa- 
tion in the common school and the Macomb 
Normal School. Five children resulted from 
this union, namely: Robert, Mary, Arthur, Ora 
and Chester. Politically, Mr. Jarvis advocates 
the i)rinciples of the Prohibition party. His fra- 
ternal connection is with the M. W. A. 

JENKINS, Benjamin D., M. D., who is suc- 
cessfully engaged in the practice of medicine 
in Macomb. McDonough County, III., was born 
in Delaware County, Iowa, on February 25, 1808. 
His father. William Duane Jenkins, was born 
in 1822, in Butler County, Ohio, and his mother, 
.Martha (Freeman) Jenkins, was a native of 
New York. The family is of Welsh descent, 
the paternal grandfather having emigrated 
from Wales, and settled in Virginia in 1799. 
After completing his primary mental training 
in the public schools of his neighborhood, the 
subject of this sketch jjursued a course of study 
in Lenox College at Hopkinton. Iowa. He then 
entered Nortliwestern University at Chicago, 




^..,==^:fry^(^-i^^--^ht-^ 



U_A_J 



HISTORY OF McDONOUGH COUNTY. 



921 



from which he was graduated, in medicine on 
June 13, 1895. Dr. Jenkins began the practice 
of his profession in Bushnell, 111., where he 
remained five years. In 1900 he moved to Ma- 
comb, and in a comparatively brief period has 
acquired a large practice. He holds the posi- 
tion of assistant surgeon in St. Francis Hos- 
pital, and is President of the local board of 
pensions. His standing in the meidical fra- 
ternity of McDonough County is high, and he 
enjoys to an unusual degree the confidence and 
esteem of his patrons. 

On October 28, 1894, Dr. Jenkins was united 
in marriage with Joanna Whitenack, who was 
born in Clinton. Mo., in 1872, and attended col- 
lege at Hushnell, 111. Four children have re- 
sulted from this union, namely: Gertrude, 
William Duane, and two who died in infancy. 
In politics. Dr. Jenkins gives his sui)port to 
the Republican party. Fraternally, he is 
indenfified with the Macomb Lod.ge No. 17, A. 
F. & A. M., K. of P, Lodge of Bushnell, and 
several insurance orders. 

JOHNSON, John H., a retired merchant of 
Hushnell, McDonough County. 111., and ex-.Mayor 
of the city, was born in Fulton County, 111.. No- 
vember 9, 1834, a son of William D. and Martha 
(Shackelton) Johnson, natives of New Jersey, 
being one of a family of eight children. In 
early manhood Mr. Johnson pursued a course 
of study in Knox College, at Galesburg, III., and 
subsequently applied himself to farming until 
he rer.ched the age of twenty-six years, when 
he devoted his attention to mercantile pursuits. 
During the Civil War he was a First Lieutenant 
in the Fifty-ninth Regiment Illinois Volunteer 
Infantry, serving in Missouri under Fremont, 
and later, under Curtis, Rosecrans and Thomas, 
in Tennessee and Kentucky. He was honorably 
discharged and mustered out of the service 
December 22, 1863, but in May, 1864, re-enlisted 
at Kirkwood, Warren County, III., and served 
as Assistant Regimental Adjutant of the One 
Hundred and Thirty-eighth Regiment, with the 
rank of First Lieutenant, being finally mustered 
out of the service October 14, 1864, by reason 
of expiration of his term of enlistment. He 
rendered much brave and valuable service to 
the Union cause. On April 30, 1862, he was 
detailed from his regiment for the command of 
the military force on the ram "Monarch," of 
the Western Ram Fleet, which was operating 
20 



in connection with Admiral Porter's Gun Boat 
Fleet on the Mississippi about Fort Pillow, 
Memphis and Vicksburg. The special engage- 
ment of June 8th, in which Lieutenant Johnson 
took a brave soldier's part, was in front of 
Memphis, The Confederate fleet was engaged 
with such vigor that, in one hour and seven 
minutes, the Union forces sunk seven out of 
eight of their boats. The Federal fleet after- 
ward dropped down to Vicksburg, where it also 
gave a good account of itself. 

In 1876, Mr. Johnson came to McDonough 
County, and located in Bushnell, Here he was 
engaged in merchandising until 1896, when he 
retired from active efforts. He was the chief 
promoter of the Bushnell Fair Association, 
which was chartered in 1S93, organized in No- 
vember of that year, and has held fairs annual- 
ly since that period. The association owes its 
success mainly to the efforts of Mr. Johnson. 
Its first officers were: T. H. B. Camp, Presi- 
dent: B. F. Tudor, Vice-President; E. D. C. 
Haines, Treasurer; and Louis Kaiser, Secretary, 
The capital stock is $2,000, with a par value 
of $2,") i)er share. The grounds where its fairs 
are conducted are held under lease for a period 
of ten years. The association has no debts, 
and had, on January 1, 1905, a balance of 
11,253.09 in its treasury. Extensive improve- 
ments are now being made on the premises. 
The present officers are: George Bell, Presi- 
dent: D. C. Neff, Vice-President; J. S. Nunne- 
maker, Treasurer: and John H. Johnson. Secre- 
tary. 

On November 19. 1863, Mr. Johnson was 
united in marriage with Kate Zook, who was 
born near Lancaster, Pa. Politically, he is a 
Republican and served four years as Mayor of 
Bushnell; fraternally, is connected with the 
Masonic Order, a member of T. J. Pickett 
Ix)dge No. 307 and the G. A. R. The subject of 
this sketch is a man of superior mental traits 
and much force of character, and is regarded as 
one of the most public-spirited and useful mem- 
bers of the community. 

JOHNSON, Joseph N., a retired gardener, re- 
siding in .Macomb. 111., was born in Old Boston, 
Lincolnshire, England, February 19. 1835. His 
parents, Michael and Sarah (Pepper) .lohnson, 
were also natives of Lincolnshire, as was the 
maternal grandfather, John Pepper. Of the five 
children born to his parents, Joseph N. John- 



922 



HISTORY OF Mcdonough county. 



son was the third in order of birth. His school- 
ing was obtained partly in England and partly 
in this country. He came to the United States 
and located near Plainfield. in Will County, 111., 
where he worked at farming. Two years later 
he went to West Union. Fayette County. Iowa, 
and there, in April, 1861. enlisted in Company 
F, Third Regiment Iowa Volunteer Infantry, 
which saw its first service in Missouri fighting 
bushwhackers. In September, 1861, he took part 
in the fight at Blue Mills Landing, near Liberty, 
Mo. (the home of the famous bandits, the 
James Brothers), where he was wounded. Dur- 
ing the winter of 1861-62 his regiment was on 
guard duty at the St. Louis Arsenal, and later 
was at Pittsburg Landing, and took part in the 
cami)aign through Tennessee. Having been dis- 
charged on account of disability he came to 
McDonough County, where after recoverins? his 
health, he went to work on a farm. This he 
continued until his marriage, when he rented 
a farm until 1870, when he bought a farm in 
Carroll County, Mo., uix)n which he remained 
five years. At the end of this period he re- 
turned to Macomb, where, after clerking for 
a while, he bought three and a half acres on 
West Piper Street, and there engaged in garden- 
ing and fruit-raising. He also served about a 
year as night policeman to fill an unexpired 
term. In July. 1903, after an absence from his 
native land of nearly fifty years, he went back 
to England, where he spent three months, when 
he returned to the land of his adoption. 

On April 26, 1866, Mr. Johnson was married 
to Mary E. Wisslead. who was born in Sibsey, 
Lincolnshire, England, where in girlhood she 
received her education in the public school. 
Two children were the offspring of this union, 
namely: Henry N., of San Francisco, Cal.. and 
Effie M., who died in infancy. Religiously, Mr. 
Johnson adheres to the faith of the Universalist 
Church, and politically, espouses the cause of 
the Democratic party. His fraternal connection 
is with the G. A. R. The subject of this sketch 
has led a toilsome and persevering life, and 
has well earned the leisure which he now 
enjoys. 

JOHNSON, T. R., for many years a thriving 
farmer in Bushnell Township, McDonough 
County, III., was born in Fulton County, 111., in 
1S39. His i)arents, Durley and Emily (Tom- 
kins) .Johnson, were natives of the State of 



New York. Mr. Johnson served throughout 
the Civil War as a non-commissioned officer in 
the First Regiment Missouri Engineers, and at 
the close of the struggle, bought eighty acres 
of land in Bushnell Township, on the east line 
of Fulton County. In 1891. he moved to his 
present farm of 120 acres in Section 23, in 
Bushnell Township, where he follows farming 
and stock-raising. 

In 1866, Mr. Johnson married Mary Ryan, 
who was born in Knox County. 111., and this 
union has resulted in the five children: Wil- 
liam Durley; DeWitt D., who lives in Iowa; 
Viola (Mrs. Hicks); J. B., who dwells under 
the parental roof, and Bernice (Mrs. Hay- 
maker). Politically, Mr, Johnson is a Repub- 
lican, and has held the offices of School Di- 
rector and Road Commissioner. Fraternally, 
he is affiliated with the A. F. & A. M. and the 
G. A. R. 

JONES, Darius, who, after many years of 
successful farming just east of Bushnell, Mc- 
Donough County. 111., retired from active pur- 
suits in 1903, was born in Ross County, Ohio, 
on .August 17, 1828, a son of John and Rebecca 
(Moss) Jones, the former, a native of Penn- 
sylvania, and the latter of Virginia. Mr. Jones 
came to McDonough County in 1S50 and located 
near Scottsburg, where he engaged in general 
farming. In 18.59 he bought his present farm 
of eighty acres near Bushnell. to which he has 
added until there are over 200 acres in that 
tract. For the past two years this farm has 
been operated by his son, .John L. Jones. Mr. 
Jones owns another farm of 245 acres two and 
a half miles east of this, another of 170 acres 
two miles northeast, and still another of 120 
acres in extent north of Bushnell, besides hav- 
ing 320 acres of land in Kansas. He owns 1.000 
acres altogether, which he has leased to his 
children until his death, when the property 
will belong to them. 

On February 23, 1853, Mr. Jones was mar- 
ried to Elizabeth Snapp, a native of East Ten- 
nessee. Their union resulted in nine children, 
six of whom are living, namely: Mary (Mrs. 
W. E. Hoffman): Caroline (Mrs. David Mow- 
ry) : ,Iohn L., who married Minnie Harris: 
Laura; William G., who married Emma Wal- 
liek; and Frank, who married Thera Guernsey, 
On February 23, 1903, this good couple cele- 
brated their golden wedding. The subject of 




J. ROSS MICKEY 



HISTORY OF Mcdonough county. 



923 



this sketch is a member of the Methodist 
Church. Politically, he belongs to the Repub- 
lican party, and has served the township as 
Road Commissioner. School Trustee. School Di- 
rector, etc. For more than forty years, he was 
one of the most prominent and successful farm- 
ers of MoDononsh County. 

KEE, Samuel, «ho is successfully entjaged in 
farming in Eldorado Township. McDonough 
County. 111., was born in Coshocton County. 
Ohio. March 7. 1S47. William Kee. his father, 
was born in Marylan<I. while the birthplace of 
his mother. Mary (Fisher) Kee, was Browns- 
ville. Pa. His paternal grandfather. Andrew 
Kee. and his maternal grandfather. Jacob 
Fisher, were natives, respectively, of Maryland 
and Pennsylvania. On coming to Illinois, Wil- 
liam Kee settled first in Fulton County, whence 
he moved about 18.54 to McDonough County, 
and bought a farm of 120 acres in Eldorado 
Township. Three years later he sold this and 
purchased another farm in the same townshij). 
where he remained until his death. July 18, 
1SS2. His widow lived on the family honn'- 
stead until 1888, when she made her home with 
her son. Samuel, thus continuing until her 
death, on May 10, 1890. 

Samuel Kee Is the youngest of a family of 
seven children. In youth he attended the pub- 
lic schools of his neighborhood and remained 
at home with his parents until his marriage. 
He then moved to a farm across the road from 
his father's, which he had previously bought. 
At first he bought eighty acres, to which he 
made additions, until now he is the owner of 
200 .acres in Eldorado Towwship. He formerly 
owned for twenty years eighty acres of farm- 
ing land in the adjoining county of Hancock. 
For several years. Mr. Kee has raised Short- 
horn cattle, and has had them registered since 
1904. He also raised hogs, cattle and horses, 
and carries on general farming. His principal 
crops are corn, wheat, oats and hay. 

On March 28. 1876. Mr. Kee was united in 
marriage with Edith E. Marshall, who was 
born March 21. IS.5.3. in Vermont. 111., where 
she attended the public schools, and for several 
years was a teacher in Fulton and McDonough 
Counties. Her father, John S. Marshall, was 
bom in Cadiz. Ohio, and died at his home near 
Vermont. 111.. November 23. 1882. Her mother. 



Harriet (Asher) Marshall, was a native of 
Paducah. Ky., and died February 8, 1890. Her 
paternal grandparents were William and Sarah 
Marshall. Mrs. Kee is a member of the Pres- 
byterian Church. Politically, Mr. Kee Is a 
Democrat. He has served as School Director 
for twenty-five years, and bears the reputation 
of being one of the most intelligent, thorough 
and substantial farmers in his township. 

KELLY, John M. (deceased), for forty-seven 
years a successful and sul)stantial farmer in 
Scotland Township. McDonough County, 111., 
was born in Huntingdon County. Pa.. August 
l.i, 182:). a son of George and Nancy (Marshall) 
Kelly, natives of Pennsylvania. His great- 
grandfather came from Ireland, and his grand- 
father was an only child. His father. George 
Kelly, was a farmer by occupation, and also 
operated a saw-mill. John M. Kelly was reared 
on a farm in his native county, and received 
such instruction as the boys of that period were 
wont lo obtain in the jiublic schools. He fol- 
lowed agricultural pursuits in Huntingdon 
County. Pa. In 18.51 he went to Crawford Coun- 
ty, Ohio, where he remained three years, and 
then returned to Pennsylvania. One year after- 
ward he came to McDonough County and lo- 
cated on Section IS, Scotland Township, where 
he spent the remainder of his days. He de- 
parted this life May 2. 1902. aged seventy-two 
years, eight months and seventeen days. Be- 
sides the 160 acres of fine land where he lived, 
he owned 240 acres in Chalmers Township. 

On March 11. 1856, Mr. Kelly was wedded, 
in Pennsylvania, to Agnes Doran, who died 
January 14. 187.1. The offspring of this union 
was five children, two of whom, Walker and 
Charles, fell victims of diphtheria in childhood. 
Those surviving are: Alice Belle (Mrs. Frank 
P. Hogan), of Macomb: George B., of Idaho; 
and John Blair, of Macomb. On April 27, 1875, 
Mr. Kelly took for his second wife Isabella Mc- 
Alister, a native of Scotland. One child was the 
issue of this union, namely: Anna Elizabeth 
(Mrs. Carl Henderson), of Scotland Township. 
In i)oliti<-s. Mr. Kelly gave his support to the 
Democratic party, but never cared for office or 
public preferment. Religiously, he was con- 
nected with the Christian Church, in which he 
offlcialed as elder for some time. Mr. Kelly was 
a man of fine characteristics, enterprising, hos- 



924 



HISTORY OF Mcdonough county. 



pitable, generous and charitable, and was warm- 
ly esteemed by all within the circle of his ac- 
quaintance. 

KENNEDY, Stephen F., a well-known and 
thriving farmer of Sciota Township, McDonough 
County, 111., was born in Ohio, on April 22, ISGl, 
a son of ,Iacob and Sarah (Luellan) Kennedy, 
both natives of the State of Ohio. The subject 
of this sketch came to McDonough County in 
18G9 with his parents, who settled in the vicin- 
ity of Colchester, where his father was en- 
gaged in farming and raising stock. He assist- 
ed in the work on his father's farm, and availed 
himself of the benefits of common schools in 
the neighborhood of his home. In 1883 he 
started into farming on his own account in 
Sciota Township. He bought his present farm 
of eighty acres in Section 35, of this town- 
ship, in 1897, and has since been successfully 
engaged in its cultivation. 

On February 24, 1S87, Mr. Kennedy was 
united in marriage with Lettie May Moninger, 
who was born and educated in Fulton County, 
111. Three children have blessed their vinion, 
namely: Joy C, Roscoe M. and Leona Irene. 

Politically, Mr. Kennedy espouses the cause 
of the Democratic party. He has discharged 
the duties of several township offices with 
notable credit to himself and to the entire sat- 
isfaction of his constitutents. He has served 
as Road Commissioner, Assessor, and Collector, 
and was elected Supervisor of Sciota Township 
in 1904. In all of these positions of trust his 
record as a public servant has been beyond 
reproach. 

KENNER, William L., a respected and retired 
merchant, residing in Macomb, 111., was born in 
Fleming County, Ky., July 24, 1838. His fa- 
ther, Leroy W. Kenner, was born in Virginia, 
and his mother, whose maiden name was Mary 
H. Bell, in Fleming County, Ky. Rodeham and 
Sarah (Foxworthy) Kenner, the paternal grand- 
parents, were natives of Virginia. The ma- 
ternal grandparents, Benjamin and Mary 
(O'Bannon) Kell, were natives of Kentucky, 
the latter having been born in Garrard Coun- 
ty, that State. The great-grandfather, William 
Kenner, was a Virginian. William L. Kenner 
is the eldest of nine children, the others being 
as follows: Mary C, deceased wife of Rev. Mr. 
Walker; Charles, of Cincinnati, Ohio; Lula 



(Mrs. C. W. Dudley), of Flemingsburg. Ky. ; 
Maria (Mrs. P. T. Throop), of Nashville, Tenn. ; 
Phoebe (Mrs. ,E. S. Fogg), of Covington, Ky. ; 
Minnie, who died in infancy; Edwin H., of 
Flemingsburg, Ky. ; and Carrie, of Chicago. 
The subject of this sketch lived with his par- 
ents until February, 1863, attending the com- 
mon schools and County Seminary in his boy- 
hood, and afterwards pursuing a commercial 
college course, in Cincinnati, and assisting his 
father in the general mercantile business at 
Mt. Carmel, Ky. In 1863 he went to Rush 
County, Ind., and opened a general store, and 
bought a farm which he conducted until Oc- 
tober, 1865. He then sold out, came to Scotland 
Township, McDonough County, and there 
bought a farm. This he rented for one year 
and came to Macomb, 111., where, in 1866, he 
conducted the Randolph House lor Mrs. Ran- 
dolph. Moving back to the farm, he remained 
there until 1874, when he rented the place and 
returned to Macomb. Here he dealt in live 
stock until 1877, after which he was engaged 
in the clothing and gents' furnishing line until 
1892. At that period he sold the concern to 
Mausser & McClellen, and bought a general 
store ,at Table Grove, 111., in August of that 
year. This he conducted over three years, when 
in March, 1895, he sold out and retired from 
business. Since then he has been at leisure in 
the fine residence owned by him at No. 307 
East Carroll Street, Macomb. Mr. Kenner has 
had a very bus\ life, through all of which 
have been manifested those qualities of in- 
dustry, energy, diligence and integrity, which 
insure success. 

On February 11, 1862, Mr. Kenner was first 
married to Emma T. Meyers, who was born in 
Lincoln County, Ky., and pursued her studies 
at the Daughters' College, at Harrodsburg. in 
that State. The offspring of this union were: 
Joseph B., Mary C, Mattie R.. William and 
Oliver (twins), of whom the former is de- 
ceased; and John and James (twins), the latter 
deceased. The mother of this family died Sep- 
tember 3, 1882. On February 25, 1883, Mr. 
Kenner was married to his second wife, .\nna B. 
(Seward) Garrison, widow of Walter I. Garri- 
son. Two children were the issue of this mar- 
riage, viz.: Leroy H., deceased, and Arie Opal. 
The subject of this sketch is a consistent mem- 
ber of the Presbyterian Church, and politicallj-, 
upholds the principles of the Republican party. 




J. D. MUNGER 



HISTORY OF Mcdonough county. 



■925 



KETTRON, Charles, Secretary and General 
Manager of the Macomb Pottery Company, 
at Macomb, .vlcDoiiough County. 111., was born 
in Lebanon, Hoone County, Iiid., .-Vugust 4, 1S()2. 
His father, Reuben \V. Kettron, was a native 
of Northern Kentucky, and his mother, Cornelia 
V. Soule, was born in Indiana[)olis, Ind. Her 
father, Joseph Soule. a son of Bishop Soule. 
was a native of Indiana. Charles W. Kettron 
is the second of three children born to his 
parents. He completed his schoolins at the 
a,!;e of sixteen years, and came to Macomb, 
April 20, 1.882. For eighteen months he worked 
in the Kagle Pottery, after which he was em- 
ployed by the Macomb Pottery Company in the 
same capacity until 1887. On December 9th of 
that year he was made General Superintendent, 
and still holds that position. He was elected 
Secretary and Manager January 6, 1S99. The 
President of the company is -Mrs. C. E. Fisher: 
Treasurer, I. N. Pearson: and Superintendent 
of Works, W. S. Hawkins. The company man- 
ufactures white glazed stoneware, jars, jugs, 
churns and like aVticles. It was organized in 
1878. and incorporated January 24. 1882, by 
J. H. Cummings. A. W. Rddy. .\. Fisher and 
William Fisher. 

Mr. Kettron was married October 2. 1S8S. 
to Jessie Cummings, who was born and edu 
cated in Macomb. Their children are Henry 
P. and Charles W. Politically, Mr. Kettron is 
a Republican. His religious connection is with 
the Presbyterian Church. 

KING, Jonathan Holden, retired merchant of 
Macomb. 111., and highly esteemed as one of the 
most worthy and substantial citizens of that 
place, was born in Walnut Grove. Mcl>onou2:h 
County, 111., July 24, 1851. a son of Richard 
Tilton and Martha M. (Holden) King. The fa- 
ther, who was i; farmer by occupation, was 
born in Tennessee, November 28, 1818, and the 
mother, in Hamilton County, Ohio, July 2. 1822 
(their biographical records appearing elsewhere 
in this volume). 

The subject of this sketch attended the 
public schools of his neighborhood, and after- 
wards pursued a course of study in .Abingdon 
College. At the age of twenty-one years he 
engaged in farming in Warren County. III., 
where he lived for three years. Thence he 
moved to St. Clair County. Mo., where he 
continued farming for a like period. After 



spending three years in merchandising at Ap- 
pleton City, he sold out his business and going 
to Henry County, Mo., bought a farm, on which 
he lived until the spring of 189.5. He then 
moved to Macomb and established himself in 
a small store on West Jackson Street. This he 
developed into one of the best grocery and 
general stores in Macomb. He owns two and 
two-thirds lots, and has recently completed a 
modern store building. He is now living in 
retirement, naving disix)sed of his business in- 
terests. 

Mr. King was married. October 1. 1874, to 
Sadie L. Wallingford. who was born near Wal- 
lingford. Ky.. and there received her schooling. 
The children resulting from this union were 
Myra (Mrs. A. S. Boyd) and Lore Dale. Mr. 
King is a Democrat in i)Olitics. and his reli- 
gious connection is with the Methodist Epis- 
copal Church. While still in the prime of life, 
he is fortunate in being enabled to enjoy the 
well-earned ease to which his industry and en- 
ergy have entitled him. 

KING, Richard Tilton (deceased), formerly a 
|)r()minent farmer in various sections of Illi- 
nois and Missouri, who died in St. Clair County, 
Mo., in October. 1894, and whose widow resides 
in Macomb, .McDonough County. 111., was born 
in East Tennessee. November 28, 1818, and there 
attended the common schools and a collegiate 
institute. His parents, James and Lydia (Til- 
ton) King, were natives of Kentucky. After 
his marriage. Mr. King bought a farm of 160 
acres in Walnut Grove Townshi]). Warren 
County, 111., where he lived ten years. He 
then sold out and moved to Northwestern Mis- 
souri, but not liking that country, returned 
to Warren County and purchased three quarter- 
sections of land. There he lived until 1879, 
when he went to St. Clair County, Mo., where 
he purchased land and also city property, and 
remained until his death. 

-Mr. King was married November 28. 1838, 
to Martha M. Holden, who was born July 2, 
1822, in Hamilton County, Ohio, where she re- 
ceived her schooling. Her parents, Jonathan 
and Phoebe (Rogers) Holden, were born in Ver- 
mont and New Jersey, respectively. They 
moved to Park County, Ind.. and six years later 
to McDonough County. III., where they settled 
on a farm. The first Methodist Episcopal min- 
ister of their circuit preached at their house. 



926 



HISTORY OF Mcdonough county. 



At that period Indians were numerous around 
them. Her father first came to the locality on 
horseback, and, selling his horses, returned to 
his home in Indiana on foot, a distance of two 
hundred miles. He consumed ten days in walk- 
ing back. The family settled where Colmar 
village now is, and there the father entered 
160 acres of land and bought 160 acres more. 
While the family lived in Warren County, in 
1857, they had a new two-story house, which, 
with other buildings, was destroyed by a cy- 
clone. All had a narrow escape from death, 
but were unharmed except Mrs. King, who was 
badly injured. But two of their old neighbors 
in McDonough County still survive. The chil- 
dren of -Mr. and -Mrs. King were as follows: 
Phoebe (Mrs. George Stice), of Monmouth, 111.: 
William, of Kansas City, Mo.; .James, of Jop- 
lin, Mo.; .Jonathan, of .Macomb; Myra (.Vlrs, 
David Stice), of Youngstown, 111.; Isabelle 
(Mrs. A. A. Cornell), of St. Louis; Frank, of 
Windsor, Mo., and Charles, of Kansas City, Mo. 
In politics, Mr. King was a Democrat. He 
served as Supervisor of his township, and also 
as Justice of the Peace. He was a member 
of the Methodist Episcopal Church. 

KINNETT, E. K., a well-known veterinai-y sur- 
geon, who i£ engaged in the practice of his 
profession in Bushnell, McDonough County, 111., 
was born in Morgan County. 111., February 26. 
1864, a son of Isaac B. and Nancy (Daniels) 
Kinnett. natives, respectively, of Ohio and Illi- 
nois. His maternal grandfather. Verin Dan- 
iels, was the engineer of the first locomotive 
which successfully drew a train of cars in Illi- 
nois. E. K. Kinnett is one of a family of five 
children born to his parents, of whom three 
are living. He was reared on a farm and re- 
ceived his early education in Jacksonville. 111. 
Subsequently he pursued a course of study in 
the Chicago Veterinary College, from which 
he was graduated in 1890. He then came to 
Bushnell. where he has since practiced suc- 
cessfully. He is regarded as thoroughly com- 
petent in his profession and has a growing 
patronage in McDonough County and the coun- 
ties adjoining. 

On October 26, 1892, the subject of this 
sketch was iinited in marriage with Rebecca 
Dunlap. who was born in the State of Ohio, 
and pursued a course of study at Mt. Pleas- 
ant, Iowa. One child, Leon, is the offspring 



of this union. In politics, Mr. Kinnett gives 
his support to the candidate on his personal 
merits. In fraternal affiliation, he is connected 
with the -Modern Woodmen and American 
Guild. 

KIRK, John J. — Notwithstanding its enormous 
wealth of resource, Kentucky has proved a fer- 
tile recruiting ground for the central and ex- 
treme West, and Illinois has profited largely by 
this healthful unrest of its native sons. .Many 
of the pioneer families of McDonough County 
came across the intervening States when 
travel was difficult and dangerous, and all 
have reflected somewhat of the ability, courtesy 
and neighborliness always associated with the 
children of the Bourbon State. Belonging to 
this class is John J. Kirk, who was born in 
.Adair County, Ky., December 10, 1828, and who 
came with his parents to Tennessee Town- 
ship, McDonough County, in the summer of 
1834. .John and Nancy (Coe) Kirk, his par- 
ents, were born in Marion County, Kentucky, 
and Virginia, respectively, and James Kirk, 
grandfather of John J., was born in Virginia. 
Both of the grandfathers were soldiers in 
the Revolutionary War, and the paternal grand- 
father was a member of the body guard of the 
immortal Washington. Grandfather Coe was 
present at the battle of Bunker Hill, and both 
were present at the surrender of Cornwallis. 

The elder Kirk entered several hundred acres 
of land in Tennessee Township in 1834, and 
after farming the same for several years, moved 
to Blandinsville, where he died shortly after- 
ward. His son, John J., bought the old home 
place of 156 acres, and added thereto until he 
owned 316 acres. He devoted his land to the 
l)roducts usually raised in this part of the coun- 
try, and besides engaged in the breeding and 
feeding of stock. He became a prosperous and 
influential farmer, and recently, upon disposing 
of his property in order to retire, was able to 
command a large price per acre. 

The first marriage of Mr. Kirk occurred in 
1854. to Margaret A. Allison, who was born 
in Virginia, and who became the mother of 
the following named children: Virginia, Alli- 
son, and Olive, wife of Charles Fulkerson. Mrs. 
Kirk died in 1861, and for his second wife, Mr. 
Kirk married .Amanda .Allison, also a native of 
Virginia. Of this union there were three chil- 
dren: Elizabeth, Sherman and John, of whom 




MRS. J. D. MUNGER 



HISTORY OF Mcdonough county. 



927 



Sherman is the only survivor. The second Mrs. 
Kirii died in 1889, and April 10, 1890, Mr. 
Kirk married Harriet Hartlett. Mr. Kirli 
is a Rei)iil)lican in politics, but, in spite of fre- 
quent solicitations, has never been a willing 
candidate for office. He has been a stanch 
supporter of education, and as a farmer has 
shown due regard for the comforts and re- 
finements as well as the financial rewards of 
his calling. 

KIRK, Tom Dale, proprietor of a marble and 
granite works in Macomb, McDonough County. 
111., was born at Ashby-de-la-Zouch, Kngland. 
April 16, 1849. His father, Adam Kirk, was 
born November 2, 1810, at Aberfeldy, Perth, 
Scotland, and his mother, Susanna (Dale) Kirk, 
was born in the same place as the subject of 
this sketch. Tom Dale, her father, was a na- 
tive of England. Tom Dale Kirk was the eld- 
est of two children born to his parents. He 
received his early education in the Ashby Gram- 
mar School, and afterward served an appren- 
ticeship of seven years in the granite cutting 
trade, in England, for nine years thereafter 
serving as a member of the Government police 
force. In 1876 he resigned, came to the United 
States and settled in Philadelphia, Pa., where 
he was employed at his trade from July 17th 
of that year to February 27, 1877. He then 
came to Lacon, Marshall County, 111., where 
he worked at his trade six years, later started 
in business for himself, but sold out In 1899, 
and November 15, 1902, moved to Macomb. 
Here he bought out the O. D. Doland marble 
and granite works, where he employs two ex- 
j)erienced stone and marble cutters. 

Mr. Kirk was married August 29, 1869, to 
Mary .4nn Watchorn, who was born at Waltham 
on the Wolds, England, and received her men- 
tal instruction in the Waltham Grammar School. 
The subject of this sketch is of the Church of 
England religious faith, politically, t-upports 
the principles of the Republican party, and 
fraternally, is a Royal Arch Mason. He is a 
careful and diligent artisan of thorough train- 
ing and pronounced skill, and his close appli- 
cation to work is laying the foundation of a 
prosperous career in Macomb. 

KIRKPATRICK, John Lane, a representative 
farmer of McDonough County, 111., engaged In 
the pursuit of his calling in Bethel and In- 



dustry Townships, was born in Morgan County, 
111., May 27, 1841, a son of Joseph L. and Matilda 
(Sims) Kirkpatrick, his father being a native 
of Georgia and his mother of South Carolina. 
His paternal grandparents, Thomas and Mary 
(Lane) Kirkpatrick, were natives of Georgia, 
and his grandparents on the mother's side, 
Mr. and Mrs. James Sims, were South Caro- 
linians by birth, the grandmother's maiden 
name being Spiller. The great-grandfather 
Kirkpatrick was killed by Tories during the 
Revolutionary War. Thomas Kirkj)at.rick and ' 
his family came to what is now the State of 
Illinois (then a part of Indiana Territory), and 
settled in the vicinity of what afterwards be- 
came Madison County, and in 1818 represented 
Bond County as a delegate to the State Con- 
vention which framed the first State Constitu- 
tion. Joseph L. Kirkpatrick was bom in this 
locality in 1803, where his family remained 
until about 1825, when they removed to Mor- 
gan County, and there the grandparents, 
Thomas Kirkpatrick and wife, died. .loseph L. 
Kirkpatrick, who became a local Methodist 
preacher about 1832, and later entered the itin- 
erant service, remained in Morgan County un- 
til 1870, when he moved with his family to Mc- 
Donough County, and i)urchased 274 acres of 
land in Industry and Bethel Townships, where 
he passed the remainder of his life, dying about 
1876. 

John Lane Kirki)atrick, the subject of this 
sketch, was the seventh born of eleven children, 
and lived on the paternal farm until his father's 
death, receiving his education in the public 
schools of his locality. After reaching man- 
hood he bought 160 acres of the homestead, on 
which he has since been engaged in general 
farming, stock-raising and feeding. After being 
left a widow his mother lived with him until 
her death, January 8, 1877. Both parents are 
buried in Camp Creek Cemetery. Mr. Kirk- 
patrick has made additions to his farm until 
he now owns ,'560 acres, having 120 acres of 
timber and pasture land in Bethel and Industry 
Townships. Mr. Kirkpatrick met with a very 
serious accident on June 2, 1860, being shot in 
the left arm, which necessitated amputation 
near the shoulder. Nevertheless, he has since 
attended to his active duties on the farm. 

On September 15, 1868, Mr. Kirkpatrick was 
married to Mary F. Munson, who was born in 
Rushvllle. Schuyler County, 111., where she 



928 



HISTORY OF Mcdonough county. 



attended the district school. The children re- 
sulting from their union are: Catherine M. 
(Mrs. H. C. D. Osborn), who died in 1893, at 
the age of twenty-four years; George Melvin, of 
McDonough County, and James flarfield, who 
is at home. Politically, Mr. Kirkpatrick is a 
Republican, and in religious faith, a Presby- 
terian. The subject of this sketch is a thorough 
farmer and a good citizen. He has proved 
himself faithful and diligent in all the relations 
of life. 

KIRKPATRICK, Millard T., who is successful- 
ly engaged in the piano and organ business 
in Macomb, 111., was born in McDonough Coun- 
ty, September 17, 1868, and received his early 
education in the public and Macomb Normal 
schools. He is a .son of Francis A. and Eliza- 
beth (Lowe) Kirkpatrick, the former a native 
of Ohio, and the latter bom near Cairo, 111., 
which was also the birthplace of her father, 
Gilbert Lowe. His paternal grandparents. Jo- 
seph L. and Mary Jane (Pratt) Kirkpatrick, 
were natives of Ohio. At the age of twenty- 
three years Mr. Kirpatrick completed his Nor- 
mal school course, and was then employed tor 
two years in a building and loan association of 
Keithsburg, 111., teaching vocal music during 
the winter season. Subsequently, for eight 
years, he was engaged in the music business in 
Mercer County, 111., where he conducted a store. 
This he disposed of in 1898 and established 
himself at Macomb, where he has a wholesale 
and retail trade. His operations cover a terri- 
tory of five counties, and include branches at 
Warsaw, Hancock County, and at Bushnell. 
He handles the Price & Teeple, Chickering, 
Chase Brothers, and other styles of instruments, 
dealing altogether in twelve varieties, together 
with sheet music. He is the only dealer who 
has made a success of this business in Macomb. 
his sales during 1904 numbering eighty-five 
pianos. This prosperous condition of affairs 
is attributable to that diligent application to 
work and unfailing courtesy which win for him 
a friendly patronage. 

Mr. Kirkpatrick was married January 28, 
1902, to Clara E, Voorhees (daughter of A. 
Voorhees, deceased ) . who was born and 
schooled in McDonough County. Politically, the 
subject of this sketch is a Republican, and fra- 
ternally, is a member of the Masonic Order 
(Macomb Lodge No. 17), I. O. O. F., B. P. O. 
E., of Monmouth, and Montrose K. of P. No. 104. 



His religious connection is with the Presby- 
terian Church. 

KIRKPATRICK, R, A,— To have passed nearly 
half a century of successful labors in an avoca- 
tion requiring determination, practical ability 
and science, and a dozen years in a semi-legal 
calling which is a sure test of personal honesty, 
tact and good judgment — this surely consti- 
tutes a record which should give the participant 
a high standing in any community. As agricul- 
turist and Justice of the Peace, R. A. Kirk- 
patrick was thus tried and not found wanting; 
and such record is all the more to his high 
credit in that he comes of humble parentage 
who could give him but the benefits of a com- 
mon school education. The son of Joseph P. 
and Patience (Askren) Kirkpatrick, R. A. Kirk- 
patrick comes of Kentucky parentage, although 
himself born in Adams County, Ohio. His 
birthday was January 19, 1825, and he was 
the second of four children. Having attained 
his majority, he started as an independent 
farmer, removing from Ohio to McDonough 
County in 1866. His first purchase there was 
eighty acres in Mound Township, upon which 
he resided until 1892, when he bought the 
property on East Carroll Street, Macomb, to 
which he retired and which still constitutes his 
homestead. In the year mentioned he sold his 
McDonough County farm, and purchased a tract 
of IGO acres in Louisa County. Iowa. It was 
while a resident of Mound Township that he 
was elected a Justice of the Peace, perform- 
ing the duties of that position so acceptably 
that he was retained in office for a period of 
twelve years. He had also served three years 
in Adams County, Ohio, in the same capacity. 
He has been a Republican as long as the party 
has existed, is affiliated with the G. A. R. (hav- 
ing enlisted in Company I. Ohio Militia, and 
served one hundred days), and is a member of 
, the Presbyterian Church. Mr. Kirkpatrick's 
marria.ge to Nancy Patton, of Adams County, 
Ohio, occurred December 19, 1851, the children 
of that union being Taylor, Mary, Zenas, Oceana 
and Urania. His first wife died in 1870 and 
he was married to Sarah Work March 16, 1871. 
His present wife is a native of the Keystone 
State (Washington County), and came to Mc- 
Donough County in 1866. 

KLINE, Clarence P., a thrifty and industrious 
farmer of Emmet Township, McDonough Conn- 



HISTORY OF McDONOrc;H COl'NTY. 



929 



ty. 111., was born in Sciota, that county. May 
16, 1859, a son of Hezekiah and Mary Ann 
(Painter) Kline, the father, a native of West- 
niorelanil County, Pa., and the mother, of Mc- 
Donoiif^h County. III. The grandfather, Tobias 
G. Painter, was born in Pennsylvania. Heze- 
kiah Kline came to McDonough County in ISGfi. 
and was engaged in the lumber business until 
his death in 1870. His widow died in Kansas 
in .lanuary, 1887. 

Clarence P. Kline is the only child of his par- 
ents, although he has a half-brother, Elmore 
W. Ellis, living in Chicago. Mr. Kline lived 
with his mother until her death, and in 1884 
went to Kansas Clly, Mo., where, for nine years 
and ten months, he was engaged as Superin- 
tendent of a street railway line. He returned 
to McDonough County in 1897, and in 1898 
purchased the .James Crawford farm of IGS 
acres, in Section :!. Enimet Township, where 
he carries on general farming, and raises Polled 
Angus cattle. He also owns a tract of sixty- 
eight acres, bought in 1905. 

On September 28, 1898. Mr. Kline was mar- 
ried to Beryl Painter, who was born and 
schooled in McDonough County. They have be- 
come the parents of five children, namely: Ru 
Ann G., Corinne Valley, William Elmore, Susie 
and .Tulius. In political contests, the subject of 
this sketch takes the side of the Democratic 
party. Fraternally, he is identified with the M. 
W. of A. 

KLINE, Hebern C, who is the owner of 640 
acres of fine farming land in McDonough 
County, 111., and carries on farming very ex- 
tensively in Hire Township, that county, was 
born and schooled in Mifflin County, Pa. He is 
a son of Uriah and Susie (Rubel) Kline, na- 
tives of Pennsylvania. Uriah Kline came from 
Pennsylvania to McDonough County in 1860 
and located south of Macomb, where he bought 
200 acres of land, on which he conducted farm- 
ing during the remainder of his life. Hebern 
Kline came west with his parents in ISCfJ. and 
in 1891 located in Section .i. Hire Township, Mc- 
Donough County. He now has 640 acres in 
Sections 4, 5 and 9, Hire Township, all of 
which he farms himself. The improvements on 
the land were also made by him. He is ex- 
tensively engaged in stock-raising. 

On May 16. 1880, Mr. Kline was married to 
Ella J. Logan, who was born and schooled in 



McDonough County. Four children are the 
offspring of this union, namely: Earl, Pearl, 
Carl and Ethel. Politically, Mr. Kline is a Dem- 
ocrat; fraternally, he is a member of the 1. 

0. O. F. 

KREIDER, William L., M. D., who has been 
successfully engaged in the practice of medicine 
in Prairie City, McDonough County, 111., for 
nearly half a century, was born in Washington 
County, Pa.. .January :U, 1S:52, a son- of George 
and Barbara (Brown) Kreider, of whom the 
former was born in Lebanon County, Pa., and 
the latter, in the same State. George Kreider 
was a member, from Fulton County, of. the 
State Convention which framed the new consti- 
tution of Illinois in 1847. He died in 1850. 
Dr. Kreider came to Illinois with his parents 
in isa5. After utilizing the meager opportuni- 
ties afforded at that jjeriod by the public school.s 
of his neighborhood, he pursued a course of 
study at Galesburg, and was graduated from 
Rush Medical College, Chicago, February 16, 
1869. In 1857 he came to Prairie City, where 
he engaged in the practice of medicine ami 
has continued thus ever since. The subject of 
this sketch was united in marriage with Louise 
C. Weaver, a native of .Maryland, on May 14, 
1857. Three of the children resulting from 
this union still survive, namely: Carrie, who 
married Edwin .lohnson, of Columbus, Ohio; 
Nettie M.. who became the wife of J. Lee Simp- 
son, of Boone, la., and Winifred, who still re- 
mains under the paternal roof. Politically, Dr. 
Kreider is a member of the Democratic party. 
Fraternally, he is identified with Golden Gate 
Lodge No. 248, A. F. & A. M., of which he 
has been Secretary for eighteen years, and is 
also a member of McDonough Lodge No. 209, 

1. O. O. F. It is needless to say, in view of his 
long experience, that Dr. Kreider maintains a 
high professional standing, and enjoys the confi- 
dence of his numerous patrons in this vicinity. 

KRUSE, George W., a retired farmer living in 
.Macomb. McDonough County, III., and one of 
its most substantial citizens, was born in Han- 
over. Germany, .lune 12, 1832, a son of S. M. D. 
and Rosa (LeerhofT) Kruse, also natives of the 
German city named. After finishing his school- 
ing in Germany, Mr. Kruse learned the baker's 
trade, at which he worked in his native coun- 
try until he was twenty-five years old. On 



930 



HISTORY OF Mcdonough county^ 



November 3, 1S57, he landed at New Orleans, 
and thence came direct to Macomb, where. In 
the tall of ISiSS, he started a bakery on West 
Jackson Street. This he conducted until 1867, 
when he sold out and purchased a farm of 
IGO acres in Chalmers Township. On this farm, 
he lived until 1890, adding to it from time to 
time until its e.\tent was increased to 620 acres. 
In 1889 he bought a block on West Piper Street, 
and moved into a house there, which he re- 
modeled and in which he has since resided. 
The first 160 acres of land which he purchased 
was covered with brush, but Mr. Kruse cleared 
It and made it one of the best improved farms 
in the county. 

Mr. Kruse was first married to Renne M. 
Gronewold, w^ho was born in Hanover, Germany, 
in August. 1831, and died November 20, 1867. 
They became the jjarents of four children, Frank 
H.. Emma E., Elizabeth R. and H. G. In Jan- 
uary, 1S69, Mr. Kruse married Agnes McCann, 
who was born December 24, 1844, in County 
Down, Ireland, where in girlhood she attended 
school. Five children resulted from this union, 
namely: William, Anna, George H., Peter and 
Clara (Mrs. Joseph Burke). Mrs. Agnes Kruse 
died August 27. 1905. Politically, Mr. Kruse is 
a Democrat. He has served two terms as Su- 
pervisor and has held the office of Highway 
Commissioner in Chalmers Township for two 
terms. 

LACKENS, George A., who is the present popu- 
lar and efficient Mayor of Good Hope, Mc- 
Donoiigh County, 111., and the proprietor and 
publisher of the "Good Hope Reflector," has 
furnished, in his comparatively brief career, an 
impressive illustration of what can be accom- 
plished by energy, perseverance and integrity 
of character. Mr. Lackens was born in Frank- 
lin County, Pa., on June 19. 1860. He is a son 
of William and Eleanor (Mackey) Lackens, 
also natives of that State and county. William 
Lackens was a shoemaker by trade, and a very 
industrious and worthy man. He and his esti- 
mable wife lived fifty-three years in Franklin 
County, occupying during that long period four 
different houses, not more than three miles 
apart. In early youth, the subject of this 
sketch utilized tho advantages afforded by the 
district schools of his native State, and after- 
ward supplemented this rudimentary instruc- 
tion by a course of studv in Kennedv Academv. 



At the age of sixteen years, he had saved a 
sufficient amount of money to pay his way to 
Carroll County, 111., where he was employed for 
one year on a farm. He then returned to Penn- 
sylvania and entered the institution above men- 
tioned, in which he remained four years. After 
graduating, he was engaged for two years in 
teaching school there. In March, 1883. he lo- 
cated in Good Hope, 111., teaching school in the 
town and its vicinity about ten years, closing 
his work in the schoolroom in 1892 as principal 
of the Good Hope school. At the end of that 
period, Mr. Lackens moved to a farm a short 
distance northwest of Good Hope, which he cul- 
tivated for six years, and then returned to 
town. The following two years he spent in 
organization work for the M. W. A. in Indiana. 

In -N'ovember, 1S99, Mr. Lackens purchased 
the "Good Hope Reflector," a newspaper which 
was established, as a five-column folio, about 
the year 1885, under the name of the "Good 
Hope Index," with W. J. Herbertz as editor. 
From 1889 until the spring of 1892 it was con- 
ducted by W. J. Aleshire, under the name of 
"Good Hope Torpedo," Mr. Aleshire being suc- 
ceeded by W. D. Campbell. The latter changed 
the name of the paper to the one which it now 
bears, and continued as its proprietor and pub- 
lisher until November, 1897. In that year Van- 
Pelt & Benjamin became the owners, retaining 
the management until November, 1899, when 
Mr. Lackens bought the "Reflector," and has 
since f.uccessfuUy conducted it. He expended 
about $2,000 on machinery and other improve- 
ments of the plant, enlarged the paper to a six- 
column quarto, and has placed the paper on a 
plane with the leading papers of the county in 
influence and pecuniary profit. 

On March 26, 1891, Mr. Lackens was united 
in marriage at Good Hope, 111., with Thalie E. 
Dennis, who was born in St. Louis, Mo., but 
has been a resident of Good Hope since her 
childhood. Mrs. Lackens is a daughter of Na- 
than S. and Martha (Ash) Dennis, and her 
father at that time was engaged in farming in 
the vicinity of Good Hope. The following chil- 
dren have resulted from this union, namely: 
Eulalia, who is thirteen years of age; Clara, 
Georgia, Gerald, and Wendall, who is in his . 
third year. In politics, Mr. Lackens is an 
earnest supporter of the Republican party, and 
a prominent and influential factor in its local 
councils. He was elected Mayor of Good Hope 




X^'^/^^^^o^^ 



HISTORY OF McDOXOUGH COUNTY. 



931 



in 1902, to which office he was re-elected, and is 
still serving in that capacity. His administra- 
tion has been characterized by notable ability, 
and fidelity to the best interests of the commu- 
nity. In fraternal circles, the subject of this 
sketch is identified with the A. F. & A. M., in 
which order he has officiated as Master of the 
local lodge during twelve of the sixteen years of 
his residence in Good Hope, and bears the cer- 
tificate of Grand Lecturer. He is also affiliated 
with the M. W. A., and fills the position of 
clerk in the local camp. Mr. Lackens is re- 
garded as one of the most i)rominent citizens of 
McDonough County. 

LANTZ, Cyrus A., a well-known attorney-at- 
law, of Bushnell. McDonough County, was born 
in Schuyler County. 111., in 1827. He is a son 
of James A. and Xancy A. Lantz. the father, a 
native of the State of Ohio, and the mother, 
of Iowa. The father, James A. Lantz, was 
engaged in agricultural pursuits in Schuyler 
County, 111., for a number of years. 

The subject of this sketch attended the pub- 
lic schools of his vicinity in boyhood, and 
afterwc.tds pursued a course of study at Val- 
paraiso, Ind., where he was graduated. For 
five ye.irs he was engaged in teaching school, 
was in the newspaper business in Rushville, 
111., a short time, and then came to Rushnell 
and entered upon the practice of law. He is 
also engaged in the real-estate, loan and in- 
surance business, and has already secured a 
good patronage. 

In 1898, Mr. Lantz was married to Luella 
Hillyer, and two children, Mildred and Kath- 
erine, have been born of their union. Political- 
ly. Mr. Lantz is a member of the Republican 
party, and fraternally, is identified with the 
1. O. O. F. and .M. W. A. 

LADGEL, John E., a substantial citizen and 
prosperous merchant of Bushnell, McDonough 
County, 111., was born in Jasper County, III., 
in 18G5. His father. Mathias Laugel. was a 
native of Germany, and his mother, Mary M. 
(Miller) Laugel. of Illinois. In his early years 
the subject of this sketch was educated in the 
public schools of his neighborhood. After his 
school days were over he chose railroad work 
as his occupation, which he followed until 1899. 
He came to Bushnell in 1S87. as local agent for 
the Toledo, Peoria & Western Railroad Com- 



pany and for twelve years filled this position to 
the entire satisfaction of the company, its 
patrons and the general public. After re- 
linguishing railroad work he was connected 
for three years with the Cassidy Commission 
Company, since that period having been en- 
gaged in the commission business on his own 
account. In 1890 Mr. Laugel was married to 
Seren.i Barnes, a daughter of Major A. E. 
Barnes, who was a merchant throughout his 
mature life. Fraternally, the subject of this- 
sketch is affiliated with the Masonic Order and 
the K. of P. During the management of the 
railroad agency and in the subsequent conduct 
of his mercantile affairs, the qualities dis- 
played by Mr. Laugel have gained for him 
the re!)utation of being a man of sound judg- 
ment, good capacity and diligent application 
to business. 

LAUGHLIN, Charles D., a well-known and 
highly successful life insurance agent, at Ma- 
comb, 111., representing the Prudential Insur- 
ance Company, was born in McDonough County, 
September 22, 18<>4, a son of James and Electa 
<Scudder) Laughlin, the former a native of 
Macomb, the latter born in Hamilton County, 
Ohio. His paternal grandfather. Theodore 
Laughlin, was born near Philadelphia, Pa., and 
his grandmother, Lucy (Hroaddus) Laughlin, 
was a native of Kentucky. 

The grandfather Laughlin was one of the 
earliest settlers of Macomb, and by occupation 
was a farmer and cabinet maker. He lost his 
life in consequence of the running away of a 
horse. His son, James Laughlin, a carpenter 
by trade, was the father of six boys and six 
girls. Charles D., the fourth child in order of 
birth, lived with his parents in Good Hope from 
the time he was four years old until 1891, in 
the meantime attending the public school and 
being employed at carpentering with his fa- 
ther. He had also learned the barber's trade, 
at which he afterwards worked in Macomb 
until 1900. 

About that time Mr. Laughlin entered the 
employ of the Prudential Insurance Company, 
six months later (June 21. 1900), being ap- 
jiointed Assistant Superintendent at Galesburg. 
and on April 1, 1901, being transferred to Ma- 
comb. He took charge of the agency August 
21, 1901; was promoted Assistant Superintend- 
ent August 12, 1902; took the Galesburg agency 



932 



HISTORY OF Mcdonough county. 



April 20, 1903; was promoted Assistant Super- 
intendent there October 29th of the same year; 
and took the Macomb agency November 7. 1904, 
which he still retains. On December 12, 1904, 
he was appointed Prudential Old Guard, by 
reason of his five years' service. 

On .luly 29, 1900. Mr. Laughlin was married 
to Dorothy B. McClellan. a native of Macomb, 
who attended the public schools and pursued a 
course in the University of Michigan. One 
child. James McClellan, has resulted from this 
union. In politics, Mr. Laughlin is a Repub- 
lican. He is keen and energetic in his business 
methods and has made a pronounced success 
as an insurance agent. 

LAWYER, J. Newt, &n energetic and pro- 
gressive farmer, living in Eldorado Township, 
McDonough County, 111., is a son of Thomas 
and Catherine (Comer) Lawyer, natives of the 
State of Ohio. Facts pertaining to the lives of 
his parents are contained in a record of the 
father, which appears elsewhere in this volume. 
The subject of this sketch was born in Eldorado 
Township .January 22. 1S56. and received his 
early education in the district school in his 
neighborhood. Of the eight children which 
blessed the union of his father and mother, 
he is the third in order of birth. He has five 
brothers and two sisters living, a sister having 
died in infancy. At the age of twenty years 
Newt Lawyer started out for himself. He 
worked at farming in Eldorado Township until 
his marriage, after which event he purchased 
the Mickey farm of fifty acres, where he en- 
gaged in general farming. Besides this he now 
owns the farm of seventy acres formerly be- 
longing to his wife's father. In addition to 
general farming, Mr. Lawyer raises cattle, 
horses and hogs, and his energy and diligence, 
together with thrifty methods, are producing 
satisfactory results. 

In January, 1S80, Mr. Lawyer was joined in 
matrimony with E. .lennie McFadden, who was 
born in Eldorado Township, and received her 
early education in the district schools. Her 
father, Samuel D. B. McFadden, was one of the 
earliest settlers in McDonough County. Two 
children have been the result of this marriage, 
namely: Leah and Etha. Politically, Mr. Law- 
yer is a Democrat, served as Township Assessor 
in 1904, and held the office of Justice of the 
Peace from 1901 until 1905. Fraternally, the 



subject of this sketch is connected with the 
K. of P. and M. W. A. 

LAWYER, Joseph F.— Of the native sons of 
McDonough County who are enriching its his- 
tory with meritorious labor and wise endeavor, 
none are held in higher esteem than Joseph 
F. Lawyer, first as a farmer of Industry Town- 
ship, but who is also President of the Indus- 
try Mutual Fire Insurance Company, Treasurer 
and Director of the Industrial Mutual Tele- 
phone Company, and Treasurer, Secretary and 
Trustee of the Vana Cemetery Board. Mr. 
Lawyer represents the third generation of his 
family to be engaged in tilling the soil of Mc- 
Donough County, the first to take up the bur- 
den of pioneering having been his paternal 
grandjiarents, John and Mattie (Cooper) Law- 
yer, who were born in Ohio, and settled in 
Eldorado Township in 1.S37. With them to the 
new country came Thomas Lawyer, the oldest 
of their seven children, who was born in Ohio, 
and married Catherine, daughter of Robert and 
Xancy (Wilkinson) Comer, natives also of Ohio. 
Thomas Lawyer was reared on his father's 
farm, and at the age of twenty-one years began 
his independent career, finally locating on the 
farm in McDonough County where his son, 
Joseph F., was born June 25, 1S5S, and where 
he himself died December 14. 1S91. liis wife sur- 
viving to the present time. 

The youth of Joseph F. Lawyer was unevent- 
fully passed on his father's farm and in the 
pursuit of an education, which he acquired 
in the district schools, at Elliot's Business Col- 
lege, Burlington, Iowa, and the Valparaiso Nor- 
mal, at Valparaiso, Ind. After the death of his 
father he left the home place and settled on a 
farm of his own. in addition to which he recent- 
ly has acquired the old homestead of 146 acres. 
He is an extensive raiser of general produce 
and stock, and has a property which conforms 
with the highest standards of agricultural life. 
For several years he has been prominent in 
connection with the Industry Mutual Fire In- 
surance Company, of which he was elected 
President in 1903. and which, under his wise 
and conscientious guidance, has come to repre- 
sent the reliable and helpful insurance enter- 
prises of the State. Pronouncedly in favor of 
prohibition, Mr. Lawyer never has been active 
politically, but has yet served a number of years 
on the Board of Education. He finds his reli- 




MARY NEECE 



HISTORY OF Mcdonough county. 



933 



gious home in the Cumberland Presbyterian 
Church, of which he is a trustee and clerk of 
the board of sessions. 

March 2. 1892, Mr. Lawyer was united in mar- 
riage to Mattie S. Vail, a native of Industry 
Township and daughter of Christopher and 
Sarah (Dace) Vail, the former born in Industry 
Township, and the latter born in Missouri. Mr. 
Vail, who is a farmer in Industry Township, 
is a son of John B. and Sophia (Hrown) Vail, 
natives of Ohio and Pennsylvania, respectively, 
who came to Schuyler County, III., in 1833. In 
1835 these early settlers located in Industry 
Township, where the family since has been 
active in farming. Harmon and Martha (Huff) 
Dace, grandparents of Mrs. Lawyer and natives 
of Missouri, died when Mrs. Lawyer's mother 
was nine years old. Mr. and Mrs. Lawyer are 
the parents of four children: Gladys K., T. 
Dwight, Herbert C. and J. Meredith. Industry, 
good judgment and shrewd business capacity 
have advanced Mr. Lawyer into the front ranks 
of agricult\irists. and his integrity and public 
spirit have placed him among its honored and 
influential citizens. 

LAWYER, W. Benton.— Among the most sub- 
stantial and popular of the retired farmers of 
Tennessee Township, McDonough County, 111., 
is the subject of this sketch, who is a resident 
of the town of Tennessee, that county. Mr. 
Lawyer was born in McDonough County. .lune 
S, 18.i2, a son of John and Rebecca J. (Jackson) 
Lawyer, natives, respectively, of Ohio and In- 
diana. Michael Lawyer was the paternal 
grandfather and the maternal .grandfather was 
William Jackson. John Lawyer came to Mc- 
Donough County with his parents and settled 
on a farm in Tennessee Township, where he 
purchased a farm on which he lived until 1897. 
Then he relinquished active labor and moved 
to the town of Tennessee, where he and his 
wife now reside. 

\V. Benton Lawyer remained at home until 
he reached the age of twenty years, assisting 
his father in the farm work, and going to school 
during the winter. .\t that period he rented 
a farm of forty acres in Lamoine Township, 
which he cultivated for five years and then 
purchased. He had previously bought fifty 
acres adjoining it, all in the northwest quar- 
ter of Section 3, on the north line of the 
township. He also bought eighty acres ad- 



joining this on the south, and on this farm 
he lived until 1898. In that year he moved 
to Tennessee town, and purchased a half-in- 
terest in a hardware store. Five years after- 
ward he sold this and withdrew from active 
efforts, devoting himself to the supervision of 
his property in the town and his farms. On 
March 27, 1851. .Mr. Lawyer was married to 
Mary E. Lowderman. who was born in Indian- 
apolis. Ind., and schooled in Scott County, 111. 
Mrs. Lawyer's parents were John and Sarad 
(Dunnick) Lowderman, both natives of Ohio, 
the father of Cincinnati. The mother was of 
a family of two children, her brother, G. F. 
Dunnick. being a farmer of Pike County, 111. 
The parents came to Schuyler County. III., in 
1852, and remained there until their daughter 
Sarah was nine years old, when they removed 
to Meredosia, III., and thence to Scott County, 
where, as stated, she was educated. Mrs. Law- 
yer lost her father when she was only six 
years of age, but her mother is still living in 
Scott County. To the union of Mr. and Mrs. 
John Lawyer have been born five children: 
Charles B., Edna (Mrs. E. Q. H. Douglas), of 
Davenport, Wash.; Ethel (Mrs. Fred L. Kirby). 
of Mason City, Iowa; Rail, who lives with his 
parents, and one who died in infancy. Polit- 
ically, Mr. Lawyer follows the fortunes of the 
Democratic party. For eleven years he served 
as Highway Commissioner of Lamoine Town- 
ship. McDonough County. He held the office 
of Tax Collector there two years; that of School 
Treasurer five years; and of Assessor five 
years. He is now serving his fourth year as 
Supervisor of Tennessee Township. Frater- 
nally, the subject of this sketch is connected 
with the .M. W. A. and I. O. O. F. 

LEARD, James, formerly a successful farmer 
in Prairie City Township. .McDonough County. 
111., and now living in comfortable retirement, 
was born in Armstrong County, Pa., in 1848, 
a son of W. H. and Mary (Boreland) Leard, na- 
tives of Pennsylvania. In 1877. the subject of 
this sketch came west to McDonough County 
and purchased a quarter-section of land in Sec- 
tion 11. Prairie City Township, where he was 
engaged in general farming and stock-raising 
until his retirement from active labors. Mr. 
Leard built a fine house and barn, and the 
place is in excellent condition. Subsequently, 
he bought eighty acres of land in Section 10, 



934 



HISTORY OF Mcdonough county. 



of the same township, and eighty acres of 
land in Warren County, 111. He now rents 
these farms out. having retired from active 
farming in 1S97. As a farmer, he has been 
quite successful, and has borne a iirominent 
part in the public improvements of the county. 
In 1S67, Mr. Leard was married to Mary 
Blinnie. who was born in Pennsylvania, and 
three children were born of this union, namely: 
Elmer E., who is engaged in farming; Mattie 
A., and Laura L. Mr. Leard is a member of 
the Presbyterian Church. 

LEAVITT, Owen, a thriving and ijrngressive 
farmer of Blandinsville Township. McDonough 
County, 111., was born in this township on Jan- 
uary 17, 18G7. He is a son of Sewell W. and 
Dorothy Leavitt, of whom the father was born 
in Maine and the mother in England. Mr. 
Leavitt is the oldest son in a family of two 
children born to his parents. The farm which 
he now owns and cultivates was his birth- 
place, and on it he was reared to manhood, as- 
sisting in the work and at intervals receiving 
suitable mental instruction in the public 
schools of the vicinity. On reaching mature 
years he engaged in general farming on his 
own account and has been thus occupied ever 
since. His farm, which is located in Section 
14, consists of 105 acres. Besides general farm 
work he devotes considerable attention to stock- 
raising. Ho has made all the improvements 
on the property, and. in the fall of 1904. built 
the fine residence which he occupies. In 1S90 
the subject of this sketch was united in mar- 
riage with Dora Campbell, who was Ixjrn and 
educated in McDonough County. Mrs. Leavitt 
is a daughter of P. D. Campbell, a contractor 
in this county. The children resulting from 
this union are: Myrna Fay and Dorothy Ma- 
rie. Politically. Mr. Leavitt upholds the prin- 
ciples of the Democratic party. 

LEIGHTY, Henry S., a venerable and highly 
respected farmer who is now engaged in the 
stock business in Eldorado Township, McDon- 
ough County, 111., was born in Fayette County. 
Pa., July 8, 1825, a son of Henry and Sarah 
(Smith) Leighty, natives of the State of Penn- 
sylvania. His paternal grandfather was of 
German birth, while his grandfather on the 
mother's side, Stephen Smith, was also born 
in the Quaker State. In his youthful days 



Henry S. Leighty enjoyed the advantages of 
the subscription schools in the neighborhood 
of his home. In 1S45 he journeyed to Adams 
County. 111., where he remained until 1849, and 
then came to McDonough County, where he 
lived in a log cabin. He remembers this re- 
gion when it was a wilderness alxjunding in 
deer, wolves and other wild animals, and such 
game as wild turkeys, prairie-chickens and wild 
pigeons. In 1850 Mr. Leighty crossed the plains 
to California with ox-teams and secured con- 
siderable gold, which he loaned out, but gained 
nothing besides experience. In 1852 he re- 
tuined by way of the Isthmus of Panama, 
touching at Kingston, Jamaica. He came by 
boat to St. Louis, and then up the Illinois 
River to Browning, 111. He had purchased 
eighty acres where his present home is located, 
on which he started farming. He bought more 
land with every opportunity, finally securing 
920 acres of land in Eldorado Township. On 
his return from the Pacific Coast, Mr. Leighty 
and his brother purchased a quarter-section 
west of his first eighty acres, to which he 
moved and on which he remained until 1870. 
At that period he built a fine residence on the 
first purchase, where he has since lived. 

Mr. Leighty has been twice married. In 
March, 1S49, he wedded Margaret McFadden, 
a native of Pennsylvania, who bore him two 
children: George (deceased), and Mary E., 
who died in infancy. On March 16, 1854, Mr. 
Leighty was married to Kliza A. Keach, who 
was born and reared in Tuscarawas County, 
Ohio, her natal day being January 27, 1833. 
She was the fourth in a family of eight chil- 
dren born to Ebenezer and Ann (Brewer) 
Keach. Her father was a native of Virginia 
and her mother of Pennsylvania, the parents 
migrating to Coles County, 111., in 1839, to Ful- 
ton County, 111., in 1844, and to McDonough 
County in 1S53. The family homestead com- 
prised eighty acres, and there Ebenezer Keach 
died in 1863, and his wife in 1873. Mr. and Mrs. 
Henry S. Leighty have become the jiarents of 
eight children, namely: Marquis D.. Lelius El- 
wood. Emma G. (widow of Wade W. Campbell). 
Everett K., Anna S. (Mrs. Grant Tingley), 
Henry Ulysses, Viola (Mrs. Andrew Miller), 
and James Franklin. Although a stanch Re- 
publican in politics. Mr. Leighty was always 
reluctant to hold office. He was forced, how- 
ever, to take the office of Township Assessor, 



HISTORY OF AJiDONOUGH COUNTY. 



935 



which he held for two years, and served as 
School Trustee for twelve years. The subject 
of this sketch is a man of very quiet dispo- 
sition with a strong fondness for home life, and 
always preferred the companionship of the fam- 
ily circle. He is surrounded with all the com- 
forts which afford grateful solace in declinin;; 
years. 

LEIGHTY, Mark D., one of the best known 
and most substantial farmers of Eldorado 
Township, McDonough County, 111., was born 
in the township where he now resides .January 
2, 1S.5.T, a son of Henry S. and Eliza (Reach) 
I..eighty. the former a native of Pennsylvania 
and the latter of Ohio. Mr. Lei^hty, who is 
the eldest of a family of eisht children — five 
sons and three daughters — was born on the 
home farm, where he remained until he was 
twenty-six years of age. His school training 
was obtained in the district school in the vi- 
cinity of the homestead at Valparaiso. Ind., 
and at Lincoln University. I.,incoln. 111. When 
twenty years old he taught school in Eldorado 
Township, and all of his brothers and sisters 
were his pupils. He continued teaching for 
four winter terms before his marriage, and aft- 
erward was solicited at different times to re- 
sume that occupation. After his marriage Mr. 
Leigh ty bought a 160-acre farm on Section 21. 
?^ldorado Townshii). on which he moved and 
commenced farming. The farm is now mostly 
underdrained. all the tiling having been done 
since he occupied the place. He was one of 
the first farmers in the township to introduce 
this class of improvements. All of the wire 
fence on the farm was built by him. and he 
raised the hedge posts to support it. In 1S9S 
he bought 205 acres of farming land in Section 
u.T. Eldorado Township, and used hedge posts 
grown on the other property for fencing on 
the last purchase, building 1,000 rods of wire- 
fencing on the new place. This property he 
rents out and conducts the home farm. In 
190.T he completed a modern residence on the 
farm, with all the late improvements. 

On March 23. 18.S2. Mr. Leighty was married 
to Rose Robertson, who was born and ediicated 
in Adams County. 111. Five children have re- 
sulted from this union, namely: Francis .\. 
(Mrs. Glenn Foster), Elbert M., Dana R.. 
Gladys V. and Henry Malcolm. Mrs. Leighty's 
parents were William W. and Mary E. (Rich- 



ardson) Robertson, natives of the State of New 
York. Her grandjiarents were John \i. Rob- 
ertson, of New York, born in 1790, and deceased 
in 1S82, and Catherine (Conroy) Robertson, 
who died in 1S.S5. In the matter of i)olitical 
issues, Mr. Leighty is a steadfast Republican. 
He is now serving his si.xth term as Township 
Assessor, and has held the office of Road Com- 
missioner, School Director and Township School 
Treasurer. The religious faith of Mr. Leighty 
is based on the creed of the Cumberland Pres- 
byterian Church, and his fraternal affiliation 
is with the Court of Honor. 

LE MASTER, Benjamin E., Ph. G., M. D.— At 
no lime in the hi.story of the world has the 
man of extreme youth and comparatively brief 
experience been received with such acclaim and 
confidence in the more serious occupations of 
mankind as at the present. The reason is not 
far to seek. The many developing agencies 
which surround the lad outgrowing his child- 
hood, and the si)lendid facilities for perfecting 
himself in some one of the useful avenues of ac- 
tivity which await his maturity, give him an 
immeasurable advantage over the incomplete 
and desultory training of his peers of a pre- 
vious generation. That which was unfolded 
by years of arduous experience to the older 
man reaches the student of today in academic 
halls, and his energy is conserved for such 
developments as his special aptitude or genius 
for advancement or invention shall dictate. It 
is not, therefore, surprising that so recent and 
so young a recruit to professional circles in 
nushnell as Benjamin E. Le Master should 
already have felt the exhilaration of success, 
and warmed his heart at the genial fire of hope 
and encouragement. Before he took to medi- 
cine the occupati(m of farming was an open 
book to Dr. Le Master. He is thoroughly fa- 
miliar with its early hours, multitudinous 
tasks and small opportunities for recreation or 
diversion. His parents, Geor.ge \V. and Eliza 
.7. (Bosley) Le Master, came to Illinois in 18.54, 
settling on a farm in Fulton County, and in 
1S60 locating on land five miles south of Bush- 
nell. The elder Le Master was born in Bra- 
zil, Ind., and devoted his entire active life to 
farming. On this later farm Dr. Le Master 
was iKirn .July 2. 1877. For a time he profited 
by the education dispensed at the country 
school, and later attended the Western Normal 



936 



HISTORY OF Mcdonough county. 



at Rnshnell lor about three years. His profes- 
sional training was inaugurated at the School 
of Pharmacy, in Valparaiso, Ind., and after his 
graduation, with the degree of Ph. G., in 1900. 
he entered the College of Physicians and Sur- 
geons in Chicago, from which he took his de- 
gree of M. I), in 1904. In July of the same 
year he came to Bushnell. and since has de- 
voted himself to the general practice of medi- 
cine and surgery, and tohis duties as Examining 
Surgeon for the Pension [iureau for .McDonough 
County. 

The marriage of Dr. Le Master and Lucy .1. 
Sperry occurred in Mound Township, near 
Bushnell, September 24, 1902, Mrs. Le Master 
being a daughter of Mrs. Priscilla Sperry, liv- 
ing on a farm south of Bushnell. Two children 
have been born to Dr. and Mrs. Le Master, 
Helen and Dorothy. Dr. Le Master is a Repub- 
lican in politics, and fraternally is connected 
with the Independent Order of Odd Fellows. 
He is a wide-awake, progressive young man. 
counting no obstacle too great, nor any pri- 
vation too severe, if it brings him nearer to 
the goal of his ideal achievement. In his pro- 
fessional affiliations he is a member of the 
McDonough County and the Illinois State Med- 
ical Societies, and the American Medical As- 
sociation. 

LE MATTY, Joseph B., M. D. (deceased).— In 

the death of Dr. .loseph B. LeMatty, April 5, 
1903, McDonough County lost a citizen of en- 
viable character and one who, for a quarter 
of a century, pursued the profession of medi- 
cine and surgery with large benefit to his fel- 
low-men. Dr. LeMatty was born in Perth Am- 
boy, N. J., August IS, 1S46, and was a son of 
Joseph and Joanna (Flood) LeMatty, natives 
of France and New Jersey, respectively. Jo- 
seph Le.Matty came from France in his youth, 
and for many years followed the barber's trade 
in New Jersey, finally settling in Nauvoo, 111., 
where he at present lives with his second wife. 
Dr, LeMatty"s youthful impressions were 
gained on the farm of his paternal grandpar- 
ents in New Jersey, and in the district schools 
which he attended durin,g the leisure of the 
winter months. In time he wearied of agricul- 
ture and learned from his father the barbers 
trade, devoting his time to the same in Bush- 
nell, 111., after his arrival there in 1S67. A few 
years later he established a barber shop in 



Vermont, Fulton County, but seeking a wider 
and more resourceful occupation, in 1875 he 
entered the Missouri Medical College, in St. 
Louis, after reading medicine for a time in the 
office of Dr. Hoover in Vermont, graduating in 
medicine and surgery at the end of the two 
years' course. In 1877 he entered upon his 
professional career in New Philadelphia. Mc- 
Donough County, and for twenty-five years 
made himself an important factor in the com- 
munity. In March, 1902, he retired from ac- 
tive life to Bardolph, where he owned a com- 
fortable home, in which the last months of his 
life were spent. 

October 2, 1870, Dr. LeMatty was united in 
marriage to Mary B. Clark, who was born in 
Ohio, a daughter of Jonathan and Melissa (Mel- 
hone) Clark, natives of Massachusetts and 
Ohio, respectively. Of the three children born 
to Dr. and Mrs. LeMatty, all are living: Min- 
nie, wife of Claude Beal, of St. Louis; Joanna, 
wife of Dr. Hendricks, of Bardolph; and 
Daisy, wife of J. B. Knapp, of Chicago. Dr. Le- 
.Matty paid little attention to interests outside 
of his immediate profession, a fact which doubt- 
less accounted for his success and continual ad- 
vancement. He was a profound student of science, 
and at all times maintained the best principles 
and purposes of the profession to which his best 
years were devoted. His life, although com- 
jiaratively brief, as years ana opportunities are 
numbered, was well rounded and wisely di- 
rected, and he left as a legacy to his loved 
ones a comfortable competence, a spotless rep- 
utation and memories charged with noble deeds 
and unremitting self-sacrifices. In politics, he 
was a Republican. 

LENTZ, (Father) Francis George.—^ career 
wholly devoid of selfish aims and purposes, 
dedicated to the vital needs of humanity and 
consecrated by the solemn vows of religion, is 
always an interesting and instructive object of 
study to the philanthropist, and furnishes a 
strong incentive to emulation on the part of 
those who believe that the paramount object 
of life should be to uplift mankind and make 
the world better and happier. Such a career 
is that of Rev. Francis George Lentz, of Ma- 
comb. 111., pastor of the Catholic Church in that 
city and of the parish included in its ecclesias- 
tical jurisdiction. 

Father Lentz was born in Cumberland. Md., 




^^ ^.yi^^lAju Jl^^i^cc^/y 



HISTORY OF Mcdonough county. 



937 



December If), 1S46. Originally, his family was 
of English derivation, its record in America 
dating back to the settlement of Maryland by 
Uord Haltimore, During his youth he spent con- 
siderable time in business pursuits, thereby 
acquiring: a practical experience that proved 
quite serviceable to him in subsequent years. 
His collegiate education was partially obtained 
at Hardstown, Ky., and on the termination of 
his course of study there, he went to Cincinnati, 
Ohio, where he .graduated from St. Mary's Sem- 
inary .luly 6, 1S77. He took holy orders from 
Rt. Rev. Bishop Purcell, afterward Archbishop 
of that diocese, and was ordained to the priest- 
hood by Rt. Rev. liishop Dioenger, of Ft, Wayne, 
Ind.. immediately afterward taking charge of 
St. John's Catholic Church at Tipton, that 
State. There he arrived July 24, 1877, and re- 
mained until June, 1901. On assuming the pas- 
torate at Ti|)ton, he found a nucleus for the 
work of upbuilding in twelve Catholic families 
of the town, with three small lots and a diminu- 
tive frame edifice for worship, constituting the 
sole church property. The capacity of the lat- 
ter was less than one hundred persons. On the 
last Sunday of July, 1877, the first mass of 
Father Lentz at his new post of duty was cele- 
brated, with seventeen communicants in attend- 
ance. In October of that year, he began the 
erection of a comfortable pastoral residence, 
built of brick, which he occupied on the 8th of 
December following. During the next year he 
improved the humble church building by the 
addition of a sacristy. He infused his own 
personal energy and religious spirit into the 
little group of parishioners about him, and they 
were soon in hearty accord with his plans, 
earnestly co-operating in his efforts to extend 
the sphere oi church oi)eralions and influence. 
Realizing the productiveness of Tipton County 
as an agricultural region, he made strenuous 
exertions by advertising, travel and lecturing to 
induce an influx of people of his faith to that 
locality, and by these means soon succeeded in 
Increasing his congregation to the extent of 
more than a hundred families, mostly engaged 
in farming. In ISSl he enlarged the church 
edifice to more than twice its original dimen- 
sions, surmounted the building with a suitable 
steeple and, by the fonslruction of a gallery, in- 
creased its seating capacity almost two-thirds. 
The success resulting within a few years from 
the indomitable perseverance of Father Lentz 
21 



in the Tipton parish had hardly a parallel in 
the records of church development in that part 
of the country. In connection with his other 
labors, Father Lentz commenced the erection of 
St, John's Lyceum and Parochial School, the 
corner-stone of which was laid, with appropri- 
ate ceremonies, August 15, 1885, The Lyceum 
structure is of brick, with trimmings of hewn 
stone, and makes an attractive appearance. It 
contains four r(K)nis on the ground floor, with 
a cai)acity of 30(1 i)ui)ils, and a library apart- 
ment, 34 by 35 feet in dimensions. The upper 
story has a hall accommodating GOO pupils, the 
entire building costing $8,000. In the last 
named year the old church was destroyed by 
fire, ;;nd in 1886 the congregation, in com- 
mon viith all residents of the locality, suffered 
an additional misfortune of a very serious 
character from a tornado, which damaged crops 
and caused the ruin of much other property. 
As soon as his flock had to some extent re- 
covered from the effects of this disaster. Father 
Lentz made preparations for the erection of a 
new church edifice, the corner-stone of which 
was laid June 10, 1889. The limits of the 
present narrative necessarily preclude the de- 
tails of pi-ogress made in this work, but, suffice 
to say, that in June, 1889, the parish property 
had increased in value from $700 to $50,000, 
and the church congregation to 120 families. 

To the great regret of his parishioners, and 
of the people of Tipton and the surrounding 
countr>, representing all classes and religious 
sects. Father Lentz received the summons of 
his recall from the Tipton pastorate on June 1, 
1890. His departure from Tipton w-as made the 
occasion of demonstrations of unfeigned sor- 
row throughout the community, whose material 
and spiritual interests he had striven so zeal- 
ously and constantly to promote. On leaving 
Tipton, P'ather Lentz was sent to take charge 
of I he church of his denomination at Covington, 
Fountain County, Ind., where he remained until 
1901, continuing the good work previously 
prosecuted, with undiminished ardor and una- 
bated success. From September, 1897, until 
May, 1901, he gave missions for the Diocese of 
Peoria. 111., when he was sent to Bement, III., 
and on ,lune 1, 1901, assumed charge of his 
work at Macomb, On locating in Macomb he 
found I he church edifice and parsonage some- 
what the worse for age. and proceeded to have 
these buildings thoroughly renovated. He then 



938 



HISTORY OF Mcdonough county. 



built the St. Francis Hospital, the parochial 
school in Macomb, and the church in Tennessee, 
111., at a total cost of $50,000. Within a period 
of four years, through his energetic labors, sup- 
plemented by the aid of his congregations, the 
church membership was increased by eighty 
families, or 560 persons; the school was placed 
upon a basis of 110 attending pupils, with two 
teachers, and a curriculum including music; 
and the hospital was completed, with forty 
rooms, at a cost of $30,000. The school build- 
ing has four rooms for classes, a spacious hall 
and a large and convenient basement, adapted 
to purposes of amusement and social gatherings 
— the entire expense of construction and equip- 
ment being $15,000. which includes an item of 
$1,800 for the heating plant. After completing 
these various improvements, but $2,500 of in- 
debtedness remains on the whole. 

Father Lentz is a gentleman of broad scholar- 
ly attainments, vigorous habits, genial tempera- 
ment and affable bearing. He has greatly en- 
deared himself to his parishioners, besides gain- 
ing the esteem and confidence of the citizens of 
Macomb irrespective of religious predilections. 

LESTER, Obadiah Sherman, who is success- 
fully engaged in farming in Macomb Town- 
ship, McDonough County, HI., was born .Jan- 
uary Ifi, 1868, in Mercer County, Ky.. where 
in early youth he attended public school. He 
is a son of .Jesse M. and Cynthia H. (Salleel 
Lester, natives of Mercer County, Ky. His 
paternal grandparents, Obadiah and Nancy 
(Young) Lester, were natives respectively of 
the State of Virginia and Germany. John Sal- 
lee, his maternal grandfather, \yas born near 
Somerset, Ky. Obadiah S. Lester was reared on 
the farm in Kentucky, where he staid with his 
parents until he reached the age of nineteen 
years. At that period he went to Coles County, 
111., and worked on a farm two years. He re- 
turned to Kentucky where he remained ten 
months, and then came to McDonough County, 
and worked three years for Nelson Upp. On 
his marriage he rented a farm of 150 acres 
from his wife's grandfather, George Upp, who 
was one of the early settlers of the county. 
Mr, Lester purchased this farm in 1S99, in con- 
nection with his father-in-law. Nelson Upp, and 
in 1900, bought out the latter's interest in the 
property. He carries on general farming and 
raises cattle, hogs, etc. His parents removed 



to Good Hope, 111., in 1897. On October 2G, 
1893, Mr. Lester was married to Eva L. Upp, 
who was born and schooled in McDonough 
County. Four children have resulted from this 
union namely; Olive Winifred. Lucille, Francis 
Lloyd and Lyman. Politically, Mr. Lester is a 
Republican. He has served as School Director 
since 189S. Fraternally, he is a member of the 
M. W. A. 

LEWIS, Alexander. — Among the most favor- 
ably known and substantial citizens of Good 
Hope, McDonough County, 111., is the subject 
of this sketch, who has successfully followed 
general farming and stock feeding and shipping 
in Walnut Grove Township, for about fifteen 
years. Mr. Lewis is a native of the State of 
Ohio, born in Clark County of that State in 
1844, the son of James and Marguerite (Baker) 
Lewis, both of whom were natives of Maryland. 
James Lewis was a farmer by occupation, and 
went in early manhood from Marjiand to Ohio, 
where he carried on farming during the re- 
mainder of his life. 

In boyhood, Alexander Lewis utilized the op- 
portunities afforded by the common schools of 
his native State, and made himself serviceable 
on the paternal farm until he reached the age 
of twenty-seven years. In 1871, he moved to 
Illinois, locating in Macomb Township, Mc- 
Donough County, where he purchased eighty 
acres of land, which he cultivated until 1892. 
In that year he moved to Good Hoi)e. McDon- 
ough County, buying seventy acres of land of 
H. Allison, in Section 30, Walnut Grove Town- 
ship, on the edge of the village, and there car- 
ried on farming. Of late years he has been 
engaged in buying and shipping stock, and his 
transactions have extended over the entire 
county. At present, he devotes his attention 
solely to the business of stock shipping. Dur- 
ing the Civil War Mr. Lewis was a member 
of the Forty-fifth Regiment Ohio Volunteer In- 
fantry in which he served three years. 

In 1867 the subject of this sketch was united 
in marriage with Rebecca Hamilton, a native 
of Ohio, who died in 1871. In 1876 he was again 
married, wedding for his second wife Clara 
Spangler, of Macomb Township, McDonough 
County, who departed this life in 1892. To 
the first union, one child was born, who died 
in infancy. Four children resulted from the 
second marriage, as follows: Lulu (Mrs; 



HISTORY OF Mcdonough county. 



939' 



Push); Becky: Allie May, wlio died in 1884; 
and Beatrice, who died in 190,5. 

Mr. Lewis served acceptably as Township As- 
sessor for one term and, for a like i)eriod. dis- 
charged the duties of Road Commissioner of 
Walnut Grove Township. He is regarded as a 
capable business man. and bears the reputation 
of a well-informed and public-spirited citizen. 

LEWIS, William T.— Among the energetic 
and successful farmers in Emmet Township, 
McDonough Countv, 111., is the gentleman 
whose name appears at the beginning of this 
sketch. He is a native of Washington County, 
Ky.. where he was born February 3, 1853. His 
father, Samuel Lewis, was a Virginian, and his 
mother. Catherine (Webster) Lewis, was born 
in Washington County, Ky. His grandfather. 
James Lewis, was a native of Virginia. 

William T. Lewis is the eldest of the six 
children which composed his parents' family. 
His father died when William T. was ten years 
of age. and he came txj McDonough County 
with his mother, who bought a small farm in 
Emmet Township. There she lived until 1901, 
when she bought a house in Macomb, where she 
now resides. The subject of this sketch re- 
mained with his mother until ISSl, attending 
the district school in. his boyhood. On his mar- 
riage he settled on the home farm of fifty acres, 
to which he has added until he now owns 1G.5 
acres, thirty of which are timber land. He 
raises Poland-China hogs, draft-horses and cat' 
tie. His main crops are corn. oats, etc., of 
which he uses nearly all for feeding his stock. 

On September 15. 1881, .Mr. Lewis was mar- 
ried to Martha Guy. who was born in Emmet 
Township, where she attended the district 
school. The children resulting from their union 
were: Edgar G.; Katie A., who died May 15. 
1890, at the age of five years and nine months; 
William Grover; and .Mary B. In political 
contests. Mr. Lewis supports the principles of 
the Democratic party. He served as Road Com- 
missioner two years, and three years as School 
Trustee, making a good record. 

LINDSEY, Albert, a prosperous grocer of Ma- 
comb, was born in McDonough County, 111., 
November 23, 1S59, a son of .lonas and Sarah 
J. (Ctchran) LIndsey. His grandfather wa-s 
James Lindsey, of whose birthplace the record 
is not attainable. 



Mr. Lindsey received his early training in the 
public and high schools, and at the age of twen- 
ty-four years, after completing his school prepa- 
ration, was em|)loyed in farming in .McDono\igh 
County for a period of two years. He then 
move(i to Macomb rnd went into the business 
of handling imported stallions, in which he 
dealt to a considerable extent for fifteen years. 
In 1893, Mr. Lindsey established himself in the 
grocery trade in partnership with Albert Peck- 
inpaugh. Before the end of the first year of 
this connection he bought the interest of his 
partner, and has since conducted the store 
alone, on the south side of the i ublic square. 
He is thi- owner of some desirable real estate. 
His business standing and general reputation 
are excellent, and he is re.garded as honest and 
upri,ght in his dealings. 

Mr. Lindsay's first marriage was with Mary 
Tobin at Macomb, in 1SS2. and there was one 
child of this union, Eva Viola, born in June, 
1883. On March 1, 1894, he was married to 
Alice Grace Mason, who was born in Plymouth, 
Hancock County, 111., and there acquired her 
education in the public and normal schools. Of 
this second marriage there have been two sons: 
Albert, born May 2fi, 1905, and .Almont. born 
August 23, 190f). Mr. Lindsey is an adherent 
of the Republican party, and served for two 
years as City Supervisor. In religious belief 
he is a Presbyterian. 

LIPE, William Mitchell (deceased), formerly 
one of the most prominent citizens of Macomb, 
111., and among the most successful merchants 
of that city, was born in McDonough County, 
September 14. 1840, a son of Francis D. and 
Lucinda (Shumate) Lipe. who came from Ten- 
nessee to Kentucky and thence (o Illinois. The 
paternal ancestors were of German origin, his 
grandfather. Daniel Lipe, being from that coun- 
try. His grandmother was of English descent, 
and claimed relationship with Queen Victoria. 
Francis I). Lipe was a dry-goods merchant at 
Fandon, III., and also owned a very fine barn 
of horses in Macomb, forty of which were once 
poisoned, supposedly through some deadly drug 
maliciously mixed with their food. This oc- 
curred in Macomb on Jackson Street after his 
removal here. The elder Mr. I.,ipp was elected 
County Treasurer of McDonough County in 1854 
and was Sheriff in 1858. and also served as 
Captain during the Mormon War. He left 



940 



HISTORY OF Mcdonough county. 



Fandon about the time nis son, William M.. 
was verging on maturity. The educational op- 
portunitiPF of the subject of this sketch were 
somewhat limited, but he contrived to acquire 
an excellent knowledge of mathematics, and 
was often consulted as an authority on mathe- 
matical problems. He also developed into a 
thoroughly competent business man. In boy- 
hood he assisted in the work on his father's 
farm and also made himself serviceable in the 
latter's store. During his father's term in the 
shrievalty, he was also a valuable assistant. 
For a time he was a telegrapher in Macomb. 
being the first operator in ths town. He sub- 
sequently engaged in the grocery business, in 
which he continued successfully for about twen- 
ty years until his death, which occurred in 
1892. Mr. Lijie wis one of the first stockhold- 
ers in the McDonough County P''air Association. 
On the discovery of the gold mines in the West, 
he traveled somewhat in that region. 

On March 28, 1861, at Macomb, Mr. Lipe was 
wedded to Harriet Leach, who was born at 
Spring Creek, 111., November 28, 1842. Her fa- 
ther, Rufus Leach, was a farmer by occupation, 
and a pioneer settler in McDonough County. 
He was a native of Essex County, N. J., whence 
he removed to the vicinity of Cleveland, Ohio, 
and thence to Illinois. He purchased from the 
Government the lauds on which he developed 
his farm, near what is now Good Hope, Mc- 
Donough County. In politics he was a Demo- 
crat. The union of William Lipe and Harriet 
Leach resulted in three children, namely: Louie 
(Mrs. Brooking) and Addie (Mrs. Hendee), 
both of Macomb; and Ruth (Mrs. Huston), of 
Ann Arbor, Mich. Politically, Mr. Lijie was a 
supporter of the Democratic party, in the local 
councils of which he was prominent and in- 
fluential. He was elected Alderman several 
times, was Supervisor for eight years, and 
served a term as County Treasurer, being 
elected in 1871, — all of which trusts he fulfilled 
In an able and' faithful manner and to the en- 
fire satisfaction of his constituents. Although 
not connected with any religious denomination, 
he was a frequent attendant at divine services 
in the Christian Church. In fraternal circles, 
he was identified with the A. F. & A. M., I. 
O. O. F. and M. W. A. The subject of this 
sketch was very fond of Nature's scenery, and 
greatly enjoyed outdoor sports, such as hunting 
and fishing, etc. To his business affairs, how- 



ever, he paid strict attention. He possessed 
much force of will, and in demeanor was some- 
what quiet and reserved, preferring the com- 
panionship of his home to the pleasures of 
social life. 

LITTLE, James M., is a name familiar to all 
the people of Eldorado Township, where he 
has been engaged in farming for more than 
forty years, and is favorably known to a large 
majority of the citizens of McDonough County, 
111. He was born in Vermont, Fulton County, 
111.. Match 2, 1812. a son of Patrick S. and 
Mary A. (Riley) Little. His father was a 
native of Coshocton County, Ohio, and his 
mother of Maysville, Ky. The former died Au- 
gust 15, 1862. 

In 1851, James M. Little came with his par- 
ents to the place where he now lives, and grew 
up on a farm of eighty-one and one-half acres 
Ijurchased by his father. In youth he enjoyed 
the benefits of attendance at the common schools 
of the neighborhood, and afterward for one 
year pursued a course of study in Abingdon 
College. He is the fourth of seven children 
born to his parents and assisied his father on 
the farm for much of the time until the latter's 
death. During his early life he taught school 
for thirteen winters in Eldorado Township. 
After his father died, he bought the interests 
of the other heirs of the estate, except that 
of his mother, who held her interest and con- 
tinues to live with the subject of this sketch. 
Mr. Little still retains the original farm. In 
1S70 he moved away from the property and oc- 
cupied a rented farm in the same township for 
one year, when he returned to the home farm. 

Mr. Little v/as married January 18, 1863, to 
Elizabeth E. Royal, who was born at Cotton 
Hill, near Sjiringfield, 111., and received her 
early education at the public schools in the 
vicinity of her home, and was afterwards a 
pupil in the high school at Vermont, 111. The 
following named children resulted from this 
union: Henry M., Frank P., Joseph B., Myrtle 
M. (Mrs. H. P. Wetingill), of .Nebraska; Royal 
E., and Eva L., who is still a member of the 
home circle, Mrs. Little's parents were Joseph 
B. and Louisa (Downing) Royal, the father 
being born in Columbus, Ohio, November 1, 
ISIO. Their marriage occurred in Vermont, 111., 
August 19, 1841. They. lived for a short time in 
Sangamon County, 111., and spent a brief pe- 




^r^JV:^. 



HISTORY OF Mcdonough county. 



941 



riod in Iowa, but finally locaied in Vermont, 
wliere the.v both died — Mrs. Koyal on .January 
8, 1S5S, and Mr. Royal in August, 1.S9S. at the 
age of eighty-two years. Mr. Royal was a Chris- 
tian minister, a raan of fine conscience and 
strons character and a friend of Abraham 
Lincoln. 

lu religious belief. Mr. Little is an adherent 
of the Christian Church. Politically, he is a 
pronounced and active Republican, and has 
rendered most efficient and faithful public ser- 
vice in a number of local offices. In 1894 he 
was elected County Treasurer and served from 
that period until I.S9S. In 1900 he acted as 
government census enumerator. He was again 
elected Supervisor In the spring of 1901, was 
re-elected In 190,5. and still holds that office. 
His incumbency in the office of School Director 
was unusually prolonged, lastin.g from his man- 
hood until 1903. Mr. Little also served fifteen 
years continuously as Town Clerk, five years as 
Collector, and several years as Assessor. The 
bestowal u|;on him of these variour public trusts 
is an idex of the confidence reposed in his 
ability and integrity by his fellow citizens. 
Fraternally. .Mr. Little is affiliated with the K. 
of P. 

LOGAN, James P., a well-known retired farm- 
er, formerly actively engaged in agriculture in 
Chalmers Township. McDonough County, was 
born in Schuyler County. 111.. October 24. 1832, 
a son of .Joseph and Elizabeth (Ross) Logan, 
natives of the State of Kentucky. .Joseph Logan 
came to Schuyler County in 1830, and there he 
settled on land near Littleton, where he was 
engaged in farming until his death. James 
P. Logan is the eighth of nine children and 
lived with his ])arents until he was ten years 
old. After that period he worked in various 
localities of Schuyler County, getting what 
schooling he could until he reached the age of 
twenty-five years. At that period he crossed the 
plains with ox-teams to California, and worked 
there at mining and farming for eight years. 
Returning in 18fi7 to Schuyler County, he lived 
on a farm which he owned until 1872. when he 
sold the place and moved to McDonough Coun- 
ty. Here he bought a farm of eighty-three 
acres in Chalmers Townshi]). where he has since 
lived, although his farm is rented out. 

Mr. Logan was first married February 4. ISO", 
to Martha Applegate, who was born and 



schooled in Schuyler County. Two children, 
Frank and Fred, resulted from this union. 
Their mother died May 19, 18S2. On June 10, 
1883, Mr. Logan's second marriage occurred, 
the bride being Alpha Mullen, a native of Mid- 
dle Tennessee. She was the mother of five 
children. In religious belief, Mr. Logan ac- 
cepts the doctrine of the Baptist denomination. 
In politics, he takes the Democratic side, and 
has served as School Director of his lownship 
since 1903. _ 

LOGAN, John Matthew. — .A man of strong 
character, sound judgment and earnest person- 
ality is John M. Logan, who has been engaged 
in farming in the vicinity of Macomb, Mc- 
Donough County, III., for a number of years. 
In firm self-reliance, diligent |)erseverance and 
uiiright dealing, he is a worthy representative 
of the sturdy Scotch-Irish aiicestors from 
whom he is descended, and who were among 
the early settlers of Virginia. Mr. Logan is a 
native of Kentucky, where he was born at Co- 
lumbia, Adair County, in 18.57. His father and 
mother, Henry and Annie Elizabeth (.Johnson) 
Logan, were also Kentucklans by birth, the 
former having been born at Lebanon, in that 
State. In 1828, and the latter at Columbia in 
1833. Grandfather Johnson, a lawyer of some 
note, removed to Kentucky from Maryland in 
the pioneer days. Henry Logan was a farmer 
by occupation. He and his wife were the par- 
ents of si.\ children, five of whom were boys. 

.John .Matthews l^ogan was favored with edu- 
cational advantages in the common schools of 
Kentucky, which he attended during the win- 
ter season, meanwhile assisting his father in 
the routine of farm work, and toiling in the 
tobacco fields in summer time, .\fter leaving 
home he became a book agent, and was engaged 
for three years in selling "Hitchcock's Analy- 
sis of the Hible." in the States of North Car- 
olina. South Carolina and Virginia. Although 
successful in this undertaking, he felt Inclined 
to try his fortunes in the North, and in 1888, 
located at White Hall, Greene County, 111., 
where he remained three years. At the end of 
that period he went to work in the vicinity of 
Macomb as a farm hand, continuing thus five 
years. Since then he has been successfully en- 
gaged in farming operations on the William 
S. Bailey property, which consists of 500 acres. 
In 1894, Mr. Logan was united in marriage 



942 



HISTORY OF Mcdonough county. 



with Minnie Owens, who was born in Macomb, 
and whose father served three .years in the 
Civil War. Two children have resulted from 
this union: Mabel, born in 1900, and Hazel, 
born in 1904. 

In religion. Mr. Logan adheres to the faith 
cf the Cumberland Presbyterian Church. Po- 
litically, he is a Democrat, and has rendered ac- 
ceptable public service as Tax Collector and 
School Trustee, acting in each capacity two 
terms. In fraternal circles, he is affiliated with 
the .Modern Woodmen of America, having be- 
come a member of the order in 1905. Like all 
of this branch of the Logan family, Mr. Logan 
is a man of liberal and tolerant spirit, maintain- 
ing amicable relations with his neighbors and 
acquaintances, keeping aloof from the troubles 
and entanglements growing out of contentions 
and litigation, and c\iltivating the amenities of 
life without sacrifice of principle. He is re- 
spected by all who know him. 

LOVEJOY, Horace E., formerly a successful 
farmer in Sciota Township, McDonough County, 
111., but now living in comfortable retirement 
in Good Hope, that county, was born in Ox- 
ford, N. H., March 13, 1S42. a son of Selah and 
Abigail (Woodbury) Lovejoy, natives of New 
Hampshire and Massachusetts, respectively. 
Selah Lovejoy was a farmer by occupation, and 
always followed agricultural pursuits in his 
native State. He was the father of four chil- 
dren. The subject of this sketch received his 
early Instruction In the public schools of New 
Hampshire and passed his youth at home, as- 
sisting his father on the farm until he went 
away to engage in railroad work. For some 
time his occupation in this connection con- 
sisted in running a train. He left New Hamp- 
shire in 1876 and settled in McDonough County, 
111., locating in Section 11. Sciota Township, 
where he rented farming land from his wife's 
father. He still has 200 acres, willed to his 
wife by her father, on which most of the im- 
provements were made by Mr. Lovejoy. This 
farm he continued to operate until Christmas. 
1901, when he purchased residence property of 
Daniel McNeff, in Good Hope, which he has 
since made his home. Two of his sons now 
carry on general farming and stock-raising on 
the homestead, devoting considerable attention 
to the breeding of Red Polled cattle. 

On November 3, 1Sf)4. Mr. Lovejoy was united 



in marriage at Rlndge, N, H., with Mary Rob- 
bins, who was born in that place in 1841. Her 
father. David A. Robblns, first vi.=;ited McDon- 
ough County in 1SG5, and a year later located 
in Sciota Township. There he was engaged in 
farming until a few years previous to his death, 
when he returned to the East. He was the 
owner of GSO acres of land in that township. 
Mrs. Lovejoy 's mother, Betsy (Coolidge) Rob- 
bins, who was a native of Gardner, Mass., was 
the mother of two children, oce of whom is 
deceased. After the death of M.S. Lovejoy"s 
mother, Mr. Robblns married Louisa Stone, of 
Winchendon, Mass., who bore him three chil- 
dren, two of whom survive. The union of Mr. 
and Mrs. Lovejoy resulted in ten children, five 
of whom survive, namely: Elsie A.; Fred W., 
who lives in Colorado; Mary (Mrs. Charles 
Combs), and Charles Thomas and Samuel, who 
conduct the home farm. In 1900, Charles 
Thomas was married, at Macomb, 111., to Pearl 
Evans, who was born In Logan County, III., 
and three children have resulted from their 
union, namely: Orville E., Floyd E., and 
Leota Mary. The father of Mrs. Pearl (Evans) 
Lovejoy (the mother of these three children) 
carried on farming in Logan County. Fred 
W. was born in Winchendon, Mass., was mar- 
ried. In 1900, to Nancy Evans, the sister of 
his brother's wife. Both of these sons of Mr. 
Lovejoy were married on the same day and at 
the same hour, one in Oklahoma, and the other, 
in Macomb, 111. The latter is the lather of one 
child. Earl B. Mr. Lovejoy takes no part in 
politics, not having voted for over thirty years. 

MAGUIRE, David R., retired farmer, Macomb, 
111., was born in Shelby County, Ky., October 
20, 1833, the son of James and Rachael (Ran- 
dolph) Maguire, natives, respectively, of Vir- 
ginia and Kentucky, who came to Sangamon 
County. 111., about 1844. With them were eight 
children. In 1852 the family moved to McDon- 
ough County, where they purchased 160 acres of 
land in Macomb Township. From time to time 
additional purchases were made, until at the 
time of his death, on December 6, 1S67, the fa- 
ther owned 680 acres of valuable land. David 
R. Maguire was educated in the common 
schools, and deciding to be an agriculturist, 
purchased 460 acres of the homestead prop- 
erty. 

On September 9, 1874. Mr. Maguire was 



HISTORY OF Mcdonough county. 



943 



united in marriafie with Rebecca Hardo, of Ly- 
coniinfx County, Pa. He ensa^ed in raising 
stocli and did a general farming business 
until 1S92, at whicii time he built a residence 
on East Calhoun Street, Macomb, where he 
has since lived a retired life at peace with 
the world. In political affiliations, Mr. Ma- 
giiire is a Reiiublican. He has acted as School 
Treasurer of Macomb Township, filling his fa- 
ther's unexpired term in that office. He be- 
longs to the Methodist Church. To look back 
upon a well spent life; to be able to retire 
and live on one's income; to be at peace with 
all — this is the lot of few men; but such is the 
good fortune of David R. Maguire. 

MAGUIRE, Edward, retired farmer, Macomb, 
111., was born near Lexington, Ky., October 
20, 1S29, the son of .lames and Rachel (Ran- 
dolph ) Maguire. Both parents were natives of 
Kentucky, the father born in 1796, and the 
mother in 1800. Of the grandparents, Ed- 
ward Maguire was born in Ireland and Moses 
Randolph in New .lersey. In 1844. James Ma- 
guire broiight his family to Sangamon County, 
111., and there they resided until 18(11, when a 
residence was purchased in Macomb and, for 
two years thereafter, this was their home. Of 
the pioneer experiences of this family it is 
fitting that we relate one. The second w-inter 
after they arrived in Illinois, they bought an 
unfurnished twostory house in Macomb, which, 
with the aid of Alexander Mcljcan, six yoke 
of oxen, and a number of men, in less than 
one day's time was moved across the prairie 
two and one half miles and placed on a firm 
foundation, while the movers returned to town 
in g(X)d season to perform the customary night 
tasks of the farmer. In this house the parents 
lived until their decease, which occurred, re- 
spectively, in 1S65 and 1875. 

Edward Maguire was one of seven children 
who followed the changing fortunes of this pio- 
neer family. His education was received in the 
public schools convenient to the homestead, 
and he remained with his parents until his 
thirtieth year, when he purchased 160 acres of 
land, built a good house and be,gan life for 
himself. On October 19, 1S54, Mr. Maguire was 
married to Ellen A. Harris, of Carlinville, 111., 
and of this union six children have been bom: 
Martha Roseland, who was born October 17, 
1855. was married November 4, 1896, at Myrtle 



foint, and died Xovembcr 5, 1900; Mary 
Rachael, Sarah Isadore, Hattie Thomas, James 
Ralph, born November 28, 1868, married June 
29, 1902, Miss Lydia Diefenbach, of Valparaiso, 
Ind„ and died April 1, 1905; and Edward Cal- 
vin, In the year 1883 Mr. Maguire retired fromi 
active labor, and moved to Macomb, where he 
has since resided. In his political affiliations 
he is a Republican, and has served as School 
Director of Macomb Township. 

Mr. Maguire is a highly respected member , 
of Macomb's coterie of early settlers. 

MARINER, Henry, — Of the cabin dwellers who 
invaded Illinois in the vigor of early manhood 
in 1838, few remiin to lend the narrative of 
that time the benefit of personal confirmation. 
A distinction, therefore, attends one whose 
mode of life has projected him into the com- 
pany of the borrowers of time, and enabled him 
to contrast the environment of the men of the 
frontier with that of the industrial captains 
whose energies are welding the affairs of the 
twentieth century. To none of these survivors 
has been vouchsafed a richer heritage of expe- 
rience than to Henry Mariner, who at the age 
of eighty-nine is a retired citizen of Bushnell, 
111., and derives a comfortable income from his 
investments. 

Mr. Mariner is of French ancestry and naut- 
ical renown, certain members of the family 
having been toilers of the sea during the time 
of Lafayette. He was born in ISIS, on a farm 
in the conservative New England community 
of Sharon Township, Litchfieid County, Conn., 
of which State and county his parents, Buell 
and Esther (Lord) Mariner, also were natives. 
When three years old, Henry was taken by his 
parents to a farm near Benton Center, Yates 
County, N. Y., the journey being made in a 
wagon and with discomforting accompaniments. 
Here the elder Mariner died in 18.51, a devout 
believer in the tenets of the Methodist Episcopal 
Church, of which he had been a member from 
childhood. His wife lived until her ninety- 
second year, dying in 1876, after having reared 
a family of eight children, of whom Henry is 
the fifth, and Homer, a younger brother, still 
oc,cupies the old homestead near Benfon. 
Henry Mariner attended the public schools of 
Benton, and in 1838, when twenty years old, ac- 
companied his brother to Buffalo, N Y., thence 
journeying by boat to Detroit, Mich., and from 



944 



HISTORY OF Mcdonough county. 



the latter point walking the entire distance to 
Canton, Fulton County, 111. In his homespun 
clothes Henry Mariner had a hundred dollars, 
the magnificent and splendid proportions of 
which doubtless exceeded the bulk of the 
fortune which he has since won. This sum 
of money remained intact, however, for the lad 
had energy and far-sightedness, and at once 
set to work for a farmer, being thus employed 
for the next ten or twelve years. At the end 
of that time he invested his capital and earn- 
ings in an eighty-acre tract of land three miles 
from Canton, which municipality at that time 
boasted of eight hundred inhabitants. The 
growth of Canton was an interesting study to 
Mr. Mariner, as there he marketed his products 
and purchased such necessities— or rather luxu- 
ries, as they then were known — without his 
range of production. Disposing of his farm 
near Canton in 1S55, Mr. Mariner bought a 
quarter-section of land in Walnut Grove Town- 
ship, McDonough County, to which he subse- 
quently added another IfiO acres, both of which 
are still owned by him. He was always an 
enthusiastic admirer of fine stock, and it was 
largely to this branch of agriculture that his 
later farming efforts were directed. He was a 
studious as well as industrious husbandman, 
keeping pace with the times in general, and 
with farming innovations in all parts of the 
world in particular. His property came to 
reflect the wisest and most practical advance- 
ment in agricultural science, and he acquired 
the reputation of being one of the most pro- 
gressive and painstaking landsmen in this part 
of the State. In connection with the achieve- 
ments of his family. It is interesting to note 
that the Mariner apple, inseparably associated 
with the finest apple products of New York 
State, owes its existence to the skill in graft- 
ing by a brother of Mr. Mariner. 

In 1900 Mr. Mariner abandoned personal su- 
pervision of his farm and moved to Bushnell, 
McDonough County, where he has a comfortable 
home, and where his declining years are 
cheered by the friendship of many and the 
good will of all. The wife who shared his 
growing prosperity until her death. March 24, 
1885, was formerly Lucretia Stearns, who T^as 
born in Naples, N. Y., December 19, 1824, a 
daughter of Phineas and Mary (Cooper) 
Stearns, natives of Massachusetts. The Amer- 
ican head of the Stearns family came from 



England in the ship "Arabella," and took a 
prominent part in governmental affairs under 
John Winthrop, Colonial Governor of Massachu- 
setts. Subsequently bearers of the name 
stacked their muskets on the battle-fields of 
the Revolution, and still others, in pursuit of 
their various avocations, contributed to the 
conservative element in many Eastern States. 
Mr. and Mrs. Mariner were the parents of two 
daughters. Ada M. and Mary E.. whose death 
occurred in 1886, the year after that of her 
mother. 

In 1840 Mr. Mariner cast his first presidential 
vote for W. H. Harrison, and since its organiza- 
tion, he has been a stanch supporter of the 
Republican party. For five years he served as 
Supervisor of McDonough County, and for a 
number oi years was a member of the board of 
education. He was active during the life of 
the Anti-Horse Thief Society, organized tor the 
protection of the early settlers of McDonough 
County. Although subscribing to no religious 
creed. Mr. Mariner has observed always the 
most scrupulous of business and .social ethics, 
and has contributed generously to churches and 
charitable organizations. If he is one of the 
most venerable of the surviving pathfinders of 
Illinois he is also one of the most lovable and 
companionable; a genial narrator of pioneer 
happenings, yet an ardent admirer of the ad- 
vanced civilization which reflects its brilliant 
achievements upon the twilight of his sojourn. 

MARINER, Jeremiah Buel.— The farm of four 
hundred acres in Prairie City Township, Mc- 
Donough County, now being operated by .Jere- 
miah B. Mariner, has been in the possession 
of his family since the summer of 1855, when 
his parents, Orin and Hannah W. (York) Man- 
ner, came from Fulton County, where .Teremiah 
was torn April 21, 1850. The parents were both 
natives of New York State, and were very early 
settlers of Illinois. Orin Mariner was an in- 
dustrious and capable farmer, and added to his 
original half-section until, at the time of his 
death in 1901, he owned 400 acres. His wife, 
who died in 1900, reared four of her six chil- 
dren, .leremiah B. being third in order of birth. 

Mr. Mariner was educated in the public 
schools of McDonough County, and assumed the 
management of his father's farm at the time of 
his marriage. December Ifi. 1880, to Nettie E. 
Hurley, who was born in Fulton County, 111., 



HISTORY OF Mcdonough col'xty. 



945 



AiiKUst 24. ISfiO. He now owns o20 acres in 
his own name, and carries on general farming 
and stocli-raising. adding constantly to the im- 
provements made by his father, and surround- 
ing himself with those refinements and luxuries 
which distinguish the educated and successful 
from the ignorant and unambitious farmer. 
Like her husband. Mrs. Mariner represents one 
of the early families of Illinois, her iiarents. 
William and .loannah (Wolf) Hurley, having 
been born in Fulton County. The mother died 
March 20, 1890, and in 1S93 the fplher married 
again, and is now livin.g in Bird City, Cheyenne 
County, Kans. Mrs. Mariner is tht- third oldest 
of four children, and is herself the mother of 
three children: William O.. born December 1. 
ISSl: Glenn E., born .January IS, 188:!; and 
Charles B.. born December 4. 1888 With char- 
acteristic kindness of heart, Mr. and Mrs. Mari- 
ner adopted a young girl named Celia Florence, 
who died February 20, 1898, at the age of twen- 
ty years. In his political affiliation Mr. Mariner 
is a Republican, and he has occui)ied practically 
all of the township offices, ilischarging their 
duties in a creditable manner. He is popular 
socially, as well as in his business relations, 
and is connected with the Knights of Pythias, 
Modern W'oodmen of America and the Court of 
Honor. He is a zealous and progressive pro- 
moter of the best thus far achieved in agricul- 
ture, and his reputation as a man rests upon 
the possession of sterling qualities of mind 
and heart. 

MARRS, Richard F., M. D., a well-known and 
successful physician and surgeon, who is en- 
gaged in the practice of his profession in Sciota, 
McDonough County, HI., was !)orn at Penning- 
ton's Point, that State, on ,Tannary 9, 1862, a 
son of Abijah T. and Elizabeth (Pennington) 
Marrs. of whom the former was born in Ken- 
tucky, and the latter in Illinois. The maternal 
grandfather was Richard Pennington, a 
native of Kentucky. Abijah T. Marrs 

came to McDonough County at an early period 
(about 1856) and devoted his attention to agri- 
cultural pursuits. Members of his wife's fam- 
ily weie among the earliest settlers of the coun- 
ty. The subject of this sketch attended the 
public schools of his vicinity and followed farm- 
ing and teaching in early manhood, meanwhile 
pursuing a course of study in the normal 
school. He subsequently took a medical and 



surgical course in the Cincinnati Eclectic Col- 
lege, from which he was graduated in 1889. In 
October of that year he commenced practice in 
Sciota, and has continued thus to the present 
time. His ability and skill as a physician and 
surgeon are generally recognized, and his 
patronage has steadily increased. 

In 1891. Dr. Marrs was united in marriage 
to Eva Clark, who was born and educated in 
Sciota. and whose father, William B. Clark, 
heli)ed to lay out the town. Three children 
have resulted from this union, namely: Junia, 
Helen and Mildred. Politically, Dr. Marrs casts 
his vote with the DemocraTic party. Pra- 
ternally. he is affiliated with the M. W. of ■\., 
I. O. O. F.. and Daughters of Rebekah. He 
is a member of the Illinois Slate Medical So- 
ciety and the McDonough County Medical 
Society. 

MARTIN, Isaac M., M. D. — A score of yea^s 
devoted to the practice of medicine and surgery 
in La Harpe, 111., has established Dr. Isaac M. 
Martin a reputation among the foremost and 
most reliable members of his i)rofession in this 
part of Illinois. A graduate of Hahnneman 
Medical College, Chicago, of the class of 1881, 
and previous to coming to this town a practi- 
tioner for six years in Macomb, Dr. Martin in 
1891 pursued a post-graduate course in his 
alma mater, and furthermore has unceasingly 
employed the aids of science and research in 
extendini: his ability and opi)ortunities for the 
amelioration of the i)hysical woes of mankind. 
Dr. Martin is a native of Macomb, born Septem- 
ber 9, 18.5:{. He comes of a family of practical 
and useful tendencies, and one intimately con- 
nected with affairs in McDonough County sinc3 
1842. During that year his father, ,Ioseph M. 
Martin, came from Miami County, Ohio, and 
located in Macomb, where be followed his trade 
as builder and contractor until shortly before 
his death in 189:!. He is survived by his wife, 
Henrietta G. (Westfall) Martin, also born in 
Miami County, Ohio, and now the only living 
charter member of the Macomb Universalist 
Church. The elder Martin was a master car- 
penter and shrewd business -.nan. and during 
an unusually active business career, probably 
constructed more buildings in McDonough 
County than any one other man. 

In addition to a large and varied practice. 
Dr. Martin has borne many exacting pollttcal 



946 



HISTORY OF Mcdonough county. 



and social responsibilities, which he has dis- 
charged with keen regard for the best welfare 
of the community. As a Republican he has 
been a member of the County Central Com- 
mittee several years and a delegate to two 
State Conventions, was also City Clerk of Ma- 
comb from 1SK2 until 1887, a member of the 
School Board tor ten years, member of the Li- 
brary Board five years. City Attorney of La 
Harpe one term, and Alderman of that city 
two years. He is a member ot the American 
Medical Society and the Illinois State Homoeo- 
pathic Society, and fraternally, is connected 
with the Independent Order of Odd Fellows, 
Ancient Order of United Workmen and the 
Modern Woodmen of America. In religion he 
Is a Universalist. Dr. Martin is the owner of 
the "La Harpe Times," of which his son, Mor- 
ris Carl Martin, is editor, and another son, 
Edgar S., is foreman. These young men were 
horn to the first wife of Dr. Martin, whom he 
married September 5, 1883, and who formerly 
was Elsie Taylor, a native of Colchester, 111. 
Mrs. Martin died .luly 30, 18>8, and December 
b. 1SS9, Dr. Martin was united in marriage to 
Clara A. Locke, of La Harpe, and daughter of 
George and Mary E. (Webster) Locke, natives 
of Michigan and Fulton County, 111., respective- 
ly. Dr. Martin and his present wife are the 
parents of two daughters: Mary Etta and 
Esther Pearl. 

MATTHEWS, James Monroe, Superintendent 
of the County Farm of McDonough County, 111., 
was born in Bethel Township, that county, 
April 22, 1849. He is a son of Jacob and 
Abigail (Dunsworth) Matthews, natives of Ten- 
nessee. His grandfather. Benjamin Matthews, 
was also a native of that State. At an early 
period Grandfather Matthews came to Bethel 
Township, where he was an extensive land- 
holder. Jacob Matthews, the father, owned and 
operated a grist-mill at Fandon, in that town- 
ship, where he died in 1859. James M. Mat- 
thews, who is the oldest of a family of four 
children, lived with his parents until the spring 
of 1866, after which he worked out until his 
marriage He was occupied in farming, run- 
ning a threshing machine and engine, and mak- 
ing pottery. In April, 1903, he bought a farm 
of twenty-three and one-half acres in the north- 
east part of Macomb, which he has since sold. 
In 1901 Mr. Matthews was appointed Superin- 



tendent of the County Farm for one year, after 
which he was for two years engaged in farm- 
ing. In March, 1904, he was again appointed to 
his former position for two years. The County 
Farm comprises 160 acres of land, and contains 
a substantial brick building of ninety-two 
rooms. 

On May 21, 1872, Mr. Matthews was married 
to Joanna Shutes Boyd, who was born in Col- 
chester Township, McDonough County, in 1851, 
and in girlhood attended the public schools. 
One child, Howard, born in October, 1873, is 
the offspring of this union. Politically, Mr. 
Matthews is a Democrat, religiously, belongs to 
the Christian Church, and fraternally, is affil- 
iated with the I. O. O. F. and the M. W. A. 

MAXWELL, Fred H., one of the most promi- 
nent citizens of Bardolph, McDonough County, 
111., who has already crowded into his com- 
paratively brief career the accomplishments 
usually attending a much later period of suc- 
cessful lite, and who in addition to his duties 
as owner and publisher of the 'Bardolph News, ' 
is also conducting a real-estate business, second 
In the extent of its transactions to none in his 
locality, was born in Bardolph, February 6, 
1875, a son ot Henry A. and Mary E. (Kee) 
Maxwell, the former a native of Harrison Coun- 
ty, Ohio, and the latter of Pennsylvania. 
Thomas Maxwell, the paternal grandfather, was 
also a native of Ohio, born in the same county 
as his son above mentioned, and his wife, Ann 
(Baymiller) Maxwell, born in Pennsylvania, is 
still living. The great-grandfather, Robert Max- 
well, was of Scotch nativity. Of the ancestry 
on the maternal side, no record is available 
except the mere name of William A. Kee, the 
grandfather, whose wife's siven name was 
Mary. To Henry A. Maxwell and his wife were 
born thirteen children, seven sons and six 
daughters, all of whom are living except one 
daughter, the first born, who died in infancy. 
Fred H. Maxwell was educated in the Bardolph 
schools, where he pursued his studies until he 
reached the age of eighteen years, was then 
employed for four years as a clerk in the hard- 
ware store of R. C. Wilcox, and at the end of 
that period bought the "Bardolph News." which 
he has since continued to publish, conducting 
a job-printing department in connection with 
the work of issuing the paper. His brother, 
Harry Maxwell, acts in the capacity of foreman 



HISTORY UF McUONOUGH COUNTY. 



947 



of the concern. In 1899 Mr. Maxwell engaged in 
the real-estate business, and during the year 
1905 negotiated the sale of twenty-six farms 
located in McDonough County, a number ex- 
ceeding the combined farm sales of all the 
other real-estate offices in McDonough County. 
His business increased to phenomenal extent, 
and he found it advisable to open a branch 
real-estate office in Macomb, which is also doing 
a tknirishing business. 

On March 11, 1S97, Mr. Maxwell was united 
in marriage with Nellie B. Massey, who was 
born in Macomb, 111., and there received her 
education in the public schools. Mrs. Maxwell 
is a daughter of Robert H. and Pauline (Tay- 
lor) Massey, both natives of Illinois. The 
imion of Mr. and Mrs. Maxwell has been blessed 
with two children, namely: Ralph H., born 
June 15, 1899: and Robert F., born August 22, 
1905. The first born, Ralph H., died on Sen- 
tember 11, 19(i(;, aged seven years, two months 
and twenty-seven days. 

In politics, Mr. Maxwell is allied with the 
Democratic party, and wields no inconsiderable 
influence w-ith the local councils of that organ- 
ization. He is a member of the McDonough 
rounty Democratic Central Committee, and 
tilled the' office of Township Clerk for four 
years with a creditable efficiency and fidelity. 
In 1902 he was the candidate of his party for 
Treasurer of McDonough County, but as that 
county is normally Republican, he was defeated, 
leading the Democratic ticket, however, by a 
considerable margin. Fraternally, Mr. .Maxwell 
is identified with the A. F. & .A. M.. Hardolph 
Lodge .No. 572; the I. O. O. F., Uardolph Lodge 
No. 372; and the Macomb Lodge of the B. P. 
O. E. He is one of the best informed and 
most enterprising and successful among the 
younger element of the progressive and repre- 
sentative men of McDonough County. 

McCLELLAN, Frank Grant, a iirominent real- 
estate and insurance agent in Macomb, Mc- 
Donough County, III., was born in Macomb, 
March 2, 1S69. His parents were William G. 
and Eleanor K. IXunn) McClellan, the father 
born in the vicinity of Uniontown. Pa., and the 
mother in Cumberland County. Ky. .Mr. Mc- 
Clellan. who is the eldest of three children, 
received his early education in the .Macomb 
public and normal schools, which he nttended 
during the winter season, working in a gro- 



cery store in summer, until he was nineteen 
years old. Then he worked in a grocery and 
queensware store for two years, and was aft- 
erward employed five years in a clothing store. 
Subse(iuently, together with Frank W. Hunter, 
he purchased the laundry concern of Suttle 
& Gesner, and two years later bought the in- 
terest of his iiartner. He conducted the busi- 
ness alone until October, 1903. when he sold 
out and went into the life, fire and accident 
insurance business. He represents the Mutual . 
Life Insurance Company, of New York; the 
Aetna Life (accident department); the -North- 
western Life, of Milwaukee, Wis.; the National 
Union, of Pittsburg, Pa„ and the German Fire 
Insurance Company, of the same place. 

Mr. .McClellan was married ..\ugust 28, 1895, 
to Bonnie .A.. Beal, who was born in Frederick, 
Schuyler County. III., was educated in the 
luiblic and normal schools of Macomb, and sub- 
sequently taught two years in the common 
schcxjls of that city. Mrs. McClellan is a 
daughter of Jesse O. and Evaline (Wampler) 
Heal, who w-ere born, respectively, in Keene, 
Ohio, and Schuyler County, 111. Her maternal 
grandparents were Peter and Rebecca (Kirk- 
ham) Wampler, natives of Pennsylvania. 

Politically, the subject of this sketch acts 
with the Republican party. He is affiliated 
fraternally with the A. F. & A. M. (Macomb 
Lodge No. 17. .Morse Chapter No. 19, and Ma- 
comb Commandery No. 6, K. T.); Montrose 
Ixidge No. 104. K. of P.; M. W. A., and .M. W. 
His religious belief is that of the Presbyte- 
rian denomination. Socially, he is quite popu- 
lar and in his various business relations he 
has displayed the qualities essential to suc- 
cess. Mr. .McClellan's popularity, as well as 
the public confidence in his honesty and ability, 
is well illustrated by his election to the office 
of City Clerk of Macomb in April, 1905, for 
a term of two years. On May 1, 190G, he opened 
a btx)k and stationery store on the northwest 
corner of the Public Square, the business being 
under the management of his wife. Mrs. Mc- 
Clellan, who is well known and highly re- 
spected in Macomb, with her husband is a mem- 
ber of the Eastern Star Lodge, and is also a 
Mystic Worker. 

McCLELLAN, (Captain) James C, was born in 
Washington County, Pa., April 1, 1829. His 
parents were James and Abigail (Cornwell) 



i 



948 



HISTORY OF McbONOL'GH COUNTY. 



McClellan, natives of the same State. They 
were poor in the world's goods, but rich in 
faith, and in their intercourse with the world 
ever endeavored to observe the Golden Rule. 
The father was by trade a carpenter, and when 
James was but fourteen years of age he took 
him in the shop that he might learn the sams 
trade. The common school, that institution 
from which so many of the eminent men have 
graduated, was the only place where a knowl- 
edge of letters was imparted to him, and the 
place where all knowledge of books was re- 
ceived, save what he has since learned by self- 
application. For nineteen years he followed 
his chosen trade, acquiring considerable skill 
in the work. 

At an early period in his life his parents 
moved to Preston County, Va., where they re- 
mained until their removal to Illinois in 18-54. 
James accompanied them to West Virginia, but 
tarried there after their removal to this State. 
having in the meantime been bound by ties 
stronger than of blood — that of marriage with 
Miss Venia J. Harned. The result of this union 
was one son, P. H. McClellan. who has now 
arrived at man's estate, and was lately himself 
united in marriage with Miss Hattie Burt, of 
Quincy. The young couple now reside at Mt. 
Sterlin.g, 111., where the husband was engaged 
In the mercantile Irade. 

While a citizen of West Virginia. Mr. Mc- 
Clellan concluded he would subscribe for and 
read the "New Yorl; Tribune, that ne might 
know what was transpiring in the outer world. 
This was in ante-war times. Uncle Sam's offi- 
cials permitted him to receive one copy of the 
paper, after which they confiscated each num- 
ber as it appeared .and fed it to the flames. In 
the fall of 1857 Mr. McClellan came to Illinois, 
and during the winter of 1857-58 was in the 
employ of William L. Imes & Co., of Macomb, 
in the manufacture of agricultural implements. 
In the spring of ISoS he went to Missn\iri. re- 
maining there one year, when he returned to 
McDonough County, settling in the village of 
Industry, where he labored at his trade until the 
summer of 18G2, when he enlisted as a private 
in Company I, Seveuty-ei.ghth Regiment Illi- 
nois Volunteer Infantry, and with the regiment 
was mustered into ;he United States service at 
Camp Wood, near Quincy, on the first day of 
September of that year. With this regiment he 
continued for some fifteen months, participating 



in every engagement. He was In the battle of 
Chickamauga, Mission Ridge, and many minor 
skirmishes and battles — the Seventy-eighth al- 
ways being in the front. In December, 1863, he 
was discharged for promotion, receiving the 
commission as First Lieutenau' of Company H, 
Seventeenth Regiment of the United States 
Colored Troops. Shortly after the battle of 
Nashville — the most important battle in which 
the re.giment was en.gaged — he was promoted to 
the rank of Captain, which position he retained 
during the war, and as such was honorably dis- 
charged in August, 1865, a few months after the 
close of the war. 

On his return home Captain McClellan em- 
barked in the dru.g business in Industry, con- 
tinuing in that connection about five years, in 
which time he built up an excellent trade, while 
laying by a little money for a "rainy day." 
After closing out his drug trade, he removed 
to his farm, in Industry Township, where he 
remained one year, from which place he re- 
moved to Macomb In the fall of 1871. Shortly 
after coming to Macomb he engaged as sales- 
man in the dry-goods house of Luther John- 
son, where he remained one year, when he pur- 
chased of Messrs. Knapp & Hamilton the book- 
store on the northeast corner of the 'square, in 
which line of trade he continued for about 
two years, when having favorable opportunity 
to dispose of the stock, he sold the same and 
immediately purchased the well-known clothing 
store of S. P. Dewey. 

In 1852 Captain McClellan made a profession 
of religion, uniting with the Methodist Epis- 
copal Church, with which body he yet remains 
connected. On the organization of the Repub- 
lican party in 1S56. he gave adhesion to its 
principles as enunciated in its national plat- 
form, but living in a slave State, he dared not 
express his sentiments as publicly as he de- 
sired, though his sentiments were well known. 
In the first Presidential campaign of that party, 
thougli he was not jjermitted to vote for the 
candidate of his choice, he did the next best 
thing, and voted for Millard Fillmore for Presi- 
dent. As soon as he arrived in the free State 
of Illinois the seal was removed from his lips, 
and he could enjoy the right of free speech and 
vote for his sentiments without fear of moles- 
tation. 

Captain McClellan is above medium height, 
well and strongly built, has a good head, wears a 



HISTORY OF Mcdonough county. 



949 



full beard, and as a citizen enjoys the respect 
and confidenoe of liis fellowmen. As a business 
man he has been eminently suc-cessful in every 
enterprise in which he has engaged. He is 
quite cautious in his business ventures, and 
calculates with certciinty the result of every 
step. In the family he is kind and indulgent, 
and as a friend and neiRhhor ne is universjilly 
esteemed. 

McCLELLAN, William G., iiniuiiuciil as a pen- 
sion attorney and Justice of the Peace of Ma- 
comb, 111., was born in Washington County, Pa., 
December 29, 1S37. a son of .lames McClellan. 
who was a native of York County, Pa., and Abi- 
gail ( Cornwall ) McClellan, born in Washington 
County, that State. His paternal grandparents, 
Robert and Nancy (O'Connor) McClellan, were 
born, the former in Rdinburgh. Scotland, and 
the latter in North of Ireland. His grandfather 
and grandmother on the maternal side were 
Price and Annie (Price) Cornwell, the former 
of whom was a native of Boston, Mass., and 
the latter of Pennsylvania. Mr. McClellan at- 
tended the common schools of his neighbor- 
hood, and at the age of seventeen years worked 
on a farm in .McDonou.s^h County. III., for a year, 
after which he was employed as a carpenter 
for a year and a half. Subsequently he taught 
school until 1862, when he enlisted in Company 
I, Seventy-eighth Regiment Illinois Volunteer 
Infantry, which was sent to Quincy, 111., and 
Louisville, Ky. His regiment was attached to 
the Second Brigade. Second Division, Four- 
teenth .Army Corps. On December 1. lSfi4. he 
was promoted and transferred to Company E, 
U. S. C. T., under the command of Colonel 
Shaffer. He was mustered out May 2.S, 1S66, 
at Nashville, Tenn. On returning to Macomb 
Mr. McClellan engaged in the grocery busi- 
ness, shipped hay and built railroads. He has 
been a member of the Business Men's Club of 
the city since its organization, and a pension 
attorney since l.*^S(i. 

Mr. McClellan was married March ti. IMIO, to 
Elizabeth E. Nunn. who was born and schooled 
in Cumberland County, Ky. The children re- 
sulting from this union are: Charles L., Frank 
C!., Dorothy B. (Mrs. C. D. Laughlin), and Don- 
ald S. Politically, the subject of this sketch is 
a Republican, and has exercised a strong in- 
fluence in the local councils of his party. From 
1879 until 190G he ser\'ed <m the Republican 



Central Committee; for two years was .Alder- 
man from the Fourth Ward of Macomb, and 
has also been a member of the Library Hoard 
and the School Hoard. In 1896 he was elected 
.lustice of the Peace and still holds that office. 
Fraternally, Mr. McClellan is a member of the 
G. A. R. and .M. W. A. His religious connec- 
tion is with the Methodist Episcopal Church. 

McCLURE, Lee, a well-known brick manufac- 
turer of Tennessee Township. McDonoiigh 
County, 111., who is also engaged in farming,- 
was born in the townshii) named on January 4, 
1866. He is a son of Rutherford and Sarah 
(White) McClure, natives of Ohio. Rutherford 
McClure came to McDonough County in 1833. 
He was a farmer by occupation, and had ac- 
quired considerable land at the time of his 
death, owning 1.200 acres. I>ee McClure is one 
of a family of ten children born to his par- 
ents, seven of whom are still living. In youth 
he received his education in the public schools 
of his neighborhood, while assisting his father 
on the farm, and after he reached years of 
maturity devoted his attention to farming and 
stock-raising, which was his main occupation 
until 1900. He then constructed a plant for 
the manufacture of brick and started in the 
business. He makes all kinds of building and 
paving brick and all sizes of tile, and employs 
five men. 

On November 18, 1897, .\Ir. .McClure was 
united in marriage with Tillie Gordon, a native 
of .\IcDonough County. To this union have 
been born three children: Florence, Lela and 
John. The subject of this sketch is a very 
energetic man. and applies himself diligently 
to his work, both in the brick yard and on the 
farm, and his success is largely due to this 
feature of his character. 

McCOTCHEON, Robert, who has been success- 
fully engaged in farming in McDcmough County, 
111., for more than forty years, is a resident of 
Chalmers Township, that county. He was born 
August 11, 1826, in Port Patrick, Scotland, a 
son of Patrick and .Margaret (Crawford) Mc- 
Cutcheon. the father being a native of County 
Down. Ireland. Robert .McCutcheon and Elias 
Crawford were the grandfathers on the pater- 
nal and maternal side. resi)ectively. Robert 
.McCutcheon is the second in a family of four 
children born to his i)arents. He came to the 



950 



HISTORY OF Mcdonough county. 



United States at the age of twenty-one years 
and worked in Pittsburg as coacliman and in 
the lumber business for five years. In 1856 he 
came to McDonough County and worlved at 
farming in Chalmers Township. In 1S62 he 
bought the farm of forty acres where he now 
lives, and has added to the original purchase 
from time to time until his present holding is 
160 acres. When Mr. McCutcheon purchased 
it, this land was covered with timber, but he 
has developed it into one of the {ine.?t farms 
in the township. 

Mr. McCutcheon has been thrice married, 
the first occurring in Ireland, in 1S46, to Eliza- 
beth McMillan, who bore him two children — 
William and Elizabeth (Mrs. Charles Magers). 
The mother died July 2S. 1S.5S. His second 
wife was Elizabeth Knox, a native of Pennsyl- 
vania, and this union resulted in eight children, 
four of whom are deceased. Those surviving 
are Christiana (Mrs. William Kaiser): Marga- 
ret (Mrs. Charles Eddington); Robert, of Scot- 
land Township, McDonough County; and Mary 
(Mrs. .John Atkinson). The mother of this 
family died in 1.S72. In November, 1.S73, Mr. 
McCutcheon took for his third wife Margaret 
Kennedy, who was born in Ireland, where, in 
girlhood, she attended public school. Eight 
children are the offspring of this union, name- 
ly: Catherine (Mrs. F. Whalen), Alice. 
Charles, Lucy (Mrs. Pennington), Mabel, Grace, 
Agnes and Harry. Reli.gious!y, Mr. McCutcheon 
is a member of the Presbyterian Church. In 
politics he is on the Republican side and served 
the township as School Trustee and Director 
for a number of years. 

McDonald, Joslah, a well-known and i)ros- 
perous farmer of Scotland Township, McDon- 
ough County. III., was born in Wayne County. 
Ohio. October 9. 1,S26, and there in boyhood 
received his education in the public schools. 
He is a son of Augustus and Mary (Chipps) 
McDonald, natives of Pennsylvania. The sub- 
ject of this sketch was the eighth of thirteen 
children born to his parents, and remained with 
the latter on the farm in Ohio until 1851. In 
that year he came to McDonough County with 
his brother-in-law, Joseph Dearduff, and there 
purchased eighty acres of land in New Salem 
Township, on which he lived seven years. This 
he sold and purchased 160 acres in Scotland 
Township, to which he moved. To this he 



added 160 acres adjoining, and he also owns 
160 acres in another part of the township, 120 
acres in New Salem Township, and eleven acres 
of timber land in Fulton County. On April 15, 
1852, Mr. McDonald was united in marriage 
with Elizabeth Harris, who was born in Ful- 
ton County, 111., where in girlhood she received 
a public school education. Five children were 
the offspring of this union, namely: Warren, 
of New Salem Township; Mary (Mrs. Frank 
Haynes). of Macomb Township; Harvey, of 
Scotland Township: Edward, of Peoria, 111., 
and Elmer J., who lived under the parental 
roof and who died October 27, 1905. In poli- 
tics. Mr. McDonald is a Democrat. He has 
served the township as School Director, but 
has always been averse to accepting office. 
Religiously, he is a Universalist. During his 
active life Mr. McDonald was one of the most 
enterprising, energetic and successful farmers 
of McDonough County, and he is rightly en- 
titled to the fruits of the long extended labors 
which have yielded him a handsome com- 
petency. 

McELVAIN, Oscar M., one of the most widely 
known farmers and stock-raisers in his portion 
of McDonoughh County, 111., was born in that 
county November 7. 1852, a son of Henry H. 
and Latitia (Cox) McElvain, the former of 
whom was born In Marion County. Ohio, and 
the latter in the State of Kentucky. The pater- 
nal grandfather. Oeorge McElvain, was a na- 
tive of Pennsylvania, and the maiden name of 
his wife was Rawles. The maternal grand- 
parents. Benjamin and Elizabeth (Kroom) Cox. 
were natives of Pennsylvania. Henry H. Mc- 
Elvain went from Ohio to Michigan and came 
from Michigan to Illinois in 1848, settling in 
McDonough County. His wife died February 5, 
1895, and was buried in Bushnell. After his 
wife's death he lived with his son. Oscar M., 
until the fall of 1895, when he went to Bush- 
nell to live with his sister. 

Oscar M. McElvain is the eldest of three 
children born to his parents, and came to his 
present place when he was three years of 
age. He attended the public school in his 
boyhood and also pursued a course of study 
in Abin,gdon College, remaining under the pa- 
rental roof until the removal of his father to 
Bushnell. He owns the homestead farm of 
eighty acres, and also has land in Walnut 



HISTORY OF iMcDONOUGH COUNTY. 



95' 



Grove Township. In 1885, together with his 
father, he benan breeding Polled Angus cat- 
tle, lieins the first to raise this breed in the 
township. Mr. McElvain has an experimental 
fruit station on his farm for the Central Illi- 
nois district, comprising three acres. 

On December 20. 1882, the subject of this 
sketch was united in marriage with Mianna 
Stickle, who was born in McDonough County, 
and received her education in the public and 
normal schools of In(liana|)olis. Four children 
have blessed this union, namel.v: Bessie M.. 
Ethlyn M., Clarice S. and Oscar M., Jr. The re- 
ligious connection of Mr. McElvain is with the 
Methodist Episcopal Church. Politically, he 
upholds the principles of the Prohibition party. 
Fraternally, he is identified with the I. O. O. F. 
Mr. McElvain is ranked as one of the best 
informed and most progressive farmers in this 
portion of McDonough County. 

McFADDEN, Thomas Martin, a wellkn'jwn cit- 
izen of Macomb, 111., was born in McDonough 
County, January 16, 18.53, a son of Samuel D. 
and Rosanna (Miles) McFadden. the former a 
native of Pennsylvania and the latter of Ohio. 
The paternal grandparents were Thomas and 
Mary (Dunhji)) McFadden, natives of Pennsyl- 
vania. Martin and Elizabeth (Smith) Miles, 
the maternal grandparents, were natives, re- 
spectively, of North Carolina and Virginia. 
Samuel D. McFadden came to McDonough 
County in 1S4S and engaged in farming in El- 
dorado Township. Thomas M. McFadden is the 
third of four children born to his parents, two 
of whom were boys. He lived on the paternal 
farm until he was twenty-seven years old, at- 
tending public school at intervals, and then 
be.gan farming for himself in Eldorado Town- 
ship and continued thus for eight years. At 
the end of this period he moved to Macomb 
and engaged in the butchering business, in 
which he also continued eight years. His first 
purchase of land was eighty acres in Macomb 
Township, which he sold, then buying KJO acres- 
in Hire Township, which he also sold and pur- 
chased 203 acres in Chalmers Township, which 
he now owns. 

On December 18, 1879, Mr. .McFadden was 
married to Nancy A. Kee, who was born at In- 
dustry, 111., where, in girlhood, she received a 
public school education. The offspring of this 
union was a daughter, Maude Verne, who was 



united in marriage April 17. 1901. to William 
Ernest Dudman. of Macomb, to which union 
two children were born — Evelyn .May, who 
lived but two days, and Robert McFadden, who 
bids fair to be the joy of his grandparents, 
being the only grandchild. Politically, Mr. Mc- 
Fadden is a Republican. He served three and 
a half years as City Marshal of Macomb, and 
held the office of Constable until the spring of 
190^. He was apjjointed rural free delivery 
carrier November 1, 1901. In this service he 
made himself quite i)opular along his route." 
In 1904 he tendered his resignation to the 
Postal Dejjartment, which was accepted, al- 
though with genuine regret ny the patrons of 
his route, and he has since given his entire 
attention to his increasing farming interests. 
Socially. Mr. McFadden is identified with the 
Knights of Pythias and .Masonic fraternities, 
being a Knight Templar Mason. Mr. and Mrs. 
McFadden are active members of the First 
Methodist Episcopal Church of Macomb. 

McGREW, Franklin P.— The growth of agri- 
culture in Eldorado Township has been mate- 
rially i)romoted by the worth-while efforts of 
Franklin P. McGrew. the owner and cx;cupant 
of a farm comi)rising a quarter of Section 16. 
Mr. McGrew started upon his independent life 
empty-handed, dependent solely upon a meager 
education, a .good constitution and a stout, will- 
ing heart. His parents, George W. and Rachel 
(Church) McGrew, natives of Steubenville, 
Ohio, came in 1849 with three of their children 
to Vermont, Fulton County, 111., where the fa- 
ther oi)erated a grist-mill until 1872. His in- 
come did not offer many advantages for his 
children, and he was only moderately success- 
ful after removing to Kansas in the fall of 1872, 
where his death occurred early in the winter 
of 1S97. In politics, he was a Democrat, and 
in religious faith, a Quaker. He had in all five 
sons and three daughters. 

Born in Fulton, 111., June 5, 18.52, Franklin P. 
McGrew was early taught to make himself use- 
ful about his father's grist-mill, but he seemed 
destined to be a tiller of the soil, and while 
the average boy still is attending school, he was 
employed as a laborer on a farm in Fulton 
County. For eleven years he saved all that was 
|)osslble of the income thus derived, and then 
rented a farm in Fulton County for four years. 
For eleven years he lived on a rented farm in 



952 



HisT(.)RY OF Mcdonough county. 



Eldorado Township, McDonough County, and 
with the proceeds of his toil purchased his pres- 
ent farm, one of the best in the township. The 
buildings of former tenants have either been 
removed or remodeled, and a thorough system 
of drainage installed. His implements are mod- 
ern and practical, and his place is orderly and 
neat in appearance. Mr. McGrew devotes his 
land to general produce and stock-raising, and 
takes great i)ride in his gardens, orchard and 
beautiful trees. 

For many years Mr. McGrew has been be- 
fore the public as a Democratic politician, serv- 
ing as Town Clerk one term, School Trustee 
three years, and Road Commissioner three 
years. His official duties have been performed 
conscientiously, and with regard for the best 
welfare of the community. On January 23, 
1S79. he married Orinda Babcock. a native of 
Fulton County and daughter of an early set- 
tler of Illinois. .Mr. and .Mrs. .McGrew are the 
parents of four children: Lawrence A., Karl 
I., Cora A. (wife of G. R. Adams, of Schuyler 
County), and Verna E. Mrs. McGrew was the 
sixth in order of birth in a family of eight 
children. Her parents, Henry and .lulia 
(Holmes) Flabcock, were natives, respectively, 
of the States of Kentucky and New York. They 
were married in Hardin County, Ohio, three 
miles from Dunkirk, and coming west settled 
in Mason County, 111., later removing to Fulton 
County, where the father died when Mrs. Mc- 
Grew was seven years of age. He was a Demo- 
crat in politics. His widow, Mrs. Babcock, re- 
sides with the family of her daughter in Eldo- 
rado Township. McDonough County. 

McKAMY, James R., formerly a successful 
farmer of Industry Township, McDonough 
County, 111., and now living in comfortable re- 
tirement in Macomb, that county, was born 
in McDonough County. October 24, 1S49, and 
received his mental training in the public 
schools of his neighborhood. His father, Wil- 
liam C. McKamy, was born in Roane County. 
Tenn., and his mother, Octavia (Robertson) 
McKamy, was born in Adair County, Ky. .lohn 
McKamy and Louis Robertson, his paternal 
and maternal grandfathers, were Virginians. 

William C. McKamy was a farmer by occu- 
pation. In 1S34 he came to Industry Township, 
where he bought a farm on which he spent 
the rest of his life. He died July 22. 1897. 
Of the eight cnildren born to his parents, James 



R. McKamy was the fourth in order of birth. 
He remained with his father until the latter's 
death and was afterward engaged for a consid- 
erable period in farming on 160 acres of the 
estate, which he had purchased. Finally, he 
gave up farming, moved to Macomb, and bought 
a residence on South McArthur Street, where 
he lives in retirement from active effort. 

Mr. McKamy was united in marriage Novem- 
ber 2, 1S8T, with Flora M. Bay miller, who was 
born in Industry, McDonough County, and there 
received a public school education. Politically, 
the subject of this sketch supports the |)rin- 
ciples of the Republican party. For a number 
of years he served as School Director of In- 
dustry Township. He has always been a useful 
member of the community, and is well entitled 
to the leisure earned by the industry and en- 
ergy of his earlier days. 

McKEE, A. P. (deceased), formerly a well- 
known farmer of Macomb Township, McDon- 
ough County, 111., was born in Miami County, 
Ohio, July Iri. 1S21. a son of William R. Mc- 
Kee, a native of Pennsylvania. Mr. McKee 
moved from Ohio to Indiana, and a year later 
to McDonough County, where he bought a 
farm. This he sold, and about the year IS.Sl 
purchased 160 acres of land in Macomb Town- 
shiii. where he lived until his death, September 
N, 1890. He was buried in Oakwood Cemetery, 
at Macomb. Mr. McKee was one of the Di- 
rectors of the McDonough County Fair. The 
subject of this sketch was first married to Han- 
nah Hayhurst, who was born in Indiana. They 
became the parents of five children, namely: 
Daniel W., William H., Charles A., Frank P. 
and Hannah I. (Mrs. J. Bagby). In 1.S61, Mr. 
McKee was married to Eliza Cromer, who was 
l)orn and schooled in Gibson County. Ind. The 
children resulting from this union were: .lohn 
C, Ida M. (Mrs. Fox), deceased; Aaron P., 
Catherine (Mrs. Stough), Fred D., Lucy Jo- 
se])hine, deceased; Ora Everett and Ruby M. 
(Mrs. Dungan). Mrs. McKee lives on the home 
farm with her grandson. Claude J. Fox. Polit- 
ically, Mr. McKee was a Democrat. He held 
several of the township offices with much credit 
to himself. Fraternally, he was affiliated with 
the I. O. O. F. 

McLEAN, Hon. Alexander.— ( By W. H. Hain- 
line). — Alexander McLean, eldest son of Hector 
and Catherine (McMillan) McLean, was born in 



HISTORY OF Mcdonough county. 



953 



the city of Glasgow, Scotland, on the 24th day 
of September, 1S33. As soon as he arrived at a 
suitable age he was sent to a private school in 
his native city, where he remained until he 
was thirteen years of age. On the 5th day of 
June, 1S49, with his parents, he bade farewell 
to his native land, and in one of the slow- 
sailing vessels of that day, took passage for the 
United States, with the intention of making 
that free country his home in the future. After 
a tedious voyage of forty-two days, the family 
arrived in New York on the 17th day of July 
following. Here they embarked in a steamer 
on the Hudson River, their final destination be- 
ing McDonough County, 111. Leaving the steam- 
er at Albany, they proceeded by canal to 
Rutfalo, where, in one of the celebrated lake 
steamers, they passed on to Chicago, thence 
by canal to La Salle, from which place they 
continued their journey by the Illinois River 
to Sharpe's Landing, where a conveyance was 
secured which carried them to McDonough 
County, where they arrived in the vicinity of 
Camp Creek, about eight miles south of Ma- 
comb, on the 14th day of August, making a 
comparatively speedy journey for that day. 

At this time the subject of our present sketch 
was about fifteen years of age. With his par- 
ents he remained in the neighborhood of Camp 
Creek, where they had relatives residing, until 
the following spring, when the family removed 
to the town of Macomb. Here he worked with 
his father for several years at the trade of 
stone-mason. Notwithstanding he belonged to 
the class of "greasy mechanics," and procured 
his living by the "sweat of his face," he was 
admitted to the society of the best families of 
the place and soon became a favorite with 
them all. Having an excellent memory, with 
a pretty thorough acquaintance with the litera- 
ture of the day. and possessed of good con- 
versational powers, he made many friends and 
secured the attention of those who were en- 
abled to advance his Interests in many ways, 
as is evidenced by the fact that, before he at- 
tained his majority, he was selected by Hon. 
William H. Randolph, the Circuit Clerk of .Mc- 
Donough County, as deputy, which position he 
accepted and during the remainder of the terra 
served in that capacity, and was subsequently 
deputy under J. B. Cummings several years. 
giving the utmost satisfaction, not only to Mr. 
Randolph but to the members of the bar and 
22 



citizens generally. In the discharge of his 
duties as Deputy Circuit Clerk, on account of 
his efficiency and strict attention to the office, 
Mr. Randolph became attached to him and 
there sprang up a friendship between them 
that was lifelong in its duration, and on the 
advice and consent of no one did Mr. Randolph 
more firmly rely than on young .\lexander Mc- 
Lean. 

When .Mr. Randolph's term of office expired, 
on his suggestion Mr. McLean, with others, 
opened an office for the purchase and sale of 
real estate, under the firm name of McLean, 
Randolph & Co. This firm, for several years, 
did quite an extensive business in that line, 
but in 1S,^S. Mr. McLean withdrew from it. 

On the 31st day of December, IS.^jG. Mr. .Mc- 
Lean was united in marriage to Miss Martha J. 
Randolph, daughter of Benjamin F. Randolph, 
one of the pioneers of the county. As a result 
of this union ten children were born unto them, 
nine sons and one daughter, seven of whom 
are now living, three having gone to the "bet- 
ter land." 

In February. 1H64, Mr. .Mcl.,ean left Macomb, 
for New York City, having received the appoint- 
ment as clerk of a large real-estate dealer 
there, who was engaged in the purchase and 
sale of western land, and for the seven years 
following was a resident of that city and 
Brooklyn. The firm with which he was con- 
nected enjoyed a very extensive and lucrative 
trade, and the knowledge acquired by personal 
dealing enabled Mr. McLean to be of great as- 
sistance in the selection of lands. 

While a citizen of Brooklyn. N. Y.. in the 
month of December, 1867, Mr. McLean and his 
wife united with the Clinton .\venue Baptist 
Church, and shortly thereafter, was elected 
Superintendent of its Sunday School, for two 
years officiating in that capacity. After re- 
turning to Macomb, in 1S71, he was chosen to 
fill the same position in the Baptist Sunday 
School of that city, retaining that position for 
many years. In this particular field of labor he 
has been an earnest worker, devoting to it 
much time and thought. In the County Sunday 
School .\ssociation. he has been one among his 
most zealous workers, doing much to promote 
its interests. For some years he has been 
chosen by that body as editor of the Sunday 
School Column of the "Macomb .Journal," which 
Iiosition he has satisfactorily filled. 



954 



HISTORY OF Mcdonough county. 



Mr. McLean, on several occasions, has been 
chosen by the people to fill some public office, 
each time discharging its duties in a satis- 
factory manner. The first public office which 
he was called upon to fill, as has already been 
remarked, was that of Deputy Circuit Clerk 
under William H. Randolph. The next was 
that of Clerk of the Board of Trustees of the 
town of Macomb. The first office to which he 
was elected was that of Alderman, in 1S63, when 
he carried his ward against one of the strong- 
est men in the opposite and ruling party — the 
Democratic. On this occasion many Democrats 
voted for him on personal grounds, notwith- 
standing he was re.garded as a very radical 
Republican. That he was qualified for the 
position, and would discharge its duties faith- 
fully, was doubted by no one. In 1873 he was 
nominated by the Republicans of the city of 
Macomb for the office of Mayor, to which posi- 
tion he was duly elected by a good majority. 
In 1874, 1S75 and 1876, he was re-elected each 
year by an increasing majority over the one 
preceding it. As an officer he brings to the 
discharge of his duties a will and determination 
to do all things well. In the four years that 
he held the office of Mayor, more public im- 
provements were made than during the same 
period in the existence of the city: more side- 
walks were built and kept in repair: more miles 
of road faithfully worked; a handsome and cost- 
ly school house erected and paid for; gas In- 
troduced, and many other things accomplished, 
while, at the same time, taxes were never ma- 
terially increased. This, in a measure, is the 
result of personal attention given to the office, 
more time having been devoted by him, to the 
discharge of its duties than by any one by 
whom it had previously been filled. 

As a politician, Mr. McLean is an earnest and 
consistent Republican, believing thoroughly in 
tne principles advocated by that party, never 
yielding what he considers to be right at any 
time for present success. During the Presi- 
dential c.ampaign of 1876 he was the candidate 
for Presidential Elector for what was then the 
Tenth District, of which McDonough County 
forms a part. As a worker in a campaign he 
is indefatigable, and, if success is possible, he 
will help largely to secure it. The State hav- 
ing been carried by the Republicans, he was, 
of course, chosen an Elector, and in the meet- 
ing of the Electoral College at Springfield, was 



chosen by his colleagues as messenger to 
carry the returns to the City of Washington and 
place them in the hands of the Vice-President 
of the United States, in whose custody they 
are kept until they are opened according to 
law. 

Mr. McLean has made two trips to Europe 
since his settlement in this country, traveling 
over a large portion of the continent and visit- 
ing the scenes of his childhood, after each visit 
returning more reconciled than ever to the 
home of his adoption. Every part of this grand 
Union he loves, and its free institutions he 
cherishes. 

The cause of education finds in Mr. McLean 
a most earnest supporter, and whether it be 
for the common school or for the higher and 
collegiate institutions of the land, he is at all 
times willing to sacrifice time and money for 
the good of either. Recognizing this fact. Gov- 
ernors Oglesby and Cullom, during their re- 
spective administrations, appointed him one of 
the Trustees of the Illinois Industrial Univer- 
sity — now the University of Illinois — a position 
to which he has since been repeatedly re- 
elected, and which he was eminently qualified 
to fill. We risk nothing in asserting that no 
member of the Board attends more faithfully 
to the duties of the office, in which his incum- 
bency has already covered a period of thirty 
years. 

In religious, as in educational matters, he 
takes great interest, and in every part of the 
work in which a lay member is called upon to 
act. he is ready to perform his part. He was 
Moderator of the Salem Baptist Association, of 
which the Baptist Church of Macomb forms a 
part, for twenty-five years. He also takes an 
active part in benevolent and fraternal orders: 
has been an Odd Fellow for over fifty years, 
also during the same time has been a member 
of the Masonic fraternity. Royal Arch Mason, 
Knight Templar and member of the Consistory, 
of which he was Grand Commander for three 
years. Some sixteen years ago he became a 
member of the Supreme Council, a Thirty-third 
degree member of the Order, and a member of 
the Eastern Star. Other positions held by him in 
connection witn fraternal associations include 
those of officer of the Council of Cryptic Ma- 
sonry; Grand Master Workman of the A. O. 
U. W., and Grand Commander of Selected 
Knights, A. O. U. W. of America, of which, for 




^ 4^.- /L,,.< ^4r/C 



HISTORY OF Mcdonough county. 



955 



many years, he was also Grand Recorder; 
Grand President and Grand Secretary of the 
I. O. M. A.: and member of the Knishts of 
Pythias, in which he held the position of Chan- 
cellor Commander. Mr. McLean has taken an 
active part in all public improvements and 
devoted much time to educational matters: was 
Chairman of the Hoard of Education two years, 
and as already stated has been a Trustee of the 
t'niversity of Illinois for thirty years, a position 
to which he was re-elected in 1906 for a tprin 
of six years. If spared to the end of his term. 
this will give him thirty-six years of continuous 
service in this imiwrtant office, which .s^oes 
far to show the appreciation of his constituents. 
He was also one of the first Trustees of the 
Public library, which is now the Carnegie Pub- 
lic Library of Macomb, 111. 

Mr, McLean is about five feet nine inches in 
height, of .!i;ood proportions, well developed 
muscles, light hair, blue eyes, a good head ami 
a benevolent looking race. As a citizen, he 
enjoys the respect and confidence of all who 
know him. No enterprise for the public good 
fails to receive his earnest and undivided suj)- 
port. Time and money with him are no object, 
provided good can be accomplished. .\s a 
friend and nei.ghbor, he is kind and generous. 
never turning a deaf ear to the unfortunate: 
as a husband and father, he is affectionate and 
indulgent. 

McMillan, Hugh, who has spent nearly sixty 
years of jictive life in McDonough County, 111., 
during a large portion of which he was suc- 
cessfully engaged in farming in Scotland Town- 
ship, is now living m leisurelv retirement in 
Macomb, that county. He was born in Camp- 
belltown, Argyleshire, Scotland, March 1.5, 1831, 
a son of John and Margaret (Watson) McMil- 
lan, natives of the country named. Duncan 
McMillan, his paternal grandfather, and Hu.gh 
Walsoii, the maternal grandfaUipr, were also of 
Scotch nativity. In 1S4:'. ,lohn McMillan 
brought his family, consisting of his wife and 
five boys and three girls, to the United States. 
The family crossed the ocean in a sailing-vessel 
and consumed nine weeks in reachin.g Cincin- 
nati. Ohio, in the vicinity of which the father 
applied himself to farming. There he remained 
five years and then, late in 1S47. moved to 
McDonough County, 111. Here he bought a farm 
in Scotland Township, where he and his wife 



spent the remainder of their lives. He and 
his five sons paid $100 each in an effort to get 
the Chicago, Rock Island & Pacific Railroad 
through Macomb, but the project failed. Of 
their children Hugh McMillan was the sixth 
in order of birth. He grew up on the home 
farm, attending in his boyhood the public 
school, assisting his father in his farm work. 
The latter divided the farm amon.g his chil- 
dren before he died, the share of Hugh Mc- 
Millan being sixty-five acres, on which he made 
his home after his marriage. To this he added 
as opportunity afforded, until he is now the 
owner of 228 acres of very choice land. Here 
he was en.gaged in general farming and stock- 
raising until the fall of 1892, when he built 
the fine residence. No, S21 East Carroll Street, 
Macomb, where he is passing his days with his 
wife in retirement from toil, enjoying the re- 
spect and esteem of numerous friends. 

On May 27, 1858, Mr, McMillan was married 
to .lane Kelley, who was born and schooled 
in Argyleshire, Scotland, From this union has 
resulted a family of six children, namely: 
Catheiine (Mrs. D, A Watson), Margaret (Mrs. 
Frank Dallam, of Iowa), Robert D., ,Iohn S., 
Hugh William, and Peter A. Religiously, the 
subject of (his sketch unites in v/orship with 
the Presbyterian Church. His political views 
are in harmony with the policies of the Repub- 
lican party. He has lived an industrious and 
useful life, and has done his share toward build- 
ing up the material prosperity of the town- 
ship with which he was so long identifieii. 

McMILLEN, Hugh (deceased), formerly an ex- 
pert machinist and a worthy and much-re- 
spected resident of Macomb, McDonough Coun- 
ty, 111., was born in Pittsbur.g. Pa., in 1840, his 
family being of Scotch descent. He was a son 
of Samuel and Sarah (.McRoberts) McMillen, 
natives of County Down, Ireland. .Mr. .McMillen 
obtained his early mental training in the com- 
mon schools in the neighborhood of his boy- 
hood home, and at an early age learned the 
machinist's trade, which he followed throughout 
his life. In 1882 he came to Illinois and located 
in Macomb, where he was employed in Fisher's 
foundry until the time of his death in 1890. 

In 1870. the subject of this sketch was united 
in marriage with Bessie McCleary, who was 
born in Pittsburg, Pa., and there received her 
mental training in the common schools. Two 



956 



HISTORY OF Mcdonough county. 



children resulted from this union, namely: 
Sadie, who is teaching school in Macomh; and 
Harry, who resides in Portland, Oregon. The 
latter pursued a course in ceramics in the 
Ohio State University, at Columbus, Ohio, and 
is now engaged in that line of work. Political- 
ly, Mr. McMillen was a supporter of the Repub- 
lican party. Religiously, he was a member of 
the United Presbyterian Church. He was an 
industrious and upright man, who led a blame- 
less life, and conscientiously discharged his 
duties as a husband, father and citizen. He 
died March IS, 1890, and was buried at Pitts- 
burg. Pa. 

McMILLEN, William, formerly a successful 
farmer in Chalmers Township. McDoncugh 
County, 111., but now living in retirement in 
Macomb, McDonougli County, was born in 
County Down, Ireland, February 18, 182S. His 
father, William McMillen, was of Scotch birth. 
and his mother, Elizabeth (Patterson) Mc- 
Millen. was a native of Ireland. When very 
young, the subject of this sketch came with his 
parents to Pittsburg, Pa., where he worked as 
a teamster, his father being employed in a 
flax mill. Whenever he had an opportunity, 
the son attended public school. In 18.51 he came 
to Illinois, and worked at farming in McDon- 
ough County for two years. He then bought a 
farm of eighty acres in Chalmers Township, 
which he improved nnd afterward traded for 
another of eighty acres in the same township. 
On November 14, 1890, he retired from farm- 
ing and bought the residence in Macomb which 
he has since occupied, No. 537 South Lafayette 
Street. He is a man of intelligence and stabil- 
ity and is much respected by those who know 
him. 

On October IC, 18.51, Mr. McMillen was mar- 
ried to Elizabeth Stoops, who wa=; born in Ire- 
land, and attended public school after she came 
to the United States. Four children blessed 
their union, namely: Mary Jane (Mrs. Hen- 
dricks), of McDonough County; Henry; Eliza- 
beth Ann, who died at the age of twenty-one 
years; and .lohn Albert. Politically, Mr. Mc- 
Millen is a Democrat. He has served as High- 
way Commissioner in Chalmers Township, and 
as Constable for fourteen years. In religioua 
belief, he adheres to the Presbyterian Church. 
Fraternally, he is affiliated with the A. F. & A. 
M., being a member of Colchester Lodge. 



McNAIR, Robert.— Scotland Township has 
within its borders a landmark which in no wise 
belies its name, but which, on the contrary, 
in its general appearance, and in the character 
and habits of its occupants, might be a bit of 
old Scotland taken from its historic settings 
and shifted across the water to the prairies 
of the central West. Reference is made to 
the old McNair farm, which has been in the 
possession of the family since 1861, and which 
now is owned and operated by three sons of 
the pioneer settler — Robert, Samuel and An- 
drew, all of whom are bachelors. 

Robert McNair, the oldest of nine children, 
was born in Argyleshire, Scotland, in April, 
1822, and is therefore eighty-five years old 
at the present time. His parents, Robert and 
Jeannette (Smith) McNair, both were born in 
Scotland, as were also his paternal and ma- 
ternal grandfathers. Archibald McNair and 
Robert Smith. Robert was seventeen years old 
when the family emigrated to America, locating 
on a farm in the wilds of Ohio, where they lived 
until 1851. They then rented land in Industry 
Township, McDonough County, 111., for three 
years, in the meantime improving and prepar- 
ing for occupancy their permanent home in 
Scotland Township. In extent, the farm in 
those days was the same as at present, 240 
acres, but great changes have been wrought 
upon its broad expanse, in all of which the 
three brothers have been moving factors. The 
father died in February, 1861, at the age of 
sixty-five, and the mother. July 16, 1881, at the 
age of eighty-seven years, and since then little 
has happened to mar the even existence of 
the men whose combined efforts have built up 
a fine and noble country property. 

Mr. McNair is a Republican in politics, and 
during the administration of Abraham Lincoln 
was a Justice of the Peace. One of his strong- 
est and most absorbing interests has been the 
Presbyterian Church, in which he has been an 
elder for many years, and towards the upbuild- 
ing of which he has liberally contributed both 
time and money. He has been one of the faith- 
ful, earnest workers of the world, and though 
naturally conser\'ative. has lent a willing ear 
to such undertakings as appealed to his judg 
ment and practical common sense. 

MEADOR, George C— It is doubtful if any town 
in Illinois has as large a percentage of retired 



I 




C. R. REXROAT 



HISTORY OF McDOXOL'GH COUNTY. 



957 



farmers as Macomb. This reliable class, who 
have learned their lessons in the hard school 
of practical experience, and many of whom 
have undergone the ordeal of pioneership with 
no lessening of the enthusiasm and courage 
which drove them from settled communities 
into the trackless wilderness, represent the 
bulwark of central western civilization. All 
have a competence, and as a rule their labor 
has brought thera peace of mind and the 
consciousness of well doing. No exception to 
this rule is found in George C. Meador, sixty- 
one years of whose life have been spent in Mc- 
Donough County. 

The first ten years of his life Mr. Meador 
spent in Nashville. Tenn.. where he was born 
August 0. 1S24. His father, Jesse Meador, was 
born in Franklin County, Va., a son of Watts 
Meador; and his mother, Nancy (Chuning) 
Meador. was born in the same State and coun- 
ty, a daughter of George Chuning. George C. 
who is a twin, and the second youngest of six 
children, moved with his parents to Schuyler 
County. III., in 1S37. settling on a farm of forty 
acres in the vicinity of Industry. In 1S4.5 he 
and his brother moved to McDonough County. • 
where each purchased a similar piece of land, 
making 120 acres in all. This property event- 
ually came into the possession of George C, 
who added to it until he owns 520 acres. He 
proved an intelligent and progressive landsman, 
keenly alive to the benefits of country life, and 
with sufficient managerial ability to wrest the 
best possible results from his property. He 
was successful both as a general farmer and 
stock-raiser, and when he retired from active 
life to Macomb in November, 1890, he left a 
farm to the care of others which, for pro- 
ductiveness and equipment, had few equals in 
its neighborhood. 

February l.i. 1S49, Mr. Meador renounced 
bachelorhood and married .Mary -Ann Pittman. 
who was born in Todd County, Ky., and whose 
family came early to McDonough County. .Mr. 
and Mrs. Meador are the parents of eight chil- 
dren: Eugene B.: Emma, now Mrs. Manlove: 
.lesse: Mrs. Palestine .\tkinson: .lennie, wife 
of George Munson: Mrs. Alice Messniore; Mrs. 
Onie Martin: and Mrs, Ina Lawyer. Mr. 
Meador concerned himself but little with af- 
fairs outside his immediate interests. He took 
a keen delight in the education and training 
of his children, and regarded the advantages 



he was able to give to them as one of the 
greatest compensations of his career. All were 
taught the value of education, of industry and 
high ideal, and all reflect credit upon the par- 
ents who directed their childish steps to the 
threshold of their independent lives. 

MERIWETHER, George, one of the best known 
and iiiosi resiierted farmers in Industry Town- 
ship, McDonough County, 111., was born Septem- 
ber 1, 18.33. in Floyd County, Ind.. where he 
obtained what schooling the conditions of his 
boyhood permitted. He is a r:on of James P. 
and Nancy (Ebersole) Meriwether, his father a 
native of Kentucky, and his mother, of Ohio. 
His grandfather, ,Iohn Meriwether, was born 
in Virginia in 177fi, and his grandmother. Emma 
(Bell) Meriwether, was a native of Kentucky. 
George Meriwether v.orked at farming and at 
the cooper's trade in Indiana until April, 1S56, 
when he came to Schuyler County, III., where 
he was employed as a cooper until August, 1862. 
He then enlisted in Conii)any H. One Hundred 
Nineteenth Illinois Volunteer Infantry, in which 
he served three years and ten days. His regi- 
ment was attached to the Army of the Gulf, 
which had several successive commanders. Mr. 
Meriwether was mustered out August 2<i, 1S6.^, 
and returned to McDonough County. He had 
previously purchased a farm of eighty acres in 
the southwestern portion of Industry Township, 
on which he located in 1809. 

Mr. .Meriwether was married, November 26, 
1857, to Mary E. Huff, who was born and 
educated in Schuyler County, III. The offspring 
of this union is as follows: Sarah C. (Mrs. 
William Craig): Emma B. (.Mrs Joseph Pol- 
lock): J. P.. of Macomb, 111.: W. .1.. a farmer in 
McDonough County: Mary Edna (Mrs. William 
McGaughey): E. L.. of Schuyler County: and 
Fannie, who remains under the parental roof. 
The religious belief of Mr. Meriwether is that 
of the Presbyterian Church, and politically, he 
gives his support to the Republican party. For 
eighteen years he served the township as School 
Director. Fraternally, he is a member of the 
G. A. R. The subject of this sketch has made 
a record that leaves him no cause for regret. 
As a farmer and mechanic, he has been careful 
and industrious: as a soldier, he was faithful 
and true; and as a citizen he has been public- 
spirited and useful. 



958 



HISTORY OF Mcdonough county. 



MERSHON, Dilworth C, a thriving and sub- 
stantial farmer who tills the soil in Eldorado 
Township, McDonough County, 111., was born in 
Vermont. Til.. .Jamiar.v 1«, ISGl. a son of James 
and Sarah (Perr.v) Mershon, natives of West- 
chester County, Pa. The paternal grandfather, 
Henr>- Mershon, and Jesse Perry, the grand- 
father on the mother's side, were also natives 
of that State. James Mershon bro'.ight his fam- 
ily fiom Pennsylvania to Illinois and settled in 
Fulton County about the year 1850. The father 
then followed mercantile pursuits, and in part- 
nership with two of his brothers engaged in 
business at Vermont, 111. In this line they con- 
tinued until 1S60, when James Mershon dis- 
posed of his interest in the concern and came to 
McDonough County, where he bought a farm of 
210 acres in Eldorado Township. Here he was 
engaged in general farming and stock-raisins; 
until his death, which took place in 1871. His 
widow survived him until 1887, when she also 
departed this life. 

Dilworth C. Mershon was the fifth of a fam- 
ily of ten children born to his parents. Besides 
these there were two children of his father by 
a former marriage, a boy and a girl. Mr. Mer- 
shon enjoyed the benefits of the public schools 
near his home, remaining with his mother until 
she passed from earth. He then purchased 160 
acres of the home place, on which he has since 
lived engaged in general farming. The affairs 
of his household are under the care of two of 
his younger sisters. That Mr. Mershon attends 
to the conduct of his farm in a thorough man- 
ner and looks closely after the smallest de- 
tails of its operations, is clearly evident from 
the results produced by his industry and care. 
While not active in political campaigns, or de- 
sirous of political preferment, Mr. Mershon may 
be depended upon to use his influence and 
register his vote in behalf of the Republican 
party. 

MERSHON, Stephen, a worthy resident of Mc- 
Donough County, 111., who is farming with good 
results in Eldorado Township, was born in the 
town of Vermont, 111., on April 16, 1857, a son 
of James and Sarah (Perry) Mershon, who 
were natives of the State of Pennsylvania. 
Henry Mershon and Jesse Perry, the grandfa- 
thers on each side, were also n.ntives of the 
Keystone State. James Mershon brought his 
family from Pennsylvania to Illinois w^here 



they were among the early settlers of Fulton 
County. There they remained until 18C5, when 
Ihey moved to McDonough County, and James 
Mershon purchased a farm in Eldorado Town- 
ship. This he cultivated until his death in 
1872. His widow survived him until 1897, when 
she too passed away. James Mershon was twice 
married, his first wife bearing two children, a 
boy and a girl. 

Stejihen Mershon is the fourth of nine chil- 
dren who were the offspring of his father's 
marriage to his second wife, Sarah Perry. He 
remained under the paternal root until the 
time of his marriage, helping in the work of 
the farm and utilizing the opportunities afford- 
ed b}' the district schools in his neighborhood. 
After his marriage he occupied farms, which 
he rented from various owners, until 1900. At 
that period he bought a farm of seventy-six 
acres in Section 'S, Eldorado Township, to which 
he moved and on which he has since been en- 
gaged in general farming. He is a careful and 
methodical husbandman and is meeting with 
deserved success. 

On March 3. 1886, Mr. Mershon was united 
in marripge with Sadie F. Harrington, who 
was born in Schuyler County, III., where, in 
youthful days, she was a pupil in the common 
school of her neighborhood. Religiously, the 
subject of this sketch joins in worship with 
the membership of the Cumberland Presby- 
terian church. In political campaigns, his vote 
is cast for the candidates of the Republican 
party. 

MICKEY, Hon. J. Ross, an able lawyer of Mc- 
Donough County, 111., and one of the most 
prominent public men in his section of the 
State, was born in Eldorado Township, Mc- 
Donough County, January 5, 1856, a son of 
Jacob and Mary A. (Sandidge) Mickey — the 
former a native of Fayette County, Pa., and the 
latter of Lincoln County, Ky. Both parents 
are now deceased. The grandparents on the 
father's side were born in Pennsylvania, while 
the maternal grandparents were natives of 
Kentucky. J. Ross Mickey was reared to man- 
hood on his father's farm, and in boyhood en- 
joyed the advantages of the public schools of 
his neighborhood. Subsequently, he pursued 
a course of study at Lincoln Itniversity, Logan 
County, III., and after completing his educa- 
tion, taught school in town and country. While 




MRS. G. R. REXROAT 



HISTORY OF Mcdonough county. 



959 



teaching he utilized his leisure hours in read- 
ing law, and finished his legal studies with 
Frenliis imd Bailey. He was admitted to the 
bar in 1SS9. and shortly afterward formed a 
partnership with H. H. Harris (which lasted 
a year and a half). later becoming a partner 
of the late Hyron Pontius, of Macomb, this re- 
lation being continued until 1S9S. In the latter 
year he was elected County Judge of McDon- 
ough County, for a term of four years, but in 
in November. 1900, became a candidate tor Rep- 
lesentative in Congress for the Fifteenth Con- 
gressional District, to which he was elected, 
receiving 24.491 votes against 24.175 for Benja- 
min F. Marsh, his Kepublican opponent, and 
M9 for Norton M. Uigg, Prohibitionist. Mc- 
Donough County is strongly Republican, and 
Mr. Mickey's personal popularity in the po- 
litical field is attested by the ciajcrify received 
under these circumstances. Among the many 
congratulations received upon his nomination 
to Congress in September, 1900. was one signed 
by 122 Democrats of Bushuell III. .Judge 
Mickej resigned his seat on the bench February 
22, 1901. On the expiration of his term in 
Congress he declined a renomination and re- 
sumed the practice of law in Macomb, in which 
he is still engaged. Nearly all of Judge Mick- 
ey's niamre life has been spent in Macomb, 
and devoted to the active practice of his pro- 
fession, e>cept dviring the intervals of his ju- 
dicial incumbency and his term in the House 
of Representatives at Washington. Having 
thus been a long time in the public arena, the 
people of McDonough County and this section 
of Illinois have had ample opiiortunity to form 
a correct impression of his ability and charac- 
ter, and it is but just to say that he is regarded 
as an exceptionally able lawyer, a sound and 
upright Judge, and a popular representative of 
high serviceablity. Aside from professional 
and official qualifications. Judge Mickey Is a 
man of broad information, and nas familiarized 
himself with the salient features of his country, 
in a social, nior.il and material sense, by ex- 
tensive travel throughout the States and Terri- 
tories of the Union. 

On March 24, 1892, Judge Mickey was mar- 
ried in Macomb, to Fanny C. Clugston, a daugh- 
ter of John B. and Alice D. (Reed) Clugston, 
natives of Pennsylvania, and one child, F'lor- 
ence M.. born May 16. 189.'!, is the offspring 
of this union. Mrs. Mickey ^ father is still 



living, at the age of eighty-one years, and her 
mother has reached the age of seventy-six years. 
The religious belief of Judge Mickey is in har- 
mony with the creed of the Universalist 
Church, while on political issues he is an un- 
swerving Democrat. His fraternal afhiiatioii 
is with the A. F. & A. M. (M;icoinb Lodge .No. 
17), K. of P. (Montrose Lodge No. 104), and 
B. P. O. E. (Lodge No. 100), of Qulncy, IlL 

MILES, William, a well-known livery stable - 
proprietor in Macomb, McDonough County, 111., 
was born in that county October IS, 1S48, and 
there received his early education In the com- 
mon school. He is a son of Charles and Mar- 
tha (.Moore) .Miles, the former a native of Ohio 
and the latter born in Louisville, Ky. His 
grandparents on the paternal side, Martin and 
Betsy (Smith) Miles, were natives of Ohio, 
and his maternal grandfather, William Moore, 
was born in Kentucky. .Mr. Miles was reared 
on a farm and stayed at home until he was 
twenty years of age, when he engaged in farm- 
ing on his own account. About twenty years 
later he bought eighty acres of land in El- 
dorado Township and subsequently purchased 
eighty acres more, on which he lived until 
April, 1900. He then moved to Macomb and 
a year afterward bought a half-interest in the 
livery stable of Jesse Odenweller. In Decem- 
ber, 1904. he became possessed of his part- 
ner's interest, and since that time has con- 
ducted the business alone. He Is well liked 
in the community and enjoys a good patronage. 

On October 27. 1876, Mr. Miles was married 
to Rebecca Smith, who was born and schooled 
in McDonough County. Their union resulted 
in four children, namely: Carrie F. (Mrs. Ed- 
ward Leftridge). Charles, and Martha and Mary 
(twins), who are deceased. The political opin- 
ions of Mr. Miles are in harmony with the 
teachings of the Republican party. 

MILLER, Marvin. — During his active life Mar- 
vin Miller supiiorted the claim that country life 
offers great inducements to the man of pur- 
jiose and energy, bringing him not only sub- 
stantial financial reward, but possibilities of 
comfort and happiness beyond the ken of dwell- 
ers in the thickly settled metropolis. For fifty- 
five years he has been a resident of McDon- 
ough County, and for half of that time has been 
a School Director in Bethel Township, where 



V 



960 



HISTORY OF Mcdonough county. 



was located the farm upon which he lived until 
retiring from active life to Macomb, in the fall 
of 1901. Mr. Miller, who is the second youngest 
in a family of eight children, was born in Sum- 
mit County, Ohio, September 15, 1834. His fa- 
ther, Charles Miller, was a native of Connecti- 
cut, who at an early age settled in Summit 
County, where he married Sally Bryan, a na- 
tive of Ohio, and a daughter of Robert Bryan, 
who came from Ireland. Marvin, who thus far 
had led an uneventful life on the home farm, 
with intei-vals of attendance at the public 
schools during the winter season, joined the 
independent wage-earners at the age of six- 
teen years, and in McDonough County, which 
he reached in the spring of 1S50, found em- 
ployment among the pioneer farmers. Twelve 
years later (1S62) he married Sarah Shoop- 
man, of Bethel Township, and with his wife 
went to Cass County, 111., where he engaged 
in farming for two years. He then bought 
forty acres of land in Bethel Township, Mc- 
Donough County, adding later to his original 
holding until he owned 236 acres in one body. 
He also owns a farm of 160 acres in Kansas, 
which came into his possession in 18S7. Under 
his able management his property took on value 
and importance, was furnished with modern 
labor-saving machinery, and had a residence 
and buildings in keeping with the tastes and 
ambitions of its owner. He made a careful 
study of agriculture in all its phases, observed 
method and order in the arrangement and as- 
signment of his property, and was known as a 
man who did his best in house and field, and 
in association with his fellowmen. 

Ever since the beginning of his voting life 
Mr. Miller has been a stanch Republican. Aside 
from serving as School Director for a quarter 
of a century, he has been Road Commissioner 
one term, and has filled other local offices of 
Importance. Since retiring from the farm he 
has lived at 602 South McArthur Street, Ma- 
comb. Mr. and Mrs. Miller are the parents of 
four children: Patica, wife of Edward Duns- 
worth; Fred, .lesse and Henry. Mr. Miller is 
an agreeable and approachable man, faithful 
to the friends and interests which have come 
into his life, retaining, at the age of sev- 
enty-one, that capacity for sympathy and kin- 
ship with others which marks the broad-minded 
and useful citizen. 



MILLER, William, who is well known as one 
of the worthiest among the retired farmers 
living in the town of Tennessee, McDonough 
County, 111., was born in Summit County, Ohio, 
August 28, 1830, a son of Charles and Sallle 
(Bryan) Miller — the father being a native of 
the State of Connecticut, and the mother of 
Irish birth. William Miller is the seventh in 
a family of ten children born to his parents — ■ 
five boys and five girls. The family came to 
Bethel Township, McDonough County, in 18.54, 
where they settled on a farm. William lived 
at home until 1858, assisting in the farm work 
and enjoying the facilities for study afforded 
by the public schools in his neighborhood. 
After leaving home he rented farms for sev- 
eral years in this vicinity, and in 1SS3 bought 
a farm of eighty acres half a mile north of the 
town of Tennessee, where he lived until 1900. 
He then sold this farm and purchased another 
of eighty acres in Bethel Township, which he 
occupied until the spring of 1903. This he 
also sold, and bought property in Tennessee 
village, where he is living in comfortable re- 
tirement and respected by all for his estimable 
qualities of head and heart. 

On June 27, 1858, Mr. Miller was joined in 
wedlock with Esther Jane McClure, who was 
born and schooled in Beihel Township. Ten 
children have been the offspring of this union, 
namely: James H.; Charles: Annie (Mrs. F. 
K. Williams), deceased; Robert; Mary F. (Mrs. 
Martin Laughlin), deceased; George W.; Laura 
F., who died in 1892, at the age of twenty-five 
years: Wealthy, who is with her parents; Asa, 
and Francis Edwin. In political affairs the 
subject of this sketch espouses the cause of 
the Republican party. 

MONTEE, Charles Finley, M. D., a highly rep- 
utable iihysician and surgeon, who is engaged 
in practice in Colchester. McDonough County, 
111., was born five miles southwest of Macomb, 
McDonough County, on July 15. 1870. His fa- 
ther, Frank M. Montee. was born in Upper San- 
dusky, Ohio, and his mother. Mary E. (Purdum) 
Montee, was a native of Schuyler County, III. 
His paternal grandfather was Abram Montee, 
a native of New York State, who married a 
Miss Wilson, also of New York — the Montee 
family being originally from France. The ma- 
ternal grandfather was John Purdum. 



m 

X 

Xl 

o 
> 

> 

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o 

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s 

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■< 




HISTORY OF McDOXO[-nir COUiX'TY. 



9G1 



The paternal great-grandfather came to this 
country with Lafayette and settled near New 
York City. Grandfather Montee located in 
Chicago at a very early period, and built the 
first block house there. He was a sailor on 
the great lakes, and also owned land in Ohio 
and in McDonough County. He settled in Mc- 
Donough County in I.S47, on a farm about four 
miles southwest of Macomb, where he re- 
mained until his death in 1S75. His wife was 
a second cousin of Daniel Webster. They had 
thirteen children — seven boys and six girls — 
of whom Frank M. Montee was the twelfth 
in order of birth. The last named is a farmer 
and stock-raiser in Southeastern Kansas, where 
he settled in 1S74. He owns 400 acres of land 
in Crawford County, that State. 

Charles F. Montee in early youth attended 
the public schools and the Ohio Normal School, 
and lived with his parents until he was twenty- 
one years old. He then spent seven years in 
study in different institutions. In 1904 he wa.s 
graduated from Spalding's Commercial College, 
at Kansas City. In 1896 he graduated in phar- 
macy and received the degree of Ph. G. in 1898. 
He also holds the degree of Ph. D. In 1903 he 
was graduated from Barnes' Medical College. 
St. Louis, Mo. From that institution he came 
direct to Colchester, where he opened an of- 
fice. He is regarded as thoroughly compe- 
tent in his profession, and his practice, already 
good, is constantly increasing. 

Dr. Montee was married November IS, 1897, 
to Ina Scott, who was born and schooled in 
McDonough County. The religious faith of the 
Doctor is that of the Presbyterian Church. Po- 
litically, he is a Republican, and fraternally 
is connected with the Masonic Order, Select 
Knights. I. O. O. F., K. of P., I. O. R. M., M. 
W. A. and A. O. U. W. His professional af- 
filiation includes membership in the State and 
County Medical Societies. 

MOON, George, for many years a thrifty farm- 
er in Tennessee Township, McD<]nough County, 
111., was born in Cornwall. England. May 22, 
1840. a son of Joseph and Mary Ann (Kitt) 
Moon, natives of the same locality. George Moon 
worked at farming in the old country until he 
reached the age of twenty-four years, when 
he came to Canada and resumed the same oc- 
cupation. From the Dominion he came to Mc- 



Donough County, 111., and was employed in 
Tennessee Township until after his marriage. 
Then he bought fifty-six acres of land, which 
he subsequently disposed of. His wife owns 
eighty acres, and his sons are also owners of 
farms in the same township. He moved to his 
present place in 18G8. and has lived on it from 
that time, building a residence upon it and 
making other ini|)rovements. 

In March, 1866, Mr. Moon was united in mar- 
riage to Susan McClure, who was born in 
Tennessee Township, where, in her youth, she 
attended the common schools. Five children 
have blessed the union, namely: Frank, Harry, 
Fred, .Marian and .\lico. The sons are in- 
dustrious, well established and thriving farm- 
ers and reflect much credit upon their parents, 
and the daughters are no less worthy. 

In political contests, Mr. Moon supports the 
cause of the Democratic i)arty, and has served 
as School Director for three years. Frater- 
nally, he is a member of the Masonic Order. 

MOORE, Frank, an enteri)rising farmer of El- 
dorado Township, .McDonough County, 111., was 
born in that township March 2, 1864, and there 
attended the common school in his neighbor- 
hood. He is a son of George and Mary ,T. 
(Snowden) Moore (married in 18.52), of whom 
the former was born in Kentucky and the latter 
in Virginia. There were ten children in the 
father's family: George, William, Rosa, Theo- 
dore. Middle, Alice, Martha, Simeon, Ray and 
Elva. The father died in 1873, at the compara- 
tively early age of forty-four years, and the 
mother in 1890, aged fiftysix. Frank Moore's 
paternal grandfather. William Moore, was 
a Kentuckian and married Elizabeth Green- 
up. David and .lane (Woodrow) Snowden, 
his grandparents on the maternal side, were 
natives of Virginia. They were married Feb- 
ruary 15, 1820, and .Jane Snowden died in 1885, 
aged eighty-three years, and David Snowden, In 
1874. aged seventy-five years. Grandfather Moore 
came with his family to McDonough County 
in 18:;."), and settled in New Salem Township, 
where he entered 300 acres of Government land. 
He died in February, 1892, at the age of eighty- 
nine years, nine months and seven days. George 
Moore was born in 1827, and died September 
24, 1873. on his farm on Section 22, in Eldorado 
Township. He bought land there after his 



962 



HISTORY OF Mcdonough county. 



marriage, and was the owner of 240 acres at the 
time of his death. 

Frank Moore worked away from home more 
or less for fifteen years, and finally struck out 
for himself, working by the month until the 
time of his marriage. After his father died 
he had to work hard to assist in supporting 
his mother, who died March 21. 1S90. and his 
eldest sister. Middle, who died August 4, 18S9. 
After his marriage he bought a tar;ii of sev- 
enty-six and one-third acres in the northwest 
corner of Eldorado Township, Section 6. 

Mr. Moore was married September S, 1S92, 
to Irena Alice Dailey, who was born in Eldo- 
rado Township, and received her preliminary 
education in the public schools and later at- 
tended Abingdon College and the Macomb Nor- 
mal School. One child. George Wilkinson, was 
born of this union, November 26, 1894. In po- 
litical matters Mr. Moore takes sides with the 
Republican parly. He has served the town- 
ship as School Director since 1895. His reli- 
gious connection is with the Methodist Epis- 
copal Church, in which he officiates as Trus- 
tee. The subject of this sketch bears an ex- 
cellent reputation as an individual and as a 
citizen, and is regarded as one of the most use- 
ful members of the community. 

MUNGER, John D., formerly a successful 
farmer of .\shtabula County. Ohio, and in Scot- 
land Township, McDonough County. 111., and 
now living in retirement in Macomb. III., was 
born in Saratoga Springs, N. Y., April 25, 1824, 
and received his early education in the com- 
mon school of Geneva, Ohio. He is a son of 
Gideon and .Judy M. (Dewey) Munger. His 
father was born in Saratoga Springs, N. Y., 
and his mother was a native of Vermont. Four 
children were born to his parents, of whom 
John D. was the third in succession of birth. 
At the age of fifteen years he started to learn 
the blacksmith's trade in Geneva, Ohio, where 
, he worked a number of years. In 1849 he 
went from Ohio to California, where he re- 
mained two years and .got some gold. He re- 
turned to Geneva, whence, in 1853, he 'went 
a.gain to California and spent one j'ear there. 
He took passage on the ship "Golden Gate." 
and on the return voyage he took passage on 
the "Winfield Scott." which was wrecked off 
Santa Barbara. Cal., so that he was compelled 
to stay on shore for six days. Returning to 



Ohio, he bought a farm in Ashtabula County, 
which he cultivated until 1876, when he came 
to McDonough County. 111. Purchasing a farm 
in Scotland Township, he lived on it two 
years, and, in the spring of 1878, moved to Ma- 
comb. There he bought a fine residence on 
South White Street, where he has passed his 
days in retirement. 

On .lanuary 7, 1854, Mr. Munger was mar- 
ried to Juliette Jennings, who was born in 
Madison, Lake County, Ohio, and schooled at 
Quincy, 111. This union resulted in three chil- 
dren, viz.: Yreka and Ureka. deceased, and 
Verona R., who married Manda Radikin and 
lives in Macomb. Mrs. Munger died .\ugust 23, 
1893. In politics, Mr. Munger supports the Re- 
publican party. He is passing his declining 
years surrounded by every comfort and in the 
enjoyment of that quiet repose to which his 
former labors have entitled him. 

MURPHY, Benjamin, one of the old residents 
of .McDonough County. 111., and formerly one 
of its most prominent and successful farmers, 
is now living in comfortable retirement on 
Section 36, Sciota Township, his former years 
of industry and thrift having been rewarded 
by the accumulation of an abundance of this 
world's treasures. Mr. Murphy is a native of 
the State of Ohio, where he was born in Clin- 
ton County, on November 15, 1S27. His father, 
Benjamin Murphy, was bom in Delaware, while 
his mother, Mary (Brown) Murphy, was a na- 
tive of Virginia. Benjamin Murphy, Sr.. who 
w-as also a farmer, did not arrive in McDon- 
ough County until six years after his son Ben- 
jamin had settled there. The former bought 
the Hickman farm in Sciota Township, which 
he improved, and there pursued his wonted oc- 
cupation during the remainder of his life. The 
subject of this sketch moved from Ohio to Mc- 
Donough County, III., in 1853. making the jour- 
ney by wagon, accompanied by his wife and 
three children. He located on Section 34, Sci- 
ota Township, where he bought and improved 
eighty acres of land. This he owned about 
eight years, and then moved to a place just 
west of Good Hope, 111., on Section 29. Walnut 
Grove Township. There he remained six years, 
cultivating a quarter-section which had been 
l)reviously improved. He also owned eighty 
acres in Section 24. Sciota Township, where he 
afterward made his home, operating 160 acres 





'/I4n^ /^^^ 



HISTORY OF Mcdonough county. 



963 



in general farming and stocli-raising. In 1895 
he retired from active pursuits. 

On February 14. 1S5S. Mr. Murpliy was united 
in marriage in Clinton County. Ohio, with Lou- 
isa .Vlunger. who departed this life in l.S8(l. The 
following children resulted from their union, 
namely: .lames, deceased: .lohn W.. who is en- 
gaged in farming in Walnut Grove Township, 
McDonough County: Cynthia (.Mrs. Koss). de- 
ceased: Thomas, who carries on farming in 
Sciota Township; and Ellsworth, who lives on 
the homestead. John W. was married in 1887 to 
Lizzie Sanderson, of Henderson County. 111.. 
and to them was born one daughter, who died 
infancy. Thomas was married in 1891 to Ida 
Schultz. of Iowa, and they are the parents of 
one son. Carmen. Ellsworth married .Maude 
Lowe, who was born in .McUonough County, 
and they are the parents of one boy,. Verne. 

Although the subject of this sketch is no 
longer interested in political affairs to an active 
extent, he was formerly an earnest supporter 
of the Republican party. During a long, in- 
dustrious and upright career, he has discharged 
with fidelity the duties incident to all the re- 
lations of life, maintaining a record free from 
reproach, and his declining years are attended 
by the sincere respect and cordial good wishes 
of all who know him. 

I 

MURRAY, Allen.— The life story of .■Mien Mur- 
ray is that (if a man of average endowments, 
who came to Illinois in the promising but un- 
settled days of 1836, and who, as a hatter 
and agriculturist, worked out his destiny with 
intelligence and forethought. In the interval 
between his arrival and his death, November 
8, 1880, he arose from small be.ginnings to a 
comfortable competence, and what is better 
still, to the abiding esteem of his fellowmen. 
Horn .June .">. 1809, in ,Iefferson County. .\. Y., 
Mr. Murray was a son of Henry Murr:ty, born 
in the same State and county May 17, 1783. 
Henry Murray was reared on a New York farm 
and. in youth, learned the shoemakers trade, 
which he followed many years. During the 
second struggle between .'\merica and England 
in 1812. he laid aside the tools of his trade to 
wield the arms of the soldier, during a part 
of his service being located at Sackett's Har- 
bor, N. Y., where, in May. 1813. the AmeiHcan-;. 
under Brown, repulsed the Rritish under Pro- 
vost. Mr. Murray married Lucinda Ball, also 
born in .(efferson County. He received a grant 



of land for his military services. He came to 
Illinois in 1838, two years after the arrival 
of his son Allen, and with the latter lived and 
conducted general farming until his death, Sep- 
tember 10, 1866. He had been a widower many 
years, his wife having died in .New York, May 
21, 1823. He inherited many of the traits of 
his Scottish ancestors, whose early representa- 
tives allied their fortunes witn the pioneer days 
of .New York State. 

Allen Murray was educated in the public 
schools of Loweville, ,)efferson County, N. Y., 
and, following the example of his father, be- 
came a tradesman, serving an apprenticeship to 
a hatter. He subsetpiently engaged in the hat 
business in .\lbion and Kochester. X. Y.. and 
in ]8:!G came to Macomb, 111., where he worked 
in the manufacture of hats for O. C. Wilson, 
who had an establishment in .Macomb at that 
time. In 1838 he bought land in Schuyler 
County and engaged in farming with his fa- 
ther, in 1872 retiring from active life, and 
thenceforth making his home with his daugh- 
ter, Mrs. Applegate. in .McDonough County, 
where his death occurred November 8, 1880, 
and that of his wife September 8, 1887. Mrs. 
Murray, formerly Sarah A. Marvin, was a na- 
tive of Franklin County, Vt., born January 28, 
1809. She was a daughter of Elihu and Thank- 
fiil iliarnard) Marvin, natives of the State of 
Massachusetts. The marriage of Mr. Murray 
and Miss Marvin occurred January 6. 183.5. in 
Rochester. X. Y.. and of this union there were 
two children. Of these Francis C. died Feb- 
ruary 22, 1856, and Lucinda H. is the wife of 
James T. Applegate, of .McUonough County, 
whose sketch ai)pears elsewhere in this work. 

Mr. Murray was a quiet, unostentatious man. 
the soul of business and iirivate honor, and the 
recipient of many warm and lasting friend- 
ships. Possessing no political aspirations, he 
yet was a stanch supporter of the Democratic 
party. 

MURRAY, William A., a well-known and thriv- 
ing farmer, who jiursues his vocation in Emmet 
Township. .McDonough County. III., was Iwrn in 
Hire Township, that county, .August 1, 1868. 
His father. Allen .Murray, was born in Ken- 
tucky, and his mother. Perilla (Parkeri .Mur- 
ray, was born in Ohio. William and Jane 
(Bird) Murray, the father's parents, were na- 
tives of Virginia and Kentucky, respectively. 
The maternal grandparents, Absalom and .^nna 



964 



HISTORY OF McDOXOUGH COUNTY. 



(Woods) Parker, were natives of Ohio. Wil- 
liam A. Murray is the third of a family of nine 
children, and was born on a tarni. In boyhood 
he attended the district school, and later the 
Macomb Normal School, living with his par- 
ents until he was twenty-three years old. Then 
he rented a farm, which he conducted for six 
years before his marriage, after which he lived 
on the place two years, and then moved to Ne 
braska. A year later he bought a farm of forty 
acres in Hire Township, upon which he re- 
sided for four years. In February, 1904, he pur- 
chased ninety-three acres in Section 20, Emmet 
Township, from his brother-in-law, on which 
he is now engaged in general farming. In 190.5 
he purchased 160 acres in Section 33, Emmet 
Township. 

Mr. Murray was united in marriage on April 
15, 1S97. with Hattie Ann Guy, who was born 
in Emmet Township and received her early 
education in the district schools and the Ma- 
comb Normal School. Mr. and Mrs. Murray 
have one child, Allen Guy, born February 26. 
1900. In politics, Mr. Murray espou'ies the 
cause of the Democratic party. In 1S97 he 
served as Tax Collector of Emmet Township. 
and has held the office of School Director since 
1904. 

NEECE, William H.— The oldest practicing 
member of the Macomb bar in ]>oint of service 
and years. William H. Neece, for almost half 
a century, or since his arrival in 1.S.5S, has been 
a channel through which the law has flowed 
untainted by any personal feeling and un- 
ruffled by any outside influence. Perhaps this 
tribute to his sincerity and general fit- 
ness is the highest that could be paid to this 
frontiersman, educator, miner, i)oliticion and 
former Congressman. Mr. Neece is a product 
of the wilds of Illinois, his birth occurring Feb- 
ruary 26, 1831. in what then was a part of San- 
gamon, but now Logan County, 111. His sur- 
roundings were those of a rude log cabin, oc- 
cupied first by his parents, Jesse and Mary D. 
(Deadman) Neece, who. after arriving in the 
State in 1.S30. on .\pril 2. 1S31. located two miles 
south of Colchester, McDonough County, where 
the mother died in 1S37. She was a native 
of Virginia and her husband of Kentucky. The 
elder Neece, a man of versatile gifts, was oc- 
cupied successively with tailoring, medicine 
and farming, married for his second wife Maria 



Harding, at present the oldest living inhabitant 
of McDonough County, and who, March 21, 1906, 
passed her one hundredth mile-ix)st. Mr. 
Neece, Sr., died in December, 1869. He was a 
Democrat in politics, and though not a mem- 
ber of any church, was a high-minded. Christian 
gentleman. 

In his youth William H. Neece attendeil first 
a school taught in a round log house, which 
was later changed to a house of hewn logs. 
He also was a pupil of D. S. Hampton, who 
conducted a private school in the village of 
Macomb. At the age of twenty-one he achieved 
indeiiendence as an employe in a packing house 
along the Illinois River, also helped .to build 
the old-fashioned keel-boats and to break the 
prairie sod with ox-teams. For a time he taught 
school in Walnut Grove Township and Colches- 
ter, and in 1853, stirred by the reports of fab- 
ulous wealth on the Pacific Coast, undertook 
the tedious and dangerous journey across the 
plains with ox-teams. At the end of six months 
he arrived in the city of Portland, Ore., and 
there took steamer to San Francisco, going at 
once to the mines, where he alternated cook- 
ing in a restaurant with wielding his pick for 
gold ore. Returning to McDonough County in 
June, 1855, he became interested in the land 
business, and as agent for Baker & Company 
traveled throughout the South buying up val- 
uable tracts of land. 

For a year and a half Mr. Neece studied law 
in the office of .John S. Bailey, and upon be- 
ing admitted to the bar in 1858, located in Ma- 
comb, where he since has practiced continu- 
ously. His political services have gone almost 
parallel with his professional, and he has been 
a stanch supporter of the Democratic party 
ever since casting his first Presidential vote. 
He was a member of the Constitutional Con- 
vention in 1869-70. serving on the Committee 
on Corporations: a Rejjresentative in the 
Twenty-fourth and the Twenty-seventh General 
Assemblies (1865-67 and 1S71-73), serving among 
others on the Committees on Judicial Depart- 
ment and Charitable Institutions: a member of 
the State Senate, 1878-82: and a member of 
Congress for two terms (18S3-S7). Mr. Neece's 
political services were characterized by wise 
understanding of the needs of the community 
he was called upon to represent, and by the 
introduction and promotion of a number of im- 
portant measures. 




JOSHUA H. SCOTT 



HISTORY OF Mcdonough county. 



9*55 



At Fandon. McUonough County. May 3. 1S57, 
Mr. Neece was united in marriage to .feannette 
Ingles, a native of .\ew Yorli State, and daugh- 
ter of Tompkins Ingles, who was a cooper by 
trade, and after coming West from his native 
State of New YoiU combined farming with his 
trade for the balance of his active life. He 
had five children. .Mr. and Mrs. .\eece are the 
parents of three children: Jessie T., \V. A. 
and Orson B., of whom \V. A. is the sole sur- 
vivor. Mr. -Neece has contributed to the char- 
acter, purpose and attainment of his adopted 
city, and his name is written large in the an- 
nals of its high-minded, enlightened and pro- 
gressive upbuilders. 

NEFF, Daniel C, a well-known farmer in 
Hushnell Township, .McDonough County, 111., 
was born in .Ashland County. Ohio, on Septem- 
ber 26. 1844, a son of Joseph and Mary (Kagy) 
Neff. natives of Virginia. Joseph Neff came to 
Hushnell, 111., on March 17. 1S.5S, and i)urchased 
from Judge liaUer. of .Macomb, a farm of 100 
acres in Section 27, Hushnell Township, where 
he was engaged in farming during the remain- 
der of his life. The subject of this sketch came 
with his parents to Hushnell when thirteen 
years old. His early education was obtained 
in the public schools of Ohio and Illinois. He 
grew up on the farm, assisting his father until 
the death of the latter, and afterward conduct- 
ing the homestead. He has made most of the 
improvements on the place, and owns one of 
the finest farms in his vicinity. 

On November 7, 1SG6, Mr. Neff was married 
to Frances Cole, who was born in Qiiincy, 111., 
a daughter of James Cole, of that city. One 
child, Cora (.Mrs. Phillips), has resulted from 
this union. Mr. Neff is a member of the 
Methodist Church, in politics he is a Demo- 
crat, and is now serving his second term as 
Supervisor of Hushnell Township. Fraternally, 
he belongs to the 1. O. O. K. and A. F. & A. M. 

NELSON, C. T. — The many advantages of spe- 
cializing in stock find expression in the suc- 
cessful venture of C. T. Nelson, upon whose 
finely improved farm of 160 acres on Section 
10, Hlandinsville Township, have been raised 
during the past fifteen years some of the best 
Short-horn cattle in the State of Illinois. Mr. 
Nelson is one of the colony of Swedish-.Ameri- 
cans whose energy and resourcefulness have 



helped to develop the great natural resources of 
McDonough County. He was born in Sweden, in 
18G3, a son of Swan and Hattie Nelson, also 
natives of Sweden, and farmers by occupation. 
Six years of age when he came to the shores 
of .America, Mr. .Nelson brought nothing with 
him but a g<K)d constitution and plenty of grit 
and determination. He was educated princi- 
pally in the Henderson County and Galesburg 
public schools, and for eighteen years was em- 
ployed on the farm of David Rankin, near 
Higgsville, Henderson County. He then came- 
to .McDonough County and lived thirteen years 
on the S. Givins place, Hlandinsville Township, 
and four years on the John Hviston farm, mov- 
ing from the latter to his present home on Sec- 
tion 10, which he purchased of Matt Huston. 
He forthwith engaged in general farming and 
stock-raising, finally branching out into exten- 
sive Short-horn and Percheron horse breeding, 
at which he has made a decided success. His 
cattle yield a substantial yearly income, inde- 
pendent of general produce, and it is no un- 
common thing for him to receive as high as 
four hundred dollars for a nine months" calf. 
His farm is highly improved, with special re- 
gard to stock breeding, and while frugal and 
abstemious, as the majority of his countrymen, 
he is not unmindful of the comforts and refine- 
ments which lift country life above the curse 
of drudgery and deprivation. In addition to 
his own property he farms 640 acres of rented 
land, last year having 870 acres under his 
control. 

In Hlandinsville Township, in 1S8,S. Mr. Nel- 
son was united in marriage to Augusta Larson, 
who came from Sweden to .McDonough County 
when about twelve years old. a daughter of 
Joseph Larson, a farmer of Hlandinsville Town- 
ship, but in Sweden a contracting brickmason. 
Mr. and Mrs. Nelson are the parents of five 
children: Maud, Carl, El win, Mabel and Fern. 
Mr. Nelson is a Republican in i)olitics, and in 
religion a Ijutheran. He is a shrewd and far- 
sighted business man, an excellent manager 
and a past master of agricultural science. He 
has the faculty of getting the best possible 
service out of his employes, and of teaching 
them to become, like himself, thorough and 
painstaking landsmen. 

NELSON, John (deceased), formerly a prosper- 
ous farmer in Eldorado Township, McDonough 



966 



HISTORY OF Mcdonough county. 



County, III., was born in Butler County, Ohio. 
March 29, 1S2S. and there received his mental 
training in the public schools. He was a son of 
Joel and Rachael (Dennis) Nelson, natives of 
Ohio, where his father died. His parents had 
but three children: John: a younger brother — 
David — who died when about to be admitted to 
the bar, and a younger sister. 

At the age of eight years, the subject of this 
sketch came with his mother and his grand- 
parents to Schuyler County, 111., where he re- 
mained until he was able to care for himself. 
In 1850 he crossed the plains with ox-teams to 
California, where he was engaged in mining 
for two years. He then came to McDonough 
County, 111., where he lived with his uncle, Isa- 
iah Dennis, until the spring of 1S.54. He then 
went again to California, where he conducted 
a cattle ranch for eleven years. In 1865, he 
returned to McDonough County, and bought a 
farm of 320 acres, embracing the northwest 
quarter of Section .3.3. and the southwest quar- 
ter of Section 28, Eldorado Townshi]). There 
he lived until his death, February 13, 1899. He 
was buried half a mile away from his farm. 

On November 13, 1870, .VIr. Nelson was united 
in marriage with Serina Fowler, who was born 
in Schuyler County, 111., where her girlhood's 
mental training was received in the public 
schools.' Mrs. Nelson's parents, Jesse B. and 
Catherine (Bniner) Fowler, were natives of 
Kentucky. Her grandi)arents, Thomas J. and 
Mary (Fowler) Fowler, and Jacob and Maria 
(Beghtol) Bruner, were also natives of that 
State. Mr. and Mrs. Nelson became the par- 
ents of nine children, namely: Katie (Mrs. 
William Kennedy), of McDonough County: 
Clara, who is under the parental roof: Alta, 
who died in infancy: Edith. Alice, Annie, Ma- 
ria Elizabeth, Laura Fern, Ralph Waldo and 
Jesse Ward. 

Religiously. Mr. Nelson affiliated with the 
United Brethren Church. In politics, he was a 
Republican, and he held the office of School 
Director for twelve years. A man of excellent 
traits of character, he lived an irreproachable 
and useful life. 

NEWLAND, Abraham, was born February 3, 
183S. in Evenv.-ood. Durham County, England, 
a son of Abraham and Sarah (Porter) Newland, 
residing in Colchester, 111. Oliver Cromwell, 
the .great uncrowned King of England, had for- 



merly a signal corps on a high hill in front 
of the home in which Mr. Newland's parents 
lived and in which he was born. One of his 
ancestors, Abraham Newland, of London, after 
whom he was named, was the renowned Cash- 
ier of the Bank of England for the period of 
fifty years — from September, 1757, to the year 
in which he resigned, September 8. 1807 — and 
the family would have received, with other ben- 
eficiaries, a large portion of his valuable es- 
tate but for the unfortunate accident of the 
burning of the parish register in one of the 
parishes in the County of Durham, destroying 
the records and dates of the birth of the great- 
grandparents and other relatives, which was 
necessary to establish and prove the relation 
and heirship to the estate. The grandfather 
on his father's side lived to be one hundred 
and eight years of age, and was twice married. 
The first of the family to come to America, 
after arriving at the age of maturity, emigrated 
and settled in the State of 'Virginia soon after 
the Revolutionary War. 

Abraham Newland, Sr.. came to this country 
in 1853. accompanied by his daughter, and lo- 
cated in La Salle County, III., when two years 
later he was .loined by the rest of his family, 
consisting of his wife and three sons. Abra- 
ham. Jr.. while a child, attended the public 
schools, and later during his youth, a select 
night school in England, and afterward by close 
apiilication to his books he acquired a good ed- 
ucation. He came to Colchester, 111., in the 
winter of 1856 and became interested in and 
operated coal mines there' until 1862. Soon 
after the Civil War commenced, being intensely 
loyal, he enlisted and enrolled himself in the 
army, and served until after the close of the 
conflict. At the time of his enlistment he 
ioined Company D. One Hundred and Twenty- 
fourth Regiment Illinois Volunteer Infantry, of 
which the members of the company desired 
him to accept the office of Lieutenant, but he 
declined in favor of another who had done a 
great deal of work in recruiting the company. 
He was elected Sergeant, and afterward, by re- 
quest of the men, he was made Orderly Ser- 
geant. His comi)any and regiment were in 
General Lo.gan's Division, Seventeenth Army 
Corps, commanded by General McPherson, and 
was in Major-General Grant's army until after 
the fall and capitulation of 'Vicksbuvg. The 
One Hundred and Twenty-fourth did excellent 



HISTORY OF McDONOUGH COUNTY. 



96; 



/ 



service during tlie war. and no man in the en- 
tire regiment showed more bravery, or dis- 
charged his duty more faithfully, than Abra- 
ham Newland. At the battle of Raymond, .Miss., 
while an Orderly Sergeant, he commanded the 
company, there being no commissioned offi- 
cers present, and tor bravery upon the battle- 
field and in that fight was commended by the 
Colonel, who promised him at the close of the 
battle promotion to a commissioned office, at 
the very first oi)i)ortunity. A few days after 
this battle he was shot through the face and 
was reported killed, and the next day. when 
the surgeons had dressed the wounds, they still 
declared that he was mortally wounded and 
that he could not live. After a number of 
weeks and months of suffering the wound be- 
gan to heal, and eventually he was again re- 
stored to active duty. Both the Lieutenants 
of his company resigned and soon afterward 
the Captain resigned and went home. He then 
was commissioned and became the honored 
Captain of his company. This position he re- 
tained to the close of the war. and was highly 
respected and honored by his men and his 
brother officers. Among the most imiKjrtant 
engagements In which he particijtated were the 
following; Port Gibson. Raymond. Jackson. 
Champion Hill, and siege of Vicksburg. He 
was on all the marches, expeditions, campaigns 
and sieges in which the regiment took part, ex- 
cept one short expedition, when he was on de- 
tached duty and could not be relieved in time 
to go with his command. In the winter of 1864- 
65 the One Hundred and Twenty-fourth Regi- 
ment was transferred to the Sixteenth .\rniy 
Corps, General A. J. Smith commanding, and 
In the sieges of Spanish Fort and Fort Mlakeley 
and the capture of Mobile. Ala., the last great 
battle of the war was fought. General Lee sur- 
rendered at Appomattox to General Grant April 
9. 1865. while General Canby's army was fight- 
ing and capturing Mobile. Captain Newland 
took part and was engaged in twenty-two bat- 
tles and skirmishes and two sieges, one siege 
lasting forty-seven days and forty-seven nights. 
and the other thirteen days and thirteen nights. 
On the loth day of August. 1865. the regiment 
was discharged, and Captain Newland returned 
to Colchester. McDonough County. 111., with the 
full consciousness of duty well performed. 
Within two weeks after his return home he was 
engaged in the general mercantile business, 
which he conducted until the year 1SS4. In 



.April, 1879, he leased some lands and coal 
mines in Colchester, and afterward sold a half- 
interest to a iiartner, and the firm was known 
as Colchester Coal Company, and continued op- 
erating the mines until April 1, 1884. He aft- 
erward built a large brick and tile manufactory 
and also o])ened up coal and clay mines at 
Tennessee, 111., and the company was known 
as the Tennessee Coal and Fire Clay Works. 
The Captain owns 162 acres of land which he 
leases each year to neighborirfg farmers. 

Captain Newland was married in Colchester. 
111.. March 3. 1859. to .Mary J. .Musson. who died 
.lune 15. 1871. leaving two children. Sarah 
Florence and Thomas E. Newland. The Cap- 
tain was married again June IS, 1872, to Annie 
Musson, and six children have been born to 
them: Mary O.. George A.. Abraham R., Gil- 
bert. Haven and Henry W. Newland. 

In ix)Iitics. Captain .Newland had always in 
his youth held and maintained strong anti- 
slavery sentiments, and at the time of the or- 
ganization of the Republican party he accepted 
and adopted the principles advocated and sus- 
tained by that party, and has ever been a faith- 
ful and ardent supporter of its men and ineas- 
ures. .As a man he stands high in the com- 
munity, and none deserves more from his fel- 
low-citizens. He is a pleasant, agreeable gen- 
tleman, having a heart overflowing with love 
for humanity; is a friend to the i)oor, and 
above all a true Christian. In the home circle 
he is kind and affectionate: in the church, an 
earnest worker: as a citizen he has the good 
of all at heart, and works to advance the in- 
terests of his town and cotinty as much as he 
does his own individual interests. In the organ- 
ization of the Methodist Episcopal Church in 
1858 at Colchester he was one of the original 
members, and has since been an active worker 
in all the departments of that body. In the 
year 1859 Rev. Richard Haney. Presiding El- 
der for the district, granted him license and 
authority, and he has continued to labor and 
preach up to the present time. He has never 
asked for a regular appointment as pastor, be- 
lieving he could accomplish as much good in 
the local work as in the regular field. Nearly 
every Sabbath he preaches for some of the 
neighboring churches, and on funeral occasions 
his services have specially been in demand. 
It is said he preaches more discources of this 
nature than any regular minister in the county. 
In Sunday school work he i-i p:!i)ocially pre- 



968 



HISTORY OF Mcdonough county. 



eminent, having from early youth taken great 
interest in this worli. In all the neighborhood 
Sunday school conventions he is called upon 
to take active part, and in the county work 
possibly he is behind none. 

NOPER, Lewis, who has been successfully en- 
gaged in farming in McDonough County, 111., 
for more than thirty years, and is now located 
in Walnut Grove Township, in this county, was 
born in La Harpe, 111., September 13, 1850, a 
son of Lewis and Elizabeth (Beck) Noper, na- 
tives of Germany, the father being a tailor by 
trade. Mr. Noper first settled in Bethel Town- 
ship in 1872, removed thence to Industry Town- 
ship, where he remained five years, and has 
now been a resident of Scotland Township four 
years. In 1885 he purchased Thomas Klein's 
place of IfiO acres, on which he has since car- 
ried on general farming and stock-raising, and 
to which in 1906 he added 160 acres adjoining. 

On March 7, 1872, Mr. Xoper was married 
to Ella Strader, who was born in Frankfort, 
Ross County. Ohio, The children born of this 
Tinion are: Dora (Mrs. George Yeast I: Clemm, 
deceased; Simeon; Eva; Valasco; Zoe, and 
Ross. In politics, Mr. Noper belongs to the 
Democratic party, and his religious faith is 
that of the United Brethren Church. 

NOPER, S. C, a well-known and successful 
young merchant of Good Hope. McDonough 
County, 111., is a native of Industry Townshij). 
of the same county, and is a son of Lewis and 
Alice Noper. (A sketch of the life of his fa- 
ther appears elsewhere in this volume.) In 
boyhood Mr. Noper attended the district 
schools of Walnut Grove Township, McDonough 
County, and supplemented this schooling by 
pursuing a course of study in the old Macomb 
Business College. His early youth was mainly 
passed on his father's farm in Walnut Grove 
Township, and at a later period he was for 
a time employed by Gardner Chandler, of Ma- 
comb. In 1891 he located in Good Hope and, 
in connection with H. E. Yeast, purchased the 
Creel Brothers dry-goods store, which had then 
been established about fourteen years. Two 
years later he bought out the interests of Mr. 
Yeast, and has since conducted the concern 
alone, keeping a full stock of boots and shoes, 
dry-goods, etc. He is possessed of .good mer- 
cantile capacity and training, and has the fac- 



ulty of applying himself closely to the details 
of his business. These qualifications, together 
with his recognized methods of honest dealing, 
ctmstitute an assurance that the success which 
has hitherto attended nis efforts will increase 
as time goes on. Mr. Noper is popular in the 
community and his friends are numerous. 

NUNEMAKER, John S. — Few men connected 
with monetary institutions have had a broader 
general business experience that John S. Nune- 
maker, for the past twenty years identified with 
banking in Bushnell, and since he aided in its 
organization in 1892, Cashier of the Bank of 
Bushnell. The other officers of the Bank are: 
R. D. C. Haines, President; S. H. Robinson and 
James Garretson, Assistant Cashiers. The in- 
situation conducts a general bankin.g business 
and has succeeded in winning the confidence and 
support of the town and rural community. 

Mr. Nunemaker was born in Westminster, 
Carroll County, Md., May 30, 1850, a son of 
Samuel N and Sarah J. (Stevenson) Nune- 
maker, also natives of Maryland, but who were 
married in Canton, 111., in 1846. The parents 
subsequently returned to their native State, but 
upon again locating in Canton, in 1856, the elder 
Nunemaker engaged in milling, turning his 
attention to farming during the last ten years 
of his life. His death occurred September 21, 
1871, but his wife still lives, and makes her 
home with two of her sons who are engaged 
in the banking business in Nebraska. John S. 
N'unemaker spent the first twenty-six years of 
his life on a farm, then moved to EUisville, 
III., where he engaged in the hardware business 
for a couple of years. Disposing of this busi- 
ness he went to Nebraska w-ith his brother, 
Samuel, and assisted in the breaking of 300 
acres of prairie land, upon which they erected 
two houses, and which they rented at the end 
of eighteen months. Returning to Illinois, Mr. 
Nunemaker traveled for the firm of Colburn & 
Burk, ])urveyors of physician's supplies, of 
Peoria, for four years, and then became identi- 
fied with the agricultural implement business 
of James Miner, of Bushnell, for a couple of 
years. In 1886 he entered upon his banking 
career as Assistant Cashier in the Bank of Cole 
& Company, and in 1892. as heretofore stated, 
helped to or.ganize the Bank of Bushnell, with 
which he since has been connected as Cashier. 

Mr. Nunemaker was married February 20. 



70 




HISTORY OF Mcdonough county. 



969 



1876, to Louisa Crowl. a native of McDonough 
County, and a daughter of John Crowl, a de- 
ceased farmer of the vicinity of Bushnell. Of 
this union, three children were born: Court, 
who died In ISs:!: one child, who died in in- 
fancy; and Crete, wife of Fred Sperry, who is 
engaged in the fire insurance business in 
Bushnell. 

Mr. Nunemakor is an old-t'me supporter of 
the Democratic party, but of late years has 
voted for Republican Presidents, being in reality 
Independent in his views. Ha has steadfastly 
retustd oflBcial honors save that of Treasurer 
of the Bushnell Fair Association, and Vice- 
President of the Central Illinois Bankers' As- 
sociation of Peoria, 111. He is prominent fra- 
ternally, and is a member of the T. J. Pickett 
Lodge No 307, A. F. & A. M., of Bushnell, the 
Morse Chapter No. 19, the Macomb Command- 
ery No. 6, the Mohammed Temple of the Mystic 
Shrine, of Peoria, and the Chevalier Lodge No. 
101, Knights of Pythias, of Bushnell. Mr. Nune- 
maker has a genial and sympathetic personal- 
ity, which, though not an esseitial in the arid 
realms of banking, is vastly appreciated by 
patrons of the institution, and has won him the 
esteem and good will of the people of his 
adopted town. 

OAKMAN, John 0., who is the proprietor of 
a flourishing grocery store in Blandinsville, Mc- 
Donough County, 111., was born in Hancock 
County. III., August 17, 1S5S, a son of Isaac and 
Elizabeth (Campbell) Oakman, natives of the 
State of Pennsylvania. Isaac Oakman was a 
farmer by occupation. He served as County 
Treasurer of McDonough County one term, and 
held the office of Supervisor of Hire Town- 
ship when the court house was built in Macomb, 
retaining this office for several terms. 

The son, .John O. Oakman, was reared on his 
father's farm and assisted in the w^ork, at- 
tending public school in Hire Township in his 
boyhood. In early manhood he purchased the 
grocery concern of Mat hew H. Watson in Blan- 
dinsville, and since then has continued in the 
grocery business there, being in his present 
location about fifteen years. In 1898 Mr. Oak- 
man was united in marriage with Adella J. 
Nesbitt, who was born and schooled in Han- 
cock County, HI. Two children. May and Flor- 
ence, have been born of this union. Politically, 
Mr. Oakman upholds the principles of the Dem- 
23 



ocratic party. He has served as School Trustee 
for some time. Fraternally, he is affiliated 
with the A. F. S- A. M., being a member of 
Blandinsville Lodge No. 233, Blandinsville 
Chapter No. 208, and Macomb Commandery No. 
01. 

The subject of this sketch has established a 
satisfactory business, and gives it close atten- 
tion. His grocery is considered one of the most 
reliable business places in Blandinsville. 

OAKMAN, John S. — Among the farmers in Mc- 
Donough County, 111., who have made a good 
record in agriculture and citizenship during the 
past thirty years, is the subject of this sketch, 
who lives in Section 25, Blandinsville Town- 
ship. Mr. Oakman was bom in Huntingdon, 
Pa., on November 10, 1856, and is the son of 
Robert and Susanna (Steele) Oakman, natives 
of that State. He received his ecrly education 
in the public schools, and came to McDonough 
County November 12, 1876. Here he first 
worked at farming, harness making and car- 
pentering successfully. In 1898 he bought his 
present place containing 160 acres of land in 
Section 25, Blandinsville Township, and here he 
has since followed farming :ind stock-raising, 
breeding also Short-horn cattle and Norman 
horses. He has a fine residence at Blandins- 
ville, built by himself. For three years he was 
in the grocery business there. 

On February S, 1883, Mr. Oakman was united 
in marriage with Mollie E. Huston, a native of 
McDonough County, where in girlhood she at- 
tended public school. Three children were the 
issue of this union, viz.: Lawrence E.. Carl H. 
and Blanche D. Both of the sons are graduates 
of Gem City Business College, at Quincy, 111. 
Lawrence E. is a bookkeeper in the Chicago 
office of the Hammond Packing Company. 
Blanche D. died January 10. 1905, at the age of 
seventeen years. Religiously, Mr. Oakman wor- 
ships with the membership of the Christian 
Church. Politically, he is a Democrat, and 
fraternally, is connected with the I. O. O. F. 
The subject of this sketch manages his farm 
with systematic care, and the results produced 
attest his thorough competence In this vocation. 
As a citizen, he is intelligeni, well informed 
and public-spirited. 

OBLANDER, Charles E., a prominent mer- 
chant of Bushnell, McDonough County, III., was 



970 



HISTORY OF Mcdonough county. 



born in Quincy, 111., in 18G1, a son of John and 
Elizabeth (Mahrstet) Oblander, natives ot Ger- 
many. The father was a carnenter by occupa- 
tion, and later engaged in the furniture line, in 
which he still remains. Mr. Oblander came to 
Bushnell with his parents when he was six 
years old, and here attended public school. In 
1886 he opened a notion store, which was grad- 
ually enlarged until he now conducts a first- 
class dry-goods establishment on West Main 
Street, where he handles that line exclusively. 
He is a man of good business talent and stand- 
ing, and the prosperous condiLion of his trade 
IS attributable to his honorable dealing and the 
energy manifested in conducting his affairs. 
Mr. Oblander was married In 1889, to Sally 
Koeller, who was born at Camp Point, 111. Fra- 
ternally, he is affiliated with the Knights of 
Pythias. 

OBLANDER, J. F. G., who has for several 
years, been associated with his father in the 
furniture business in Bushnell, McDonough 
County, 111., and also conducts an undertaking 
establishment In connection with the furniture 
store, was born in that city, on May 10, 1868. 
There he received his education in the public 
schools. Both in the furniture and undertaking 
lines he has made a reputation as a careful, 
diligent and competent busineas man. On Oc- 
tober 19, 1892, Mr. Oblander w?s married to 
Anna L. Bartells, who was born at La Prairie, 
111. Two children, Louis Frederick and Helen 
Elizabeth, have :esulted from this union. Re- 
ligiously, the subject of this sketch is a Presby- 
terian. In politics, he belongs to the Repub- 
lican party, and fraternally, he is affiliated with 
the K. of P., I. 0. F., and Court of Honor. 

OBLANDER, John V., a well-known and pros- 
perous furniture dealer of Bushnell, McDonough 
County, 111., where he has lived nearly forty 
years, is a native of Zucenhausan, Germany, 
where he was born March 13, 1833. Mr. Ob- 
lander came to America in 1855 and located at 
Quincy, 111., where he worked as a carpenter. 
In 18C6 he moved to Bushnell, where he fol- 
lowed the same occupation until 1869, when he 
went into the furniture business in partnership 
with his brother. The firm continued thus 
until 1877, and then for about ten years his 
sister-in-law was interested in the concern. 
Since that period the business has been con- 



ducted under the firm name of J. V. Oblander 
& Company. They are licensed embalmers, and 
attend to all kinds of funeral work. In 1899 
Mr. Oblander built his two-story store, 25x120 
feet in dimension, on Main Street, and also 
built the adjoining store, 25x90 feet in size. 
Formerly the firm manufactured some furni- 
ture and coffins. On October 9, 1860, Mr. Ob- 
lander was married to Elizabeth Mahrstet, a 
native of Germany, and three children — C. E., 
Dora (Mrs. Albright), and J. F. G. — have been 
born of their union. Politically, Mr. Oblander 
is a Republican, and served two years on the 
School Board. His business is enjoying a 
healthy giowth r.nd is increasing constantly. 

ODENWELLER, Isaiah, formerly the popular 
proprietor of a livery stable in Macomb, Mc- 
Donough County, 111., and twice Mayor of the 
city, was born in Scotland Township, McDon- 
ough County, November 29, 1856, a son of Leon- 
ard Odenweller, a native of Baden, Germany, 
and Elizabeth (Denby) Odenweller, who was 
born in Ohio. Leonard Odenweller came to Ma- 
comb in 1845, worked at blacksmithing, and 
cultivated his farm of 450 acres, nine miles 
southeast of Macomb. His family consisted of 
four boys and three girls. Isaiah was the 
youngest of the boys, but was older than two 
of his sisters. He lived on the farm with his 
parents until he reached the age of twenty-two 
years, attending the public school when opportu- 
nity offered. He then married and carried on 
farming until he was thirty years old, when he 
came to Macomb, and was there engaged for 
two years in the butchering business. This he 
sold cut and in the spring of 1889, established 
himself in the livery, feed and sale business, 
on the corner of Washington and South Ran- 
dolph Streets, where he built a new house and 
barn. At times he had partners, and January 
1, 1902, William Miles was taken into partner- 
ship with him. He sold out his interest to Mr. 
Miles January 2, 1903, and retired from active 
business. He had fine road horses, when deal- 
ing in such stock, and when conducting the 
livery business, kept the best of vehicles and 
horses. Mr. Odenweller was united in marriage 
with Martha E. Ellis, who was born and at- 
tended school in Macomb. They have one child, 
Walter L.. born October 31, 1886. Mrs. Oden- 
weller's parents, John G. and Susan Mary 




-^ iju!-^^^ 






HISTORY OF Mcdonough couxty. 



971 



(Breckenridge) Ellis, were born, respectively, 
in Franklin, InJ., and Pennsylvania. Her 
paternal grandfather, James Ellis, was a native 
of Kentucky, as was also her grandfather on 
the n-'Other's side, James Breckenridge. The 
latter's wife, Sarah Eliza McKee, was born in 
Indiana. Grandfather Breckenridge was a 
Presbyterian minister in that State. Grandfa- 
ther Ellis was a Captain of Mississippi River 
boats for a number of years. John G. Ellis, 
Mrs. Odenweller's father, was engaged in the 
drug business in Indiana, ar.d also for five 
years, in Macomb. He died in 1SC2. Political- 
ly, Mr. Odenweller is a Republican, served three 
terms as School Director of Industry Township, 
has represented the Third Ward of Macomb in 
the City Council, was elected Mayor of Macomb 
In l??7. and to the same office for a second 
term in 1893. The religious connection of Mr. 
Odenweller is with the Christian Church, and 
fraternally, he is affiliated with the Masonic 
Order, and the I. O. O. F.. K. of P. and M. W. 
A. In his business, political and social rela- 
tions he has always maintained a blameless 
reputation, and wherever known, is highly 
esteemed. 

PACE, Andrew J., for many years a success- 
lul farmer in Scotland Township, McDonough 
County, 111., but now a much respected citizen 
of Macomb, whore he is living in retirement, 
was born in McDonough County, November 30, 
1842, a son of William I. and Sarah (Vawter) 
Pace, who were natives of Kentucky. The 
paternal grandfather, Earley Pace, was also a 
native of that State. The family moved to 
McDonough County at an early period and spent 
two years in Bethel Townshi]), where the fa- 
ther was engaged in farming. Thfy then move 1 
to Scotland Township where the father died in 
1S57, the mother having passed away in 1849. 
William I. Pace was captain of a military com- 
pany which took p.-irt in the Black Hawk War. 
He was the father of nine children, of whom 
the subject of this sketch was the sixth in 
order of birth. Andrew J. Pace attended the 
public schools of Scotland Township and there 
grew up to manhood. He remained in that 
vicinity until 1862, working on the farm. 

On August 12, 1862, Mr. Pace enlisted in the 
Second Regiment Illinois Volunteer Cavalry, in 
which he served until August 12, 1865. After 
his discharge from the army, he continued to 



work on the farm until his marriage. He 
owned a farm in Scotland Township, which he 
operated after that event. To this farm iie 
added, until in I'igs he was the owner of 460 
acres of land, on which he was engaged in gen- 
eral farming and stock-raising. In 1895 he 
built a fine residence in Macomb, on the corner 
of North McArthur and Carroll Streets, where 
he is now living exempt from the cares and 
trials of active life. He takes, however, a live- 
ly interest in current events, and is always 
ready to assist in promoting measures intended 
to benefit the community at large. On February 
29, 1872, the subject of this sketch was united 
in marriage with Mary J. Walker, who ob- 
tained her education in the public and Old 
.Normal schools of McDonough County. Polit- 
ically, Mr. Pace is a supporter of the Repub- 
lican party. In ieligious faith, he adheres to 
the Piesbyterian Church, and fraternally, is an 
active member of the G. A. R. 

PACE, Henry J.ickson, who is successfully en- 
gaged in the livery business in Macomb. HI., 
was born in the place of his present residence 
December 6, 1862, a son of George W. and Sally 
J. (Sweeney) Pace, who lived on a farm the 
first year after their marriage, and then moved 
to Macomb, occupying the same house in which 
they now reside. George W. Pace kept a dry- 
goods and grocerv store. The paternal grand- 
parents were William J. and Sally Sparks 
(Vawter) Pace. The former came from Cum- 
berland County, Ky., in 1830, and died in 1855, 
while the latter, who was a sister of the late 
.\llen Vawter, died in 1850. The journey to 
Macomb was made by an ox-team, and they lived 
for a year in a log house with an earthen floor. 
William H. Pace walked three miles to borrow 
a plow, crossing a creek on a log, and returning 
the same way, with the plow on his shoulder. 
The county was then very sparsely settled. 

In his boyhood. Henry J. Pace attended the 
common schools of his neighborhood, when his 
health, which was frail, permitted. By dint of 
close application he managed to obtain a good 
education, and after his school days worked for 
a while as clerk in his father's grocery. As 
this employment was injurious to his health, he 
went into the livery business in 1897, which 
afforded more outdoor exercise. Since then his 
patronage has increased a hundred per cent. 
His stable, on West Carroll Street, was de- 



972 



HISTORY OF Mcdonough county. 



stroyetl by fire in the summer of 1905, causing 
a loss of more than $8,000. Rapidly recovering 
from the disaster, he secured an equipment su- 
perior to the old one and has :e-established his 
business on a better basis than before. 

Mr. Face is a man of strict integrity in his 
business dealings. His daily life is marked by 
moral rectitude and he is respected by all who 
know him. In leligious belief, he is a Univer- 
salist, and politically, gives his support to the 
Republican party. His fraternal affiliation is 
with the K. of P. 

PAINTER, Francis Marion.— The gentleman 
whose name begins this sketch is one of the 
most extensive landholders in McDonough 
County, m. He was born in Emmet Township, 
McDonough County, November 15, 1S35, the 
son of Tobias G. and Catherine (Painter) Paint- 
er, natives of Pennsylvania, where the father 
was born in Westmoreland County. The ma- 
ternal grandfather, George Painter, was also a 
native of Pennsylvania. Tobias G. Painter 
came to McDonough County in 1831. He was a 
farmer by occupation and settled in Emmet 
Township. Until 1836, he lived in different 
places in the township. At that period he 
purchased 160 acres in Section 9, on which the 
subject of this sketch now lives. The father 
died in 1870, and the mother in 1893. 

Francis M. Painter is the fourth in a family 
of seven children, of whom the oldest and 
youngest were girls. In boyhood he attended 
the district school in his vicinity, and grew 
to manhood on the home farm. After the 
death of his mother Mr. Painter bought the in- 
terests of the other heirs of the estate, to which 
he added from time to time, until he is now 
the owner of about 1,300 acres of land, all of 
which is rented out. 

On June 25, 1880, Mr. Painter was married 
to .Josephine Kitch, who was born November 
6, 1855, in the State of Ohio, where she re- 
ceived her early mental training in the com- 
mon school. This union has been the source 
of four children, namely: Beryl, Hazel, Ruth 
and Tobias. Beryl is the wife of Clarence 
Kline, a farmer of Emmet Township, and has a 
family of five children; Hazel married Irvin 
Melvin, and has one child. She still resides 
with her father, as also do the other children 
except Beryl. Mrs. Painter died August 17, 
1903. In politics, Mr. Painter upholds the prin- 



ciples of the Democratic party. He has served 
as Township Assessor two terms and as School 
Director thirty years. 

PARVIN, John T., a highly respected retired 
farmer, living in Bardolph, McDonough County, 
111., was born in Franklin County, Ind., April 
3, 1837, a son of Samuel R. and Ann (Tice) 
Parvin, natives of the State of New Jersey. 
The paternal grandparents were Abijah and 
Esther (Ray) Parvin, of whom the former was 
born August 19, 1773. John T Parvin is the 
second of six sons born to his parents. In boy- 
hood he attended the public scliool, and came to 
McDonough County at the age of nineteen 
years. Here he worked on a farm until he 
was of age, when he was elected constable. He 
was afterward employed as clerk in a store in 
Bardolph until December 2, 1861, when he en- 
listed in Company I, Fifty-seventh Regiment 
Illinois Volunteer Infantry. He was in the 
Army of the Tennessee and participated in the 
siege ot Fort Donelson, the Atlanta campaign, 
the last battle of Bentonville, and all the prin- 
cipal engagements of his regiment. On his 
discharge July 7, 1865, he came to Colchester, 
McDonough County, where he was employed as 
clerk in a store for more than a year. Then he 
bought a farm in Macomb Township, which he 
operated until his retirement from active busi- 
ness life in 1897. He had inherited a residence 
in Baidolph, which he now occupies in quiet 
leisure. 

On November 11, 1866, Mr.' Parvin was mar- 
ried to Mary E. Hoagland, who was born in 
McDonough County, and in her girlhood, pur- 
sued a course of study in Abingdon Seminary. 
Two children blessed their union, namely: 
Allie Hope (Mrs. 3. P. Douglas), of Bardolph, 
and Anna J. (Mrs. Dr. H. B. Sikes). The latter 
is deceased. In religious belief, Mr. Parvin Is 
a Presbyterian, and politically, is a Republican, 
and has always cast his vote in McDonough 
County. He has served as School Trustee and 
Constable of his township, and held the office of 
President of the Village Board for one term. 
Fraternally, he is identified with the A. O. U. 
W. The subject of this slcetch has proved faith- 
ful and honorable in all the relations of life, 
public and private, and has made a record 
which is surely a solace and comfort in his 
declining years. 




yi^AiA^^ul 



HISTORY OF JMcDONOUGH COUNTY. 



973 



PATRICK, George T., a prosperous farmer of 
Scotlaiul Township. McDonough County, III., 
was born in Bethel Township, McDonough 
Count>. October 12, 1S52. the son of Charles 
and Jane (Brawdy) Patrick, natives of Adair 
County, Ky. The paternal grandfather was 
Samuel Patrick. Charles Patrick came with his 
parents to Bethel Township in 1834, and settled 
on a tarm. There he married, and lived there 
until 1S62, when he enlisted in the Union army. 
After his discharge from the service he moved 
to Macomb. 111., where his son George lived 
until he was twenty-four years old. He then 
came to Scotland Township and bought an 
eighty-acre farm in Section 20, where he has 
since remained. He has 206 acres in the home 
place, and 160 acres in Section 28. He carries 
on general farming and raises horses, cattle and 
hogs. 

On January 25, 1878. George T. Patrick was 
married to .Nancy J. Campbell, who was born 
in Scotland Township, where, in girlhood, she 
attended the public school. Three children 
have been born of this union, namely: Delia 
M. (Mrs. James Barclay), of Scotland Town- 
ship: Charles and Frank, who dwell under the 
paternal roof. In religion, Mr. Patrick adheres 
to the Presbyterian faith, and on political is- 
sues, supports the Republican cause. 

PAULSGROVE, T. B., an energetic and suc- 
cessful farmer In the vicinity of Good Hope, 
McDonough County, 111., was born in Washing- 
ton County. Md., in 1863, a son of Rudolph and 
Mary (Holtz) Paulsgrove. both of whom were 
born in the State of Pennsylvania. Rudolph 
Paulssrove was a farmer by occupation, and 
was very successful in his operations. He was 
a man of upright character and industrious 
habits, and enjoyed the confidence and respect 
of all who made his acquaintance. 

The subject of this sketch received his early 
mental training in the district schools of Mary- 
land. In 1881, he came to Illinois and located 
at .\bingdon, Knox County, where he re- 
mained about six years. After leaving there 
he had charge of the Foltz tile factory for some 
time. He subsequently worked for three years 
on the farm of Abraham Stickle and then re- 
turned to AbinJidon, where he remained two 
years. In 1889. he located at Good Hope, and 
purchased eighty acres of land of a Mr. Decker. 
■On th's there w°re no improvements, and after 



improving It. Mr. Paulsgrove bourght forty acres 
more, north adjoining. On this property, Mr. 
Paulsgrove has ever since been successfully en- 
gaged in farming, devoting also considerable at- 
tention to the raising of thoroughbred stock. 
In 1890, Mr. Paulsgrove was united in mar- 
riage with Lucy Locke, who was born in Mc- 
Donough County, a daughter of T. J. and Eliza- 
beth (Brown) Locke, who settled in the vicinity 
of Blandicsville, at an early i)eriod. Mr. and 
Mrs. Paulsgrove have become the parents of 
three children, namely: Gutha, Hulda and Her- 
bert. In religious belief, Mr. Paulsgrove ad- 
heres to the creed of the Christian Church. As 
a farmer, he is careful, systematic and diligent, 
and as a citizen, he takes an intelligent and 
earnest interest in the welfare of the com- 
munity'. 

PAYNE, John T., chief janitor of the State 
Normal School at Macomb, McDonough County, 
111., was born in Sullivan, Moultrie County, that 
State, February 2, 1845, a son of Richard 
Weston and Paulina (Hampton) Payne, of 
whom the former was born thirty miles south 
of Louisville, Kv., and the latter in the same 
general vicinity. John T. Payne was the fifth 
of twelve children born to his parents and was 
one of twin birth. At the age of fourteen years 
he left home and worked one summer on a farm, 
by the month, in the employ of Ellas Myers. 
He also worked on N. P. Williams' farm for 
three years. In the meantime he had been a 
pupil in a commercial school. In April, 1864, 
Mr. Pavine enlisted in Company C. One Hundred 
Thirty-ninth Regiment Illinois Volunteer In- 
fantry, which was sent to Columbus, Ky., after- 
ward to Cairo, and later still, back to Columbus, 
where it was on duty guarding prisoners. Mr. 
Payne was discharged late in the fall of 1864, 
and icturned to Eureka, whence he went to 
Havana. 111., and worked eight years on a farm. 
He then went to Mason City. Iowa, where he 
was employed at farming from 1S74 until 1887. 
Returning to Illinois he worked as a canvasser 
until the spring of 1888, after which he siient 
four years on his wife's farm In Emmet Town- 
ship, McDonough County, and then moved to 
Macomb. On August 1, 1902, he was appointed 
chief janitor of the State Normal School. He 
has charge of one regular janitor, and super- 
vises the work done by students of the institu- 
tion who assist in keeping the building clean. 



974 



HISTORY OF Mcdonough couxty. 



On January 10, 1888, Mr. Payne was married 
to Jennie M. (Murray) Welch, widow of Joh'i 
T. Welch, who was born and schooled in Ken- 
tucky. Mrs. Payne has one child, Ivan Garret- 
son. Politically, Mr. Payne is a Reputilican. 
He served as Superintendent of Streets in Ma- 
comb for three years, and as Supervisor of 
Emmet Township one term. Fraternally, he is 
a member of the I. O. O. F., I. O. R. M., Re- 
bekahs and G. A. R. He is considered very 
eflScient in the performance of his duties at the 
State Normal School. 

PEARSON, Isaac N.— Among the prominent 
citizens and politicians of Illinois is Isaac N. 
Pearson, of Macomb, McDonough County, who 
was born in Centerville, Butler County Pa., 
July 27, 1842, the youngest of the seven children 
of Isaac S. and Lydia (Painter) Pearson, also 
natives of Pennsylvania. Both the paternal and 
maternal families were connected with the 
dawn of American history, arriving from Eng- 
land in 1686, and settling in Philadelphia among 
the Society of Friends. Isaac S. Pearson was 
a merchant during the greater part of his active 
life, and he served with distinction in the Legis- 
lature of Pennsylvania as a representative of 
the Whig party. Shortly after his death, in 
1845, his widow moved with her children to 
Newcastle, Pa., and in 1849 came to Illinois, 
settling rear La Harpe. Hancock County. In 
1858 she moved to Macomb, where her death 
occurred in 1872, at the age of sixty-six years. 
The youth of Isaac N. Pearson was character- 
ized by a hard struggle for existence, and by a 
degree of res))onsibility which brought into the 
limelight the qualities which have accom- 
plished his business, political and social suc- 
cess. Educated primarily in the district school 
near La Harpe and at Macomb, he did much to 
assist his widowed mother, working on the 
farm, on the sti'eets, chopping wood, making 
gardens, and resorting to other honorable but 
humble means of securing money for his school- 
ing and the support of his mother. In 1861 
he secured a position in the Circuit Clerk's 
office, and upon itaching his majority, was ap- 
pointed Deputy Circuit Clerk. Upon the Dem- 
ocrats coming into power in 1864, he lost his 
clerkship, and the following spring he became 
Cashier In a bank in Bushnell, retaining the 
position until the fall of 1868. The same year 
Ue was again appointed Deputy Circuit Clerk, 



and ir. 1872 the party honored him by a unani- 
mous nomination for the office of Clerk of the 
Circuit Court, to which he was elected by a 
greater majority than any other candidate on 
the ticket. In ls76 he was re-nominated by 
acclamation, and again was elected, running 
three hundred votes ahead of the ticket. In 
June, 1880, six months before the expiration of 
his term, he was elected Cashier of the Union 
National Bank, of Macomb, which position he 
occupied until January, 1883, when he resigned 
to accept the office of Representative in the 
I'hirty-third General Assembly from the Twen- 
ty-seventh District comprising the counties of 
McDonough and Warren, to which he had been 
elected the previous November. Upon resigning 
his position in the bank he was elected its 
Vice-President. In the Legislature Mr. Pearson 
introduced, among other important bills, the 
original bill for the appointment of State in- 
spectors of coal mines, out of which grew the 
present excellent law on the subject. During 
the session he was chairman of the Committee 
on Fees and Salaries, a member of the Com- 
mittees on Corporations, Banks and Banking 
and Finance, and several special committees. 
Declining a re-nomination for the House, in 
1886 he was nominated by acclamation for the 
office of State Senator, and was elected over 
the Democratic Greenback candidate by a ma- 
jority of 581. During the session of the Thirty- 
tifth General Assembly he was Chairman of the 
Committee on Mines and Mining, member of 
the committees on Appropriations, Banks and 
Banking, Railroads, Pees and Salaries, Military, 
State Library and Roads and Highways, and 
several special committees. In the State Con- 
vention of 1888, Mr. Pearson was a candidate 
tor Secretary of State, the opposing candidates 
being General J. N. Reece, Hon. W. F. Calhoun, 
ex-Speaker of the House, and Hon. Thomas 
C. McMillan. After an exciting contest Mr. 
Pearson was nominated on the fifth ballot, and 
upon immediately resigning his office as State 
Senator, entered into the State campaign, and 
was elected by a majority of 25,287, the largest 
given any candidate on the ticket at that elec- 
tion. In January, 1S89, he assumed the duties 
of Secretary of State, and was an efficient and 
popular public servant. In 1892 he was re- 
nominateo with but slight opposition, receiving 
1,081 nut of 1,232 votes in the convention on 
the first ballot. The Democrats carrying the 




WILLIAM STALEY 



HISTORY OF Mcdonough county. 



975 



state that year, he, with all of the other Re- 
publican candidates, was defeated, but his popu- 
larity was shown by his running nearly six 
thousand votes ahead of the Presidential ticket. 
Upon the expiration of his term, Mr. Pearson 
returned to Macomb and devoted his energies to 
his various business interests. 

The marriage of Mr. Pearson and Jennie M. 
Robinson was solemnized in Springfield in 1894, 
Mrs. Pearson being a daughter of the late Hon. 
James C. Robinson, at one time a prominent 
Democratic politician and member of Congress 
trom Illinois. Mrs. Pearson's death occurred 
the September after her marriage, and in 1901 
Mr. Pearson was united in marriage to Mary E. 
Kerman, of Macomb. Mr. Pearson is one of 
the stock-holders and directors of the Macomb 
Pottery Company and the Macomb Electric 
Light & Gas Company, and a stocli-holder in 
the Union National Bank of Macomb. He also 
is a large landowner. Fraternally, he is con- 
nected with the Masonic Veteran Association 
and Knights Templar, the Independent Order 
of Odd Ftllows, Ancient Order of United Work- 
men and Knights of Pythias, in all of which he 
is a faithful and helpful worker. He also is a 
member of the Macomb Business Men's Club 
and the Hamilton Club, of Chicago; is President 
of the Board of Education of Macomb, and for 
a number of years has been a Trustee in the 
Methodist Episcopal Church, of Macomb. Mr. 
Pearson is a man of excellent business ability 
and of strict integrity. He has a genial and 
interesting personality, is invariably tactful and 
courteous, and whether as a financier, politician 
or citizen, impresses by his moderation, 
good judgment and intellectual reserve. There 
are few charitable or generally enlightening 
projects which do not meet with his generous 
and hearty co-operation. 

PEASLEY, James Osgood, a well-known and 
substantial farmer of .McDonough County. 111., 
who is also connected with the banking busi- 
ness in Macomb, was bom in Henderson Coun- 
ty, III., July 24, 1S64, a son of James F. and 
Sarah J. (Tarleton) Peasley, natives of New 
Hampshire. The grandfather was Moses Peasley, 
and the maiden name of his wife was Ayers. 
In boyhood Mr. Peasley received his primary 
education in the district schools of Henderson 
County, 111., and later at Denmark Academy. 
Denmark, Iowa, after which he attended the 



Glttings Seminary, La Harpe, 111., and still later 
took a business college course at Burlington, 
Iowa. Until he was twenty-one years of age 
he lived upon the family homestead. He then 
entered Hungate, Ward & Company'.s Bank, at 
La Harpe, 111., as clerk, and later, when the 
firm purchased the First National Bank of Ma- 
comb and established the Bank of Macomb, he 
became a partner and Cashier. He continued 
thus until 1893, when the bank was sold to 
C. V. Chandler, and afterward, until 1901, was 
retained as Cashier. In the latter year he 
founded the McDonough County Bank, with 
which he is still connected. On December 13, 
18S7, Mr. Peasley was united in marriage with 
Martha H. Twyman, who was born in Macomb. 
Politically, Mr. Peasley gives his support to 
the Republican party. Fraternally, he is iden- 
tified with the A. F. & A. M., belonging to 
.Macomb Lodge No. 17, .Morse Chapter No. 19, 
Macomb Commandery No. 61, Oriental Consist- 
ory, Chicago, and Medinah Temple of the Mys- 
tic Shrine. He is also affiliated with the I. O. 
O. F. and B. P. O. E. 

PECH, 'Washington Joseph, who is successfully 
engaged in the manufacture of pottery in Ma- 
comb. III., was born at .^kron, Ohio, February 
22. 1S.5.'5, a son of .Joseph and .\nna Sterba Pech, 
natives, respectively, of 'Vienna, Austria, and 
Prague, Bohemia. His father was born June 
27, 1827, and his mother February 2, 1834. Jo- 
seph Pech, the father, came to the United 
States In 1850, and settled near Green Bay, 
Wis., where he was married in 1853. Thence 
he moved to Madison, Wis., and there engaged 
in the pottery business. In this venture he was 
not successful, on account of the poor quality 
of the clay, and he then moved to Akron, Ohio, 
and conducted a pottery at a small place in 
that vicinity called Atwater. He devoted a 
portion of his time to farming, and this, with 
the pottery work, occupied his attention until 
1882. At that period he came to Macomb and 
continued in the same line of work until his 
death on June 30, 1890. Washington J. Pech 
attended the public schools at Atwater, Ohio, 
until he was fourteen years of age, meanwhile 
helping his father at Intervals, and after he 
left school still worked with the latter In the 
pottery business. In the spring of 1878 he 
came to McDonough County, 111., and stopped 
at Macomb for a visit. In the fall of the same 



976 



HISTORY OF Mcdonough county. 



year he came again and went to work in the 
Macomb Pottery, which was then in course 
of completion, remaining with that concern un- 
til 18S2, when he built the pottery establish- 
ment which ne has operated ever since. He 
began in a small way, the capacity of his plant 
in 1882 being about 4,000 gallons per week. 
This was gradually increased until the out- 
put reached 25,000 gallons per week in the 
spring of 1898. In that year he bought all 
the stock in the concern held by other parties, 
and the capacity of the plant has since been 
enlarged to 50,000 gallons weekly. 

On May 6, 1880, Mr. Pech was married in 
Macomb to Lucinda Stocker. who was born 
November 23, 1862, and this union has resulted 
in one son, Charles Arthur Pech, born Septem- 
ber 6, 1882. Politically, Mr. Pech is an earn- 
est Republican, the confidence reposed in him 
by his fellow-citizens being indicated by the 
fact that he nas served three terms as Alder- 
man (1896-1901, inclusive), and one term as 
Mayor (1901-1903). He was a member of the 
School Board from 1894 to 1896, and is now 
serving as President of that body. Frater- 
nally, Mr. Pech is affiliated with the I. O. O. 
P., A. F. & A. M. (being a member of Macomb 
Lodge No. 17, Morse Chapter No. 19, and Ma- 
comb Commandery No. 61), and the K. of P. 
He joined the first-named order in 1876 and 
the second in 1881, and his connection with the 
third began about 1886. The high degree of 
success in life attained by Mr. Pech is attrib- 
utable to his plodding industry, unflagging per- 
severance and rigid integrity. He stands at 
the head of one of the most important indus- 
tries of Macomb— an industry which he created, 
solely through the exercise of these virtues— 
and his career furnishes a strong incentive to 
all who, under like circumstances, would tri- 
umph over adverse conditions. 

PENNARTZ, Joseph, who is successfully op- 
erating a grocery and meat-market in Macomb, 
111., was born in Franklin County, Iowa, No- 
vember 16, 1869. His father and mother, Henry 
and Dora (Hipp) Pennartz, were natives of Ger- 
many. Josepn Pennartz was the eldest of tour 
children born to his parents. With them he 
came to Macomb, and at the age of ten years 
began working on the farm. He also worked 
two years in a brick yard. He was afterward 
employed for seventeen years by Mr. Hainline, 



in connection with the "Macomb Journal." In 
the spring of 1903 he went into partnership 
with Ray Brooking in the grocery line. On 
January 1, 1905, he sold out to his partner and 
bought the grocery and meat business of Ste- 
phen & Moon. He has a fine trade and han- 
dles all kinds of fresh and salt meats, together 
with a complete stock of groceries, canned 
goods, etc. He has displayed good business 
qualities in his recent venture and is regarded 
as likely to attain still greater success. 

On September 16, 1897, Mr. Pennartz was 
married to Maude S. Hiatt, who was born and 
educated in Industry, McDonough County. In 
his political views he is a Republican. 

PENNYWITT, Don Piatt, a well-known attor- 
ney-at-law in ilacomb, McDonough County. 111., 
was born in Clinton County, Iowa, a son of 
Levi W. and Salome (Countryman) Pennywitt, 
the father having been born in Mansfield, 
Adams County, Ohio, and the mother in High- 
land County, the same State. The paternal 
and maternal grandfathers were John Penny- 
witt and David Countryman. Mr. Pennywitt 
attended the public school in Macomb, to which 
place his parents had moved when ho was a 
year old. In 1883 he learned the potter's trade, 
at which he worked in Macomb for seven years. 
He is the youngest of three brothers and has 
one younger sister. In 1897 he entered the 
law school of Yale University, returning in the 
summer of 1899 to Macomb, where he began 
the practice of law, which he has since fol- 
lowed with success. Mr. Pennywitt advocates 
the policies of the Republican party. He 
served the public as Deputy County Clerk from 
1891 to 1S97, and represented the Third Ward, 
Macomb, in the City Council in 1902-03. In re- 
ligious belief the subject of this sketch is a 
Universalist, and in bis fraternal affiliation a 
member of the Knights of Pythias. 

PICKEL, Lewis, a well-known and industrious 
farmer of New Salem Township, McDonough 
County, 111., was bom in Hocking County, Ohio, 
February 2. 1841, a son of Henry and Mary 
Bussert Pickel, also natives of the same county. 
Grandfather Jacob Pickel was a native of Penn- 
sylvania, while Grandfather William Bussert 
and his wife (nee Helm) were natives of Ohio. 
Lewis Pickel is the second of a family of six 
children, four of whom were boys. He was 




MRS. N. A. STALEY 



HISTORY OF iMcDONOUGH COUNTY. 



977 



born on a farm, where he lived to the age of 
fourteen years, and attended the district school 
in the winter season. In 1855 he came with 
his parents to Fulton County, 111., where the 
family lived three years, when they moved to 
McDonough County and settled in New Salem 
Township. Lewis Piclvel remained with his 
parents until September 2, 1861, when he en- 
listed in Company L, Seventh Regiment Illinois 
Volunteer Cavalry, which was assigned to the 
Second Brigade, Second Division, of the First 
Cavalry Corps, under Brigadier-General Grier- 
son. Mr. Piclvel seri-ed throughout the war, 
and was discharged in November, 1865. He 
then returned to McDonough County, and 
worked at farming until 1867, when he bought 
eighty acres of land in Section 9, New Salem 
Township, where he has since resided, car- 
ry in.g on farming. 

On March 19, 1866, Mr. Pickel was married 
to Ella A. Wilson, who was born in Delaware 
County, Ohio, and there in her youth attended 
the district schools. Mr. Pickel is a member 
of the Methodist Episcopal Church, politically 
is a Republican, and fraternally belong'! to the 
G. .\. R. 

PIERCE, David F. — Twenty years of residence 
on the same farm in McDonough County has 
witnessed a steady rise in the fortunes of 
David F. Price, who, in partnership with his 
wife, owns 310 acres of land on Sections 7, 8 
and 17. Macomb Township. Mr. Pierce be- 
longs to that class of men who have come up 
from the bottom round of the ladder, and who 
owe more to observation and practical experi- 
ence than they do to the theories to be found 
between the covers of books. He is a native 
son of the prairies, and was born in Walnut 
Grove Township, McDonough County, In June, 
1854. On the paternal side he is of Southern 
stock, his father, Jesse B., and his grandfather, 
David Pierce, being natives of Tennessee. His 
mother (in girlhood Mary .\nn Clark) was born 
in Illinois, a daughter of Thomas Clark. 

Jesse B. Pierce came to McDonough County 
in 1S47, and pre-empted 320 acres of land in 
Walnut Grove Township, making his home 
thereon until the close of his life in 1S99, at the 
advanced age of eighty-four years. His wife 
died in 1887, when sixty-two years old, and 
both are buried in Pierce Cemetery, on the old 
pioneer farm. They were people of fine moral 



courage, and had the patience to calmly await 
such rewards as fate, worl<ing through their 
wisely conceived plans, had in store for them. 
Honored for their large hearts and good judg- 
ment, they were among the best known and 
best liked early settlers of the township. 

At the age of twenty-one years David F. 
Pierce started upon the road to independence, 
journeying west to Nebraska, where he hoped 
for better opportunities than were to be found 
in his native State. Two years, however, dis- 
abused his mind of any claims of inferiority, 
and he was glad to return to .Macomb Town- 
ship and settle upon his present farm. The 
most advanced methods of agriculture are em- 
ployed on this farm. Its equipment is excellent 
and well selected, and its buildings and fences 
are kept in the best of repair. The first impres- 
sion is that of a superior and thoroughly com- 
mercial management. Mr. Pierce makes a spe- 
cialty of raising and dealing in cattle, horses 
and hogs, and in produce confines himself to 
corn and small grains. 

In politics, Mr. Pierce is a Repiiblican. and 
in religion, is a Methodist. His marriage to 
Mary E. Amos, of Hart County, Ky., occurred 
in October, 1874, and seven children have been 
born into his family; Mattie, wife of E. G. 
Ford: Minnie B., now Mrs. T. H. Logan; Jesse 
Franklin, Dorothea, John, Roy Albert and Ruth. 

PINCKLY, Mack M.— One fails to find among 
the prominent men of McDonough County a 
more interesting study in human evolution than 
that presented in the life of Mack M. Pinckly. 
Mr. Pinckly, enrolled on the books of the con- 
struction company as a hod-carrier receiving 
seventy-five cents a day during the building 
of the First National Bank of Bushnell, needs 
no introduction to the master of monetary sci- 
ence who, from the presidential chair of the 
same institution, directs the various functions 
of deposits, discounts, exchange and circula- 
tion to the satisfaction of hundreds of depos- 
itors. In the driving, dynamic force of hand 
and will indicated in this transformation, what 
encouragement for the lad about to start upon 
his independent career minus the impediments 
of wealth, social standing or ancestral prece- 
dent! There was i)ermitted that absolute free- 
dom of choice which is a boon for the strong 
and resourceful, but also a curse to the weak. 
Yet it is known that the youth, with the heavy 



978 



HISTORY OF Mcdonough county. 



load on his shoulder, climbing rickety ladders 
and walking uncertain scaffolding, had no ex- 
travagant dreams of success. He was too busy 
keeping superior to the laws of gravitation. 
Besides, he was a worker and not a dreamer. 
He developed the creative and positive quali- 
ties which ever since have distinguished his 
career, as against the destructive and negative 
qualities of the speculator, or the man who wins 
by the suppression of remunerative industry 
in others. The life of this banker, builder, 
lumberman, former merchant, superintendent 
of schools and real-estate broker, is so typically 
American, so lull of cheery, wholesome energy, 
so absolutely useful in all its phases, that one 
regrets the necessary omission of much that 
would bring out and vitalize his story. 

Born in Bowling Green, Clay County, Ind., 
January 15, 1854, Mr. Pinckly is a son of B. F. 
Pinckley, who came from the Carolinas to Clay 
County at an early day, and there married Ma- 
thilda B. Gwathmey, a native of Greencastle. 
The elder Pinckly was a carpenter by trade, 
but later turned his attention to the drug busi- 
ness, which he followed many years and in 
which he engaged after his arrival in Bushnell 
in May, 1855. During the Civil War he en- 
listed in Company A, Sixteenth Illinois Volun- 
teer Infantry, was mustered in at Camp Doug- 
las as First Lieutenant, and retired from the 
service with the rank of Captain. Resuming 
civilian life in Bushnell, in 1868 he was elected 
Clerk of the Circuit Court, and thereupon 
moved to Macomb, which remained his home 
until 1872. The balance of his life was spent 
in retirement in Bushnell, where his death oc- 
curred March 14, 1903. his wife surviving him 
until March 28, the same year. Mr. Pinckly was 
a Republican in politics, a Mason and a mem- 
ber of the Christian Church. Of his three chil- 
dren — Walter C, Mrs. Georgie P. Wallace and 
Mack M. — all are residents of Bushnell. 

Mack M. Pinckly was a year old when his 
parents came to Bushnell, and his preliminary 
education was acquired in the public schools 
of this town and Macomb. As a boy he was 
energetic and resourceful, without a lazy hair 
in his head, else, doubtless, he would have been 
unable to graduate from the McDonough Coun- 
ty Normal School in 1871 and hold the cer- 
tificate of graduation from two high schools, 
and a commission as a cadet at West 
Point at the age of seventeen. Afterward 



he read law in the oflBce of Joab & Har- 
per at Terre Haute, Ind., clerked in a mer- 
cantile establishment of Chicago, then arising 
from the ashes of its terrible disaster, and upon 
returning to Bushnell, took up the weighty 
problem of forcing his energies into more per- 
manent and remunerative channels. About 
this time his experiences were of a hard and 
monotonous character, but he eventually be- 
came interested in educational work, and in 
time was advanced to the superintendency of 
the public schools of Bushnell. This position 
he maintained with increasing credit until fail- 
ing health compelled his resignation in 1891, 
during which year release from close confine- 
ment and plenty of outdoor exercise resulted 
in his purchase of the Haines Lumber Yard. 
The remodeling and enlarging of this yard was 
the task which Mr. Pinckly set himself to ac- 
complish, and so well did he succeed that it 
now Is recognized as one of the largest retail 
concerns in the Central West, having a shed 
with a double driveway under which twenty- 
eight teams can load at once. Four years after 
buying the lumber yard Mr. Pinckly began the 
study of architecture, for which he possesses 
singular gifts and the mastery of which intro- 
duced him into a large and practical field of 
usefulness. At the present time his name is 
associated with many of the finest buildings 
in Bushnell and Macomb, and many other parts 
of the county and State, included among which 
are residences of every kind costing from two 
to twenty thousand dollars. He designed and 
built the Cole Flats, in Bushnell, and made 
the designs and superintended the remodeling 
of the First National Bank, upon which, when 
his world was younger and hope ran high, he 
worked as a hod-carrier. His own beautiful 
residence, in external design and internal ar- 
rangement, embodies that ideal of personal sur- 
roundings which comes of scholarly tastes and 
mature experience, and which unites comfort 
and elegance with the least possible ostenta- 
tion. His position as builder and lumberman 
has offered unrivaled opportunities for the ac- 
quisition of desirable real estate, and at one 
time he owned many fine residences .'ind con- 
siderable other property in Bushnell. However, 
he long since has ceased to operate in this line 
of brokerage, his time being taken up with the 
increasingly serious responsibilities which sur- 
round him. 



HISTORY OF Mcdonough county. 



979 



As a stockholder and director. Mr. Pinck- 
ly became officially connected with the First 
National Bank ten yeai-s ago. Upon the re- 
tirement of the former President, James Cole, 
in May, 1905, he undertook the management 
of the bank, and his election to the Presidency 
followed December 1. the same year. For the 
past twenty years he has been a stockholder 
and Director of the Bushnell Pump Company. 
By his voice in many campaigns he has been 
a stanch upholder of the Republican party, 
though declining proffered and flattering re- 
quests to accei)l office. He was President of 
the Board of Education when the West School 
was erected. He is fraternally connected with 
the Blue Lodge, A. F. & .\. M.; the Knights of 
Pythias, of which he is Past Chancellor; the 
Modern Woodmen of America : the Court of 
Honor and the Workmen. He was for years 
been associated with Illinois Camp No. 100, 
.Auxiliary Grand Army of the Republic, and for 
thirteen years represented the State in the 
.\ational Encampment, and in recognition of 
his faithful services as Commander he was ten- 
dered a handsome sword. The marriage of Mr. 
Pinckly and Hattie E. Wheeler occurred April 
24, 1879, his wife being a native of Scranton. 
Pa., a daughter of R. \V. Wheeler. Manager of 
the Bushnell Pump Company. Two children 
have been born into the Pinckly home: Nellie 
M. and Benjamin W. 

That no greater blessing falls across the way 
of mankind than the ability and will to work 
is emphatically endorsed by Mr. Pinckly. In 
his own life this creed has an amendment to 
the effect that a different kind of work is often 
the best kind of diversion. As a young man 
selling his labor to others, he was never one 
of the kind to lean up against things, to meas- 
ure out his work with a yard-stick to fit with 
mathematical precision his salary, nor did he 
ever contract the habit of watching the clock, 
for the swinging around of the hands on the 
dial meant the curtailing of his opportunity 
to learn his superiors. As a consequence he 
was noticed and valued, and became a candi- 
date for advancement. As an educator and 
builder the same principle of finishing what he 
had to do prevailed, and when to others the 
day seemed well spent, he would labor far into 
the night with plans and specifications of his 
buildings, doing that which the compulsory 
duties in other lines of business had crowded 



into the background. A man so honest with 
himself must of necessity be honest with his 
fellowmen; and a man so industrious is poor 
material for the encroachment of other than 
the highest ideals of citizenship. And thus it 
hajjpens that the second President of the First 
National Hank, like his predecessor, is a man 
of proved character and ability; a genial phi- 
losopher and true friend; a consistent contribu- 
tor to many worthy causes, giving always of 
his best thought and interest to the com- 
munity which has i)rofited so richly by his 
upright example. — By the Editor. 

PITTINGER, Clarence A., an intelligent and 
rising young farmer of Walnut Grove Town- 
ship, McDonough County, 111., was born in Mc- 
Donough County in 1S75, and in his youth pur- 
sued a course of study in the Bushnell Normal 
School. He is a son of A. H. and Eugenia ( San- 
dige) Pittinger, natives of Virginia. The fa- 
ther, on coming to McDonough County, located 
on 160 acres of land in Section 13, Walnut 
Grove Township. Of this farm his son Clar- 
ence took charge in 1901, and has since suc- 
cessfully followed farming and stock-raising. 

In 1897 Mr. Pittinger was married to Estella 
Bradbury, who was born and educated in the 
McDonough County schools. They have be- 
come the parents of two children, Harlan V. 
and Curtis. Mr. Pittinger has served as Town 
Clerk and School Director in his district. Fra- 
ternally, he is connected with the I. O. O. F., 
M. W. and Royal Neighbors. 

PLASSMANN, Carl A., formerly a successful 
farmer in Chalmers Township, McDonough 
County, 111., and now living in retirement in 
the city of Macomb, was born in Prussian Ger- 
many, May 20, 1837, a son of Carl H. Plass- 
mann, who was a native of Prussia. In his boy- 
hood the subject of this sketch attended the 
public schools of his neignborhood in the fa- 
therland, and at the age of eighteen years came 
to the United States, landing at New Orleans. 
After working in a soap factory there for four 
months he went to St. Louis, where he was 
employed ten months. Thence he went to 
Quincy, 111., and worked two years on a farm. 
After his marriage he moved to Scotland Town- 
ship, McDonough County, where he was en- 
gaged eighteen months on a farm', moving 
thence to Chalmers Township, in the same 



98o 



HISTORY OF Mcdonough county. 



county. There he purchased 160 acres of tim- 
ber land, which he cleared from the brush 
which covered it, and cultivated the ground 
until 1896. In that year he retired from ac- 
tive pursuits, buying a house and double lot 
on South McArthur Street, in Macomb, where 
he is spending his days in leisure. Mr. Plass- 
mann was married October 28, 1857, to Char- 
lotte Redhorst, a daughter of Eben Redhorst, 
and a native oi Prussia, Germany. Nine chil 
dren were born of their union, as follows: An 
nie, Emma, Fred, Marguerite, Louis, Lillian, 
William and two children who died in infancy. 
In religious belief Mr. Plassmann adheres to 
the Lutheran Church, and in political opinion 
Is in harmony with the principles of the Dem- 
ocratic party. He has served twice as Road 
Commissioner and as School Director for three 
terms. The subject of this sketch has always 
lived a straightforward, upright life, and can 
look back on the past with the consciousness 
of having done what he thought to be right. 

PLASSMANN, Frederick William, a thrifty and 
progressive farmer in Chalmers Township, Mc- 
Donough County, 111., was born in that town- 
ship, February 23, 1868. His father was Au- 
gust Plassmann, a native of Germany. Fred- 
erick W. Plassmann is the fifth of a family of 
eight children, and was born on the paternal 
farm. In boyhood the subject of this sketch re- 
ceived his education in the public schools in his 
vicinity and remained with his parents until he 
reached the age of twenty-four years. He then 
commenced farming for himself in that town- 
ship, and operated farms on shares for eight 
years. At the end of this period he bought a 
farm of forty acres in Section 22, Chalmers 
Township, which he has worked ever since. Be- 
sides his own place, he cultivates ninety-four 
acres of rented land. 

On November 22, 1892, Mr. Plassmann was 
united in marriage with Annie Brail, who was 
born in Macomb, where she obtained a public 
school training. The names of the four chil- 
dren resulting from this union are as follows: 
Virginia, Otto August, Erma and Charlotte. In 
religious devotion, Mr. Plassmann joins with 
the brethren of the Lutheran Church. As to po- 
litical issues he stands on the Democratic plat- 
form, and his fraternal relations are with the 
M. W. A. 



POINTER, Robert C, one of the most promi- 
nent of the McDonough County (111.) farmers, 
who is still actively engaged in agriculture, 
was born in Morgan County, III., December 
17, 183S. His father, William Pointer, was 
born in Cumberland County, Ky., and his 
mother, Elizabeth (Morrison) Pointer, was a 
native of Fleming County, in that State. They 
were married May 31, 1835. The grandpar- 
ents on both sides — Cornelius Pointer (born 
in Pulaski County, Ky., in 1788, and died in 
1833) and Rebecca (Snow) Pointer (born in 
Maryland in 1789 and died in 1835) — were all 
natives of Kentucky. William Pointer, the fa- 
ther, was born in Cumberland County, Ky., on 
November 30, 1812, came to Morgan County, 111., 
with his parents In 1828, and remained there 
until 1855 and then moving to Macomb. Here, 
for one year, he conducted a hotel known as 
the "Brown House," situated on the west side 
of the square. In January, 1859, he sold the 
hotel to James Brown, and bought a farm in 
Scotland Township. In the Black Hawk War 
he enlisted twice, and in the fall of 1861 be- 
came identified with the Civil War by joining 
Company C, Eighty-fourth Regiment Illinois 
Volunteer Infantry, of which he was wagon 
master, but in the fall of 1862-63 was discharged 
from the service on account of disability. He 
then returned to his farm, and afterward re- 
moved to Industry, 111., where he lived with his 
son Robert until his death in June, 1893, at the 
age of eighty years. The mother had passed 
away July 8, 1892, at the age of seventy-six 
years. William Pointer was a prominent figure 
in the Free Methodist Church, being a licensed 
preacher and an ordained elder of that denomi- 
nation. He solicited the funds to build the 
church in Macomb, contributing most of the 
necessary funds himself. 

Robert C. Pointer was the second of four 
children born to his parents. In boyhood he 
attended the common and select schools and 
remained under the parental roof until he was 
twenty-five years old. At that period he mar- 
ried, and moved on his present farm of 240 
acres in Section 23, Scotland Township. In 
May, 1876, he established himself in Bardolph, 
McDonough County, in the manufacture of drain 
tile, in connection with the Bardolph Fire Clay 
Works. Ten years later, he sold out his inter- 
est and returned to the farm, where he has 





^ £>, 




tiy~ 



HISTORY OF Mcdonough county. 



981 



since resided. Mr. Pointer has seen this region 
developed from a raw prairie to Its present fine- 
ly improved condition, and has done his share 
to promote the transformation. On May 5, 1864, 
Mr. Pointer was married to Flora Gates, who 
was born in Scotland Township, and there at- 
tended public school in her youthful days, as 
well as the Macomb High School. Seven chil- 
dren blessed their union, namely: Annie E. 
(Mrs. J. D. Hayes), Jennie (Mrs. L. L. Gard- 
ner), Ida M. (Mrs. G. A. Lewis), Lula (Mrs. 

B. D. Herndon), William C, Nellie (Mrs. James 

C. Gift), and Grace G. Mr. Pointer's religious 
associations are with the United Brethren 
Church. In politics, he takes the Democratic 
side of public issues. Fraternally, he is affil- 
iated with the A. F. & A. M., being a member 
of Industry Lodge No. 327, as also is his son 
William. 

POLLOCK, Melvin C, a prominent and sub- 
stantial farmer of Walnut Grove Township, Mc- 
Donough County, 111., was born in this town- 
ship, April 2(J, 1862. He is a son of Robert and 
Mary (Walker) Pollock, his father being a 
native of Indiana and his mother of Walnut 
Grove, 111. His grandfather, Quintus Walker, 
was a Kentuckian who came to Walnut Grove 
in 1833. Robert Pollock came about the year 
1845 and settled on Section 16. Walnut Grove 
Township, where he took up ninety acres of 
land. Melvin C. Pollock attended the Western 
Normal School at Bushnell, 111., and was reared 
on the home farm, the charge of which he as- 
sumed in 1903. He has also acquired other 
land, amounting in all, to 223 acres. For five 
years he was interested in the well-drilling 
business. 

On December 25, 1S90, Mr. Pollock was mar- 
ried to Belle Butler, who was born and schooled 
in McDonough County. Three children have 
blessed their union, namely: Hallie R., Lu- 
cille, and Walker. Politically, Mr. Pollock is 
a Republican. He was elected Supervisor of 
his township in the spring of 1905, and has 
served as Justice of the Peace and School Di- 
rector". Mrs. Pollock's parents are Ozias Butler, 
born in Oshkosh, Wis., in 1S44, and Phoebe 
(Payne) Butler, a native of North Carolina. 
Her mother came to Adams County with her 
parents in 1848, the family moving to Lamoine 
Township. McDonough County, in 1859. Both 
the maternal grandparents are now dead. In 



early boyhood her father also came to Illinois 
with his parents, locating in Blandinsville 
Township. He subsequently went to the Black 
Hills, since which time all trace of him has 
been lost. 

POLLOCK, R. A., who is successfully engaged 
in farming on Section 13, in Walnut Grove 
Township, McDonough County, 111., is a native 
of Schuyler County, 111., where he was born 
August 10, 1860. His father and mother, who 
were natives, respectively, of Indiana and Penn- 
sylvania, were William and Sarah M. (Walker) 
Pollock. The subject of this sketch is the sixth 
of a family of eleven children. He lived with 
his parents on the dividing line between Schuy- 
ler and McDonough Counties until he reached 
the age of twenty-six years. In the meantime 
attending the common schools, and the Northern 
Indiana Normal School. Then he bought a 
farm three miles south of the home place, where 
he lived four years. This he sold and bought 
a farm in Walnut Grove Township, where he 
remained twelve years. He disposed of this 
property also and in February, 1903, purchased 
the farm of William Barclay, consisting of 207 
acres, situated in Section 13, Walnut Grove 
Township. Here he raises sheep, cattle, hogs 
and horses, and also grain for feed. 

On January 3, 1886, Mr. Pollock was mar- 
ried to Clara B. Smiley, who was born and 
educated in McDonough County, and six chil- 
dren are the offspring of this union, namely: 
George W., Beulah, Sarah B., Ruth A., Charles 
W. and Ella M. 

In polities, Mr. Pollock is identified with the 
Republican party. His fraternal connection is 
with the M. W. A. 

PONTIOUS, L. F., who is extensively engaged 
in the poultry and egg trade, in Adair, Mc- 
Donough County, 111., was born in Ross County, 
Ohio, on October 23, 1848. He came to Mc- 
Donough County in 1853, and was engaged in 
general farming until 1870. In that year he 
built a store in Adair in which he followed mer- 
chandising for some time. Subsequently he be- 
came general manager of W. F. Throckmorton's 
poultry houses. He purchased the Adair house 
In 1899, and has since conducted the concern, 
together with his son. They have buyers in all 
the principal towns from Monmouth to Beards- 
town, gathering poultry and eggs. All the 



982 



HISTORY OF Mcdonough county. 



poultry purchased by them is dressed in their 
plant, and shipped east in car lots. Through- 
out the season they handle from one to three 
carloads per week, doing a business of about 
1125,000 annually. The concern employs from 
ten to twenty people, and has a switch and 
loading platform on the Chicago, Burlington & 
Quincy Railroad. 

On December 16, 1875, Mr. Pontious was mar- 
ried to Florence ZoU, a native of Fulton Coun- 
ty, 111. One child, Clifford A., was born of this 
union. Politically, Mr. Pontious votes inde- 
pendently, rie has served two terms as Su- 
pervisor, and has held all the other town ofSces. 
He is an energetic business man, and has made 
his last venture a profitable one. 

PONTIOUS, Ralph Woods.— Though brief as 
years are counted, the professional life of Ralph 
Woods Pontious has realized many of the most 
gi-atifying compensations of legal practice, and 
gives promise of expressing, for many years to 
come, the justice, breadth and incalculable use- 
fulness of one of the most versatile and expan- 
sive occupations of man. A liking for, and full 
realization of, the opportunities of his calling, 
are important factors in the success of this en- 
thusiastic member of the Macomb bar. He comes 
of a family with whom to plan was to accom- 
plish, and who invariably have equipped them- 
selves with a definite purpose in life. The 
name is purely Roman, and consequently an- 
cient. Three brothers Pontious came to New 
York during the Revolutionary War from 
Treves, the oldest Roman city in the inde- 
pendent duchy of Luxemburg, in the Rhine 
province, and fought with the British until the 
cessation of hostilities. They then married and 
settled in Pennsylvania. With few exceptions 
the men of the family have been of great physic- 
al size and strength, Simon Pontious. grand- 
father of Ralph, having been six feet four inches 
in height and of herculean strength. 

Byron Pontious, father of Ralph, was born 
in Ross County, Ohio, May 25, 1850. and mar- 
Tied Ambrosia Woods, born in McDonough 
County, 111., in December, 1S53. Mr. Pontious 
was first a farmer, later a merchant, and still 
later a doctor and lawyer, the latter calling 
becoming an engrossing and long continued oc- 
cupation. He was the father of the Macomb 
Club, and was serving as its first President 
at the time of his death, April 2, 1903. At that 



time also he was a candidate for the Demo- 
cratic nomination for Judge of the Illinois Su- 
preme Court. He had many natural gifts, and 
was known as one of the best story tellers at the 
Illinois bar. Like the immortal Lincoln, he won 
many apparently hopeless cases with quick wit 
or a good story. The harmony of his life was 
sustained by his wife, a woman of great per- 
sonal charm and rare qualities as a hostess, 
and who also was a devoted wife and mother 
and prominent in club life. 

Reared in the atmosphere of the courts, 
Ralph Woods Pontious acquired his education 
in several institutions, and upon his finishing 
his course in the Law Department of the Uni- 
versity of Illinois, was the first student to be 
admitted to the bar by the State Si'preme Court 
from that Institution. During his student days 
he was interested in athletics, especially foot- 
ball, in which he played center in several teams, 
and also was an enthusiastic hunter, fisherman 
and rider. After his graduation Mr. Pontious 
became a member of the law firm of Pontious & 
Pontious, one of the leading ones in Western 
Illinois, and. he has since achieved marked 
success as a general practitioner and criminal 
lawyer, specializing as much as possible in 
federal practice. By those in a position to 
know, it is said that Mr. Pontious never has 
turned away a client because he was too poor 
to pay for his services. On the contrary, the 
money consideration never has been foremost 
in his professional calculations. As proof of 
his generosity in this regard, he is the possessor 
of a unique collection of neckties, pocket knives, 
shirt buttons, revolvers and other junk, ten- 
dered him by unfortunate but grateful clients 
whose material assets were temporarily ab- 
breviated. 

Mr. Pontious belongs to the third generation 
of Democrats in his family, and until the last 
election he has voted the straight Democratic 
ticket. He believed, however, that Theodore 
Roosevelt represented all that was square and 
upright in American character, and still holds 
to that opinion. He was chosen by the Board 
of Supervisors to fill the unexpired term made 
vacant by the resignation of Tom Benton Camp, 
State's Attorney, from March, 1904. to Decem- 
ber, 1905. During the Spanish-American War 
he enlisted in troop N, Illinois National Guard, 
but was disappointed, with the other members 
of the company, in not being among those pres- 



HISTORY OF Mcdonough couxtv. 



983 



ent at the front. At the time he was studying 
at the University of Illinois. Mr. Pontlous is 
prominent fraternally, and connected with the 
independent Order of Odd Fellows, Benevolent 
Protective Order of Elks, Modern Woodmen 
of America, and the A. T. O. college fraternity. 
He is a member of the Universalist Church. 

On September 4, 1900, Mr. Pontious was 
united in marriage to Adah B. Runkle, who was 
born in Doddsville, 111., in 1878, and who repre- 
sents a numerous and wealthy pioneer family 
of the State, strong in Rei)ublican politics, and 
practically all the male members of which 
served in the Civil War. Mr. and Mrs. Pontious 
have a son, William Byron, born April 15, 1905. 
Mr. Pontious is a confirmed optimist, and philo- 
sophically accepts whatever of weal or woe fate 
has to offer. He inherits his father's gift of 
language, and, like the older man, is an enter- 
taining story teller. . With characteristic 
breadth of mind, he attributes much of his 
success to those who have constituted his en- 
vironment, especially his parents and close 
friends, foremost of the latter being Hon. Alex- 
ander McLean, who, as Trustee of the Univer- 
sity of Illinois, kept in close touch with all 
of his boys, as he termed the youth of Mc- 
Donough County who attended that institution. 
This able and noble man radiated a cheerful 
and hajipy character, and one which inspired 
to self-development and great usefulness. 

POOL, Charles, a most creditable representa- 
tive of the younger element of the farmers 
of McDonough County, 111., was born in Fulton 
County, 111., in 1.S73, the son of John and 
Amanda (Ringelke) Pool, his father being a 
native of Fulton County, and his mother of the 
State of Wisconsin. Charles L. attended the 
district school in his boyhood, was reared on the 
farm, and has always followed farming as his 
occupation. In 1892, he moved from Fulton 
County to Warren County, 111., whence he came, 
in February, 1895, to McDonough County, and 
purchased a farm of IGO acres in Section 35, 
Bushnell Township, where he is engaged in gen- 
eral farming and stock-raising. 

In 1900, Mr. Pool was married to Monina 
Spur, who was born and received her education 
In Fulton County, 111. Mr. and Mrs. Pool have 
become the parents of two children, — Marion 
and Leota. 



PORTER, E. E.— A thrifty and successful 
demonstrator of the best methods of central 
western farming and stock-raising is found in 
E. E. Porter, since 1892 the owner of IGO acres 
of land on Section 33, Sciota- Township. Mr. 
Porter, who is the present Highway Commis- 
sioner of his township, was born on a farm in 
New Salem Township, McDonough County, in 
18G4, and was reared by his grandfather, Joseph 
E. Porter, who came in 185G from his native 
State of Massachusetts, and settled upon unim- 
proved land on Section 4, New Salem Town- 
ship. The descendant of hardy New England 
ancestors he patiently bent his energies to 
conquering the wilderness in which he located 
his rude home, and his reward for diligence and 
good judgment was long life, a competence, and 
the good will of his fellowmen. 

The average advantages of his time and place 
accompanied the growth to maturity of E. E. 
Porter. He has always been studiously inclined, 
and has added continually to the small store of 
knowledge acquired during the winter months 
in the township school. He lived with his 
grandfather until 1885, when he was married at 
Good Hope to Elizabeth Jane Balls, a native of 
New Salem Township, and daughter of J. and 
Mary Ann (Moore) Balls, the former of whom 
was born in England and the latter in Illinois. 
Mr. and Mrs. Porter are the parents of two 
children; a son, A. D., aged seventeen, and a 
daughter, Isola. aged ten years. 

After his marriage Mr. Porter lived for a 
time on the farm of Frank Crabb, north of Ma- 
comb, and later bought a farm on Section 21, 
Mound Township, east of Macomb, where he 
lived three years. Disposing of this property, 
he moved to Sciota Township, and in 1892 
bought his first eighty acres on Section 33, of 
Clint Moninger and John Tate, on Section 35, 
a little later purchasing an adjoining eighty 
acres. The improvements on the place at the 
time of purchase have many of them been sub- 
stituted by more modern facilities, special at- 
tention having been given to accomodations for 
high grade stock, than which no farm in the 
township has a better showing. Mr. Porter is 
a stock enthusiast, and has devoted many hours 
of practical research to the subject. Nothing 
but the finest of their kind are to be found 
on his farm, and his Poland-China hogs. Aber- 
deen Angus cattle and Norman horses, yield a 
large yearly income. 



984 



HISTORY OF McDOXOUGH COUNTY. 



Fraternally, Mr. Porter is connected with the 
Modern Woodmen and Royal Neighbors, and in 
religion, is a Methodist. He is a promoter of 
schools, churches, charities and wholesome di- 
versions, and in^ sympathy with all movements 
which tend to the betterment and enlighten- 
ment of his prosperous community. 

PRICE, Martin T., who is successfully en- 
gaged in the hardware business in Macomb, Mc- 
Donough County, 111., was born in Macomb De- 
cember 17, 1S71. His father, John M. Price, 
was a native of Tennessee and his mother, 
Sarah A. (Wilson) Price, was born at Colum- 
bus, Ohio. Mr. Price received his early educa- 
tion in the public school, and on the comple- 
tion of his schooling at the age of seventeen 
years, worked a year in the Macomb Wagon 
Factory. He was next employed in the hard- 
ware business by J. A. Smith, with whom he 
remained three years. Subsequently he worked 
six years on the South Side for R. R. Camp- 
bell, and after this engagement became identi- 
fied with the firm of Whitman and Price, of 
which he was a member for six years. He was 
at this period out of business for one year. 
On December S, 1904, Mr. Price purchased 
the hardware establishment of Roy Allen, and 
now handles a complete line of hardware, 
stoves, tinware and bicycles, also doing fur- 
nace work and keeping a general repair shop. 

The subject of this sketch is a young man of 
much energy and business capacity, and his 
trade bids fair to assume larger proportions 
as time advances. He is regarded by all as 
thoroughly reliable in his business dealings. 
Mr. Price was married October 6, 1897, to Es- 
telle Brooking, who was born and received her 
education in Macomb. Politically, he is a Dem- 
ocrat, and fraternally, is a member of the K. 
of P. 

PURDUM, Robert V., a well-known stationary 
engineer, of Macomb, 111., was born December 
15, 1S53, in Schuyler County, 111. He is a son 
of Samuel and Elizabeth (Tullis) Purdum. His 
father was a native of Maryland, and his 
mother was born in Ross County, Ohio. His 
paternal grandfather was Walter Purdum, and 
his grandfather on the mother's side, John Tul- 
lis, born in Ohio. Samuel Purdum, who was a 
farmer, came to McDonough County in 1835. 
Robert V. Purdum was the third of seven chil- 



dren born to his parents. He lived with them 
on the farm in Schuyler County until he was 
twenty-one years of age, attending the common 
school when opportunity offered. Then he came 
to McDonough County and worked at farming 
until 1888, when he located at Macomb and 
was employed as a carpenter for three years, 
as janitor of the Second Ward school house. 
He served on the night police force tor twenty 
months, and at the end of that period (January 
1, 1901), became engineer of the Macomb Elec- 
tric Light and Gas Company, where he still 
continues. In March, 1897, he was assigned to 
the duty of a guard in the election contest at 
Springfield, 111., and continued thus for two 
months. 

On September 5, 1883, Mr. Purdum was mar- 
ried to Laura J. Wilcox, who was born in Scot- 
land Township. McDonough County, and there 
received her schooling. Five children were born 
of this union, namely: Walter R., Bertha B., 
Lena E., John A. and Mary F. In politics, Mr. 
Purdum Is an active Republican. He was 
elected Alderman of the Third Ward in Macomb 
in 1903. and for eight years served as a mem- 
ber of the Republican Central Committee. His 
religious connection is with the Methodist Epis- 
copal Church. Fraternally, he is a member of 
the Court of Honor, Knights of Pythias and 
Loyal Americans. The subject of this sketch 
is one of the most public-spirited and useful 
citizens of Macomb, and is widely respected. 

PURDUM, Samuel. — One of the oldest farmers 
in Lamoine Township, McDonough County, 111., 
in point of residence, and one of the most 
worthy, is the subject of this sketch. He is the 
son of Samuel and Rebecca (Brown) Purdum, 
who were born, respectively, in Maryland and 
Ohio. Samuel Purdum is a native of Indiana, 
where he was born in Hamilton County, Octo- 
ber 29, 1837. and was brought to McDonough 
County by his parents in the fall of 1838. His 
mother died when he was four years of age, 
and he was brought up by a step-mother, re- 
ceiving his education in the schools of McDon- 
ough and Schuyler Counties. At the age of 
twenty-one years he started out to make his own 
living, and worked a year at the carpenter's 
trade. In July. 1861, he enlisted in Company 
C, Fifty-ninth Regiment Illinois Volunteer In- 
fantry, in which he served until December 1, 
1865, being mustered out as Second Lieutenant. 




n 





HISTORY OF Mcdonough couxty. 



985 



He participated in many of the most important 
engagements of the war and was never wound- 
ed. After his discharge from the service he 
returned home and was married a month later. 
He bought forty acres of land where he now 
lives, on which there was a saw-mill, which he 
operated for eighteen years. At the end of 
that period he engaged in farming, and has 
thus continued ever since. He has made addi- 
tions to his land until the farm now consists of 
114 acres. 

On February 25, 186G, Mr. Purdum was mar- 
ried to Cornelia J. Rigsby, who was born and 
schooled in Schuyler County. 111. The following 
children resulted from this union, namely: 
Hattie, Ella (Mrs. Edward Hendrickson) ; Theo- 
dore, who died in infancy; Myrtle (Mrs. An- 
derson Ward); Catherine (Mrs. E. J. Blodett) ; 
Josie Ann. who died at the age of two years; 
and Edith Kerma, who is at home. Mr. and 
Mrs. Purdum have reared a nephew, born in 
March, 1SS9, a child of Mrs. Purdum's sister. 
since he was seven months old. In religious be- 
lief, Mr. Purdum is an adherent of the Metho- 
dist Episcopal Church. In political connection, 
he is a Republican. His fraternal relations are 
with the A. F. & A. M. and the G. A. R. 

QUINN, John (deceased), formerly a well- 
known farmer in Macomb Township, McDon- 
ough County, 111., was born in County Tyrone, 
Ireland, in the year 1834, and was a son of 
, Francis Quinn, a native of the some country. 
Mr. Quinn attended public school in his native 
land, and came to the United States in 1848. 
landing in New York City, where he worked in 
a whalebone factory for four years. He then 
came to Peoria, 111., and was employed for 
seven years as trainmaster on the Chicago. 
Burlington & Quincy Railroad. In 1859 he 
moved to Macomb, where he worked as a labor- 
er until 1873. At that period he bought eighty 
acres of land in Section 20, Macomb Township, 
where he carried on farming during the re- 
mainder of his life. He died February 15, 1901. 
On .lanuary 15, 1855, Mr. Quinn was married 
to Mary Savage, who was born and schooled in 
County Down, Ireland. The children resulting 
from this union were: Charles, Mary E. (Mrs. 
Charles McKee), Nellie (deceased), Jane (Mrs. 
W. Purdy), Francis E., Alice T., John, and 
Robert, who is at home. Religiously, Mr. Quinn 
was a Catholic, as are his widow and the other 
24 



members of his family. In poli'ics. he was a 
Democrat. Since his death, Mrs. Quinn and 
one of her sons have managed the farm. 

RABY, Jacob, a well-known farmer of In- 
dustry and Scotland Townships, McDonough 
County, 111., was born on a farm in Ashland 
County, Ohio, July 23, 1862, and there received 
his youthful instruction in the district schools. 
He is a son of Jacob and Sarah (Sharp) Raby, 
the former a native of Pennsylvania, and the 
latter, of Ohio. The paternal grandfather was 
William Ruby. 

Jacob Raby was the fourth of five children 
born to his parents, four boys and one girl. In 
1883. he came to McDonough County and 
worked one year. Returning to his father's 
farm he assisted him for one season, after which 
he spent four months in Nebraska. He then 
came and settled down to farming. Two years 
after his marriage he bought fifty-seven and 
one-half acres of farming land, to which he 
mado additions when convenient, until he is 
now the owner of 292 acres, twenty-eight acres 
of which are in timber. Of this farm fifty-seven 
and one-half acres lie in Scotland Township, 
115 in Industry Township and the remainder 
in Shelby County, Mo. 

On July 28, 188C, the subject of this sketch 
was united in marriage with Julia Harlan, who 
was horn and schooled in New Salem Township. 
Seven children have resulted from this union, 
as follows: Guy, George, Earl, Mary, Emma, 
Nellie and Ivan. The subject of this sketch is 
a Democrat in politics, and is fraternally identi- 
fied with the I. O. 0. F. He is an industrious 
and thrifty farmer and a worthy citizen. 

RANDOLPH, Benjamin Franklin (deceased), 
formerly the well-known i)roprietor of a boot 
and shoe store in Macomb, McDonough County, 
111., was born on a farm near Delphi, Ind., 
March 10, 1843. He was a son of Reuben and 
Elizabeth Randolph, natives of Virginia, and 
was among the older children of a family of 
eight born to his parents. Mr. Randolph at- 
tended the public schools in his neighborhood 
and pursued a subsequent course of study in 
Delphi College. At the breaking out of the Civil 
War in 18fil, he left college to enlist in the 
Forty-si.\th Regiment Indiana Volunteer Infan- 
try, In which he served four years as a fifer, 
being engaged in all the battles participated 



986 



HISTORY OF Mcdonough county. 



in by his regiment. He then came to Macomb, 
111., where he was employed for a short time 
as clerk in a dry-goods store with his brother, 
J. H. Randolph, who is now in business in 
Fort Scott, Kans., and later being engaged in the 
shoe business. In 1867 he bought the shoe busi- 
ness of his father-in-law, Charles M. Ray, and 
conducted it until the time of his death, which 
occurred July 26, 1902. The store is still op- 
erated by his widow, in conjunction with her 
son James, and her brother, Dwight E. Ray. 

The subject of this sketch was united in mar- 
riage August 10, 1868, with Fannie Ray, who was 
born in Rushvllle, Schuyler County, 111., and 
received her education in a private school in 
Macomb. The children born to Mr. and Mrs. 
Randolph were: Ray, who died at the age of 
twenty-four; James H., of Macomb, who mar- 
ried Louise Aldridge; Maude and Louisa D. 
Mrs. Randolph's parents, Charles and Mary 
(Dean) Ray, were natives of Utica, N. Y. Her 
maternal grandparents, John and Lucinda M. 
(Dean) Dean, were born in the same State, as 
were also Phineas and Amelia Ray. the paternal 
grandparents. Politically, Mr. Randolph was a 
Republican and served as Alderman of the Sec- 
ond Ward of Macomb. In religious belief he 
was a Universalist, and fraternally, was con- 
nected with the G. A. R. and K. of P. In all the 
relations of life Mr. Randolph was a most exem- 
plary man. and he was highly esteemed 
throughout the community. 

RANDOLPH, William Harrison (deceased), pre- 
vious to and during the Civil War. one of the 
most conspicuous among the historic characters 
of McDonough County, 111., was born in Leb- 
anon, Ohio, August 20, 1813, a son of David 
and Rebecca (Sutphin) Randolph, who moved 
from Lexington, Ky., to Ohio at an early period. 
On coming to Illinois, they first located at 
Rushville, whence they moved to Macomb. 
David Randolph, the father, followed farming 
throughout his life, and William H. was reared 
on the farm. In youth he received his mental 
training in the common schools of Lebanon, 
Ohio, and for some time afterward continued 
to assist his father in farming. His first 
venture in Macomb was in the grocery busi- 
ness, to which he subsequently added a line of 
dry-goods. At a later period he built the Ran- 
dolph Hotel, which he conducted for about 
twenty years. He also built the residence 



which his widow, at the advanced age of 
eighty-eight years, now occupies. He laid out 
Oakwood Cemetery, donating it in part to Mc- 
Donough County. Although he paid close at- 
tention to his business affairs, he did not neg- 
lect recreation and his leisure trips covered a 
good part of the United States. In the Civil 
War, Mr. Randolph was with the troops at 
Quincy, 111., and while in the discharge of his 
duties as Provost Martial, he was killed at 
Blandinsville. McDonough County. 

Mr. Randolph was married in Macomb, De- 
cember 6, 1S37, to Matilda Jane Brooking, now 
familiarly know as Aunt Jane Randolph. Her 
father was a resident of Richmond, Va., and 
the home of her mother, whose maiden name 
was Mary Louisa Sthleshley, was in Lexington, 
Ky. Mr. and Mrs. Randolph had no offspring, 
but reared several adopted children, including 
some of Mr. Randolph's brother's, namely: 
James; John, who died February 12, 18.58; 
Frank, deceased; and Rebecca, who died Sep- 
tember 26, 1870. Among others thus adopted 
were Jennie Cook, and Rosetta, who died a 
widow, July 4, 1S52. 

In politics, Mr. Randolph was an active and 
influential Republican. He served two terms 
(1844-48) as Representative in the State Leg- 
islature, and was Clerk of the County Court. 
He was also Tax Collector, and was twice 
elected Sheriff of McDonough County. He was 
not a church member, but it was his custom 
to attend divine worship. In many respects 
Mr. Randolph was a remarkable man. While 
suave in deportment and of genial disposi- 
tion, ho was resolute and determined in the 
discharge of any trust imposed upon him in an 
official position. Danger he confronted, undis- 
mayed, and obstacles did not check him in the 
performance of duty. With the business and 
social interests of Macomb he was probably 
as ])rominently identified as any man of his 
time. 

RAYBURN, W. H., a prominent and success- 
ful farmer of Industry Township, McDonough 
County, 111., as also an extensive stock-raiser, 
was born in Kentucky, November 16, 1836, a 
son of Henry and Elizabeth (Walker) Ray burn, 
natives of Kentucky, who came to Petersburg, 
Menard County, 111., when he was but a child. 
Henry Rayburn was a carpenter and farmer by 
occupation. He moved to Pleasant Plains, San- 



HISTORY OF McDOXOUGH COUXTY. 



98 



/ 



gamon County, III., when his son \V. H., was 
ten years old, and there lived on a farm for 
three years. Then he moved to Cass County, 
111., where he occupied rented farms for six 
years. He was a Justice of the Peace, and also 
served twelve years as Postmaster of Virginia 
in that county. There he died, his wife having 
passed away at Pleasant Plains. 

The subject of this sketch was the third of 
a family of eight children born to his parents. 
In boyhood he attended the district schools in 
the vicinity of his home and, after pursuing a 
four years' course of study in college and Con- 
ference, at the age of twenty-two years, was 
ordained to the ministry of the Methodist Epis- 
copal Church and admitted to the Illinois Con- 
ference. His first charge was at Mahomet, Cham- 
paign County, 111., where he remained one year. 
He then took the pastorate at Chaney's Grove 
and traveled upon six circuits in seven years, in 
all. He then resigned from the ministry and 
became an extensive traveler, crossing the 
ocean seventy times. While visiting friends 
at Industry, 111., he bought land in that vicin- 
ity to the extent of SOO acres, which he uses 
for stock-raising and general farming. He 
raises Shorthorn cattle. Hackney horses, draft 
horses and feeds cattle and hogs. He has im- 
ported draft sires, Clydes and other breeding 
horses, to a considerable extent. 

On .June 20, 1895, Mr. Rayburn was united 
in marriage with Emma Cook Wilkerson, and 
their union resulted in one child, Bretina E. M. 
Politically. Mr. Rayburn supports the policies 
of the Rei)ublican party. Fraternally, he is 
affiliated with the I. O. O. F. He is a man of 
high intelligence and broad information and, 
in his present sphere of effort, is doing much 
to maintain the reputation of McDonough 
County as a source of high grade horses and 
cattle. 

REXROAT, Edgar L., the proprietor of a suc- 
cessful livery stable in Macomb, McDonough 
County, 111., was born in McDonough County, 
May 8, 1872. a son of James M. and Jane (Mey- 
ers) Rexroat, whose biographical record ap- 
pears elsewhere in this volume. In his boy- 
hood Mr. Rexroat attended the public school, 
and at the age of twenty-one years started in 
the livery business in partnership with Oliver 
Thompson, at the stand where he is at present 
located. Two years later he sold out and was 



engaged in farming in Scotland Township for 
eight years. He then entered a second time 
into partnership with Mr. Thompson, and in 
April, 1904, purchased his partner's interest be- 
coming sole proprietor. He keeps fourteen 
horses and in addition does a general livery 
and feed business, conducting his place in a 
careful and painstaking manner and enjoying 
a good patronage. He now has the best rigs 
in the county. 

On May 17, 1895, the subject of this sketch, 
was united in marriage with Ella Curnow, 
who was born and schooled in McDonough 
County. Two children, Delbert and Dale, have 
resulted from this union. Politically, Mr. Rex- 
roat is a Republican, and fraternally, is a mem- 
ber of the M. W. A. Mrs. Rexroat is a daugh- 
ter of Richard and Sarah (Haddock) Curnow, 
her parents being natives of England. They 
came to McDonough County in the '60s, where 
the father was engaged in mining until his 
death. The mother now resides with Mr. 
Rexroat. 

REXROAT, Granville R., a prominent and 
highly- esteemed citizen of Macomb, 111., and 
for many years a prosperous farmer in Scotland 
Township, was born in Russell County, Ky., 
October 11, 1839, a son of Peter and Mournen 
(Hopper) Rexroat. who were born, respectively, 
in Philadelphia. Pa., and Richmond, Va. The 
grandfather, Adam Rexroat. was a native of 
Germany. Granville R. Rexroat received his 
education in the public schools of Illinois and 
Iowa. He came to Morgan County, 111., with 
his parents, where they remained eighteen 
months. The family then removed to the vicin- 
ity of Burlington, la., where they spent five 
years. In 1853 they came to Scotland Town- 
shij). McDonough County, where the father 
bought a farm. The subject of this sketch lived 
with his parents there until his marriage, when 
he purchased a farm in Scotland Township. 
The father died in 1875, the mother having 
passed away in 1S73. Mr. Rexroat continued to 
live on the place, engaged in general farming 
and stock-raising. The farm at first consisted 
of about 300 acres which has been increased 
to 3.S0 acres, 100 acres of which lie in New 
Salem Township. When Mr. Rexroat gave up 
active work, he bought a residence on South 
McArthur Street, Macomb, where he now lives 
in retirement. Although keeping aloof from 



988 



HISTORY OF Mcdonough county. 



business endeavors, he has not lost his interest 
in public affairs, in regard to which he is well 
informed, and whatever tends to promote the 
welfare of the community receives his careful 
consideration and ready support. 

Mr. Rexroat was married in September, 1865, 
to Mary A. Baldock, who was born In Casey 
County, Ky., and educated in the public schools 
of Illinois and Missouri. Ten children have 
blessed this union, namely: Verinda, Alice M., 
Hettie V.. Eliza A., Minnie, Delia, James, 
Everett, Herman and Harry. Mrs. Rexroat's 
parents were John P. and Patsie (Riggins) 
Baldock, natives of Kentucky. Her grandpar- 
ents on the paternal and maternal sides were 
William and Sarah (Pinix) Baldock, and David 
and Polly Riggins, who were also born in that 
State. Mr. Rexroat is a Republican in politics, 
has held the office of Assessor of Scotland Town- 
ship, and served as School Director there from 
the time of his marriage until his removal to 
Macomb. He is a consistent member of the 
Methodist Episcopal Church. 

REXROAT, J. H.— The qualities of industry 
and common sense, so essential to the success- 
ful conduct of a farm, find expression in the 
life of J. H. Rexroat, representative of one of 
the pioneer families of McDonough County, 
and owner of a valuable farm of 350 acres in 
Emmet Township. James Rexroat, the father 
of J. H., was born in Kentucky, a son of Peter 
Rexroat, an early settler in the Bourbon State, 
while his mother's maiden name was Jane 
Moyers, a native of Iowa. The Rexroats were 
typical early settlers, not only because they had 
little when they came here, but because they 
were persevering and hopeful, and counted no 
sacrifice too great to achieve their purpose 
in life. They were frugal in their expenditure 
and simple in their tastes, and their children 
were taught to use their hands, and make 
themselves useful in house and field. There 
were twelve children in all, and J. H., who had 
both older and younger brothers and sisters, 
was born In Scotland Township, McDonough 
County, April 24, 1862. Mr. Rexroat remained 
under the family roof until his twenty-first 
year, when he went to Clay County, Neb., 
where he became owner of a farm and lived 
thereon for several years. Returning to Mc- 
Donough County, he bought a farm near In- 
dustry, but two years later sold It and pur- 



chased a farm near by, occupying the same for 
five years. As on the previous occasion, he 
sold this property at an advantageous figure, 
and bought his present large farm, to which 
he contemplates making additions in the near 
future. While a general farmer in the broad- 
est sense of the word, Mr. Rexroat malies a 
specialty of stock, purchasing, raising, feeding 
and selling the same in large numbers. He 
is very progressive in his methods, has abund- 
ant facilities for conducting his farm along 
modern lines, and avails himself of the best 
knowledge obtainable from private sources, the 
agricultural colleges, and late periodicals. 

In 1884 Mr. Rexroat was united In marriage 
to Viola Greenup, who owes her nativity to 
McDonough County, and who was educated In 
its public schools. Mr. and Mrs. Rexroat are 
the parents of eight children: Lewis, Ruby, 
Leroy, Lee, Mae, Ethel, Bessie and James. 

The promotion of scientific agriculture con- 
stitutes an absorbing, but by no means the only 
interest of Mr. Rexroat. His strong person- 
ality, pronounced and practical views upon im- 
portant questions and large fund of general in- 
formation render him an important factor in 
many avenues of local enterprise. He Is stanch- 
ly devoted to the Republican party, and while 
in the main opposed to office holding, served 
two years as Supervisor of Emmet Township. 
He Is an appreciator of the moral and general 
benefits which arise from connection with time- 
honored fraternal organizations, and is a mem- 
ber of long standing of the Masons, Independent 
Order of Odd Fellows, and the Modern Wood- 
men of .America. The energetic and forceful 
spirit of the Middle West finds an intelligent 
exponent in this well-known farmer, who has 
never contracted the habit of resting on his 
laurels, but who pushes unceasingly forward 
to better agricultural, educational, social and 
moral conditions. 

REXROAT, James M., a retired farmer re- 
siding in Macomb, 111., and justly regarded 
as one of the most worthy and substantial cit- 
izens of the place, was born in southeastern 
Kentucky, in January, 1828, and received his 
education in the subscription schools. He is 
a son of Peter and Mournen (Hopper) Rexroat, 
the former a native of Pennsylvania, and the 
latter of Kentucky. Adam Rexroat. the pa- 
ternal grandfather, was born in Germany, and 




J^JfsZkjtJM^u^^^.^ 



HISTORY OF McDOXOUGH COUXTY. 



989 



the grandfather on the maternal side, William 
Hopper, was a native of South Carolina. Mr. 
Rexroat is the oldest of six children born to 
his parents. At the age of nineteen years he 
came to Morgan County, 111., where he was 
employed for two years at farming, by the 
month. He then rented a farm in Iowa for 
three years. In 1S53 he came to Scotland 
Township, McDonough County, and bought 160 
acres of land, which he improved. Ihere he 
was engaged in farming and stock-raising until 
1885, when he moved to Macomb and built a 
fine residence, where he lives in comfortable 
retirement. In 1873 Mr. Rexroat went to 
France, to secure blooded stallions for breeding 
purposes on his farm, and in 1881 and 1882 
visited France and England for the same pur- 
pose. He became widely noted as a breeder of 
fine horses, dealing in Norman, English and 
Clyde stock. He started in this line in 1870, 
under the firm name of Rexroat, Moore & 
Westfall, and bought out his partners in 1873. 
He is now the owner of 320 acres of excellent 
farm land. 

Mr. Rexroat has been twice married. His 
first wife was Jane Mover, who was born and 
schooled in Illinois, and whom he married in 
1850. She died in 1892, and in November, 1895, 
he was married to Dora Manlove, who was 
born and schooled near Rushville, 111. He is 
the father of ten children, namely: Lawson, 
Eliza, Winfield F., William, Sarah, .lordan, Tel- 
lus, Robert, Lee and Frederick, all living. Po- 
litically, the subject of this sketch is a Repub- 
lican, and has filled all the township offices 
with marked credit to himself and usefulness 
to the public. Fraternally, he is a member 
of the Masonic Order, — Morse Chapter No. 19, 
and Macomb Lodge No. 17. In religious faith, 
he is an adherent of the Methodist Episcopal 
Church. Mr. Rexroafs sons are also members 
of the Masonic fraternity. 

REXROAT, Lawson T. — Among the most sub- 
stantial farmers in Scotland Township, Mc- 
Donough County, 111., is the subject of this 
sketch, who was born in Des Moines County, 
Iowa, July 5, 1854, a son of James M. and Jane 
(Moyers) Rexroat. the father being a native 
of Russell County, Ky., and the mother, of 
Green County. 111. Grandfathers Peter Rex- 
roat and Jacob Moyers were natives of Penn- 



sylvania. Mr. Rexroat is the eldest of twelve 
children, of whom ten were boys. Of these, all 
but two of the boys are still living. When he 
was two years of age his parents moved to Mc- 
Donough County and settled on a farm in Scot- 
land Township, where he lived until he was 
twenty-three years old. During this period he 
attended the public and Branch Normal schools. 
At the time of his marriage, he bought IGO 
acres of land in Sections 23 and 24, Scotland 
Township, to which he moved and which he oc- 
cupied about eighteen years. To this property 
he added until its extent reached 320 acres. On 
one of the additional tracts purchased, he built 
a house, into which he moved in 1893. He 
raises cattle, hogs, etc., and does a considerable 
amount of feeding. His main crop is corn, for 
use as feed for his stock. 

On September 2, 1875, Mr. Rexroat was united 
in marriage with Mintie A. Rexroat, who was 
born in Morgan County, 111., and there attended 
public school in her girlhood. Four children 
were the offspring of this union, namely: 
Lela (Mrs. Albert Rurnham), Alta, Mary and 
Carrie. 

In politics, the subject of this sketch is 
ranked with the Republicans. For the past six 
years he has served as Township Assessor, and 
held the office of Supervisor for one term; that 
of Road Commissioner one term; School Di- 
rector one term, and School Trustee several 
terms. In religion, he professes the faith of the 
Methodist Episcopal Church. In fraternal cir- 
cles, he is affiliated with the A. F. & A. M., 
M. W. A., and Mystic Workers. 

During the battle of Stone River, when Mr. 
Rexroat was but nine years old, he rode a mule 
each evening to Macomb to get the news. In 
this incident are manifest the activity and 
pushing spirit which have characterized his 
subsequent years. 

REXROAT, William H., a well-known, pros- 
perous and substantial farmer of Scotland 
Township, McDonough County, 111., was born 
in that township December 10, 1859, and there, 
in boyhood, attended the district school. He Is 
a son of James M. and Jane (Moyer) Rex- 
roat, whose father was a native of Kentucky, 
and her mother of Iowa. His parents came 
from Iowa to Illinois in 1849, and his father 
bought a farm in Sections 11, 12 and 14, Scot- 



990 



HISTORY OF Mcdonough county. 



land Township, where he lived until 1S90, when 
he retired from active labors and moved to 
Macomb. 

The subject of this sketch was the fifth of 
twelve children born to his parents, ten of whom 
were boys. At the age of twenty-two years, 
he rented a farm in Scotland Township on 
which he remained two years. In the fall of 
1884 he went to Saline County, Neb., and built 
a house on a farm belonging to his father. 
There he raised three crops and then traded 
the farm for a livery barn in Wilbur, the 
county-seat of Saline County. After conduct- 
ing the stable about two years, he sold out. 
and returning to Scotland Township rented a 
farm. After a while he bought eighty acres of 
land in Industry Township, the same county, 
where he lived two years. He then sold out 
and bought eighty acres in Section 26, Scotland 
Township, and two years later bought ninety 
acres more adjoining the first purchase on the 
east. In 1905 he bought sixty-five acres addi- 
tional, east adjoining. He carries on general 
farming and raises cattle and hogs. 

On November 10. 1880, Mr. Rexroat was 
united In marriage with Mary F. Landis, who 
was born in Schuyler County, 111., where, In 
girlhood, she attended the district schools. 
From this union resulted two children, namely: 
Everett A., born in Scotland Township Feb- 
ruary 3, 1883; Bertha S. (Mrs. James G. Kirk- 
patrick), born August 10, 1886, and married 
May 24, 1905, in Saline County, Neb. In poli- 
tics, Mr. Rexroat is an active Republican. He 
served as Assessor one term, and has been 
elected to the same oiflce for the year 1906. 
Fraternally, he is affiliated with the A. F. & A. 
M.. and the M. W. A. He is a progressive farm- 
er, personally popular and one of the most 
prominent and influential men in his township. 

REYNOLDS, (Rev.) John C. (deceased), a long- 
time preacher of the Gospel in McDonough 
County, 111., and one of the most profoimdly 
respected citizens of that county, where his 
evangelical work was recognized for many 
years as highly efficient, was born In Hart 
County, Ky., December 15. 1825, and in his 
later years was one of the oldest minis- 
ters in McDonough County. Six years of 
his ministerial career were spent as a pastor 
In Abingdon, Knox County, 111., and during the 
period from 1859 to 1S69 he preached regularly 



in Macomb, his pastoral relations being with 
the Christian Church. 

Mr. Reynolds was widely known as a ready and 
forceful exponent of dogmatic theology, and 
was one of the principals in several public 
debates on religious issues, then warmly con- 
tested. Among them was his debate with Elder 
Wilson, which continued from March 5, to 
March 15, 1860; his spirited and instructive 
controversial meeting with Elder Hughes, at 
Table Grove, 111., In 1869; and his subsequent 
public discussions with Elder Ritchie, at Bed- 
ford, and Rev. Mr. Francis, at Browning, in 
the same State. Of these opponents, he recalled 
Elder Ritchie as being the most candid in 
argument. On November 9, 1851, Mr. Reynolds 
was united in marriage with Sarah F. Mead- 
ows, and four children resulted from their 
union, namely: Mary (Mrs. Hoskins), James, 
John, and Malinda E. (Mrs. Walling). Al- 
though he reached more than four-score years, 
Mr. Reynolds retained to the end. which came 
February 14, 1906, much of that pristine vigor 
of mind and body which characterized his early 
pulpit efforts. His long-extended life was sig- 
nalized by unwavering zeal in the cause of his 
Divine Master, and was replete with usefulness 
to his fellowman. To many who were familiar 
with his later pastoral career, he will be re- 
membered as an object of deep respect and 
warm regard. 

RHODES, Frederick P., proprietor of a livery 
stable and feed barn in Colchester, McDonough 
County, HI., was born in Colchester, March 23, 
1860, and in his youth attended the public 
schools of the town. His parents were Ebe- 
nezer Rhodes, and Elizabeth (Newland) 
Rhodes, the former born in McLean County, 
111., and the latter a native of England. The 
paternal grandfather was Samuel Rhodes, and 
the maternal grandparents were Abraham and 
Sarah (Porter) Newland. natives of England. 

Frederick P. Rhodes is the third of a family 
of eight children, six of whom were boys. 
When ten years old he began working in the 
coal mines, and continued thus for two years. 
At the age of fifteen years he was employed as 
a janitor and also mined coal. He next worked 
at the carpenter's and painter's trades, and in 
the winter months was in the employ of a Mr. 
Stevens in the poultry business. Afterward 
he worked five years in Farmer & Son's general 




RICHARD STIRE 



HISTORY OF Mcdonough county. 



991 



store. This position he gave up October 3, 
1899, and engaged in buying and selling poul- 
try. On March 1, 1903, he sold out and estab- 
lished himself in the livery business, conduct- 
ing also a feed barn. 

On December 13, 1883, Mr. Rhodes was mar- 
ried to Carrie Whipple, who was born in the 
State of Massachusetts and received her early 
education in the public schools of Macomb, III. 
Seven children are the offspring of this union, 
as follows: Xeffa E., Nellie A., Porter M.. Gay- 
letta U., Earl H.. Cecil C. and .Mary M. In 
politics, Mr. Rhodes gives his support to the 
Republican party, and fraternally, is affiliated 
with the I. O. O. F., K. of P., Rebekahs, Court 
of Honor, and the Mutual Protective League. 

RINK, Isaac C, D. D. S.— He who would suc- 
ceed in dentistry at the beginning of the twen- 
tieth century is a long way removed from his 
prototype of even a decade ago. In no branch 
of human endeavor have there been greater 
strides, nor is there any occupation more di- 
rectly responsible for good health and good ap- 
pearance, those greatest aids to human happi- 
ness and human achievement. Eternal vigi- 
lance sits at the elbow of the dental operator, 
and, if he would defy competition, demands of 
him high pressure attention to the signs of the 
times. Art, science and mechanical ingenuity 
beckon him with their alluring possibilities. 
One of his chief compensations is the possibility 
of invention, or the chance to do something a 
little better than has thus far been accom- 
plished. The ability to see and grasp these 
advantages in a business of such universal im- 
portance differentiates the unambitious plod- 
der from his more promising and often famous 
fellow practitioner. Dr. Isaac C. Rink, of Bush- 
nell, is one of the men who, while he has gained 
laurels of a practical and satisfying kind, is 
never content to depend upon them alone, but 
pushes forward so persistently that his practice 
extends beyond the limits of both town and 
county, and Includes the most exclusive and ex- 
acting of patrons. 

Dr. Rink"s profession is a direct departure 
from that fostered by his early surroundings 
and followed by several generations of his fore- 
fathers. He was born on a farm near Indiana, 
Indiana County, Pa.. September 10, 1S67, a son 
of George and Nancy Rink, farmers and large 
landowners of Indiana County. Dr. Rink 



started his education In that great school of 
human equality, the district institution, and 
thereafter attended the State Normal School, 
at Indiana, Pa. His professional training was 
obtained at the Baltimore College of Dental 
Surgery, Baltimore, Md.. and he subsequently 
has added greatly to his knowledge through 
post-graduate work, and conventions held by 
his fellow practitioners. He began his inde- 
pendent life in Bushnell. and from the first his 
work was of such a character as to insure its 
permanency and extension. 

Dr. Rink was married May 31, 1899, to Miss 
Susan Nance, a daughter of Dr. H. H. and 
Susan (Rinker) Nance, and they have one 
daughter, Josephine. Mrs. Rink Is a graduate 
of the Bushnell High School and of the "West- 
ern Illinois College" of Bushnell, 111., and is 
also an accomi)lished musician. Dr. H. H. 
Nance is a native of Vermont, 111., and his wife 
of Ohio, their marriage taking place in Illi- 
nois. They resided for a time at Vermont, 111., 
where Dr. Nance was engaged in the general 
practice of medicine until about 1866, when 
they removed to Bushnell, where they still re- 
side, the Doctor having retired from his pro- 
fession. Mrs. Rink is the youngest of a family 
of five children — two sons and three daughters 
— all living. Dr. Rink is a prominent and in- 
fluential member of the Methodist Episcopal 
Church, having been connected with that de- 
nomination since his boyhood, and in which he 
is an active worker. He is also prominent in 
the social life of his home city, and is highly 
esteemed not only for his professional acumen 
and skill, but also for his tact, courtesy, gen- 
tleness of manner and for his high moral char- 
acter and purposeful alms In life. 

RISSER, P., one of the most successful farm- 
ers and stock-raisers of McDonough County, III., 
was born in Ashland County, Ohio, on February 
3, 1838, and there in boyhood received his 
mental training in the public schools. He is 
a son of .lacob and Elizabeth (Snyder) Risser, 
natives of Germany, being the seventh in a 
family of ten children. The parents both died 
In Ashland County, where the father was en- 
gaged in farming. Mr. Risser came to McDon- 
ough County about the year 1862, and located 
in Blandinsvllle Township. In 1869 he made 
his first purchase of land, buying 11.5 acres in 
Hire Township from Nathan Hensley. He now 



992 



HISTORY OF .McDOXOUGH COUNTY. 



owns 490 acres in all — 133 acres in Section 35, 
Blandinsville Township, and the remainder in 
Sections 2" and 3, Hire Township. He has al- 
ways followed farming and stock-raising, and 
feeds large numbers of cattle. He has made 
the greater portion of the improvements on 
his land. 

On November 1. 1S66, Mr. Risser was married 
to Ora Locke, who was born near Burr Oak, 
Ind., on October 22, 1S4S. Her parents, Thomas 
and Grissella (Gardner) Locke, were natives 
of Pennsylvania, while her grandparents were 
horn in Germany. The six children of this 
union were: Hattie (Mrs. W. K. Quinn), who 
resides in Blandinsville Township; Lillian 
(Mrs. J. E. Stickle), who lives near Bushnell: 
Clara (Mrs. W. M. Welsh), also a resident of 
Blandinsville Township; Florence; Gillman T. 
and Ruby. In politics, Mr. Risser is a Repub- 
lican, and fraternally, is identified with the A. 
F. & A. M. — both lodge and chapter. 

ROARK, M. E., a well-known merchant of 
Macomb, McDonough County, 111., who is en- 
gaged in the clothing and gents' furnishing 
business, was born in Chalmers Township, that 
county, in February, 1871, a son of James and 
Katherine (McGinnis) Roark, natives of County 
Down, Ireland. His maternal grandfather, Pat- 
rick McGinnis, was also a native of that coun- 
ty. James Roark, on landing in the United 
States, located first in New Jersey. Thence, in 
1858, he came west to Illinois, where he worked 
about until his marriage, and then purchased 
a farm. He and his wife were the parents of 
ten children, of whom the subject of thi's 
sketch was the fourth in order of birth. 

M. E. Roark received his early education In 
the public and Macomb normal schools, and 
completed his studies at the age of twenty-one 
years. Then after teaching school one year, he 
worked as a clerk in stores in Macomb for 
some time. In 1898 he established himself in 
the clothing and gents' furnishing business. 
having bought the stock of G. F. Mosser. To 
this he has added considerably from time to 
time, and now handles a very complete line of 
desirable goods, and commands a profitable 
patronage. 

ROARK, Patrick D., a popular and prosperous 
druggist of Macomb, 111., was born in McDon- 
ough County, in October, 1866. His parents, 



James and Katherine (McGinnis) Roark, were 
natives of County Down, Ireland, and his grand- 
father on the maternal side, Patrick McGinnis, 
was also a native of County Down. James 
Roark came to the United States and, in 1858, 
journeyed from New Jersey to Illinois, where 
he worked in different places until his mar- 
riage, when he bought a farm. He was the 
father of ten children. Mr. Roark received his 
education in the public and normal schools, 
and obtained his professional instruction in the 
Chicago College of Pharmacy, which he attend- 
ed for eight months when he was twenty-one 
years old, working in that city for a few months 
thereafter. He gave up his position In Chicago 
on account of ill health, and returned to Ma- 
comb, where he spent a year in the employ of 
Mr. Stinson. In 1S93 he purchased the Delaney 
drug store, situated at No. 118 north side of the 
public square, which he has since conducted 
successfully. He keeps a full line of drugs, and 
bears an excellent reputation as a careful com- 
pounder of prescriptions. His reliability and 
close attention to business have secured for 
him a good patronage, which is increasing from 
year to year. 

The subject of this sketch was married in 
February, 1891, to Helen Olker. who was born 
in Kenosha, Wis., and received her mental cul- 
ture in the public schools and the convent at 
Quincy, 111. Mr. and Mrs. Roark have one child, 
Mary Katherine, who was born in December, 
1902. Politically, Mr. Roark is a Democrat, 
and fraternally, is affiliated with the Knights 
of Pythias and National Union. He and his 
wife are consistent members of the Catholic 
Church. 

ROBERTS, Robert, one of the most extensive 
and prosperous farmers and stock-raisers in 
McDonough County. 111., was born at Bonn- 
hill, Dumbartonshire, Scotland, May 18, 1856. 
He is a son of William and Mary (Nimmo) 
Roberts, also natives of Scotland. Mr. Roberts 
is of a family of twelve children and came to 
the United States with his parents, who set- 
tled in Scotland Township, McDonough County, 
when he was thirteen years old. He had at- 
tended school in Scotland, completing his edu- 
cation in the public school in the vicinity of 
his new home. At the age of fifteen years he 
started out to work on a farm by the month, 
and in the spring preceding his twentieth birth- 




C. p. SWEENEY AND FAMILY 



HISTURV Ul- AicUOiXOUGH CUU.XTV. 



993 



(lay had saved $G0O, and began farming on his 
own accoui»t. Five years laler he bought 102 
acres in Section 10, Scotland Township, to 
which he moved and on which he was engaged 
in farming twelve years. At the end of this 
period he sold the farm, and purchased 256 
acres of the Dicky Kreag farm, situated in 
Industry and Scotland Townships. To this 
he made additions at intervals, until his farm- 
ing possessions now comprise 440 acres of land. 
He is engaged in general farming, but has 
devoted his attention mainly to stock-raising 
since 1885, feeding each year from fifty to one 
hundred head of cattle. He also raises horses 
and hogs, and makes a conspicuous showing 
of draft horses at all of the local fairs. On 
Mr. Roberts' land are over 2,o00 rods of drain 
tile. His two oldest sons, who are married, 
are comfortably located on different parts of 
the farm. Besides his farming land, Mr. Rob- 
erts is the owner of a three-story and base- 
ment business bloclv in Industry, the largest 
in the town. 

On March 4. 1879, Mr. Roberts was married 
to Melinda I. Rexroat, who was born in Scot- 
land Township and there pursued her youth- 
ful studies in the district school. Their chil- 
dren are as follows: Charles F.. Nimmo Earl, 
Silas William, George Sherman, Robert James 
and Harvey Lewis. The subject of this sketch 
is a Presbyterian in his religious faith, polit- 
ically, a Republican. He has held most of the 
township offices, has served several terms as 
Justice of the Peace — an office which he still 
holds — and has the distinction of having per- 
formed the marriage ceremony for more 
couples than have all the other Justices in the 
township combined. Fraternally, Mr. Roberts 
is affiliated with the A. F. & A. M., belonging 
to Industry Lodge No. 327, Morse Chapter (Ma- 
comb) No. 19, and Macomb Commandery No. 61; 
Eastern Star; I. O. O. F., Industry Lodge No. 
913; M. W. of A.. Camp No. 1742; Rebekahs 
and Mystic Workers. 

ROBERTSON, James T., who was formerly suc- 
cessfully engaged in farming In Industry Town- 
ship, McDonough County, 111., but is now living 
in comfortable retirement near Macomb, was 
born in Fulton County, 111., March 29, 1S42, 
and there received his mental training in the 
common schools. He is a son of John H. and 
Jolcy Ann (Wilson) Robertson, the former a 



native of Johnson County, 111., and the latter 
born in Kentucky. James Robertson, his pa- 
ternal grandfather, was born in Tennessee, and 
.lolin Wilson, his maternal grandfather, was a 
native of Kentucky. Seven children were born 
to the parents of Mr. Robertson, of which he 
was the second. Until July, 1862, he remained 
on his father's farm in McDonough County. 
Then he enlisted in Company A, Eighty-fourth 
Regiment Illinois Volunteer Infantry, which 
was first sent to Kentucky. He participated in 
the battles of Stone River, Chickamauga, Look- 
out Mountain, Mission Ridge, and many other 
important engagements. On being honorably 
discharged March 25, 1865, Mr. Robertson re- 
turned to McDonough County, and lived on a 
farm in Industry Township. In 1875 he Ijousht 
a farm of sixty-seven acres in Scotland Town- 
ship. This he sold three years later, and pur- 
chased another of forty acres in Emmet Town- 
ship. After living three years there he moved 
to Industry Township and bought a farm of 
140 acres, on which he lived until the fall of 
1903. He then sold the farm in Emmet Town- 
ship, and bought a residence just south of Ma- 
comb. The land surrounding this house he 
improved, and now occupies the premises free 
from the cares of active life. 

Mr. Robertson was married in November, 
1875, to Nancy L. Reeder, who was born and 
schooled in McDonough County. Two children, 
Leslie and Essie, have resulted from this union. 
In politics, Mr. Robertson is a Republican. He 
served on the Board of Trustees at Industry 
several years, and has been a School Director. 
His religious connection is with the Methodist 
Episcopal Church, in which he has officiated as 
Trustee and Steward, as well as Treasurer of 
the Sunday School. Fraternally, he Is a mem- 
ber of the Masonic Order (Industry Lodge No. 
327), and the G. A. R. Mr. Robertson is a 
man of clear mind, sound jud.gment and up- 
right character, who throughout an extended 
career, has faithfully discharged every duty de- 
volving tipon him. 

ROBINSON, Dr. Gain (deceased).— Of the re- 
tired citizens of Macomb none were more high- 
ly honored that Dr. Gain Robinson, who, at 
the threshold of his eight.v-seventh year, found 
himself the center of an interesting circle of 
friends, all of whom admired him for what he 
had accomplished for mankind, and still relied 



994 



HISTORY OF Mcdonough county. 



upon the soundness of his counsel and the ster- 
ling qualities of his mind and heart. Dr. Rob- 
inson was a native of Trumbull County, Ohio, 
and was born September 19, 1819, a son of Gain 
and Sarah (Winans) Robinson, natives of 
Maine and Ohio, respectively, and died March 
31, 190e. Gain Robinson, Sr., was a physician 
and surgeon who died when his son was two 
years old, the same year witnessing the death 
of his wife and daughter. The lad was edu- 
cated in the public schools of Circleville, Ohio, 
and at a private school, in 1846 graduating 
from the medical department of the Western 
Reserve School at Cleveland, Ohio. 

On May 18, 1847, Dr. Robinson was united in 
marriage to Mary L. Taylor, who was born near 
Milton, Ohio. October 12, 1829, a daughter of 
Alexander and Betsie (Scott) Robinson. For 
two years after his marriage Dr. Robinson 
practiced medicine in Baton Rouge, La.. As 
there were then no public schools in the vil- 
lage, he was asked to prepare several of the 
youth of the place for college. This occupa- 
tion he followed four years, then came to Rush- 
ville. 111., where he engaged in the drug busi- 
ness until 18G1, during the summer of that 
year purchasing a large farm in Huntsville 
Township, Schuyler County, upon which he 
lived until 1891. Afterward he lived retired in 
Macomb, where he owned a beautiful home at 
No. 4-lU X. Campbell Street. February 10, 1905, 
a great grief fell across his life in the death 
of his beloved wife, who, at all times and under 
all conditions, was an ideal helpmate and 
mother. Mr. and Mrs. Robinson had eight 
children, five of whom are living: Cyrus G. 
and Harvey T., of South Dakota; Henry S., of 
Chicago, 111.; Helen R., widow of Frank Baker; 
and A. May, who, with her sister, Mrs. Baker, 
lived with her father. Frank Baker, son-in- 
law of Dr. Robinson, was born in Ohio, October 
S, 1833, and married Helen R. Baker at Mount 
Sterling, 111. The couple lived for five years 
in Pierre, S. Dak., where Mr. Baker operated 
the "Park Hotel," and it was while on a trip 
to Brookfield, Mo., that he sickened and died, 
February 6, 1895. Mr. Baker was possessed of 
shrewd business ability, and was especially 
popular in Masonic circles, having taken the 
highest degree in that order. Mrs. Baker was 
educated in the public schools of Rushville 
and at Knox College, Galesburg. 



Dr. Robinson was a Republican in politics, 
and fraternally, was a Mason. Although a con- 
stant sufferer from ill health, the deceased 
retained his old-time interest in the things 
around him to the last, and because of his 
optimism and patience was a source of in- 
spiration and help to all who came in contact 
with him. Altogether his life was an upright 
and worthy one, nobly dignified by his cheerful 
temper, thoroughness of purpose, sincerity of 
character. 

ROGERS, J. H., who is successfully conduct- 
ing a meat market in Bushnell, McDonough 
County, 111., was born on December 8, 1861, in 
Macoupin County. 111. He is a son of H. H. and 
Christina (Miller) Rogers, of whom the for- 
mer was born in Germany and the latter in 
Quincy, 111. H. H. Rogers was a farmer by occu- 
pation. He came to McDonough County with 
his family in 1864, and bought a farm two 
and a half miles southwest of Bushnell, where 
he was engaged in general farming. 

J. H. Rogers was about four years old when 
his father brought him to Bushnell. As he 
grew up he assisted his father on the farm, and 
enjoyed the advantages of the public schools of 
his neighborhood. He continued to work at 
farming after he reached years of maturity, 
and was thus engaged for five years in Kansas, 
where he proved up a homestead in Logan 
County. In 1894 he established himself in a 
meat market at Good Hope, 111., where he re- 
mained until July 1, 1897. At that period he 
came to Bushnell and bought out the meat mar- 
ket of George Kline, which he has conducted 
ever since. He does the butchering himself, 
and his place is equipped with a gasoline engine 
and machinery for carrying on the work. Be- 
sides slaughtering and dealing in meats, he 
manufactures sausage and bone meal. He is 
thoroughly competent in this line, and enjoys 
a good patronage. On October 11, 1893, the 
subject of this sketch was united in marriage 
with Louisa Walthers, who was born in Quincy, 
111. Politically, Mr. Rogers gives his support 
to the Republican party. Fraternally, he is 
connected with the M. W. and I. O. O. F. 

RUNKLE, Stephen A. (deceased), formerly a 
well-known farmer in Industry Township, Mc- 
Donough County, 111., whose widow, son and 




THOMAS TERRILL 



HISTURV Ul" McUO-XUL'GH CUUXTV. 



995 



(latighter are now residents of Macomb, was 
born in Doddsville. McDonough County, March 
29, 1S52. He was a son of Darius and Anna 
M. (Walker) Runkle. the former, a native of 
Ohio, and the latter, of Pennsylvania. His 
paternal and maternal grandfathers were Wil- 
liam Runkle and Andrew Walker. Darius 
Runkle was one of the first settlers of Dodds- 
ville, and was a farmer by occupation. Stephen 
A. Runkle received his early education in the 
public schools of McDonough County and after- 
ward purs\ied a course in the Gem City Busi- 
ness College. In early life, before his marriage, 
he was a bookkeeper in the Bank of Macomb. 
He remained on the homestead with his parents 
until 1S85, when he moved to a farm one mile 
north, which he cultivated for ten years. He 
died July 31, 1895. and was buried at Dodds- 
ville. His family received IGO acres of land 
from the farm of his father. Darius Runkle. 

The subject of this sketch was a man of 
strict integrity, w_as dutiful in all the relations 
of life, and enjoyed the respect and esteem 
of all who knew him. In politics, he was a 
Republican. He was married February 7, 1883, 
to Emma D. McClain, who was born in 1860. 
in Schuyler County, 111., where she attended 
the public schools. Mrs. Runkle is the mother 
of two children — Lulu R., born August 28, 188.5, 
and Rex, born February 27, 1887. 

Mrs. Runkle's parents were William Stewart, 
and Mary .1. (Sellers) McClain. the former born 
in Montgomery Coimty. Ohio. October 4, 1826. 
and the latter in Schuyler County, 111., March 
12, 1840. Her paternal grandparents were 
James and Mary (Stewart) McClain, the for- 
mer, born in Dayton, Ohio, and the latter, in the 
same State. Her maternal grandfather was 
Hartell Sellers, a native of Tennessee. After 
the death of her husband, Mrs. Runkle, who 
is a most estimable lady, moved to Macomb, 
and built a house on South Madison Street, 
where she. her daughter and son now reside. 
Her son. Rex. was bookkeeper for his uncle. 
S. G. Holland, who is engaged in the barrel 
stave business in Nashville, Tenn., but returned 
to Macomb in the fall of 190.5 and made his 
home with his mother. 

RUNYAN, Joseph D., who is successfully en- 
gaged in farming in Bushnell Township, Mc- 
Donough County, 111., was born in the county 
named August 1/, 1S62, a son of Stephen and 



Lucy (Dilts) Runyan, natives of New Jersey. 
Stephen Runyan came to McDonough County 
about 18G0, and settled in Bushnell Township, 
where he was engaged in farming. His son, 
Joseph D., was reared on the farm, and in boy- 
hood attended the public school. When twenty- 
one years old he began farming for himself, and 
in 1889 purchased eighty acres of land in Sec- 
tion 30, Bushnell Township. He subsequently be- 
came the owner of his father's farm, making 160 
acres in all, and in 1904 built an elegant mod- 
ern residence. On December 23, ISSG, Mr. Run- 
yan was married to Elizabeth Black, who was 
born in McDonough County, III. Her parents, 
S. H. and Mary (Rosier) Black, were both na- 
tives of Ohio and were united in marriage on 
December 4, 1856. Coming to McDonough 
County, they located on a farm which he had 
purchased, two miles from Sciota. They are 
now living in retirement at (Jood Hope, 111. 
Mrs. Runyan is the fourth born in a family of 
five children. Four children were the offspring 
of her union with Joseph D. Runyan: Edna, 
Stella, Winnie and Clarence. In politics. Mr. 
Runyan gives his support to the Republican 
party. 

RUTLEDGE, M. B., who is successfully en- 
gaged in farming in Walnut Grove Township, 
McDonough County, was born in Fulton County, 
111., in 1S7G, the son of Simon and Mercy (Free- 
man) Rutledge, his father being a native of 
the State of Ohio, and his mother, of Fulton 
County, III. Simon Rutledge came to Walnut 
Grove Township in 1877, and. in 1881. pur- 
chased 160 acres of land in Section 29, where he 
has lived. He was formerly Road Commis- 
sioner of the township and is now serving as 
Assessor. 

In early manhood Mr. Rutledge attended the 
public and Bushnell Normal schools, and grew 
up on the farm, of which he took charge in 
1905. He makes a specialty of raising full- 
blooded Shorthorn cattle, and in this has proved 
successful. He is at present serving as Tax 
Collector of the township. Fraternally, he is 
connected with the I. O. O. F. 

SAPP, Eugene E., a well-known hardware 
merchant and grain dealer, of Sciota, McDon- 
ough County. III., was born in Birmingham. 
Schuyler County, 111., on December 6, 1S59, a son 
of Samuel R. and Maggie (Miller) Sapp, the 



996 



HISTORY OF Mcdonough county. 



father, a native of North Carolina, and the 
mother, of Missouri. Grandfather Brummel 
Sajip was born in North Carolina. Samuel R. 
Sapp, who was a farmer by occupation, is still 
living, a resident of Good Hope, 111. Eugene 
E. Sapp, in early life, attended the public 
school and the Plymouth High School and came 
to Sciota in 1879. Here he established him- 
self as a merchant and has been thus engaged 
ever since. He deals in hardware, buggies, 
wagons, farm machinery, grain, etc. He bought 
the elevator of Mills Brothers, at Peoria, which 
is situated on the Toledo, Peoria & Western 
Railroad, and has an operating capacity of 
12,000 bushels and a storage capacity of 20,000 
bushels. In 1892, he built a store containing 
9,2G0 square feet of floor space. 

On February 2S, 1SS4, Mr. Sapp was married 
to Emma Statler, who was born and schooled 
in Good Hope. 111. Four children are the off- 
spring of their marriage, namely: Lena, nine- 
teen years old; Una, fifteen years old; Esther, 
six years old; and Keith, three years old. Po- 
litically, Mr. Sapp is a Republican, and fra- 
ternally, is a member of the K. of P., M. W., 
I. O. O. F., and A. P. & A. M., belonging to the 
Blue Lodge and Commandery in the latter 
order. The subject of this sketch is one of the 
most substantial and prosperous business men 
of this part of the county, and personally one 
of the most popular. 

SAPP, S. R., who is now living in comfortable 
retirement in the town of Good Hope, McDon- 
ough County, 111., after a period of seventy-four 
years' residence in the State of Illinois, was 
horn in North Carolina, on January 26, 1S30, 
a son of Brummell and Elizabeth fWier) Sapp. 
whose birthplace was also in that State. The 
occupation of Brummell Sapp was that of a 
farmer. In 1831 he moved from his native State 
to the then unsettled region of northwestern 
Illinois. The difficult and tedious journey con- 
sumed six weeks, being made in a wagon drawn 
by a blind horse. Into this vehicle the father 
packed his family, consisting of eight children, 
and the load slowly proceeded northward and 
westward, across the long stretch of country, 
until it reached its destination. This was 
Schuyler County, 111., where, after numerous 
obstacles had been overcome, the party safely 
arrived. Brummell Sapp located at Rushville, 
in that county, remaining there six months. 



He then bought a tract of farming land in the 
same county, four miles east of Plymouth, on 
which he built a log cabin that constituted the 
family home. He cleared and broke up the 
land consisting of eighty acres, and made the 
necessary improvements. For a long time, the 
nearest neighbor was five miles distant from 
his place, and he was compelled to haul his 
crops to Quincy, 111., to find a market. At an 
early day Brummell Sapp went to Georgia, 
under an engagement as overseer of 200 slaves, 
but declined to remain there long, for the reason 
that their owner furnished them insufficient 
food. The subject of this sketch received what 
little education could he obtained under his 
circumstances in the subscription schools of 
that period, and made himself useful on his 
father's farm. In course of time he took charge 
of it himself, finally becoming the owner of 228 
acres of land. He lived there until the death 
of his father, and after that event moved to 
Good Hope, McDonough County, where he made 
his home in 1881. There he opened a grocery 
store, which he conducted for one year, and sub- 
sequently devoted his attention to the breeding 
of Norman and Clyde horses, until his with- 
drawal from active pursuits. He owned the 
farm of seventy acres just east of Good Hope 
and in recent years, purchased a home in town. 
In 1858 Mr. Sapp was united in marriage, in 
Schuyler County, 111., with Margaret Miller, 
who was born in Adams County, 111., and there 
in girlhood improved the opportunities afforded 
by the public schools. Three children have 
resulted from this union, namely: Eugene B., 
a resident of Sciota, McDonough County, and 
Elmer L. and Minnie (Mrs. James), who are 
residents of Good Hope. Elmer L. Sapp is offi- 
ciating as Postmaster of that town. The sub- 
ject of this sketch has served with marked 
credit as a member of the Town Board for 
twelve years. In religion, Mr. Sapp adheres to 
the faith of the Presbyterian Church, while his 
worthy and estimable wife is identified with 
the Methodist denomination. Both are held in 
high esteem throughout the community. 

SCHEIFLEY, George, a well-known railway 
mail clerk, whose home is in Tennessee, Mc- 
Donough County. 111., was born in Tennessee 
Township. February 16, 1867, a son of Chris- 
tian G. and Caroline (Holoch) Scheifley, na- 
tives of Wurtemberg, Germany. Christian G. 




HENRY TERRILL 



HISTORY OF McDOXOUGH COUXTY. 



997 



Scheifley was born in 1S23, and at the age of 
fourteen years was a soldier in ttie Germany 
army, in whicli lie remained until 1856. rie 
then came to the United States and lived in 
the East until April, 18G1, then enlisting in 
the Sixteenth Regiment Ohio Volunteer Infan- 
try, for three months. At the end of that period 
he re-enlisted in Company B. One Hundred Six- 
teenth Regiment Ohio Voluntepr Infantry, in 
which he served as Lieutenant until the close 
of the war. He was wounded in the heel by a 
piece of shell. Returning to Ohio, he shortly 
afterward moved to Xauvoo, 111., where he re- 
mained two years. He then engaged in farming 
in MoDonough County until 1874, when he 
moved to Augusta, 111. He died in Leaven- 
worth, Kans., in 1902. 

George Scheifiey started out for himself at an 
early period in life, and worked on a farm until 
he was twenty years old. He had studied and 
tried in different ways to educate himself, and 
procured a certificate to teach school in Han- 
cock County, 111., being thus employed there 
and in McDonough County. In the spring of 
1893 he secured a position as Railway Mail 
Clerk on the Chicago. Burlington & Quincy 
Railway between Chicago and Kansas City. In 
1890 he purchased 160 acres of land on the 
border of McDonough and Hancock Counties, 
to which he has made additions until he is now 
the owner of 170 acres in Tennessee Township. 
McDonough County, and 425 acres in Hancock 
Township, Hancock County. 

In April, 1896, Mr. Scheifley was married to 
Eliza Bowman, who was born and schooled in 
Tennessee Township. One child has resulted 
from this union, Eugene, born in February, 
1897. Mrs. Scheifley is a daughter of Charles N. 
and Mary R. (Lincoln) Bowman. Her father 
was born in Madison County, Tenn., and her 
mother was a native of Kentucky. Mrs. Bow- 
man's father was a cousin of Abraham Lincoln. 
Mr. Scheifley is a member of the Catholic 
Church. Politically, he gives his support to the 
Democratic party. 

SCHULZE, Martin, a well-known commission 
merchant of Bushnell, McDonough County, 111., 
is a native of Germany, where he was born in 
1866. His parents, August and Matilda (Sasse) 
Schulze, were also of German birth. The sub- 
ject of this sketch came to America in 1886 and 
first located in Minonk, 111., where he went into 



the produce business. After remaining there 
six months, he removed to Peoria, where 
he was engaged in the same line of trade for 
five years. From Peoria he came to Bushnell 
in October, 1891, in the capacity of superin- 
tendent of the P. & S. Poultry and Egg Com- 
pany. He was manager of this concern until 
.luly, 1904, when he entered into the poultry, 
egg and butter business on his own responsibil- 
ity. He has agents throughout the surrounding 
country buying poultry, which he dresses here, 
and ships to the East in car lots. He also 
handles butter and eggs in large quantities. 

Mr. Schulze was married In 1887 to Johanna 
Jansson, a native of Germany, and they have 
one child, named Ida. Mr. Schulze is reason- 
ably interested in politics, and has served the 
public in the capacity of a member of the 
School Board and of the City Council. Fra- 
ternally, he belongs to the I. O. O. F. 

SCOTT, David (deceased), at one time one of 
the most enterprising and prosperous citizens 
of Macomb, McDonough County, 111., was born 
in the vicinity of Gettysburg, Pa., in 1S23, and 
died in Macomb in 1S86. He was a son of 
.John Scott and wife, who were natives of Penn- 
sylvania. Mr. Scott was a farmer by occupa- 
tion. In 1839 he came with his family from 
Adams County, Pa., seven miles from Gettys- 
burg, to Illinois. He started from Pittsburg 
on a Iwat called the "William Glasgow." which 
was destroyed by fire on the Mississippi River 
twelve miles trom the mouth of the Ohio. All 
his effects were lost, including two teams. Tak- 
ing the "Xorth Star" boat, he came to St. Louis, 
and then to Frederick on the "Home." 

In his youth David Scott assisted his father 
in farm work, attending the country school in 
the neighborhood during the winter. By dint 
of close application to his studies and reading 
during his leisure hours, he acquired a good 
mental training, and ultimately became a well 
informed man. At the age of eighteen years 
he started out to work with a threshing ma- 
chine, having secured a loan of $2 with which 
to buy oil. Subsequently he lived on several 
different farms, and finally came to Macomb, 
where he was engaged in milling and stock 
buying until the time of his death. In this oc- 
cupation he amassed considerable wealth. He 
built many residences and business blocks in 
Macomb, one of which was blown down by a 



998 



HISTORY OF Mcdonough county. 



cyclone during the period of construction, when 
just ready for the tinners. During the Mormon 
war Mr. Scott became involved in danger and 
was compelled to flee from Nauvoo, making his 
escape the day before the Smiths were killed. 
Subsequently he traveled throughout the West 
on account of the impairment of his health. 

On January 1, 1853, Mr. Scott was united in 
marriage with Margaret Allison, who died in 
1863. Four children were the issue of this 
union, namely: John W., of Lawrence, Kans.; 
Robert, who died in infancy, and Charles Mon- 
roe and Prank, of Macomb. Mr. Scott was later 
married to Mary Rea, in Bedford, Pa., and they 
tiecame the parents of four children, as fol- 
lows: Anna, Mrs. Vose, of Macomb; Carrie 
deceased; George H., Cashier in C. V. Chan- 
dler's banli, and James Lewis, Secretary of the 
Macomb Sewer Pipe Company. 

Politically, the subject of this sketch was 
in accord with the Republican party. Religious- 
ly, he was a Presbyterian, although he gave lib- 
erally to all denominations. His characteristic 
benevolences included all worthy charities. He 
was a man of great energy and indomitable 
spirit, whose resolute will no reverses could 
overcome. 

SCOTT, Joshua H. (deceased).— John Scott, the 
father of Joshua H., was tor many years one of 
the most widely known residents of McDonough 
and Schuyler Counties. He was a leader in his 
life occupation of husbandry, reared a fine fam- 
ily of thirteen children and, despite the proverb- 
ially unlucky number, was happy In all his 
family relations, and his progeny have pros- 
pered after him. The father of John Scott, 
(and the paternal grandfather of Joshua H. ). 
was christened by the same name, and both 
were sons of the Emerald Isle. The grandfather 
on the maternal side was Solomon Hendrick- 
son, his daughter, Mary Hendrickson, who be- 
came the wife of John Scott, being a na- 
tive of Maryland. From Ohio John Scott 
and wife migrated to Bethel Township, Mc- 
Donough County, in 1840, where he purchased a 
farm to serve as the foundation of a typical 
American homestead. This property he ex- 
changed for another tract of 160 acres In Mc- 
Donough County, and later increased his landed 
interests by entering land in Schuyler County. 
The homestead in McDonough County was 
mostly timberland, the father and son clearing 



it together, with the exception of ten acres 
which Joshua cleared after the death of his 
father and his purchase of the property. The 
father died February 2, 1875, his wife having 
passed away two years earlier. 

After his father's death, Joshua H., who was 
the youngest son, purchased the interests of the 
other heirs and thereby obtained the title to 
168 acres of valuable land. He devoted him- 
self successfully to grain and stock-raising until 
September, 1904, when he removed to Macomb 
to make his home in a fine residence which he 
had bought on Chandler rioulevard. Having 
managed his own interests to such advantage, 
his fellow citizens called upon him repeatedly 
to conduct their common affairs, with the re- 
sult that he creditably served the township as 
Supervisor for two terms and as Assessor for 
one term. He was ever a sturdy Republican, 
and from his service as a boy in tlie Union 
Army, was enrolled as a member of the G. A. 
R. He was affiliated with the Masonic fra- 
ternity, and in his religious convictions and 
professions, was identified with the Methodist 
Episcopal Church. 

Joshua H. Scott was born in Bethel Township, 
McDonough County, on the 1st of March, 1S4S. 
His wife (formerly Mahala Wear), was also 
a native of McDonough County, both acquiring 
their education in the district schools. They 
were united in marriage on January 6, 1869, 
and there have been born to them the follow- 
ing children: Mary E. (Mrs. L. P. Greer), 
Lena C. (living at home), Amos N. (married to 
Myrtle Miner) and Roscoe and Rufus (twins), 
residing with their widowed mother, Mr. Scott 
having passed away September 6, 1905. 

SEABURN, Thomas (deceased), formerly a 
well-known and enterprising farmer in New 
Salem Township, McDonough County, Hi., was 
born in Ross County, Ohio, August 24, 1830, 
a son of Jacob and Mary (McGrady) Seaburn, 
the former a native of Berkeley County, Va., 
and the latter of Pennsylvania. The paternal 
grandmother was Annie (Van Osdell) Seaburn. 
At an early age the subject of this sketch came 
with his parents from Ohio to Fulton County, 
where the family lived until 1860. In boyhood 
he attended the common schools and assisted his 
father in the work of the farm. He remained 
with his parents imtil his marriage, when he 
moved to a farm of 160 acres in the northwest 




D. E. TERRILL 



HISTORY OF McDOXOUGH COUNTY. 



999 



quarter of Section 22. New Salem Township, 
and there carried on general farming and stocli- 
ralsing, also feeding cattle. He died December 
23, 1903, and was buried at Pennington's Point. 
On February 22, 1860, Mr. Seaburn was united 
in marriage with Annie E, .Johnston, who was 
born in Pike County. 111., and there ed- 
ucated: Five children resulted from this 
union, namely: Johnston S.. Mary Luella (Mrs. 
J. B. Woods), Frank T.. and Jay and Jessie, 
twins, of whom the latter married Walter Sper- 
ling. Mrs. Seaburn's parents, David and Sarah 
(Day) Johnston, were natives, respectively, of 
Virginia and Kentucky. Her paternal grandfa- 
ther, Joseph Day. was a native of England. 
Mrs. Seaburn. with the assistance of her son. 
Jay. conducts the home farm. Politically. Mr. 
Seaburn gave his support to the Republican 
party. He served several terms as Assessor of 
his township and also held the office of Town- 
ship Collector. Religiously, he was a member 
of the Christian Church. In all the relations of 
life Mr. Seaburn was a faithful, dutiful man. 
As a farmer he was thorough and careful; in 
his family he was tender and devoted; in the 
church, devout and zealous, and in the com- 
munity, public-spirited and useful. 

SEEM, Josiah Knous (deceased), for many 
years a well-known jeweler in Macomb, Mc- 
Donough County, 111., was born in Kreidersville. 
Northampton County. Pa., August 19. 1S2S. and 
died in Macomb, February 11, 1903. In boyhood 
he attended the district schools of his native 
place, and subsequently pursued a collegiate 
course in Jefferson College, at Easton, Pa., with 
a view of preparing for the ministry, but aban- 
doned this purpose on account of a want of 
self-confidence. After leaving college he taught 
school five or six years in Pennsylvania, after 
which he engaged in the jewelry business. In 
1871 Mr. Seem came to Illinois with his family 
and settled in Macomb, where he opened a 
jewelry store. At the time of his death he had 
followed this occupation forty years. Nine 
years before he died he sold an interest In 
his business to A. E. Rush, and the concern was 
conducted under the firm name of Seem & Rush. 

The subject of this sketch was a man of high 
Intelligence and wide information. He pos- 
sessed a refined nature, carefully avoided giv- 
ing offense, and was especially observant of the 



rights of others. In his domestic relations 
he was notably affectionate and indulgent. In 
business transactions he was the soul of honor, 
and as a citizen was true to the best interests 
of the community. On February 24, 1851, Mr. 
Seem was united in marriage to Elizabeth 
Ehret, who was born and schooled in Peters- 
ville. Pa. Mrs. Seem was of French descent, 
and was reared in the faith of the German Re- 
formed Church. Her great-grandfather, Jacob 
Beck (possibly a native of England) fought in 
the Revolutionary War. To Mr. and Mrs. Seem 
were born two children, namely: Ella (Mrs. 
C. H. Waddell), of Seattle. Wash., and Ida 
(Mrs. S. P. Dewey), of Chicago. The grand- 
father of the latter's husband was a near rela- 
tive of Admiral Dewey. In iiolitics. Mr. Seem 
gave his support to the Republican party. Re- 
ligiously, he was reared to the tenets of the 
German Reformed Church, but on making his 
home in Macomb he united with the Methodist 
Episcopal Church, of which he was a consistent 
and useful member to the end. 

SEIBERT, Theodore F., a well-known retired 
merchant residing in Bushnell. McDonough 
County, 111., was born in Washington County, 
Md., on September 24, 1844, a son of John and 
Susan (Leight) Seibert, natives of Maryland 
and Virginia, respectively. John Seibert came 
to McDonough County in ISfiS, and followed 
farming. Theodore F. Seibert is the oldest of 
a family of eight children. In boyhood he at- 
tended the public schools in the vicinity of his 
home, but leaving the home farm in September, 
1862, was employed in the general store of Jo- 
seph Winger & Son at Clay Lick, Pa., for 
eighteen months, receiving fifty dollars as com- 
pensation for his first year's work. Then sev- 
ering his connection with this firm, he was 
employed by Thomas Bowles & Son to take 
charge of their store at Welsh Run. Pa., where 
he remained until he came to Illinois in the 
winter of 1865-66. He here found employment 
in lS6f) as clerk for J. Cole & Co.. dry-goods 
merchants of Bushnell. They sold out to Pleck- 
er. Hunt & Company, and he worked for the 
new firm until his marriage, afterward form- 
ing a partnership with his father-in-law and 
his brother-in-law under the firm name of Aller, 
Seibert & Company, which was continued for 
two years. He then assumed the business alone 



lOOO 



HISTORY OF AIcDONOUGH COUNTY. 



and for thirty-five years carried on general 
merchandising. At the end of this period he 
traded the store for a farm in Fulton County. 
The concern is now known as the "Boston 
Store." Mr. Seibert has three farms in Bush- 
nell and Walnut Grove Townships, besides sev- 
eral residences and store buildings in Bushnell. 
He also has 475 acres in Illinois and 320 in 
Nebraslia. 

On Christmas night, 1S68, Mr. Seibert was 
united in marriage with Emma Aller, who was 
born in Rosemont, N. J., and came to McDon- 
ough County in her childhood. At the time of 
her marriage her father, Emanuel Aller, was a 
resident of Busnnell. Mr. and Mrs. Seibert 
have one living child, Nola Blanche, Their 
oldest daughter, Ada, died at the age of seven- 
teen years, and their son, Fred Aller, when 
eighteen months old. Politically, Mr. Seibert 
is a supporter of the Republican party, and 
has served as School Trustee of his township 
for twenty years. Fraternally, he is identified 
with the A. F. & A. M., I. O. O. F., K. of P. and 
A. O. U. W. The subject of this sketch has 
been one of the most successful merchants in 
McDonough County, his industry, energy and 
thrift having made him the possessor of a 
handsome competency, which he is now en- 
joying in leisurely retirement. 

SEIBERT, William W., who is successfully 
engaged in the real-estate and insurance 
business in Bushnell, McDonough County, 111., 
was born in Washington, County, Md., on De- 
cember 7, 1S4G, a son of John Seibert, a native 
of the same State, who was a farmer by occu- 
pation. The subject of this sketch received his 
youthful education in the public schools of his 
native State and came to Bushnell in ISGS. In 
this vicinity he was engaged in agricultural 
pursuits for two years, after which he went into 
the grocery business, in which he continued 
twenty-one years, and then sold out to Martin 
West. He was also associated in the grocery 
business with A. T. McDowell. After disposing 
of bis grocery interests Mr. Seibert took up the 
real-estate and life insurance business, to which 
he has since devoted his attention. He deals 
in city property, farming proi)erty, and Southern 
and Western lands, and has a fine patronage. 
The ability of Mr. Seibert in this field of effort 
is widely recognized. 

On October 12, 1873, Mr. Seibert was united 



in marriage with Ora McDowell, a native of 
Indiana. They have a daughter, Bessie M. In 
politics, Mr. Seibert is a Republican, and fra- 
ternally is identified with the I. O. O. F. 

SHEETS, Ira H., who Is successfully engaged 
in the poultry business in Macomb, Mc- 
Donough County, 111., was born in Mound 
Township, this county, December 24, 1S77, 
and received his education in the Macomb 
Normal College and Lombard University at 
Galesburg, HI. He is a son of George W. and 
Eliza A. (Foley) Sheets, the former a native 
of Frankfurt, Germany, and the latter, born 
in Indiana. The grandparents on the maternal 
side were William and Jane (Perlvins) Foley, 
the latter a native of Indiana. At the age of 
eighteen years, Ira H. Sheets was graduated 
from the Macomb Normal College, and for two 
years was in the photograph business in Blan- 
dinsville, 111. Next, he entered into a partner- 
ship In the Keefe Clothing Co., at La Harpe, 
III., where he continued two years. Selling 
out his interest in this concern he returned to 
Macomb, bought three acres of land and a house 
just south of the city, and built several poultry 
houses. Later in the summer of 1905 the sub- 
ject of this sketch sold his three acres of land 
south of Macomb to George A. Singer, of that 
city, bought fourteen acres of land of the 
Blazer estate and built a new home, where he 
now resides. He built many new poultry houses 
and is now running an up-to-date poultry farm. 
The varieties of poultry raised are White Ply- 
mouth Rocks and White Wyandottes. He 
makes a business of furnishing exhibition stock 
and breeders for the fancy trade; also raising 
much utility stock. His birds are very fine, 
having won many prizes at leading shows and 
poultry exhibitions. Mr. Sheets is a young man 
of much energy, and of close application to 
business, and his prospects in the new venture 
are very encouraging. 

The subject of this sketch was married Jan- 
uary 29, 1901, to Dora Dunham, who was born 
in McDonough County and was a pupil in the 
public schools. Mr. and Mrs. Sheets have one 
child, George William, born November 17, 1901. 
Mrs. Sheets' parents, W. O. and Ermy C. (Creel) 
Dunham, were natives, respectively, of Pike and 
McDonough Counties. Her grandparents, 

Joshua and Matilda (Nelson) Dunham, were 
born in Ohio. Mr. Sheets is a Republican la 



HIST( )RY OF .McDOXOUGH rOl'XTY. 



lOOI 



politics, and fraternally, is connected with the 
I. O. O. R 

SHELEY, Walter, who is successfully engaged 
in the grocery business in Bushnell, McDon- 
ough County, III., was born in Bushnell in 1S73, 
where he received his early mental training 
in the public school. He is a son of John W. 
Sheley, a native of Ohio, and a farmer by occu- 
pation. The subject of this sketch has been 
engaged in mercantile pursuits ever since he 
reached his maturity. In 1904, he purchased 
the grocery business of Mr. Johnson, which 
has been in operation fifteen years. He handles 
a full line of fancy and staple groceries and 
provisions, has a large and profitable trade and 
possesses all the qualifications that command 
success. 

In 1879, Mr. Sheley was united In marriage 
with Charlotte Bertel, who was born and 
schooled at Camp Point, 111. Two children 
have been the result of this union, namely: 
Christine and Ruth. Mr. Sheley is not actively 
interested in political matters, although he Is 
a keen observer of public affairs. Fraternally, 
he is identified with the K. of P. 

SHERMAN, Lawrence Y., lawyer, legislator, 
ex-Speaker of the Illinois House of Representa- 
tives, and present Lieutenant-Governor, was 
born in Miami County, Ohio. November 9, 185S, 
and at the age of eleven months was brought 
to McDonoush County. 111., by his parents, who 
settled at Industry, in that county. During his 
youth he spent a number of years in Jasper 
County, 111., receiving his primary education 
In the public schools, meanwhile working on a 
farm at fifty cents a day. Later he spent some 
time in St. Clair County, and for six years 
was engaged in teaching, devoting his atten- 
tion at night to the study of law. Then, hav- 
ing taken a course in the law department of 
McKendree College, from which he graduated 
in 1882, he was admitted to the bar, during 
the same year, and at once came to Macomb 
with a ^iew to establishing himself in his pro- 
fession. As practice for the young lawyer in 
those days came slowly, he devoted a part of 
his time during the first months of his resi- 
dence in Macomb to manual labor, manifesting 
those qualities of personal vigor, independence 
and self-reliance which have resulted in the 
success of recent years. 
25 



As a result of his interest in public affaii-s, 
he soon began to take an active part in State 
and National politics, and, in ISSfi. was elected 
County Judge, serving tor a period of four years 
As the expiration of his term of office he en- 
tered into i)artnership with Charles D. and D. 
G. Tunnicliff, the latter an ex-Justice of the 
Supreme Court and a leading lawyer of West- 
ern Illinois. In 1S94 he was a prominent can- 
didate for the Republican nomination for Rep-, 
resentative in the General Assembly, but with 
the desire to promote party harmony, with- 
drew his name from before the convention. Two 
years later he was again a candidate, was nomi- 
nated and elected, and by three successive re- 
elections, served four consecutive terms (1896 
to 1904), covering the period of the Fortieth 
Forty-first, Forty-second and Forty-third Gen- 
eral Assemblies. During two of these terms 
(the Forty-first and Forty-second) he served as 
Speaker of the House and, in connection with 
all public measures, acquired a prominence not 
surpassed by any other member of the Gen- 
eral Assembly. 

In 1904, after the historic struggle in the 
Republican State Convention of that year, he 
was nominated for the office of Lieutenant-Gov- 
ernor, and at the November election was suc- 
cessful by a plurality of 296,640 — a vote of near- 
ly two to one over that of his Democratic com- 
petitor — a result unprecedented in the jirevious 
history of the State. An incident of no little 
personal interest in this connection is the fact 
that, while a student in McKendree College. Mr. 
Sherman made the acquaintance of Charles S. 
Deneen. who headed the ticket as candidate 
for Governor in 1894 — Governor Deneen's fa- 
ther, at that time, as Professor of Latin, being 
a member of the College Faculty. 

Mr. Sherman's name has been prominently 
mentioned in connection with a number of im- 
portant offices, and during the spring of 1907 
he was tendereu by President Roosevelt an ap- 
pointment as member of the Spanish Claims 
Commission, but this he declined, indicating 
a desire to retain his connection with State pol- 
itics. A man of great mental energy and strong 
personal characteristics, as well as a close ob- 
server of public affairs, Mr. Sherman manifests 
a disposition to occupy an independent atti- 
tude on many leading questions connected with 
foreign as well as State and National interests. 



I002 



HISTORY OF Mcdonough county. 



Mr. Sherman was united in marriage in 1891 
to Miss Ella M. Crews, of Jasper County, 111., 
who died in 1893. Fraternally, he ife connected 
with several branches of the Masonic Order, 
including the Knights Templar, the Consistory 
and Mystic Shrine, and is also a member of the 
Knights of Pythias. 

SHOOPMAN, Thomas, a venerable and highly 
respected retired farmer who has lived away 
from his present home in Colchester Township, 
McDonough County, 111., but ten months in 
eighty-two years, was born in East Tennessee, 
February 15, 1816, a son of Jacob and Polly 
(Owens) Shoopman, natives of Virginia. 

Mr. Shoopman came to Morgan County, 111., 
with his mother in 1830, his father having 
been killed while on the way to that locality. 
After spending three years in Morgan County, 
they came to McDonough County, where Mr. 
Shoopman settled on the quarter-section of land 
where he now lives. Since his arrival here in 
1833 he has spent but a short time absent from 
the place, having stayed six months in Plym- 
outh and four months in Colchester. He orig- 
inally entered 160 acres of land at the United 
States Land Office, and subsequently bought a 
quarter-section more. Of this he has since 
sold all but seventy acres. When Mr. Shoop- 
man first settled in McDonough County, his 
nearest neighbor was a mile and a half dis- 
tant. He has killed many a deer in the vicinity 
of his present home, and wolves were numer- 
ous there. 

In 1831, Mr. Shoopman was united in mar- 
riage with Patience Smedley, a native of East 
Tennessee. This union resulted in twelve chil- 
dren, their mother dying in 1864. On Septem- 
ber 20, 1865, Mr. Shoopman was again married, 
wedding Ruth .\nn Busse, who was born in 
Schuyler County, 111. Two children were born 
to them, namely: Nettie Caroline, who died 
at the age of thirty years, having become the 
wife of Donald Hook; and Albert. In politics, 
Mr. Shoopman adheres to the Democratic party. 
He has held the office of School Director, 
School Trustee and Highway Commissioner. 
The subject of this sketch has lived an hon- 
orable and useful life, and is now passing his 
declining years in quiet leisure, the object of 
profound respect on the part of all who know 
him. 

Orel Don Hook, grandson of Thomas Shoop- 



man, was born at Plymouth, III., July 21, 1885, 
a son of William and Nettie C. (Shoopman) 
Hook, both natives of McDonough County. He 
was married to Clementine Daniels, who was 
born in Schuyler County, 111., and they have 
one child, Everet Floyd. Mr. Hook is a young 
man of superior qualities, and his early man- 
hood gives promise of a seiwiceable and dutiful 
career. 

SIMPSON, James, a retired farmer of excel- 
lent repute and substantial means, residing in 
Macomb, McDonough County, III., was born 
in McDonough County, March 3, 1853, a son 
of Josiah E. and Eliza (Trotter) Simpson, na- 
tives of Kentucky. Josiah Simpson and his 
wife had five sons and one daughter, and James 
was the youngest of their children. He enjoyed 
the advantages of the district school and re- 
mained on the home farm until the death of his 
father, the mother having passed away when 
he was nine years old. The father, who was 
one of the old settlers in McDonough County 
and was well known by all the pioneers, raised 
the first high-grade cattle bred in this county. 
For those days he was an extensive and suc- 
cessful stock-raiser. He died in March, 1887. 

James Simpson inherited 100 acres of the 
homestead farm, and continued to live there 
from the time of his marriage in 1888. In 1896 
he built a comfortable residence in Macomb, 
which he has since occupied, free from the 
cares of active life, and in the enjoyment of 
well earned repose. He is a man of much In- 
telligence, well informed in regard to current 
topics, and is regarded by all as an upright 
and useful member of the community. He is 
the owner of three eighty-acre tracts of farm- 
ing land in Industry Township, and one in 
Hire Township — in all making 320 acres. 

Mr. Simpson was married October 4, 1888, 
to Jane E. Watson, who was born and schooled 
in Scotland Township, and is a daughter 
of William Watson, w^o resides in Macomb. 
Mr. Simpson and wife have one child, Nellie 
Lucille, born June 23. 1894. In political affairs, 
the subject of this sketch supports the Repub- 
lican party, and in religious faith, is an ad- 
herent of the Methodfst Episcopal Church. 

SMITH, Albert J., a well-known citizen of 
Colchester, McDonough County, 111., who is suc- 
cessfully engaged in the clothing business, was 



HISTORY OF McDOXOUGH COUXTV. 



1003 



born in the Province of Quebec, Canada, Oc- 
tober 16, 1830. His father, Joseph M. Smith, 
was born in Shoreham, Vt., and his mother, 
Eliza (Westover) Smith, was born in Grand Isle 
County, in that Slate. His grandfather, John 
Smith, was also a Vermonter, and Grandfather 
Moses Westover was of Canadian origin. Al- 
bert J. Smith, in his boyhood attended the 
public schools in Vermont, after his school 
days were over, learned the trade of a tanner 
and currier, and was engaged in that business 
in Vermont until 18G2. In that year he come 
to Plymouth, 111., where he was employed as 
extra agent of the Chicago, Burlington, & 
Quincy Railroad Company. In 1864. he came to 
Colchester, and acted as that company's agent 
until 187G. After this he devoted his entire 
attention to a general store of bankrupt stock. 
He bought the store in 1873, and had the busi- 
ness conducted for him. In 1877 he built the 
first brick building in Colchester, and in 1881 
erected two two-story buildings. The present 
three-story brick building he built in 1892. He 
sold out the stoclv and building of his first 
venture to J. W. & E. D. Stevens in 1879. In 
the fall of 1881 he went into the clothing and 
men's furnishing lines exclusively. In that 
year, he took his son Walter into partnership 
with him. and since 1902 the latter has con- 
ducted the business. 

On March 10, 1856. the subject of this sketch 
was united in matrimony with Frances E. Coy- 
lar, who was born in Ferrisburg, on Lake Cham- 
plain, Vt., where in her youth, she attended 
the public school. Three children were the 
offspring of this union, namely: Jessie (Mrs. 
J. W. Stevens). Walter and Edward E. Mr. 
Smith's religious connection is with the Uni- 
versalist Church. Politically, he advocates the 
principles of the Republican party, and fra- 
ternally, he is afBliated with the A. F. & A. JI., 
as a member of the Eastern Star. The life of 
Mr. Smith has been crowded with work, and 
now. having accomplished much, he is enjoying 
a well merited rest. 

SMITH, D. 0., a prosperous farmer of Walnut 
Grove Township, McDonough County, 111., was 
born In the State of Pennsylvania in 1866. a son 
of John and Ella (Elliott) Smith, natives of 
Pennsylvania. The father was a blacksmith by 
occupation. The son received his early mental 
training in the public schools of his birthplace. 



in 1884 came to Bushnell. III., and until 1888, 
was employed as a farm hand. He then began 
farming on his own account in Walnut Grove 
Township, in which he has been engaged to the 
present time, also raising considerable stock. 
In 1893, Mr. Smith was united in marriage 
with Ada George, and they are the parents of 
four children, namely: Herman, Mary, Ella 
and Leland. Mrs. Smith is a daughter of Her- 
man and Mary Jane (Irons) George, both of 
whom were natives of Ohio. Fraternally. Mr. 
Smith is affiliated with the Mystic Workers. 
He has established a reputation as an intelli- 
gent and systematic farmer, and his methods 
are productive of profitable results. 

SMITH, Josiah A., a prosperous and well-to-do 
farmer.who pursues his avocation in Section 16, 
Sciota Township, McDonough County, 111., was 
born in that township, August 19, ■18,")0, and has 
lived there all his life, with the excejition of 
two years spent in Nebraska. He is a son of 
Elijah S. and Mary (Wintin) Smith, natives 
of the State of Tennessee. Elijah Smith was a 
farmer in Tennessee, and settled in Illinois in 
1850, making the journey in a wagon. He first 
located in Emmet Township. McDonough Coun- 
ty, and thence moved to Sciota Townshij), where 
he bought ICO acres of land, which he owned 
until just before his death in 1899. On this 
place he made all the improvements, and car- 
ried on general farming and stock-raising. He 
was a thorough farmer and an exemplary and 
public-spirited citizen. Politically, he was a 
Democrat, and held several local oflices, among 
them that of Road Commissioner. 

J. A. Smith received his early education 
in the district schools of Sciota Township, and 
afterward pursued a course of study in Burling- 
ton University. After completing his educa- 
tion, he made himself useful on the home farm 
for two years, going then to Nebraska, where 
he spent a like period. On returning to Illinois, 
he remained with his parents until the time 
of his marriage and afterward occupied a part 
of the homestead for four years. In 1881 he 
bought 160 acres in Section 2, Sciota Township, 
from William Hall, on which he made nearly all 
the improvements. There he carried on general 
farming and stock-raising for twenty-five years, 
handling full-blooded, registered stock, and sell- 
ing most of it for breeding purposes. He gave 
special attention to Polled-.^ngus cattle, and 



I004 



HISTORY OF AIcDONOUGH COUNTY. 



raised Jersey Red hogs. In these undertakings, 
Mr. Smith has been very successful. On Janu- 
ary 20, 1S78, the subject ot this sketch was 
united in marriage in Sciota Township, with 
Mary C. Logan, who was born in McDonough 
County, a daughter of John and Jane (Botts) 
Logan, natives ot Kentucky. Her father set- 
tled in McDonough County at an early period, 
and carried on farming with success. Mrs. 
Smith graduated from Macomb Normal School 
under the tutorship of Mr. and Mrs. Branch. 
Two children resulted from 'the union of Mr. 
and Mrs. Smith, namely: Ethel A. and Leslie 
E. In politics, the subject of this personal 
record is identified with the Republican party, 
and served with credit as Road Commissioner 
for three years. Religiously, he adheres to the 
faith of the Baptist Church. Individually, and 
in his relations as a member of the community, 
he maintains an excellent standing. 

SMITH, W. H., who is successfully engaged 
in farming in the vicinity of Good Hope, Mc- 
Donough County, 111., — where he has lived about 
twenty years, — was born in Coshocton County, 
Ohio, in 1S46, a son of Jacob and Mary (Wolfe) 
Smith, both of whom were natives of the State 
of Pennsylvania. The occupation of Jacob 
Smith was that of a farmer, and this he fol- 
lowed for a long period with reasonable success 
in Ohio, to which State he had moved, from 
Pennsylvania at an early day. He was the fa- 
ther of ten children, and a man of diligent hab- 
its and upright character. 

W. H. Smith received his early mental train- 
ing in the common schools of Coshocton County, 
Ohio, and when he had nearly reached his ma- 
jority (In 1865), journeyed to Illinois, where 
he applied himself to farming in Sciota Town- 
ship, McDonough County. A short time after- 
wards, he bought a farm there. In 1870, he 
moved to Iowa, and there purchased a farm, 
which he cultivated for two years. Then re- 
turning to McDonough County, he purchased 
a farm in Emmet Township, situated on 
the line between that and Sciota Town- 
ship. On this farm he made improvements 
and carried on farming until 1887, when he 
sold the property and moved to his pres- 
ent location, where he occupies rented land. 
His farming operations now cover 16214 acres, 
and he devotes considerable attention to the 



raising of stock. In 1S62, Mr. Smith served in 
the Eighty-fifth Regiment Ohio Volunteer In- 
fantry for a term of one hundred days. 

In 1868, in Emmet Township, Mr. Smith was 
united in marriage with Eliza E. Monger, who 
was born in Clinton County, Ohio. She is a 
daughter of Adam and Sidney (Johnson) 
Monger, natives of Ohio, who settled in McDon- 
ough County, 111., in 1S54, locating on what is 
still known as the Monger farm in Emmet 
Township. Mr. and Mrs. Smith became the 
parents of six children, namely: Arthur and 
Edgar, both of whom are residents of Emmet 
Township; Charles W., who lives in Sciota 
Township; Harvey and Alvah, whose home is 
in Rock Island, 111., and Pearl, who is a member 
of the home circle. 

In religious belief, Mr. Smith is a Methodist, 
and fraternally, is affiliated with the I. O. O. F. 
As a farmer "he is careful and systematic, and 
his operations are productive of the best re- 
sults. As a citizen, he takes an intelligent 
interest in public affairs, and may always be 
counted on to do his full share in promoting the 
best interests of the community. 

SMITH, Ulysses G., banker, Bardolph, Mc- 
Donough County, 111., was born in that place, 
July 27, 1863, the son of Reuben A. and Mary 
H. (Tinsley) Smith, natives of Kentucky, who 
came to McDonough County in 1847 and settled 
on a farm in Macomb Township. As he was 
one of eleven children Ulysses began helping 
about the home farm at a very early age. He 
received a public school education and then 
began a man's work in earnest. The father 
died in 1S75, and after 1883, Ulysses conducted 
farming on the homestead until 1902, when he 
removed to Bardolph, and. with C. V. Chandler, 
opened the new Bank of Bardolph, the only in- 
stitution of the kind in town. At the present 
time Mr. Smith conducts the business alone. 
On February 28, 1902, he was married to Nellie 
Kelso, of Macomb Township. One child has 
been born to them, Harold T., whose anniver- 
sary occurs on January 2. In his political affil- 
iations, Mr. Smith is a Democrat, and fraternal- 
ly, belongs to the Modern Woodmen of America. 
He is likewise a member of the Methodist 
Church. He has served as Township Collector 
one term, and as Supervisor for three terms, 
or six years. Active and energetic, interested 




(PO'y^/tA.Ou . 1f^ Jy/Cc 



f5rw-»<X-* 



HISTORY OF Mcdonough county. 



1005 



In all pertaining to the welfare of the town 
wherein he resides, few persons would be missed 
more than Ulysses G. Smith. 

SNOWDEN, William Ellsworth, who is suc- 
cessfully engaged in farming in Eldorado Town- 
ship, McDonough County, 111., was born in that 
township December 7, 1861, a son of John and 
Mary J. (Adams) Snowden, natives of Virginia. 
John Snowden was one of the early settlers in 
this vicinity. He first bought a farm of eighty 
acres, to which he added until he owned 200 
acres. His second purchase was a farm ad- 
joining the home place on the north, where he 
built a large residence in 1879 and lived there 
until 1893. At that period he retired from farm- 
ing and moved to Vermont, 111., where he now 
resides. His wife died January 6, 1890. 

William E. Snowden is the sixth of a family 
of eleven children born to his parents. He 
lived with his father until he was twenty-one 
years of age, assisting the latter in work on 
the farm and attending the district school 
In his neighborhood. After attaining his ma- 
jority he worked for five years at farming for 
James Marshon. After his marriage he went 
to Kansas and took up a homestead in Sher- 
man County, that State. When his mother 
died, he sold out his improvements on the 
Kansas farm and returned to McDonough Coun- 
ty. On February 1, 1890, he moved to the 
home place, and after remaining there three 
years bought 120 acres of the property. He 
raises Poland-China hogs and rents out the 
farming land. His labors are attended with 
success, and he is considered one of the repre- 
sentative farmers of the township. 

On February 18, 1888, Mr. Snowden was 
united in marriage with Susanna Moran, who 
was born and schooled in Eldorado Township. 
Her father, William B. Moran, was born in 
Baltimore, Md., and her mother, Mary J. 
(Turner) Moran, was a native of Erie County. 
N. Y. Her grandfathers, Thomas Moran and 
Samuel Turner, came to Fulton County at an 
early period and settled near Canton. Her par- 
ents had four girls and one boy, and Mrs. Snow- 
den Is the third child in succession of birth. 
Her father moved to Chalmers Township. Mc- 
Donough County, and died near Good Hope in 
1895, her mother having died in Eldorado 
Township in 1890. Politically, Mr. Snowden 
lends his support to the Democratic party. 



SOLOMON, George W., who is among the most 
substantial farmers of McDonough County, 111., 
was born in this county on March 12, 1839, a 
son of Prank and Xancy Solomon, the former 
a native of Xorth Carolina and the latter of 
Kentucky. 

At the age of eleven years Mr. Solomon 
came with his parents to Fulton County, 111., 
and after living there six years, came to Mc- 
Donough County. Here he purchased land 
from time to time until he is now the owner of 
.5G0 acres, all in one tract. On this land he has 
made all the improvements. For twelve years 
he was actively and extensively engaged in the 
stock business, buying, selling and feeding. He 
bought and shipped entire train-loads in a single 
transaction. During one winter he fed 3G1 head 
of cattle and 1,200 hogs. 

On August 3, 1857, Mr. Solomon was married 
to Nancy Anderson, who was born in Jefferson 
County, Ohio, January 2G, 1839. Five children 
resulted from this union, namely: Alice (Mrs. 
Porter); William J., who lives in Pekin, 111.; 
George Edward; James D.; and Flora (Mrs. 
Cashenane). Fraternally, Mr. Solomon is affil- 
iated with the A. F. & A. M. 

SPANGLER, Jacob J. (deceased), for a long 
period one of the most industrious, honorable 
and highly respected farmers in the vicinity of 
Macomb, 111., was born in Pickaway County, 
Ohio, March 7, 1836, a son of Reuben and Chris- 
tina (Kramer) Spangler, of whom the latter 
was a native of Germany, who came to the 
United States with her parents when she was 
eight years old. Reuben Spangler. a Pennsyl- 
vanian by birth, was one of the early settlers of 
McDonough County, where he carried on farm- 
ing for many years, and died in 1886, at the 
age of eighty-flve years, his wife passing away 
at the age of ninety-three years. They were 
the parents of twelve children, six boys and six 
girls. Of this family six survive, as follows: 
Isaac, Reuben. George, Sarah, Mahala and Ma- 
llnda. The father was a man of rugged force of 
character, and In his religious belief was a 
Lutheran. He was a life-long Democrat In 
politics. The mother was a woman of sturdy 
worth, and a fitting helpmate for her husband 
in the labors and hardships which confronted 
the pioneers. 

Jacob J. Spangler attended the public schools 
of Pickaway County, Ohio, until he reached the 



ioo6 



HISTORY OF :McDONOUGH COUNTY. 



age of eighteen years. After his marriage he 
located in Walnut Grove Township, McDonough 
County, 111., where for five years he rented a 
farm. At the end of that period ne went to 
Minnesota, where he spent an equal length of 
time in farming. Returning then to McDon- 
ough County, he located on a farm just north 
of Macomb which he cultivated for twenty-five 
years. He afterward lived five years in Good 
Hope, 111., moving thence to Macomb, where he 
died August 12, 1904. His widow still survives, 
and is making her home with her sister-in-law, 
Mrs. David Holler, in Bardolph, McDonough 
County. Mr. Spangler was a very thorough and 
painstaking farmer, and his diligent and perse- 
vering labors were attended by successful re- 
sults. Politically, he was a supporter of the 
Democratic party, although not active in poll- 
tics. Religiously, he was a member of the Cum- 
berland Presbyterian Church, in which he offi- 
ciated as an elder for many years. In fra- 
ternal circles, he was identified with the I. O. 
O. F. A man of the highest character and of 
sound judgment, he took an intelligent and 
earnest interest in public affairs. He was held 
in warm regard by all who knew him, and was 
considered one of the most useful members of 
the several communities in which he lived. 

The marriage of Mr. Spangler took place in 
McDonough County, 111., April 30, 1857, when he 
wedded Rachael A. McDonough, a daughter of 
Redmond and Sarah (Fox) McDonough, who 
was born in Warren County, Ohio, January 21, 
1S3S. In girlhood, Mrs. Spangler attended the 
subscription schools of her native place, and 
afterward pursued her youthful studies in the 
schools of McDonough County, to which local- 
ity she accompanied her parents in 1847. The 
latter were natives of Ohio, where Sarah Fox 
was born in Warren County, and in that State 
they were married. Redmond McDonough was 
a farmer by occupation. When he moved from 
Ohio to McDonough County, at the period above 
mentioned, the journey from Cincinnati, Ohio, 
was made by boat. The boat sank with all on 
board, the passengers, however, being rescued. 
Three weeks clasped before they were able to 
recover their household goods. Mr. and Mrs. 
McDonough settled two miles north of Macomb, 
on the Randolph farm, but later moved to a farm 
which Mr. McDonough purchased, lying two 
miles and a half east of Macomb, where the 
family lived a number of years. They then 



located in the vicinity of Bushnell, McDonough 
County, where Mr. McDonough died in 1871. 
His widow survived him until 18SS, when she 
too passed away. Mr. McDonough was pos- 
sessed of sterling traits of character, and en- 
joyed the respect and confidence of all who had 
the pleasure of his acquaintance. Religiously, 
he was a member of the Christian Church, and 
in politics, a Republican. 

The union of Jacob J. Spangler and Rachael 
A. McDonough resulted in nine children, of 
whom seven are living, as follows: Reuben 
E., whose residence is in Chicago; Lena, who is 
the wife of John McFadden, of that city; Wil- 
liam E., whose home is in Fannin County, Tex.; 
Ida L., who resides in Chicago; J. Anton, who 
is located at Blandinsville, 111.; Nellie, wife 
of Harry JIustain. of Chicago; and Mina C, 
also of Chicago. All of these inherit the excel- 
lent characteristics of their parents. The 
mother of this family is regarded with the 
fondest affection by her surviving children, and 
is an object of tender solicitude and care in 
the home of her sister-in-law, Mrs. Holler, 
where her declining years are made comfort- 
able and pleasant. 

SPARKS, Thomas J.— Among all classes of 
toilers is demonstrated the fact that some lives 
are shaped by circumstances, while others 
overcome circumstances and shape their own 
lives. To the latter class belongs Thomas J. 
Sparks, a legal practitioner of Busiinell since 
1876, an ex-member of the General Assembly, 
ex-City Attorney, and prominent Democratic 
politician. Tens of thousands, born in compar- 
ative poverty, as was Mr. Sparks, never emerge 
from it. Prom his parents, however, he in- 
herited the best of legacies, health, industry 
and integrity, and the ability to recognize and 
grasp a waiting opportunity. 

Born in Clinton County, Ind.. Mr. Sparks is 
a son of Joseph and Sarah (Deford) Sparks, 
natives of Pennsylvania and Ohio, respectively. 
When Joseph Sparks was twelve years old his 
family moved to Ohio, where he was ap- 
lirenticed to a wheelwright, learning a trade 
which he combined with farming for many 
years. In 1845 he moved from Ohio to a farm 
in the vicinity of EUisville. Fulton County, 111., 
where the balance of his life was spent and 
where his son, Thomas J., completed his com- 
mon school education. Longing for a broader 



HISTURY OF McDOXOUGH COUXTY. 



1007 



life than that of the devotee of agriculture, 
the lad besan at an early age to teach school, 
that his education might penetrate deeper 
channels of knowledge through his own ability 
to meet his tuition. Untiring effort and rigid 
economy made possible the realization of his 
hopes, and he entered Lombard College, at 
Galesburg, 111., later talking a two years" course 
at Howe's Academy, Mount Pleasant, Iowa. 

In the meantime, having devetoi)ed a com- 
pelling interest in law, .Mr. Sparks in 18iJ4 be- 
gan the reading of law with S. Corning .ludd, 
at Lewistown, and. upon being admitted to the 
bar, removed west to Central City, Neb., where 
he practiced his profession for six years. Re- 
turning to Illinois in 1867, he settled in Bush- 
nell, then a rising town having need of serious 
minded, purposeful young men, and which, be- 
cause of the high character of its citizens, 
promised support and appreciation of his ef- 
forts. Thirty-eight years of continuous resi- 
dence have seen many of his professional 
dreams realized and even exceeded, for ' it is 
doubtful if the economizing law student took 
into account the public honors which would be 
accorded him. 

At an early stage of his career Mr. Sparks 
identified himself with the Democratic party, 
and for years he has been an important factor 
in its local undertakings. For several years he 
filled with credit the exacting office of City At- 
torney, and his election to the Thirty-eighth 
General Assembly of Illinois resulted in ca- 
pable representation of the needs and require- 
ments of his district. At Mount Pleasant. Iowa, 
in 1871, Mr. Sparks was united in marriage to 
Agnes Patton, of Wheeling, W. Va., and of 
this union there are two children, of whom 
Maud is the wife of Professor W. W. Ernest, 
of Macomb, 111., and Ray is a student at the 
University of Illinois. Socially, Mr. Sparks is 
connected with the Masonic fraternity. Around 
his strenuous life he has built a wall of pub- 
lic confidence, and his qualities of mind and 
heart are such as may well be emulated by the 
men of a younger generation. 

SPERRY, Alonzo M., son of Clark and Eliza- 
beth Sperry. a well-known farmer of Mound 
Township, .McDonough County, was born in 
Fulton County, III., on July 8, 1856, and received 
his early education in the public schools of the 
former county. In 1859 he came with his par- 



ents to Mound Township, where he has since 
lived. He commenced farming for himself in 
1880, and has bought land in Sections 3, 10 and 
11, in that township, aggregating 240 acres. 
In connection with farming, he has raised and 
fed stock to a considerable extent. On Febru- 
ary 26, 1880, Mr. Sperry was married to Mary 
E. Anderson, who was born in Mound Town- 
ship. The children resulting from this union 
are: Nellie G., Clark and Edith. Mrs. Sperry 
is a daughter of W. A. .\nderson. an early set- 
tler in McDonough County, and a native of 
Ohio. Her mother's maiden name was .Martha 
Truitt. Politically, Mr. Sperry is a member of 
the Republican party, and fraternally, he is 
connected with the K. of P. 

SPERRY, Edward Clark, a son of Clark Sperry, 
a native of Ohio, was born in Mound Township, 
McDonough County, III., on June 25, 1867. and 
is now engaged in farming in Hushnell Town- 
ship, in that county. In early life Mr. Sperry 
attended the public schools in Bushnell, 111., 
and in 1902 bought a farm of 120 acres in Sec- 
tion 30, Bushnell Township, where he now lives. 
He has followed farming in other portions of 
the county, and has devoted considerable at- 
tention to stock-raising. On January 23, 1895, 
Mr. Sperry was married to Frances Pelley, who 
was born in 1871, at Bardolph, 111. Two chil- 
dren, Ralph Edward and Mabel Frances, have 
resulted from this union. Politically, Mr. 
Sperry gives his supiwrt to the Republican 
party, and fraternally, he belongs to the K. of P. 

SPERRY, R. H., a very successful farmer in 
Mound Township, McDonough County, 111., 
is still living on the homestead farm which 
his father purchased in 1859. He was born in 
Fulton County, III., in 1S5S, and is a son of 
Clark and Elizabeth (Humphrey) Sperry, of 
whom the father was a native of the State of 
Ohio, and the mother, of Fulton County, 111. 

R. H. Sperry came with his parents to Mc- 
Donough County in 1859, when he was about 
one year old. He grew up on his father's farm, 
attended the public school in his boyhood and 
assisted in cultivating the place. Since he came 
into possession of the estate he has greatly in- 
creased its extent, buying more land from time 
to time, until he is now the owner of 400 acres. 
It is all in one tract situated in Sections 3, 10 
and 11, Mound Township. Here he has been 



ioo8 



HISTORY OF Mcdonough county. 



engaged in general farming and stock-raising 
for many years. He is a careful and thorough, 
farmer, and his work has been attended with 
the best results. 

Mr. Sperry was married in 1S85, to Emma 
Ditmore, who was born and schooled in New 
Jersey. Six children have been the result of 
this union, namely: Verne, Clarence, Zee, 
Harvey, Helen and Ben. Fraternally, Mr. Sper- 
ry is identified with the K. of P. and M. W. A. 

SPICER, John B., who was formerly a suc- 
cessful farmer in the vicinity of Bushnell, Mc- 
Donough County, 111., but has been for twenty- 
two years a prominent resident of Bushnell, 
where he is now living in retirement, was 
born in the State of Maryland in 1S34. He is 
a son of James H. and Priscilla (Ralph) Splcer, 
who were natives of Delaware. The parents 
of Mr. Spicer came to Quincy, 111., in 1S35; in 
1836 they moved to Vermont, Fulton County, 
and in 1S3S to Table Grove, which his father 
platted during that year. The family 
moved to McDonough County in 1854, 
where they located on a farm two and a 
half miles west of Bushnell. There the 
subject of this sketch, who had attended public 
school as opportimity offered, followed farming 
until 1863, when he engaged in the drug busi- 
ness in Bushnell, in partnership with his broth- 
er. On abandoning this enterprise he returned 
to the farm, where he continued until 1883. 
At that period he relinquished active work and 
took up his permanent residence in Bushnell. 

Mr. Spicer was united in marriage in 1S61 
with Sarah J. Medaris, who was born in Ohio. 
In politics, he supports the Prohibition party. 
His religious connection is with the Christian 
Church. He has served one term in the City 
Council of Bushnell and has officiated as 
Justice of the Peace for sixteen years. He 
is much respected in the community, and is 
enjoying in quiet retirement the well earned 
fruition of many years of industry, frugality 
and upright living. 

SPIKER, J. Fred, who is proprietor of a 
flourishing grocery and meat market in Bush- 
nell, McDonough County, 111., was born at La 
Harpe, 111., in 1875, a son of James E. and 
Caroline (Collins) Spiker. His father, who was 
engaged in mercantile pursuits, was born at 
ha. Harpe, and his mother is a native of Good 



Hope, 111. The early mental training of the 
subject of this sketch was received in the pub- 
lic schools of Roseville and Bushnell, in this 
State. After he reached the period of manhood, 
he applied himself to farming and followed that 
occupation until 1899. In that year he and his 
brother purchased the grocery and meat market 
of M. West, who had conducted the concern for 
several years. Mr. Spiker deals in all kinds of 
fancy and staple groceries, vegetables, fresh 
and salt meats, etc., and keeps an up-to-date 
store. He has not only retained the patronage 
enjoyed by his predecessor in the business, but 
by honest dealing, careful attention and agree- 
able manners, has succeeded in developing the 
trade into large proportions. Mr. Spiker was 
married October IS, 1904, to Grace H. Sample, 
an intelligent and estimable lady, who was born 
in Bushnell. rie devotes hi? attention so close- 
ly to his business affairs that he finds little 
time for political activity. Fraternally, he is 
affiliated with the Knights of Pj'thias. 

STALKY, William (deceased), formerly a sub- 
stantial and highly respected farmer of New 
Salem Township, McDonough County, 111., was 
born in Staffordshire, England, December 15, 
1832, a son of Robert and Ada (Blower) Staley, 
natives of England. Robert Staley was born 
November 16, 1790, and his wife January 8, 
1803, and they were married in England, Feb- 
ruary 13, 1830. The father was a dairyman 
by occupation, and followed this pursuit in Bol- 
ton, Staffordshire. In 1856, Robert Staley came 
with his family to the United States, landing in 
New York. He then proceeded to Fulton Coun- 
ty, 111., where he had a brother-in-law engaged 
in farming, and there applied himself to agri- 
cultural pursuits during the remainder of his 
life. He died August 13, 1867, and his wife 
passed away January 8, 186S, 

William Staley received his early education 
in the schools of his native country, where his 
boyhood and early manhood were spent. On 
the completion of his studies he went to work in 
the coal mines, continuing this occupation until 
twenty-one years of age, when he accompanied 
his parents to the land of his future adoption. 
He assisted his father on the farm in Fulton 
County, and after a while, togeiher with his 
brother Benjamin, bought a farm near the town 
of Vermont. Not being satisfied with the pur- 
chase, they afterward moved to New Salem 




f!^t^^ 



^C-^-^^^-^*;*-/^ 



HISTORY OF Mcdonough col'xty. 



1009 



Township, McDonough County, where they 
bought a quarter-section of land. This they 
divided after the marriage of VV'illiam Staley, 
and the latter carried on farming on his i)or- 
tion (eighty acres ) until his death, on October 
31, 1892. Mrs. Staley, after living on this place 
twenty-seven years, disposed of it and moved 
to JIacomb, where she bought a residence. 

On February 19, 1873, Mr. Staley was nian-ied 
to Nancy A. ularr, who was born in McDonough 
County, near Macomb. February 24. Ifs39. Mrs. 
Staley is a daughter of .Jonathan li. and Hep- 
sebeth (Hays) Marr. whose marriage took place 
in Tennessee. Her father was born in North 
Carolina, June 19, ISOO, and moved with his 
parents to East Tennessee. He died May 10, 
1884. Her mother was born October 7, 1800, 
and moved with her parents to West Tennes- 
see. She died September 16, 1S6S. On |)olit- 
ical issues, William Staley was identified with 
the Democratic party, and in religious belief 
adhered to the doctrines of the Cumberland 
Presbyterian Church. He was an upright man 
and a useful citizen, and in his death the church 
and the community suffered a serious loss. His 
estimable widow, who has many friends, is pass- 
ing her declining years in comfort at her pleas- 
ant home. No. 916 East Jackson street, Macomb. 

STANDARD, George W., a successful farmer in 
Section 19, Eldorado Township, McDonough 
County, HI., was born in this county, August 
11, 1867, and here received his education in the 
public school of his locality. He is a son of 
John Barrett and Sarah Jane (Lutton) Stand- 
ard, natives, respectively, of Kentucky and 
Pennsylvania. John Barrett Standard came 
with his parents to Industry > Tow^nship, Mc- 
Donough County, when eight years old. He 
lived under the paternal roof until his marriage, 
and spent the remainder of his life in this 
vicinity. He died April 1, 1889, his wife hav- 
ing passed away in 1877. 

George W. Standard is the youngest of the 
nine children which constitute the family of his 
parents. He remained at home, working on 
one of his father's farms, until he was nineteen 
years old. After his marriage he lived for two 
years on Section 17. Eldorado Townshij). and 
In 1889, moved to his present location. He is 
the owner of two farms, one containing 120 
acres, and the other 1.^9 acres. He Is engaged 
In general farming, conducts his operations 



with intelligent and progressive methods, and 
succeeds in securing the best results. 

Mr. Standard was married March 4, 1886, to 
Sallie Merrick, who was born in Industry, 111., 
and attended the public school in her neigh- 
borhood, and the Normal School at Rushville, 
111. Her father, John D. Merrick, a native of 
Vermont, 111., was a soldier in Company H, 
Fifty-fifth Regiment Illinois Volunteer Infantry, 
during the Civil War. He died January 17, 
1903. Her mother was. before marriage, Mary 
C. Leach, a native of Brandonville, W. Va. 
Mrs. Merrick lives in Industry, having had four 
children, three girls and a boy. Mr. and Mrs. 
Standard have six children, namely: Harry A., 
born April 15, 1887; Virgil T., born May 8, 
1889. and now a student in Hedding College, 
at Abingdon. 111.; Jeremiah, born April 21, 1891; 
Edness, born March 2, 189.>; Daniel Carroll, 
born August 20, 1897, and a son born April 19, 
1906. In politics, Mr. Standard maintains an 
independent position, supporting both men and 
measures according to the best interests of the 
public. His wife is a member of the Methodist 
Episcopal Church. 

STANLEY, George W., who has been engaged 
in farming in McDonough County, 111., for near- 
ly forty years, was born in Guilford County, 
X. C. on March 13, 1837. He Is a son of John 
and Lureny (Poe) Stanley, natives of North 
Carolina. Mr. Stanley left North Carolina when 
he was about thirteen years old. and lived for 
one year in Iowa. Thence he went to Hender- 
son County. 111., and thence came to McDonough 
County in 1SG7. There he located on Section 6, 
Walnut Grove Township, where he bought 163 
acres of land. Two years later he purchased 
eighty acres more, and has built up a fine 
place. 

On March 8, 1866, Mr. Stanley was married 
to Nancy A. Woods, who was born in Pennsyl- 
vania. Six children resulted from this union, 
namely: Ella. Ethen Otis. Mrs. Morllla L. 
Beaver, Lester, Effie and Leota. The mother of 
this family died on August 15, 1883. On Feb- 
ruary 18, 1885, Mr. Stanley married Cynthia 
A. Creel, who was born in McDonough County. 
Her father, Silas Creel, was born in Kentucky, 
and was an old settler in Macomb Township, 
where he was an elder in the church throughout 
his mature life. Her mother was formerly 
Elizabeth Bland, a native of Kentucky. Mrs. 



lOIO 



HISTORY OF Mcdonough county. 



Stanley was one of a family of twelve children, 
seven of whom are living. Politically, Mr. 
Stanley is a Republican, and has held the office 
of Road Commissioner and School Director. 

STIARWALT, C. M., formerly a successful 
farmer in Walnut Grove Township, McDon- 
ough County, III., and now retired from active 
business pursuits and residing in Good Hope, 
McDonough County, was born in Weston, Mo., 
on July 22, ISoO, a son of G. M. and Amanda 
(Merritt) Stiarwalt, natives of Ohio and Mis- 
souri, respectively. G. M. Stiarwalt went from 
Ohio to Missouri at an early period, and served 
as a soldier in the Mexican War. He was a 
carpenter by trade, and followed that occupation 
at Weston, Mo., moving subsequently to Knox 
County, 111., where he spent the remainder of 
his life. He was twice married, and was the 
father of two children by his first wife, six chil- 
dren resulting from the second union. 

C. M. Stiarwalt received his early educational 
training in the public schools of Knox County, 
111., where he was brought by his parents when 
he was five years of age. At the age of eight 
years, he began working on a farm, and in 
1S74 engaged in farming on his own account 
in Walnut Grove Township, continuing thus for 
a few years. In course of time he bought eighty 
acres of the farm he had rented, and is now the 
owner of 267 acres in that township, on which 
he has made nearly all the improvements. He 
carried on general farming and stock-raising, 
shiijping cattle to market. The farm is now 
operated by his son. In February, 1905, Mr. 
Stiarwalt moved to Good Hope, where he built 
a two-story and basement residence, thirty-two 
by fifty-two feet in dimensions, with all modern 
improvements, in which he makes his home. 

On November 6, 1873, the subject of this 
sketch was united In matrimony, in Fulton 
County, 111., with Hester Tuttle, who was born 
and educated in that county. Her parents, 
John and Elizabeth Tuttle, were former resi- 
dents of Ohio. Mr. and Mrs. Stiarwalt have a 
daughter, Elizabeth, and a son. Charles M. In 
politics, Mr. Stiarwalt is identified with the 
Democratic party, and served in the capacity of 
Town Clerk for a few years. In religious be- 
lief he accepts the doctrine of the United 
Brethren Church. At the age of flftj^-six years, 
in the unimpaired vigor of his bodily powers, 
he is now fortunate in being able to enjoy, 



exempt from care, the fruits of his early toil. 
He is a man of blameless life, and has an ex- 
cellent standing as a citizen. 

STINSON, William J., a leading druggist of 
Macomb, McDonough County, 111., was born in 
Philadelphia, Pa., February 28, 1854. His fa- 
ther and mother, Robert and Rebecca (Baird) 
Stinson, were natives of Ireland and Scotland, 
respectively, the former having been born in 
County Tyrone. His maternal grandfather, 
Matthew Baird, was a Scotchman. William J. 
Stinson is the youngest of twelve children, of 
whom six are now living. In childhood he at- 
tended the public school, and when twelve years 
old came to live with his sister, Mrs. George 
D. Keefer, at Macomb, and went to work in the 
drug store of George D. Keefer and Brother, 
remaining until 1S74, when, tor two years, he 
attended the Philadelphia School of Pharmacy. 
Returning to Macomb he again went to work for 
Keefer Brothers where he continued until 1S83. 
In that year he entered into partnership with 
L. N. Rost in the drug business, handling also 
paints and oils. In 188G he purchased the inter- 
est of Mr. Rost, and conducted the business 
next door to where he is now located until 1891, 
when he occupied his present store. Mr. Stin- 
son's business qualifications are conceded to be 
of a superior order, and he commands the con- 
fidence of the community as a thoroughly com- 
petent pharmacist. 

The subject of this sketch was married in 
September, 1885, to Lydia Rhinechild. a native 
of Pomeroy, Ohio, where she received her early 
education in the public school. Three children 
resulted from their union: Ethel Margaret, 
who died at the age of seven years; Lavina S., 
and Dorothy. In his political views, Mr. Stin- 
son is in harmony with the principles of the 
Democratic party. His religious connection is 
with the Presbyterian Church. 

STIRE, Richard (deceased), formerly one of 
the most worthy and highly esteemed citizens 
of Bushnell, McDonough County, 111., was born 
in Upper North Bethel, Pa., June 11, 1826, a 
son of Francis and Louise (Hagaman) Stire, 
natives of Pennsylvania. Mr. Stire's father was 
of Dutch nativity, being a member of a very 
prosperous family in his native Holland. The 
brothers-in-law of Francis Stire, the father, was 
instrumental in founding the famous Cooper In- 




o^?"^C7X^-*v^ 



HISTORY OF McDOXOUGH COUNTY. 



lOlI 



stitute. in Xew York. Richard Stire had five 
brothers and two sisters. He was one of the 
best known men of Bushnell, where he located 
in 1S83, although he first settled on a farm in 
the vicinity of the place in 1S3G. Nearly every 
one for miles around Bushnell knew him, and 
he had hosts of friends. He was a man of up- 
right character, pure life and of the strictest 
business integrity. He died March 11, 1904, 
from a stroKe of apoplexy. He was about to 
go to the opera House to attend a lecture, when 
the end came; falling insensible, he never re- 
gained consciousness and died in twenty 
minutes. 

On April 5, 1S53, Mr. Stire was united in mar- 
riage, in Detroit, Mich., with Margaret Craw- 
ford, a native of New Jersey, and a daughter of 
George and Catherine (Bowman) Crawford, a 
native of Canada. This union resulted in two 
children, namely: Howard, of Nebraska, and 
G. Francis, who died at the age of six years. 
For two years after their marriage Mr. and Mrs. 
Stire lived in Michigan, but in 18.55 went to 
Warren County, 111., where they spent one year 
on a farm, whence they moved to a homestead 
of IfiO acres just north of Bushnell, in McDon- 
ough County, which Mrs. Stire still owns. On 
l)olitical issues. Mr. Stire's views were in har- 
mony with the principles of the Democratic 
I)arty. He was confirmed in the Episcopal 
Church in August, 1865. but finding no organ- 
ization of that denomination in Bushnell, he 
united with the Presbyterian Church of that 
city. His connection with this church extended 
over a period of about twenty-nine years, during 
a part of this time officiating as elder. He was 
a conscientious, dutiful man and a useful cit- 
izen, and in his death the community suffered 
a most serious loss. 

STOCKER, Edward, a well-known jeweler and 
optician, who has been a resident of Macomb 
for more than fifty years, was born in St. Louis. 
Mo.. November 15, 1S52, a son of Lorenz and 
.Marguerite Barbara (Pechtold) Stocker. the 
former born in Schneckenlohe. Bavaria. Ger- 
many, and the latter in Neuses. Saxony. The 
paternal grandfather. Nicholas Stocker, was a 
native of Bavaria. Lorenz Stocker located in 
Macomb in 1854 and established himself in 
the jewelry business, in which he continued 
until May. 1S90, when he turned the concern 
over to his sons. Edward and Herman. He 



died October 12, ia03. Edward Stocker. who 
was the eldest of a family of eight children, 
obtained his education in the Macomb public 
schools and, at the age of twenty years, went to 
work with his father in the store, thus continu- 
ing until 18S0, when he was admitted to part- 
nership in the concern. In 18S7 he pursued a 
course of study under .1. E. Harper, in the Chi- 
cago Ophthalmic College, from which he was 
graduated. He returned to Macomb, and in 
1888 went to Laporte, Ind.. where he attended 
the watchmakers' school, from which he i-e- 
ceived a diploma. On December 22, 1880, Mr. 
Stocker was married to S. Ellen Forrest, who 
was born and schooled in McDonough County. 
They have one child, Edward Leroy, born March 
1. 1882. Mr. Stocker served for four years as 
a member of the School Board. In religious be- 
lief, he is a Universalist, and fraternally, is 
a member of the A. F. & A. M., Macomb Lodge 
No. 17. Macomb Commandery No. 01. and Morse 
Chapter No. 19. The subject of this sketch is 
an expert in his business, and his patronage is 
of the best, while as a citizen he is highly 
regarded. 

STOCKER, Lorenz L. (deceased), formerly the 
proprietor of the largest jewelry concern in 
McDonough County, 111., and in his life-time 
one of the leading citizens of Macomb, was 
born in Schneckenlohe. Bavaria. Germany. April 
26, 1830, and died in Macomb, October 12, 1903. 
He was a son of Nicholaus and Elizabeth 
(Prankenberger) Stocker, natives of Germany, 
and his father's occupation was that of a watch- 
maker. The subject of this sketch attended the 
public schools of Bavaria in his boyhood, where 
he applied himself diligently to his studies. 
As he was also a constant reader, he ultimately 
became a very intelligent man. In that coun- 
try, the compulsory school period of a boy is 
terminated at the age of thirteen. After his 
schooling was completed, young Stocker studied 
music and assisted his father in the watchmak- 
ing line. On August 17, 1851, he came to the 
United States and located in St. Louis. Mo., 
where he spent three years, thence coming to 
Macomb in the fall of 1854. At that period 
he started in the jewelry trade with little 
means, and in the course of time developed the 
largest business of the kind in the county. 
His first location was on the west side of the 
Square in the same building with John Brown's 



IOI2- 



HISTORY OF Mcdonough county. 



clothing store, from which he moved to the 
south side where Binnie's Bank now stands. In 
1860 he built a store where the concern is now 
located, afterward enlarging it to its present 
size. In 1890 he withdrew from active par- 
ticipation in the enterprise and was succeeded 
by his sons, Edward and Herman, who still 
conduct it. Mr. Stocker accumulated a com- 
petency, and held stock in both of the Macomb 
sewer-pipe companies and in the Union National 
Bank. During his residence in Macomb, he 
made three trips to Europe, and traveled some- 
what in the United States. 

On January 1, 1852, at St. Louis, Mo., Mr. 
Stocker was wedded to Marguerita Barbara Pech- 
told, whose parents were natives of Germany. 
Eight children resulted from this union, one 
of whom died in infancy. The others are as 
follows: Edward, Amelia (Mrs. Johnson), Jo- 
sephine (Mrs. Odenweiler), and Herman, all ot 
Macomb; Adolph, who was drowned in 
Killjordon Creek, July 7, 1869, aged nine 
years and six months; and Pauline (Mrs. Por- 
ter), of Syracuse. N. Y. Politically, Mr. Stocker 
was a Republican until 1S65 or 1866, when he 
became a Democrat. He was a member of the 
Board of Education of Macomb for ten years. 
Religiously, his views nearly coincided with the 
creed of the Universalist Church. In fraternal 
circles, he was identified with the A. F. & A. M., 
being a Knight Templar and a member of the 
Chapter and Commandery. He was also affil- 
iated with the I. 0. O. F. He was a man of 
keen business perception, and one of the most 
energetic, diligent and upright merchants of his 
adopted city. The deceased was also a thor- 
oughly qualified musician, especially prominent 
as a violinist and organist. He was, in fact, 
the leading instrumental performer in the coun- 
ty; was the leader and instructor of two bands 
in Macomb which were noted throughout the 
Military Tract, and did much to educate the 
community in high-class music. 

STREMMEL, Samuel Calhoun, M. D.— The 
family ot which Dr. Samuel Calhoun Stremmel. 
of Macomb, is a worthy representative, owes 
its American establishment to the Doctor's 
great-grandfather, a native of Germany, who 
settled in Jefferson. York County, Pa., which 
was the home also of George Stremmel, the 
paternal grandfather. George Stremmel. son of 
■George and father of Samuel Calhoun, was 



born in 1822 and married Mary Brodbeck, who 
was born in 1830. The young couple devoted 
their energies to farming, and, after a few years 
near Jefferson, York County, Pa., moved to 
Gettysburg, Pa., where Samuel Calhoun was 
born July 23, 1863, and where his mother died 
in 1868. 

While making himself useful on his father's 
farm. Dr. Stremmel attended the district school, 
and, at the age of fifteen, became a pupil in the 
Gettysburg High School. A year later he 
entered the preparatory department of Penn- 
sylvania College, in the same town, but after 
two years was obliged to exchange study for 
teaching in Gettysburg, owing to meager finan- 
cial resources. Coming to Astoria, 111., at the 
end of a year, he engaged in educational work 
in the town and vicinity for three years, and 
entered the College of Physicians and Surgeons, 
at Chicago, from which he was graduated in the 
class of 1889. Locating in Macomb, he began 
his professional career with material assets ag- 
gregating five dollars, augmented by such in- 
valuable aids as thorough preparation and 
scholarship, determination and large capacity 
for industry. Beginning in 1902, he took four 
courses in the Chicago Post-Graduate College, 
and supplemented these by a term in the Post- 
Graduate Hospital in New York. 

The professional career of Dr. Stremmel has 
been remarkably successful, and has won him a 
reputation by no means local in extent. The 
skill he has evidenced and the confidence he 
has invoked have brought him many of the 
most gratifying and substantial compensations 
of his calling. Of these, none is more worthy 
of mention than his connection as Surgeon-ln- 
chief at the Marietta Phelps Hospital. While 
this hospital reflects the splendid generosity of 
one of Macomb's best known and most char- 
itable women, it is no less an expression, from 
the inception of its plan to its present promi- 
nence among community interests, of the per- 
sonality and achievement of Dr. Stremmel. De- 
cember 22, 1899, the Doctor was called to set 
the broken arm of Mrs. Phelps, his treatment 
resulting in the complete recovery of the pa- 
tient. Developing profound confidence in the 
professional and business ability of her physi- 
cian, Mrs. Phelps proposed a donation of $10,- 
200 for the establishment and maintenance 
of a hospital, providing Dr. Stremmel would 
assume entire responsibility for its manage- 




CJLa^^A^.n.^^^^^^'C-,*^ *o , 




HISTORY OF McDOXOUGH COUNTY. 



IOI5 



menl and control. After due consideration tlie 
Doctor submitted to Mrs. Phelps the provisos 
of his acceptance, viz.: that the donation be 
made to some organization of nurses, that it 
be made to the City of Macomb and to a Board 
of Trustees. After several weeks Mrs. Phelps 
rejected these proposals, and insisted upon 
making the donation as an individual one to 
Dr. Stremmel or not at all. Confronted with 
the responsibility of deciding whether or not 
Macomb should profit by so necessary an ad- 
junct to its interests as a hospital. Dr. Strem- 
mel accepted the proposal of the donor, and 
forthwith took necessary steps towards the 
erection and equipment of the institution. 
While it was in process of construction, it be- 
came apparent that the donation would fall far 
short of the required sum, and in this emergen- 
cy Dr. Stremmel himself made up the deficien- 
cy, which amounted to about $7,500. At the 
end of five years the success of the hospital had 
been assured to the extent that an addition was 
necessary, and an outlay of $10,000 resulted in 
an increase of capacity and equipment conform- 
ing to the most modern and scientific of hos- 
pital ideals. At the present time there are 
thirty beds for the accommodation of patients, 
and in connection a training school is main- 
tained, which, under the able manaftement of 
Miss Mathilda Hoffman, is producing graduates 
whose efficiency is recognized by the State As- 
sociation of Trained Nurses. Besides Dr. 
Stremmel, the Surgeon-in-chief, the hospital 
staff consists of Dr. J. B. Holmes, assistant 
surgeon; Dr. F. Russel, eye, ear, nose and 
throat specialist ; Dr. Henry Knappenberger, kid- 
ney and heart; Dr. Elizabeth Miner, gynecolo- 
gist; Dr. R. C. Sloan, diseases of the skin; Dr. 
Kemper Westfall, diseases of children; Dr. E. 
P. Jarvis, pathologist; and Dr. W. S. Adams, 
physician and osteopath. In the institution 
founded by her generosity, Mrs. Phelps spent 
the last years of her lite, her death occurring 
there in January, 1901, at the age of eighty-sev- 
en years. 

In addition to his other responsibilities, Dr. 
Stremmel has been a member of the Macomb 
Board of Health for the past twelve years. He 
is prominent fraternally, and is identified with 
the Macomb Lodge No. 17, A. F. & A. M., the 
Morse Chapter No. 19, Macomb Commandery 
No. 61, Mohammed Temple of the Mystic 
Shrine, of Peoria; the Montrose Lodge K. of P., 



and the Jack Oak Camp No. 102, M. W. of A. 
The marriage of Dr. Stremmel and Effie Steph- 
ens occurred May 25, 1887, Mrs. Stremmel being 
of English descent. George Stephens Stremmel, 
born April 14, 1897, is the only child of this 
union. Politically, the Doctor is a stanch Re- 
publican. 

STUART, James William, who is successfully 
operating a machine and wagon shop in Ma- 
comb, McDonough County, 111., was born iji 
Schuyler County, 111., November 2, 18G7, and 
there attended public school. He is a son of 
James and Margaret (Parks) Stuart, natives, 
respectively, of Scotland and Ireland. The fa- 
ther, James Stuart, came from Scotland to the 
United States and located in Pike County, 111., 
in 1825. In 1832 he moved to Schuyler County, 
111., and entered government land, finally own- 
ing 320 acres. He and his wife were the par- 
ents of eleven children, of whom the subject of 
this sketch was one of three boys. 

At the age of twenty-one years James W. 
Stuart came to Macomb, and worked at the 
carpenter's trade one year. He was then em- 
ployed for five years in R. H. Massey's black- 
smith and machine shop. This property he 
purchased of Mr. Massey, and has since con- 
ducted the business. His brother, Charles H., 
was in partnership with him for six years, 
when Mr. Stuart bought him out. He is en- 
gaged in general repair work on farming im- 
plements and all kinds of machines, and in the 
manufacture of wagons. In this line his expe- 
rience and skill have secured for him a good 
patronage, upon which he bestows faithful at- 
tention. He is considered absolutely reliable in 
his dealin.gs. and enjoys the implicit confidence 
of all who know him. 

Mr. Stuart was married September 9, 1S91, 
to Olive M. Thompson, who was born and 
schooled in McDonough County. Two children, 
Ethel L. and Howard T., are the issue of this 
union. In politics, Mr. Stuart supports the 
Republican party. His religious connection is 
with the Baptist Church of Macomb, in which 
he is a prominent and very useful member. 
He has been Chairman of its Village Board of 
Trustees four years, and was for eighteen 
months Superintendent of its Sunday School. 
During the erection of the new Baptist Church 
edifice he served as Chairman of the Building 
Committee. Fraternally, the subject of this 



IOI4 



HISTORY OF Mcdonough county. 



sketch is affiliated witli the K. of P.. I. O. O. F., 
M. W. A., R. A. M. and M. W. 

SULLIVAN, Thomas D., the well-known bank- 
er of Industry, McDonough County, 111., was 
born in Chalmers Township, McDonough Coun- 
ty, 111., August 5, 1S5S, and received his early 
school training in the town of Industry. He is 
a son of William and Sarah A. (Adkisson) Sul- 
livan, the former a native of the State of Penn- 
sylvania, and the latter, of Tennessee. The 
subject of this sketcn, after his school days were 
over, entered into business on his own responsi- 
bility at the age of sixteen years, at first eon- 
ducting a restaurant and subsequently becom- 
ing associated with his brother, Henry C. Sul- 
livan, as partner in a hardware store. To their 
stock of hardware were afterwards added dry- 
goods, boots and shoes, and a general line of 
merchandise. After going out of business in 
Industry, in 1S94 Mr. Sullivan changed his 
residence to Macomb, where he spent about five 
years. He then returned to Industry, and, in 
1901, established himself in the banking busi- 
ness, and in this sphere he has prospered and 
made a good record, as he did in the ente;-- 
prise in which he was previously engaged. 

On January 13, 1884, Mr. Sullivan was 
united in marriage with Mary M. Anstine, who 
was born in Industry Township, and obtained 
her early education in the town of Industry. 
Three children have been the offspring of this 
union, namely: Katy L., Leon Bain and Ken- 
neth H. Politically, Mr. Sullivan casts his 
vote and exerts his influence in favor of the 
Prohibition party. Fraternally, Mr. Sullivan is 
affiliated with the Masonic Order and the Mystic 
Workers. He is a man of superior business 
ability and much energy and force of character. 

SWEENEY, Charles Peter, a well-known and 
prosperous farmer living in Eldorado Town- 
ship, McDonough County, 111., was born in Ful- 
ton County, 111., February 12, 1863, a son of 
James and Brdget (Green) Sweeney. Both par- 
ents were natives of Ireland, the father born 
in County Tyrone, and the mother in County 
Roscommon. Charles Sweeney, the paternal 
grandfather, was a native of County Tyrone. 
James Sweeney came to the United States and 
located in New York City, where he engaged 
in railroad work and followed the trade of a 



stone and brick mason. He also devoted at- 
tention to this trade in different parts of Penn- 
sylvania, besides this working at times as a 
coal-miner. In 1863 he came to Fulton County, 
111., where, during the first winter, he was em- 
ployed in a packing house by Joab Mershon. 
Subsequently, for six years, he lived in the 
vicinity of Vermont, 111., engaged in digging 
coal. In 1871, he bought a farm of eighty 
acres on Section 24, in Eldorado Township, 
to which he moved with his family. Here he 
remained until his death, March 31, 1887. His 
widow passed away September 13, 1893. 

Charles P. Sweeney is the youngest of a fam- 
ily of five children, the remainder of whom 
were girls. He attended the district schools 
and remained under the paternal roof until 
his father's death, and then purchased the inter- 
ests of the other heirs. He now owns a farm 
of 126 acres, on which he is engaged in general 
farming and raising cattle, hogs and horses. 
Besides this occupation he has a coal bank with 
a thirty-four-inch vein, on which he generally 
keeps four men employed during the season, 
the mine being operated by a foreman. Mr. 
Sweeney was married January 17, 1894, to Ellen 
McGirr, who was born in Lewistown, Fulton 
County, 111., and received her education in the 
public ani high schools in her vicinity. Four 
children have resulted from this union, namely: 
James Leo, born January 4, 1895, died June 9. 
1904; William, born June 14, 1896; Winifred, 
born September 1, 1898, and died in infancy; and 
Ellen Marie, born July 9, 1904. Mrs. Sweeney's 
parents were William and Winifred (McEvely) 
McGirr, both natives of Ireland — her father of 
County Tyrone and her mother, of County Mayo. 
Winifred McEvely came to the United States 
with her parents when she was two years of 
age, and died In Fulton County, 111., June 17, 
1896. William McGirr, her husband, emigrated 
to this county with an uncle when he was fif- 
teen years of age, and after a short stay in New 
York, went to New Hampshire, where he was 
employed in a woolen factory. He located in 
Fulton County, 111., in the '50s, where he en- 
gaged in the same line of work, and where he 
still resides, a faithful Catholic and a stanch 
Democrat. Mr. Sweeney is a thorough farmer, 
and his management of his agricultural and 
mining interests is characterized by marked 
energy and close attention to business. 



HisTuRY OF Mcdonough county. 



1015 



TABLER, Harry M., a well-known attorney-at- 
law of Macomb. .McDonough Coiint.v. Ill,, was 
born in Tennessee Township. McDonous;h Coun- 
ty, February 24, 1S6S, a son of .James D. and 
Sarah tWaddill) Tabler. His father was born 
in Hancock County, 111., and his mother in Hills 
Grove, McDonough County, that State. His pa- 
ternal grandparents were Thomas and Louisa 
(Owen) Tabler. natives of Virginia and Ohio, 
respectively, and his maternal icrandparents. 
Wesley and Mary (Lawyer) Waddill, were born 
respectively in Tennessee and Ohio. Mr. Tab- 
ler attended the public schools in his neighbor- 
hood and afterward pursued a course of study 
in the Western Illinois Normal School and 
Branch College of Macomb. He taught school 
in this county for five years, in the meantime 
studying law evenings and Saturdays. He also 
read law with Judge Breeden two and a half 
years. In May. 1S94. Mr. Tabler was admit- 
ted to the bar in Macomb, and opened a law 
office on the northwest corner of the Square, 
in company with William Omipton. He subse- 
quently practiced alone for two years at the 
same place. In the fall of 1900 he took a po- 
sition in the credit and collection department 
of the Deering Harvester Companv, at Chicago, 
but two years later returned to Macomb and 
opened an office on the east side of the Square. 

The subject of this sketch was united in mar- 
riage January 29, 1903, w^ith Josephine Agnew, 
who was bom and schooled in McDonough 
County. She also taught school for one year; 
then was stenographer in her brother's law of- 
fice for nine years and in September. 1902. re- 
ceived the appointment as stenographer in the 
State Normal at Macomb, a position she still 
holds. 

In politics, Mr. Tabler is in accord with the 
Republican party. In 1S90. he served as census 
enumerator of Lamoine Township and was elect- 
ed City Attorney in the spring of 190.5. Frater- 
nally, he is connected with the I. O. O. F. and 
M. W. A. Professionally and socially, he is well 
regarded in Macomb. 

TANNEHILL, William H., a successful cattle 
dealer, who is the owner of 160 acres of land 
in Walnut Grove Township. McDonough County, 
111., was born in Fort Madison, Iowa. September 
3, 1S39. His father, .John F. Tannehlll, is a na- 
tive of Ohio, and his mother, Oletha P. (King) 
Tannehlll, was born in East Tennessee. Mr. 



Tannehill's grandfather entered 240 acres of 
land in Section 7, Walnut Grove Township, at 
an early period. John F. Tannehill came to 
what is now Mound Church, in that township, 
when the subject of this sketch was three years 
old and has lived here ever since, being now 
ninety-two years old, while his wife has reached 
the age of eighty-four years. He still owns 
the homestead taken up by the grandfather. 
William H. Tannehill was reared to farming, 
and followed that occupation until about 1890, 
when he went into the business of buying and 
shipping cattle and hogs, in which he has done 
well. 

On September 1. 1876. Mr. Tannehill was mar- 
ried to Esther J. Mathews, who was born in 
McDonough County. This union resulted in 
two children: Anna (Mrs. Barlow), and Har- 
vey. On June 30, 1904. Mr. Tannehill was mar- 
ried to Ella Keith, a native of Bartholomew 
County, Ind. Politically. Mr. Tannehill is a 
Republican, and fraternally, a member of the 
I. O. O. F. 

TAYLOR, Bentley W., a iirominent and suc- 
cessful farmer, living in Scotland Township, 
McDonough County, 111., was born in Chester 
County, Pa., February 10, 1861, a son of Wil- 
liam and Hannah (Pyle) Taylor, natives of 
Chester County, Pa. After attending public 
school in his boyhood, Mr. Taylor pursued a 
course of study at .\bingdon College, and then, 
at the age of sixteen years, went back to Mont- 
rose, Pa., to learn the printer's trade, at which 
he worked three years. After masterin.g the 
trade, he returned to his home, where he re- 
mained until he was of age. At that period 
he went to work on a farm in Champaign Coun- 
ty, where he stayed two yeai-s. One year after 
his return to McDonough County, he and his 
brother bought a farm in Emmet Township, 
and eight years later he i)urchased land in 
Scotland Townshi)), in which he now owns 160 
acres, having sold the Emmet Township farm. 
He bought his present place in 1901. 

On June 1. 1887, Mr. Taylor was united in 
marriage with Alice J. Clark, who was born in 
Scotland Township, and three children are the 
offspring of this union, namely: Ralph. .-Xnna 
and Frank. In religious faith. Mr. Taylor is 
a Presbyterian. Politically, he follows the for- 
tunes of the Republican party. He held the 
office of Supervisor two years, and after an In- 



ioi6 



HISTORY OF Mcdonough counts. 



terniission of two years was again elected Su- 
pervisor in 1904, in eacli instance liis public 
service being ably and faithfully performed. 

TAYLOR, Charles W., serving at present as 
Sheriff of McDonough County, 111., and also en- 
gaged in agricultural pursuits, was bom in 
Chester County, Pa., February 20, 1849. His 
parents were William W. and Hannah (Pyle) 
Taylor, natives of Chester County, Pa., the 
mother being a daughter of James Pyle, of that 
county. They came to Bloomington, 111., in 1869 
and remained there one year, when they moved 
to McDonough County, where the father pur- 
sued the occupation of a farmer, having pur- 
chased a farm in Scotland Township. Charles 
W. Taylor received his early education in the 
public schools and in the military school at 
Westchester, Pa. He went to Ohio at the age 
of seventeen years, and after working five years 
at the carpenter's trade came to Macomb, III., 
where he was engaged in the same line of work 
for two years. Then he spent four years in 
the meat business, after which he bought a 
farm in Summit Township, where he lived eight- 
een years. 

Mr. Taylor was first married in 1870, to Laura 
Miller, who was born in Columbiana County, 
Ohio, and there received her schooling. She 
died February 14, 1893. His second marriage 
occurred in November, 1S98. The children of 
the family are: William, Jessie, Maud, Marie, 
Leroy and Walter. In politics, Mr. Taylor is a 
Republican. He served as Highway Commis- 
sioner of Summit Township for eight years, 
and was elected Sheriff of McDonough County 
in November, 1902, his term expiring in 1906. 
Fraternally, Mr. Taylor is a member of the 
Masonic order (Macomb Lodge No. 17), and the 
I. O. O. F. (Macomb Lodge No. 145). 

TAYLOR, John H., who is well known in Ma- 
comb, 111., as one of the proprietors of a coal 
and feed store, was born on his father's farm 
in McDonough County, in March, 1860. and re- 
ceived his early training in the common schools. 
His father and mother, William and Mary 
(Goodwin) Taylor, were natives of England. 
Mr. Taylor is the youngest of three children 
born to his parents. When he was four years 
of age his father died and, at the age of sev- 
enteen years, he went to England with his 
mother and sister. There he worked as a coal- 



miner between eight and nine years, and then 
returned to the home farm, which has thirty 
acres occupied in the cultivation of fruit, and 
on which he makes his home. His mother died 
in 1898. He and his brother William have been 
dealing in hay, straw, coal and feed In Ma- 
comb since 1S97. 

Mr. Taylor was married, in 1SS9, to Margaret 
Spoomore, who was born in McDonough County, 
where she pursued her studies in the common 
schools. They have two adopted children: 
Richard and Lula. Politically, Mr. Taylor sup- 
ports the principles of the Republican party. 
He has held the offices of Road Master, Com- 
missioner, Pathmaster and Constable in Chal- 
mers Township. 

In business affairs Mr. Taylor is careful, ener- 
getic and reliable, and is well regarded in the 
community. 

TERRILL, David Edward, the senior member 
of the firm of Terrill Brothers, general mer- 
chants of Colchester, w-as born in the place 
where he now resides, September 20, 1869, be- 
ing the eighth of the ten children of Thomas 
and Jeannette (Cowan) Terrill, mention of 
whom is made in another part of this work. 
Like his father, Mr. Terrill has worked his 
way up from discouraging conditions, and his 
educational and general advantages have been 
those of maturity rather than youth. At the 
age of thirteen years he began work in the Col- 
chester coal mines, but he was soon forced 
out by the prevailing labor law, which pre- 
vented the employment of boys under fourteen 
years of age. For a year he remained in the 
public school, and then went back to work in 
the dreary coal mines. The coal raining days 
of Mr. Terrill terminated in 1883, when his fa- 
ther and brothers established their general 
store in Colchester. He became a general de- 
liveryman for the firm, and was thus employed 
until purchasing an intei-est in the business 
in 1896. In 1904 he secured entire control of 
the concern in company with his brother Henry, 
and the two since have operated under the 
firm name of Terrill Brothers. The store is 
admirably conducted, and facilities are offered 
for the most modern and complete methods of 
merchandising. For its operation the services 
are required of from ten to fifteen persons, 
according to the season, and the policy is 
maintained of supplying the best possible goods 



HISTORY OF Mcdonough couxty. 



1017 



for the least money. Courtesy and' considera- 
tion is encouraged and insisted on by all in 
the employ of the establishment, and neatness 
and order prevail in every department 

The marriage of Mr. Terrill to Edith M. 
Webb occurred in Macomb, October 12, 1S92. 
Mrs. Terrill is a native of Macomb, but for 
a time was a dweller in Arkansas, Tennessee 
and Colchester, 111. To Mr. and Mrs. Terrill 
have been born two children: Sela Alene and 
Dean Edwin. Mr. Terrill attends the Christian 
Church, of which his wife is an active mem- 
ber. He is a Republican in politics, but has 
no official aspirations. Fraternally, he is con- 
nected with the Independent Order of Odd Fel- 
lows and the Knights of Pythias. He is a wide- 
awake and progressive merchant, keenly alive 
to the best interests of his native town, and in 
his character and attainments representing that 
reliable and thrifty class which may be counted 
on in any financial or general emergency. 

TERRILL, Henry. — The general mercantile es- 
tablishment of Henry and Edward Terrill, at 
Colchester, covers the largest floor space, and 
does about the largest business, of any con- 
cern of its kind in McDonough County. At its 
head are two comparatively young men of both 
insight and experience, who thoroughly un- 
derstand their occupation and enjoy the confi- 
dence and hearty support of the community. 
The merits of the family are too well known 
to require recapitulation or emphasis here, and 
special mention being made elsewhere in this 
work of its founder, Thomas Terrill, a hardy 
Cornwallian, who rose to wealth and promi- 
nence througn the most elemental conditions, 
and who, witn the help of his wife, .leannette 
(Cowan) Terrill, a native of Nova Scotia, 
reared to useful and practical careers a large 
family of children. 

Henry Terrill was born in Colchester. 111.. 
August 2, IS.^S, and at the age of thirteen, leav- 
ing the school room, began work in the coal 
mines near Colchester, where, at the end of 
ten years, he was advanced to the position of 
hoisting engineer. In 18S7, with his father and 
two brothers, he embarked in the mercantile 
business, dealing in groceries, clothing, dry- 
goods, boots and shoes, etc.. under the firm 
name of Terrill & Sons. The firm and busi- 
ness underwent various changes between its 
establishment and 1904, in which vear the firm 
26 



name was changed to Henry and Edward Ter- 
rill, under which it still is doing business, cater- 
ing to a large town and country trade. 

On March 2o. isso, Mr. Terrill married .Mar- 
tha Usher, who was born in Pleasant View, 111., 
a daughter of George Usher, who now makes 
his home with his daughter and son-in-law. 
Mr. Usher was born in New Castle-on-Tyne, 
England, May 1, 1S23, a son of Walter and 
Emma (W'ier) Usher, natives of the same place. 
Mr. Usher was sixteen years old when he canie 
to the United States and settled in Zanesville, 
Ohio, whence he removed to Schuyler County, 
III., in lS.it. He came to Colchester In 1862, 
and thereafter lollowed his occupf:tion of min- 
ing for the remainder of his active life. April 
20, 1S46. he married Margaret Underbill, who 
was born in Zanesville, Ohio, September 22, 
1829, and who became the mother of six chil- 
dren: Anna, Jane, Emma, Hannah, Angelica 
and Martha. Mr. Usher is a Democrat in poli- 
tics, and in religion a Methodist. Mr. and Mrs. 
Terrill are the parents of three children: Fred, 
Earl and George. 

Politically, Mr. Terrill is a Republican, and 
in addition to holding the office of County 
Treasurer from 1S9S to 1902. has served as Su- 
pervisor of his township since 1903, acting also 
as Overseer of the Poor during the same period. 
Fraternally, he is connected with the Inde- 
pendent Order of Odd Fellows, Modern Wood- 
men of America. Benevolent Protertive Order of 
Elks, Knights of Pythias, Rebekahs and Royal 
Neighbors. He is a capable and energetic busi- 
ness man, and a popular and public-spirited 
citizen. 

TERRILL, Thomas (deceased).— The energy 
and wealth of McDonough County have been re- 
cruited from many parts of the world, but to 
no country does it owe more of courage and 
practical achievement than to the region com- 
prising the British Isles. In many instances 
men almost primitive in their educational 
equipment have grappled splendidly with the 
opportunities here presented, and upon their 
departure from accustomed surroundings, have 
left a record for integrity and general worth as 
encouraging as it was useful and difficult of 
attainment. To such a class belonged Thomas 
Terrill, who was born in County Cornwall, 
southwestern England, February 28, 1833, a son 
of Thomas Henry Terrill, who was identified. 



ioi8 



HISTORY OF Mcdonough county. 



for his entire active life, with the gloomy occu- 
pation of mining in Cornwall. 

The youth of Thomas Terrill was a hard and 
colorless one. He knew nothing of the pleas- 
ures and diversions which so richly visit the 
boyhood of American boys, for at the age of 
seven he went to work in the mines of Pennsyl- 
vania, to which his parents had in the mean- 
time removed, continuing thus until he came to 
Illinois in 1854. This being before the days of 
the railroad, he traveled overland and by 
river to his destination at Galesburg, In Knox 
County, bringing with him his wife and their 
first born son, .John. The former was Jeannette 
Cowan, a native of Nova Scotia, who received 
her education at Sharon, Pa., and to whom 
he was married on November 2, 1853. By 
stage he soon after made his way to McDonough 
County, settling in Colchester, which at that 
time consisted of an aggregation of five or six 
houses. He engaged in mining in the coal 
fields near Colchester until 1868, when he was 
employed as mine foreman by the Quincy Coal 
Company, owning large coal mines near Col- 
chester. This position he retained with credit 
for twenty-eight years, and in the meantime 
laid by considerable money and established a 
reputation for conscientious and honest labor. 
He was particularly fitted for his position as 
foreman, having patience, consideration and 
sympathy, and it was his good fortune never 
to have had any trouble with his men, and to 
retain the good will and friendship of all. It 
is said of him that he never made an enemy in 
the world. Although he might have lived in 
comparative comfort on what he already had 
made, Mr. Terrill seemed unwilling to retire 
from active life, and in 1887, with his three 
sons, established a general store in Colchester, 
under the firm name of Terrill & Sons. He had 
the qualities which contribute to successful 
merchandising, and lived to see his store en- 
larged and well patronized and a sharer In the 
confidence and stability of the town. Ten years 
after he entered into mercantile business Mr. 
Terrill died, on September 27, 1897, and 
thereafter the business was conducted by his 
wife and sons until May, 1904, when it passed 
into the possession of Henry and Edward Ter- 
rill, who since have conducted it under the 
firm name of Terrill Brothers. 

Mr. Terrill was a Republican in politics, and 
in religion, a Methodist. Fraternally, he was 
connected with the Colchester Miners' Friendly 



Society. Besides John, who was born in Penn- 
sylvania, he had nine children; William, 
Henry, Eliza Jane, Eliza, Robert, Mary, Ed- 
ward, Samuel and Clara. Under a rough ex- 
terior Mr. Terrill carried a heart of gold and 
a brain which responded to every demand of 
business or social life. A mining foreman, and 
later a successful merchant, he necessarily 
evidenced business and general knowledge; yet 
he never attended school a day, nor did he know 
much of books or the advantages thereof. He 
was. nevertheless, credited with being the 
shrewdest mathematical calculator in the coun- 
ty, and no one could worst him when it came 
to figuring out a knotty problem. The energy 
that many men put into research through books 
he expended in practical observation, and, in 
consequence, he had a remarkably accurate 
knowledge of human nature, and a well de- 
veloped trading instinct. His word was as 
good as his bond, and he won and held through 
life the confidence and respect of the entire 
community. 

THOMAS, James B., formerly a well-known 
and skillful mason, now living in Macomb, 111., 
was born at Natchez, Miss., February 4, 1839, 
a son of Ezra and Elizabeth (Hutchinson) Thom- 
as, the former a native of Steuben County, 
New York, and the latter, born in Maine. 
Daniel Thomas, the paternal grandfather, was 
a native of Scotland, and the maternal grand- 
parents, H. H. and Catherine (Beckley) Hutch- 
inson, were of German origin. Ezra Thomas 
moved from New York State to Springfield, 
Ohio, and thence to AVhitehall, 111., where his 
father was buried in 1832. Afterward he went 
to St. Clair County, III., where he spent a year, 
going thence to Mississippi, where he lived 
until 1840, and then returned to St. Louis. 
James B. Thomas lived at St. Louis until July 
28, ISGl, when he enlisted in Company I, Ninth 
Regiment Illinois Volunteer Infantry, mustered 
in at Cairo, 111., which became mounted in 1862 
and was mustered out at Springfield, 111.. Au- 
gust 20, 1864. His regiment participated in 
one hundred and ten engagements, his com- 
manding officers being Colonel E. A. Paine and 
Capt. J. G. Robinson. It was the first regiment 
at Fort Donelson, lost more than sixty per cent, 
of its number at Pittsburg Landing, and took 
part in the Battle of Corinth. After his honor- 
able discharge from the army, Mr. Thomas 




^ 7>T<^<^''V'^ 



HISTORY OF Mcdonough couxty. 



1019 



came to Madison County, 111., where he re- 
mained until he was married, following his 
trade of brlclv mason. In 1S91 he went to Ne- 
vada, Mc, and staid there until 1895, coming 
thence to Macomb, where he retired from ac- 
tive labors. 

Mr. Thomas was twice married, first to 
Martha Posey, a native of Madison County, 111., 
who was born in August, 1839, and died No- 
vember 1, 1899. She left two daughters: Susan 
(Mrs. E. L. Kemper), of Los Angeles, Cal., and 
Mary (Mrs. H. N. Killingsworth), of Fulton, 
Mo. On March 24, 1901, he married, as his 
second wife, Mrs. Anna (Keeler) Walker, 
widow of Solomon Walker, who died December 
15, 1899, leaving besides his widow, one daugh- 
ter, Mary, who married J. L. Killingsworth, of 
Peoria. The second Mrs. Thomas was born in 
Dover, England. In 1903 Mr. and Mrs. Thomas 
made a European tour of three months, visiting 
various cities and points of interest in England, 
Scotland, Ireland and France. This was Mrs. 
Thomas' second trip abroad, as she had at- 
tended the Paris Exposition of 1878. They have 
many views and souvenirs of their travels in 
the Old World, which recall the most pleas- 
ant memories and which serve to impress upon 
the already well stored minds of the owners, 
spots rich in native scenery and historic as- 
sociations. Politically, Mr. Thomas is a Dem- 
ocrat, and fraternally, is affiliated with the 
I. O. O. P. 

THOMAS, Robert, one of the most prominent 
and substantial citizens of Macomb, McDonough 
County. III., where he is successfully engaged 
in buying and shipping live-stock (having re- 
tired from active farming operations), was born 
in Pickaway County, Ohio, July 27, 1849, a son 
of William and Catherine (Anderson) Thomas, 
natives of Virginia, where the father was born 
in 1S07, and the mother in 1810. The paternal 
grandfather. Eli Thomas, was a Kentuckian, 
while James and Catherine (Phelps) Ander- 
son, the maternal grandparents, were natives 
of Virginia. William Thomas removed to Fair- 
field County, Ohio, with his parents, when a 
boy, and lived on a farm until his death. In 
1858. sometimes working at the shoemaking 
trade. He and his wife were the parents of 
twelve children — eight boys and four girls — 
of whom Robert is the tenth in order of birth. 
In 1859, the mother came to Pennington's Point 



(now in Salem Township), McDonough County, 
with her family of six children and located on 
a farm. Robert remained with his mother until 
he was fourteen years old, when he enlisted at 
Springfield, 111., in Company I, Eighteenth 
Regiment Illinois Volunteer Infantry, under 
Col. Mike Lawler. His regiment was stationed 
at Little Rock, Ark., six months, and at Pine 
Bluff, Ark., four months; was afterwards sent 
to Fort Steele, Ark., where he was mustered 
out in December, 1SG5. He then returned to his 
home in McDonough County, and remained with 
his mother until 1871, when he married and 
went to farming in New Salem Township. In 
1882 Mr. Thomas abandoned farming and en- 
gaged in the stock-buying business in Macomb. 
This he continued until 1894, when he was 
elected Sheriff of McDonough County. After 
serving four years in this office, he resumed 
business and is still buying and shipping stock. 
Mr. Thomas was married February 19, 1871, 
to Mary E. Jones, who was born and schooled 
in McDonough County. The children resulting 
from this union were: Edith (Mrs. James L. 
Barkley) : Nellie, who died at the age of three 
years; Fannie (Mrs. Theodore Hainline) ; 
Samuel, who is at home; Melvin, Velasoo, and 
Margaret (Mrs. Walter Sowers) of Macomb. 
In politics, Mr. Thomas is a Republican, and 
has served as Road Overseer, and Tax Collector 
of Scotland Township, beside the office of Sher- 
iff in 1894-98. During his term as Sheriff he had 
the custody of 404 prisoners, and of these, 
he took twenty-seven to Joliet, twenty to 
Pontiac, six to Geneva, and thirty-two to the 
Jacksonville Insane Asylum. All but two of 
these he conducted in person. While he was 
Sheriff he earned for the county $13,200. Of 
this amount he collected $8,000, his salary for 
the four years being |G,000. Religiously, Mr. 
Thomas is an adherent of the Methodist Epis- 
copal faith, and fraternally, he is a member of 
the G. A.-R. In every relation of life he has 
done his dutj-, and done it well, and his record 
is that of one of the conspicuous and useful 
citizens of McDonough County. 

THOMAS, Samuel, the popular and efficient 
Postmaster of Industry, McDonough County, 
111., and for many years previously engaged 
in agricultural pursuits in McDonough County, 
was born in Pickaway County, Ohio, March 8, 
1833. a son of William and Catherine (An- 



I020 



HISTORY OF ^IcDONOUGH COUNTY. 



derson) Thomas, his father being a native o£ 
Maryland, and his mother of Virginia. His pa- 
ternal grandparents were Nicholas and Mar- 
garet (Ross) Thomas, natives of Maryland. 
His maternal grandfather was James Anderson, 
a Virginian. At the age of ten years Samuel 
Thomas began work at farming and so con- 
tinued until he was twenty-one years old, mean- 
while obtaining what instruction was afforded 
by the public schools in his neighborhood. He 
came to Illinois and worked on a farm in Mc- 
Donough County until August, 1S61, when he 
enlisted in Company H, Twenty-eigthth Regi- 
ment Illinois Volunteer Infantry, in which he 
served until August, 18G4. On his discharge 
from the army Mr. Thomas returned to Mc- 
Donough County and worked five years on a 
farm which he had bought in New Salem Town- 
ship. He then sold this property and moved 
to Scotland Township, where he purchased 
eighty acres of land. This he sold three years 
later, and bought another farm in the southern 
portion of the township. Five years afterward 
he disposed of this also, trading for 320 acres 
of Kansas land. In 1891 he moved to Industry 
village, and purchased the residence which he 
now occupies. 

On April 17, 1S75, Mr. Thomas was married 
to Eugenia Williams, a native of McDonough 
County. Three children have been born of this 
union, namely: Sherman, Nettie (Mrs. W. H. 
Morley), and Mary (Mrs. Forrest F. Ellis). 
All reside in McDonough County. Politically, 
Mr. Thomas is a Republican. He was first ap- 
pointed Postmaster in 1S9S. His religious faith 
is that of the Methodist Episcopal Church. 
The subject of this sketch was a good farmer 
and a brave soldier, and he is regarded through- 
out the community as a good citizen and a capa- 
ble Postmaster. 

THOMPSON, Oliver, proprietor of a feed barn, 
in Macomb, 111., was born near Beardstown, 
Cass County. 111.. December 5, 1845, the son of 
John and Elizabeth (White) Thompson, na- 
tives, respectively, of Tennessee and North 
Carolina. His paternal grandfather, John 
Thompson, was born in Germany, and his 
mother's father, George White, was a native of 
Ireland. Mr. Thompson was a member of a 
family of ten children, of whom he was next 
to the youngest. He received his early mental 
training in the common schools, and remained 



at home, engaged in farm work, until twenty- 
two years old. He then lived on a farm which 
he owned in Morgan County, 111., until 1875, 
when he came to McDonough County, and there 
he purchased another farm. Eight years later 
he again located in Morgan County, where he 
remained three years, when, returning to Mc-, 
Donough County, he bought a farm of eighty- 
five acres in Industry Township, and after liv- 
ing on it one season, moved to Macomb. On 
November 2, 1891, he entered into the livery 
business on West Jackson Street, where he 
continued until the spring of 1904, when he sold 
out and opened a feed barn on East Jackson 
Street in company with J. 0. Head. 

Mr. Thompson was married September 4, 
1882, to Eliza Rexroat, a native of Iowa, who 
received her education in the public schools. 
The children of this union are James, Arthur 
and Ollie (Mrs. Greenup), of Missouri. He had 
previously been married to Margaret Rexroat, 
who was born in Morgan County, 111., and died 
in 1S78. Politically, Mr. Thompson is a Re- 
publican, and fraternally, he belongs to the I. 
O. O. P. He is a member of the Church of 
United Brethren. 

THOMPSON, R. F., a well-known resident of 
Colchester, JIcDonough County, 111., who is suc- 
cessfully engaged in the drayage business, was 
born in Colchester Township, September 17, 
1S55, a son of James and Hannah (Hooton) 
Thompson, natives of the State of Ohio. James 
Thompson was a farmer by occupation and 
pursued that vocation in Colchester Township 
until the Civil War, when he enlisted in the 
Union Army. When the war was nearly over 
he was taken prisoner and confined in An- 
dersonville prison, where he died. R. F. Thomp- 
son is the sixth of a family of nine children 
born to his parents, of whom eight were boys. 
He remained with his mother on the farm until 
1S82, during his boyhood attending the public 
schools of that vicinity. In the year named he 
settled in Colchester and went into the draying 
business, starting with one team and a dray. 
In this line Mr. Thompson, through his energy, 
industry and close attention to his work, has 
made such good headway that he now conducts 
the largest business of the kind in town, and 
his patronage continues to increase. He main- 
tains an office at his residence, with telephone 
connections. 





J /UC^T'V/^^^i^ 



HISTORY OF .McDOXOUGH COUXTV 



102 1 



On November 30, liiS2. Mr. Thompson was 
united in marriage with Maggie E. Campbell, 
who was born in Colchester, where in girlhood 
she attended the public schools. This union has 
been the source of five children, namely: Del 
Roy, Elsie, Erma, Ruth and Lawrence; ihe last 
named died at the age of three years and eight 
months. As between the political parties, the 
subject of this sketch follows the Republican 
lead. Fraternally, he is affiliated with the Order 
of Mystic Workers. 

THRAPP, Charles, a thriving farmer, of Blan- 
dinsville Township. McDonough County, 111., 
was born in McDonough County, in 1S67, a son 
of John and Mary McGee Thrapp, natives of 
Ohio. John Thrapp came to Illinois and first 
located in La Harpe, thence moving to Blan- 
dinsville Township, where he followed farming 
and stock-raising. 

Charles Thrapp was reared on a farm, in boy- 
hood attended the public school in McDonough 
County, and since he reached his maturity, has 
carried on farming. Besides a farm of 113 acres 
in Blandinsville Township, he owns another in 
Sciota Township, containing 120 acres. He has 
recently purchased a fine residence in Blan- 
dinsville. for his future home. In 1S88, Mr. 
Thrapp was married to Lizzie Cozad. who was 
horn in Fulton County, 111., and three children 
— Glynn, Martin and Carl — have been the off- 
spring of this union. Fraternally, Mr. Thrapp 
belongs to the I. O. O. F. and the Order of 
Rebekahs. 

TIERNAN, Patrick Henry, a well-known brick 
manufacturer and mason contractor of Macomb, 
McDonough County, 111., was born June 7, 1SG3, 
in Macomb, and there received his education 
in the public school. His parents. Patrick and 
Margaret (Hanlon) Tiernan, were natives, re- 
spectively, of County Roscommon and City of 
Dundalk, County Donegal, Ireland. His ma- 
ternal grandfather, John Hanlon. was also of 
Irish birth. Mr. Tiernan is the eldest of five 
children born to his parents. His father came 
to Macomb in 1.S.54, and worked at his trade of 
plasterer, taking contracts. He died in 1S94. 
his wife having passed away in 1S92. The sub- 
ject of this sketch completed his school studies 
at the age of eighteen years, and then learned 
the plasterer's trade. He started as a contractor 
in mason work in southeastern Kansas. He 



had charge of all mason work for the Gould 
system in that region, and in southwestern Mis- 
souri for ten years. He then returned to Ma- 
comb and continued contracting. In 1895 he 
bought a brickyard of Sebree & Merriman, 
which he developed from a hand-manufacturing 
plant to a steam system, with a capacity of 
25,000 brick per day. He employs an average 
force of thirty men, and in the summer season 
the number reaches one hundred. For a radius 
of sixty miles around Macomb he performs the 
work of his trade, and goes wherever his con- 
tracts call him. He was the first successful 
layer of cement walks in Macomb. He did the 
mason work of the Methodist Episcopal Church, 
the Baptist Church, Marietta Phelps and St. 
Francis Hospitals, and other large buildings in 
Macomb. He is a contractor and builder of ex- 
ceptional ability and skill and has attained a 
wide reputation in his line. Mr. Tiernan was 
married October 7, 1896, to Mary Colgan, who 
was born and schooled in Galesburg, 111. The 
children resulting from this union are: Claude, 
born September 2, 1S97; Louis, born October 9, 
1899, and Gertrude, born June IS. 1905. Po- 
litically, Mr. Tiernan is a Democrat. He was 
elected Alderman of the Fourth Ward in 1899, 
and was re-elected, holding the office up to the 
present time. Fraternally, he is connected with 
the I. O. O. F. and the M. W. A. In religious 
faith, he is a Catholic. 

TINSLEY, Nathaniel P. (deceased), who was 
in his day the most enterprising, progressive 
and prosperous merchant and miller in Mc- 
Donough County, III., was born in Amherst 
County, Va., November 1, 1810, a son of David 
and Mahala Tinsley, who were natives of Ken- 
tucky. When he was six years old Nathaniel 
P. was brought by his parents from Virginia to 
Kentucky, where he was reared to manhood. At 
the age of nineteen years he became clerk in a 
store at Columbia, Ky., where he acquired his 
first business experience. He came to Macomb, 
III., in 1836, and opened a store which was 
among the earliest business concerns in the 
place. Mr. Tinsley began his business career in 
Macomb in a small building on the east side of 
the public Square. The venture proved so suc- 
cessful that in 1837 he was enabled to build a 
two-story frame store on the North Side, which 
he occupied until 1857, when he erected the 
large brick block where he carried on merchan- 



I022 



HISTORY OF Mcdonough county. 



dising during the remainder of his life. In 
1849 he built his mill on South Randolph 
Street, which he sold in 1S5G to Clisby & Trull. 
He built another mill in 1857, in the northern 
portion of the town, which he subsequently dis- 
posed of to David Scott. He started the first 
large flour mill in McDonough County and 
shipped the first flour out of the county. It is 
a lasting honor to the memory of Nathaniel P. 
Tinsley, that his prompt and public-spirited ac- 
tion at a critical juncture induced the railroad 
company to build the depot on its present con- 
venient and desirable site. To the timely ami 
unselfish intervention of this sturdy merchant 
Is, doubtless, attributable the fact that the coun- 
ty-seat of McDonough County was not trans- 
ferred from Macomb, as he personally pledged 
$5,000 toward the erection of the county build- 
ing at the point originally selected. For this 
amount his fellow townsmen afterward decided, 
by formal vote, that he should not be held re- 
sponsible, as he had already done far more than 
his share in advancing the interests of his city 
and county. 

It is generally conceded, all things considered, 
that Mr. Tinsley was more intimately identified 
with the early development of Macomb and its 
vicinity than any other merchant of his time, 
as he was a man of ample means, high Ideals, 
great force of character and pure motives. He 
was generous to a fault in the matter of individ- 
ual necessities, and never withheld his finan- 
cial aid from any movement designed to pro- 
mote the public weal. In manner and general 
deportment, he was plain and unassuming, and. 
in speech, reserved. On occasions when public 
meetings were convened for the purpose of pro- 
moting improvements, he was wont to rise 
from his chair and simply say that he could 
not talk but would furnish his share of the 
money. Mr. Tinsley was married in 1838, to 
Telitha C. Walker, daughter of Joseph Walker, 
a farmer of McDonough County, and native of 
Kentucky. She died June 24, 1847. Four chil- 
dren resulted from this union, of whom but 
one survives — Mary C. — now the wife of Albert 
Eads, a sketch of whose life appears in another 
part of this volume. Mr. Tinsley died July 20, 
1882, leaving the impress of his noble character 
and worthy deeds upon the community to which 
his life was so great a boon. 

TOWNLEY, Clarence S., one of the most prom- 
inent lawyers of Macomb, and State's Attorney 



of McDonough County, 111., was born in Louis- 
ville, Ky.. November 13, 1866. Although 
the subject of this sketch lived in town 
he worked on a farm in early youth, and in 
leisure hours was very fond of outdoor sports, 
riding, hunting, fishing, etc. In boyhood he at- 
tended the district schools of his neighborhood, 
and was afterward a student in the Carthage 
(111.) and Eureka Colleges, taking the regular 
classical course, and devoting especial attention 
to history, that and mathmetics being his fa- 
vorite studies. While in college he read law, 
as opportunity offered. After completing his 
education he taught school in the country dis- 
tricts of Hancock County, 111., and subsequent- 
ly read law with Hon. William H. Warder, who 
was a member of the State Legislature, and one 
of the ablest lawyers in southern Illinois. In 
1S99 Mr. Townley was admitted to the bar, and 
shortly afterward moved to Blandinsville, III., 
where he commenced the practice of his profes- 
sion. In this he soon rose to prominence, and 
acquired a profitable patronage. Upon his 
election as State's Attorney he moved to Ma- 
comb. 

Mr. Townley has always been inclined to 
travel, and being a forceful and popular speak- 
er, he has been much in demand on public occa- 
sions throughout the State. Being quite promi- 
nent in fraternal circles, he has made numerous 
addresses in connection with the various orders 
of which he is a member. 

On June 27, 1902, Mr. Townley was united 
in marriage, at Rockford, III., to Emma Cun- 
ningham, a lady of fine culture and many ac- 
complishments. She is also eloquent and con- 
vincing as a public speaker, and has been in 
frequent requisition for addresses at different 
points, though in recent years she has had little 
time for work of this nature. Her platform 
efforts have brought her into prominent notice 
and she was several times President of the Dis- 
trict C. E. Union and the Women's Christian 
Temperance Union in the old Twenty-second 
Congressional District. Mr. and Mrs. Townley 
have two children: Fairfax and Wayne, born, 
respectively, April 11, 1893, and August 26, 
1S94. 

Religiously. Mr. Townley adheres to the 
Christian faith. Fraternally, he is affiliated 
with the A. F. & A. M., Blandinsville Lodge 
and Chapter, and Macomb Commandery No. 61. 
He is also identified with the K. of P., of Bush- 
nell. Cleveland Lodge No. 101; I. O. O. F., New 



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TIISTORV OF McDOXOUGH COUNTY. 



1023 



Hope Lodge No. 203. of Blandinsville, Colches- 
ter Encampment; and M. W. A., No. 396, of 
Blandinsville, of which he is District Deputy. 
In politics, Mr. Townley is an earnest and in- 
fluential Republican. He was elected State's 
Attorney of McDonough County in November, 
1904, by the largest majority ever given any 
candidate for office in the county, and his ad- 
ministration of the affairs of this office has 
been vigorous, honest and efficient. 

TRUMAN, Herbert Henry, M. R. C. V. S. and 
F. V. M. A., who is interested to a considerable 
extent as a shareholder in "Trunians" Pioneer 
Stud Farm." at Bushnell. McDonough County, 
111., was born in Whittlesea, Cambridgeshire, 
England, on November S. 1.S69. Although always 
a resident of the land of his birth, it is deemed 
proper to Include a sketch of his career In 
the biographical records of this volume, partly 
on account of his financial connection with the 
above named enterprise. Another reason which 
makes the insertion appropriate is that he is 
a son of its widely known founder, and a 
brother of the four members of the Truman 
family who make their home in Bushnell, and 
whose ability and energy have largely devel- 
oped the important project of their father into 
its present proportions, and have caused it to 
become a credit to McDonough County and 
to the State of Illinois. Narratives of the lives 
of the head of the family and his four sons 
who operate the Pioneer Stud Farm and the 
Trumans' Veterinary Medicine, together with 
Interesting details pertaining to the manage- 
ment and business of the farm, appear here- 
with. 

Herbert H. Truman, whose home is in March. 
England, is a son of .Jonathan Hall Truman, 
a native of Whittlesea, and Mary Elizabeth 
(Crane) Truman, who was born in Thorney, 
Cambridgeshire. His paternal grandparents, 
George and Ann (Brown) Truman, were also 
of English nativity, the birthplace of the for- 
mer being in Yaxley, Huntingdonshire, and 
that of the latter In Whittlesea. Mr. Truman 
was reared on his father's farm, and In youth 
entertained a strong partiality for animals of 
all kinds, desiring even when an Infant to be 
constantly among them. Naturally, with such 
an Inclination, he has always been fond of 
outdoor life. Since early manhood he has b€en 
closely identified with the raising of pedigree 



stock — horses, cattle and sheep. His educa- 
tion was received at the Classical and Commer- 
cial School in Peterborough, England, and he 
afterward took a course in the Royal Veteri- 
nary College, London, the premier veterinary 
Institution of Great liritain, from which he 
graduated in May, 1892, receiving the degree of 
.M. R. C. V. S. After completing his profes- 
sional studies he made a tour of the United 
States lasting two years. On returning to Eng- 
land he acted in the capacity of assistant to 
T. J. Merrick, M. R. C. V. S., of Northampton, 
whose verterinary practice was one of the 
largest In that country. Subsequently in 
1S96) he entered into practice for himself at 
March. England, with branch offices at Chat- 
teris and Ramsey, Huntingdonshire. Thus he 
has continued since that year, conducting a vet- 
erinary establishment surpassed in patronage 
by few in the British Isles. In addition to the 
work involved in his practice, Mr. Truman is 
engaged In farming and in the breeding of 
Shire and Hiickney full-blood horses, a consid- 
erable number of which he sells in various 
parts of the world. He Is also the buyer in 
France and Belgium for "Trumans' Pioneer Stud 
Farm" at Bushnell, having frequently traversed 
those countries. In the course of his operations 
he has also made repeated visits to all parts 
of the United States and Canada. Mr. Tru- 
man holds the office of Veterinary Inspector 
of the Isle of Ely (England* County Council. 
He was elected Chairman of the March (Eng- 
land) Horse Show Society February 2, 1903. 
and Is Chairman of the March Shire and Hack- 
ney Horse Society. Aside from honors per- 
taining to his business and profession, he Is a 
member of the Board of Governors of the 
-March Grammar School, and of the Consoli- 
dated Charities of that place. 

On Sejjtember 7, 1S9S. Mr. Truman was 
united In marriage at .March, England, with 
Edith EmIIle Morton, of Grandford House, 
whose birth occurred there on February 25, 
1875. Mrs. Truman is a twin daughter of the 
late William Morton, of Grandford House, who 
was the most extensive farmer and landowner 
In that vicinity. He died In April. 1905. 

In religion, Mr. Truman is an adherent of 
the faith of the Church of England. Politically, 
he Is allied with the Conservatives, and belon.gs 
to the March Conservative Association, a po- 
litical organization. On the Conservative ticket 



I024 



HISTORY OF AIcDONOUGH COUNTY. 



he was elected a member of the March Town 
Council in April, 1905, and in the same month a 
member of the March Burial Board. He is a 
man of superior intelligence and attainments, 
excellent business capacity, and in his profes- 
sion, ranks among the foremost in England. 

TRUMAN, Horace William, Second Vice-Presi- 
dent of "Trumans' Pioneer Stud Farm," at Bush- 
nell, McDonough County, 111., whose general 
business capacity and thorough knowledge of 
matters pertaining to the breeding, care and 
use of fine horses have contributed in no small 
measure to the success of that enterprise in 
later years, was born at Whittlesea, Cambridge- 
shire, England, on February IS. 1S72. He is the 
fourth son of Jonathan Hall anad Mary Eliza- 
beth (Crane) Truman, and a grandson of 
George and Ann (Brown) Truman. His father 
and mother were also natives of Cambridge- 
shire, born in Whittlesea and Thorney, respect- 
ively, and of the paternal grandparents, George 
Truman was a native of Yaxley, Huntingdon- 
shire, and Ann (Brown) Truman, of Whittle- 
sea. Jonathan Hall Truman, organizer and 
President of the corporation conducting the 
Bushnell concern of the Trumans, has long 
been one of the most widely known and suc- 
cessful individual operators in the horse and 
cattle trade between England and America. 
Four of the five sons seem to have inherited 
the father's predilection for fine horses, both 
in a personal and commercial sense. Of these, 
three are actively engaged in the work at Bush- 
nell, and another, living in England, is inter- 
ested in it as a shareholder. Full details of 
the career of Jonathan H. Truman, together 
with incidents in the life of his father, and 
biographical records of the four other sons 
above mentioned, may be found herewith. In 
connection with the sketch of the head of this 
family appears also a description of the per- 
fectly equipped headquarters of their opera- 
tions in this country. 

Horace W. Truman was reared on the home 
farm at Whittlesea, England, and in his youth 
was a member of the choir of St. Mary's Epis- 
copal Churcn of that town for ten years. His 
boyhood was marked by a pronounced inclina- 
tion toward outdoor diversions and athletic 
sports, and he grew up with an especial fond- 
ness for horses. His education was piinci- 
pally obtained in the Classical and Commercial 



School at Peterborough, England, from which 
institution he is a graduate. On completing 
his studies he was engaged for some time in 
supervising the affairs of his father's Hack- 
ney Stud Farm in Cambridgeshire, during the 
absence of the latter in America. After leav- 
ing England the first responsibility devolved 
upon him was the management of the branch 
of "Trumans' Pioneer Stud Farm" established at 
London, Canada. His active connection with 
the work at Bushnell commenced in 1902, 
and since that period he has ably and dili- 
gently devoted his utmost energies to its pros- 
perous development. To this end he has trav- 
eled over all the States of the Union and 
throughout Canada, and has made many visits 
to European countries. 

The religious faith of Mr. Truman is in har- 
mony with the creed of the Church of England. 
Politically, he is a Republican, and manifests 
a good citizen's interest in public affairs. He 
has a wide circle of acquaintances, and wher- 
ever known is regarded as a gentleman of 
honorable character and estimable qualities of 
mind and heart. 

TRUMAN, John George, Secretary, Treasurer 
and General Manager of "Trumans' Pioneer 
Stud Farm" at Bushnell. McDonough County, 
111., was born in Whittlesea, Cambridgeshire, 
England, January 17, 1S65, a son of Jonathan 
Hall and Mary Elizabeth (Crane) Truman, both 
natives of England, where the father was born 
in Whittlesea, and the mother in Thorney, 
Huntingdonshire. His grandfather, George Tru- 
man, was a native of Yaxley, Huntingdonshire, 
and his grandmother, Ann (Brown) Truman, of 
Whittlesea. Jonathan Hall Truman, who has al- 
ways maintained his residence in the land of 
his birth, was one of the very first to become 
identified witn the importation of American 
cattle into England, and the first to introduce 
"Shire" and "Hackney" horses into America 
for business uses. In furtherance of the latter 
undertaking he organized the enterprise now 
under the management of his son, John G., In 
which he still holds the office of President. He 
is one of the most noted importers and export- 
ers of horses and cattle in the world, and has 
made a very high record in that sphere of op- 
eration. An extended narrative of his life, to- 
gether with interesting details pertaining to 
this branch of the Truman family, may be found 




/jK^'UUX^ ^. cAi 



^i^-.'/o^f^-^*^- 




HISTORY OF McDOXUL'GH COUNTY. 



102: 



in these pages, and is well worthy of perusal 
in connection herewith. 

John G. Truman was reared on the paternal 
farm in Cambridgeshire, and in lx>yhood at- 
tended school in the vicinity of his home. He 
received his later education in the Classical 
and Commercial School at Peterborough, Eng- 
land, from which institution he was graduated 
in due time. His youth was characterized by a 
strong liliing for all Ivinds of animals, particu- 
larly horses, and this predilection had an impor- 
tant influence in shaping his subsequent ca- 
reer. In 1S82 he came to the United States, 
locating at the Union Stoclc Yards, Chicago, 
and moved in 1884 to Bushnell, 111., and taking 
part in the widely Ivnown concern established 
by his father a few years previously. With this 
enterprise he has been prominently identified 
for nearly twenty-three years, and no small de- 
gree of its prosperity and widely extended rep- 
utation are attributable to the thorough Ivuowl- 
edge of methods and details, and the sound 
judgment and business sagacity which he has 
brought to bear in the development of tne orig- 
inal scheme projected in 1S7S. He is a 
recognized authority on matters pertain- 
ing to pure-bred horses, is a charter mem- 
ber of the Saddle and Sirloin Club, Chicago, 
and holds the office of President of the Ameri- 
can Shire Horse Association. In the course 
of his participation in the affairs of "Trumans' 
Pioneer Stud Farm," Mr. Truman has traveled 
extensively throughout the United States and 
Europe, and has made fifty-two round trips 
across the Atlantic Ocean. 

On July 28, 1887. Mr. Truman was united in 
marriage, at Avon, Fulton County, 111., with 
Lulu Gertrude Tompkins, who was born In 
that town, and whose parents were among the 
very earliest settlers in Fulton County, locat- 
ing in Avon when the place bore the name of 
Woodstock. From this union two children 
have been born: .lonathan Hall Truman, Jr., 
born in June, ISSS. and Herbert Arthur Tru- 
man, bom in May, 1894. The religious connec- 
tion of Mr. Truman is with the Church of Eng- 
land. Politically, he is allied with the Repub- 
lican party. In fraternal circles, he is affll- 
ated with the Independent Order of Odd Fel- 
lows, and is a charter member of the Mystic 
Workers of the World. Socially and in busi- 
ness relations he is held in high regard, and 
his earnest Interest in public affairs bears evi- 



dence of superior intelligence and clear dis- 
cernment. 

TRUMAN, Jonathan Hall, who, although al- 
ways domiciled in the land of his nativity, has 
made his name broadly recognized on this side 
of the Atlantic as the projector and leading 
spirit of the iniimrtant enterprise widely known 
as "Trumans' Pioneer Stud Farm," established 
in 1878, in the vicinity of Bushnell, McDonough ' 
County, 111., is also entitled to the distlnciion 
of being one of the first men to become identi- 
fied with the handling of American cattle in 
the British Isles. His life has thus served a 
double purpose in signally promoting the in- 
terests of a large class of people in the two 
great English-speaking countries of the world. 
-Mr. Truman was born November 26, 1842, in 
Whittlesea, Cambridgeshire, England, and has 
maintained a life-long residence in the town of 
his birth. He is a son of George and Ann 
(Brown) Truman, both natives of England, the 
former having been born in Yaxley, Hunting- 
donshire, and the latter in Whittlesea. The 
occupation of George Truman, the father, was 
that of a cattle and sheep salesman, in which 
his efforts were attended by merited success. 

From his earliest recollection up to nine 
years, J. H. Truman attended school in Whit- 
tlesea, and during this period he was a choir- 
boy in St. Mary's Church there. He was then 
sent to the Oundle Classical School (of the 
Grocers' Company), where scholarships are 
gratuitously bestowed upon deserving students 
as aids to university courses. Although his 
boyhood was notable for a strong inclination 
toward cricket and ordinary youthful sports, 
he was nevertheless diligent in applying him- 
self to study, and In his first half year at Oun- 
dle was awarded first prize as the best writer 
in the school. After continuing there four 
years, he followed Mr. Kingston, one of the 
Oundle undermasters, to Northampton, where 
he remained for one year. The latter gentle- 
man was a noted cricketer, and this continued 
association with him afforded Mr. Truman a 
good opportunity to become proficient in the 
good old English game. He had. moreover, the 
advantage of still retaining the valuable as- 
sistance of Mr. Kingston as a teacher, in which 
vocation the latter was one of the most com- 
petent of his time. When this highly agree- 
able connection was severed by the withdrawal 



1026 



HISTORY OF AIcDONOUGH COUNTY. 



of Mr. Truman from school, he had the pleas- 
ure of receiving from Mr. Kingston the com- 
plimeat that the pupil had surpassed his tutor 
in skill as a cricket player. 

The parents of Mr. Truman, deeming it ad- 
visable that their son should remain with them 
at home and perfect himself in his father's 
business as a cattle salesman, he had to be- 
gin at the bottom in this occupation when four- 
teen years of age. His first task was to learn 
how to drive sheep at a speed not exceeding 
one mile an hour, which in those days was con- 
sidered the safe limit. Sheep were at that 
time fattened to such a degree that to hurry 
them on the first day's drive would enfeeble 
them so that they could not walk. The next 
thing to be learned was the process of clipping, 
in which our novice became quite proficient 
after some experience. Cattle, by the same 
rule, required proper handling, especially in the 
winter and the spring seasons, when they came 
off the manure, being hovel-and-yard-fed. Mr. 
Truman's father was one of the old-school cat- 
tle dealers, who drove his cattle and sheep to 
the London market, which consumed from ten 
to thirteen days. It was necessary to keep 
careful note of the time made each day, in or- 
der to make connection with the Monday mar- 
ket, which he always aimed to do. In October 
of the year when Mr. Truman reached his sev- 
enteenth birthday (1859), his father suc- 
cumbed for a time to an attack of typhus 
fever, thus devolving the entire arduous task 
of taking care of the business on the for- 
mer. This, however, proved a good dis- 
cipline for the son, necessitating the utmost 
diligence on his part. The serious responsi- 
bility had suddenly fallen upon him of selling 
fat and lean stock of all kinds, and the effort 
to fulfill the expectations of the owners was 
no light matter for one of his age. Still he 
gained confidence in himself after the first 
week's attempt to act as a substitute for his 
father, and when the latter became convales- 
cent in February of the following year, having 
been informed through reliable sources of the 
thorough, faithful and satisfactory manner in 
which his affairs had been conducted during 
the protracted period of his illness, his warm 
expressions of approval and commendation 
were most grateful to the sensibilities of the 
son, stimulating in him a lively pride in well- 



doing, and furnishing an additional incentive to 
fidelity in connection with any future trust 
committed to his care. As soon ^s his father 
was in a condition to resume business he 
placed his check book in the hands of his son, 
with authority to make any purchases which 
he deemed best for the interests of the con- 
cern. 

Thus matters continued until J. H. Truman 
reached the age of about twenty-two years. At 
this time he entertained serious thoughts of 
entering into the marriage relation and estab- 
lishing a home of his own. In consummating 
this purpose he was peculiarly fortunate, being 
united in matrimonial bonds with Mary Eliza- 
beth Crane, of Thorney, Cambridgeshire, who 
is descended from a Huguenot family which 
settled at an early period in the Thorney Fen 
district. The nuptial ceremonies occurred at 
Mitcham, Surrey, in 1864. Mrs. Truman is a 
lady of unusual intelligence, literary tastes and 
training, and genial affability of demeanor. 
She has earned for herself a high meed of 
honor as helpmate, mother and mistress of the 
household, and has shared her husband's joys 
and sorrows with unfailing affection and unde- 
viating fidelity. Five sons have resulted from 
this happy union, as follows: .lohn George 
Truman (born .January 17, 1865), manager of 
"Trumans' Pioneer Stud Farm," at Bushnell, 
111.; Wright Edward Truman (born February 17, 
1867). First Vice-President of that enterprise; 
Herbert Henry Truman, of March, England, 
M. R. C. V. S. and F. V. M. A. (born November 
8, 1869), who is a shareholder in "Trumans' 
Pioneer Stud Farm," and acts as its buyer in 
France and Belgium; Horace William Truman, 
of Bushnell, 111. (born February 18, 1872). Sec- 
ond Vice-President of the same concern; and 
Reginald James Truman (dispenser), of Bush- 
nell, 111., who was born on March 26, 1S76, 
Sketches of the lives of all of the above named 
gentlemen appear in this connection, by reason 
of their association with the superb establish- 
ment founded by their father, which is else- 
where described in these pages. 

In 1874, J. H. Truman, obtaining information 
concerning a lot of American cattle that was 
on the way to England, and being naturally of 
a si>eculatlve turn of mind, was much inter- 
ested in the arrival of the cargo. Had the cat- 
tle been so many elephants, none of the Eng- 




^^ 




Coy 



(^yhyly^ 't^ ^^--t^ 



HISTORY OF McDONOLGll COUNTY. 



1027 



lish cattle dealers would have seemed less 
likely to venture any money In purchasing. 
The importation had no attraction for buyers. 
Its novelty was the occasion tor hesitation and 
distrust on tneir part, although all admitted 
the superiority of American over English cat- 
tle at that day. Mr. Truman, however, thought 
he would invest something in the chance, and 
took the initiative by giving t'37 each (or $185) 
for a number of the cattle. The next year, 
people were still indisposed to take kindly to 
the innovation. Mr. Truman forced sale at 
last, after a threat that if he brought any more 
American cattle into Peterborough market, 
they would be turned out. He sold by retail at 
25 cents (two bits) for a pound and a quarter 
of meat, the same price that the English 
dealers in the market were charging for a 
pound. In case he disposed of the beef in 
wholesale quantities he made the concession 
of giving buyers credit until the next week. 
This arrangement met with satisfactory results, 
so that subsequently it was not a difficult mat- 
ter for Mr. Truman to sell from forty to sixty 
head of cattle in that market weekly. Ordi- 
narily, the full supply was only 120 head, but 
Mr. Truman's sales helped to increase the ag- 
gregate. He became fully satisfied with the 
profits from his patronage, and his customers 
appeared equally pleased. In the following 
year Mr. Truman paid $300 (£60) each, in the 
London market, for four white American steers. 
These he placed on exhibition at the Peterlior- 
ough Fair, which was at that time noted as 
the largest exposition of the kind tor miles 
around. He afterward sold them to a farmer, 
Mr. Harry Cook, of Postland, for $315 each, 
who kept them until Christmas and then dis- 
iwsed of them at $375 per head. At this pe- 
riod Mr. Truman had become fully identified 
with the handling of American cattle, and he 
was naturally curious to see the places where 
such cattle came from, particularly as odd tales 
were rife among Liverpool dealers as to prices 
paid for them in the country where they were 
raised. Therefore, he crossed the oceiin In 
.July, 1S7S, and visited Chicago, soon ranking 
himself familiar with all details of the 'tattle 
trade there. The result of this trip wa3 the 
purchase of 120 head in New York, which he 
shipped to Liverpool on the Anchor"Line steam- 
er ".\lsacia." After paying freightage of f7, 
10 shillings per head ($37.50) and other heavy 



expenses incident to those days, the transac- 
tion netted him a profit of $32.50 per head. He 
then entered into a contract with T. M. Duche 
& Sons, of London, Paris and New York, to at- 
tend to their buying in Chicago. In accordance 
with this agreement he again crossed the At- 
lantic, starting in .January, 1879, and returning 
in Se|)tember of that year, having bought in 
the meantime 10,666 cattle of the very best 
grade, including some of the heaviest bulls ob- 
tainable. He was the first English buyer to ex- 
port cattle on these shores, and during the 
first three years of his operations here shipped 
to the home market 90,000 head. He was also 
the first importer of Shire horses to this coun- 
try. 

While in Chicago he became convinced 01 the 
urgent necessity of improving on the draft 
horses of those days by breeding a kind closer 
knit and in more compact form, thus eliminat- 
ing the long back, loose loins and short ribs 
in that class of horses, which constantly came 
under his observation in the metropolis of the 
West. He came to the conclusion that the 
Shire horses met the requirements for this 
work, and so began shipping to this country 
some of these (together with others) which he 
had bred on his two farms in England. In 
this undertaking he studied from the first the 
lines he had followed at home, using animals 
which had won i)rizes in the show-ring as far 
as possible — the Shire breed not being so nu- 
merously kei)t for business purposes there, at 
that time, as at present. The gentleman farm- 
er of that day would not keep such a horse, 
and they cost what was then considered "big 
money." Now, however, the price of horses 
of this breed is from five to ten times higher, 
for, in these days, $5,000 is not deemed an ex- 
cessive price to pay for a good young "Shire" — 
or even $15,000, if on the right winning lines. 
The efforts aljove mentioned, made by Mr. Tru- 
man, to imjjrove the breed of draft horses in 
this country constituted the foundation of the 
extensive enterprise at Bushnell, of which he 
is still President. When he established his 
American headquarters there, in 1883, he pur- 
chased thirty-nine acres of land near the city, 
situated at the intersection of the Chicago, 
Hurlington & Quincy and the Toledo, Peoria & 
Western Railways. He then organized the pres- 
ent company, incorporated under the laws of 
the State of Illinois, to operate "Trumans" Pio- 



I028 



HISTORY OF Mcdonough county. 



neer Stud Farm." In 1900 the company built 
a large breeding and sale stable for the pur- 
pose of handling and breeding Shire and Jrlack- 
ney horses. Here fifty imported horses are 
constantly kept. The concern has also dealt 
in Percheron and Belgian horses. Its offices 
are located in Bushnell, and it employs from 
twelve to fifteen salesmen on the road. The 
Trumans have been the recipients of prizes for 
exhibitions at all the principal fairs in this 
country, and have taken more premiums at the 
International Stock Shows at Chicago, within 
five years, than all other exhibitors combined. 
At the Louisiana Purchase Exposition in St. 
Louis, in 1904, practically all the premiums in 
this line were awarded to them, includ- 
ing six gold medals, eight diplomas and 
$2.S91 in premiums on Shire horses, of which 
they entered twenty-five head. The com- 
pany has branch stables at Phoenix, Ariz. ; 
Moscow, Idaho, and London, Ontario. Since or- 
ganizing the Bushnell establishment, Mr. Tru- 
man's business career has been so largely de- 
voted to transactions in this country and Can- 
ada, in connection with the importation of 
"Shires" and "Hackneys" that the name of J. 
H. Truman, of "Truman & Sons," is familiar 
as a household word among the users of high- 
grade horses in America. Mr. Truman feels 
that it is no small honor to be thus conspicu- 
ously identified with interests so highly re- 
garded in the United States, whose people he 
looks upon as undoubtedly the most progressive 
in the world. 

Religiously, Mr. Truman is a member of the 
Established Church, as are also his wife and 
family. At one time he held the office of church 
warden of "St. Andrews," in Whittlesea. In 
politics, the absorbing cares of his extensive 
business relations have precluded, on his 
part, any thing more than a good citizen's in- 
dividual interest in the civic affairs of the 
realm. He has had a very busy and success- 
ful life, having made between fifty and sixty 
round trips across the Atlantic, and, wherever 
known, his name has been recognized as a syno- 
nym for uprightness of character and equitable 
dealing. 

TRUMAN, Reginald James, dispenser Tru- 
mans' Veterinary Medicine Company, Bushnell, 
111., was born in March, Huntingdonshire. Eng- 
land, August 26, 1S76, the youngest son of Jon- 



athan Hall and Mary Elizabeth (Crane) Tru- 
man. (For details of family history see sketch 
of Jonathan Hall Truman in a preceding section 
of this volume. ) Mr. Truman received his educa- 
tion chiefly in his native country, and by his 
association with other members of his family 
naturally imbibed a spirit which led him to be- 
come deeply interested in the importation and 
breeding of higli-grade horses, in connection 
with which the firm of Truman & Sons, of 
Bushnell, 111., have become such an important 
factor. For eleven years Mr. Truman had 
been dispenser for his brother, Herbert H. Tru- 
man, in connection with the Truman Veterinary 
Department at March, England, but in the fall 
of 1906 decided to join his brothers at Bush- 
nell. 111., where he has opened a veterinary 
dispensary under the style of Trumans' Vet- 
erinary Medicine Company, which is engaged 
in the manufacture and sale of a large variety 
of medicines that are finding an extensive sale 
among stock-growers of Illinois and other 
States. The wide reputation of the Truman 
Company throughout the United States and 
Canada is destined to secure for the remedies 
guaranteed by the company a constantly in- 
creasing trade. 

In addition to his career as dispenser of vet- 
erinary remedies in his native country, Mr. 
Truman devoted much attention to the study of 
music under the tutorship of Professor Man- 
ders, the noted organist of Peterborough, Eng- 
land, "under whose instruction he graduated and 
spent the last eight years of his life in his 
native place as organist and choir-master of St. 
John's Church, at March, England. His con- 
nection with the widely known Truman family 
insures for him an extended and favorable ac- 
quaintance throughout the country of his 
adoption. 

TRUMAN, 'Wright Edward, widely known as 
First-Vice-President of the corporation operat- 
ing "Trumans' Pioneer Stud Farm," at Bush- 
nell, McDonough County, 111., in connection 
with which he has acquired an enviable reputa- 
tion as an expert authority on the breeding 
and points of high-grade horses, and in the line 
of purchasing fine stallions abroad for importa- 
tion into the United States, was born in Whit- 
tlesea. Cambridgshire, England, February 17, 
1867. He is a son of Jonathan Hall Truman, who 
was born in Whittlesea, November 26, 1S42, and 




NELSON UPP 



HISTORY OF .McDOXULGH COUNTY. 



1029 



Mary Elizabeth (Crane) Truman, a native of 
Thorney, Cambridgesliiie. His grand|)aients 
were George and Ann (Brown) Truman, the for- 
mer born in Yaxley, Huntingdonshire, England, 
and the latter in Whittlesea. .Jonathan Hall 
Truman, the father, one of the most noted and 
successful importers and exporters of pure- 
bred horses in the world, and among the very 
first to introduce American cattle into the Eng- 
lish market, is President of the extensive con- 
cern of which the subject of this sketch is Vice- 
President, and the perfection of the enterprise 
is due to his keen judgment, energy and far- 
reaching sagacity. An elaborate portrayal of 
the elder Truman's career, together with 
further particulars concerning this branch of 
the Truman family, and a description of the 
Pioneer Stud Farm, appears on another page of 
this volume. 

Wright E. Truman passed his youthful days 
on the home farm, pursuing his primary studies 
in the schools of his native place, and com- 
pleting his education in the Classical and Com- 
mercial School of Peterborough, England. 
There his proficiency as a student was denoted 
by the award of first prize for attainments in 
English grammar and in mathematics, and he 
was afterwards given the honor of the premier 
position of the school. At a very early age Mr. 
Truman displayed a notable fondness for all 
kinds of animals, especially for horses, and this 
has continued to be a marked characteristic of 
his whole life. His first occupation after fin- 
ishing his scholastic course was in connection 
with the importation of fine stallions into the 
United States, having taken up his residence in 
this country in 1SS6. and identified himself with 
the undertaking at Bushnell begun by his fa- 
ther in 1878. His attention has been assidu- 
ously devoted since he first crossed the At- 
lantic to the furtherance of this extensive busi- 
ness, to which end he has spent several years in 
constant travel between the United Stales and 
England, engaged in the purchase of horses. 
He has visited almost every country of Europe, 
and has time and again traversed the various 
States of the Union and the area of the Do- 
minion of Canada. 

Religiously, Mr. Truman is a communicant of 
the Church of England. Politically, he is a 
Republican. In commercial circles his reputa- 
tion is deservedly high, and he is accounted, 
among large numbers of people with whom he 



has been wont to deal, as an exceptionally ca- 
pable, energetic and resourceful business man. 

TUNNICLIFF, Damon G. (deceased), former 
Associate .Justice of the Supreme Court of Illi- 
nois, whose period of residence in Macomb, 
III., covered nearly half a century, and who 
was, for at least twenty-five years, the recog- 
nized leader of the McDonough County Bar, 
was born in Herkimer County, N. Y., August 
20, 1829. His parents, George and Marind?. 
(Tilden) Tunnicliff, were natives, respectively, 
of New York State and Connecticut. George 
Tunnicliff was a farmer and miller by occupa- 
tion, and Damon assisted him on the farm and 
in the mill until he reached the age of fifteen 
years. His youth was almost devoid of opportu- 
nities for mental training, and the finished cul- 
ture and broad, comprehensive grasp and power 
of minute analysis which made him a conspicu- 
ous and commanding figure in the forensic 
arena of Illinois, were the self-acquired attain- 
ments of his mature years. On leaving the 
home farm he became clerk in a mercantile 
establishment, and when he came to Fulton 
County. 111., in 1S49, he embarked in general 
merchandising in Vermont, that county. At the 
age of twenty-three years he went to Rushville, 
111., where he commenced the study of law with 
Robert Blackwell. and. when the latter moved 
to Chicago, accompanied him to that city. Mr. 
Blackwell formed a partnership with Charles 
B. Beckwith. a leading lawyer of Chicago, and 
after Mr. Tunnicliff's admission to the bar. in 
April, 1853, he remained with this firm for a 
year. An indication of his faculty for concen- 
tration, and his talent for mental acquisition and 
assimilation exists in the fact that he passed the 
examination for membership at the bar after a 
period of but six months' study. In 1854 he 
located at Macomb and became associated with 
Chauncey h. Higbee and Cyrus Walker in the 
practice of law. The election of Mr. Higbee as 
Circuit .Judge, in ISGl, caused the dissolution of 
the firm, and Mr. Tunnicliff continued alone in 
practice for four years, when he entered into 
partnership with Asa A. Matteson. On the re- 
moval of the latter to Galesburg, 111., in 1875, 
Mr. Tunnicliff again practiced alone for a like 
period, after which .Tames H. Baker became 
his partner, continuing thus a number of years. 
During these periods of practice, from 1854 un- 
til 1880, Damon G. Tunniclitr had been steadily 



I030 



HISTORY OF -Mcdonough county. 



developing in intellectual strength, broadening 
in scope and growing in legal knowledge and 
acumen, until he had attained an eminent posi- 
tion as the undisputed leader of the' McDonough 
County Bar. Five years later (in 1885) this 
pre-eminence was recognized by Governor Ogles- 
by, who appointed him an Associate Justice 
of the Supreme Court of Illinois to fill a va- 
cancy caused by the death of Judge Pinckney 
H. Walker. While serving in the Supreme 
Court he ranked with the soundest jurists of 
that body. On the conclusion of the term for 
which he was appointed, Judge Tunnicliff re- 
sumed the practice of law, which he continued 
with his son, George D. Tunnicliff. until 1S90, 
and was after that time with the firm of Sher- 
man & Tunnicliff, Lawrence Y. Sherman having 
in the meantime been admitted as partner. 
The Judge seldom acted, however, after this 
period, in any other than a consulting capacity. 
The subject of this sketch is believed to have 
been the oldest legal representative of the Chi- 
cago. Burlington & Quincy Railway Company, 
having been retained in 1854 as counsel for the 
Northern Cross Railroad Company, which was 
the germ of the present gigantic corporation, 
whose legal adviser he remained to the end of 
his life. 

Mr. Tunnicliff was married January 11, 1855, 
to Mary E. Bailey, of Macomb. Her father, 
Col. W. W. Bailey, was one of the earliest set- 
tlers in McDonough County, and was the fa- 
ther of two well-known citizens of Macomb, 
William S. and George W. Bailey. Six children 
resulted from Mr. Tunnicliff's first marriage, 
two of whom died in infancy. The others are: 
Mary E. (Mrs. W. L. Parrotte), of Chicago; 
Bailey; George D., a resident of Macomb, III.; 
and William W., of Kansas City, Mo. The 
mother of this family died in 1865. Mr. Tunni- 
cliff was married again November 4, 1868, wed- 
ding Sarah A. Bacon, a daughter of Larkin C. 
Bacon, an old resident of McDonough County. 
The offspring of this union was three children, 
as follows; Helen (Mrs. Ralph Catteral), of 
Ithaca, N. Y., and Sarah and Ruth, who live 
in Chicago, as does their mother. 

Although not in any sense a selfish politician 
or desirous of political preferment, Judge 
Tunnicliff was an inflexible Republicaan, hav- 
ing been prominent in the organization of that 
party, which rendered him signal honor on 
many important occasions. He was an alternate 



member of the National Convention at Chicago, 
which nominated Abraham Lincoln for Presi- 
dent, in 1860. In 1868 his name appeared on 
the Grant Electoral ticket, and he participated 
in the nomination of President Hayes, at Cin- 
cinnati, in 1876. Judge Tunnicliff died, after 
a brief sickness, on December 20, 1901, at his 
home, No. 423 East Washington Street, Ma- 
comb, 111.; and thus ended the career of one 
of the most sturdy and strenuous intellectual 
and moral characters which have illuminated 
the legal annals of Illinois. His mortal re- 
mains were committed to Oakwood Cemetery in 
the presence of a large concourse of sorrowing 
neighbors and associates, together with distin- 
guished men gathered from all quarters of tlie 
State. 

TUNNICLIFF, George D., one of the leading 
members of the McDonough County Bar, was 
born in Macomb, 111., December 14, 1861, a son 
of Damon G. and Mary E. (Bailey) Tunnicliff, 
the former a native of Herkimer County, N. 
Y., and for many years the foremost lawyer of 
McDonough County. In boyhood George D. 
Tunnicliff attended the public schools of Ma- 
comb, and afterward entered the Northwestern 
University, at Evanston. In his sophomore year 
he left that institution and entered the law 
department of the University of Michigan, from 
which he was graduated and immediately com- 
menced the practice of law in Macomb. His ca- 
reer since then is familiar to all. Both as pub- 
lic prosecutor and in private practice, he has 
conducted a large number of important cases 
with signal ability and pronounced success. His 
absolute fidelity to the interests of his client, 
whether advocating the cause of the county or 
the Slate, or appearing in behalf of a humble 
and obscure client, is one of the salient traits 
of his character. Alert, forceful, keen and con- 
vincing, he has acquired an excellent patronage 
and made a record in which he may take a just 
pride. 

On October 5, 1886. Mr. Tunnicliff was united 
in marriage, in Macomb, 111., with Isabelle 
Baker, who was born in that city, December 
6, 1864. Mrs. Tunnicliff is a daughter of Jona- 
than H. Baker, who was one of the early set- 
tlers and leading citizens of McDonough County, 
and was for several terms Judge of the County 
Court. Three children have been the result of 
this union; Helen D., born July 4, 1887; Mary 




CYRUS WALKER 



HISTORY OF iMcDONOUGH COUNTY. 



103 1 



Louise, born September 10, 1S89, and Morris, 
born September 13. 1895. In 1886 the subject 
of this sketch became associated with his emi- 
nent and lamented father, Damon G. Tunnl- 
cliff, whose career is portrayed in the preced- 
ing sl^etch in this worlv. On the withdrawal of 
Judge Tunnicliff from active life, the firm be- 
came Sherman & Tunnicliff, Lawrence Y. Sher- 
man having been admitted to the partnership 
In 1890. In 1901 C. G. Gumbart became a mem- 
ber of the firm which is now styled Sherman, 
Tunnicliff & Gumbart. 

The religious belief of Mr. Tunnicliff is in 
harmony with the creed of the Universalist 
Church. Politically, he is a pronounced Re- 
publican. In the spring of 1887 he was elected 
City Attorney of Macomb, and filled that posi- 
tion with great efficiency. He was elected to 
the office of State's Attorney of JIcDonough 
County in the fall of ISSS. and, during his term 
of four years, so discharged the duties devolv- 
ing upon him as to gain additional distinction. 
At the end of the term, he declined a renomina- 
tion at the hands of his party. Fraternally, 
Mr. Tunnicliff is affiliated with the K. of P. 
He has hosts of admiring friends throughout 
McDonough Coun'y. who hold him in warm re- 
gard, not alone for his estimable qualities of 
head and heart, but because he worthily up- 
holds a name long honored in the legal annals 
of this region. 

TWYMAN, Henry Clay (deceased), who was 
amon.i? ihe most successful and highly esteemed 
of the early merchants of Macomb. McDonough 
County, 111., was born in Hodgensville, Ky., .June 
11, 1832, and died in Macomb, October 18, 1891. 
He was a son of Elijah and Mary (Bell) Twy- 
man. His father was a Virginian by birth and 
a slaveholder. About the year 1800 his parents 
moved from Virginia to Hardin County, Ky., 
and located in a very sparsely settled and barren 
region, where they spent the remainder of their 
lives in the development of their landed pos- 
sessions. The family owned many slaves. 
Henry Clay Twyman was one of a family of 
twelve or thirteen children. He lived with his 
parents in Kentucky until he was eighteen 
years old, and then came to Illinois. He re- 
ceived his first pair of trousers as a gift from 
the great statesman for whom he was named, 
Henry Clay. In boyhood he obtained what 
Instruction was possible In the primitive dis- 
trict schools of Kentucky at that period and. 



after coming to Macomb, In 18.50, attended the 
old Normal school. He lived with his brother, 
I. L. Twyman, until his marriage, when he 
moved to the site of the present "Macomb 
.lournal" office, and afterward to the residence 
now occupied by his widow. His first expe- 
rience in business was as clerk with his brother 
I. L. Twyman and D. P. Wells, dry-goods mer- 
chants. In 1854 he became proprietor of a drug 
store, which was carried on for a number of 
years, and subsequently was engaged in the dry- 
goods trade with a profitable patronage. He 
traveled considerably in this country, his trips 
eventually covering nearly every State in the 
Union. 

On October 9, 1856, Mr. Twyman was united 
in marriage with Martha Chandler at Macomb. 
Mrs. Twyman was a daughter of Colonel 
Charles and Sarah (King) Chandler, and a 
sister of C. V. Chandler, of the Macomb banking 
institution, and J. E. Chandler, of St. Louis. 
Eight children resulted from this union, two 
of whom died in infancy. The others were: 
Charles Elijah, deceased: Sarah Belle (Mrs. 
Charles Mapes), of Kansas City, Mo.; Vllasco 
Chandler, deceased, twenty-one years old; Henry 
Iverson, deceased; Willis F., of Macomb; Cath- 
erine (Mrs. R. C. Hall), of Oak Park, 111.; Mary 
King (Mrs. Charles McLean), of Chicago; and 
Franklin, of the same city. In his religious 
connection, Mr. Twyman was a member of the 
Christian denomination. He officiated as Trus- 
tee of the Christian Church in Macomb, and was 
also its clerk and treasurer for a long period. 
On political issues he was identified with the 
Republican party, and in fraternal circles, with 
the I. O. O. F. and the A. F. & A. M. Mr. 
Twyman filled a number of responsible posi- 
tions outside the business field. He served twice 
as County Treasurer to his great personal credit 
and the satisfaction of the public; and was also 
County Assessor and Collector for the North 
Cross Railroad. He was one of the original 
stockholders of the First National Bank of 
Macomb, owned valuable city and farm property 
and was a man of broad, reliable and thor- 
oughly honorable character. 

UPDEGRAFF, Frank, who is successfully car- 
rying on farming operations on the place In 
Mound Township. McDonough County, 111., 
where he has lived since he was one year old, 
was born In Fulton County. III.. October 7. 1855. 
His parents, James and Almlna (Humphrey) 



I032 



HISTORY OF Mcdonough county. 



Updegraff, were natives of Ohio, tlie father hav- 
ing been born in Jefferson County, that State. 
The latter came to Mound Township in 1856, 
having previously bought eighty acres of land 
in this township and added more to this later. 
He served as Supervisor, Tax Collector and 
School Treasurer of Mound Township. He died 
in 1883, but the mother is now living in Chicago. 

Frank Updegraff was reared on the paternal 
farm, and in boyhood attended the public 
schools in his vicinity. He is now engaged 
in farming and stock-raising on a farm of 360 
acres in Sections 23 and 27, and his labors 
have been rewarded with abundant success. He 
is a careful and thorough farmer, and a use- 
ful member of the community. 

On December 27, 1888. Mr. Updegraff was 
united in marriage with Etta Miller, who was 
born and schooled in Fulton County, 111., and 
they are the parents of Helen, Ray and Blanche. 
Politically, the subject of this sketch gives his 
support to the Republican party. He was 
elected Supervisor of Mound Township in 1896, 
and served eight years in that office. He was 
also Chairman of the Board of Supervisors in 
1901 and "1902. Fraternally, Mr. Updegraff is 
identified with the M. W. of A. and I. O. O. F. 

UPP, Daniel, who is living in comfortable re- 
tirement at No. 802 Jackson Street, in Macomb, 
111., was formerly a successful farmer in Ma- 
comb Townshi]), in this county. He was born 
in Hocking County, Ohio, July 11, 18.50, a son 
of George and Rachel (Tower) Upp. Both 
of his parents were natives of Ohio, his fa- 
ther born in Circleville, Pickaway County, and 
his mother, in Hocking County. James Tower, 
the maternal grandfather, was born in the 
State of Maryland. George Upp, the father, fol- 
lowed the occupation of a farmer, and on first 
coming to Illinois worked a farm in Emmet 
Township, McDonough County, but afterwards 
bought land in Macomb Township. Daniel Upp 
is the second of a family of four children born 
to his father and mother, and was brought to 
McDonough County when he was in his second 
year. He grew up on the farm, attending the 
district school at intervals, and living under the 
paternal roof until he attained the age of twen- 
ty-three years. At that period he engaged in 
farming on a portion of the homestead and 
continued thus until 1902, except during the 
years which he spent in Nebraska. In 1902 his 



father deeded to him 200 acres of the home- 
stead, and in the same year Daniel Upp bought 
residence property in Macomb, to which he 
moved, having withdrawn from active labors. 
The father died August 6, 1902, and the mother 
in 1886. 

On December 25, 1873, Mr. Upp was united in 
marriage with Mary Harris, who was born in 
Cincinnati. Ohio, and there, in youthful days, 
attended the public schools. From this union 
sprang four children, namely: Mattie (Mrs. 
Patrick Whalen), George, Astella Dorothy 
(Mrs. Arthur), and Mahala. Mrs. Upp's par- 
ents, William and Mary M. McRay, were natives 
of Ireland. Mr. Upp is in comfortable circum- 
stances, and in the fullness of his vigor is con- 
tent to enjoy in quiet leisure the fruits of his 
early labors. Politically, the subject of this 
sketch is counted in the ranks of the Demo- 
cratic party. 

UPP, Nelson (deceased), who was formerly a 
prominent farmer in Macomb Township, Mc- 
Donough County, 111., was born December 26, 
1847, in Hocking County, Ohio, where he at- 
tended public school. He was a son of George 
and Rachel (Towers) Upp, natives of Ohio, 
where the father was born in Pickaway County, 
and the mother, in Hocking County. John 
Upp. the paternal grandfather, was born in 
Pennsylvania, and James Towers, the maternal 
grandfather, was a native of Maryland. George 
Upp, who was a farmer by occupation, brought 
his family to McDonough County, when Nelson 
was five years old. The father lived on a farm 
in Macomb Township one year, and in 1853 
bought a farm near Macomb, which he operated 
until 1869, in the meantime purchasing more 
land. He died August 6, 1902. 

Nelson Upp was the eldest of three children 
born to his parents. He remained in the pa- 
ternal home until he was twenty-two years old, 
when he moved to another farm belonging to 
his father. There he stayed until he established 
his home in Macomb, in February, 1903. At 
that time he bought a residence at No. 712 
North Lafayette Street, where he lived until 
his death June 26, 1905. free from the cares 
and vexations which attend active pursuits. 
He had made a good record both as a man and a 
citizen and was respected by all who knew him. 

Mr. Upp was married December 23, 1869, to 
Rebecca Fox, who was born and schooled in 




ALFRED WARNER 



HISTORY OF Mcdonough county. 



1033 



MeDonough County. Five children resulted 
from this union, viz.: Eva L. (Mrs. O. S. Les- 
ter I, of MeDonough Count.v; Maude E. (Mrs. 
John McKee) ; Minnie D. (deceased); Lucy 
I.Mrs. Henry Graham); and Frankie Jewel. In 
politics, Mr. Upp sui)ported the policy of the 
Democratic party, and had heen Road Com- 
missioner. He was affiliated with the Univer- 
salist Church. 

VOORHEES, Elmer E., a well-known and pros- 
perous hardware merchant, of Blandinsville, 
MeDonough County, 111., was born in Raritan, 
111., on November 8, 1SG5, a son of Jacques and 
Sarah A. (Voorhees) Voorhees, natives of New 
Jersey. Jacques Voorhees followed farming for 
a number of years, and subsequently was en- 
gaged for a time in the mercantile business. 
Elmer E. Voorhees was engaged in the hard- 
ware line in Raritan for five years, and was 
also in the furniture business in Stutgart a year 
and a half. In October, 1891. he came to Blan- 
dinsville and entered into the hardware trade 
with his brother, Alliscum. Since May, 1900, he 
has conducted the concern alone, dealing in 
shelf and builders' hardware, farm implements, 
buggies, etc. 

On February IS, 1888, Mr. Voorhees was mar- 
ried to Maggie M. Beard, who was born and 
schooled in Batesville, Ohio. Mr. and Mrs. 
Voorhees have one child, Harold. Politically, 
the subject of this sketch advocates the prin- 
ciples of the Republican party. He served as 
President of the Village Board one year, and is 
now School Director. He is a member of the 
Bajjlisl Church, in which he has officiated for a 
number of years as Superintendent of the Sun- 
day School. Fraternally, Mr. Voorhees is identi- 
fied with the A. F. & .\. -M. (member of Blan- 
dinsville Lodge No. 233), I. O. O. F., M. W. of 
A., and Court of Honor. He possesses excep- 
tional capacity in his line of business, and his 
methods of dealing are deemed thoroughly re- 
liable. He is meeting with merited success, 

VOORHEES, James E., who is successfully con- 
duct ing a hardware store in Bushnell. MeDon- 
ough County, III., was born in Henderson Coun- 
ty, that State, on April 5, ISGO, a son of Henry 
D. and Elizabeth (Nevins) Voorhees, natives 
of New Jersey. Henry D. Voorhees was en- 
gaged in agricultural pursuits for a number 
of years, and also served as Justice of the 



Peace at Raritan, 111., James E. Voorhees at- 
tended the public school of his neighborhood 
during his youth, and for a considerable period 
followed farming in Henderson County. In 
1S85 he moved to a farm near Bushnell, which 
he cultivated for eight years. At the end of 
that time he purchased the interest of Mr. 
Byrne in a hardware store, which was operated 
under the firm name of Hoover & Voorhees until 
1892. In that year Mr. Voorhees bought Mr. 
Hoover's interest, and since then has conducted 
the store alone. He does a general hardware 
business in connection with a tin-shop, in which 
he employs a tinner. He deals also in paints 
and oils. 

On January 17, 1883, Mr. Voorhees was united 
in marriage with Ella Simonson, who was born 
and schooled in Bushnell. Of this union two 
children have been born: Harry and Kath- 
erine. Politically, Mr. Voorhees gives his sup- 
port to the Republican party. In 1899. he was 
elected to the City Council and in 190() is 
serving a second term. He filled the office of 
City Treasurer for two years, and is at present 
a member of the School Board. Fraternally, Mr. 
Voorhees is connected with the I. O. O. F., A. 
F. & A. M., C. of H., and M. W. A. The sub- 
ject of this sketch is a careful and energetic 
business man, and a useful and intluential 
citizen. 

VOORHEES, John J., w-ho is successfully con- 
ducting a livery and sale stable in Blandins- 
ville, MeDonough County, 111., was born in Hen- 
derson County, III., on the 27th of February, 
1879. He is a son of AUie and Mary F. (Was- 
som) Voorhees, natives of Illinois. Allie Voor- 
hees was a farmer by occupation. He carried 
on farming until 1891, when he went into the 
hardware business in Blandinsville. This he 
conducted until his death, in 1900. The mother 
of our subject is still living in Blandinsville. 

John J. Voorhees came to Blandinsville with 
his parents when twelve years old, and worked 
out on a farm for three years. In 1903 he 
bought out Luther Hamlin's livery, and conducts 
a first-class establishment, keeping about twen- 
ty head of good horses. His barn is 100 by 40 
feet in dimensions, and the harness shop, car- 
riage barn and stable connected with it cover 
an area of 191 by 20 feet, and are well equipped 
in every particular. On June 15. 1904, Mr. 
Voorhees was married to Mabel Grigsby, who 



I034 



HISTORY OF Mcdonough county. 



was born in Blandinsville, a daughter of Jeff 
Grigsby and Fannie Taylor. Mr. Grigsby is 
one of the pioneer farmers of McDonough Coun- 
ty, now living in retirement in Blandinsville 
Township where he owns upwards of 500 acres 
of land. Mrs. Voorhees is the oldest of a family 
of three children, all now living. Mr. and Mrs. 
Voorhees are the parents of one child, a son 
born in October, 1905. Politically, Mr. Voor- 
hees is a Republican, and fraternally, a mem- 
ber of the M. W. of A. 

VOORHEES, Liscom Allen (deceased), former 
hardware merchant of Blandinsville, 111., was 
born near Rarltan, Henderson County, 111., Au- 
gust 10, 1855, the second son of Jacques and 
Sarah (Allen) Voorhees, who came from Som- 
erset County, N. J., in 1850. He was educated 
In the public schools and. during the latter 
years of his life, was engaged in the hardware 
and implement trade at Blandinsville. McDon- 
ough County, in which he continued until his 
sudden death on May 16, 1900. 

Mr. Voorhees was married, September «, 1876. 
at Raritan, III., to Miss Mary Frances Wassom, 
daughter of John and Mary (Huston) Wassom, 
who came from Tennessee at an early day and 
settled in the southern part of Henderson Coun- 
ty. 111., being one of the pioneer families of that 
locality. After marriage he resided on a farm 
one-half mile north of Old Bedford until No- 
vember, 1891, when he entered the hardware 
and implement business at Blandinsville in 
partnership with his brother, Elmer E. Voor- 
hees. At the time of his death he was the 
owner of 500 acres of valuable farming land 
situated in Henderson and McDonough Coun- 
ties, and was also the proprietor of two busi- 
ness houses on Main Street in Blandinsville, 
occupied by his hardware and implement store, 
besides good residence property in the same 
place. Mr. and Mrs. Voorhees were the par- 
ents of four children, namely: Clara Ellen, 
wife of M. T. Kirkpatrick, who is engaged in 
the music business in Macomb, 111.; John 
Jacques, who married Mabel Grigsby, of Blan- 
dinsville, is engaged in the livery business, and 
they have one son, Robert Neil; Alta Pearle, 
married George T. Daniels, a merchant tailor 
of Blandinsville, and they have one daughter, 
Mary Frances; and Herbert Allen, who is en- 
gaged in buying and selling live-stock. 

The circumstances attending the death of Mr. 



Voorhees were of a peculiarly pathetic and 
tragic character. On the morning of May 16, 
1900, he left his home accompanied by a party 
of friends— Prof. B. E. Decker, W. S. Davis. J. 
A. Brakey, J. C. Bishop. William Gordon and 
George Griggs — for the forks of Crooked Creek, 
some sixteen miles southwest of Blandinsville, 
where they contemplated spending a couple of 
days fishing. Arriving at their destination in 
the early afternoon, they entered upon the ob- 
ject of their visit by the use of a seine in shal- 
low water, but failing to secure the success an- 
ticiijated, accompanied by one of his compan- 
ions, Mr. Voorhees sought a more favorable 
location. Here finding himself in deeper water 
he was soon compelled to swim. Although a 
good swimmer, for some reason he was soon 
overcome, and none of the rest of the party 
being able to swim, they were unable to render 
him the needed aid. Assistance was obtained 
a tew minutes later, but it came too late, and, 
when his body was recovered some twenty min- 
utes later, life was extinct, and the party which 
had left Blandinsville in the morning with such 
bright hopes of a jjleasant outing, returned the 
following evening bearing with them to his 
stricken family the lifeless remains of their 
friend and comrade. Mr. Voorhees was a man 
of much personal popularity; honorable and 
upright in all his dealings; generous in his 
treatment of the poor and the distressed; lib- 
eral in the support of the church with which 
his family was identified — and his sudden and 
unexpected taking off was deplored by a large 
circle of sorrowing friends, as shown by the 
honors paid to his memory on the day of his 
funeral. 

WADDILL, Charles R.— Among the enterpris- 
ing farmers of Tennessee Township. McDon- 
ough County, 111., is the subject of this sketch, 
who was born in Tennessee Township March 8, 
1855. His father. Wesley Waddill, was born in 
East Tennessee, and his mother, Mary E. (Law- 
yer) Waddill, was a native of Ohio. Wesley 
Waddill came to Tennessee Township with his 
parents, who were among the earliest settlers in 
this vicinity. His father entered land in Sec- 
tion 32, and Wesley Waddill also bought land 
in the township at a later period. 

Charles R. Waddill is the second of four chil- 
dren. His only sister, Mrs. James R. Tabler, 
is older than he. He lived under the parental 




S^a^^^t^^^^^ 



HISTORY OF Mcdonough county. 



1035 



roof until he was twenty-four years old. Then 
he occupied a rented place for two years, after 
which he moved to a farm of his own consist- 
ing of eighty-nine acres, in Section 30, where 
he has since lived, with the exception of the 
period between 189S and 1901, which he spent 
in Plymouth, 111., for the benefit of his health. 
On .Tune 16, 1886, Mr. Waddill was married 
to Hannah E. Follin, who was born and schooled 
in Richland County, Ohio. The children born 
of this union are: Louisa (Mrs. Erwin Ouster- 
hout). who lives near Des Moines, la.; Walter. 
who also resides in that city; and Candice. who 
is with her parents. Politically, Mr. Waddill 
belongs to the Republican party. 

WADDILL, Clarence E., who is engaged in 
coal-mining and lives at Tennessee, McDonough 
County, 111., was born in Tennessee Township, 
that county. May 7, 1869. He is a son of Dan- 
iel B. and Mary E. (Dull) Waddill, natives, 
respectively, of the States of Tennessee and 
Vir;iinia. The grandfather, Thomas Waddill, 
was born in the State of Tennessee, and Grand- 
father William Dull was a Virginian. At an 
early period Thomas Waddill settled on the 
site of the present town of Tennessee, and in 
consideration of granting the railroad the right 
of way through his land, he induced that cor- 
poration to name the railroad station Tennessee, 
in honor of his native State. 

Clarence E. Waddill was reared on his fa- 
ther's farm, and in early boyhood attended the 
public schools in his neighborhood. From the 
age of seventeen years he worked during the 
winter seasons in the coal mines. In 1899 he 
started a breeding barn, and now keeps three 
stallions. In politics. Mr. Waddill is a Repub- 
lican. In fraternal relations, he is identified 
with the I. O. O. F. and the I. O. R. .M. 

WALKER, Cyrus, a much respected farmer 
now living in retirement in Macomb. 111., was 
born in the vicinity of Columbia, Adair County, 
Ky.. in September, 1832. He is the son of Cyrus 
Walker and Flora (Montgomery) Walker, the 
former born in Rockbridge County, Va., May 6, 
1791, and died December 4, 1876, the latter born 
near Lexington, Ky., in 1794, and died Decem- 
ber 5, 1862. The paternal grandfather, Alex- 
ander Walker, was a native of Virginia, born 
In 1765, and his wife's maiden name was Magde- 
lene Hammond. Cyrus Walker, Sr., who was 



a prominent and widely known criminal lawyer 
in western Illinois, first came to McDonough 
County in 1828, and having bought a section 
of land in Scotland Townshrip, brought his 
family there in May, 1833. He was the father of 
seven children, of whom his son Cyrus was the 
youngest. He had in all 780 acres of land, 
which he divided among his children, the sub- 
ject of this sketch receiving 152 acres of the 
old homestead, upon which he lived with his 
parents until their death. Mr. Walker con- 
tinued to live on the place until his retirement 
from active labors, when in November, 1901, 
he moved to Macomb and bought a residence on 
South Dudley Street. Until then he had been a 
general farmer and stock-raiser, and had pros- 
pered in his undertakings. He has lived an in- 
dustrious, useful life, and is now enjoying that 
repose to which many years of faithful exertion 
have entitled him. Mr. Walker was married 
September 11, 1860, to Mary L. McGaughery, 
who was born in Putnamville, Putnam County, 
Ind.. in 1842, where she received her education 
in the public school. Eight children resulted 
from this union, namely: John Cyrus, Flora 
Esther, Cynthia Ann, Arthur, Guy, Grier, Pitt 
M. and Nancy G. Mr. Walker's political opin- 
ions are in accordance with the policies of the 
Republican party, and in religious belief, he is 
a Presbyterian. He voted for the first Repub- 
lican candidate for President, .Tohn C. Fremont. 

WALKER, John D. (deceased), who was a 
much respected citizen of Macomb, III., for more 
than sixty years, was born in Athens County, 
Ohio, March 30, 1805, a son of John and Lydia 
(Sawyer) Walker. His father was born in 
Yorkshire, England, and his mother was also 
of English birth. The subject of this sketch 
utilized the meager opportunities afforded by 
the primitive schools of that early period. In 
his youth he learned the carpenter's trade, 
which he followed many years, although at 
various times he pursued other occupations, 
being a farmer, butcher and tanner. While 
doing carpenter work he had charge of the 
building of the court-house at Lancaster. Pa. 
For two years he made his home in Zanesville, 
Ohio. Then he returned to his father's home 
and gathered up a drove of horses, which he 
took to Virginia and sold. He remained in 
Virginia eight months, working at his trade 
and then went to Pittsburg, Pa. In 1832. Mr. 



1036 



HISTORY OF Mcdonough county. 



Walker came to Macomb, where his first work 
was to build a log cabin on the site where the 
Universalist Church now stands. He subse- 
quently moved to a farm east of Macomb, but 
returned to town and resumed carpenter work. 
In ISSO he built the house on South Dudley 
Street, where his widow now lives. At one time 
he owned considerable property In Macomb and 
elsewhere in McDonough County. He was no- 
tably generous, and his generosity often caused 
him fiaancial embarrassment. He was a good 
shot and very fond of hunting, not having far 
to go to get what deer he wanted. In politics, 
he was an earnest Republican and took an ac- 
tive part in party affairs. His religious con- 
nection was with the Methodist Episcopal 
Church. Mr. Walker died of old age, December 
3, 1S92, and was buried in the old cemetery west 
of Macomb. 

Mr. Walker was four times married. His 
first wife, whose maiden name was Catherine 
Rutan, was born and educated in Ohio, and to 
her he was married in 1829. Jane Sample be- 
came his second wife and bore him five chil- 
dren, namely: Matilda, Mary, Eliza, Lydia 
Jane and Martha. The third wife was formerly 
Mrs. Gash. His fourth marriage was to Mrs. 
Martha M. (Reed) Taylor, widow of J. C. Tay- 
lor, who bore him five children, namely: James 
E., Ella Rosamond, Lucius and Lucian 
(twins), and Hattie L. By Mr. Walker she had 
two daughters — Lillian Frances and Galetta 
Maude. Mrs. Walker's ancestry can be traced 
to a remote period. The first of the family to 
come to the United States was William Reed, 
who settled in Boston in 1630. George Wash- 
ington was related to the Reed family. 

WARD, Quinton C, for many years a highly- 
respected resident of Macomb, McDonough 
County, 111., and generally known throughout 
the county and the surrounding country as a 
sagacious and successful banker, was born in 
Blandinsville Township, McDonough County, 
February 14, 1838. He is a son of Samuel 
and Harriet (White) Ward, natives of Wash- 
ington County, Ky. His early ancestors on the 
paternal side came from North Carolina to 
Kentucky, where they settled and carried on 
farming. Grandfather Nathan Ward was born 
in Kentucky, and Grandmother Lucy (Fowler) 
Ward was a native of Maryland. Samuel Ward 
brought his family to Blandinsville Township, 



McDonough County, in 1833, and was engaged 
in agricultural pursuits during the remainder 
of his life. His son, Quinton C, grew up on 
the farm, attending the district schools of the 
neighborhood as opportunity offered, and assist- 
ing his uncle in farming. On leaving the farm, 
he engaged in merchandising, at Blandinsville, 
which he followed successfully for ten years. 
At the end of this period he entered into the 
banking business, in which he has since con- 
tinued with successful results. As a financier 
Mr. Ward is sound and conservative, and his 
counsel is often sought in connection with 
investments. 

On July 10, 1860, Mr. Ward was united in 
marriage with Aura Webb, who was born in 
Warren County, 111., where in girlhood she re- 
ceived her education in the district schools. 
On political questions the opinions of Mr. Ward 
are ' in harmony with the Democratic party. 
Fraternally, he is affiliated with the A. F. & A. 
M., belonging to Macomb Lodge No. 17, Morse 
Chapter No. 19, and Macomb Commandery No. 
61. 

WARNER, Alfred.— One of the most thorough 
and reliable farmers of New Salem Township, 
McDonough County, III., is Alfred Warner, who 
was born in Onondaga County, N. Y., July 7, 
1842, a son of James and Densie (Rust) War- 
ner, the former a native of Chenango County, 
N. Y., and the latter of Connecticut. The sub- 
ject of this sketch is the youngest of twelve 
children. In boyhood he attended the common 
schools and, in 1855, came with his parents to 
Illinois and settled on a farm in Blandinsville 
Township, McDonough County. In 1858 he 
changed his residence to Eldorado Township, 
making his home with J. E. Harris until Sep- 
tember. 1S61. when he enlisted in Company H, 
Twenty-eighth Regiment Illinois Volunteer In- 
fantry, and served throughout the war. He 
was In the Western Army, operating along the 
Mississippi River, until September 10. 1864, 
when he was honorably discharged. On his re- 
turn to McDonough County, he bought eighty 
acres of land in New Salem Township, to which 
he moved a year later and on which he has 
since lived. He had added to the extent of his 
farm until it now comprises 160 acres of the 
choicest farming land in the State. 

On October 28, 1875, Mr. Warner was united 
in matrimony with Priscilla Cox, who was born 




(y~XC^7f^^-^^j^^^. 



HISTORY OF >rcDONOUGH COUXTY. 



1037 



in Guernsey County, Ohio, where she attended 
the common schools in her girlhood. Mr. and 
Mrs. Warner became the parents of five chil- 
dren, namely: Mary, who lives on the home 
farm; Alice. Mrs. Horace Harris; and Delphine, 
Harold and Carl, who remain under the parental 
roof. In politics, Mr. Warner Rives his sup- 
port to the Democratic party, and for a number 
of years he held the office of Road Commis- 
sioner. Fraternally, he is a member of the G. 
A. R. He is a man of correct habits and faith- 
ful to his obligations, being esteemed by his 
neighbors as a useful member of the commu- 
nity. 

WATERS, Edward.— Among the most enter- 
prising and substantial farmers of New Salem 
Township. McDonough County. 111., is the sub- 
ject of this sketch. Mr. Waters was born in 
New Orleans. La., June 11, 1843, a son of James 
and Ella (Keys) Waters, the former a native 
of Ireland, and the latter of New Orleans. The 
parents of Mr. Waters died in New Orleans, 
and, when two years of age, he came with his 
brother to Morgan County, 111., where he lived 
ten years, during which period he received a 
modicum of mental training in the district 
schools. He then came with William Rutledge 
to New Salem Township, McDonough County, 
where he worked four years for Clayburn Kerr, 
and continued his schooling when opportunity 
offered. He was afterward engaged in farming 
for one year and sold out his crop in order to 
join Company L, Seventh Regiment Illinois 
Volunteer Cavalry, in which he enlisted Septem- 
ber 3, 1861. He served in the Western Army 
in connection with a scouting expedition, was 
engaged in several skirmishes, and was mus- 
tered out in the fall of 1SC4. On returning to 
McDonough County he rented a farm in .New 
Salem Township, which he cultivated for one. 
year. About two years after his marriage, he 
bought forty acres of land in Section 26, New 
Salem Township, on which he lived thirteen 
years. Three years previously he had pur- 
chased ItjO acres in Section 36, In the same 
township. He has made all the improvements, 
including a fine residence and all the out- 
buildings. 

On December 7, 1865, Mr. Waters was joined 
in wedlock with Lydia L. Kerr, who was born in 
Fulton County, 111., and after receiving her 
elementary instruction In the public schools, 
pursued a course of study In Bloomington 



College. Ten children were the offspring of 
this union, as follows: Ella J., who died at 
the age of twenty-eight years; George; M. Het- 
tie and Gertrude, who are at home; Frank; Ed- 
ward: Dora, who is at home; Grace, who died 
at the age of twenty years; Ral|)h, who died 
when three years old; and Vera, who is with 
her parents. On political issues Mr. Waters is 
a prominent Republican. He is an active par- 
tisan, and has served a term as Supervisor and 
filled the office of Road Commissioner. In fra- 
ternal affiliations, Mr. Walters is connected 
with the A. F. & A. M., I. O. O. F., and K. of P. 
Intelligent, energetic and honorable, he is one 
of the truly representative farmers of New 
Salem Township. 

WATSON, Dugald A., a well-known and sub- 
stantial farmer of Macomb Township. McDon- 
ough County, 111., was born in this county, 
March 4, 18.53. His parents, Alexander and Isa- 
bel (Galbraith) Watson, w-ere natives of Argyle- 
shire. Scotland. The grandfathers, Hugh Wat- 
son and Daniel Galbraith, were also of Scotch 
origin. Alexander Avatson and his wife came 
from Scotland to the United States and. In 1851, 
located in McDonough County, where the fa- 
ther purchased a farm in Section 12, In Scot- 
land Township. Both are now living retired in 
Macomb. Dugald A. Watson, who is the second 
of the seven children born to his parents. |)ur- 
sued his boyhood studies in the public school, 
after which he attended the Macomb Branch 
Normal School, remaining at home until he 
was twenty-seven years old. At that period 
he bought a farm of 160 acres in Sections 35 
and 36. Macomb Township, which he has since 
successfully operated. 

On February 19, 18S0. Mr. Watson was united 
in marriage with Catherine McMlllen, who was 
born In Scotland Township, where, in girlhood, 
she attended the public schools. The offspring 
of this union are: Alice C, Edgar and Clarence. 
As to religion, the subject of this sketch ac- 
cepts the doctrine of the Presbyterian Church, 
and gives his political support to the Repub- 
lican party. In 1895 and 1S96 he held the office 
of Supervisor, and has served as School Di- 
rector since 1893. Fraternally, Mr. Watson Is 
Identified with the M. W. A. 

WATSON, Hugh (deceased), formerly one of 
the most prominent and prosperous merchants 
of Macomb, III., was born near Campbelltown, 



I038 



HISTORY OF Mcdonough county. 



Argyleshire. Scotland, March 26, 1851, a son of 
Alexander and Isabella (Galbraith) Watson, na- 
tives of Scotland. Alexander Watson was a 
farmer by occupation, and, in 1857, came with 
his family to the United States. Proceeding 
west to Illinois, he located in the vicinity of 
Camp Creek, McDonough County, subsequently 
removing to Scotland Township, the same 
county, where he bought a farm and carried on 
agriculture until 1893. At that period he re- 
tired from active life and moved to Macomb. 
111., where he and his wife now reside. 

In his boyhood Hugh Watson attended the 
district schools in Scotland Township, and later 
pursued a course of study in the Branch Col- 
lege, Macomb. Following this he worked for 
his father on the farm, and afterward he and 
his brother operated a threshing machine. 
About the year 1889 Mr. Watson bought the 
interest of Mr. Brooking, of the firm of Scott 
& Brooking, hardware and implement dealers, 
and was engaged in this line up to the time of 
his death, which occurred June 30, 1892. His 
untimely demise was the result of an accident 
which befell him while in the public service 
and engaged in the discharge of his official duty 
as Alderman of Macomb. He was a member of 
the Water Works Committee of the City Coun- 
cil, and was occupied in inspecting the con- 
struction of that system, when a scaffolding 
fell and struck his head, inflicting fatal in- 
juries from which he died a few hours later. 
Mr. Watson was a liberal-minded and public- 
spirited man, was a model citizen, and took a 
constant and lively interest in all that pertained 
to the welfare of the community. 

On March 29, 1882, Mr. Watson was married 
to Jennie S. Blazer, who was born November 
3, 1854, near Table Grove, McDonough County, 
111., and in girlhood received her education in 
the schools in the vicinity of her home. She 
is a daughter of David and Nancy A. (Cavitt) 
Blazer, natives of Pennsylvania, where they 
became husband and wife. The Blazer family 
came west in 1853, and located in McDonough 
County. Dr. David Blazer, Mrs. Watson's fa- 
ther, enlisted at Chicago, in 1862, in the 
Twelfth Regiment Illinois Volunteer Cavalry, 
In which he served three years. He lost his 
health during this period, and was honorably 
discharged. On account of the impairment of 
his health, he was compelled to retire from the 
practice of his profession and to undertake the 



operation of a farm. He died March 26, 1873, 
and his widow now resides in Macomb. Dr. 
Blazer was a Presbyterian in his religious be- 
lief, and in politics, gave his support to the 
Republican party. 

To Mr. and Mrs. Watson were born five chil- 
dren, namely: Alza C, a teacher in the public 
schools of Macomb; Florence M., a stenographer 
in the Illinois Manufacturing Company, of Ma- 
comb; Ruth E., who took a business-college 
course in Macomb; Irene A., who is a pupil in 
the Macomb High School; and Hugh Ivan, who 
died at the age of eight months. The four 
daughters are especially bright and intelligent 
young ladies, and their mother, who presides 
over the domestic circle in their pleasant home 
at No. 624 East Jackson Street, Macomb, is a 
most worthy and estimable woman. 

In politics, Hugh Watson was an earnest Re- 
publican. Besides serving as Alderman, he 
held the ofHce of Township Clerk for a number 
of years, and served a long period as Super- 
visor. While filling this office he was a mem- 
ber of the committee which supervised the erec- 
tion of the County Poor House. Religiously, 
the subject of this sketch was a consistent mem- 
ber of the Presbyterian Church. In fraternal 
affiliation, he was identified with the I. O. O. F. 
and the M. W. A. In all the relations of life 
he was loyal to the highest ideals. He was a 
lover of home, a devoted husband and father. 
and the object of warm regard from hosts of 
friends throughout the city and county. 

WATSON, John, who has been engaged in 
farming in Scotland Township, McDonough 
County, 111., for more than half a century, is a 
native of Argyleshire, Scotland, where he was 
born March 9, 1824, a son of Hugh and Jane 
(McMillan) Watson, also natives of Scotland. 
Mr. Watson is the eldest of a family of five 
children, four of whom were boys. He learned 
the shoemaker's trade in Scotland after finish- 
ing his schooling in Glasgow, and worked there 
until he was thirty-two years old. The family 
then emigrated to the United States, proceed- 
ing directly to McDonough County, 111., where 
they arrived in August, 1851. Three years later, 
together with his brothers and sister, he bought 
a farm in the north half of Section 12. Scotland 
Township, and lived with them until 1857. He 
then built a house and moved to his portion' of 
the farm, to which he added until he had 200 





, (\€p; Y^ i^^U^^^^y^ 



HISTORY OF McDOXOUGH COUXTY. 



1039 



acres, eighty acres of which he has sold to his 
son. At first he worlied at shoemalving to- 
gether with farming, but later abandoned the 
trade worli and devoted his whole attention to 
agriculture. When Mr. Watson came to this 
country the land was unbroken prairie, and very 
hard work was necessary in order to place it in 
cultivation. The timber used for his fences and 
buildings was hauled a distance of twenty-five 
miles. 

On January 15, 1857, the subject of this 
sketch was married to Janette Douglas, who 
was born in Roxburyshire, Scotland, where she 
attended public school in her youth. Four chil- 
dren blessed this union, namely: Janette (Mrs. 
John McAllister), a resident of Scotland Town- 
ship; Margaret (Mrs. Alexander McMillan), 
also living in that township; John H.; and 
Sarah, who lives across the road from the old 
homestead. Mr. Watson's religious belief is 
based on the creed of the Presbyterian Church. 
Politically, he is a Republican. He has done his 
full share in developing McDonough County, 
and the material and moral conditions, now ob- 
servable in Scotland Township, attest the 
earnestness of his endeavors and those of his 
contemporaries. 

WEAR, George M., a successful farmer and 
stock-raiser, located on his fine farm of 153 Vi 
acres just southwest of Macomb, McDonough 
County, 111., was born in Lamoine Township, 
McDonough County, December 29, 1870, and re- 
ceived a thorough education in the public 
and Normal schools. He Is a son of Hugh and 
Caroline (Holstine) Wear, who were born in 
McDonough County, the father in Lamoine 
Township. The paternal grandparents were Jo- 
seph and Mary (Downs) Wear, the former a 
native either of Virginia or of Tennessee. On 
the maternal side the grandparents were George 
and Matilda Holstine, the latter born in 1812. 
Great-grandfather Wear came to McDonough 
County in 1832 with his family of three sons 
and three daughters. Here he pre-empted land, 
which he cleared and cultivated until 1870, when 
he died. Grandfather Wear died November 20, 
1894, at the age of eighty years. His son, 
Hugh, one of six children, lives In Lamoine 
Township on land which the greatgrand- 
ther obtained from the Government. George 
M. Wear, who Is the third of five children born 
on the original homestead, lived there until 



1894. He then moved to a farm about half a 
mile away, where he remained two years, and 
then moved to grandfather Wear's farm in the 
same township. There he lived until March 1, 
1904, when he bought and occupied his present 
farm. His main crops are corn and grass, and 
he raises horses, hogs and cattle. He is an 
intelligent, energetic and progressive farmer, 
and his diligent application to the tasks be- 
fore him, together with systematic methods, is 
producing most satisfactory results. 

Mr. Wear was married December IG, 1894, to 
Glona Fugate, who was born and schooled in 
McDonough County. Five children have re- 
sulted from this union: Fay. Fern, Miriam, 
Pauline and Helen. Politically, the subject of 
this sketch is a Republican, and fraternally, 
is a member of the 1. O. O. F. and M. W. A. 

WEIRATHER, George L., proprietor of a flour- 
ishing milling establishment in Bushnell. Mc- 
Donough County, 111., was born in Fulton Coun- 
ty, 111., in 18C9, and there attended the com- 
mon school in his neighborhood. He Is a son of 
Ferdinand Weirather, a mechanic by occupa- 
tion, who was a native of Germany, and Na- 
talia (Weidensee) Weirather, who was also of 
German birth. Mr. Weirather came to McDon- 
ough County in 1894. For two years he was 
engaged in the ice business, and then com- 
menced learning the milling business. In July, 
1903, he leased the mill previously conducted 
by Nagle Brothers, where he does all kinds of 
milling in hard spring and native wheat, to- 
gether with grinding corn, etc. The mill, which 
is of 100 barrels capacity, and located on both 
the railroad lines here, is equipped with all 
facilities for successful operation, and handles 
large quantities of feed. Under the careful 
and diligent management of Mr. Weirather Its 
patronage Is constantly increasing. The sub- 
ject of this sketch was married in October, 
1891, to Anna Albrecht, who was born in Mc- 
Donough County. 

WELCH, William D., who has been for a long 
time successfully operating his fine farm in 
Hire Township, McDonough County, 111., was 
born in Tennessee Township, McDonough Coun- 
ty, January 17, 1834. He Is a son of Jefferson 
and Adella (Caldwell) Welch, natives of Ken- 
tucky. Jefferson Welch and Adella Caldwoll 
came to McDonough County In 1833, and their 



1040 



HISTORY OF .Mcdonough county. 



marriage took place in that county the same 
year, mailing the second wedding ceremony per- 
formed in the county. The father, who served 
in the Blaclv Hawk War, entered land in Ten- 
nessee Township, and, after clearing it, fol- 
lowed farming and stock-raising. William D. 
Welch obtained what mental instruction he 
could in the common schools of the neighbor- 
hood as opportunity offered, while assisting 
his father on the farm, also attending the col- 
lege at Abingdon, 111. He bought his present 
farm of ICO acres in Section 27, Hire Town- 
ship, in 1S71, and has made all the improve- 
ments on it, being the final owner of about 
600 acres of choice farming land, all of which 
he has since sold but 160 acres. 

Mr. Welch was married on February 2!>, 1877. 
to Eliza Hoffman, of Missouri, a daughter of 
Payton and Elizabeth (Milburn) Hoffman, na- 
tives of Kentucky. The children born of this 
union are as follows: Frank, Samuel, Anna 
(Mrs. W. D. Null), who resides In Hancock 
County, 111.; Arthur, .lefferson, Essie, Robert 
and Melvin. Mr. Welch is a member of the 
Baptist Church, and politically, a supporter ot 
the Democratic party. He has served one term 
as Road Commissioner and filled other local 
offices. He is a man of intelligence and strict 
probity, and has lived an irreproachable life. 
His success in agricultural pursuits is but the 
natural result of many years of industrious 
application to the work before him, and of 
frugal and upright habits of living. 

WESTFALL, Alonzo M., M. D., who is well 
known to the residents of Prairie City, Mc- 
Donough County, 111., and to the people of the 
surrounding country, as a skillful and success- 
ful physician and surgeon here practicing, is a 
native of Iowa, where he was born August 29, 
1844. He is a son of Fielding L. and Malinda 
(Stapleton) Westtall, the former born in Ohio, 
and the latter in Indiana. Fielding L. West- 
fall was also a physician. He and his wife first 
settled in Macomb in 1845, moving thence to 
Prairie City in 1856, where he continued the 
practice of medicine until his death, in 1871, at 
the age of fifty-three years. His widow is still 
living at the age of ninety-one years, and 
makes her home with her son, the subject of 
this sketch. 

After receiving his early education in the 
public school of his neighborhood. Dr. A. M. 



Westfall completed his literary studies in the 
Prairie City High School, then studied medicine 
with his father, and commenced practice in 
connection with him in 1870. He has enjoyed 
for many years a large and lucrative patron- 
age, and commands the confidence and respect 
of those to whom he renders professional serv- 
ice, and of the public in general. Dr. Westfall 
was united in marriage, March 16, 1864, with 
Mary A. Murray, a daughter of William ani 
Lavina Murray, of Canton, 111., and the Doctor 
and his wife have three children: Minnie A., 
William L., and Frank Kemper, who is engaged 
in the practice of medicine in Macomb, HI. Po- 
litically, Dr. Westfall is a Republican, and fra- 
ternally, is affiliated with the Masonic Order, 
being present Past Master of Golden Gate Lodge 
No. 248, Prairie City; also a member of the I. 
O. 0. F. and M. W. of A. 

WESTFALL, Elnathan Kemper, M. D.— Among 
the veteran physicians of Western Illinois, 
whose careers have redounded to the credit of 
the medical profession in that section of the 
State, Bushnell, McDonough County, may well 
lay claim to one of the oldest, as to length cf 
residence, in the person of Dr. Westfall, his life 
there having spanned a period of more than 
half a century, and his administration of the 
benefits of the healing art having extended 
through two generations of patients. His name 
is familiar as a hotisehold word to the people 
of Bushnell and the surrounding country, and 
his timely presence has been welcomed as an 
assurance of lelief from the pangs of sickness 
in many homes. Dr. Westfall was born in 
Thorntown, Boone County, Ind., on January S, 
1S39, the second son of Cornelius and Sarah 
(Davis) Westfall. His father was born March 
7, 1778, in a stockade fort where the town 
ot Beverley, W. Va., now stands. The mother, 
Sarah (Davis) Westfall, was born in the vicin- 
ity of Trenton, N. J., February 16, 1787. 

The ancestors of the Westfall family were 
natives of Westphalia, Germany. During the 
Revolutionary War, Jacob Westfall, father of 
Cornelius, was an officer in the Virginia con- 
tingent of the Continental Army, and was in 
command of the stockade above mentioned at 
the time of the birth bf Cornelius. The latter 
was variously occupied during his career, being 
successively a teacher, merchant, surveyor and 
farmer. He served with the troops of General 







iM(y^ 



HISTORY OF McDOXOL'GH COLWTY. 



1041 



George Rogers Clark during the raids on the 
Indian towns in 17S1, holding the position of 
First Lieutenant In Capt. George Jackson's 
company of Virginia State Regiment (Col. 
Zachariah Morgan). For disability Incurred In 
this service he drew a pension during the last 
few years of his life, it being continued to his 
wife, Mary (King) Westfall. from 1838 (when 
she was eighty years of age) until her death 
in 1845. Jacob Westfall was also County Lieu- 
tenant of Randolph County, Va., In 1792, as 
such officer organizing and controlling the mili- 
tia of the county. One of his verbatim reports 
appears in Volume 5, pp. 575-576 "Calendar of 
Virginia State Papers," on file in the State 
Library at Indianapolis, Ind. The paternal 
grandfather of Dr. Westfall was also a member 
of the colony which located the present city 
of Dayton, Ohio, and taught the first school 
opened there. Under the official authority of 
Miami County, he platted the town of Troy. 
Ohio, and as the county's agent, sold the lots 
thus platted. At one time he attended to nearly 
all the official business of Miami County, and 
for twenty-four years served in the capacity of 
Clerk of the Court of Common Pleas of that 
county. At a later period, he founded the 
village of Thorntown, Ind., on ground which 
was his property, the place being laid out in 
1S30. During the War of 1812, Cornelius West- 
fall was connected with the commissary de- 
partment of the army which had its head- 
quarters near Fort Wayne, and purchased cat- 
tle in the Ohio settlements, driving them 
through a wilderness beset by hostile Indians. 
In order to provide the troops with beef. Other 
supplies he transported on pack-horses. In 
1854 he settled in Macomb, 111., where he died 
September 8, 1856. 

The childhood and early youth of Dr. West- 
fall were passed under the parental roof, an 1 
by the home fireside he received from a duti 
ful mother the rudiments of his mental eduv'a- 
tlon. He went to school in the old, red school- 
house at Thorntown, Ind., and was afterwards 
a pupil in the Mount Pleasant country school, 
near Bardolph. McDonough County, all his ele- 
mentary education being obtained In buildings 
containing but a single room. When about 
seventeen years old the death of his father 
devolved upon him the care of his mother and 
sisters, and he was compelled to relinquish the 
leisurely life he had previously led, and con- 



front the necessity of hard work. The next ten 
years he devoted to farming and school teach- 
ing, and these pursuits occupied his time until 
the outbreak of the Civil War. In May. 18C1. 
he enlisted in Company B, Sixteenth Regiment 
Illinois Volunteer Infantry, under the command 
of the lamented Capt. D. P. Wells, of which he 
was elected Orderly Sergeant on its organiza- 
tion. He was afterward promoted to be Sec- 
ond Lieutenant, then First Lieutenant, and 
served in the latter capacity until January 20, 
1862, when he resigned on account of ill health. 
After some time spent In study of medicine 
with his brother. Dr. B. R. Westfall, of Ma- 
comb, in the winter of 1866-67. he took a course 
of lectures in the Hahnemann Medical College, 
in Chicago, and in May following, commenced 
the practice of his profession in Bushnell, 111. 
In the nearly two-score years that have elapsed 
since that event, he has become an object of 
respect and confidence to hosts of people as a 
skillful and faithful physician, and, despite all 
the wear and strain of a long and arduous 
career, is still ready to make jirompt and effi- 
cient response to the summons of duty. 

Dr. Westfall has been twice married. His 
first wife was Emma Curl, to whom he was 
wedded in 1873, and who died the same year. 
On October 16, 1879. he was united in marriage, 
at Bushnell, 111., with Irene Wann, who was 
born in Butler County, Pa., July 19, 1855. Mrs. 
Westfall is a daughter of Curtis Wann. who 
removed from Pennsylvania to Vermont, Ful- 
ton County, 111., when she was but a child 
Her father located in Bushnell, where he con- 
ducted a machine shop and foundry. He died 
at Salina. Kans.. in 1900. Four children were 
the result of this union, namely: Mary Har- 
riet, born February 28, 1881; Clara Ella, who 
was born July 4, 1883, and died December 15, 
ISSO: Curtis Cornelius, born July 14, 18S6; and 
Beverly Kemper, born November 1. 1893. 

In politics. Dr. Westfall is a Republican. His 
first vote for a presidential candidate was cast 
for Abraham Lincoln, and he has ever since 
maintained an unswerving allegiance to the 
Republican party. For a considerable period 
he was an infiuential factor in its local coun- 
cils, and took an active part in its campaign". 
He held the office of Alderman In Bushnell for 
two terms, and was a member of the County 
Board of Supervisors. He served as Representa- 
tive In the Twenty-eighth and Thirtieth General 



1042 



HISTORY OF AIcDONOUGH COUNTY. 



Assemblies of Illinois, and acted in the capacity 
of Postmaster of Bushnell three terms. In 
fraternal circles, he is affiliated with the A. 
F. & A. M., K. of P. and M. W. A. He is also 
actively identified with the Grand Army of the 
Republic, and a regular attendant of the State 
Encampment. 

Dr. Westfall has made his home in McDon- 
ough County for more than fifty-two years, dur- 
ing which period he has not been absent from 
its borders for any considerable length of time, 
except on three occasions, viz.: In 185S, when 
he spent a summer in Kansas; in 1S61-62, while 
serving in the Civil War, and in 1S64, when 
he made a trip to Montana with oxen, in order 
to regain the health which his experience in the 
army had impaired. He is hale and hearty at 
the age of sixty-eight years, and continues 
in the active practice of his profession. Genial 
in temperament, with spirits as elastic and 
buoyant as in life's meridian, he is still a vi- 
vacious and cordially welcome figure in the 
social life of the community with which he has 
been so long and conspicuously identified. 

WESTFALL, Frank Kemper, M. D., a physician 
of high prominence, who at the outset of his 
career has already attained a successful prac- 
tice in Macomb, McDonough County, 111., was 
born in Prairie City, that State, January 21, 
ISSO. He is a son of Alonzo Madison and Mary 
Ann (Murray) Westfall, the former having 
been a skillful and highly respected physician 
in Prairie City, 111. Macomb was also the home 
of the paternal grandfather, who was a carpen- 
ter by trade, and built some dwellings and 
stores which are now landmarks of the olden 
times. He later studied medicine and practiced 
seventeen years in Prairie City, 111., up to the 
date of his death. His widow is still living, 
and is one of the two or three surviving mem- 
bers of the Universalist Church, of Macomb. 

The subject of this sketch graduated from 
the Prairie City High School in 1898. During 
vacation he clerked in a grocery^ and afterward 
worked one year In a clothing store. He com- 
menced the study ol medicine in 1899, at Ens- 
worth Medical College, in Missouri, where he 
spent one year. He then went to Chicago, 
where he entered the Hahnemann Medical Col- 
lege, from which he was graduated in May, 
1903. In this institution he was favored with 
an alternate interneship. He came from Prairie 



City to Macomb in June, 1903, and commenced 
practice as a homeopathic physician. Within a 
brief period he has built up a good practice, 
making a specialty of children's diseases. He 
enjoys the confidence of his patients to an un- 
usual degree for one of limited experience in 
the profession. 

On September 15, 1904, at St. Joseph, Mo., 
Dr. Westfall was united in marriage with Dixie 
D. Hyde, who was born July 20, 1884. Her 
grandfather was a very wealthy man, and was 
one of the first settlers of St. Joseph. There 
he owned at one time, what is now Hyde Park 
and Hyde Valley. On political issues. Dr. West- 
fall takes his stand with the Republican party, 
and in religious faith, is a Presbyterian. He 
is also a fnember of the Ustion Medical Fra- 
ternity, of the McDonough County Medical So- 
ciety, the Illinois State Medical Association, 
and the American Medical Association; is also 
affiliated with the A. F. & A. M., as a member 
of Prairie City Lodge No. 248, and with the B. 
P. O. E. No. 1009. The subject of this sketch 
is attacned to the medical staff of Marietta 
Phelps Hospital, and is laying the foundation 
of a useful and successful professional career. 

WETZEL, Granville L., who is the manager of 
a grain elevator in New Philadelphia, McDon- 
ough County, 111., and also cultivates a farm in 
the vicinity, was born in Fulton County, 111., 
September 21, 1849, a son of George and Sarah 
(Nebergall) Wetzel, of whom the former was 
born in Pennsylvania, and the latter, in Vir- 
ginia. The father was, by trade, a cabinet- 
maker and carpenter, but when he came to Ful- 
ton County he engaged in agricultural pursuits. 
The subject of this sketch obtained his early 
instruction in the public schools of his neigh- 
borhood, and in 1876 came to Mound Township, 
McDonough County, where he was engaged iu 
farming until 1900. At that period he tooK 
charge of Harris & Warren's grain elevator in 
New Philadelphia, in connection with which 
he also handles coal. The capacity of this ele- 
vator, which is situated on the Toledo, Peoria 
& Western tracks, is 30,000 bushels. Mr. Wet- 
zel also operates a farm of eighty acres in 
Section 23, Mound Township. He is an intelli- 
gent and methodical farmer and his elevator 
management is eflBcient and successful. 

On March 20, 1873, Mr. Wetzel was united in 
marriage with Sarah C. Butler, who was born 



X 

c 
o 

X 



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(/] 
o 

z 

> 

z 




HISTORY OF McDOXOUGH COL'XTV, 



1043 



in Virginia. Three children have resulted from 
their union, namely: Edward L., Orville C. 
and Sherman A. Politically, Mr. Wetzel is a 
Republican. He served five years as Assessor 
of Mound Township, was also a member of the 
Roard of Trustees, and at present is serving a 
two years' term as Supervisor of Mound Town- 
ship. Fraternally, Mr. Wetzel is connected with 
the I. O. O. F. and the M. W. 

WHALEN, Thomas P., well known in Macomb, 
111., as the ijroprietor of a thriving meat mar- 
liet, was born in Colchester Township, McDon- 
ough County, February 28, 1871, and there 
obtained his schooling. His father and mother, 
Peter and Bridget (Ryan) Whalen, were na- 
tives of Ireland, born in County Galway. His 
paternal grandfather, Peter Whalen, and his 
grandfather on the maternal side, John Ryan, 
were also born in County Galway. Peter 
Whalen came from Ireland to the United States 
in 1855, and spent a year in Pennsylvania, 
whence he came to Colchester Township. Mc- 
Donough County. After remaining here eight- 
een months, he went to California and was 
engaged in gold-mining for four years. In lSG(i 
he returned to Colchester Township, and was 
employed in the coal mines. He died January 
27, 1895. He was the father of six children, 
of whom the subject of this sketch was the 
third in order of birth. 

At the age of twenty-two years Thomas P. 
Whalen began working in the clay mines In 
McDonough County, and continued thus two 
years. He then married, and was for ten years 
engaged in farming in Colchester Township 
At the end of this period he moved to Macomb, 
where he was employed in various ways for 
some time. In December, 1904, he went into 
the meat l)usiness on ICast Jackson Street, and 
conducts the only extensive meat market in this 
part of the city. 

Mr. Whalen was married October 3, 1893, to 
Mattie Upp, who was born and educated in Ma- 
comb. Their union has resulted in four chil- 
dren, namely: Adelia, Estella, Deward and 
Mary. Politically, Mr. Whalen votes the Dem- 
ocratic ticket. In religious belief, he is a Cath- 
olic, and fraternally, is a member of the K. 
of C. The subject of this sketch is energetic, 
diligent and straightforward in his business 
dealings and is meeting with that degree of 
success which such characteristics merit. 



WHEELER, Richmond W., a prominent and 
prosperous manufacturer of Bushnell, .McDon- 
ough County, 111., was born in Pleasant Mount, 
Wayne County, Pa., November 6, 1S30, a son 
of H. J. Wheeler and Marietta (Chittenden) 
Wheeler, both natives of Connecticut, the father 
of Winsted and the mother of Guilford. 

The subject of this sketch availed himself 
in early life of the opportunities afforded by 
the public schools of his locality, and after- 
ward devoted his attention to blacksmithing, 
carriage trimming, harness making and farm- 
ing. In 1869, he came to Illinois and located in 
Knox County, where he followed the trade of 
a harness-maker. He moved to Bushnell in 
December, 1871, and entered into business with 
Nelson La Fourette & Co., who were engaged 
in the manufacture of pumps. The firm is now 
known as the Bushnell Pump Company — Mr. 
.Velson having retired — and makes all kinds of 
wooden pumps, windmills, croquette sets, 
wooden tanks, etc. It employs about twenty 
men besides salesmen on the road, w'.io dis- 
pose of the output throughout the West and 
.\orthwest. The plant is situated on the tracks 
of the Toledo, Peoria & Western and the Chi- 
cago, Burlington & Quincy Railroads. 

In February, 1857, Mr. Wheeler was married 
to Clarissa B. Hubbell, who was born in Han- 
cock County, N. Y., and two children have re- 
sulted from this union, namely: Thomas H. 
and Harriet C. (Mrs. Mack Pinckley). Mr. 
Wheeler is a careful and clear-headed business 
man and possesses the qualities essential to 
success. Politically, he is a Republican, and 
has been a member of the School Board for a 
number of years, serving also as a member of 
the City Council; Is also an elder in the Pres- 
byterian Church. 

WHITE, Samuel M., who Is extensively efi- 
gaged in stock-raising and general farming in 
Tennessee Township, McDonough County, III., 
was born in that township July 19, 1850. and 
there availed himself of the opportunities af- 
forded by the common schools in his vicinity. 
He is a son of Stephen A. and Elizabeth (Mc- 
Gce) White, and a grandson of Thomas White 
and Samuel McGee. Stephen A. White, who 
was born in Highland County, Ohio, came to 
Tennessee Township in 1840 and worked on a 
farm, marrying shortly after his arrival. Be- 
fore his marriage he lived with the parents of 



I044 



HISTORY OF Mcdonough county. 



the lady who became his wife. He purchased 
land, in which he dealt for a number of years, 
and in 1SS5 retired from active efforts, moving 
to Colchester, McDonough County. He died in 
Macomb, 111., In 1S95. 

Samuel M. White is the fourth of a family 
of ten children — seven boys and three girls. 
He lived with his parents until he reached the 
age of twenty years, when he married. He 
bought eighty-one acres of land in Chalmers 
Township. McDonough County, where he lived 
until January 1, 1S77, when he sold out and 
bought a little over ninety acres in Tennessee 
Township, where he lived until February 1, 
1894. He then moved to a farm of 400 acre;; 
which he owned in the same township. Tt 
this property he has added until he now owns 
747 acres, all in Tennessee Township. He is 
considered one of the most substantial and suc- 
cessful farmers in this portion of the State. 

Mr. White's first wife was Susan Burford, a 
native of McDonough County, to whom he was 
married November 4, 1869. The children of this 
union were Gertrude (Mrs. Harry Moon), and 
TVTaude (Mrs. O. A. Holies) . Some time after 
he was left a widower Mr. White took, for his 
second wife. Mary Frances Mort, who was born 
in Hancock County. 111., where she enjoyed the 
advantages of the common schools. Four chil- 
dren are the offspring of this union, namely: 
Ernest L., Erwin N., Harry L. and Ina, all of 
-whom are at home. In politics, Mr. White is a 
Democrat, and fraternally, belongs to the A. O. 
U. W. 

WHITTLESEY, Simeon, a stationary engineer, 
of Macomb. McDonough County, 111., was born 
in Kenyon, N. H., May 14, 1845, a son of John 
R. and Ann (Whittier) Whittlesey, natives of 
New Hampshire, the former also born at Ken- 
yon. John R. Whittlesey came with his famih- 
to Canton, 111., at an early period, journeying by 
water. He was engaged in farming near Can- 
ton for eight years. Subsequently he located 
In the vicinity of Walnut Grove, 111., where he 
bought eighty acres of land in Section 16, Wal- 
nut Grove Township, on which he continued 
farming. 

Simeon Whittlesey is the fifth of a family of 
eight children, six of whom were boys. He 
remained with his parents until he was twenty- 
five years old, when he went to work at boiler- 
making in Bushnell, 111. He was afterward 



employed as engineer in a brick yard. He has 
worked in Bushnell and in its vicinity since 
1864, except during a period of four years spent 
as an engineer in Iowa. His eldest brother, 
Duran, was fireman on the first coal-burning 
locomotive that was run through Macomb on 
the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy Railway. He 
first came to Macomb as engineer for the old 
Eagle Pottery Works, in which he was em- 
ployed five years. On May 10, 1896, he went to 
work for the Macomb Pottery Company, where 
he is still engaged. His brother, Duran, is 
running a flouring mill in Canton, 111., and 
Rush W.. the brother next in age, who was a 
farmer in Creston, Iowa, died in 1880. The 
third brother, William A., was formerly Super- 
intendent of the Bushnell Water Works. His 
eldest sister died in California in March, 1903. 
The sister next in age lives in Beatrice, Neb. 
His youngest brother, Alfred, who was an en- 
gineer in Bushnell, 111., died June 22, 1891. 

On December 6, 1S78, Mr. Whittlesey was 
married to Mary A. Young, who was born and 
schooled in Walnut Grove Township. Two chil- 
dren, Osie May (Mrs. Ray Brooking) and Mar- 
garet A., resulted from this union. Mr. Whit- 
tlesey is a member of the Methodist Episcopal 
Church, politically, a Republican, and fraternal- 
ly, belongs to the I. O. O. F. 

WHITTLESEY, W. H., former Superintendent 
of the City Water Works, of Bushnell, McDon- 
ough County, 111., is a native of New Hampshire, 
where he was born in 1840. Mr. Whittlesey 
settled in Fulton County. 111., in 1859, and was 
there engaged in agricultural pursuits until 1880. 
In 1N93 he took charge of the Bushnell Water 
Works as Superintendent. These works were 
established in 1889, and are owned by the city. 
The system was organized for the purpose of 
supplying the city with water for domestic 
and fire-extinguishing uses. It includes three 
wells, each 100 feet deep; one well, 1.351 deep; 
two reservoirs, with a capacity of 36,000 gallons 
each, and a 40,000-gallon standpipe. The water 
comes through sandstone. Two pressure pumps 
are used, having a capacity of 400 gallons per 
minute, with two boilers ( of sixty-horse power 
each. There are from three and one-half to 
four miles of main, aiid fifty hydrants for fire 
protection. The works pump 150,000 gallons 
per day, and the operating expenses are $100 
per month. Mr. Whittlesey resigned his posi- 





/-^ 



HISTORY OF Mcdonough colxty. 



1045 



tion as Superintendent 01' the Water Works in 
the spring of 1901'.. and the City Council adopted 
the following preambles and resolution as an 
evidence of the public sentiment regarding him 
and his official labors: 

"WiiKKKAs. Mr. W. H. Whittlesey has served 
the City of Bushnell for nearly thirteen years 
in the official capacity of Superintendent of 
Water Works, to the entire satisfaction of the 
City Council and citizens of the city, but is 
now determined to retire; and, 

"Whereas, This city is justly proud of its 
system of Water Works, the efficiency of which 
depended largely upon the watchful care of 
the Superintendent; and, 

"WiiEHEAs. The said task has been very ard- 
uous, involving service all days during the 
year, besides many night calls on account of 
fires; therefore, be it 

"Resolved. That this council, in accepting 
the resignation of Mr. W. H. Whittlesey, here- 
by tender him a vote of thanks and respect 
for his long, faithful service in the capacity of 
Superintendent of Water Works." 

Mr. Whittlesey married Abble J. Herse*, 
who was born in McDonough County, and the 
children (all sons) resulting from their union 
are: Abdellah, Ward and William. 

WILSON, Hugh, one of the oldest living resi- 
dents of McDonoush County, was born in In- 
dustry Township. McDonough County. 111.. April 
4, 1S32, and in his boyhood here obtained what 
education was afforded by the primitive schools 
of that period. He is a son of John and Martha 
V. (Vance) Wilson, natives of Jackson County, 
Tenn. They came to McDonough County in 
1S26. and were the first settlers in the county, 
which then constituted a part of Schuyler Coun- 
.ty. They were married in 1S2S, being the first 
white people wedded in the county. After 
marriage they settled on a farm where thev 
spent the remainder of their lives. Hugh Wil- 
son was one of a family of twelve children, 
six boys and six girls, of whom all the boys 
and one girl are still living. He is living on 
the quarter-section of land on which he was 
born and reared, and has never had any other 
residence, with the exception of one year, when 
he lived in the village of Industry. He has. 
however, made three trips to California, spend- 
ing a year on each trip. Mr. Wilson has been 
afflicted with rheumatism since 1S,S5. but aside 



from this is well preserved and hearty, as Is 
also the companion who has shared his joys 
and sorrows for half a century. Two noble 
types of the hardy pioneers, who have together 
confronted many dangers and together endured 
untold privations, still together they abide in 
the old homestead environed by the affectionate 
care of a son and a daughter, who count it 
among their chief pleasures to minister to the 
comtorl of their parents. 

Mr. Wilson was married January 14, 1855, to 
Harriet Hobart, a native of Oneida County. N. 
Y.. where she received her early education. The 
children resulting from their union are as fol- 
lows: Xaney Ann (Mrs. W. P. Skiles), of 
Nebraska; Milo, at home; Traverse, also of 
Nebraska; Marilla B. (Mrs. J. P. Young), who 
died at the age of thirty-eight years; Mortimer, 
of Industry, III.; Carr, of California; Edward, 
of Colorado; Minnie (Mrs. C. E. Burnham), 
of Industry; Carrie, who is at home; Guy, of 
Industry; Roy, a resident of Alma. Neb.; and 
William, of Headrick, Okla. Politically, the 
subject of this sketch upholds the doctrines of 
the Prohibition party. He has held the office 
of constable for three terms. Fraternally, he is 
affiliated with the A. F. & A. M. 

The parents of Mrs. Hugh Wilson were 
William Hobart, a native of Ireland, and Ach- 
sah Ingraham. of New York. They came to 
Industry Township. McDonough County, in 
1850. removed to Iowa in the fall of 1859. and 
both died in that State. They were the parents 
of eleven children. Mrs. Hugh Wilson being the 
third. Xfr. and Jlrs. Wilson celebrated their 
golden wedding anniversary January 14, 1903. 
It is the devout prayer, not only of the chil- 
dren of this worthy father and mother spared 
from the pioneer period, but of their hosts of 
friends throughout McDonough County, that 
they may long survive as exemplars of those 
virtues which distinguished the early settlers 
of this region. 

WILSON, James Vance, a veteran farmer of 
McDonough County. 111., where he has lived 
for seventy years, was born in Industry Town- 
ship. McDonough County. December 11, 1835, 
and is the fifth of twelve children born to his 
parents. In boyhood he attended the district 
school in his vicinity, and remained on the 
paternal homestead until he reached the age of 
nineteen years. He then worked for two years 



1046 



HISTORY OF jMcDONOUGH COUNTY. 



on various farms, after which he kept a grocery 
in Industry village for the same length of 
time. In 1861 he bought a farm in the south- 
west part of Industry Township, on which he 
lived five years. This he then sold and bought 
the place where he now resides. His first pur- 
chase was eighty acres, to which he afterward 
added another eighty acres, and continued mak- 
ing additions until his present holdings amount 
to 400 acres. On this property he has erected 
the buildings and made all other improve- 
ments. He is quite a traveler, having made 
trips to California and Mexico. 

On January 22, 1S5G, Mr. Wilson was united 
in marriage with Permillis Adkinson, who was 
born and schooled in McDonough County. Two 
children were the offspring of this union, name- 
ly: Paris, born in 1S5G; and Thomas who 
ly: Paris, born in 185G, and died February 
17, 1S5S. The mother of these children died 
February 10, 18.58. On October 11, 1859, Mr. 
"Wilson married Clara S. Adkinson and the issue 
of their union was fourteen children, as fol- 
lows: John A., born September 16. 1861; 
Leroy, born August 17, 1863; Amaranth, born 
November 1, 1SG5; Price, born December 21, 
1867; Veronia, born December 7, 1869; Mar- 
guerite, born February 20, 1872; Eva, born 
February 22, 1874; Bernice, born October 3, 
1876; Alva, who was born March 20, 1879, and 
died August 4, 1880; Nova, born May 1, 1881; 
Calvin, born March 12, 1884; Melvin horn on 
the same date as Calvin, and Dottle, born Sep- 
tember 25, 1887. On political questions Mr. 
Wilson is in accord with the Democratic party, 
has served one term as Supervisor. Fraternal- 
ly, he is a member of the A. r'. & A. M. The 
agricultural career of John Vance Wilson clear- 
ly demonstrates what measure of success is 
possible to one possessing the traits that have 
dominated his life — honesty, industry, energy 
and indomitable perseverance. 

WILSON, John 0. C. (deceased), one of the 
earliest residents of Macomb, 111., as he was 
one of the worthiest, and the first of its cit- 
izens to perform the functions of Mayor, was 
born in Philadelphia, Pa., July 12, 1805, and 
died in Macomb. March 18. 1880. He was a 
son of Robert and Elizabeth (O'Connor) Wil- 
son, natives of Ireland. An ancestor of his 
mother, also named John O'Connor, was sup- 
posed to be akin to the royal blood of Ireland. 



The O'Connor castle still stands. Both of his 
parents were very young when they came to the 
United States. His mother, when a little child, 
came to Philadelphia with her brother, who 
died six months after their arrival, leaving 
her without kindred. By occupation his fa- 
ther was a shoemaker. Although the subject of 
this sketch enjoyed but meager facilities for 
school instruction in his youth, he contrived, 
by dint of close application to his studies, to 
secure a fair common-school education. After 
his school days were over he learned the trade 
of a hatter, at which he worked from place to 
place. He was fond of visiting new scenes, 
and, with this inclination, traveled over a 
greater part of the country, tarrying briefly in 
one town and then journeying to another which 
attracted his attention. After his marriage in 
Kentucky he came to Illinois in 1S33. buying a 
farm on which he lived eighteen months, and 
which is now owned by his daughter-in-law, 
Mrs. Hettie Wilson. 

On May 12, 1829, Mr. Wilson was united in 
marriage, at Lebanon, Ky.. with Adeline L. 
Purdy. Her grandfather came from Ireland to 
the United States at an early period. He pur- 
chased a farm for each of his six sons, and pre- 
sented each one with a slave. Some of these 
farms were situated on the site of the present 
city of Lebanon. Mr. and Mrs. Wilson became 
the parents of ten children, four of whom died, 
unnamed, in infancy. The others are as fol- 
lows: Cincinnatus, deceased; Elizabeth Ann 
(Mrs. Clark), deceased; Cornelia, who lives 
with her mother; Dr. Robert Henry, a dentist 
in Kentucky; Samuel P., deceased; and 
Charles, who died at the age of one year. The 
mother of this family, commonly called "Grand- 
ma Wilson," was born January 28, 1810. She 
lives in Macomb, does her own work, and is as 
sprightly and interesting as many persons at a 
much younger age. In her ninety-sixth year, 
her mind is clear and her memory retentive. 

Politically, Mr. Wilson was in early life a 
Whig. After the Civil War, he espoused the 
eause of the Democratic party. He served as 
Assessor of his township, filled the office of 
Deputy Sheriff, under "Dan" Campbell, was 
School Commissioner and School Superintend- 
ent, and was elected the first Mayor of Ma- 
comb. Fraternally, he was afl;iliated with the 
A. F. & A. M. Religiously, he became a mem- 
ber of the Presbyterian Church about six years 




THOMAS C. YARD 



HISTORY OF Mcdonough county. 



1047 



before his death. John O'Connor Wilson was a 
man of keen intellect, broad Information and 
strong force of character. He was, withal, a 
person of kindl.v nature and cordial sentiment. 
He possessed in a large measure the precise 
qualities essential to a civic official in the pio- 
neer period, and left the lasting impress of his 
life on the early history of Macomb. 

WILSON, John W., who. for the past ten 
years, has been engaged in farming operations 
in Emmet Township, McDonough County, 111., 
was born in Leeds, England, March S, 1836, 
a son of Mark and Bessie (Nayler) Wilson, 
both natives of England. The grandfather, 
Robert Wilson, was an Englishman, who mar- 
ried a lady named Willis, also of English birth. 
In early life, after finishing his school studies, 
.lohn W. Wilson learned the trade of a moUler. 
In his twenty-first year, he came to the United 
States and worked at his trade in Boston, 
Mass., until the following year, when he went 
to St. Louis, and was there employed as a 
molder for two years, afterward being engaged 
in coal-mining for several years. When he 
came to Emmet Township he bought an eighty- 
acre farm, to which he soon after added forty 
acres more, which contained a vein of coal 
called the Randolph Mine. The mining por- 
tion he subsequently sold and purchased forty 
acres additional, and on this tract of 120 acres, 
he is engaged in general farming and raising 
cattle, hogs and horses. He is an industrious, 
careful and thrifty farmer. 

On September 27, 18.59, Mr. Wilson was mar- 
ried to Mary Teasdale, who was born and edu- 
cated in Kendall, England. They became the 
parents of the following named children: 
George (deceased), Mark, John, Albert, Willis 
M., Mary (deceased), Laura and Frederick. In 
his religious associations, Mr. Wilson is a 
Methodist, and politically, has cast his fortunes 
with the Populist party. He has held the office 
of School Trustee and Director, and has also 
served as Justice of the Peace. 

WILSON, Mark, who Is successfully engaged 
in cultivating a farm of *10 acres which he 
owns in Sections .'52 and 33, Emmet Township. 
McDonough County, 111., was born June 2, 1862. 
in St. Louis County, Mo., a son of John W. and 
Mary A. (Teasdale) Wilson, natives of Eng- 



land, which was also the native land of the 
grandfather. Mark Wilson. John W. Wilson, 
the father, was by trade a molder, and was also 
engaged in coal-mining until the subject of 
this sketch was one year old. when he moved 
to a farm In McDonough County containing 
coal land, upon which he operated a mine. 
Mark Wilson, the son, lived with his parents 
until he was twenty-one years old, when he 
went to California and worked in the red woods 
at Humboldt Bay for a year and a half. He 
then returned home and bought a farm in Em- 
met Township, McDonough County, where he 
lived five years. At the end of this period he 
sold out and bought another farm in the same 
township, which he cultivated for six years. 
This he also sold and removed to Macomb, 
where he spent one year, and then purchased 
his present farm, where he has lived since 1899. 
Mr. Wilson was married January 24, 1S89, to 
Mary L. Rorer, who was born in McDonough 
County, where she attended the public school. 
Three children have blessed their union, name- 
ly: Ralph Ernest. Mark Earl and Claude Fred- 
erick. Mr. Wilson is a consistent member of 
the Methodist Episcopal Church, politically, is 
a Republican, and has held the office of Town 
Collector two terms. He was elected Super- 
visor in the spring of 1904. and has rendered 
faithful and efficient service in both positions. 
Fraternally, he is identified with the I. O. O. F. 

WILSON, William, Jr., an enterprising and 
successful farmer of Bethel Township, Mc- 
Donough County, III., was born in Industry 
Township. McDonough County, August 13. 1878. 
a son of Hugh and Harriet (Hobert) Wilson, 
the former born in McDonough County and the 
latter in the State of New York. The paternal 
grandfather was John Wilson, and the grand- 
father on the maternal side was William Ho- 
bert, a native of Ireland. Grandfather John 
Wilson was the first while settler in McDonough 
County, where he was engaged in farming on 
pre-empted land in Industry Township. 

William Wilson, Jr.. was the youngest of a 
family of twelve children, and lived at home 
with his parents until he reached the age of 
twenty-one years. He then married and was 
engaged in farming on the home place for two 
years. Later he bought 380 acres of land in 
Bethel Township, on which he is engaged in 



1048 



HISTORY OF Mcdonough county. 



general farming and raising cattle, hogs and 
horses. His crops are chiefly corn, small grain 
and grass. 

Mr. Wilson was married, August 22, 1S99, to 
Maria Lillian Chipman, who was born in Schuy- 
ler County, 111., where she attended the public 
schools. Two children are the offspring of this 
union, namely: Erma Rose, born June 14, 
1900; and Gordon Earl, born September 14, 
1901. Mrs. Wilson is a daughter of Levi and 
Maria Elizabeth (Swink) Chipman, born, re- 
spectively, in the State of Delaware and In 
Schuyler County, 111. Her grandparents were 
Levi and Julia Chipman, and Peter and Eliza- 
beth (Bechtol) Swink — the two last named 
having been natives of Kentucky. 

Politically, Mr. Wilson is a supporter of the 
Prohibition party, and in religious faith, he is 
a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church. 
Fraternally, he is connected with the M. W. and 
I. 0. O. F. Pew of the most prosperous farm- 
ers of Bethel Township have made a better 
record within so brief a period as has the sub- 
ject of this sketch. 

WINSLOW, Melvin T. (deceased).— Versatility 
and broad usefulness characterized the career 
of Melvin T. Winslow, who was a resident of 
Illinois from 1S5.5 until his lamented death in 
Galesburg, December 23, 1904. Preferring a 
commercial life to a professional one, Mr. Wins- 
low became known as a bookkeeper, banker, 
furniture and real-estate dealer, and holder of 
important Republican offices. Mr. Winslow 
came from a family of which much might rea- 
sonably be expected. His forebears were 
among the colonial settlers of New England, 
and had the thrift and practical traits fos- 
tered by their surroundings. He was born in 
Leroy, Jefferson County, N. Y., August 7, 1S24, 
a son of Ansel Winslow and grandson of Ben- 
jamin and Rebecca (Ellis) Winslow, all natives 
of Rochester, Mass. His mother, formerly Lu- 
cinda Tainter, was born in Sommers, Conn., 
a daughter of Jonathan and Jemima (Root) 
Tainter. 

The profession of medicine, around which 
centered the early ambitions of Dr. Winslow, 
seems to have proved an unsatisfying outlet. 
From the public schools he entered a medical 
college in the State of New York, and, after 
graduating, located in Clayton, in the same 
State, where he practiced until 1S55. The de- 



sire to identify himself with a growing com- 
munity then took possession of him, and he 
came to Quincy, 111., where he was bookkeeper 
for a large department store for about a year. 
In l,So('> he entered the banking establishment 
of Randolph & Company, of Macomb, remain- 
ing with that firm for five years, and for the 
following few years he was connected with 
the bank of M. L. Holland. In 1S71 he ob- 
tained a charter for the Union National Bank, 
capitalized the same for $60,000, and was teller 
and bookkeeper of the institution until 1S76. 
He then became Cashier of the savings depart- 
ment of the First National Bank, and in 1882 
resigned his position and purchased the furni- 
ture stock of B. F. Martin & Son. In 1892 
he sold out his furniture business and became 
interested in real estate, conducting the same 
until the beginning of the illness which termi- 
nated his lite. 

Mr. Winslow's well-known integrity and pub- 
lic-spiritedness created a demand for his po- 
litical services, and he creditably filled the of- 
fice of City Treasurer of Macomb, member of 
the Board of Education and member of the City 
Council. For years he was a member and 
earnest supporter of the First Baptist Church. 
His first marriage, which occurred in Jefferson 
County, X. Y., November 22, 1849, was with 
Sarah Blunt, of Jefferson County, who died 
in February, 1856. leaving three children: 
Myra Rosalind, of New York; Percy Ambrose, 
of Clayton, N. Y. ; and Joseph Melvin, of Quincy, 
111. Mr. Winslow was later united in marriage 
to Sarah A. Wolberton, of which union three 
children were born: Eliza, Sarah A., and Wal- 
ter. Mr. Winslow was one of the solid, sub- 
stantial men of Macomb, and his name inva- 
riably was associated with conservative and 
reliable business methods. He both made and 
kei)t friends, and his influence was felt in many 
avenues of city life, all of which were digni- 
fied by his uprightness and simplicity of char- 
acter. 

WISSLEAD, James Edward, who is the owner 
of a fine farm in Sciota Township, McDonough 
County, 111,, was born in Lincolnshire. England, 
on December 25, 1850, a son of Edward and 
Mary A. (Loise) Wisslead, natives of England. 

Edward Wisslead came to the United States 
with his family, and proceeded to Illinois, 
where, in 1856, he settled in Blandinsvillfr 




MRS. THOMAS C. YARD 



HISTORY OF McDOXOUGH COUNTY. 



1049 



Township, McDonough County, and locating on 
Section 13, there engaged in farming and stock- 
raising. In the spring of 1856 he bought 480 
acres of land in Section 7, Sciota Township, to 
which he moved, and on which he spent the re- 
mainder of his life in agricultural pursuits. 
He died April 25, 1900, his wife having passed 
away March 12, 1886. James Edward Wisslead 
is one of a family of ilve children, four of 
whom are still living. He attended the public 
schools of his neighborhood when he was a 
youth, and remained under the paternal roof, 
assisting his father in the work of the farm 
until 1877. In that year he commenced farm- 
ing for himself. He now owns 240 acres of the 
home place in Sciota Township and 132 acres 
in Hancock County. His general farming and 
stock-raising are carried on in a thorough man- 
ner, and with successful results. On November 
15, 1877, the subject of this sketch was united 
in marriage with Elizabeth Hodges, a daughter 
of William and Mary (Watts) Hodges, natives 
of Somersetshire, England. Mrs. Wisslead, who 
is eighth in order of birth of a family of nine 
children, was born and educated near Roseville, 
Warren County. 111. Two children— Alfred E. 
and Frank Levi — are the offspring of this 
union. Politically. Mr. Wisslead supports the 
principles of the Democratic party. 

WOERLY, Alphonso, proprietor of a successful 
machine shop, in Macomb, 111., was born in 
Alsace, Germany, March 16, 1860, and there 
underwent his mental training in the public 
school. His father and mother, George and 
Mary A. (Von Rosbach) Woerly, were also 
natives of Alsace. Having learned the machin- 
ist's trade in Germany, the son came in 1883, 
to the United States, locating in McDonough 
County, where he was engaged In farming for 
ten years in Chalmers Township. He then 
moved to Macomb, and worked In various shops 
in that city for ten years longer. In 1902. he 
purchased the machine shop of George R. Coop- 
er, on East Calhoun Street. This shop does 
all kinds of general repairing in the machine 
line, making a specialty of engines and thresh- 
ing machines. Mr. Woerly is a thoroughly 
competent machinist, careful and painstaking, 
and the work turned out at his shop Is such 
as to give general satisfaction. 

The subject of this sketch was married in 
1884 to Florence Ulrlch, who was born in Al- 
28 



sace, Germany, and attended school in this 
country. Nine children have been born to 
them, namely: Annie, Leo, Albert. Catherine, 
Louis, Martin, Lena, Bertie and Francis. In 
politics, Mr. Woerly supports the principles of 
the Democratic party. His religious connection 
is with the Catholic Church. 

WOLFE, E. T., a highly respected farmer 
and stock-raiser, now living in comfortable re- 
tirement In Bushnell, McDonough County, 111., 
was born in Indianapolis, Ind.. In 1847, his fa- 
ther and mother, Jacob and Mar>- Jane (Tyner) 
Wolfe, also being natives of that State. In his 
early youth, the subject of this sketch enjoyed 
the advantages of the common schools in his 
locality, having been brought, when an Infant, 
from Indianapolis to Prairie City, 111. In that 
vicinity and near Walnut Grove he was suc- 
cessfully engaged in general farming and stock- 
raising until his removal to Bushnell In the 
fall of 1904. His farm, consisting of 320 acres, 
is located on Section 25, Bushnell Township. 
There he has served as Road Commissioner, 
School Director and in other official positions. 
On moving into Bushnell he purchased a resi- 
dence and retired from active business life. 

Mr. Wolfe was united In marriage in 1872 
with Permelia Clark, a native of Illinois, and 
their union has resulted in three children, 
namely: Edward C, Charles (deceased), and 
William. By many years of unremitting toll 
and careful method, the subject of this sketch 
has entitled himself to the agreeable leisure 
which he now enjoys, while still in possession 
of his physical and mental faculties' unim- 
paired. 

WOODS, Edward, who was for many years 
engaged In agricultural pursuits In McDonough 
County, III., and Is now a highly respected 
resident of Macomb, where he Is living in com- 
fortable retirement, was born in New Salem 
Township, McDonough County. July 4, 1832. 
His parents. Salem and Cornelia (Grow) 
Woods, were natives of New York, the father 
having been born In Madison County, In that 
State, and the mother In Norwich, Chenango 
County. His grandparents on both sides, 
Samuel and Phoebe (Holton) Woods, and Jacob 
and Sarah (Mead) Grow, were all born In the 
State of New York. 

Mr. Woods' father and mother came to Mc- 



1050 



HISTORY OF AIcDONOUGH COUNTY. 



Donough County in the fall of 1831, and their 
son, Edward, liere enjoyed the advantages of 
the public school. He was the youngest of 
five children, and remained with his parents 
until their death. His father died September 
17, 1880, at the age of eighty years and four 
months, and his mother passed away in Au- 
gust, 1S93, aged ninety-eight years and seven 
months. Mr. Woods inherited eighty acres of 
the home farm and purchased eighty acres 
more, which he subsequently sold, still retain- 
ing the eighty acres of the homestead. H^ 
retired from active business in the fall of 
1892, and built a fine residence in Macomb, 
which he now occupies in ease and contentment, 
enjoying the confidence and esteem of all who 
know him. 

Mr. Woods was married January 8, 1857, to 
Sarah A. Adcock, a native of Kentucky, where 
she received her early training in the public 
school. Three children have resulted from this 
union, namely: Manford; Lawrence, who died 
at the age of fourteen years; and Orel. In poli- 
tics. Mr. Woods supports the Republican party. 
His religious faith is that of the Universalist 
Church. 

WOODS, J. B., a prosperous and substantial 
farmer of New Salem Township, McDonough 
County, 111., was born at Pennington's Point, 
New Salem Township, March 19, 1850. His 
father, Daniel D. Woods, was a native of New 
York State, and his mother, Jemima (Hammer) 
Woods, was born in McDonough County, 111. 
The paternal grandparents, Salem and Cornelia 
(Grow) Woods, were natives of the State of 
New York. The grandparents on the maternal 
side were J. E. D. Hammer and Nancy (Pen- 
nington) Hammer, of whom the former was 
born in Kentucky. Daniel D. W^oods lived with 
the subject of this sketch from 1899 until March 
2, 1902. when he died, his wife having passed 
away April 3, 1897. 

J. B. Woods is the second of a family of five 
children, three of whom were girls. He re- 
mained with his parents until he was twenty- 
one years old, when he began farming where he 
now lives. At the age of twenty-five years lie 
bought forty acres of land to which he has 
added until he now owns 315 acres in Sections 
8 and 9, where he moved at the time of his 
marriage. He carries on general farming, 
raises horses and hogs, and feeds other stock. 



In December, 1878, Mr. Woods was married 
to Luella Seaburn, who was born in New Salem 
Township, and in her youth attended the public 
and high schools. Two children are the off- 
spring of this union, namely: Dovie Irene (Mrs. 
James Rexroat), born February 23, 1881; and 
Guy R., born October 2, 1883. Politically, Mr. 
Woods is a Republican, and fraternally, is a 
member of the K. of P. and the M. W. A. 

WRIGHT, Charles H., who is successfully en- 
gaged in the milling business in Blandinsville, 
McDonough County, 111., was born in Huron 
County, Ohio, on June 21, 1855, and there, in 
his youth, attended the district schools. He is 
a son of James and Eliza (Wakefield) Wright, 
natives of England. Mr. Wright was reared 
on a farm and engaged in agriculture until 
he came to McDonough County, his experience 
in this line covering about eighteen years. 
Previously he had been conducting an extensive 
stock ranch in western Kansas, where he 
raised and fed large numbers of cattle. On 
August 24, 1904, he located in Blandinsville 
and purchased the mill of W. P. Wright, which 
he has since operated. He does all kinds of 
custom milling, and is engaged in the manu- 
facture of flour. The capacity of his mill is 
fifty barrels of flour per day. He is also inter- 
ested in an electric light plant, for lighting 
houses and for municipal purposes. The same 
power is used for both the electric light plant 
and the mill. On December 28. 1880, Mr. 
Wright was married to Jennie Ryder, who was 
born in Huron County, Ohio, on September 29, 
1859. Their union resulted in one child, Lil- 
lian (Mrs. Fred Bowman), who resides in Lib- 
eral, Kans. Politically, Mr. Wright is a Demo- 
crat, and fraternally, is affiliated with the I. O. 
O. F. and the M. W. of A. 

YARD, Thomas C. — It is impossible to follow 
the long career of Thomas C. Yard without 
feeling the uplift of encouragement and re- 
newed appreciation of those qualities which, 
since the beginning of time, have led men to 
wealth, honor and noble citizenship. The ad- 
vantages of good birtli and good training were 
included in the equiimient of this early pioneer. 
During the brief sojourn of his parents in his- 
toric Stamford, Fairfield County. Conn., he was 
born December 4, 1830. His father. Job Yard, 
was a native of Somersetshire, Southwestern 




Cx^vi^^</ 




HISTORY OF McDOXOUGH COUNTY. 



1051 



Kngland, and as a young man came to the 
United States and lived for a time in New Yorlc 
City. He later married Frances Chorley, also 
born in Somersetshire. England, a daughter of 
William Chorley, and with his wife moved to 
Connecticut, settling on a farm near Stamford 
for a couple of years. His next venture was as 
a merchant in New York City, and while thus 
em|)loyed he contracted the western fever and 
decided to identify his fortunes with the prair- 
ies of the Central West. Reaching McDonough 
County April IS, 1833, he found a great expanse 
of sparsely settled country, offering unlimited 
opportunity to men of courage, patience and 
forethought. Purchasing 160 acres he set him- 
self to the lasl< of turning its primeval sod to 
the light of the sun. of putting in seed, and in 
the fall gathering his harvest. With this went 
the privation incident to living in a pioneer 
home, of subsisting on few articles of diet, and 
depending largely upon the game that fell be- 
fore the marksmanship of the settlers. The 
work of improving the land was necessarily 
slow, and at the time of his death in 1839, six 
years after his arrival in the county, Mr. Yard 
had but forty acres under the plow. His wife 
survived him until 1875, having bravely per- 
formed her task as helpmate and mother of 
succeeding pioneers. She had seven children, 
of whom Thomas C. is the third in order of 
birth. A resident of McDonough County since 
he was three years old. Thomas C. Yard has 
witnessed every stage of growth in the heart 
of a splendid agricultural region. He has seen 
towns arise and lend vigor and vitality to the 
prairies, and witnessed the failure and success 
of new arrivals, according as they were strong 
or weak in weathering the storms of adver- 
sity. For a few months each winter, when his 
labor was not in demand at home, he attended 
the crudely built school some distance from 
his father's farm, but in later life the meager- 
ness of this opportunity came to him with in- 
sistent force, driving him to add to his scant 
knowledge whenever opportunity offered. To- 
day he is a welt informed and keenly intelli- 
gent man, abreast of the times and able to 
renew his youth In a contemplation of the 
aims and ambitions of the rising generation. 

Upon the marriage of Mr. Yard and Louise 
Phelps, of Oneida County, N. Y., December 
28, 1854. a change was efTected In his plans, 
the young people starting up housekeeping on 



a small farm of fifty-four acres, which then 
represented the extent of their purchasing 
power. As a money maker this property did 
not long meet the demands of its occupants — 
a difficulty easily remedied, as their harvests 
were abundant and their household conducted 
with strict economy. More land was purchased 
from time to time until Mr. Yard was the 
possessor of 730 acres, 210 of which com- 
prised the old homestead in Emmet Tewnship. 
From the time of his marriage until June, 18S5, 
Mr. Yard lived on the same farm, and during 
that time a transformation took place which 
seems hardly possible to the boys of today 
who witness the unexampled prosperity Bur- 
rounding them. In .June. 1^95. Mr. Yard re- 
moved from the farm to the home he had 
purchased in Macomb, where he still lives, and 
near where he owns another house and lot 
He has one of the largest incomes from per- 
sonal property of any of the retired farmers 
of the town. Mr. and Mrs. Yard are the par- 
ents of nine children: Frances Elizabeth. Wil- 
liam C, Emma L., Leander F. (all deceased); 
Clara A., wife of H. L. Booth; Thomas A. de- 
ceased); Edmund L., of Florence, Colo.; Tru- 
man P., of McDonough County, and Jessie O., 
wife of J. Ledgewood, also of that county. Mr. 
Yard is a Republican in politics, and in early 
life was an active local worker. His fine per- 
sonal qualities have drawn to him the friend- 
ship of many and the good will of all. and his 
career of great usefulness, of integrity and 
worth, stands clearly outlined on the history 
of this fertile and well favored county. 

YEAST, Andrew. — The reputation for excel- 
lent farming and broad citizenship established 
by that ^arly settler. John Leonard Yeast, is 
being maintained by Andrew Yeast, son of the 
pioneer, and one of the most successful of the 
younger generation of agriculturists of Sciota 
Township. The elder Yeast, of whom men- 
tion Is made elsewhere in this work, carved his 
prosperity out of small beginnings, and at the 
time of his death in 1900 left one of the best 
equipped farms in the township. 

Andrew Yeast was born on the farm he now 
occupies in Sciota Township, in December. 
1875, and received his education, with many 
attendant disadvantages, in the district schools 
of his neighborhood. He was reared to work 
and economy, and to a scientific knowledge of 



IOS2 



HISTORY OF Mcdonough county. 



soil-culture and stock-raising. He has 160 acres 
devoted principally to stock, raised and fed 
for both market and breeding purposes. He 
has a well built and comfortably furnished 
home, presided over by his wife, formerly 
Pearl Henry, whom he married in Macomb in 
1904, and who is a daughter of Levi and Nellie 
(Alexander) Henry, early settlers of McDon- 
ough County. To Mr. and Mrs. Yeast have been 
born a daughter, Greta Darline, a bright and 
promising child, now in her second year. Mr. 
Yeast devotes himself to his farm duties to 
the exclusion of outside interests, and has no 
time or inclination for political or other hon- 
ors. He is energetic and business-like, honor- 
able and obliging, and is regarded as a stable 
and promising factor in the community. 

YEAST, Edgar L. (deceased).— Among the ag- 
riculturists of McDonough County, 111., a 
worthy representative of the younger element 
was the well-known gentleman whose name 
stands at the head of this sketch. Mr. Yeast 
■was a native of McDonough County, having 
been born in Mound Township, November 30, 
1867, a son of .John Leonard and Nancy Yeast, 
who were natives of Pennsylvania. The occu- 
pation of the father was that of a farmer, and 
he was thus engaged in Mound and Sciota 
Townships tor many years, and in this pursuit 
his labors were rewarded by well-merited suc- 
cess. 

The early education of Edgar L. Yeast was 
obtained in the district schools of Sciota Town- 
ship, McDonough County, and he remained at 
home, assisting in the working of the paternal 
farm until he reached the age of twenty-one 
years. At that period he applied himself to 
farming on his own responsibility, in Section 
12, Sciota Township, where he was successfully 
engaged until his death July 31, 1906. Mr. 
Yeast was the owner of 160 acres of land, on 
which all the improvements were made by him- 
self. He carried on general farming, and de- 
voted considerable attention to the raising and 
feeding of cattle, making the breeding of 
Short-horns a specialty. 

On March 2, 1S93, Mr. Yeast was united in 
marriage, in Henderson County, 111., with Cas- 
sie Sanderson, who was born in that county, 
and there in early youth received the benefit 
of public schooi advantages. Mrs. Yeast is a 
daughter of James and M. E. Sanderson, her 



father being among the early settlers of Biggs- 
ville, Henderson County, 111., where he has been 
a prosperous farmer. The union of Mr. and 
Mrs. Yeast resulted in four children, as fol- 
lows: Nannie, Marie, Jarnes and Enid. In pol- 
itics, the subject of this sketch was a supporter 
of the Democratic party, although he was not 
actively interested in political campaigns. He 
was careful, systematic and diligent in his 
farming operations, and as a citizen sustained 
all measures tending to promote the welfare of 
his township. His death was a cause of deep 
sorrow to his near relatives and a large circle 
of friends, as well as an acknowledged loss to 
the community. 

YEAST, John, a prominent farmer in Sciota 
Township, McDonough County, 111., was bom in 
Fulton County, 111., August IS, 1863, and re- 
ceived his elementary education in the public 
schools of McDonough County. He is a son 
of John Leonard and Nancy (Griffin) Yeast, 
natives of Pennsylvania. John E. Yeast came 
to McDonough County in 1867. and bought 160 
acres in Section 13, Sciota Township, from 
Hugh Ling, later increasing his land interests 
until he was the possessor of 640 acres. He 
was a Democrat in politics, and served cred- 
itably in several township ofHces. 

The subject of this sketch is one of a family 
of eleven children, of whom nine are still liv- 
ing. He was brought by his parents to Mc- 
Donough County in 1867, and remained on his 
father's farm until he was twenty-three years 
old. He then commenced farming for him- 
self on Section 14. Sciota Township, where he 
owns 120 acres of land. He built his present 
residence in 1901, and has made other im- 
provements. 

On December 26, 1886, Mr. Yeast was married 
to Agnes James, who was born in McDonough 
County. The children born of this union are: 
Nina, Chester. Jessie, Guy and Davis. Reli- 
giously, Mr. Yeast is a member of the Methodist 
Church, in politics he is a Democrat, and was 
elected Township Assessor in 1905. Frater- 
nally, he is associated with the Modern Wood- 
men of America. 

YEAST, John Leonard (deceased), formerly a 
prominent and prosperous farmer in Sciota 
Township, McDonough County, 111., was born 
in Grantsville, Md., April 4, 1836, a son of 



HISTORY OF Mcdonough county. 



1053 



Adam and Susan (Morley) Yeast, both of whom 
were natives of that State. Mr. Yeast left 
his home In Maryland when he was about 
twenty-one years of age, and coming to Illi- 
nois, located In Fulton County, where he was 
engaged in farming for several years. Sub- 
sequently he followed his customary occupa- 
tion at a point just south of Bushnell, Mc- 
Donough County, for about four years. In 
1868 he settled on a farm of IGO acres in Sec- 
tion 16, Sciota Township, on which he made 
the necessary improvements and there spent 
the remainder of his life. Ultimately, he be- 
came the owner of 560 acres of land, and was 
considered one of the most extensive and suc- 
cessful farmers in the county. He was en- 
gaged in general farming, but in later years 
devoted his attention principally to raising 
stock. He departed this life in 1900, having 
made an admirable record as a farmer and as 
a citizen, and leaving behind him a spotless 
reputation. He was a man of remarkable en- 
ergy, strict Integrity and conscientious fidelity 
to the dictates of duty. 

Mr. Yeast was united in marriage, in Fay- 
ette County, Pa., with Nancy Griffin, a most 
estimable woman, who was born in that State, 
a daughter of William and Emeline Grlffln, 
also natives of Pennsylvania. There her fa- 
ther died, her mother afterward removing to 
the West. Mr. and Mrs. Yeast became the par- 
ents of the following nine children, namely: 
William Leroy, who lives in McDonough Coun- 
ty; Carrie and Emma, who are with their 
mother; John D., who occupies the home farm; 
Edgar, George and .\ndrew, who reside on the 
homestead; Harry, who lives in Good Hope, 
McDonough County; and Leonard, whose resi- 
dence is in the same county, just south of Ma- 
comb. In 1903 the mother of this interesting 
family, together with her daughters, moved to 
Good Hope, where she built a comfortable and 
attractive residence. 

In politics, Mr. Yeast was a supporter of the 
Democratic party, and was prominent and in- 
fluential in its councils. He served as Road 
Commissioner, and in 1882 held the ofBce of 
Supervisor of Sciota Township, in both of 
which positions he acquitted himself with ef- 
ficiency and to the entire satisfaction of the 
people of his township. Religiously, Mr. Yeast 
adhered to the faith of the Methodist Church. 
He lived a useful life, enjoying the respect and 



confidence of all who came in contact with him, 
and his death was deeply lamented, not only 
by his family and intimate friends but through- 
out the entire community. 

YETTER, Fred L., a prosperous farmer and 
at present County Treasurer of McDonough 
County, 111., now residing at Macomb, was born 
December 15, 1867, and in his youth attended 
the public and central preparatory schools. He 
is a son of Johnson Yetter, born near Philadel- 
phia, Pa., and Samantha (Davidson) Yetter, 
born In the vicinity of Springfield, Ohio. His 
paternal grandfather was John Yetter, and 
his grandfather on the maternal side was John 
Davidson — the latter a native of New York 
State. Fred L. Yetter is the fourth of the chil- 
dren born to his parents, among whom was 
but one sister. He was reared on a farm and, 
his father having died in 1887, continued to 
live and work there until 1903. At that period 
he changed his residence to Macomb, retain- 
ing, however, his farming Interests. 

Mr. Yetter was married September 11, 1890, 
to Saloma Dowell. who was born in the vi- 
cinity of Zanesvllle, Muskingum County, Ohio, 
and received her early education in the public 
school. The children resulting from this union 
were H. Rex and Bernice. who died at the age 
of eighteen months. Politically, Mr. Yetter is 
a Republican. He was appointed census enu- 
merator of Ulandinsville Township In 1900, in 
1903 was elected County Treasurer of McDon- 
ough County, and assumed the duties of that 
office on December 1st of that year for the term 
expiring December 1, 1907. He Is a member 
of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and his fra- 
ternal affiliations are with the I. O. O. F. (.Mil- 
itary Tract Lodge No. 145). M. W. A. and Ma- 
comb Lodge No. 1006, B. P. O. E. Mr. Yetter 
is a man of sound judgment and superior in- 
telligence, has ser\'ed the public to the satis- 
faction of his constituents and is popular In 
the community. 

ZIMMERMAN, Charles E., a well-known farm- 
er and stock-raiser of Hire Township. McDon- 
ough County, 111., was born in McDonough 
County in 1861, a son of John and Eliza 
(White) Zimmerman, the former of German 
birth and the latter a native of Ohio. John 
Zimmerman, who was a farmer by occupation, 
came to the United States with his parents 



I054 



HISTORY OF Mcdonough county. 



when he was four years old, and first arrived 
in Hire Township, McDonough County, in 1853. 
Here he grew to manhood and devoted his at- 
tention to agricultural pursuits. During his 
residence here he was very successful and ac- 
quired from 500 to 600 acres of farming land. 

Charles E. Zimmerman is one of a family 
of six children born to his parents, five of 
whom are still living. He obtained his early 
mental training in the common schools of his 
neighborhood, and after he reached years of 
maturity, applied himself to farming. He has 
a farm of 160 acres in Section 32, Hire Town- 
ship, which he has been engaged in culti- 
vating, and on which he has been raising stock 
for eighteen years. He is also interested in 
buying and shipping stock. The improvements 
on his farm were all made under his manage- 
ment. 

In 1SS2, Mr. Zimmerman was united in mar- 
riage with Iva E. Parker, a native of McDon- 
ough County, and nine children have been born 
to them, namely: D. D., Ralph E., John R., 
Charles H., Iva C. Fred, Cliff, Clyde and Her- 
vey. 

The religious belief of Mr. Zimmerman is 
that of the Baptist Church. He served for two 
years as Assessor of Hire Township. Frater- 
nally, he is a member of the M. W. and the 
1. O. O. F. Mr. Zimmerman is a straightfor- 
ward, upright citizen, full of vital energy, well 
informed in his vocation, and represents the 
best agricultural element in McDonough 
County. 

ZIMMERMAN, George M., a well-known farm- 
er of Hire Township, McDonough County, 111., 
was born in that township on March 16, 1859. 
and obtained his early education in McDonough 
County. He is a son of John and Eliza (White) 
Zimmerman, natives of Ohio, in which State 
the paternal grandfather, John Zimmerman, 
was also born. John Zimmerman, the father, 
came to McDonough County in 1846 when a 
youth. His father took up land there and fol- 
lowed farming. When about twenty-one years 
old our subject started farming for himself, 
first on a place three and one-quarter miles 
west of here, and afterward in Hire Township, 
in 1881. In 1885 he bought eighty acres of 
land in Section 35, Hire Township. He now 
owns 300 acres in McDonough County, on which 
he has made all the improvements, and carries 



on general farming, feeding and stock-raising. 
He operates all the farms himself — fifty acres 
in Section 36, Hire Township; 100 acres in 
Section 31, Emmet Township; some land in 
Colchester Township, and ninety acres in Han- 
cock County, 111. At one time the elder Zim- 
merman owned about 500 acres in Tennessee 
and Hire Townships. He died August 21, 1903, 
and the mother October 9, 1905. 

On February 27. 1881, Mr. Zimmerman was 
married to Lizzie Bright, a native of McDon- 
ough County, and daughter of William and 
Almyra (David) Bri.ght. The father was a na- 
tive of England and the mother of Fulton 
County, 111. The children resulting from this 
union are as follows: John P., Ray Thomas, 
Nellie May. William, George Glynn and Marie. 
John F. married Maud Young and resides near 
his father, and Nellie May is the wife of Frank 
Wisherd, who lives in Indian Territory. They 
have one child, Iva. Politically, Mr. Zimmer- 
man is a Democrat, and fraternally, he is af- 
filiated with the M. W. A. and Mystic Workers. 

ZOOK, John N., who, in partnership with Wil- 
liam H. Dawson, is successfully engaged in the 
grocery and provision business in Bushnell, 
McDonough County, 111., was born in Fulton 
County, 111., June 25, 1846. His father was Da- 
vid Zook, who was a native of Pennsylvania. 
In his boyhood the subject of this sketch re- 
ceived his education in the district schools of 
his neighborhood, and afterward followed farm- 
ing until he was thirty years of age. Subse- 
quently he was engaged in carpenter work for 
about three years, and the next three years 
spent at work in a brick yard, for a like period 
being employed as a salesman on the road. 
In 1897 Mr. Zook went into partnership with 
William H. Dawson in the grocery and provi- 
sion line, under the firm name of Zook & Daw- 
son. The firm handles a full line of staple and 
fancy groceries and all varieties of provisions, 
and from a very small beginning its members 
have built up a trade that is second to none 
in this vicinity. Mr. Zook has good business 
qualifications in this direction, and merits the 
success which he has attained. The subject of 
this sketch was a soldier in the Civil War, 
having served in the Fifty-first Regiment Illi- 
nois Volunteer Infantry from 1864 until its ter- 
mination. 



HISTORY OF McDOXOUGH COUNTY. 1055 

On June 25. 1S85, Mr. Zook was united in a straight ticket. Fraternally, he is connected 

marriage with Mrs. Theresa Hamilton, a na- with the A. F. & A. M., M. W., K. T. and G. A. 

tive of Connecticut. Politically, he is a mera- R., and Is a Past Commander of Carter Van. 

ber of the Republican party, and always votes Vleet Post No. 174. 




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